View
220
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
$i~IT~O DE FISICA E QUIMICA DE sAc CARLOS
PEPARTAMEN'l'-(T''DETtSICA'E"- CI£NC~A.'DOS MATE"RI'A'I:&'~:
Especttos de Energia de FeixedeEI~trons Terapiuticos:Corre'la~a(? entrecParametrog.-~~,-Fisif.o'seQu~lidade.
Tese apresentada ao Instituto deFisica e Quimica de Sao CarIbs ,Universidade de Sao Paulo, paraa obtencao do titulo de DoutorernCiincias "Fisica Aplicada"
Sao Carlos Sac Paulo ~_._------
1993
SERVICOOE B1BUoHe,," E I,~:·;;;;:AC::AO - \Fose]ftS1C' __ -----'-------_._._.,',._--
DA1\\ S OHCPsLMC>o>?Ca^ DE SAO PAULO
Cfjkdklkg \] @^jd[Y ] Kl^ea[Y \] Mag =Yidgj bZYP '9:FA, IA.FAAAbxc '9:FA, IA.AA:LomD >iD =Yidgj tgk]d`gB IORP=YaoY JgjkYd NRU=?J INPRHDUSHC'D =Yidgjw MJtiYjad
iadSpmr UR Tmierrem ftgrRUmpR UR sara Ua UmtsmpRUm Ua pmgRlUm bmlraTR baplRlUar RnparalsRUR Rmelrsestsm Ua bereTR a ctedeTR Ua rem TRpgmr1 UR tleuapreURUa Ua rem nRtgm1 ai 05/03/1993
n]Z_x1U]x1TPNTW TSZb pZ-TWZ__x
~ .irAL%k""n]Z_1U]1W`Ox UxbTO cZWO1xY uPW e. .
o fbgaZ jn^kb]Z ^lihlZ; seZn]bZ ]^]b\h ^lm^ mkZ[Zeah; ihk k^\hga^\bf^gmh]h l^n Zfhk; ZfbsZ]^ ^ \hfik^^glZhA O^fDl^n \hfiZga^bkblfh ^ Zihbh l^kbZ bfihllbo^eZ k^ZebsZuZh ]h f^lfhA
Jhl nembfhl ]bZl ]h ik^iZkh ]^lm^ mkZ[Zeah; Z lnZ Zcn]Z _hkm^ ^ Zfb`Z; _hb
JZh l^b \hfh ^qik^llZk Df^n ^m^fh Z`kZ]^\bf^gmh~Mn^ £^nl Z Z[^guO^^Z k^\hfi^gl^~
o fbgaZ jn^kb]Z ^ lZn]hlZ fZ^sbgaZ jn^ \hf l^n Zkghk ^ ZfbsZ]Zi^kfbmbkZf jn^ ahc^ mbo^ll^ \hg]buN^l _blb\Z ^ bgm^e^\mnZe iZkZ Zmbg`bk ^lm^ bgm^gmhA o oh\^;Mn^kb]Z fZ^; mZf[^f ]^]b\h ^lm^ mkZ[Zeah~
JZ ^m^kgb]Z]^ ih]^k^b nkg ]bZ; i^llhZef^gm^; fhlmkZk f^n `kZg]^k^\hga^\bf^gmhA
£^ihbl ]^ fbgaZ ^lihlZ; jn^kh ]^bqZk Zjnb ^qik^llh; jn^ l^f D mkZ[Zeah ]h
f^n Zfb`h BZ[bh P^O_beh ]Z ObeoZ; l^kbZ bfihllbo^e Z bg_hkfZmbsZrZh ]h ghllh mkZ[Zeah Ao
lnZ ]^]b\ZrZh _hb bg]bli^glZo^e iZkZ Z k^ZebsZrZh ]h f^lfhA o oh\^ BZ[bh; fbgaZ ^m^kgZ
ZfbsZ]^ ^ k^li^bmhA
PZf[^f gZ bg_hkfZmbsZrZh; Z \hhi^kZrZh ]h f^n Zfb`h B^kgZg]h s^lZk
okZnch £nmkZ; \hf lh_mpZk^; ^f ^li^\bZe D sabSkbmm^k; jn^ _hb _ng]Zf^gmZe \hfh
bglmknf^gmh k^]ZmhkA oe^f ]bllh; D jn^ ^ fZbl bfihkmZgm^; Z lnZ \hhi^kZrZh ghl^l\eZk^\bf^gmhl ]h ikh`kZfZ k^]Zmhk ^ Z _hkfZmbsZrZh ]h mkZ[Zeah _hkZf fnbmh
bfihkmZgm^l~ o oh\^ B^kgZg]h; fnbmh h[kb`Z]h~
oh Lkh_ Ubff^kfZg; f^n Zfb`h ^ hkb^gmZ]hk; f^n Z`kZ]^\bf^gmh lbg\^kh;ihk lnZ ZfbsZ]Z ^ hkb^gmZrZh gh f^n mkZ[ZeahA OnZ ik^l^grZ; Lkh_ Ubff^kfZg; _hb fnbmhbfihkmZgm^ iZkZ Df^n ]^l^goheobf^gmh \hfh _blb\h ^ ikh_bllbhgZeA
shfh \h?hkb^gmZ]hk; ^f ^li^\bZe jn^kh ^qik^llZk f^n ikh_ng]Z ^ lbg\^khZ`kZ]^\bf^gmh Zh Lkh_ £kA En]Z £Zpb] Che]fZg; jn^ fnbmh Zfb`h ^ ghllh ^q?ikh_^llhkghl m^fihl ]^ CkZ]nZrZh; i^kfbmbn jn^ \b^gmb_b\Zf^gm^ l^ k^ZebsZll^ D ghllh Dbh lhgaZ]h
mkZ[ZeahA CkZrZl Z lnZ ZfbsZ]^ ^ ikh_bllbhgZeblfh; Lkh_ En]Z; mbo^fhl \hg]brh^l k^Zbl iZkZZ k^ZebsZrZh ]^lm^ mkZ[ZeahAInbmh h[kb`Z]h~
oh Lkh_ £kA IZk\hl £( oobeZ Jng^l; ghllhl Z`kZ]^\bf^gmhl lbg\^khl i^eh
l^n ^lmbfneh; ln`^lmO^l ^ \hhi^kZrZh ghl ikh`kZfZl `kZ_b\hlA O^f Z lnZ \hhi^kZrZhm^kbZfhl ]b_b\ne]Z]^l ]^ Zik^l^gmZk ^ ikh\^llZk hl ]Z]hl ^qi^kbf^gmZbl \hf kZib]^s ^ik^\blZhA
·g_bf; Z mh]hl hl _ng\bhgZkbhl ]h DhlibmZe ]Zl sDgb\Zl; hl f^nlZl`kZ]^\bf^gmhl~ ·f ^li^\bZe ZZjn^e^l bg]bk^mZf^gm^ Zllh\bZ]hl Z ^ll^ DhlibmZe \hfh; Di^llhZe lZ K_b\bgZ ]^ Lk^\blZh ]Z BZ\ne]Z]^ ]^ I^]b\bgZ ]^ Nb[^bkZh Lk^mh; jn^ l^f lnZ
fZ`gb_b\Z Zllblm^g\bZ m^\gb\Z gZ ^eZ[hkZrZh ]hl lblm^fZl ]^ \hebfZrZh ^f Z\kbeb\h; l^kbZbfihllbo^e Z f^]b]Z ]hl ^li^\mkhl ]^ ^g^k`bZAJZ i^llhZ ]h l^n \a^_^ ^ D]^k; D OkAFhl^PbkZ]h; f^nl lbg\^khl k^\hga^\bf^gmhl ^ Z`kZ]^\bf^gmhl~
691602 42=-7
ollngmh LZ`bgZ
o[lmkZ\m DE
sZibmneh E Egmkh]p]Zh DFO^\AEAE Lkhihlbmh ^ NZ\bhgZebsZuZh DFEAF Egm^kZuh^l ]hl ·e^mkhgl \hf Z IZm^kbZ DFEAI Ob`gb_b\Zg\bZ sebgb\Z ]Z ·g^k`bZ ]h ·e^mkhg DI
sZibmneh F o I^]b]Z ]Z ·g^k`bZ ]hl ·e^mkhgl DO
FAF ·g^k`bZ ED
FAFAE LZkZf^mkhl ]^ ·g^k`bZ ED
FAFAF ·li^\mkhl ]^ ·g^k`bZ N^ik^l^gmZmboh ED
FAFAI £blmkb[nbuZh ]Z ·g^k`bZ ]h B^bq^ Egmkbgl^\h]h o\^e^kZ]hk EE
FAFAI £blmkb[nbuZh ]^ ·g^k`bZ gZ Oni^k_b\b^ ]h
ObfneZ]hk EI
FAFAN LZkZf^mkhl ]^ ·g^k`bZ gZ Oni^k_b\b^ ]hObfneZ]hk ES
FAI oik^l^gmZ?]Zh ]Z ·g^k`bZ ]hl ·e^mkhgl FEFAM I^mh]hl ]^ I^]b]Z ]Z ·g^k`bZ FFFAMAE Egmkh]n?]Zh FFFAMAF ·g^k`bZl HbfbZk^l ]Zl N^Z?]h^l Jn\e^Zk^l
,Pak^lahe] ·g^k`b^l- FIFAMAI NZ]bZ?]Zh ]^ s^k^fGho FNFAMAM I^]b]Zl ]^ oe\Zg\^ FTFAMAN I^]b]Z ]^ Ben^g\bZ IRFAMAO ·li^\mkhf^mkbZ MFFAMAOAE sbgmbeZ?]Zh MFFAMAOAF £^_e^qZh ]Z LZkmb\neZ sZkk^`Z]Z MIFAMAR OnfZkbh\ Egm^k\hfiZkZ?]Zh ]hl I^mh]hl MI
sZibmneh I ·li^\mkhf^mkbZ fZ`g^mh?himb\h MNIAE shg\^bmh ^ N^eZ?]h^l Bng]Zf^gmZbl MN
IAFAF sZfih O^mhk CkZ]nZ]h\ ·gmkZ]Z ^ OZb]Z
JhkfZe NN
IAFAI N^`Dbh ]^ ·gmkZ]Z ]h O^mhk NNIAFAM N^`bf^l ]^ Rhh Hbok^ NN
IAFAN IZmkbs ]h ·li^\mkhf^mkh NN
IAI Lkhikb^]Z]^l ]h ·li^\mkhf^mkh OE
IAIAE Egmkh]prZh OE
IAIAF BhkfZrZh ]Z EfZ`^f Lhgmh Z Lhgmh OE
IAIAI IZ`gb_b\ZrZh OIIAIAM £bli^klZh OI
IAIAN N^lhenrZh OIIAM N^_bgZf^gmhl ONIAMAE Egmkh]nrZh ONIAMAF Hh\ZebsZrZh ]^ nfZ Bkhgm^bkZ obkmnZe ]h
sZfih OOIAMAI( ·_^bmh Egmkbgl^\h ]h sZfih ]^ BkZgcZ
Lkhehg`Z]h OTIAMAM QfZ JhmZ Oh[k^ hl ·_^bmhl ]^ O^`ng]Z Kk]^f RM
sZibmneh M I^]b]Zl ]hl ·li^\mkhl ]^ ·g^k`bZ RNMAE Egmkh]p]Zh RNMAF IZm^kbZbl ^ I^mh]hl ROMAFAE Bhgm^ ]^ NZ]bZrZh RO
MAFAF sZkZ\m^kblmb\Zl ]h o\^e^kZ]hk Hbg^Zk ?
"I^oZmkhg?EF " SDMAFAI sZeb[kZrZh ]h ·e^mkhbfZ
Lkbf^bkZ ·qi^kb^g\bZ Lk^ebfbgZk SDMAFAM O^`ng]Z ·qi^kb^g\bZ Lk^ebfbgZk
P^lm^ iZkZ Z I^]b]Z ]h ·li^\mkh SFMAFAN sZkZ\m^kblmb\Zl ]h £^m^\mhk QmbebsZ]h SFMAFAO "Bhgm^" ]^ shkk^gm^ EfikhoblZ]Z SIMAI I^]b]Zl ^ N^lnemZ]hl ]hl ·li^\mkhl ]^
·g^k`bZ ]h I^oZmkhg?EF SIMAIAE Egmkh]nrZh SR
MAIAF Oblm^fZ ]^ shebfZ\Zh QmbebsZ]h iZkZ
I^]b]Zl ]hl ·li^\mkhl ]h I^oZmkhg?EF ^
I^oZmkhg?RM SS
MAIAI Bhgm^ ]^ shkk^gm^ ·lmZ[bebsZ]Z TFMAIAM ·e^mkhbfZ; TI
MAIAN Lkh\^]bf^gmhl ^ N^lnemZ]hl ·qi^kbf^gmZbl TM
MAIANo Lkh\^]bf^gmhl ·qi^kbf^gmZbl TM
MAIANr N^lnemZ]hl ·qi^kbf^gmZbl TN
sZibmneh N sZkZ\m^kbsZ\Zh ]Z MnZeb]Z]^ ]h B^bq^ EDM
NAE Egmkh]n\Zh EDMNAFAE £^l\kb\Zh ]Z £blmkb[nb\Zh ]^ £hl^
o[lhkob]Z gh ·bqh s^gmkZe EDM
NAFAF £^_bgb\N^l ^ £bl\nllN^l ]hl LZkZf^mkhl EDSNAFAF?E g oe\Zg\^ P^kZi^nmb\h N EDSNAFAF?F g CkZ]b^gm^ ]^ £hl^; C EDTNAFAF?I g CkZ]b^gm^ ]^ £hl^ ^ Z HZk`nkZ ]h
·li^\mkh EEONAFAF?M oe\Zg\^ P^kZi^nmb\h ^ Z HZk`nkZ ]h
·li^\mkh EFINAI IZm^kbZbl ^ I^mh]hl EFINAIAE Egmkh]n\Zh EFINAIAF ·qi^kb^g\bZ Lk^ebfbgZk I EFMNAIAF?E shg\^bmh ]Z Bhgm^ LhgmnZe; RbkmnZe Oo EFMNAIAF?F okkZgch ·qi^kbf^gmZe iZkZ I^]b]Z ]^ Oo EFONAIAI I^]b]Zl ]Zl snkoZl ]^ Lhk\^gmZ`^f ]^
EhgbsZ\Zh Lkh_ng]Z EFTNAIAI?E IZm^kbZe ^ I^mh]hl EIDNAIAI?F Lkh\^]bf^gmhl EIDNAIAI?I shkk^eZ\Zh ]hl £Z]hl ]hl ·li^\mkhl ]^
·g^k`bZ ^ hl LZkZf^mkhl ]Zl snkoZl ]^Lhk\^gmZ`^f ]^ EhgbsZ\Zh Lkh_ng]Z EIO
NAIAM shg\enlN^l C^kZbl ^ BbgZbl EMS
EJ£Es· 12 364@=->
Bb`A E ? Egm^k\hfiZkZe]Zh ]^ £Z]hl ]^ £hl^ Lkh_ng]Z ? iZ`A DN
Bb`A FAE? ·li^\ekh ]^ ·g^k`bZ C^k^g\bZebsZ]hkZ ? iZ`A DT
Bb`A FAF? ·li^\mkh ]\ ·g^k`bZ N^ik^l^gmZmboh ? iZ`A DT
Bb`A FAI ? Kl Pk^l Pbihl Lkbg\biubl ]^ EfZl ]^ £^_e^qZh ? iZ`A EF
Bb`A FAM? Pk^l Pbihl ikbf\biZbl ]^ C^hf^mkbZ ]^ LeZgnkZ ? iZ` EN
Bb`A FAN? L^k]Z gZ ·g^k`bZ PhmZe gZl BheaZl ]^ ·liZeaZfg^mh ? iZ`A ER
Bb`A FAO? Eglmknf\bebh nlZ]h iZkZ f^]bk DHbfbZk ]^ C^k^gdho ? iZ`A FO
Bb`A FAR? snkoZl ]^ N\g]beee^gehl ]^ Hns pi ·fZq f IEAMI^RA]^m^kfbg\eseZl i^eh I^mh]h ]^ omboZuZh ? iZ`A FS
Bb`A IAE? sZfih O^mhk CkZ]nZ]h ? iZ`A MS
Bb`A IAF ? C^hf^mkbZ iZkZ ·gmkZ]Z ^ OZb]Z gZh ghkfZe iZZkZ nkg \Zfihl^mhk ? iZ`A NI
Bb`A IAI ? shg_b`nkZ,;\Fh PheZe ]h ·li^\mkhf^mkh gh LeZgh I^]bh ? iZ`A NR
Bb`A IAM? shg_b`eeFo(Fh PheZe ]h ·li^\mkhf^mkh gh LeZgh PkZglo^klhA? iZ`A NS
Bb`A IAN? g \Zfih ]^ \hg\ ,OsKBB- ^ BkZgcZ Lkhehg`Z]Z ,·BB-? iZ`A
Bb`A IAO? £blmkb[nb,;\h^l ]^ sZfih ]^ BkZgcZ Lkhehg`Z]Z? iZ`A OT
Bb` IAR? ·_^bmh ]h £^leh\Zf^gmh ]h B^bq^ ? iZ`A RE
Bb`A MAE? £bZ`kZeeeZ eEEElmkZmboh]h o\^e^kZ]hk Hbg^Zk ?I^oZmkhg?EF ? iZ`A RS
Bb`A MAF? snkoZ ]^ sZeb[gee]Zh ]h ·e^mkhbfZ\ r qb? iZ`A SE
Bb`A MAI? ·li^\ekh ]^ ·g\k`bZ iZkZ ERI^R ,I^RA EF-? ·li^kb^g\bZLk^ebfbgZk ? iZ`A SN
Bb`A MAM? Oblm^fZ ]^ shebgeaee]ZK o\hieZ]h Zh £^m^mhk; ·e^mkhbfZ^ o\^e\k]e]hk ? iZ`A ST
Bb`A ,Bhmh- ,MAN-,MAO-? RblZh C^^] ]h Oblm^fZ ]^ shebfZuZh; i^u ]h ·e^mkbfZ^ Oblm^eeeZboehgmZ]h ? iZ`A TE
Bb`A ,Bhmh- ,MAR-? RblZh C\kZe ]h Oblm^fZ iZkZ I^]b]Z ]h ·li^\mkh IhgmZ]h ? iZ`A TF
Bb`A MAS? ·li^\mkh ]\ ·g^k`bZ "II^R"? I^oZmkhg EF ? i\\b`A TO
Bb`A MAT? ·li^\ekh ]^ ·g^k`bZ"RI^R" ?I^oZmkhg EF? iZ`A TR
Bb`A MAED? ·li\\mkh ]^ ·Fe\k`bZ "EEI^R"? Ib\khmhg RM? i\\b`A TS
Bb`A MAEE? ·li^\mkh ]^ ·g^k`bZ "RI^R" ?Ib\khmhg RM? iZ`A TT
Bb`A MAEF? ·li^\mkh ]^ ·g^k`bZ "EDI^R" ?Ib\khmhg RM iZ`A EDD
Bb`A NAF? £blmkb[nbm]\Fh P^kZi^nmb\Z ]^ £hl^ Lkh_ng]Z \hf Zl]^_bgbTD^l ]^ mh]hl hl iZkZf^mkhl nlZ]hl gh P^qmh iZ`A EDR
Bb`A NAI? snkoZ ]^ '1., £hl^ Lkh_ng]Z iZkZ B^bq^ Ihgh^g^k`^mb\hLZ`A iZ` EEE
Bb`A NAM? snkoZ ]^ & £hl^ Lkh_ng]Z iZkZ B^bq^ Ihgh^g^k`^mb\h· NI^R? iZ` EEF
Bb`A NAN snkoZ ]^ & £hl^ Lkh_ng]Z iZkZ _^bq^ Ihgh^g^k`^mb\h· eK I^R ? iZ` EEI
Bb`A NAO snkoZ ]^ & £hl^ Lkh_ng]Z iZkZ B^bq^ Ihgh^g^k`^mb\h·FDI^Ry iZ`A EEM
Bb`A NAR B^bq^l ]^ E\e\ekhgl Ihgh^g^k`^mb\hl ? Chq·? iZ`A EEN
Bb`A NAR B^bq^l ]^ ·e^mkhgl Ihgh^g^k`^mb\hl ? Chq· ? iZ`A EEO
Bb`A NAS B^bq\l ]^ ·e\ekhgl Ihgh^g^k`^mb\hl ? oe\Zg\^ P^kZi^nmb\hq· ? iZ`A EFFhB>
Bb`A NAT RblnZebeAZk]]ehC^hf^mkb\Z ]Z Bhgm^ RbkmnZe ? iZ`A EFN
Bb`A NAED sZf^kZ Fa] eInkZ\n ]^ oe_bg^m^ iZkZ I^]buZh ]^ OoY iZ` EFO
Bb`A NAEE C^hf^mkbZ iZkZ sbee\neh ]^ Oo ? iZ` EFR
Bb`A NAEF Oblm^fZ e(oehgmZ]h iZkZ EkkZ]bZuZh ]^ Bbef^ iZkZK[m^k?l^ V-]e]hl iZkZ Oo ? iZ`A EFR
Bb`A NAEI snkoZ ]^ L\F_\^eeeZ`^EeE]^ EhgbsZuZh Lkh_ng]Z; iZkZI^oZekhee IM C II^R ? iZ`A EIE
Bb`A NAEM snkoZ ]^ FWe_\\eeeZ`sEeE ]^ EhgbsZuh Lkh_ng]Z; iZkZI^oZmkhee IM ?RI^R? iZ`A EIF
Bb`A NAEN snkoZ ]\ iK_\^gmZ`^f ]^ £hl^ Lkh_ng]Z; iZkZI^oZekhee IM C EeI\R? iZ`A EII
Bb`A NAEO snkoZ ]\ eWek\\eemZ`^EeE ]^ EhgbsZuZh Lkh_ng]ZI^oZekhee i~ - RI\R ? iZ` EIM
Bb`A NAER snkoZ ]^ Lnk\^eeeZ`\eEe ]^ EhgbsZuh Lkh_ng]ZI^oZmkhee RE? eQI^R? iZ` EIN
Bb`A NAES RZkbZTaEDeb] ·g^k`bZ ·i;h ,h[mb]Z i^eh ·li^\mkh ]^ ·g^k`bZ-\hf LC,BgD iZ` EIR
Bb`A NAET RZkbZe]Zh ]^ GiG \hf kb ·i;h ? iZ` EMI
Bb`A NAFD RZkbZe]Zh \du,N`O ,D- ? N` ,k Dz \hf kb·i;h ? iZ` EMI
Bb`A NAFE shfiZkZu(]eh \EZlsnkoZl ]^ EhgbsZuZh Lkh_ng]Z ? RI^RI^oZmkheW R?u\hf I^oZmkhg EF? iZ` EMO
Bb`A NAFF shfiZkZ\]]ED]Zl "snkoZl ]^ ·li^\mkhl ]^ ·g^k`bZ " ?iZkZ I^o ?I^oZmkhg RM\hf I^oZmkhg EF? iZ` EMR
691602 12 ?-/27->
PZ[AFAFAE o NZsZh G; ^gmk^ Z L^k]Z ]^ ·g^k`bZ fZbl LkhoZo^e^ D·liZeaZfg^mh ]^ ·g^k`bZ iDY iZ`A FD
PZ[AFo £Z]hl Bblb\hl iZkZ hl HbfbZk^l ]Zl N^Z\K^l Jn\e^Zk^l ? iZ`A FM
PZ[AFAO N^eZ\Zh ]^ ·g^k`bZ ? oe\Zg\^? iZ` II
PZ[AFAR oe`nfZl sZkZ\m^kblmb\Zl ]hl IZm^kbZbl ObfneZ]hk^l ? iZ`A IN
PZ[AFAS ,R^k ·NNoPo ? bm^f T - ? Egm^k\hfiZkZ\Zh ]hl I^mh]hl ]^sZeb[kZ\Zh ]Z ·g^k`bZ ? iZ`A MM
PZ[AIAE ·e^f^gmhl ]Z IZmkbs iZZkZ Z PkZgl_hkfZ\Zh gh LeZgh I^fh ? iZ`A NT
PZ[AIAF ·e^f^gmhl ]Z IZm^kbZ iZkZ Z PkZgl_hkfZ\Zh ]Z £bk^\Zh PkZglo^klZ ? iZ`A OD
PZ[AIAI LZkZf^mkhl ]h ·li^\mkhf^mkh QlZ]h gZ ·qi^kb^g\bZ ]hl ·li^\mkhl]^ ·g^k`bZ ? iZ`A ON
PZ[oAe LZkZf^mkhl ]^ ·g^k`bZ jn^ sZkZ\m^kbsZf hl ·li^\mkhl ]^ ·g^k`bZ ? iZ`A EDE
PZ[AMAF ·kkhl ·qi^kbf^gmZbl iZkZ hl ·li^\mkhl ]^ ·g^k`bZ ? iZ`A EDE
PZ[ANAE RZehk^l f^]b]hl iZkZ Z £blmZg\bZ ]Z Bhgm^ RbkmnZe; Oo ? iZ` EFT
PZ[ANAI LZkZf^gmkhl K[mb]hl ]Zl sn^oZl ]^ Lhk\^gmZ`^f ]^ EhgbsZ\ZhI^]b]Zl iZkZ DI^oZmkhg EF ^ I^oZmkhg RM? iZ` EIT
PZ[ANo LZkZf^mkhl ]^ ·g^k`bZ h[mb]Zl ]Zl sn^oZl ]^ ·li^\mkh ]^·g^k`bZ ^ ]Zl sn^oZl ]^ Lhk\^gmZ`^f ]^ EhgbsZ\Zh Lkh_ng]Z ? iZ`A EMD
PZ[ANAN N^eZ\Zh ^gmk^ LZgef^mkhl ]h ·li^^mkh ^ LZkZf^mkhl ]h ·li^\mkh^ LZkZf^mkh N^e^oZgm^l ]Z o[lhk\Zh ? iZ` EME
aacVdV_eR^`d f^RR_R]ZdVV ^VUZURdU`d VdaVTec`dUV V_VcXZR U`d WVZhVdUV V]Vec`_d eVcRaVfeZT`d,cV]RTZ`_R_U`.RT`^ R bfR]ZURUVUVdeVd WVZhVd: GRcR^Vec`dT]Z_ZT`dV WZdZT`d,Z^a`ceR_eVd _`d a]R_V[R^V_e`d cRUZ`eVcRaZT`dV U`dZ^VecZR URdcRUZRkFVd,dR` R_R]ZdRU`dUVeR]YRUR^V_eVRaRceZcUV dfRdUVWZ_ZkFVd V Rd dfRdUVaV_UV_TZRdT`^ R]RcXfcRU` VdaVTec`: ad ^VUZURdV VdefU`dW`cR^ VWVefRURdT`^U`ZdRTV]VcRU`cVd~Z_VRcVdT]Z_ZT`dUV ^`UV]`d UZWVcV_eVdRDVgRec`_ ME&LE·laDG .JG' V DVgRec`_ AC&IZSVZcR`GcVe` . JG' ac`UfjZ_U WVZhVd UV V_VcXZRd _`^Z_RZdgRcZR_U UV F RACDVM aRcR? acZ^VZc` V, DRAADVM aRcR? dVXf_U`: MVcZWZTR^`dbfV `d gR]cVd acVgZde`d aV]RR eV`cZR dV^Z.Z^aZcZTRaRcR`d aRcR^Vec`d T]Z_ZT`dUZWVcV^ URbfV]Vd VUZU`d :oddRdUZWVcV_kRd dR Z^a`ceR_eVd bfR_U`V_W`TRURdd`SRgZdR U` UVdV_Y` U`dRTV]VcRU`cVdV `d cVdf]eRU`dT]Z_ZT`dUVdV[RU`d:
o g^p ZiikhZ\a pZl ]^l\kb[^] _hk \ebgb\Ze Zg] iarlb\Ze iZkZf^m^kl nl^] bgkZ]bhma^kZir ieZggbg` Zg] ]hlbf^mkr; lmn]rbg` ma^bk ]^i^g]^g\b^l hg li^\mkZe pb]malAPph ]b__^k^gm fh]^el h_ \ebgb\Ze ebg^Zk Z\\^e^kZmhkl p^k^ nl^]?I^oZmkhg RM,QJEsoIL-Zg] I^oZmkhg EF ,DsCBINLENEr·ENoK LN·PK-A I^oZmkhg RMikh]n\^l [^Zfl pbmaghfbgZe ^g^k`b^l _khf Nni mh EFI^R Zg] I^oZmkhg EF_khf I ni mh EEI^RA Em pZlo^kb_b^] maZm ma^ oZen^l h_ \ebgb\Ze iZkZf^m^kl ^qi^\m^] _khf Z l^fb?^fibkb\Zema^hkr]b__^k _khf maZm h[mZbg^] ^qi^kbf^gmZeerAOn\a ]b__^k^g\^l Zk^ k^e^oZgm _khf ma^ ihbgm h_ob^p h_ ma^ ]^lb`g h_ ^e^\mkhg Z\\^e^kZmhkl; Zl p^ee Zl; h_ ma^ mZk`^m \ebgb\Ze k^lnemlA
0-;6?@7: a
69?=:1@0-:
aSaP;=:;:>6?: 2 =-06:9-76B-0-:
o\^e^kZ]hk^l Hbg^Zk^l ^ r^mZmkhgl m^kg ikh]nsb]h _^bq^l ]^ ^e^mkhgl \hf ^g^k`bZloZkbZg]h ]^ I Z MNI^o; jn^ lZ£ khmbg^bkZf^gm^ nlZ]hl gZ kZ]bhm^kZibZ ]h \Zg\^kAg mkZ[Zeah ]^l\kbmh g^lmZ m^l^ ^goheo^n D nlh ]^ nkg ^e^mkhbfZ ^ nkg ]hlbf^mkh]bgb\h; iZkZ Z ZgZebl^ ]hl _^bq^l ]^ ^e^mkhgl ^f^k`^gm^l ]^ ]hbl Z\^e^kZ]hk^l ebg^Zk^l\I^oZmkhg RM I^oZmkhg EF,Zf[hl Ob^f^gl-A
o f^]b]Z ]Z ^g^k`bZ ]hl ^e^mkhgl ^ ]^ bgm^k^ll^ _ng]Zf^gmZe ghl ^lmn]hl]Zl k^lihlmZl ]hl lblm^fZl _blb\hl; jnbfb\hl ^ [bheO`b\hlZ bkkZ]bZrZh ]hl ^e^mkhglAJhgbo^e Zmhfb\h; jnZg]h hl ^e^mkhgl ]^ ZemZ ^g^k`bZ i^g^mkZf nkg f^bh; i^k]^f ^g^k`bZgZl bgm^kZrh^l; ^ nfZ ]^`kZ]ZrZh ikh`k^llboZ ]Z ^g^k`bZ ^_^mboZ ]hl ^e^mkhgl bg\b]^gm^lAO^ Df^bh ]^ Z[lhkrZh ^ Dm^\b]h oboh; ^lm^l ^o^gmhl eh\ZebsZ]hl lZh ]^_bgbmboZf^gm^k^lihglZo^bl i^eZ fhkm^ \^eneZkA· ihk ^lmZ kZsZh jn^ Z f^]b]Z ]Z ^g^k`bZ Z[lhkob]Z ^ ]^ikbg\biZe bfihkmZg\bZ gZ kZ]bhm^kZibZAO^ D Z[lhko^]hk ^ D ^e^f^gmh Zmboh ]^ nkg lblm^fZ]^ f^]b]Z _blb\h hn jnbfb\h; Z ^g^k`bZ Z[lhkob]Z ih]^ l^k jnZgmb_b\Z]ZALZkZ Zbgm^k\hfiZkZrZh ]^ ]Z]hl \ebgb\hl^ _blb\hl lb`gb_b\Zgm^l h[mb]hl ^f ]b_^k^gm^l \^gmkhl ^ZiZk^eahl; ^ g^\^llZkbh nkg \hga^\bf^gmh ]hl ^li^\mkhl ]^ ^g^k`bZ ]hl ^e^mkhglbg\b]^gm^lA·f ghllh mkZ[Zeah ]^ f^lmkZ]h ,E-; _bs^fhl nkg ^lmn]h ]Z jnZeb]Z]^ ]hl_^bq^l ]^ ^e^mkhgl Z iZkmbk ]^ nfZ ZgZebl^ ]^ Ze`ngl iZkZf^mkhl h[mb]hl ZmkZo^l ]^ nfZ\nkoZ ]^ Z[lhkrZhA o`hkZ; \hf ^lm^ mkZ[Zeah; ZgZeblZfhl Zjn^e^l f^lfhl iZkZf^mkhl ZiZkmbk ]Zl f^]b]Zl ]hl ^li^\mkhl ]^ ^g^k`bZA o iZkmbk ]^lm^l ihgmhl ]^ oblmZ; Zbgo^lmb`ZrZh ZmnZe _hkg^\^ nfZ ^li^\b_b\ZrZh mhmZe ]Z ^g^k`bZ ]hl _^bq^l ]^ ^e^mkhglm^kZi^nmb\hl; [^f \hfh ]Z jnZeb]Z]^ ]^lm^l _^bq^lA·lm^ mkZ[Zeah _hb ^eZ[hkZ]h ]^_hkfZ Z ^qiZg]bk hl \hga^\bf^gmhl lh[k^ Z jnZeb]Z]^ ]hl _^bq^l ]^ ^e^mkhglm^kZi^nmb\hl cngmh Zjn^e^l \b^gmblmZl ^ ikh_bllbhgZbl ^goheob]hl \hf Z ]hlbf^mkbZ ]ZlkZ]bZrh^l ^ ikbg\biZef^gm^ Zllblmbk Z kZ]bhm^kZi^nmZl ^ _blb\hl ^goheob]hl gZfZgnm^grZh ]^ f^eahk^l k^lnemZ]hl ]hl mkZmZf^gmhl ]^ \Zg\^kA
aScP69?2=-0:2> 1:> 272?=:9> 0:8 - 8-?2=6-
Jh ikh\^llh ]^ i^g^mkZrZh ]^ nkg f^bh; nkg ^e^mkhg ^g^k`^mb\h lh_k^ nfZln\^llZh ]^ bgm^kZrh^l jn^ \hgmkb[n^f \hf D^o^gmnZe "_k^Zf^gmh" ]h ^e^mkhgALhk \ZnlZ
]^ lnZ fZllZ i^jn^gZ; ^lm^ l^`n^ nkg \Zfbgah mhkmnhlh ]nkZgm^ D jnZe ]bllbiZ Z lnZ^g^k`bZ \bg^mb\ZAKl fh]hl ]^ i^k]Z ]Z ^g^k`bZ ]^i^g]^f lh[k^mn]h ]Z ^g^k`bZ ]h^e^mkhg bg\b]^gm^; ]Z ]^glb]Z]^ ^ ]h gnf^kh Zmhfb\h ]h Z[lhko^]hkAoik^l^gmZfhlZjnb nkg [k^o^ ^lmn]h ]hl Zli^\mhl `^kZbl ]^ i^g^mkZuZh ]hl ^e^mkhgl] nkg ^lmn]h fZbl]^mZeaZ]h ^ ]Z]h ghl mkZ[Zeahl Zik^l^gmZ]hl ihk oZkbhl Znmhk^l ,F- ,I- ,M-,N-A
g ^liZeaZf^gmh ]hl ^e^mkhgl lnk`^ ]Zl bgm^kZuO^l \hnehf[bZgZl ^eZlmb\Zl ^bg^eZlmb\Zl h\hkk^g]h ik^]hfbgZgm^f^gm^ \hf hl ^e^mkhgl hk[bmZbl ]hl Zmhfhl ]hZ[lhko^]hkAPZbl ^g\hgmkhl lZ£ `^kZef^gm^ ]^ghfbgZ]hl ]^ "colisionais" ^ k^lnemZf gZ^q\bmZuZh ^ bhgbsZuZh ]hl Zmhfhl ^goheob]hlAJh ikh\^llh ]^ bhgbsZuZh; Zl \heblO^leb[^kZf ^e^mkhgl l^\ng]Zkbhl "knock-on" jn^ ]bllbiZf lnZl ^g^k`bZl ]^ nkg fh]hlbfbeZk Zhl ^e^mkhgl ikbfZkbhlA£^ fZg^bkZ `^kZe; Z bhgbsZuZh ^ ^q\bmZuZh i^ehl^e^mkhgl lZ£ _^ghf^ghl _ng]Zf^gmZbl ]^ ^lmn]h i^eZ ]hlbf^mkbZ ]Zl kZ]bZuO^l;kZ]bh[bheh`bZ ^ kZ]bhm^kZibZA
ol bgm^kZuh^l mZf[^f ih]^f h\hkk^k gZ obsbgaZguZ ]h gn\e^h; ^ Z]^lZ\^e^kZuZh ]h ^e^mkhg ikh]ns Z kZ]bZuZh "bremsstrahlung", hn kZ]bZuZh ]^ _k^Zf^gmhAPZbl ^g\hgmkhl lZ£ ]^ghfbgZ]hl \hfnf^gm^ ]^ "interafoes radiativas", ^ lZ£ fZblikhoZo^bl ^f ZemZl ^g^k`bZl ^ ^ff^bhl ]^ Zemh gnf^kh Zmhfb\hA
BbgZef^gm^; Zl k^ZuO^l gn\e^Zk^l mZf[^f ih]^f l^k ]bliZkZ]Zl i^eh[hf[Zk]^Zf^gmh ]hl ^E^mkhgl; fZl ^lmZl l^ mhkgZf lb`gb_b\Zgm^l lhf^gm^ gZl ^g^k`bZlZE^f]h Ze\Zg\^ ]Z \hglb]^kZuZhik^l^gm^A
QfZ k^oblZh ]Z m^hkbZ ]Z i^g^mkZuZh ]hl ^e^mkhgl ^f nkg f^bh ]^ lbfneZuZh ]hm^\b]h ^ nfZ bgo^lmb`ZuZh ^qi^kbf^gmZe ]^ lnZ Zieb\ZuZh ^ ]Z]Z ihk RZg £rd Zg]IZ\£hgZe] ,O-; ,R-; ,S-AOnZl ]^l\h[^kmZl lh[k^ Z ]^ihlbuZh ]^ \Zk`Z ^lmZh ^f[hZ \hg\hk]Zg\bZ \hf Zl ik^]buO^l ]h fh]^eh m^Okb\h [Zl^Z]h ghl \Ze\nehl ]^Ihgm^ sZkeh ,T-Aol ]bl\k^iZg\bZl jn^ lnk`bkZf _hkZf Zmkb[nb]Zl Zl bg\^km^sZl gh\hga^\bf^gmh ]h ^li^\mkh ]^ ^g^k`bZ ]h ^e^mkhg bg\b]^gm^A
aSl P>6496360-906- 076960- 1- 292=46- 1: 272?=:9
shfh f^g\bhgZfhl Zgm^kbhkf^gm^; hl ^o^gmhl _blb\hl bgb\bZbl ]Z ]^ihlbuZh ]Z^g^k`bZ ghl lblm^fZl obohl ZiZk^\^f ikbg\biZef^gm^ \hfh ]Zgh [bheO`b\h ,iA^qAfhkm^ \^eneZk ]h mnfhk-A
ollbf; ^ g^\^llZkbh jnZgmb_b\ZkZk Z ^g^k`bZ ]^ihlbmZ]Z gh f^bh; ^ ihk ^lmZkZsZh; D \hg\^bmh ]^ ]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z _hkZ bgmkh]nsb]hAo shfbllZh Egm^fZ\bhgZe ]^
I^]b]Zl ^ Qgb]Z]^l ]Z NZ]bZuZh ,Egm^kgZ\bhgZe shffbllbhg hg NZ]bZmbhgl QgbmlZg] I^Zlnk^f^gml ? EsNQ-; ,T- ]^_bgbnZ ]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z;£; \hfh\
D=Mv!wi
hg]^ FV?> ^ Z ^g^k`bZ ]^ihlbmZ]Z eh\Zef^gm^ ^f nkg ^e^f^gmh ]Z k^`bZh ]^ fZllZ ufAo ngb]Z]^ ZmnZe ]^ ]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z ^ D Cr ,CkZr-; jn^ \hkk^lihg]^ Z Z[lhkuZh ]^ EFeG`AJZ ^ih\Z ]Z ]^_bgbuZh]Z]Z Z\bfZ; Z ngb]Z]^ ^kZ D kZ] jn^ \hkk^lihg]bZ ZZ[lhkuZh ]^ EDD·k`C`AJZ ngb]Z]^ ZmnZe E kZ] e E \Cr ,E \^gmb?`kZr-A
BbgZef^gm^; iZkZ fhlmkZk Z g^\^llb]Z]^ ]^ nfZ ngb_hkfb]Z]^ ]^ikh\^]bf^gmhl ]hlbf^mkb\hl ^gmk^ Zl bglmbmnbuh^l ^ jn^ \hg]nsZf Z nfZ ik^\blZh ]Z ]hl^Z[lhkob]Z; Z Bb`AE Z[Zbqh fhlmkZ ablmhkb\Zf^gm^ ]Z]hl ]Z ]hl^ ikh_ng]Z f^]b]hl gZZ`nZ h[mb]hl ^f \bg\h \^gmkhl f^]b\hl ^ Zik^l^gmZ]hl ihk rZmmblmZ ,ED-; ]^ nkgmkZ[Zeah ^_^mnZ]h ihk O\anes ,EE-Ao oZkbZuZh ]^ EAN\ff mhf^ ]Z ikh_ng]b]Z]^\hkk^lihg]^ Zh gbo^e ]^ ND&]Z ]hl^ ^ ^ Zmkb[nb]Z _ ih[k^ ^li^\b_b\ZuZh]Z ^g^k`bZ ]h^e^mkhg _hf^\b]h i^eZl bglmbmnbuh^l iZkmb\biZgm^lA O\anes ikhihl Z ]^_bgbuZh ]Zikh_ng]b]Z]^ l^fb?k^]nmhkZ ,DZe_ RZen^ £^ima ? DR£- iZkZ k^\hg\bebZuZh ]hl ]Z]hlu Z^l\ZeZ ]^ ^g^k`bZ ^ oZkbZ]Z Zm^ jn^ h\hkkZ D gbo^e ]^ ND& ]Z ]hl^ ^f nfZikh_ng]b]Z]^ Zk[bmkZkbZf^gm^ Z\^bmZAPZe ikh\^]bf^gmh ,Zfbeh`h Zl \ZfZ]Zl l^fb?k^]nmhkZ iZkZ hl kZbhl?T- ^ nkg f^bh lbfie^l ^ ikZmb\h ]^ f^eahkZk Z \hg\hk]Zg\bZ; fZlh \hg\^bmh ]Z DR£ ,Zbg]Z ZmnZef^gm^ ^fik^`Z]h- ^ljnboZ D ikh[e^fZ [Zlb\hAo]^m^kfbgZuZh ]h ^li^\mkh ]^ ^g^k`bZ ]hl ^e^mkhgl bg\b]^gm^l ^ Z ngb\Z ZoZebZuZh_blb\Zf^gm^ lb`gb_b\ZmboZ ]Z jnZeb]Z]^ ]hl _^bq^l ]^ ^e^mkhglA H mkZ[Zeah ]^l\kbmh Zjnb ^nkg ^l_hkuh iZkZ ^lmZ[^e^\^k nfZ mZe ]^l\kbuZh iZkZ hl Z\^e^kZ]hk^l ebg^Zk^l f^]b\hllh[ bgo^lmb`ZuZhA
MF_bEPefcCC??RRl]:
e F?V_?E
g?
CF
B` O HE HOA
IKH?NG=B=l=> B tF => l@Nl
?ZYC HB BGM> KtHF Il KlTlH =HL =l=HL =>=HL> IKH?NG=lC l=lIMl=H => LtANERA&2M',
laGZKLCF C
a ucao5S aS c-c1loS a/2 csc31/-2
Fd V]Vec`_d V^VcXZ_U` UV fc_ RTV]VcRU`c ^VUZT` RecRgVddR^ gRcZRdTR^RURdUV ^ReVcZRZdUZWVcV_eVd R_eVd UV ReZ_XZcV^ ? aRTZV_eV:odeVd Z_T]fV^R[R_V]RUV gRTfU` efS`UV RTV]VcROR`,R&d' W`]YR&d' UV VdaR]YR^V_e`fdRURdaRcR ac`UfjZcV^`d aVcWZd UV U`dV UVdV[RURd,V RTR^RcRUV ecR_d^ZddR`UV Z`_dfdRURaRcR `_Ze`cRc RdRZURU` WVZhV: > UV Z_eVcVddV Wf_UR^V_eR]V^ _`dd` ecRSR]Y`R ^`UZWZTROR U`VdaVTec` UV V_VcXZR U`dV]Vec`_d V, RcV]RORUVdeV VdaVTec` T`^ `d aRcR^Vec`d T]Z_ZT`dV WZdZT`dfdRU`d_`d a]R_V[R^V_e`dcRUZ`eVcRaZT`dV U`dZ^VecZRURdcRUZRO?Vd:
^ ·lIL &O',UVWZ_ZfTVce`d T`_TVZe`dbfV dRn cV]VgR_eVd _VdeV T`_eVhe`: aW]fV_TZR,TA],V UVWZ_ZURT`^`R
`_UV UE V ? _f^Vc` UV aRceZTf]RdV_ecR_U` V^ f^RVdWVcR UV RcVRdVTTZ`_R]UV TY`bfVUa: > Z^a`ceR_eV _`eRc bfV T·]V fc_ T`_TVZe XVcR] bfV Z_T]fZe`URd Rd aRceZTf]Rd,Z_UVaV_UV_eV URd dfRdUZcVO?Vd V V_VcXZRd: E` ecRSR]Y`RefR]V Z_gVdeZXRURRUZdecZSfZkR`=:AEL>F>C:"D1L>F>>%UV V]Vec`_d T`^ RV_VcXZR aRcRf^RUZcVkR` WZhR:odeRdVcRcVWVcZURdZ^a]Vd^V_eV T`^` !>JH>>KIG=>>F>IBC:!'E&o', _RUZdTfddR`dfSdVbfV_eV:
o^ cV]ReIcZ`d dfSdVbfV_eVd,? ·lIL, &AC' V &AD',cVWZ_RcR^ `d ^`UV]`deVIcZT`d V RacVdV_eRcR^ R UVcZgRURURM V^ cV]RORR` eV^a` T`^` I:=CCCF>C:
gHE:F:I =:J H:IKE>LE:J&a]R_RcaRceZT]VcRUZR_TV',_R UZcVOR &J<,? _f^Vc` UV V]Vec`_d
..'
aRddR_U RecRgVdUV fc_ a]R_`UV RcVRa, T`^ R_`c^R] V^ f^RURURa`dZkR`&A', V RZ_eVXcR] UV dfaVcWZTZVURW]fV_TZRa]R_Rc,V V UVWZ_ZURa`cR
..' ..'
&I (L'C/
..' ..'
` eVc^` W]fV_TZRa]R_Rc,_[fI &I (L'( W`Z UVWZ_ZU` a`c I`VdTYV aeeZh, &AE'Rd W`Z
fdRURa`c NYieV, &AF'V, lRc]dd`_, &AI',U` a`_e` UV gZdeRVhaVcZ^V_eR], :AEL>F;C:HE:F:IUR ? _f^Vc` UV V]Vec`_d bfV RecRgVddRf^R dfaVcWZTZVa]R_RT`^ R _`c^R] _R UZcVkR`
..'
UV fc_ URU gVe`c f_ZeRcZ M' a`c f_ZURUVUV RcVRURbfV]RdfaVcWZTZV:
..'
TRd,.1/0( ?S&I 'C1CA,
..' ..'
`_UV _ \ gVe`c UV UZcViR U` ^`gZ^V_e` URdaRceZTf]Rd:? eVc^` &TRd,.1/0( ?S&I 'C1CE' V..'
` _f^Vc` UV V]Vec`_d V^ fc_ a`_e` I T`^ V_VcXZR _` Z_eVcgR]` Uo R` cVU`c UV o..'
bfV RecRgVddRf^RRcVRf_ZeRcZRT`^ R_`c^R] _R UZcViR` _ , UV_ec` U` Z_eVcgR]`UV..'
R_Xf] d`]ZU U_ R`cVU`c UV _ :nV RT`cU`T`^ ·lIL &AD',IVa`ce DFaRXZ_RCD,bfR_U`fc_ WVZhV UV V]Vec`_d
^`_` V_VcXVeZT`d aV_VecR V^ fc_ ^VZ` UV RSd`ciR`,dfR UZdecZSfZiRUV V_VcXZR VcRaZUR^V_eV R]RcXRUR aV]Rd_f^Vc`dRd T`]Zd`VdZ_V]Z]deZTRdT`^ `d Re`^`d U`RSd`cgVU`c:a UZdecZSfZkR`VdaVTecR]VhacVddR ? _f^Vc` UV V]Vec`_d UV f^R URURV_VcXZR RecRgVddR_U f^R VdWVcR UV RcVR dVTTZ`_R]UV TY`bfV f_ZeRcZ`: odeRUZdecZSfZiR`VdaVTecR] V UV Z^a`ceR_TZRWf_UR^V_eR]_`d TR]Tf]`dU`dZ^VecZT`dV a`UV dVcURURT`^`R
Nf> e DEAe
shgmn]h; Z _en^g\bZ ^li^\mkZe Ol? kZkZf^gm^ ih]^ l^k f^]b]Z ^qi^kbf^gmZef^gm^]^ nkg fh]h lbfie^lAQkgZ kg^]b]Z k^eZmboblmb\hl gZ lni^k_b\b^ ]^ nkg ieZgh ]^ k^_^k^g\bZ
ikh]ns; ^f o^s ]bllh; Z ]blmkb[nbuZh ^li^\mkZe ]Z _en^g\bZ ieZgZk ]hl ^e^mkhglA ·lmZCk
`kZg]^sZ; aElu(m), ih]^ l^k h[mb]Z ]h ^li^\mkh ]Z _en^g\bZ o^mhkbZe ]hl ^e^mkhgl
nlZg]h Z ^jnZuZh\
Ck
hg]^ ^ ^ D Zg`neh ^gmk^ Z ]bk^uZh ]h fhobf^gmh ]hl ^e^mkhgl ,g- ^ Z ghkfZe iZkZ ZCk
lni^k_b\b^ ]^ k^_^k^g\bZ; m. ·lmZ lbmnZuZh ^ ^g\hgmkZ]Z jnZg]h D Zalhko^]hk ^ ]bob]b]h^f ]nZl iZkm^l ^ ^ f^]b]h Dgnf^kh ebjnb]h ]^ ^e^mkhgl; Ji ; ZmkZo^llZg]h DieZgh ]^_khgm^bkZAO^ Z f^]b]Z ^ k^ZebsZ]Z \hf nkg ]^m^\mhk jn^ f^]^ lhf^gm^ D gnf^kh ]^^e^mkhgl ZmkZo^llZg]h Z lni^k_b\b^ ^f nfZ ]bk^\Zh ^ gZh e^oZ ^f \hgmZ hl ^e^mkhglk^mkh?^liZeaZ]hlA D ^li^\mkh ]Z _en^g\bZ ieZgZk?ngb]bk^\bhgZe^ hamb]h ^f o^s]bllh\
aEl AAA{\hl^ \IE,tD
·lmZ ^ Z lbmnZuZh fZbl \hfnf gZ f^]b]Z ]^ ^li^\mkhl ]^ ^e^mkhgl; jnZg]h iZkm^]h Zalhko^]hk m^kg ]^ l^k ghkfZef^gm^ k^fhob]Z iZkZ i^kfbmbk Z ^qmkZuZh ]hl ^e^mkhgliZkZ Z ZgZebl^ ]Z ^g^k`bZA£^o^?l^ ln[ebgaZk jn^ blmh Zem^kZ `^kZef^gm^ Z _en^g\bZ ]hl^e^mkhgl gh ihgmh ]^ f^]b]ZALhk ^q^fieh; Zjn^e^l ^e^mkhgl k^mkh ^liZeaZ]hl jn^ghkfZef^gm^ l^kbZf ghoZf^gm^ ^liZeaZ]hl iZkZ _k^gm^ gZh ^lmZh bg\enb]hl gZ ·jA ,FAO-]^ob]h Z k^fhuZh ]h fZm^kbZe k^mkh ^liZeaZ]hk; fZl jn^ ^lmZh bg\enb]hl gZ ·jA ,FAN-A·lmZ ]b_^k^guZ ^ ]^lik^sbo^e gZ fZbhkbZ ]Zl Zieb\ZuN^l]hlbf^mkb\Zl ihkjn^ D
gnf^kh ]^ ^e^mkhgl k^mkh ^liZeaZ]hl ^ ghkfZef^gm^ ]^ hk]^gl ]^ `kZg]^sZl f^ghk^ljn^ hl ^e^mkhgl ]bkb`b]hl iZkZ _k^gm^; iZkmb\neZkf^gm^ ^f fZm^kbZbl ]^ gnf^khlZmhfb\hl aZbqhl \hf ^g^k`bZl k^eZmboblmb\ZlA ·f Ze`ngl \Zlhl; lhf^gm^ hl ^e^mkhgl
ymkZglfbmb]hl ]^ nkg i^jn^gh Zg`neh lheb]h Zh k^]hk ]^ nfZ ]bk^uZh { ^ lZ\ nlZ]hl]^ob]h Z Z\^bmZuZh ebfbmZ]Z ]h lblm^fZ ^li^\mkhf^mkb\hAMnZg]h ^ ^lm^ D\Zlh; ih]^ l^k
h[mb]h nkgZ ZikhqbfZTZh [^f [hZ iZkZ Z _en^g\bZ ]^ ^g^k`bZ ]b_^k^g\bZe; aEl AAA{-m. £ZjnbE,O, '
iZkZ _k^gm^; ]^ob]h Z g^\^llb]Z]^ ]^ nfZ lbfieb_b\ZTZh gZ ghmZTZh; Z _en^g\bZ ]^
iZkmb\neZl jn^ ^ ]Z]Z i^eZ ·jA ,FAO-l^kZ ]^ghmZ]Z lbkgie^lkg^gm^ ihk g^·-A
o Bb`A,FAE-Z[Zbqh ^ nkg ^li^\mkh ]^ ^g^k`bZ `^g^kZebsZ]hA
g?D?S
q
'a_PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
D
eklCC<t 0,5?hFeHFZ\\
ekOT<lLJVVVV_.?hFHvA
2ICNB
ENERGIA (UNIDADES ARBITRARIAS)
FiO.(t,J)oS ESPECTROS DE ENERGIA GENERALIZADOS
o _en^g\bZ k^eZmboZ ^ Z k^eZuZh ^gmk^ Z _en^g\bZ ]hl ^e^mkhgl \hf Z ^g^k`bZ· ^ Zjn^eZ ]hl ^e^mkhgl \hf ^g^k`bZ · i DB
\\k
lU
ensAAAAFCDF
2LNB
ENERGIA (UNIDADES ARBITRARIAS)
@a_DR yDs?MJ?=NLIM DE ENERGIA REPRESENTATIVO
FAFAE?LoNoI·PNKO £· ·J·NCEo
Kl oZkbhl iZkZf^mkhl jn^ \ZkZ\m^kbsZfD^li^\mkh lbeh\
E f ·g^k`bZ I^]bZ; ]^_bgb]Zihk\
f f-?.? \?
J f-?. \?
·i e ? Z ^g^k`bZ fZbl ikhoZo^eA? Z ^g^k`eZ \hkk^lihg]^g]h Zh ib\h ]Z]blmkb[nbrZhA
·fZq f o energia maxima ^ Z ^g^k`bZ \hkk^lihg]^g]h Zh ebfbm^ lni^kbhk ]Z^g^k`bZ ]Z ]blmkb[nbrZhA
BSDI ,O^kZ lbf[hebsZ]Z i^eZ e^mkZ `k^`Z k-] HZk`nkZ mhmZe ]Z ]blmkb[nbrZhf^]b]Z gZ f^mZ]^ ]h l^n fZqbfh ,Bnee?Sb]ma Zm DZe_IZqbfnf-A
o Bb`A FAF fhlmkZ hl ^li^\mkhl ]^ ^g^k`bZ k^ik^l^gmZmbohlA£Z ]bk^bmZ iZkZ Z ^ljn^k]Z; m^fhl\Z- ·li^\mkh ]^ ^g^k`bZ ]h Feixe de Etetrons Inicial: I^]b]h Zgm^l ]h _^bq^ lZbk
i^eZ cZg^eZ ]h mn[h ]^ Z\^e^kZrZh ^ Zihl l^k ]^_e^mb]h i^eh Oblm^fZ ]^ £^_e^qZhAHZk`nkZ ]h ^li^\mkh ,BSDI- ^ ]^ghmZ]h ihk kZ;Z ^g^k`bZ fZbl ikhoZo^e ·i;Z ^g^k`bZf^]bZ ·Z ^; fZqbfZ ·fZq;ZA
[- ·li^\mkh ]^ ·g^k`bZ gZ Oni^k_b\b^ ]h ObfneZ]hk\·i;h f ·g^k`bZ fZbl ikhoZo^e gZ Oni^k_b\b^·h f ·g^k`bZ I^]bZ gZ Oni^k_b\b^kh f HZk`nkZ ]h ^li^\mkh ]^ ^g^k`eZ; f^]b]h ^f nkg ihgmh
\hkk^lihg]^gm^ bmAOni^k_b\b^ ]h ObfneZ]hkA
\- ·li^\mkh ]^ ·g^k`bZ ^f nkg ihgmh ]^gmkh ]h ObfneZ]hk·i;h f ·g^k`bZ fZbl ikhoZo^e gZ ikh_ng]b]Z]^ s·s e ·g^k`bZ f^]bZ gZ ikh_ng]b]Z]^ s
is e HZk`nkZ ]h ^li^\mkh f^]b]h gZ ikh_ng]b]Z]^ s
FAFAI?£EOPNErQEsoK £· ·J·NCEo £K B·ET· EJPNEJO·sK. £Kos·H·No£KN
o ]blmkb[nbe]Zh]Z ^g^k`bZ ]h _^bq^ bgmkbgl^\h ]^i^g]^ ]h mbih ]^ Z\^e^kZ]hk ^]h fh]h ]^ bgc^uZh ^ ^qmkZuZhAC^kZef^gm^; Z eZk`nkZ ]^llZ ]blmkb[nbuZh ,^ fnbmZ^lmk^bmZ\ iZkZ hl r^mZmkhgl; k^qA e FD G^o ,Che]pZll^k; ^m \helA-,ER-^; iZkZ hlIb\khmkhgl k^qAe MDG^o ,rkZaf^; ^m \helA-,ES-ALZkZ hl Z\^e^kZ]hk^l ebg^Zk^l ]h mbihhg]Z ^lmZ\bhgZkbZ ,lmZg]bg` pZo^- k^qA^ \^k\Z ]^ ED&]^ ·i;ZA LZkZ hl Z\^e^kZ]hl ]hmbih hg]Z obZcZgm^ ,mkZo^eebg` pZo^-; k^qA ^ N& ]^ ·i;Z V£heiabg ^m \helA,ET-]
P^e_hk]; ^m \helA ,FD-] S^ll^el; ^m \helA ,FE-XAshf[bgZg]h nkg lblm^fZ ]^ _^g]Zl^lmk^bmZl \hf D ^e^mkhbfZ; ^ ihllbo^e k^]nsbk?l^ D ^liZeaZf^gmh ]Z ^g^k`bZ ^fZe`ngl Z\^e^kZ]hk^l Vrkhpg; ,FF-] ^; on\hnmnkb^k; ^m \hel ,FI-XA Lhk hnmkh eZ]h; ^lm^ZkkZgch Znf^gmZkZ ghkfZef^gm^ Z ^g^k`bZf^]bZ ^ ]bfbgnbkbe D ^liZeaZf^gmh ]Z ^g^k`bZ]h _^bq^ ]^ ^e^mkhgl bgb\bZe1 \hfiZkZ]h Zjn^e^ ]h _^bq^ bgmkbgl^\h; ]^bqZg]h Zbg]ZbgZem^kZ]Z Z ^g^k`bZ fZbl ikhobeo^eAKnmkhl lblm^fZl ]^ fZgbineZuZh ]h _^bq^ lZh^li^\bZef^gm^ ]^l^gaZ]Zl ]^ fh]h Z Z\^bmZk^f oZkbZuh^l [^f `kZg]^l ]Z ^g^k`bZ]ihk ^q^fieh; D sistema de deflexiio acromatico de 2700
, jn^ _Zs \hf jn^ l^cZfb`nZbl Zl ]blmkb[nbuh^l ]^ ^g^k`bZ ]hl _^bq^l bgmkbgl^\h ^ bgb\bZeA
CB V tBB W aEBC ]E(
s s umBZ [ \
' B?@a_DIBs IM NL?M NCJIM JLCH=CJodM >? CGoM >?
- I
>?@F?RoI OMo>IM HIM o=?F?Lo>IL?Ms o ILCBCNo HIGCHoF JoLo o ?H?LACo GoCM JLIC
, I
DPoP?FB ?hg ? CH>C=o>o J?Fo FCHBo NLoCI
vH CJIHNI ? oM ILt C NoM JoLo oM ?H?LA CoMG?HIL?M ? GoCIL?M KO? ?hg ?MNoI CH>C=oC>oM J?FoM FCHBoM =IG J?KO?HIM ? FIHAIMNLo=IMB L?MJ?=NCPoG?HN?D -H. ? -Z.B =oGJIMB B BGoA H?N C=I MOH C @IL G?MD -[. =o GJI GoA H?N C=I=IG OG ALo>C?HN? HILGoF Ho tIL>o >I
R - . I
=oGJID HIN? KO? ?MN? ? OG CGo o=LIGoNCCTm1
,.- B^bq^ Egmkbgl^\h ^ H _^bq^ ]^gmkh ]Z `nbZ ]^ hg]Z ^ Zgm^l ]h lblm^fZ fZ`g^mb\h]^ ]^_e^qZhA B^bq^ ]^ ^e^mkhgl bgb\bZe ^ D _^bq^ Zihl Z ]^_e^qZh i^eh lblm^fZfZ`g^mb\h ^ Zgm^l ]Z cZg^eZ ]^ lZb]ZA
·qblm^kg mk^l mbihl ikbg\biZbl ]^ ^e^mkhbkgZl ]^ ]^_e^qZh (bending maquets) jn^ m^kg
\ZkZ\m^kblmb\Zl ]b_^k^gm^lA ol ]b_^k^grZl l^kZh kgZbl ikhgng\bZ]Zl jnZg]h ^ Zemh H
^liZeaZkg^gmh ]Z ^g^k`bZ ]h _^bq^ bgmkbgl^\hAJhl ^e^mkhbkgZl ]^ TDH ,]^lobZf Z ]bk^rZh
]h _^bq^ bgb\bZe ]^ TDD- \hf nkg \Zfih fZ`g^mb\h ngb_hkf^ ,Bb`AFAI;Z- hl ^e^mkhgl ]^
ZemZ ^ [ZbqZ ^g^k`bZ ^f^k`^f ]h ^e^mkhbfZ; ^f ihlbrh^l ^ Zg`nehl ]b_^k^gm^lA Jhl
^e^mkhbfZl ]^ FRDH \hf nkg \Zfih ngb_hkf^ ,Bb`AFAI;[- ZikhikbZ]hl Zg`nehl ]ZA_Z\^
iheZk; ^f^k`^f ]h ^e^mkhbfZ; \hgo^k`bg]h iZkZ nkg ihgmh; Zf[hl hl ^e^mkhgl ^f^k`^f ]^
ZemZ ^ [ZbqZ ^g^k`bZA Jhl ^e^mkhbfZl ]^ FRDD \hf nkg \^kmh `kZ]b^gm^ ]h \Zfih
fZ`g^mb\h ,Bb`AFAI;\- ,·g`^-,FM-; hl ^e^mkhgl ]^ ZemZ ^ [ZbqZl ^g^k`bZl ^f^k`^f ]h
^e^mkhbkgZ; gh kg^lfh ihgmh ^ \hf H kg^lfh Zg`nehA GZksfZkd ^ L^kbg` ,FN- ]Zh
bg_hkfZrh^l bfihkmZgm^l lh[k^ hl ^e^mkhbfZl ]^ ]^_e^qZh iZkZ hl Z\^e^kZ]hk^l ebg^Zk^l ]^
^e^mkhgl \ebgb\hlA o]^fZbl; Z bg_en^g\bZ ]h ]^l^gah ^ ]h Zcnlm^ ]h lblm^fZ Oimb\h ]h
_^bq^ ^ ]Zl ikhikb^]Z]^l ]h _^bq^ bgmkbgl^\h ]h Z\^e^kZ]hk; gZl \ZkZ\m^kblmb\Zl ]h _^bq^
m^kZi^nmb\h; ih]^f l^k mZf[^f k^]nsb]hl; jnZg]h lZ£ nlZ]hl \hf _heaZl ]^^liZeaZf^gmh iZkZ ieZgZk D _^bq^A ·lm^ ^_^bmh ^ h[mb]h jnZg]h Zl _heaZl ]^^liZeaZf^gmh lZ£ mZh ^li^llZl jn^ Zl ]blmkb[nbrh^l ]^ ^g^k`bZ ^ Zg`neZk ]hl _^bq^lbgb\bZbl lZ£ ZeZk`Z]Zl ln[lmZg\bZef^gm^A
FAFAM? £EOPNErQEsoK £· ·J·NCEo Jo OQL·NBbsE· £K OEIQHo£KN
o ]blmkb[nbrZh ]^ ^g^k`bZ gZ lni^k_b\b^ ]h ObfneZ]hk ^ bg_en^g\bZ]Z ikbg\biZef^gm^i^ehl fZm^kbZbl jn^ ^qblm^f ^gmk^ Z cZg^eZ ]^ oZ\nh ]h Z\^e^kZ]hk ^ Z lni^k_b\b^A oli^k]Zl ]^ ^g^k`bZl ]hl ^e^mkhgl g^lm^l fZm^kbZbl ]^leh\Zf Z ]blmkb[nbrZh ]^ ^g^k`bZiZkZ Zl [ZbqZl ^g^k`bZl ^ Zl _enmnZrh^l ]Z i^k]Z ]^ ^g^k`bZ ZeZk`Zf D ^li^\mkh ]^ ^g^k`bZ
,Bb`AFAFA[-Aollbf; Zik^l^gmZfhl Z l^`nbk nkg k^lnfh ]Z bg_en^g\bZ ]Zjn^e^l fZm^kbZbl^gmk^ Z cZg^eZ ^ Z lni^k_b\b^A
LZkZ h[m^k?l^ _^bq^l ]^ ^e^mkhgl ]^ ZemZ jnZeb]Z]^ iZkZ kZ]bhm^kZibZ; D _^bq^ ]^^e^mkhgl bgb\bZef^gm^ eb[^kZ]h i^eh lblm^fZ Omb\h ]h _^bq^ ]^o^ l^k Z\aZmZ]h iZkZ ]Zk
nkg \Zfih ]^ kZ]bZrZh eZk`h ngb_hkf^A OZh nmbebsZ]hl oZkbhl f^mh]hl ]^ ZieZgZk hl_^bq^l ]^ ^e^mkhglA Qkg ]hl f^mh]hl fZbl lbfie^l ^ \hfnf nmbebsZ _heaZl ]^^liZeaZf^gmh ]^ Zemh gnf^kh Zmhfb\h ,Cng] ^ O\abm^ga^f- ,FO-; ,PnkZgh; ^m \hel-,FR-],Hh^obg`^k; ^m \helA-,FS-] ,KdnfnkZ; ^m \hel-,FT-] ,NZllhp-,ID-] ,rkZaf^-,IE-]
,r^g^]^mmb-,IF-] ,KlfZg-,II-] ,r^k`^k ^ O^ems^k-,IM-AQkg ]hl f^mh]hl fZbl k^_bgZ]hlbg\en^f Z ]^l_h\ZebsZrZh fZ`g^mb\Z ]h _^bq^ i^eZl bg\ebgZrh^l ZcnlmZo^bl ]hl iOEDl
,Dlb^a ^ QaefZgg-,IN-] bfZl ]^ oZkk^]nkZ ,OdZ``l; ^m \hel-,IO-; jnZmkh iOEDl^e^mkhfZ`g^mb\hl ]^ oZkk^]nkZ ]h _^bq^ ,on\hnmnkb^k; ^m \hel-,IR-] fhobf^gmhl
i^g]neZk^l ]^ i^jn^gh Zg`neh ]h Z\^e^kZ]hk ,NZllhp-,IS-; ]b_nlhk^l ]^
]^l_h\ZebsZrZh ]h _^bq^ ,Oab`^fZmln ^ DZrZfb-,IT-; ^ _bemkhl ]^ ieZgnkZ ]Z ]hl^ikh_ng]Z ,rkZaf^ Op^gllhg-,MD-A·lm^l nembfhl f^mh]hl _hkZf ]^l^goheob]hl iZkZlni^kZk Z i^k]Z \hglb]^kZo^e ]^ ^g^k`bZ; H ^liZeaZf^gmh ]Z ^g^k`bZ ^ Z \hgmZfbgZrZh]^ _Omhgl jnZg]h ^ nlZ]Z nfZ ngb\Z _heaZ ]^ ^liZeaZf^gmh iZkZ ieZgZk nkg _^bq^ ]^^e^mkhglA
£^l]^ hl Zghl OD;m^kg lb]h nlZ]Zl ^f r^mZmkhgl; _heaZl ]^ ^liZeaZf^gmh a^f
ikhihk\bhgZ]Zl iZkZ f^eahkZk Z iEZgnkZ bgb\bZe h[mb]Z gZ iZk^]^ ]h doughnut ^ gh
\Zfih ]^ _kZgcZl ]h bfZ ,shoZ; ^m \hel-,ME-],Oo^gllhg-,MF-] ,Ghseho ^ Oablaho-,MI-A
h f^mh]h jn^ nmbebsZ ]nZl _heaZl ]^ ^liZeaZf^gmh l^iZkZ]Zl ih]^ l^k \hglb]^kZo^ef^gm^f^eahkZ]h i^eZ l^e^rZh ]Z ^li^llnkZ ZikhikbZ]Z ^ ]h i^k_be kZ]bZe ]Zl _heaZl ]^^liZeaZf^gmh; iZkmb\neZkf^gm^ jnZg]h D _^bq^ ]^ ^E^mkhgl ^ ]^ lbf^mkbZ \bebg]kb\Z,rkZaf^-,MM-],OZg]a^k- ,MN-],rcZf`Zk]; ^m \hel-,MO-],oahp?IZg]hnk ^ DZk]^k-,MR-],rkZaf^ ^ Oo^gllhg-,eS-Ashf D^fik^`h ]^ nkg l^`ng]h ^liZeaZ]hk \^gmkZe ,o^k Bb`AFAM-;ih]^f l^k ikh]nsb]hl _^bq^l ngb_hkf^l \hf Z ^li^llnkZ mhmZe ]Z _heaZ jnZl^ ]^ nfZhk]^f ]^ fZ`gbmn]^ fZbl _bgZ jn^ Zjn^eZ nlZ]Z \hf nfZ ,fb\Z _heaZ ]^ ^liZeaZf^gmhAElmh ^ oZgmZchlh ihkjn^ ^ k^]nsb]Z Z i^k]Z ^ ^liZeaZf^gmh ]Z ^g^k`bZ ]h _^bq^ ]hZ\^e^kZ]hk; \hf \ZkZ\m^kblmb\Zl k^lnemZgm^l f^eahkZ]Zl ]^ ]hl^ ikh_ng]Z ^ nkg Znf^gmhlbfnemZg^h ]Z mZqZ ]^ ]hl^ ^ ngb_hkfb]Z]^ ]Z ^g^k`bZ ,rkZaf^ -,IE-] rkZaf^ ^Oo^gllhg,ES-A JZ Bb`A FAM^lmZh benlmkZ]Zl ^ljn^fZmb\Zf^gm^ hl mk^l mbihlikbg\biZbl ]^ `^hf^mkbZl ]^ ^liZeaZf^gmh ]hl _^bq^l ]^ ^e^mkhglA? \eZkh jn^ lhf^gm^ Zlm^\gb\Zl ]^ ]nieZl _heaZl lZg \ZiZs^l ]^ ikh]nsbk _^bq^l ]^ ngb_hkfb]Z]^ i^k_^bmZ ]^l]^jn^ ^lmZl gZh ^lm^cZf k^lmkbmZl Z ]blmkb[nbrZh ]^ _en^g\bZ CZnllbZgZ lbfie^lAoe^f]bllh; Zl m^\gb\Zl ]^ ]nieZl _heaZl nlZf D _^bq^ ]^ ^e^mkhgl fZbl ^_^mboZf^gm^ ihkjn^f^ghl ^e^mkhgl lZg i^k]b]hl gZ iZkm^ ^qm^fZ ]h _^bq^ nmbe; jn^; ihk lnZ o^s; lbfieb_b\ZZ\hebfZrZhA
"(-
_>ofR1?AltRAlR
R
_>ofR"
BVTD=URAlRTV=CARo
.
_>ofR R=VoRA1RASlCARAlRM,
11111"
1BM~11
_IHBEB(KAV?AVBV=CR"R> VB@DVtRClTR U>B CAVBCl?>B ?Al=Tl?RJB UV eV>tVCAlRB UV ?oR=DL1 LAR U> _VlFV UV VoVCA>=B =>B @DRlB BR>"''DBRU>B RB _>ofRB UV VB?RofRtV=C>B CRtLSVt VBCR> l=UlTRU>B >B CRtR=f>B V o>LTRolGRTN>VB R?1A>FltRURB URB _>=CVB V_VLClERB U>B VoVCA>=B ,BEV=BB>= V SARftV1,DMIH-N SARftV1 ,DMII-B RB oD=fRBP l=CVALA>t"lURB l=UlTRt 'RB UlBCAlSDlON>VB URB_oDV=TlRB =R RDBV=TlR U>B1 T>oltRU>AVBV=@DR=C> @DV RB ol=fRB B>olURB t>BCARt& ~RB UlBCAlSDl">VB URB _oDV=TlRB T>t C T>LoltRU>AB
o ^l\heaZ ]h fZm^kbZe iZkZ Zl _heaZl ]^ ^liZeaZf^gmh ^ Z lnZ ^li^llnkZ ^
bfihkmZgm^ ihkjn^ ^eZl Z_^mZf Z jnZgmb]Z]^ ]Z ]^`kZ]ZuZh ]Z ^g^k`bZ h[mb]Z gh _^bq^
m^kZi^nmb\h _bgZeAC^kZef^gm^; Z ^li^llnkZ ]Z _heaZ ^ ^l\heab]Z ]^ fh]h Z ]Zk nkg \^kmhZg`neh jnZ]gbmb\h f^]bh ]^ ^liZeaZf^gmh ]hl ^e^mkhgl mkZglfbmb]hl jn^ ikh]nsbkZhnkg _^bq^ ]^ ngb_hkfb]Z]^ ln_b\b^gm^ ,o^k k^_^k^g\bZ ES-A£h nlh ]Zl _heaZl mZf[^fk^lnemZf Zl i^k]Zl ]^ ^g^k`bZl ihk kZ]bZuZh ^ \heblZh; ^ D Znf^gmh ]h ^liZeaZf^gmh ]^^g^k`bZ ]hl ^e^mkhglAo jnZgmb]Z]^ ]^ \Z]Z nfZ ]^lmZl i^k]Zl ihk ngb]Z]^ ]h Zg`nehjnZ]gbmb\h f^]bh ^ ]Z]h gZ Bb`AFAN\hfh nfZ _ngrZh ]h gnf^kh Zmhfb\h; U; ]Z _heaZiZkZ ^e^mkhgl ]^ FDI^RA
.A .AZl oZehk^l ]^ (dE / de) \heA (dE / de) kZ] OZ£ h[mb]hl k^li^\mboZf^gm^ i^ehl
jnh\b^gm^l ]^ ,]·C]q-\he ,I^oC`A\f?F- ,]·C]q-kZ] \hf hl oZehk^l ]hl ih]^k^l ]^^liZeaZf^gmh\
.AdeT / P e ,ECp)[ - ] ,kZ]FC`A\f?F-
dx
·qik^llh^l iZkZ hl \Ze\nehl ]^lmZl `kZg]^sZl ,ih]^k^l ]^ _k^Zf^gmh ^^liZeaZf^gmh- lZh ]Z]hl; cngmZf^gm^ \hf mZ[^eZl gh N^ihkm IN; EsNQ;,EI-; ^f _bfuZh
.A]^ UA (dE / d 0)rot ^ Z lhfZ ]^lm^l ]hbl oZehk^l iZkZ \Z]Z oZehk ]^ UA Dm^kfh
.A,]_( Cd E»COI ^ D "lmkZ``ebg`" ]^ ^g^k`bZ i^eZl \heblh^l ^ ^ [Zl^Z]h gZ m^hkbZ ]^
HZg]Zn ,MS-Ao i^k]Z ]^ ^g^k`bZ ihk kZ]bZrZh ihk Zg`neh jnZ]kZmb\h f^]bh i^kfZg^\^ikZmb\Zf^gm^ \hglmZgm^ bg]^i^g]^gm^ ]h gnf^kh Zmhfb\h ]Z _heaZ ]^ ^liZeaZf^gmh; fZl Zi^k]Z ]^ ^g^k`bZ fZbl ikhoZo^e ^ D "lmkZ``ebg`" ]^ ^g^k`bZ Znf^gmZf kZib]Zf^gm^jnZg]h lZh nlZ]hl fZm^kbZbl ]^ gnf^kh Zmhfb\h [ZbqhAo \hgmZfbgZuZh ]^"bremsstrahlung" Zbg]Z i^kfZg^\^kZ ZikhqbfZ]Zf^gm^ \hglmZgm^ lh[ ^lmZl \hg]brh^lfZl D Ze\Zg\^ ikZmb\h ^ D Ze\Zg\^ m^kZi^nmb\h ,]^_bgb]hl ihlm^kbhkf^gm^- Znf^gmZkZh\hf D Znf^gmh ]h gnf^kh Zmhfb\h jnZg]h ]bfbgn^f D "lmkZ``ebg`" ^ Z i^k]Z ]^^g^k`bZ fZbl ikhoZo^e ,Cng] ^ O\abmm^ga^ef-,FO-],Hh^obg`^k; ^m \hel- ,FS-] ,rkZaf^ ^Oo^gllhg- ,ES-
H(?D RHDDDDlsels
'C OH
QCCHe>?D ',H
MH -\?.CfCig\\MF
q@a_DMDPo J?L>o >o ?H?LACo NINoF U-\?. kgko\M
M.W B
o J?L>o >? ?H?LACo JIL =IFCMoIB U-\?.=ICFr\sU.B
o J?L>o >? ?H?LACo Lo>CoNCPoB Ur\?.ig\E\TMWB ?
g 'MNLoAAFCHA' >? ?H?LACo JIL =IFCMI?MBs o '
Ur\J.[ICE\MWB JIL oHAOFI KOo>LoNC=I G?>CIB ?
OHCNoLCI >? ?MJoFBoG?HNIB =IGI OGo @OHe_oIB A?
>I HOG?LI oNIGC=I >I GoN?LCoF ?MJoFBo>ILBJoLo ? F?NLIHM >? MH G]P -tLoBG?B IUSM.D
FAFAN?LoNoI·PNKO £· ·J·NCEo Jo OQL·NBbsE· £K OEIQHo£KN
Kl iZkZf^mkhl ]^ ^g^k`bZ fZbl k^e^oZgm^l gZ lni^k_b\b^ ]h lbfneZ]hk ih]^f l^k
ZoZebZ]Zl Z iZkmbk ]hl iZkZf^mkhl ]^ ^g^k`bZ ]h _^bq^ ]^ ^e^mkhgl bgb\bZe l^ lZh
\hga^\b]Zl Zl \hfihlbuh^l Zmhfb\Zl ^ ^li^llnkZl ]hl fZm^kbZbl gh _^bq^ ob\^?o^klZA
·i;b ,^g^k`bZ fZbl ikhoZo^e gh ^li^\mkh ]^ ^g^k`bZ f^]b]h gZ lni^k_b\b^ ]h lbfneZ]hk- ^h[mb]h i^eZ ln[mkZuZh ]^ ·i;Z ,^g^k`bZ fZbl ikhoZo^e iZkZ D^li^\mkh ]^ ^g^k`bZ ]h _^bq^
Zgm^l ]Z cZg^eZ ]^ lZb]Z ]h Z\^e^kZ]hk-; Z lhfZ ]^ mh]Zl Zl i^k]Zl ]^ ^g^k`bZ fZbl
ikhoZo^e h\hkkb]Zl gZl \ZfZ]Zl ]^ fZm^kbZ ZmkZo^llZ]Z i^eh _^bq^A£^l]^ jn^ Z i^k]Z
]^ ^g^k`bZ fZbl ikhoZo^e gZ \ZfZ]Z g ^ [^f kZshZo^ef^gm^ ZikhqbfZ]Z ]Z i^k]Z ]^
^g^k`bZ \heblbhgZef^]bZ; ,Hbee-\he g gZ \ZfZ]Z g; Z k^eZuZhB
·i;h e ·i;b ? H,'\-\he;g
^ _k^jn^gm^f^gm^ nlZ]Z \hfh nfZ ZikhqbfZuZhiZkZ h[m^k?l^ ·i;hA
o ^g^k`bZ f^]bZ gZ lni^k_b\b^; Eo ih]^ l^k h[mb]Z Z iZkmbk ]Z Ea ,^g^k`bZ f^]bZ
]h ^li^\mkh ]^ ^g^k`bZ ]h _^bq^ Zgm^l ]Z cZg^eZ ]^ lZb]Z ]h Z\^e^kZ]hk- ln[mkZbg]h ]^lmZnembfZ Zl i^k]Zl ]^ ^g^k`bZ f^]bZ mhmZe ]^\hkkb]Zl ^f mh]hl hl fZm^kbZbl jn^ l^^g\hgmkZf ^gmk^ Z iZkm^ ^qm^fZ ]Z cZg^eZ ,bg\enbg]h Z cZg^eZ- ^ Z lni^k_b\b^ ]h lbfneZ]hk;hn l^cZ\
Eo f E] ? L(AE)tot fB
hg]^ ,o·-mhm g ^ Z i^k]Z ]Z ^g^k`bZ f^]bZ mhmZe gZ \ZfZ]Z g; blmh ^; Z lhfZ ]ZlBi^k]Zl ]^ ^g^k`bZ ihk \heblZh ^ ihk kZ]bZuZhA
g ^liZeaZf^gmh ]Z ^g^k`bZ gZ lni^k_b\b^ ]h lbfneZ]hk; kh^ \hf[bgZ]h ]Zl obekbZl\hgmkb[nbuh^l ^ ih]^ l^k ^lmbfZ]h ]Z k^eZuZh\
hg]^ kb ^ D ^liZeaZf^gmh ]^ ^g^k`bZ ]h _^bq^ Zgm^l ]Z cZg^eZ ]^ lZb]Z ]h Z\^e^kZ]hk ^kgbg]b\Z D^liZeaZf^gmh ]Z ^g^k`bZ ]^ob]h Zl _heaZl; Zk ^ hnmkhl fZm^kbZbl gh _^bq^Ak g ih]^l^k \Ze\neZ]h ihk ,HZg]Zn-,MS-A
o·i =_Pf K
f
,FAFAM-
hn; ZikhqbfZg]h Hbeei ff Hbee\he; ·jA ,FAFAI-;mhfZ?l^\
i e iw A L (M)col,nh I k
f
hg]^ Gg ^ nkg _Zmhk Z]kg^glbhgZe ^; Z PZ[AFAFAEZ[Zbqh kghlmkZ Ze`ngl oZehk^l iZkZ ^lm^_Zmhk\
?-/27- cScSaS P - =-O-KC GC 29?=2 - ;2=J- 1- 292=46- 8-6> ;=KM-A27C A 2L~ 2 _
2>;275-829?: 1- 292=46-C r ; 0:8:123269H1: ;27- 2<@-0-K -cScSo. Q
Ep(MeV)
Berilio :9 C:E D-IO C L E-9
Poliestireno :9 C:E D-I
Carbono E9 D-:A9 C-L
Aluminio :9 C:E D-AA9 CF9 D-9
Cobre :-E CC-F C-9:9 C:E C-E
Ouro :9 C :E A-A
cSl P-;=2>29?-0-: 1- 292=46- 1:> 272?=:9>
ol ]blmkb[nbrh^l ]^ ]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z ^ hnmkhl ]Z]hl ]h _^bq^ lhf^gm^ ih]^f l^klb`gb_b\Zmbohl l^ hl iZkZf^mkhl ]^ ^g^k`bZ nlZ]hl lZg \eZkZf^gm^ ^li^\b_b\Z]hlAQkgk^lnfh ]hl ]b_^k^gm^l iZkZf^mkhl ]^ ^g^k`bZ ^ ]^ Ze`nfZl ]^ lnZl k^eZuh^l ^ ]Z]h gZ Bb`AFAFA
MnZg]h ^ Zik^l^gmZ]h nkg ikh\^]bf^gmh ]^ bkkZ]bZuZh kZ]bhm^gbib\h; ]^o^ l^k
]Z]h Z ^g^k`bZ gZ lni^k_b\b^ ]h lbfneZ]hk Ep,o ^ \hfnf^gm^ nlZ]Z; ihkjn^ ^lmZ
`kZg]^sZ ^ lbfie^l ]^ f^]bk Z iZkmbk ]Zl k^eZuh^l ]^ ^g^k`bZ?Ze\Zg\^A ollbf; iZkZ
ngb_hkfb]Z]^; Ep,o ^ k^\hf^g]Z]Z iZkZ Z ^li^\b_b\ZuZh ]Zl \nkoZl ]^ blh]hl^ ^ ]hl^
ikh_ng]ZAMnZg]h ^ g^\^llZkbh ^li^\b_b\Zk \hf fZbl ]^mZea^ Z i^g^mkZuZh bgm^glZ ]h _^bq^]^ ^e^mkhgl; Ep,o gZh ^ ln_b\b^gm^ \hfh nkg ngb\h iZkZf^mkh ihkjn^ Z bg\ebgZuZh ]Z \nkoZ ]^
]hl^ ikh_ng]Z ih]^ oZkbZk \hglb]^kZo^ef^gm^ iZkZ nfZ ]Z]Z Ep,o' o ^g^k`bZ fZbl
ikhoZo^e gZ lni^k_b\b^ ]^o^ l^k \hfie^f^gmZ]Z i^eh Ze\Zg\^ m^kZi^nmb\h; Nm ; blmh ^; DZe\Zg\^ ]Zl ikh_ng]b]Z]^l iZkZ mkZmZf^gmh \hf kZ]bZuZh jn^ ^lmZ k^eZ\bhgZ]Z \hf nkg
\^kmh fo^e ]^ ]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z ,o^k sZiA N; O^\ANAFAF?E-Aoem^fZmboZf^gm^; iD hn Eo
ih]^f l^k nlZ]hl; ihkjn^ cngmhl \hf Ep,o , ih]^f ^lmbfZk D oZehk ]^ Nm ,o^k sZiAM-A
·f ]hlbf^mkbZ; ,o^k oi^g]b\^ E- hl _Zmhk^l ]^ \Zeb[kZuZh ]^i^g]^gm^l ]Z^g^k`bZ; lZg `^kZef^gm^ f^eahk^l k^eZ\bhgZ]hl \hf Z ^g^k`bZ f^]bZALZkZ ^lm^ ikhihlbmh; Z
^g^k`bZ f^]bZ gZ lni^k_b\b^; Eo' ^ fZbl nmb~ihkjn^ ^lmZ ih]^ l^k nlZ]Z iZkZ \Ze\neZk Z
^g^k`bZ f^]bZ; Ez, gZ ikh_ng]b]Z]^ ]^ bgm^k^ll^ gh lbfneZ]hk ,o^k oi^g]b\^ E-; hg]^lZg ^_^mnZ]Zl Zl f^]b]Zl ]hlbf^mkb\ZlA
InbmZl o^s^l; ^ \hgo^gb^gm^; ,EsNQ-,ET-; ]Zk nkg ngb\h iZkZf^mkh ]^ ^g^k`bZ gh\hglhe^ ]h Z\^e^kZ]hkA·lm^ iZkZf^mkh ^ Ep,a , Z ^g^k`bZ fZbl ikhoZo^e ]h Z\^e^kZ]hk Zgm^l
]Z cZg^eZ ]^ lZb]Z ]h _^bq^; ihkjn^ ^lm^ ^ bg]^i^g]^gm^ ]Z ^l\heaZ ]Z _heaZ ]^^liZeaZf^gmhAMnZg]h ih]^ l^k oZkbZ]Z Z _heaZ ]^ ^liZeaZf^gmh iZkZ nfZ ]Z]Z lbmnZuZh
]^ ^g^k`bZ ]h Z\^e^kZ]hk; lZg h[mb]hl oZehk^l ]b_^k^gm^l ]^ E ^ E iZkZ Z f^lfZp,o 0
A.D- BlIDeDH el Blese\ e\ lClGos\
A.D.? - sCIGDeJa\DO
CR VdaVTZWZTRlR UR bfR]ZURUVUV fc_ WVZiV UV V]Vec`_d, V R]eR^V_eV UVdV[RgV]fc_T`_YVTZ^V_e` T`^a]Ve` U` VdaVTec` UV V_VcXZR. HV ; VdaR]YR^V_e` UV V_VcXZR V aVbfV_`,` VdeRSV]VTZ^V_e` UV f^R URd V_VcXZRd RTZ^RUVdTcZeRda`UV dVc ; dfWZTZV_eV aRcR `dac`aFdZe`d URU`dZ^VecZR UV V]Vec`_d.
Dd ^Ve`U`d XVcRZd fdRU`daRcR ^VUZc `d VdaVTec`d UV V_VcXZR U`d V]Vec`_d UVR]eR V_VcXZR dR` ; VdaVTec`^Vec` ^RX_VeZT` 'HZVXSRY_('DN(R ]ReeZdeR']D( V ;
VdaVTec`^Vec` UV TZ_eZ]RlRUV RSd`clRe`eR]'gVc a. Vi, nVZde, Ve T`]d'E;(.
ERcR V]Vec`_d RSRZiUV f_d a`fT`dBVK, a`UV dVc fdRU fc_ UVeVTe`c dV^ZT`_Ufe`cT`^` fc_ VdaVTec`^Vec` UV RSd`clR`e`eR]T`^ f^R cVd`]flR`UR`cUV^ UV ?". ERcR RdV_VcXZRd ^RZd SRZiRdbfV D,]BVK, V ; R_R]ZdRU`cV]Vec`deReZT`, ; ^Ve`U` T`^f^V_eVfdRU aRcR^VUZc `d VdaVTec`d UV V_VcXZR.
Dd aRcR^Vec`d UV V_VcXZR U` WVZiV eR^SV^ a`UV^ dVc ^VUZU`d R aRceZc U`d~]Z^ZRcVd~ 'eYcVdY`]U( aRcR Rd cVRl`Vd _fT]VRcVddVT. 'A.D.A(`faV]RV^ZddR` UR cRUZRlR`
UV,aVcV_\`g 'A.D.C(. C`d ac`TVUZ^V_e`d U`dZ^VecZT`d fdRU`daRcRR TR]ZScRlR`U`d WVZiVdeVcRaVfeZT`d, dR` dfWZTZV_eVd Rd cV]Rl`Vd V^aZcZTRdR]TR_TV-V_VcXZRdVT. 'A.D.D(. E`UV dVcVdeZ^RU` fc_ gR]`cUV f; RaRceZc UV f^R ^VUZUR U` XcRUZV_eV UV U`dV _`c^R]ZkRU` d`ST`_UZl`Vd aRUc`_ZkRURd, T`^` ^`decRU` a`c ']cRY^V V HgV_dd`_( '?M('RS`cURU _`
aRa. D(.CR HVT. 'A.A( V ^`decRU` bfV `d aRcR^Vec`d UR V_VcXZR _R [R_V]RU` RTV]VcRU`c V
_R dfaVcWZTZV U` dZ^f]RU`c VdeR` cV?RTZ`_RURda`c VbfRl`Vd dZ^a]Vd. BRZ`cVd Z_W`c^Rl`Vd
d`ScV `d ^Ve`U`d UV ^VUZUR UR V_VcXZR RbfZTZeRU`d,; ]VZe`c UVgVcR cVT`ccVc R`GVa`ce
CE, saGJ,'N(.
A.D.A- lClGos\H ·sBs\GlH e\H Gl\aDlH CJa·l\GlH 'IrGlHrD·elClGoslH(
\ Z_eVcRlR`UV fc_ WFe`_ `f V]Vec`_ T`^ fc_ _fT]V Re`^ZT`a`UV cVdf]eRc_RV^ZddR`UV fc_ `f ^RZd _fT]V`_d V RTcZRlRUV fc_ _fT]V` cRUZ`ReZg`.\ cVRlR`_fT]VRca`UV dVc UVeVTeRURRecRgVdU` UVTRZ^V_e` UVdeV ^Ve`U`. \ V_VcXZR ]Z^ZRc,&"(
aRcR f^R cVRlR` _fT]VRcV URUR,Rac`iZ^RUR^V_eV, aV]RUZWVcV_lR V_ecV RV_VcXZR UVcVa`fd` U` _fT]V R]g V RbfV]RU` _fT]V cVdZUfR]V U`d_fT]V`_dV^ZeZU`d
EV]R RgR]ZRlRTfZURU`dRU`dURU`dURVdaVTec`dT`aZRUV ^RddRV URdV_VcXZRd URdcVRl`Vd _fT]VRcVd'lgV]j_ Ve T`]d('E?(,'BReeR_TY Ve T`]d('EA(R'LRadecR V o`gV('EC(R'·VUVcVc V HYZc]Vj('ED(,RdV_VcXZRd UV cVa`fd`UV ^fZe`d_fT]V`ddR T`_YVTZU`dT`^ f^RViReZUR`fZe` R]eR.ERcRV_VcXZRd ]Z^ZRcVdXcR_UVd, fc_ eVc^` UV T`ccVlR`, .E;%FA%JJ%`_UV ^e
V R^RddRU` _fT]V`R]g`,e`c_R-dV Z^a`ceR_eV V UVgVcR dVc RUZTZ`_RUR` .E;J IRZdgR]`cVd
]Z^ZRcVda`UV^ dVc fdRU`daRcRUVeVc^Z_Rc R V_VcXZR ^RiZ^R UV fc_ WFe`_ U` WVZiV UVV]Vec`_d']V_UV], Ve T`]d('EE(R'oV]]Vc Ve T`]d('EF(R'·R_URf('EI(.
J^R R^`decRZccRUZRURT`^ V]Vec`_d UV V_VcXZR ViTVUV_U` .E; eR^SV^ dR Z_UfkZURd
RdcVRl`Vd _fT]VRcVdUZcVeR^V_eV aV]`d V]Vec`_d 'a. Vi. aV]R cVRlR` 'V, V&_( `f aV]`dWFe`_d UV !,C7>DDEC2;=FA:!ac`UfkZU`d_R R^`decR 'a. Vi. aV]R cVRlR` "H % _(. \dT`_ecZSfZl`VdcV]ReZgRdUVdeV ac`TVdd`daRcRReRiRUV cVRlR`UVaV_UV URV_VcXZR U` V]Vec`_,V U` _f^Vc` Re`^ZT`V VdaVddfcRURR^`decR.a`_efU`, R^SRdRd cVRl`Vd eVc_ R^Vd^RV_VcXZR ]Z^ZeV, V _R` V _VTVddRc] V]Z^Z_Rcf^R`f`fecR_Rd^VUZURdURV_VcXZR U` V]Vec`_.
\ IRS.A.DT`_eV^ `d gR]`cVd UR V_VcXZR ]Z^ZRc aRcRR]Xf_d ReVcZRZdT`^f_d^fZeRdgVkVd fdRU`daRcRRdUVeVc^Z_Rl`Vd UR V_VcXZR. l^ RTcVdTZ^`,eR^SV^ URURdRd^fUR_lRd RScfaeRdURTfcgRUV ReZgRlR '~bfVScRd~(.IRZd~bfVScRd~a`UV^ dVcUVeVc^Z_RURd bfR_U`V VdecVZeRR UZdecZSfZlR`UR V_VcXZR, ^Rd a`UV dVc VdbfVTZURdaRcRf^RUZdecZSfZlR`RXfR.\]V^ UZdd`,RdV_VcXZRd ^RiZ^RdU`dWFe`_d V U`d V]Vec`_d a`UV^UVWVcZc _R R^`decR UV ReZgRlR`,T`^` RTZ^RUZdTfeZU`,UR_U` dfcXZ^V_e` R ~bfVScRdRaRcV_eVd~. ; TfZURUUVgV dVc acReZTRU`,aRcR bfV f^R ~bfVScR~URV_VcXZR _R` dV[RZ_eVcacVeRUR T`^` R V_VcXZR ]Z^ZRc.; ac`TVUZ^V_e` acReZT cVbfVc bfV fc_ _f^Vc` UVR^`decRdZUV_eZTRddV[R^ WVZeRdUV ^ReVcZR]R]g`.aRURf^RURdR^`decRdV ZccRUZRURaV]R^V d^R W]fV_TZR,T`^` Z_UZTRU`aV]` ^`_Ze`c, ^Rd T`^ f^R V_VcXZR UV V]Vec`_dUZWVcV_eVd V V ^VUZUR R cRUZ`ReZgZURUVZ_UfkZURUV TRURR^`decRd. Dd eV^a`d aRcRRZccRUZRlRV aRcR RT`_eRXV^, SV^ T`^` RbfV]VaRcRRecR_dWVcV_TZR UR R^`decR, dR`^R_eZU`d T`_deR_eVdRecRgVdU` ViaVcZ^V_e`. ; ]Z^ZRc V Z_UZTRUaV]` a`_e` V^ bfV ;
C C Bp a R T o D
TRpRTsapW^seTR pagaC?A FCT` 'i -Y,FAN` :FD, Z( -Y,:CD :CT '1 -Y,::T :FD, u ; AY, :FDuRlsa UR paRTRZ
aYP]RTx gTXTx] 'Ox.OZ^ Ox Xx^^x Y`N:P.vx]- NZ]]TRTOx [T D :9-LEE'f m-99EiPu, :E-FIL'f m-mmWiPu, :L-ICI'f m-mmWiPu, AL-M:F'f 9-99: iPu,^T^_PXx OZ :x-Z]x_ZC D]Wm1
"o`P-]x^" Ox T`]axOP R_TaxQPxZ C :E-LF iPu :L-IM iPu C
:E-MM iPu :L-LF iPu:F-AA iPu :M-99 iPu:I-AI iPu
s]xY^QZ]XxQPxZ pxOT eP1 rt ::\rNA
gggWeS :DD ,nl: ~-DH? FAT FAHw :E9 g1:EHZx_Tax eYO`dTOx ,' C I
iPTx uTOx M-IC :AD A9-E AXWY ^PR XWY I9-DL '.m-:E,^PR
pxOTxQPxZ A QZ_ZY^ OP A QZ_ZY^ OP A QZ_ZY^ OP P 'A-C iPu, P QxB xYW C B xYW. B xYW. B ?\`TWxNOxZ \`TWxQPxZ \`TWxQPxZ _ZY^ OP xYT\`TWxQPxZ
'9-E:: iPu, '9-E:: iPu, '9-E:: iPu, '9-E:: iPu,
ix_P]TxW OP n]Zax TZ-]P RR`x SPYdPYZ RR`x
C:E:D. Ian·alaF no loIoDBFM
rIe`_d UV lVcV^\`g dRn V^ZeZU`d bfR_U` fc_ WVZhV UV V]Vec`_d cV]ReZgZdeZT`daV_VecR fc_ ^VZ` _` bfR]E V]Vec`_ gZR[RR fc_RgV]`TZURUVc_RZ`cbfV RgV]`TZURUVUR]fj_RbfV]Vc_VZ`:
ER a_ZeZTR,fc_ XRdV fdRUT`^` fc_ ^VZ` a`cbfV VdeV `WVcVTV RT`_gV_ZV_TZRUVfc_ Z_UZTVUV cVWcRkR` gRcZRgV]gZRT`_ec`]VURacVddR`G& fdV]VkR`U` XRd': a V^ZddR`UV lVcV^\`g RaRcVTVV^ fc_ gR]`caRceZTf]RcU` Z_UZTVUV cVWcRkR`, V V UVeVTeRU a`cfc_ efS W`e`c_f]eZa]ZTRU`c:a V^ZddR`URcRUZRkR UV lVcV^\`g a`UV dVc fdRURaRcRRUVeVc^Z_RkR` URV_VcXZR U` V]Vec`_ &M`_ ach, Ve T`]d'&FN'S&JgV_dd`_'&FO': GRcR VdeVac`aIdZe`, fc_ efS TYVZ`UV XRdV a`dZTZ`_RU ]`_XZefUZ_R]c_V_eV _` WVZhV UV V]Vec`_d:Lc_ VdaV]Y` WZh` _R VhecV^ZURUV `a`deRU` efS cVW]VeV `d WIe`_d UV lVcV^\`g ac`UfjZU`dUV_ec` U` efS` RecRgVd UV fc_R[R_V]R ^`_eRUR _R aRcVUV ]ReVcR] V^ fc_RW`e`^f]eZa]ZTRU`cR&rZX:C:I':
;tHEBFl=HK=> tANFoH
Cl G>El =>IE>PB@ElLL
FQElK >LI>EAHl E N F BG BR l =H
F>=B=HKPQ
IK>LLlH
?ZYCgC(BGLMKNF>GMH NLl=H IlKl F>=BK T EBFBlK 01t>K>GDHO ,LO>GLLHGA HTRE-C Al BGt>KM>Rl =>OB=H lLI>K=lL => >G>K@Bl GH lK > =BK>MlF>GM> IKHIHKBt[HGlE l IK>LLlH > tHFIKBF>GMH =H MNoT lLLBFA
) 2
GH BGM>KOlEH => "MlBPl >G>?"C@BlA HG=> LlH G>t>LLlBKBlL lEMlL IK>LLH>LA =>O>KlH L>K NLl=HL MNoTLF>GHK>L JN> ltBFlC
EN e (const.)<I>[ E?tfn2 ]
hg]^\aElf Ben^g\bZ ]hl ·e^mkhglFIe NZsZh ^gmk^ Z o^eh\b]Z]^ ]h ^E^mkhg ^ Z o^eh\b]Z]^ ]Z ens gh oZ\nhAg e Eg]b\^ ]^ k^_kZrZh f^]bh iZkZ H \hfikbf^gmh ]^ hg]Z f^]b]h ]Z ens ^fbmb]ZA
o ^g^k`bZ ]hl ^e^mkhgl ^ fZgmb]Z \hglmZgm^ ^ H bg]b\^ ]^ k^_kZrZh ]h `Zl ^]bfbgnb]h i^eZ k^]p]Zh ]Z ik^llZh ]h `Zl Zm^ jn^ g^ganf _Zmhg s^k^fdho ^ ]^m^\mZ]h,Bb`AFAR-AJ^lm^ ebfbZk; FI mhfZ?l^ FIma ^ ^ b`nZe Z ECg\hfh ih]^ l^k oblmh ]Z ·jA,FAMAE-Ashfh ^ \hga^\b]h D bg]b\^ ]^ k^_kZrZh iZkZ hl `Zl^l ^f ]b_^k^gm^l ik^llN^l FIma;ih]^ l^k \hga^\b]Z Z o^eh\b]Z]^ k^eZmboZ ]hl ^e^mkhgl gh ebfbZkAo ^g^k`bZ \bg^mb\Z; ·ma ;l^`n^ ]Z k^eZrZh ,EsNQ-,T-A
g f^mh]h ]^ s^k^fdho ih]^ l^k nlZ]h iZkZ f^]bk ·fZq;h; Z iZkmbk ]Z ]^m^kfbgZrZh]Z ik^llZh iZkZ D bgb\bh ]Z kZ]bZrZh ]^ s^k^fdhoAo iZkm^ ebg^Zk ]Z \nkoZ ^ h[mb]Z iZkZik^llN^l Z\bfZ ]Zjn^eZ hg]^ mh]hl hl ^e^mkhgl bg\b]^gm^l lni^kZkZf hl l^nl oZehk^lebfbZk^lAQkg ihgmh [^f ]^_bgb]h ^ h[mb]h ]Z ^qmkZiheZrZh ]Z iZkm^ ebg^Zk ]Z \nkoZ ]^bgm^glb]Z]^ ]Z ens Zm^ D gbo^e ]^ _ng]h ,[Z\d`khng]-A,Bb`AFAR-
\\\k MDCYVV(\\\k
YVVCC
E£YVV\\\k
\\\k IDAAAAAF\\\kO,F-S
lDsFDs
p\kpO
JVVlAAAAAF
p ED=d
,F-TDCC(D
CDFD DND
• I
CCCC_C-HCP?F >? @OH>I.
RD RNJL?MMoIEcJYV C CB
B C CDBC C C ,
C ,C C y C, C,
NM VNI NHV MUV MT_?eYoBY V?hBI,_ V
?eYoBI ?eYoIV?C L;K
C C
MR MP?EG]P
@a_D Z.'l >OoM =OLPoM >? L?H>CG?HNI >? FOTI
G?>C>oM Ho G?MGo ?H?LACo GoRCGo >I
o=?F?Lo>ILb ?eYo Y e NIBO G]P >?N?LGCHo>IMBJ?FI G?NI>I >? oNC Ps[_VoID =OLPo o G?>C>o=IG oM @IFBoM Jo>LI?M HI @?CR? ? o=OLPo t =IG OGo @IFBo ?RNLo =ItL? >?
HBUU eeB o JoLN? HoI FCH?oL >oM =OLPoM
>?J?H>? JLCH=CJoFG?HN? >I ?MJoFBoG?HNI>o ?H?LACoD ?MN? ?MJoFBoG?HNI ? GoCIL
Ho =OLPo t -MP?HMIHB IUSH.B
ol ]^m^kfbgZrh^l Z[lhenmZl ]Z ^g^k`bZ \bg^mb\Z ]hl ^e^mkhgl i^eh nlh ]Zl k^Zrh^lgn\e^Zk^l hn ]h ebfbZk ]^ s^k^fdho OZ£[ZlmZgm^ mkZ[Zeahlhl ^ g^\^llbmZf ]^ ^jnbiZf^gmhl^li^\bZblAshgmn]h; ^qblm^ nkg f^mh]h bg]bk^mh fnbmh fZbl lbfie^l ]^ ]^m^kfbgZrZh ]Z^g^k`bZ jn^ nlZ Zl k^eZuh^l ^fibkb\Zl ^gmk^ Z ^g^k`bZ \bg^mb\Z ^ hl iZkZf^mkhl ]^ Ze\Zg\^]Z i^g^mkZrZh ]hl ^E^mkhgl ^f oZkbhl fZm^kbZblA RZkbhl iZkZf^mkhl ]^ Ze\Zg\^\hfnf^gm^ ^f nlh lZh fhlmkZ]hl gZ Bb`A,FAS-; jn^ lZh f^]b]hl Z iZkmbk ]Zl \nkoZl ]^]hl^ hn bhgbsZrZh ikh_ng]ZAoe\Zg\^l e^o^f^gm^ ]b_^k^gm^l OZ£ h[mb]hl Z iZkmbk ]^lmZl\nkoZl \hf ]b_^k^grZl fZbhk^l ^f ZemZl ^g^k`bZlAol ]^_bgbrh^l jn^ l^ l^`n^f Zieb\Zf?l^iZkZ Zl \nkoZl ]^ ]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z o^klnl ikh_ng]b]Z]^; fZl ]^_bgbrh^l ZgZeh`Zl ih]^f l^k^l\kbmZl iZkZ Zl \nkoZl ]^ bhgbsZrZh ^ mkZglfbllZh ,o^k l^\AFARAI;EsNQ,EIzA KliZkZf^mkhl ]^ Ze\Zg\^ ]^ bfihkmZg\bZ ^li^\bZe gZ ]^l\kbrZh ]Z jnZeb]Z]^ ]^ nfZ]blmkb[nbrZh ]^ ]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z lZ£ ]^_bgb]Zlgh sZiAMA
oe\Zg\^ fZqbfh; NfZqA\ ]^_bgb]h \hfh Z ikh_ng]b]Z]^ ^f jn^ Z ^qmkZiheZrZh ]Z\Ze]Z ]Z \nkoZ ]^ ]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z o^klnl ikh_ng]b]Z]^ gh ^bqh \^gmkZe ^g\hgmkZ D
[Z\d`khng] ,_ng]h- ]^ kZbhl?TA,rk^p^k; ^m \hel-,OE-^g\hgmkZkZf nfZ k^eZrZh ebg^Zk ^gmk^Z ^g^k`bZ ]^ ^e^mkhg ^ Ze\Zg\^ fZqbfh f^]b]h gh LIIo ,ie^qb`eZll- ^ gh Zenfbgbh iZkZ^e^mkhgl ]^ eKZ FNI^oAD Ze\Zg\^ fZqbfh gZh ]^i^g]^ ]Z `^hf^mkbZ ]^ bkkZ]bZrZh; fZl^lm^ m^kg Z ]^loZgmZ`^f ]^ gZh ]Zk nkg ihgmh ^ f^]b]Z [^f ]^_bgb]ZA
IG
PZm^?
s?mZ?l\\ emD,_-
s£ek
QFsC-DZ
pj
I M N O ^hhu LTs L IHH LTP LII oIfx NEguAB
JLI@OHgdgog? Ho oIOo -]e.
@CID MDTHCMNLCtOC=oI N?LoJD_DONC=o >? >IM? JLI@OHC>o =IH oM I^V@iHCAI?DT >? PKKK_e KO; LoNo?G?NLIM BOMoHHU HI N?RNID IG s H HCP?F Io>IM? GoRCGo otTHLPCIoD hZ ? o IIMkVVMOCJ?L@C=CoF G"ICIo BHo JLI@OHICIoI? >? DADeih -HDHH ge. ;T? ?ICto=cALIOH>' K_@hNIHMDB Z ? H ILoIC?HN] >?. >IM?B R100?, o LNK( OHI dIo >? H^ >IM ? Go R F kAmoB o H 'g oHsoJs· PbNoe(l·QPEsKA Lgg ? o JLI@OHCHIH'Ht O·JE"N·£QPKNo ^ Lh H oF=oHIiVJ?koNC=ID
\]TR_TVEcReZT`,Ga V UVWZ_ZU` T`^` ; a`_e` `_UV R eR_XV_eV _` a`_e` ^RedZ_XcV^V 'a`_e` UV UVW]ViR`(_R aRceV bfRdVcVeR URa`cTR UVdTV_UV_eV URTfcgRUV U`dVac`Wf_UR gVcdfdac`Wf_UZURUVV_T`_ecR R aRceV ViecRa`]RURURcRUZRTRUV WcVR^V_e` UVWf_U` 'nZX.A.M( \ ^RZ`cZRURd ^VUZURd UV Ga dR`SRdVRURd_Rd~TfcgRdUV Z`_ZkRTR`~ac`Wf_URd UVeVc^Z_RURd T`^ UVeVTe`cVd XRd`d`d 'a`c Vi. TR^RcRd UVZ`_ZkRTR`('BRc\fd('FC('CfddV('FD(,'rRcUVc V HTYf]k('FE(.eVgZU` R gRcZRTRUR cRkR`U` a`UVc UV WcVR^V_e` T`^ Rac`Wf_UZURUV,; R]TR_TVacReZT UVeVc^Z_RU` R aRceZc URdTfcgRdUV U`dV RSd`cgZUgVcdfdac`Wf_UZURUVV TVcTRUV s^^ ^RZ`c V^ C;BVg 'saGJ,'Nm aRcRRRXfRV ^ReVcZRZdVbfZgR]V_eVR` eVTZU`U` bfV dVcZRdV W`ddV T`_deR_eV R cRkR`U` a`UVc UV WcVR^V_e`. \ UZWVcV_TRV RZ_URRZ`c V^ V_VcXZRd ^RZdR]eRdV aRcR`d WVZiVdT`_eR^Z_RU`dT`^ cRZ`d-M.CR UVeVc^Z_RTR`URdTfcgRdUV Z`_ZkRTRac`Wf_UR, ; a`_e`VWVeZg` UV ^VUZURURTR^RcRUVgV dVc T`_YVTZU`.OgVc HVT.D.?.CsaGJ, '?A(Q.ERcR cVUfkZcRdZ_TVceVkRd, saGJ '?A( cVT`^V_UR bfV dV[R^fdRURdRdTR^RcRda]R_Rd-aRcR]V]RdT`^aVbfV_R UZdeR_TZRV_ecV `d acRe`d, a`cbfV VdeRd eVc_ fc_ a`_e` VWVeZg` UV ^VUZURSV^UVWZ_ZU` _R dfaVcWZTZVZ_eVcZ`c UR[R_V]RUV V_ecRUR.. R]TR_TVacReZT eR^SV^ a`UV dVc^VUZU` T`^ fc_ UVeVTe`c ]RcX`V^ fc_ WVZiV VdecVZe` 'UVdZX_RU`T`^` XV`^VecZR R(`ffc_UVeVTe`c VdecVZe` V^ fc_ WVZiV ]RcX` 'UVdZX_RU` a`c XV`^VecZR S('rRcUVc('FF( l 'CfddV('FD(, Zde`V, 'R( fdR_U fc_ UVeVTe`c T`^ fc_ UZR^Vec` ^RZ`c bfV ; R]TR_TVacReZT V^ fc_WVZiV Tf[UZR^Vec` V ^fZe` aVbfV_` T`^aRcRU T`^ ; R]TR_TVU` V]Vec`_l 'S(fdR_U fc_WVZiV T`^ fc_ UZR^Vec` ^RZ`c bfV ; R]TR_TVacReZT V fc_ UVeVTe`c UV UZR^Vec` ^fZe`aVbfV_` T`^aRcRU T`^ ; UZR^Vec` U` WVZiV.
\ UZgVcXV_TZR U` WVZiV _R XV`^VecZR R UVgV dVc T`ccZXZURaV]R·VZ U` Z_gVcd`U` bfRUcRU`O
- C-' (0 /G ' ) 1)>%I >B= H
G
`_UV Hg V R UZdeR_TZRUR W`_eV gRcZRgV]'gVc HVT.C.A.D.C,saGJ'?Cm RdfaVcWZTZVU`dZ^f]RU`cV e&^,k V RU`dV RSd`cgZUR_` ^VZ` '^( V^ f^R ac`Wf_UZURUVk aRcRR TfcgR_R` T`ccZXZUR.a`ccVT`Vd Rac`iZ^RURddR`RUVbfRURdbfR_U` Ga _R` V ^fZe` dV_dZgV]R^fUR_TRd_R Hg 'gVc ]cRY^V V HgV_d`_('D;(.
\d dVXfZ_eVd cV]RT`VdV^aZcZTRdV_ecV V_VcXZR V R]TR_TVdR` gR]ZURdaRcRfc_ WVZiVUV V]Vec`_d ]RcX`, Z_TZUZ_U aVcaV_UZTf]Rc^V_eV V^ fc_ dZ^f]RU`cdV^Z-Z_WZ_Ze` 'saGJ('N(.
O^nl \h^_b\b^gm^l lZh ]Z]hl gZ PZ[A ,FAO-A o k^eZrZh ]^ Ze\Zg\^?^g^k`bZ]^m^kfbgZ]Z ihk ,IZkdnl-,OI-; [Zl^Z]h ^f f^]b]Zl ]^ ^g^k`bZ k^ZebsZ]hl ihk^li^\mkhf^mkh fZ`g^mb\h ^ \nkoZl ]^ bhgbsZrZh?ikh_ng]b]Z]^ ^f fZm^kbZbl ]^ [Zbqhgnf^kh Zmhfb\h; ^ k^\hf^g]Z]h ^f oZkbhl ikhmh\hehl gZ\bhgZbl ,OsNo£- ,OR-]£EJ ,OS-]JosL ,OT-A
o ·jA ,FAMAM-mZf[^f ih]^ l^k nlZ]Z iZkZ H Zenfbgbh ,GZms ^ L^g_he],RDz; fZl\hf \hglmZgm^l sE ^ sF ]b_^k^gm^l ]Zjn^e^l iZkZ Z Z`nZ ,PZ[AFAO-A
,.- o k^eZrZh ]^ IZkdnl hkb`bgZe _hb iZkZ ^e^mkhgl \hf ^g^k`bZ ^gmk^ I Z ENI^oiZkZ _^bq^l eZk`hl \hf ]blmkb[nbrZh ]^ ^g^k`bZ ^lmk^bmZ -iDeE;O& ^f I;FI^o ^ D;O& ^fEM;FI^o- \hf Rp f V,UCo-^_ GE·h?GFX ]^l]^ jn^ (Z2 / Aef) e M ,IZkdnl,OO-] £EJ
TRE-A
J^lmZ ·jnZrZh; ,UCo^_- e UALbUbob hg]^ Lb ^ Z _kZrZh ihk fZllZ ]h ^e^f^gmh\hglmbmnbgm^ ]^ \Zk`Z gn\e^Zk Ub ^ fZllZ Zmhfb\Z; obAJZ PZ[A,FAR-lZh ]Z]hl Ze`ngloZehk^l gnf^kb\hl iZkZ Ze`ngl fZm^kbZbl \hfnf^gm^ nlZ]hlAKl oZehk^l ]Zl \hglmZgm^l_blb\Zl lZhGe f 0,25g / cm-2 Mev-1 ^ G e D;EIR C\f?FA
mOPScO 9.D - iScOQOf RS SeSiUbO - OcQOeQS
SgnOQOf UiOeRSpO dSRbRO UiOeRSpO QOcQucORO Qfelm.iSQfdSeRORO bemSioOcf RS SeSiUbO9.A.A i QR VNPXOruRU uv S Q T 3'FC -3 : dvo \ S \ 9C dvodvo.QP
a\f"r$ SvOrS'R 3 S'R ...^
NRQN[r Q T 1'AE dvY9trR Z SURxXQuNuruvRX' uRVv rsVRUYNurZ SURxXQuNuruv.]]
9.A.A i QR VNPXOruRU uv S Q T C'1F dvo -3 C dvo\ S \ 9C dvoS S'R 3 QP S'R ~.LI
OO. SvOr NRQN[rtrR Q T 1'91 dvo9Z SURxXQuNuruv
iS Qr a91"r$ SvOrNRQN[rtrR Z SURxX\uNuruv RX uRVv rs-VRUYNur Z SUR xXQuNuruv
ES'R Q:M 1'99 dvoQAM 3'FE dvY.QP-3QCM 1'119C dvY.QP-9
3 dvo."S SE; dvoS.R
iA. Qr a91 SvOr uRVv rsVRUYNur YvU-VXV SURxXQuNuruv.
Q T 9':: dvY.QP-3B
"r$ i WrPsvP SRuv VvU PvuNuR vP RXWURV VNPXOruRUvV uv QxUPvUR rWRPNtR srNZR XVrQuR r STXrtrR "9.A.C$a
DZk]^k ,RE- \kbhn nkgZ e^b ]^ CC^l\ZehgZkg^gmhCC `^kZe ,l\Zebg` eZp- Vo^k mZf[^fO^\AFASAI;EsNQ ,T-X; jn^ ih]^ l^k nlZ]Z mZkg[^kg iZkZ \Ze\neZk Z ^g^k`bZ fZbl ikhoZo^e ZiZkmbk ]Zl f^]b]Zl ]h Ze\Zg\^ ^f nkg kgZm^kbZe,f- Zk[bmkZkbhAD oZehk ]^ Ni f^]b]h gZZ`nZ ^lmZ k^eZ\bhgZg]h \hf H oZehk ]h Ni Ze\Zg\^ kg^]b]h gh f^bh f; Ni ; ih]^ l^k^lmbfZ]h ihk\
[ S(E) t,-l.dEP
^ DZe\Zg\^ l^`ng]h D fh]^eh ]^ i^k]Z \hgmbgnZ ]^ ^g^k`bZ ,\hgmbghnl?Oehpbg` ]hpg-VPZ[AFAN;EsNQ; N^ihkm IN; ,T-XA ·lmZ k^eZuZh ^ fnbmh ik^\blZ iZkZ fZm^kbZbl ]^
PWW PWWlbfneZuZh ]^ [Zbqh gnf^kh Zmhfb\h hn iZkZ fZm^kbZbl \hf ,U Em- ,hg]^ U ^ D gnf^khZmhfb\h f^]bh ^mZ NZsZh ^gmk^ Zl ^g^k`bZl bg\b]^gm^l ^ ]^ k^ihnlh ]hl ^e^mkhgl- gZh
PWWfnbmh ]b_^k^gm^l ]Zjn^e^l iZkZ Z Z`nZ; (Z/t)ffiO. ,DZk]^k-,RE-A
shfh cZ ]bll^fhl Zgm^kbhkf^gm^; IZkdnl,OI- ^ £EJ,OS- mZf[^f ikhinl^kZf nkg_Zmhk G ]^ ^l\ZehgZf^gmh ]Z]h ihk\
K f Pm . [(Z I A)q]mPHzO [(Z I A)q ]H2o
iZkZ hl _^bq^l ]^ ^e^mkhgl ihk ghl ^lmn]Z]hl; o^kb_b\Zfhl jn^ D _Zmhk ]^ ^l\ZehgZf^gmh]Z]h ihk ,FAMAN-^ E& f^ghk jn^ Zjn^e^ ]Z]h ihk ,FAMAN-Ao ·jA ,FAMANA[-mZf[^f ih]^l^k nlZ]Z iZkZ \hgo^km^k mh]Zl Zl ikh_ng]b]Z]^l gh ieZlmb\h iZkZ Zjn^eZl gZ Z`nZ; \hfnfZ ^qZmb]Zh ln_b\b^gm^ iZkZ hl ikhihlbmhl \ebgb\hl VIZmlhg; ^m \hel ,RF-\ JosL,RI-B^fZg]^l,Et XA
·TCb. 2. '(; ouumkmZN ([~te~rst u0E> do':> Me-teria; r
S;'t't1tJ(a.do~esD
~(EoP·NEoH £·JOE£ebee· TOFIQEAoVT-N
(M\]Ii,-OE a]o£ (\ ?I ,P-^_ G-_ D]e .
D
RR`x dAm : 9-EEE : -999
Lheb^lmbk^f TLdL : -9E 9-ECL : -9:LL^kli^q TrdL9A :- :e 9-ED9 : -:DL
R.:E9 o^k Ekgn 'ED, :-:A 9-EDL : -:9F
Jmbll^; ,OM- DZk]^k ^ O\anes ,ON- fhlmkZkZf jn^ Z ·jA,FAMAM-ih]^ l^k nlZ]ZiZkZ ^e^mkhgl fhgh ^g^k`^mb\hl ]^l]^ ngl ihn\hl I^R Zm^ ID I^R; mZgmh iZkZ H Zenfbgbh\hfh iZkZ Z Z`nZ; \hf nfZ bg\^km^sZ gZh ^q\^]^g]h Z F&Ao\bfZ ]^ IDI^R ^h[l^koZ]h nfZ gZh ebg^Zkb]Z]^ \ZnlZ]Z i^eZl i^k]Zl ]^ ^g^k`bZ ihk kZ]bZuZhAQfZ ^jnZuZhfh]b_b\Z]Z iZkZ Z Z`nZ jn^ e^oZ ^f \hgmZ ^lm^ ^_^bmh ^ ]Z]Z ihk\
·lmZ k^eZrZh ]^gmkh ]h bgm^koZeh ]^ E Z NDI^R \hg\hk]Z ]^gmkh ]^ AE& \hf hl
Ze\Zg\^l ikZmb\hl ^qmkZb]hl ]Zl \nkoZl ]^ ]hl^ Z[lhkob]Zl "\Ze\neZ]Zl" i^eh f^mh]h ]^
Ihgm^ sZkeh o^klnl ikh_ng]b]Z]^Agh bgm^koZeh ]^ EZ ODI^oAZik^l^gmZ]hl ihk ,r^k`^k ^O^ems^k- ,RM-; \hf hl ]Z]hl ^qi^kbf^gmZbl Zik^l^gmZ]hl ihk ,PZ[ZmZ; ^m \hel-,RN-iZkZ EZ FDI^R]\hf ,IZkdnl-,OI- ]^ I Z ENI^R; ^qm^g]b]h Z FNI^Rihk ,Jmbll^-,OM-]\hf,Bk^r[^k`^k-,RO- ]^ MZ IDI^R; ]^ ID Z ODI^Rihk ,DZk]^k ^ O\anems-,ON- ^ ]^ ED ZNDI^Rihk ,rkZaf^; ^m \hel-,RR-A
ol ·jlA ,FAMAM-^ ,FAMAO-_hkZf ]^m^kfbgZ]Zl hkb`bgZef^gm^ iZkZ hl _^bq^l \hf nkg^liZeaZf^gmh ]^ ^g^k`bZ fnbmh i^jn^ghAI^]b]Zl ]^ NM k^ZebsZ]Zl ihk EsNQ ,T- ]hl_^bq^l ]^ Z\^e^kZ]hk^l \ebgb\hl \hf ^li^\mkhl ]^ ^g^k`bZ ]^ oZkbZl eZk`nkZl ]Zh nfZk^eZuZh \hglblm^gm^ ^gmk^ Z ^g^k`bZ fZbl ikhoZo^e gZ lni^k_b\b^ ]h lbfneZ]hk; ·i;h ; ^ DZE\Zg\^ ik^mmb\h; Ni ; ^f \hg\hk]Zg\bZ; ]^gmkh ]Z bg\^km^sZ ]Z f^]b]Z; \hf Z ^jnZuZh ]^,IZkdnl-,OI-A ollbf; Zl ·`lA ,FAMAM-^ ,FAMAO-lZ£ oZeb]Zl gZh lhf^gm^ iZkZ hl _^bq^lfhgh?^g^k`^mb\hlAfZl mZf[^f iZkZ _^bq^l \hf Ze`nf ^liZeaZf^gmh ]^ ^g^k`bZAo ^g^k`bZ\Ze\neZ]Z Z iZkmbk ]^ Ni ^lmZkbZ Zllbf [^f i^kmh ]Z ^g^k`bZ fZbl ikhoZo^e gZlni^k_b\b^ l^ D^liZeaZf^gmh ]Z ^g^k`bZ ^ ikh]nsb]h gZl _heaZl hn hnmkhl fZm^kbZbl gh _^bq^A
Ao Lkh_ng]b]Z]^ O^fb?N^]nmhkZ; NND \^ ]^_bgb]Z \hfh Z ikh_ng]b]Z]^ gZ jnZe Z]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z ^ ND&]^ l^n oZehk fZqbfhAJh ikhmh\heh in[eb\Z]h i^eZ ooLI ,of^kb\Zgollh\bZmbhg h_ Larlb\l bg I^]b\bg^-,RS-;k^\hf^g]Z?l^jn^ NNDl^bZ h[mb]Z Z iZkmbk ]^ nfZ\nkoZ ]^ ihk\^gmZ`^f ]^ bhgbsZrZh ikh_ng]Z hg]^ Z ihk\^gmZ`^f \Zb Z ND&]h l^n oZehkfZqbfhALhk hnmkh eZ]h; D ^kkh bgmkh]nsb]h jnZg]h h[m^fhl NNDZ iZkmbk ]Z \nkoZ ]^]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z gZh ^ fZbhk jn^ D;I& jn^ jnZg]h f^]bfhl Z iZkmbk ]Z \nkoZ ]^ bhgbsZuZhikh_ng]ZA ,rkZaf^ ^ Oo^glhg-,RT-; fhlmkZkZf Z iZkmbk ]Zl f^]b]Zl ]^ ]b_^k^gm^lZ\^e^kZ]hk^l f^]b\hl jn^ NNDgZ Z`nZ ^lmZ k^eZ\bhgZ]Z ZikhqbfZ]Zf^gm^ \hf Z ^g^k`bZf^]bZ ]h ^e^mkhg gZ lni^k_b\b^ ]h lbfneZ]hkihk\
h oZehk gnf^kb\h k^\hf^g]Z]h iZkZ Cq ^ ]Z]h gZ PZ[A,FAO-Ao·jA,FAMAR- ^ oZeb]Z
gh bgm^koZeh ]^ NZ I NI R iZkZ _^bq^l eZk`hl bg\b]bg]h i^ki^g]b\neZkf^gm^ gh lbfneZ]hk ]^Z`nZ l^ NND^ ]^m^kfbgZ]h ]Zl \nkoZl ]^ ]hl^ ikh_ng]Z o^klnl ikh_ng]b]Z]^A o \hglmZgm^gZ ·jA ,FAMAR-_hb ]^m^kfbgZ]Z gZ `^hf^mkbZ ` \bmZ]Z Zgm^kbhkf^gm^ ,o^k Z iZ`AMD- ^\hgl^jbb^gm^f^gm^ ^ oZeb]Z ^lmkbmZf^gm^ iZkZ ^llZ `^hf^mkbZALhk hnmkh eZ]h; ]h ikhmh\heh
]Z ooLI,RS-; o^fhl jn^ nfZ oZkbZ\Zh ]^ ED&gh oZehk ]^ Eo gZh Z\Zkk^mZ nkg ^kkh
fZeK_ jn^ E( ghl ih]^k^l ]^ _k^Zf^gmh ^; \hgl^jbb^gm^f^gm^; gZ f^]b]Z ]Z ]hl^Z[lhkob]ZA
FAMAN?I·£E£o £o BHQ·JsEo
LZkZ f^]bkfhl _en^g\bZ; `^kZef^gm^ ^ nmbebsZ]h nkg ]blihlbmboh \hga^\b]h \hfhqb\ZkZ ]^ BZkZ]Zr ,BZkZ]Zr sni-; benlmkZ]Z ^ ]^mZeaZ]Z Z lnZ hi^kZuZh gh oi^g]b\^A£^ob]h Z gZh ]blihgb[beb]Z]^ ]^ k^\nklhl ^ m^fih ]blihgbo^bl; gZh in]^fhl ^eZ[hkZk mZebglmknf^gmhA ollbf; k^lheo^fhl nmbebsZk ghllZ \ZfZkZ ]^ bhgbsZrZh ieZgZ iZkZe^eZ; mbih GFIIMI ,o^k O^\AMAFAN-;\hfh f^]b]hk ]^ _en^g\bZA
ol cnlmb_b\ZmboZl jn^ \hfikhoZf jn^ Z \ZfZkZ ]^ bhgbsZrZh Z\bfZ \bmZ]Z ^ nkg]^m^\mhk ]^ _en^g\bZ; ]Zfhl Z l^`nbk; nmbebsZg]h D ]bZ`kZfZ Z[Zbqh benlmkZ]h ]h ohenf^l^glbo^e ]Z f^lfZA
k sh_ C s
A se-? 's s^,
sFP (lletron/cm~se CA ^s
?E? C sDs: s
sCB
: C L.
O^cZf 'liE ,^e^mkhglC\fFAl^`-\hf ^g^k`bZ ·x u bg\b]bg]h gh ]^m^\mhk ^; \ncZl^g^k`bZl lZh ]^m^kfbgZ]Zl i^eh ^li^\mkhf^mkh ]^l\kbmh gh \Zibmneh IA
o \Zk`Z ;EM,·- \he^mZ]Z; ikho^gb^gm^ ]Z bhgbsZuZh ]hl ^e^mkhgl bg\b]^gm^l \hf
^g^k`bZ · gh ohenf^ l^glbo^e ]Z \ZfZkZ; ih]^ l^k \Ze\ne]Z ihk\
[ dE ]E (w ,·- ,1t o ]qdx
,]·C]q-·\ ih]^k ]^ _k^Zf^gmh iZkZ hl ^e^mkhgl ]^ ^g^k`bZ ·A,1t f Egm^koZeh ]^ m^fih ^f jn^ ^ bgm^`kZ]h Z \Zk`Z ;EM,·-;o f ok^Z ]Z lni^k_b\b^ bg]b\Z]Z gh ]bZ`kZfZ i^eh ]bZf^mkh £ ^; b`nZe Z
U CC.D2 ]M
W e ·g^k`bZ f^]bZ iZkZ ikh]nsbk nkg iZk ]^ bhgl gh Zk e II;SN FA
shfh Zl ^g^k`bZl ]hl ^e^mkhgl bg\b]^gm^l lZh k^eZmboblmb\Zl; l^`n^ jn^ gh Zk; DZe\Zg\^ N ]^lm^l ^e^mkhgl ^ fnbmh fZbhk jn^ D\hfikbf^gmh k mkZglo^klh gZ \Zob]Z]^ALhkhnmkh eZ]h; \hfh D]^\k^f^gmh ]^ ^g^k`bZ ]hl ^e^mkhgl ZmkZo^llZg]h Dohenf^ l^glbo^e ^i^jn^gh ^ fnbmh f^ghk jn^ ·; Z ^jnZuZhFAMASl^ k^]ns\
dEe'¥(E)A,1t[ - ]E.1,1Q(E) ff X dx
W
,1Q- C<1>(E)f '¥(E)& f ??]?p dE
A.l[ dx ]E
jn^ ih]^ l^k k^^l\kbmZ ihk\
~Q(E)fCCC
DDF
ReRhenf^ O^glbo^e ]Z sZfZkZ e --.1M
LhkmZgmh; ]^m^kfbgZ?l^ Z _en^g\bZ iZkZ \Z]Z ^g^k`bZ ]h ^li^\mkhA D m^kfh V dE ]E' iZkZfix
\Z]Z ^li^\mkh; hn f^eahk; ]^gmkh ]hl oZehk^l ]^ ^g^k`bZl ]hl ^e^mkhgl iZkZ \Z]Z ^li^\mkh] ^
[^f ZikhqbfZ]Zf^gm^ \hglmZgm^ ,o^k Bb`AFATZ[Zbqh-\
·f hnmkZl iZeZokZl\ Z \ZfZkZ ]^ bhgbsZrZh; iZkZ ^e^mkhgl k^eZmboblmb\hl ^ nkg ]^m^\mhk]^ _en^g\bZARZkbZg]h; hn l^e^\bhgZg]h Z ^g^k`bZ ]hl ^e^mkhgl gh ^li^\mkhf^mkh; oZkbZfhl Z_en^g\bZ ]h _^bq^ ^f^k`^gm^ g^lm^ nembfh; jn^ bg\b]bg]h gZ \ZfZkZ ikh]nsbkZ nfZ bhgbsZrZh
,hn \Zk`Z \he^mZ]Z- gZ f^lfZ ikhihkrZh ]Z oZkbZrZh ]Z _en^g\bZA
ollbf; f^]bk _en^g\bZ ^ D f^lfh jn^ l^ f^]bk Z \Zk`Z \he^mZ]Z k^lnemZgm^ ]ZbhgbsZrZh ikho^gb^gm^ ]hl ^e^mkhgl bg\b]^gm^l \hf ^g^k`bZ ]^m^kfbgZ]Z; gZ \ZfZkZ ]^bhgbsZrZhA
h ^e^mkhf^mkh Zllh\b Z]h Z \ZfZkZ ]^ bhgbsZrZh; ihk ghl nmbebsZ]h; fhlmkZ oZehk^lgnf^kb\hl hn e^bmnkZl jn^; fnembieb\Z]Zl ihk nkg ]^m^kfbgZ]h _Zmhk ]^ ^l\ZeZ _hkg^\b]h i^eh_Z[kb\Zgm^; \hgo^km^f Zjn^e^l oZehk^l ^f \Zk`ZA shfh hl `kZ_b\hl ]^ ^li^\mkh lZh^qik^llhl ^f _en^g\bZl k^eZmboZl ,f^]b]Zl ^f k^eZrZh Zh oZehk \hkk^lihg]^gm^ Zh ib\h-;
^lmZl lZh \Ze\neZ]Zl i^eh jnh\b^gm^ ]Zl e^bmnkZl gh ^e^mkhf^mkh; nfZ o^s jn^ D _Zmhkfnembieb\Zmboh ]^ ^l\ZeZ ^ fZgmb]h \hglmZgm^ ]nkZgm^ Zl f^]b]Zl ]h ^li^\mkhA
D nZX.'A.N( ^`decR RgRcZl` U`a`UVc UV WcVR^V_e` T`^ V_VcXZR aRcR; Rc.ldeR WZXfcRW`Z `SeZURU`dURU`d
URIRS.'A.A.R(U`GVa`ce CE,saGJ,'N(. CRbfV]RWZXfcReR^SV^ Z_T]fZ^`dRVbfRl` aRcR; TC]Tf]`U` a`UVc
UV WcVR^V_e`, dVXf_U` Ra\XZ_R CURbfV]V Vd^` GVa`ce.
R^fhl gZ Bb`A,FAT-;jn^ iZkZ bg\k^f^gmhl i^jn^ghl gZ ^g^k`bZ ,ihk ^qA;D;NI^R-; Z iZkmbk ]^ E I^R; ,]·C]q-\he ikZmb\Zf^gm^ \hglmZgm^A ollbf; ]nZl f^]b]Zl\hgl^\nmboZl ]^ _en^g\bZ; hg]^ Zl ^g^k`bZl ]hl ^e^mkhgl ]b_^k^f ]^ D;NI^R; Zl ]b_^k^grZlk^li^\mboZl gZl _en^g\bZl k^eZmboZl; l^kZ Zi^gZl ikho^gb^gm^ ]Zl ]b_^k^gm^l \Zk`Zlk^li^\mboZl \he^mZ]ZlAo kb`hk; Z _en^g\bZ k^eZmboZ; \El,·-C\El,·i- ]^o^kbZ l^k \Ze\neZ]Z ihk\
dEcI>(E) _ L1Q(E) [ dX ]Ep ••••
cI>(Ep) - L1Q(E
p)' [ dE ]
(]x E.col
cSoSsSaP069?67-0-:
g ^li^\mkhf^mkh ]^ \bgmbeZuZh^ nkg bglmknf^gmh nlZ]h iZkZ h[m^k hl ^li^\mkhl ]^^g^k`bZ ]hl _^bq^l ]^ ^e^mkhglA ·lm^; \hglblm^ ]^ nkg Z[lhko^]hk ]^ \bgmbeZrZh ,^fbm^ ensjnZg]h g^e^ bg\b]^ Z kZ]bZrZh- Z\hieZ]h obZ oZeoneZ _hmhfnembieb\Z]hkZ ^ Z nkg \bk\nbmhZg^qh g^\^llZkbh iZkZ Z ZgZebl^ ]h ^li^\mkh ]^ ens ^fbmb]hAol ebfbmZrh^l igbmb\Zl ]^lm^f^mh]h lZh Zjn^eZl ]Z \hgmZ`^f ]^ \hbg\b]^g\bZ ^ ]Z bgm^kik^mZrZh ]Z ZemnkZ ]h inelh ]h^li^\mkh h[mb]hAo ikbf^bkZ k^jn^k nkg \hglb]^kZo^e "]^mngbg`" ]h Z\^e^kZ]hk Z_bf ]^ ^obmZkh k^`blmkh lbfnemZg^h ]hl ^o^gmhlAo nembfZ ^goheo^ \hkk^rh^l ]^ \\be\neh iZkZ Zl]blmhkrh^l gh ^li^\mkh f^]b]h ikho^gb^gm^ ]Z k^lhenrZh bg^k^gm^ _bgbmZAoe^f ]bllh; iZkZZoZebZk Zl \ZiZ\b]Z]^l ]^ k^ohenrZh ]h ^li^\mkhf^mkhA^ g^\^llZkbh ^lmZ[^e^\^k Z lnZk^lihlmZ ^f k^eZrZh Z nkg _^bq^ fhgh ^g^k`^mb\h; blmh ^; ]^o^fhl m^k Z "_ngrZh ]h^li^\mkhf^mkh"Aol g^\^llb]Z]^l ^e^mkhgb\Zl ^ Zl \hkk^rh^l ]^ \Ze\nehl ^lmZh [^f benlmkZ]Zlghl mkZ[Zeahl ]^ Gh\d ^ Sr\dh__ ,SD-; DZk]^k,SE-; B^blm,ND-^ S^bll ^m \helA,SF-Aok^lhenrZh h[mb]Z g^lmZl bgo^lmb`Zrh^lgh bgm^koZeh ]^ NZ FDI^R^ mbib\Zf^gm^ ]^ NZ ED&A·lmZ k^lhenrZh ^ Z\^bmZo^e; ^li^\bZef^gm^ jnZg]h lZh f^]b]hl hl ^li^\mkhl eZk`hl ^fihgmhl ]^gmkh ]^ nkg f^bhA
FAMAOAF? £·BH·ToK £o LoNPEsQHo soNN·Co£o
o ]^_e^qZh ]Zl iZkmb\neZl \Zkk^`Z]Zl ZmkZo^llZg]h nfZ k^`bZh \hf nkg \Zfih
fZ`g^mb\h hn ^e^mkb\h ih]^ l^k nlZ]h iZkZ ]^m^kfbgZk hl l^nl ^li^\mkhl ]^ ^g^k`bZA
Kl ZgZeblZ]hk^l ^e^mkhlmZmb\hl `^kZef^gm^ gZh lZh ikZmb\hl iZkZ ^g^k`bZl Z\bfZ ]^ K;eI^R;
ihkjn^ lZh ^qb`b]hl \Zfihl ^e^mkb\hl \hf bgm^glb]Z]^l fnbmh ZemZlA
o ]bli^klZh ]hl ^e^mkhgl ^f nkg \Zfih fZ`g^mb\h _hkfZ Z [Zl^ ]Z l^e^rZh ]h
fhf^gmh ,hn ^g^k`bZ- gZ ^li^\mkhf^mkbZ fZ`g^mb\ZA Lh]^f l^k h[mb]Zl k^lhenuN^l
f^ghk^l ]h jn^ E&A mZe jn^ ^lmZ m^\gb\Z ^ nkg ^q\^e^gm^ f^bh ]^ l^ h[m^k hl ^li^\mkhl ]^
^g^k`bZA oe`ngl ]^mZea^l ]h ]^l^gah ^ hi^kZuZh ]^ nkg ^li^\mkhf^mkh fZ`g^mb\h ^
Zik^l^gmZ]h gh sZiA IAIZbl ]^mZea^l ^ \hglb]^kZuN^l m^Okb\Zl ^ Zik^l^gmZ]h gh mkZ[Zeah
]^ rZmmblmZ ,ED-A
o m^\gb\Z ]Z ^g^k`bZ ebfbZk iZkZ Z k^ZuZh gn\e^Zk ikh]ns oZehk^l ]^ ^g^k`bZZemZf^gm^ ik^\blZl jn^ ^lmZh k^eZ\bhgZ]hl \hf Z ^g^k`bZ fZqbfZ ]^ nkg ^li^\mkhA o
kZ]bZuZh ]^ s^k^gdho mZf[^f ih]^ l^k nlZ]Z iZkZ ]^m^kfbgZk Z ^g^k`bZ fZqbfZ ·fZqA; ^_hkg^\^ nfZ Zem^kgZmboZ iZkZ Df^mh]h Zgm^kbhk ^f ^g^k`bZl iZkZ Zl jnZbl gZh ^ ]blihgeo^e Zk^ZuZh gn\e^ZkA o \Zeb[kZuZh ]^ nfZ ^l\ZeZ ]^ ^g^k`bZ ikhoblOkbZ \hgmkZ ·fZq ^iZkmb\neZkf^gm^ lb`gb_b\Zgm^ iZkZ D \Zlh ]^ nkg _^bq^ ZikhqbfZ]Zf^gm^ fhgh^g^k`^mb\h;
fZl ihk hnmkh eZ]h gZh ^ mZh lb`gb_b\Zgm^Aol f^]b]Zl ]h Ze\Zg\^ lZh k^ZebsZ]Zl ikhgmZf^gm^ ,hn h[mb]Zl ]Zl \nkoZl ]^
bhgbsZuZh ^ ]hl^ ikh_ng]Z-\ Z lbfieb\b]Z]^ ]^lm^ f^mh]h ^ nfZ oZgmZ`^fA shgmn]h;
lhf^gm^ lZh h[mb]Zl bg\^km^sZl ^gmk^ E Z F& ;jnZg]h hl _^bq^l lZh ikZmb\Zf^gm^ fhgh^g^k`^mb\hlA LZkZ hl _^bq^l iheb ^g^k`^mb\hl ,hn iheb\khfZmb\hl- ^ \hf nkg ^liZeaZf^gmh ]^^g^k`bZ \hglb]^kZo^e; Zl bg\^km^sZl gZh lZh [^f ]^_bgb]ZlA oe^f bllh; ]^o^?l^ \hglb]^kZkjn^ hl Zli^\mhl Z[hk]Z]hl lh[k^ Z `^hf^mkbZ ^ ]^m^\mhk lZh [ZlmZgm^ bfihkmZgm^l; jnZg]hN ^ N lZh h[mb]hl ZmkZo^l ]Zl \nkoZl ]^ ]hl^ hn bhgbsZuZh ikh_ng]ZA
g ·li^\mkhf^mkh ]^ \bgmbeZuZh ikh]ns D ^li^\mkh \hfie^mh \hf nfZ k^lhenuZh ]^P Z ED&A ·lm^ f^mh]h ^qb`^ nfZ \hglb]^kZo^e bglmknf^gmZuZh ^e^mkhgb\Z; ^ Z]^m^kfbgZuZh bgb\bZe ]Z _nguZh ]h ^li^\mkhf^mkh ^qb`^ nkg _^bq^ ZikhqbfZ]Zf^gm^ fhgh
^g^k`^mb\hA H ^li^\mkhf^mkh fZ`g^mb\h ih]^ k^]nsbk D ^li^\mkh ,]^i^g]^g]h ]Z\hglmknuZh Z]^jnZ]Z ]h ^e^mkhaf; ^ ]Z `^hf^mkbZ ]h _^bq^- \hf nfZ k^lhenuZhf^eahk jn^ E&; rZmmblmZ,eK-A o bglmknf^gmZuZh nmbebsZ]Z ^ k^eZmboZf^gm^ i^jn^gZA
JZ PZ[AFARfhlmkZfhl nfZ bgm^k\hfiZkZuZh ]^lm^l f^mh]hlA
Por·Ho ? FAR ? EJP·NsKILoNosoK £KO ImPK£KO £· soHErNosoK £o ·J·NCEo
pxOTxexZ OP TP]PYVZa
a^[PN_]ZXP_]Tx .TTY_TWTexZ
a^[PN_]ZXP_]Z ieYP_TNZ
a^^PYNTxWO UP_P_Z] cPTRP]. aXxci`WWP]1UP^PUxaPWO UP_P_Z] OP TTY_TWTexZ1
TxXx]x OP cx^bZ_ZOP_P_Z] TP]PYVZa
TxXx]x OP eZYTdxexZ Z`_P_Z] OP aWP_]ZY^
a ai;h; D
TTY_TWxOZ] nWx^_TNZ c]xYOPRYxWTdxOZ] OP n`W^Z
a^[PN_]Z N3 pP^ZW`exZ OPE x :9$
aWP_]ZTXxO [Z_PYNTx- ]PQ]TRP]xexZ1TxXx]x OP UPQWPcxZ1UP_P_Z] OP aWP_]ZY^ Z`TxXx]x OP eZYTdxexZ
a^[PN_]Z N3 pP^ZW`exZ OP :$
rTRYTQTNx_TaZ [e ':C,bPTcP R[]ZcTXxOx.XPY_P iZYZPYP]RP._TNZ^
uxWTOZ [x]x bPT.cP^ NZ]Y a^[xWSx .XPY_x OP PYP]RTx.OP `Y^ [Z`NZ^ iPu
':C,'IF,'LA,
-TN.
-TP.
iPTZ n]TXZ]OTxWOP TxWT-]xNxZ OPaYP]RTx1
'IA,'LW,
'LD,-PH.
olJaNOFI F
sMJsoNLIGsNLCl Gl·HsNI;IJNCol
F?D; oIHosCNI s LsFloIsM £OHrlGsHNldM
l e][Yfa[Y j]dYlanakla[Ygjf][]meY \]k[jatYg \g egnae]flg \] mjf ]d]ljgf]e mjf
[Yehg eY_f]la[g? l ^gj[Y £: ]p]j[a\Y]e mjf ]d]ljgf]e meY j]_aYg \] [Yehg
eY_f]la[g: n: ] \Y\Y h]dYsimYtYg n]lgjaYd\] Fgj]flrT
BB1BB1 T e BB1B-MD-DersI
Th
gf\] h ] E ege]flg j]dYlanakla[g\g ]d]ljgf:] ] Y [Yj_Y \g ]d]ljgf] n Y kmY n]dg[a\Y\]?Hg [Ykg hYjla[mdYj \] mjf ]d]ljgfegn]f\g;k] ]e meY \aj]qYg fgjeYd Yg [YehgeY_f]la[g n: C ]d]ljgf\]k[j]n] meY gjZalY[aj[mdYj[ge n]dg[a\Y\][gfklYfl]]e mjfhdYfgh]jh]f\a[mdYjY \aj]tYg\g [Yehg? C egnae]flg ]: ]flYg:\Y\g hgjT
h U en U ]nL (F?E,
gf\] e]Y eYkkY j]dYlanakla[Y\g ]d]ljgf]L] CjYag\Y gjZalY?
l simYtYg (F?E, ] Y ZYk] \Yk hjghja]\Y\]k k]d]lanYk \g ege]flg \] mjf
]kh][ljge]ljg eY_f]la[g?
\ hjg\mlg nL ] [gf`][a\g [geg ja_a\]r eY_f]la[Y? £aka[Ye]fl]: ]klY _jYf\]rY
j]hj]k]flYY ^Y[ada\Y\][ge im] mjf ]d]ljgf\] mjf \Y\g ege]flg hg \] k]j \]^d]la\geY_f]la[Ye]fl]? JjYla[Ye]fl]: ]kl] ] mjf af\a[][gfn]fa]fl]hYjY YnYdaYjY afl]fka\Y\]] Yk \ae]fkg]k \g [Yehg f][]kkYjaghYjY \]l]jeafYjY ljYb]lgjaY\] mjf]d]ljgf?
HY \afYea[Y j]dYlanakla[Y:Y ]f]j_aY lglYd sN \] mjf ]d]ljgf([gfklalma\Y \] kmYk]f]j_aYk\] j]hgmkg ] [af]la[Y,] \Y\Y hgjT
gf\]s@ ] Y ]f]j_aY[af]la[Y:eg ] Y eYkkY \] j]hgmkg \g ]d]ljgf:] Cd ] Y n]dg[a\Y\]\Y dmr
fgnY[mg? r]k\] im] Y ]f]j_aY] gZla\Y\] meY \]l]jeafYqLg\g ege]flg \g ]d]ljgf:Yj]dYqLgege]flg;]f]j_aY ] hYjla[mdYje]fl]ka_fa^a[Yfl]T
l ]f]j_aY[af]la[Yhg\] k]j]phj]kkY]flYg]e l]jegk \Y ja_a\]reY_f]la]Y e]\a\Y]ph]jae]flYde]fl]T
GYjlgf:]l [gdk(RF,: Yhj]k]flYjYelYZ]dYk\Yk ]f]j_aYk[af]la[Yk\gk ]C]ljgfk[gegmeY ^mfqYg\Y ja_a\]reY_f]la]Y?JYjYC ]Ykg \gk ]d]ljgfk\] Y`Y ]f]j_aY(sc yeg ]E ,: Y]imYtYg (F?M,l]f\] hYjY meY ^mftYg daf]Yj?Hg afl]jnYdg\] ]f]j_aY\] afl]j]kk]:mjfYbmkl] \gk eafaegk imY\jY\gk \gk \Y\gk \] GYjlgf[ge meY j]lYhjg\mramT
gf\] s ] eG kYg ]phj]kkgkj]kh]]lanYe]fl]]e mfa\Y\]k \] ead`M]k\] ]d]ljgfkngdlk(G]P, ] Eadg_Ymkk ; ]e (E·? ]e,? Paklg im] hgj lg\Y hYjl] ]f]gfljgm;k]meYdaf]Yja\Y\]e]d`gj im] C:CE&: Y s_? (F?N, ga mkY\Y hgj fgk hYjY ]Yd[mdYjYk ]f]j_aYk\gk ]d]ljgfk?r] Y]gj\g [ge Y ]gfn]fqYg YZalmYd:Yk ]f]j_aYke]f]agfY\Ykf]klYl]k]kYg ]fl]f\a\Yk[geg ]af]la]YTYk ]f]j_aYk]af]la]Ykk]jYg \Yima hgj \aYfl]\]fglY\Ykkaehd]k hgj:s?
F??C-BMsNIL rs sHNLlrl o1 MsNIL
M]bYe nd ] nE j]kh][lanYe]fl]gk Yf_mdgk \Y ljYb]lNjaY[]fljYdfY]fljY\Y] kYa\Y\]mjf[Yehg mfa^gje]: [geg admkljY\gfY£a_?(F?E,?Ik Yf_mdgk nd ] nE kYg \]^afa\gk[gej]kh]algY ^jgfl]ajY\g [Yehg: ] kYg lgjfY\gk gjfghgkalangkimYf\g Yk ljYb]lNjaY[Y]jffgdY\g\Yk fgjeYakfY\aj]qYg\g []fl lmjY C'?
I'
tWUCMCN =oDBoIG>_;C_=BCDGB_A E_G_E_G_JB
_ oCIG_l_ of_BED HoI=GC
N
H_>l_
F?E?; GlNLCTsM rs NLlHM£ILGloIsM
F?E?D; CHNLIrOolI
\ [Yehg \] "ZdfbRhd TWgWhdf" (gm k]lgjaYd,hgkkma [YjY[l]jakla[Yk\]k]bYn]ak\]^g[YdarYtYg:[geg k]jY egkljY\g YZYapg?
lk kgdmtg]k hYjY Yk ]imYtg]k \g egnae]flg ]e lYd [Yehg hjg\mrajYg gk[g]^a[a]fl]k\] ljYfk^]j]f[aYmkY\gk fg eYh]Ye]flg \Yk ljYb]lNjaYk\gk ]d]ljgfk]e mjf]kh][ljge]ljg gm Y[]d]jY\gj?se Y[j]k[aeg: C egnae]flg ]e j]_ae]k \] [Yehg fYgk]lgj: k]jYYhj]k]flY\Yaf\ana\mYde]fl]:] ^afYde]fl]E ljYfkalg_dgZYd \gk ]d]ljgfkk]jYmfa^a[Y\gfg ^gjeYdakeg eYlja[aYd\] ljYfkhgjl]\g ^]ap]dYj_Ye]fl]Y[]alg:sf_] (RI,:Fanaf_klgf] nd]o]ll:(RM,?C ljYlYe]flg[geg Yhj]k]flY\gYkkmeajY [gf\atg]k hYjYpaYakTaklg k]jY \ak[mla\gfg^ae \Y hjgpaeY k]tYg?l l]gjaYim] k] k]_m] ] gZla\Y \Y N]k] \]nYllaklY(DC,?
S.P.P- lc/21 4r513 s3co6co1a r053coc r 4c:9c 013/c-
C'
BtWUCMCH CDI_b_D E_G_ E f_BEDlJ_lDA
HoIDG =G_B
N
_C EA_CD Bol>DeC EA_CD IG_CHKoGHD
ogfka\]j]mjf ]d]ljgf\] ege]flg ^apg h ]fljYf\gfg [Yehg \] \]^d]pYgegkljY\g fY£a_? (F?D,?MYg mkY\gk mjf kakl]eY \] [ggj\]fY\Yk[mjnadaf]Yj(p:q:r, [gegja_]e ]e C:] mjf kakl]eY \] [ggj\]fY\Yk[adaf\ja[Yk(j:D:r,[ge gja_]e fg []fljg\][mjnYlmjY C'?M]bYmjf[Yehg n [ge mjfnYdgjfYg fmdg fY j]_aYg\]fljg\Yk kmh]j^a[a]k\]^afa\YkhgjCTD?TY ] kae]lja[g [ge j]dYqYgYg hdYfge]\ag: aklg]
skl] [Yehg l]jf[gehgf]fl]kjY\aYd] ljYfkn]jkY(If- I0.)' eYk fYg]pakl]f]f`me[gehgf]fl] \] C ]e imYdim]j hgflgfYj]_aYg\g [Yehg? C gZb]lang] ]klYZ]d][]j Y[gjj]khgf\]f[aY]flj]Yk [ggj\]fY\Yk\] kYa\Y] \] ]fljY\Y] Yk \aj]qg]k \gk ]d]ljgfk\]^d]la\gk?
\ egnae]flg fghdYfge]\ag ] gja]flY\gh]dY [gehgf]fl]ljYfkn]jkY\g [Yehg: n: im] ] kmhgklg nYjaYj[ge CjYag^gjY\g ]apg\] Y[gj\g[geT
gf\] Id a (Z,/,/) ] C [Yehg Yg dgf_g\Y ljYb]lNjaY[]fljYd:]f ] mjfaf\a[]\g [Yehg
\]h]f\]fl]\g _jY\a]fl]\Y \aeafmaqYg_jY\mYd \Y ]kh]kkmjY \gk hNDCk(gm h]qYk, \gaeY:(n]j£a_ (F?D?n,aklg]T
fa;\nA\jL ^
(gZla\g hgj \]janYqYg\] n :fYsi?: ]e j]dYqYgY j,
;? ;?[Yehg: nj ?l mdlaeY: gZla\YnaY[ i I a C:] \Y\Y hgjT
CfUQOcCd P/k
I
l kmZklalmaqYg \]kl]k [Yehgk (F?R] F?S,fY]imYqYg \] Fgj]flr(F?D,:fYk\aj]qg]kj]kh][lanYk ]e im] kYg gh]jYfl]k\hjg\mr Yk j]dYqg]k \] E]jkl ; M]jZ]j(RN,:im]\]k[j]n]e C[gehgjlYe]flg \gk ]d]ljgfkgjY\g ]apgT
T1
c 1 ,HBc)d]j a ETh
gf\] D? U eZd (^j]im]f[aY \g oa[dgljgf,? ·]jYde]fl]: ] eYlk [gfn]fa]fl]m
]phj]kkYj Yk nYj`an]ak??k??] F [geg ^mfd,Tg]k \Y [ggj\]fY\Y [mjnadaf]Yjp? l
ljYfk^gjeYd,TYgk]_m] hjgflYe]fl] (\]k\] im] pULCrl, ] Yk ]phj]kkg]k j]kmdlYfl]k \]
(F?DC, ] (F?DD,kYgT
rY si? (F?DE,:hg\] k]j naklg im]: hYjY f T D : C egnae]flg jY\aYd] `Yjegfa[g]e p?MaeadYje]fl]: \Y si? (F?DF,: hg\] k]j naklg im] hYjYfVC: C egnae]flg ljYfkn]jkglYeZ]e ] `Yjegfa[g ]e p?l afl]jhj]lY~bTYg\]klYk "gk[adY~bTg]kdanj]k"] im] hYjY C ] f] D:
Yk ^gj[Yk \] "j]klYmjYtYg" \]knaYe gk ]d]ljgfk^gjY \g ]apg hYjY Y NjZalY []fljYd(]imadaZjag,:Ykk]_mjYf\g Ykkae YeZYk Yk ]klYZada\Y\]kgjZalYakjY\aYd] ljYfkn]jkY?MYg \]afl]j]kk]\gak [Ykgk ]kh][aYakT
l a_mYd\Y\] j]kmdlYfl] fY ^j]im]f[aY \Yk gk[adYd,Tg]k(n]j F:DC] F?DD,[gfklalmaY
ZYk] hYjY Y ^g[YdarYtYg kaemdlYf]Y ]e YeZYk Yk \aj]tg]k jY\aYd] ljYfkn]jkY? sklY
hjghja]\Y\] \] \mhdY ^g[YdarY~bTYg gm ("^g[YdarY~bTYg \] ]khY~bTg" gm "khY[];^g[mkkaf_",: hjg\mr Ykkae meY aeY_]e ]kla_eYla[Y (]kla_eYlakeg \] mjf hgflg gZb]lg[gjj]khgf\] mjf hgflg aeY_]e,? skh][ljge]ljg ZYk]Y\gk f]klY [gf^a_mjYtYg \] [Yehgk]lgjaYd gjYe \]k[jalgk hgj Ma]_ZY`f(IS,:naYf[`a(RO,: £jg]da[` (RR, ] M]ddk(RS,?
skl] j]hj]k]flY[Ykg \] mjf [Yehg k]lgj mfa^gje]: [geg ]ehj]_Y\g ]e fgkkgljYZYd`g?HgnYe]fl]: \Y ]i?(F?DE,:o[dYjgim] ] hj]k]jnY\gC egnae]flg `Yjegfa[g ]et hYjY Y \aj]tYgjY\aYd? ogflm\g: \Y si? (F?DF,: fglYegk im] E egnae]flgljYfkn]jkgfYg] eYak `Yjegfa[g]e p\] eg\g im] ] af]^a[a]fl]Y ^g[YdarYtYgljYfkn]jkY?Jg\]egk [gf[dmajim]T mjf [Yehg k]lgj mfa^gje] fala\Ye]fl]\]^afa\gfYg hg\]hjg\mraj meY aeY_]e ]kla_eYla[Y? ogflm\g: k]jY egkljY\g hgkl]jagje]fl] im] Y^g[YdarYtYgljYfkn]jkYhg\] k]j[gfk]_ma\Y: Yh]kYj \akkg: h]dg]ehj]_g \] [Yehgk \]"^jYfbY"fYk Zgj\Yk \gk [Yehgk mfa^gje]k?(k][?F?E?F,?
lk kgdmtg]k hYjYYk sik? (F?DE, ] (F?DF, hjg\mr]e Y [gjj]khgf\]f[aY\]k]bY\Y]flj]gk hYjYe]ljgk \] kYa\Y ( q: q':r :r',:] gk hYjYe]ljgk \] ]fljY\Y(q : q': r: r', gf\](', \]fglYYk \]janY\Yk]e j]dYtYgYp?lk ljYb]lNjaYkkYrT
L5 U t(1Z) ULa[gkU(D; c)205R P1 Sl' Z HDI gWcO(D; c]0l P(0- n)
fdDEM5ha k'(RI) a .ka.gWcOc205/R W.rdd[gkUfdDE?Y W (F?DO,I
igf\]:cD-I
l YfYdak]Yfl]jagj\]k[j]n] C egnae]flg \gk ]d]ljgfk[ge ege]flgk a\]fla[gk:
Jg : lYd im] Yk ljYb]lNjaYk kYg \]h]f\]fl]kkge]fl] \gk hYjYe]ljgk ]khY[aYak? C ]^]alg
\] meY nYjaYqYg / a lip \g ege]flg hg\] k]j YfYdakY\Y[gfka\]jYf\g im] ]d]ljgfk[geHd
ege]flg OHd(D1 E- P]paZajYgegnae]flg `Yjegfa[g ]e lgeg \] meY ljYb]lNjaY[]fljYd
\] jYag Ydl]jY\g? Cklg [gf\mr Y mjf \]kdg[Ye]flg [gfkakl]fl]fg hdYfg e]\ag \Y
[ggj\]fY\Y bCim] fYhgkaqYg \] kYa\Y: hg\] k]j \]egfkljY\g [geg: (RI,: (RR,T
ZE]1(cZ) U1..O2.[gk(D; n)0N1.c a
(0- n)
M] ]kl] l]jeg ] Y\a[agfY\gY si? (F?DI,: Y Yhda[YqYg] daealY\Y Y mjf [Yehg k]lgj
mfa^gje] (faI,:Yk ]imYqg]k (F?DI,: (F?DM,:(F?DN,:] (F?DO,k] kaehda^a[Ye YT
L5 USl[gk R1 jAIgWcR1 =I(2. [gk R)
n gWcR-L5 UBM`BB1MSdgR, %WcRI
l daf]Yja\Y\]Y[aeY \Y hgkaqYg afa[aYd:af[dafYqYg:] fYnYjaYqYg\g ege]flg: km_]j]g mkg \] meY ^gjemdYqYg eYlja[aYd:(RR,:(SC,?C egnae]flg fghdYfge]\ag hg\] k]j naklg[geg meY ljYfk^gjeYqYg n]lgjaYdlja;\ae]fkagfYdT
gf\] V cOcH
[gkYG BQgWcR
J Ig
MaeadYje]fl]:E egnae]flg \Y \aj]qYgljYfkn]jkYhg\] k]j ljYlY\g hgj meYljYfk^gjeYqYgn]lgjaYdZa;\ae]fkagfYdT
gf\] tE aUtTD tC aUt\D] Nk]Y eYljar \] ljYfk^]j]f[aY\Y \aj]qYgljYfkn]jkYhYjY C[Yehg k]lgjaYdT
UCD YCLWIkU (F?EN,
lkkae: C egnae]flg \g ]d]ljgf(hYjYY ]fljY\Y] kYa\YfgjeYak,: ]e mjf [Yehgmfa^gje] k]lgjaYd]klYh]jkgfa^a[Y\gfYkeYljar]k(F?EI, ] (F?EN,?
[]fljYdkYg h]im]fgk ]e im] a>2/-l-jA-kA:kYg lg\gk e]fgj]k im] Y mfa\Y\]?] kge]fl] kgZI I
lYak[gf\aqg]kim] Yk ]imYqg]k \g egnae]flg (F?DS,:(F?EC,:(F?ED,: (F?EE, MYr ^mfqg]kdaf]Yj]k\gk hYjYe]ljgk afa[aYak?skl] ljYlYe]flg ] meY l]gjaY("hYjYpaYd",\] hjae]ajYgj\]e: gk l]jegk \] gj\]e eYak YdlY gjYe \]khj]rY\gkfgkhYjYe]ljgk afa[aYak?
Hg hdYfge]\ag: Y ]fljY\YfYgfgjeYd [ge JCV C: hg\] k]j naklY [geg Yj]egtYg ]^]lanY\] meY hYjl] \] mjf k]lgjaeY_aeajag(af\a[Y\Yhgj daf`Ykhgflad`Y\Yk,hYjY ]d]ljgfkfYj]_aYg\] b hgkalang?MaeadYje]fl]:]d]ljgfkfY j]_aYg \] bCf]_Ylang]ph]jae]flYe meY hYjl] Y\a[agfY\Y \]kl] k]lgjaeY_aeajag?skl] ]^]alg] kaeadYjYim]d] \Yk "d]fl]k afYk":YlmYf\ghYjYYdl]jYjkge]fl] Y \aj]tYg \g ]d]ljgf:(SC,? YljYfk^gjeYtYg] \Y\Y hgjT
/ Q h[H0L5 .LDZlYdim] Y eYljar \] ljYfk^]j]f[aY\g hdYfge]\ag [gjj]khgf\]fl]Y ]klYj]_aYg]T
T
D C CQpD hl D C
g C D
gf\] JaJC hYjYY j]_aYg\] ]fljY\Y] JaJE hYjY Y j]_aYg\] kYa\Y?Hgl] im] ^gaeYfla\g mjf [Yehg \] [gjl]fala\g(gm YhjgpaeYtYg\] "Zgj\Y \mjY",?
N]e;k] egkljY\g im]: fY \aj]tYg ljYfkn]jkY: Y ^g[YdarYtYgfYg] hgkkan]d[ge mjf [Yehg k]lgj hmjg? ogflm\g: C [gehgf]fl]t \gk [Yehgk \] ^jYfbY\g k]lgjY^]lYe Y[]flmY\Ye]fl]C egnae]flg ljYfkn]jkgimYf\g JVC ] ^ge][] C e]ag hYjY Y^g[YdarYtYgfY\aj]tYgt?l eYljar[gjj]khgf\]fl]]T
gf\]fgnYe]fl]:JaJC hYjYY ]fljY\Y] JaJE hYjYYk rgfYk \] ^jYfbY\Y kYa\Y?C\alg Y[aeY [gjj]khgf\]Y mjf ]^]alg\Yk "d]fl]k afYk":]: \]k\] im] Yk ^gjtYk \]j]klYmjYtYg kYg gh]jYfl]kYljYn]k\] mjf l]ehg [mjlg: ] lYeZ]e [gf`][a\g[geg Y"YhjgpaeYtYg\g aehmdkg"?
(F?E?I,Ls·CGsM rs PIIFCPLs
HY Ymk]f[aY\] mjf[Yehg eY_f]la[g:C egnae]flg daf]Yjj]kmdlY ]e meY kaehd]kem\YfqY \] [ggj\]fY\Y[ge f]f`meY Ydl]jYqYgfY\aj]qYg\Y ljYb]lgjaY?lk eYljar \]ljYfk^]j]f[aY[gjj]khgf\]f\gY meY j]_aYg \] ngg danj] \] [gehjae]flg A kYrhjgflYe]fl]gZla\Yk] kYr a_mYde]fl] Yhda[Yn]akfYk \aj]qg]ke]\aYfY] ljYfkn]jkYT
D F EQP E D E (F?ES,
R E D
t aUttW (F?FC,
Jgj ]p]ehdg: ]klYk eYljar]k j]hj]k]flYeC egnae]flg YljYn]k \Yk \aklYf[aYk\ggZb]lg ] \Y aeY_]e j]dYlanYkYk ^jgfl]ajYk\g [Yehg k]lgj?
(F?E?M,Gl NLCTrI sMJsoNLIGsNLI
\ ljYfkhgjl]\g ^]ap]\] ]d]ljgfk fg ]kh][ljge]ljg ] [gfn]fa]fl]e]fl]eYfahmdY\g h]dYk eYljar]k \] ljYfk^]j]f[aYY[aeY: naklgim] Y ljYfk^gjeYtYg\] aeY_]e_dgZYdhg\] k]jgZla\Yh]dYemdlahda[YtYg\Yk eYljar]k\] [Y\Yj]_aYg?
HYk ^a_mjYk (F?F, ] (F?I, MYr egkljY\gk meY _]ge]ljaY _]f]jYdarY\Y\g]kh][ljge]ljg \] [Yehg k]lgj?l eYljar [gehd]lY \g ]kh][ljge]ljg j]dY[agfYYk[ggj\]fY\Yk (SE:rE, ] Yk af[dafYtg]k(q'E:r'E, fgkhCYfgkaeY_]fk [ge Yk [ggj\]fY\Yk(Sd:rd,] af[dafYqg]k(q'D:r'd,fghdYfggZb]lg?
se YeZYk Yk \aj]qg]k e]\aYfY ] ljYfkn]jkY:gk ]d]ljgfk]f[gfljYe meY j]_aYg \] ]fljY\Y
k]e [Yehg (gm ngg danj],: (lg,: meY ]fljY\Y[ge [Yehg \] ^jYfbY:mjf k]lgj ,[- \] [Yehg
`geg_]f]g: mjf [Yehg \] ^jYfbY\] kYa\Y: ] ^afYde]fl]meY j]_aYg \] kYa\Y k]e [Yehg (la,?
OkYf\g Y fglYqYg n]lgjaY~afljg\mra\Y Yfl]jagje]fl]:hg\]egk \]fglYj Y ljYb]lNjaYlglYdim]T
Ik ]d]e]flgk \Y eYljar gm [g]^a[a]fl]k\] ljYfk^]j]f[aY\] G ([geg gZla\gk naY(F?EI,: (F?EO,: (F?ES, ] \] N ([geg gZla\g naY (F?EN,: (F?EO,: (F?FC, kYg \Y\gkj]kh][lanYe]fl] fYkNYZ? (F?D,] (F?E,?
DDVod
L(,CE
,"-
gNDD
coTTCHV;CDeDg
CNd,T-"(JCNd,"-B>TTC1F_RCNdB>TTC\
_RDNdz??gg
gIDc,-
grACA·,oTCHVn(,o2\
C'ND(b,
dDC'ND,-B>TTC1<cC'NDB>TTCg
PRO P39 P3:P93 P99 P9:P:3 P:9 P::
e33U "tRUr ' UNQr VrQe3$ ' mt[Ur"VrQe3 ' VrQe9$ ' U[Qr"VrQe3 VrQe9P39E dUNQr 1 "tRUr 1 UNQr VrQLO$O 1 "tRUr 1 UNQr VrQL9$3.
1 OtbdUr E UNQr HZ"VrQLO . VrQL9$ 1 --d-- "VrQLO VrQL9
Z3:U d"3 - tRUr$ ' mUNQr ' VrQ[9 "3 - tRUr$o 3NPtRUr eOQr
Cr93a d "VrQLO 1 VrQL9$ 1 d "VrQLO\ VrQL9 - 3$
e99U , tRUr ' UNQr VrQe9$ ' Ot[Ur "VrQ e3 ' VrQe9$ ' U[Qr "VrQe3 VrQe9RO9:U UNQr . VrQL9"3 - tRUr$
D?3P
3 3.R 3P
. f-NU V-Tvv-uNPvQUNRQrO PrVTNY XrU xNTUV RsVrNQvu sZ QTRvONt- m:Ao. RV XrU xNTUVSWsONU-vu sZ cvQQvT m:Co.
fILPTI :.9. - PTPUPafbe OI UIfdRl cIdI I fdIaeQbdUIM[b OI ORdPM[b fdIaegPdeI
" V 3/5 ' md3"rV[QC3 VrQe9 - VrQe, - VrQ"9$o ORODVl U LY 1 (D ; YlYf(D,D 1 D ; Y YfV;'E al ?z????39 C
(F?F,JLIJLCsrlrsM rI sMJsoNLIGsNLI
(F?F?D,; CHNLIrOolI
g ljYlYe]flgY[aeY ]klYZ]d][]im] gk hgflgk (SE: rE , fghdYfgaeY_]e ]klYgj]dY[agfY\gk[ge gk k]mk [gfbm_Y\gk (Sd: rd, fghdYfggZb]lg hgj
lk \]^afaqg]k\Yk hjghja]\Y\]k \g ]kh][ljge]ljg: af[dmaf\gY [gfkljmqYg\YaeY_]e: eY_fa^a[YqYg:] \akh]jkYg kYr ZYk]Y\gk fY daf]Yja\Y\]\Y ljYfk^gjeYqYg: ]kYg: \] ^Ylg:]d]e]flgk]kh][a^a[gk\Y eYljar?
(F?F?E,£ILGlolI rl CGl·sG JIHNI£ JIHNI
JYjY]d]ljgfkegfg ]f]j_]la[gk?gZl]e;k] Y ^gjeYtYg \Y aeY_]e hgflg ^ hgflgimYf\g Yk [ggj\]fY\Yk \Y aeY_]e kYr \]h]f\]fl]kkge]fl] \Yk [ggj\]fY\Yk \ggZb]lg? lkkae: \gak ]d]ljgfk\] e]keY ]f]j_aYYljYn]kkYf\gmjfhgflgfg hdYfg gZb]lgYhYj][]jYgfg e]keg hgflg [gfbm_Y\g fg hdYfg \Y aeY_]e af\]h]f\]fl]e]fl]\YkkmYk ljYb]lgjaYk\] ljYn]kkaY?rYk sik? (F?F, ([ge e U C, ] (F?FI,: n]egk im] aklglgjfY;k]hgkkan]dkmb]algYk j]kljaqg]kT
M] YeZYk Yk sik? (F?FM,] (F?FN,hg\]e k]j kYlak^]alYkhYjY Y e]keY \aklYf[aY;aeY_]e: aklg]:
meY j]hda[Y(Yme]flY\Y, \g gZb]lg YhYj][]fghdYfg\Y aeY_]e? Ik ]d]e]flgk???eDEXtX~CEkYf\]h]f\]fl]k\Y _]ge]ljaY ]e L: Y: tD : tE ' lg : lYdim] Yk sik? (F?FM,:(F?FN,] (F?FO,daealYe Y ]k[gd`Y\]kl]k hYjYe]ljgk hYjYY hjg\mqYg \] meY aeY_]e ka_eYla[Y (gmj]h]lalanY,?Cklg^ga ]pYeafY\ghgj ojgkk (SD,: £jg]da[` (RR,?OkYf\g gk ]d]e]flgk]pakl]fl]k\Y eYljar: ] afljg\mraf\gYk kaehda^a[Yqg]kT
Zh['a0Uh[!721B
DC
Zh[b a h[!72..
DC
H5 Uh[.2w."..h[(R, 'DA, D s5 R. Sdh[b
1Z( R . Sdh[b)N.UBRBBBBB BCBQ> (R.Sdh[b)h[(R. &,)-0
HYk sik? (F?IC, ] (F?ID,gk Yf_mdgk Y : q ] ] \]n]jYg k]jmladarY\gk]e jY\aYfgk?Hgl] im] Y (ea[Y daealY[Ygl]Nja[YfY]k[gd`Y\gk hYjYe]ljgk \] ]fljY\Y] im] C \]nY k]jhgkalang:af\a[Ylang\Y ^gjeYtYg \] meY aeY_]e j]Yd?ogflm\g: Yk daealY[g]khfala[Ykaf[dm]e Y k]d]tYg\] mjfZ hgkalang(ojgkk,(SD,: \] mjfhYj (]]: L, [gehYlan]d [ge Ykf][]kka\Y\]k\] [Yehg hYjYY YfYdak]\g afl]jnYdg\] ]f]j_aY\] afl]j]kk]:] ^afYde]fl]mjf C Y\]imY\g aehgklg h]dg ]khY[g \akhgfan]dhYjYY egflY_]e \g ]kh][ljge]ljg?
F?F?F; Gl·HC£CololI
l jfY_fa^a[Y[Yg:\]^afa\Yk]hYjY\Yjf]fl]fYk \aj]tM]kjf]\aYfYk(tjf, ] ljYfkn]jkY(tl,: ] Y LYrYg \Y \ajf]fkYg(gm [ggj\]fY\Y,daf]Yj\Y ajfY_]jf[ge Yim]dY \g k]mgZb]lg [gfbm_Y\g JYjYmjf^]ap]egfg ]f]j_]la[g(eDEU lDEU\ UC, k]_m] \Yk sik? (F?FF,
] (F?FI, im] Yk jfY_fa^a[YtM]kfYkhgkatM]k\Y ajfY_]jfkYg \Y\Yk hgjT
SgNN- 5Qbfb ;;j; DD
D
X Tr XZ/af .. . hll
Td
F?F?I; rCMJsLMlI
l \akh]jkYg j]hj]k]flY Y `YZada\Y\] \g ]kh][ljge]ljg \] k]hYjYj ]d]ljgfk \]
ege]flgk \a^]j]fl]kfg hdYfg aeY_]e? r]k\] im] Yk ^gj[Yk k]d]lanYk\g ege]flg kYggh]jYfl]kkge]fl] fghdYfge]\ag: Y \akh]jkYg ] \]^afa\Ykge]fl] fY\aj]qYg\] qT
lU P_]o
L][gj\Yf\g im] E l]jeg ee gja_afgm;k] \Yk [gfka\]jYqg]k \g \]kdg[Ye]flg \Y
ljYb]lNjaY\]na\g ^meY nYjaYqYg n \g ege]flg (k][? F?E?D,:k]_m] im]T
F?F?M; LsMIFOolI
l j]kgdm[Yg \] mjf ]kh][ljge]ljg eY_f]la[g ] \]^afa\Y]e l]jegk \g ]khYd`Ye]flg\g ege]flY im] ] h]jeala\g Yg YljYn]kkYjmjf hYj \] ^]f\Yk \] \]^afaqYg\g gZb]lg ] \Y
aeY_]e? Ik ]d]ljgfk\] ege]flg ^apg:Jg: YljYn]kkYf\g meY ^]f\YgZb]lg \] \ae]fkYg SD^gjeYjYg meY aeY_]e \] \ae]fkYg ,>Ye'Sd,M]meY ^]f\Y aeY_]e [ge Y \ae]fkYg \]klY
mdlaeY ]klY kalmY\Y ]e meY hgkaqLg[gjj]khgf\]fl]Y [gd]qLg \]kl]k ]d]ljgfk:
]flYg meY \a^]j]fqY\] ege]flg \] Ra Hb :SD ] E km^a[a]fl]hYjY \]kdg[Yjgk ]d]ljgfkl
Yd]e \Y nakYg\] mjf\]l][lgj[gdg[Y\gYljYk \Y ^]f\YaeY_]e? l j]kgdmtYghg\] ]flYgk]j\]^afa\Y[gegT
(F?IN,
HY hjYla[Y: Y \ae]fkYg \Y ^]f\YgZb]lg ] daealY\Yh]dg ^Ylg \] im] \]nY k]jkm^a[a]fl]e]fl]_jYf\]\] eg\g Y hYkkYj mjffme]jg \]l]klYn]d\] ]d]ljgfk\]^d]la\gk?Cklg k]_m] im] Y j]kgdmtYg glaeY ] [gfk]_ma\Y h]dY eafaearYqYg \Y LYrYg \YeY_fa^a[YtYgh]dY\akh]jkYg?
£YqYegk Y_gjY: meY fglYkgZj]Y j]kgdmqag\] ege]flY ] \Y ]f]j_aY?rY si? (F?I,:
hg\] k]j egkljY\g (IS, im] Yk em\YfqYk ^jY[agfYakfY ]f]j_aY] fg ege]flY ]klagj]dY[agfY\YkhgjT
xDf0pDoDm0 1
sf]j_aY] ege]flY hg\]e ]flagk]j mkY\gk afl]j[YeZaYn]de]fl][ge j]^]j]f\Y\akh]jkYg] j]kgdm[Yg]e YdlYk]f]j_aYk?
l NYZ? F?F YZYapg ^gjf][]gk hYjYe]ljgk mkY\gk f]kl] ljYZYd`g hYjY C fgkkg
]kh][ljge]ljg ?
NYZ? (F?F,T hlLlGsNLIM rI sMJsoNLIGsNLI OMlrI Hl
sRJsLCsHoCl
hlLlGsNLI
LYag \] r]^d]pYg: L
lf_mdg \] r]^d]pYg: Ylf_mdg \] sfljY\Y: tD
raklYf[aYIZb]lg: ld
lf_mdg \] MYa\Y:tE
raklYf[aY\] CeY_]e: D
GY_fa^a[YtYg:D??d
rakh]jkYgL]kgdmqYg: SD(-,
sIOlolI
(F?IE,
(F?IM,(F?IN,
PlFIL rI GIrsFI
EC:CSZ
IMv
aa CvDC:C[e;O:FRv
DC:C[e
C:O
C:NFL
w/,<dm
hYjYSCa0,SSdm
C:CDO(D:O&,
C:CEM(E:M&,
F?I?D; CHNLIrOolI
HY l]gjaYYfl]jagj]f[gfljYegk Yk k]_mafl]k `ahNl]k]kTD,Ik ]d]ljgfk^gjY \g ]apg l]jfh]im]fgk \]knagk fgk \]kdg[Ye]flgk ]
fYk \aj]tg]k ]e j]dYtYg Yim]d]k [gjj]khgf\]fl]khYjY Y ljYb]lNjaY[]fljYd?
E, Ojf [Yehg k]lgj mfa^gje] l]jfmeY fala\Y Zgj\Y \] [gjl] (gm: ]e
af_d]k: k`Yjh [mll;g^^ ;MoI££,: C [Yehg \] ^jYfbYZj]n]e]fl] gh]jYfl] hjghgj[agfYmeY ^g[YdarYqYg ljYfkn]jkYaehmdkanY?
l hjae]ajY [gf\aqYghg\] k]j _]jYde]fl] ]f[gfljY\YfYhjYla[Y:\] eg\g im] meYl]gjaY \] hjae]ajY gj\]e hjghgj[agfY meY hYjla\Y k]_mjY hYjY C \]k]f`g \] mjf
]kh][lge]ljg? Ojf\]k]f`g eYak [jala[g\] eg\g Y eafaearYj gk ]^]algk k]_mf\g gj\]e
(gm: "YZ]jjYqg]k",] [gfka\]jY\g^gjY \g Yd[Yf[]\]kl] ljYZYd`g?ogflm\g: Y k]_mf\Y[gf\aqYg ] meY a\]YdarYqYgTmjf "[Yehg \] ^jYfbYhjgdgf_Y\g"(\g af_d]k:Y ]pl]f\^jaf_]^a]d\ ; s££, ]pa_]eg\a^a[Yqg]khYjYE ljYlYe]flg\] hjae]ajYgj\]e: [geg k]jY\ak[mla\gYZYapg?
F?I?E; FIolFCTlolI rs OGl £LIHNsCLl PCLNOlF o1 olGJI
HY hjYla[Y:Y [gehgf]fl]ljYfkn]jkY\g [Yehg \] ^jYfbY] \] meY aehgjlYf[aYka_fa^a[Yfl]hYjY nYjaYk \aklYf[aYk \] "_Yh" (\aklYf[aYk]flj]gk hNDgk,Y hYjlaj\Y^jgfl]ajYe][Yfa[Y\g hgdg?HY £a_?(F?O,] egkljY\Y meY \akljaZmaqYgj]hj]k]flYlanY?
B"TIH QC
" c" (,dBC;??Dg,-deM;Cg
IDC
dDTTCg^\r·,degR p
\ gZb]lang] dg[YdarYjY ^jgfl]ajYnajlmYd(gm ]^]lanY,\g [Yehg: pn' lYd im] C
[Yehg ]imanYd]fl]\Y Zgj\Y \mjY ^gjf]tYY e]keY \]^d]pYg,R- im] Y \akljaZmatYge]\a\Y\g [Yehg: sf_] (SI,?
r]k\] im] (nYllaklY:DC,
YUQHQ
nL
Ojf]d]ljgfkg^j]faY e]keY \]^d]pYg\Y\g im] ]kl]]f[gflj]C e]keg [YehglglYd?M]Y Yj]Yk kgZ Y \akljaZmatYg\g [Yehg hjgdgf_Y\Y] \]l]jeafY\Y fme]ja[Y gmhdYfae]lja[Y:]flYgRn ] \]l]jeafY\YhgjT Rn a ?DF : ] Ykkae ] dg[YdarY\YY^jgfl]ajYnajlmYd\g [Yehg [gjj]khgf\]fl]? ng
lk \aklYf[aYk\g gZb]lg ] \Y aeY_]e MYr ]flYgdg[YdarY\Ykj]dYlanYkRn ]e n]r\] Re (^jgfl]ajYe][Yfa[Y,?
nYllaklY:(dI,[gfkljmammjf]kh][ljge]ljgim] l]f\g Yk h]tYk \] hgdg\] []j[Y\]DMC[e ] mjf"_Yh" ]flj]Yk e]keYk \] D:N[eTCnYdgj\] Rn ]klYnYY []j[Y\] mjf_YhY hYjlaj\Yk Zgj\Yk e][Yfa[Yk\gk hYdgk?
F?I?F; s£sCNI CHNLCHMsoI rI olGJI rs £LlHDl JLIFIH·lrI
HAE
C:M
_C f_Al_ EoFJoC_eC f_Al_ ADC=_fA e_II>HI_A ,HE-
pp M;R;; ; 0.00.0.0r00_ BBBBBBBBBBBBB
Rd
,UR]_-;
tWUCMCO l>HIG>eJ>eDoH lo f_BED lo tG_C?_ EGDADCB C=_ lDC
lk e]\a\Yk kYflgeY\Yk fg hdYfge]\ag: Yg dgf_g \Y fgjeYd^ ^jgfl]ajY\Y h]tY
\g hgdg (]fljY\Ygm kYa\Y, im] ]klY []fljY\Yfge]ag \g [Yeaf`g ]flj]gk [Yflgk\gkhgdgk? C ]^]alg\gk [Yehgk \] ^jYfbY hjgdgf_Y\g fY ljYfk^gjeYqg]k gZla\Y naYYhjgpaeYqYgMoI££: ^galjYlY\Yhgj nYjagk Ymlgj]k (SE,: (SF,: (SI,? se hYjla[mdYj:sf_](SE,: egkljgm im]: kgZ Y `ahgl]k] \] im] Yk ljYb]lgjaYks££ ] MoI££ kYg [gaf[a\]fl]k\]fljg\Y j]_aYg\g [Yehg mfa^gje]T
D ; Hg hdYfge]\ag: C Yme]flg gm \aeafmaqYg hjg_j]kkanY \g [Yehg
\]kdg[YY hgkatYg\Y ljYb]lNjaY[]fljYdfYkj]_ae]k Yd]e \g daeal]\g [Yehg k]lgF sd] lajYY
aehgjlYfl][gf[dmkYg im] ]kl] \]kdg[Ye]flg] \] "gj\]e r]jg":aklg]: Yim]d]hYjYE imYd]klYg kmb]algk lg\gk gk ]C]ljgfk\]ld]la\gk?Ik [g]^a[a]fl]k\] ljYfk^]j]f[aYhYjYChdYfge]\ag gZla\gk Yfl]jagje]fl]h]jeYf][]e nYda\gk[gflYflgim] C ]kh][ljge]ljg ]kl]bYYdaf`Y\g\] Y[gj\g [ge ]kl]k \]kdg[Ye]flgk? HY £a_? (F?S, ]klYk admkljY\g Y_]ge]ljaY \]kl] ]^]alg\] \]kdg[Ye]flg\g ^]ap]?
Ci9V t s ££[------[---------------[-----
l Y
HfDtt
tWUCMCP oto>ID lD DoHADf_BoCID lD FEIZE0
gf\] _ ] E ]khYqg (gm _Yh, ]flj]Yk h]qYk (gm hgdgk, \g ]d]ljgaeY: ] CZH ] DZI kY[
afl]_jYak\]h]f\]fl]\g ^gjeYlg \g [Yehg? JYjYYk \akljaZmaqg]kYhj]k]flY\Yk fY^a_?(F?R,:
sf_](SE, Yhj]k]flY gk nYdgj]kafl]_jYakj]kh][langk[gegT
t (l, UC:FCSDe (n, a C:ISD
t (o, UC:ODO
(F?ME,
(F:MF,(F?MI,
Mmhgf\g im] C fgkkg ^gjeYlg \] [Yehg l]f`Y mjf ^gjeYlg k]e]d`Yfl] Yim]d]
\]l]jeafY\g hgj nYllaklY :(DC, ]: ]kl] mdlaeg \] Y[gj\g [ge Y \akljaZmaqYg\] [Yehg (o,:g U£a_?(F?R,W: hYjYCfgkkg ]d]ljgaeY: [ge nYdgj\] _ a E:I[e\ L a EC:I[e\ JCa CC:
JE a ;O:FR: [ge tD a t a C:ODO: l]jaYegkT
E ; rg ]f[gfljg\gk ]d]ljgfk[ge C [Yehg \] ^jYfbY j]kmdlY meY j]\mqYgfYk ^gj[Yk \] j]klYmjYqYg fY \aj]qYg ljYfkn]jkY?Cklg g[gjj] hgjim] ] jgeha\Y YYhjgpaeYqYg \Yk "d]fl]k\]d_Y\Yk" mkY\Yk Yfl]jagje]fl]?JYjY mjf hjg[]\ae]flg eYak
j]Ydakla[g\Yk "d]fl]k]kh]kkYk" (aklg o: s££,: gk [g]^a[a]fl]k\] ljYfk^]j]f[aYljYfkn]jkY
\]n]e k]j YbmklY\gk h]dY afljg\m[Yg \gk Yf_mdgk ]^]langk \] ]fljY\Y ] kYa\YT
F?I?I ; OGl HINl MInLs IMs£sCNIM rs Ms·OHrl ILrsG
HYk l]gjaYk eY_f]lg;Nhla[Yk eYlk ]dYZgjY\Yk: Yk ]phj]kkM]kim] j]dY[agfYeYk[YjY[l]jakla[Yk\g gZb]lg ] \Y aeY_]e kYg \Y\gk hgjT
> Qd , > > >c-SE ; E SC: SD: T D: T D a
gf\] Yk ^mf]g]k q.,aC,0C,x:j]hj]k]flYeY ljYfk^gjeY]Yg? M] ]phYf\aegk Yk
^mf]g]k [geg k]ja]\] NYqdgj: gk [g]^a[a]fl]k\] NYqdgjMYr gk [g]^a[a]fl]k\]ljYfk^]j]f[aY?r]klY ^gjeY: sf_]: (RI, ]f[gfljgmljaflY[g]^a[a]fl]k\] k]_mf\Y gj\]e? C\]k]f`g \] mjf ]kh][ljge]ljg \] YdlY hj][akYgj]im]j C [gfljgd]\] mjf fme]jg[gfka\]jYn]d\]kl]k [g]^a[a]fl]k(hgj ]p]ehdg: Y [mjnYlmjY \Y h]]Y \g hgdg,?ld]e \akkg:MYrf][]kkYjagk]pl]fkgk[Yd[mdgk \] ljY]Ye]flg\gk jYagk?skl] ljYZYd`g ga [gfka\]jY\g]klYj Yd]e \gk fgkkgk gZb]langk? JYjY ljYlYe]flgk j]kh]alYn]akeY_f]lg;Nhla[g\]k]_mf\Y gj\]e: eY_f]lg;Nhla[Yk Yg d]algj ] j][ge]f\Y\gk ]p[]d]fl]kYhj][aY]g]k\Y\Yk hgj sf_] (RI, ] njgof:(SM,:(SN,?
lc2756-1 _
_.C - u0531o6lc1
\ ]kh][ljge]ljg [gfkljma\g[gfkakl]ZYka[Ye]fl]\]TD,Ojf]d]ljgaeY:E, Ojfkakl]eY \] [gdaeYtYgY\]imY\gF, OeY ^gfl]\] [gjj]fl]]klYn]dhYjYYdae]flYtYg\g ]d]ljgaeY:]:I, Ojfafkljme]flghYjYY e]\a\Y \Y ^dm]f[aY\gk ]d]ljgfk?
(d, C ]d]ljgaeY: mladarY\g ^ga []\a\g _]flade]fl] h]dg r]hYjlYe]flg \gl[]d]jY\gjFaf]Yj\g Cfklalmlg\] £aka[Y\Y OMJ:MJ:[YhalYd\] im] bY ^gjY mladarY\ghYjYY egfalgjYtYg \Y ]f]j_aY\gk ^]ap]k_]jY\gk h]dg Y[]d]jY\gjdaf]Yj\Yim]d] Cfklalmlg?lk [YjY[l]jakla[Yk] Y kmY [gfkljmtYg ^gjYe ]flYghj]naYe]fl]]klYZ]d][a\Yk:\] eg\gim] fYglan]egk Y ghgjlmfa\Y\]\] eg\a^a[Y;CYkhYjYYlaf_ajY [gf\atYg\] ^g[YdarYtYg\YaeY_]e [alY\Yk fg [Yhalmdg Yfl]jagj?L]klgm;fgk Ykkae Yh]fYk Y ghgjlmfa\Y\]\]]^]lmYjegk meY [gdaeYqYg \] eg\g Ylaf_ajegk meY j]kgdmqYghj]naYe]fl]]klYZ]d][a\Y:[geg ^ar]egk hgkl]jagje]fl]fYkk][k?(F?F,:(F?I,] (F?M,:] Yhj]k]flY\YkfYNYZ?(F?F,?
-(E, C\]YdarYjfgk]e Y[jada[g:mjf kakl]eY \] [gdaeYqYg im] Y\YhlY\g Yg YhYj]d`g
(Y[]d]jY\gjdaf]Yj,] Yg ]d]ljaeY:j]hjg\mrakk]e Y hYjl]\g [gdaeY\gj gja_afYd\gY[]d]jY\gjdaf]Yj]: im] lYeZ]e k] YbmklYkk] h]j^]alYe]fl]]flj]Yk h]tYk \g ]d]ljgaeY:?sklY [gdaeYqYg ^ga hdYf]bY\Y\] eg\g Y _YjYflajaf[a\]f[aY\] ]fljY\Y] kYa\YfgjeYak:Z]e [geg _YjYflajim] Y ljYb]lNjaY[aj[mdYj\] \]^d]pYg^a[Ykk] j]kljalYkge]fl]Yim]d]k ]d]ljgfk\]^d]la\gk\] :;m ] \]k[j]n]kk]e meY ljYb]lNjaY\] jYag:L U EC:I[e:[YjY[l]jakla[Y\Y [gfkljmqYg\g ]d]ljgaeY? Mmhgegk im] gk ]d]ljgfk\]^d]la\gk[geljYb]lNjaY[ge L 1 FaL ] L ; FaL k]jaYe YZkgjna\gk h]dg kakl]eY \] [gdaeYtYg ]fYgYlaf_ajaYeC \]l][lgj(FaL Uw F ee,?
(F, l ^gfl]\] [gjj]fl]im] Ydae]flYC]d]ljgaeY:l]jaYim] k]jmeY ^gfl]]klYZadarY\Y:meY n]r im] meY nYjaYtYg\Y [gjj]fl]\mjYfl]Y e]\a\Y hjg\mrajaY\]knagk [gfka\]jYn]akfg nYdgj\] B- ] [gfk]iaa]fl]e]fl]fg nYdgj\Y ]f]j_aY\gk ]d]ljgfk\]^d]la\gk?OeY]ph]ja]f[aYhj]daeafYj]e im] mladarYegk meY "^gfl]"\] [gjj]fl] aehjgnakY\Y:
T`_deZefZURa`c bfRec` SReVcZRdUV Rfe`^FgV]UV ?Ag`]edTRURV ]ZXRURdV^ aRcR]V]`,fc_~cV`deRe`~,T`_deZefYU UV f^RcVdZdeV_TZRV]VecZTRUV TYfgVZc`R`dec`f R_VTVddZURUVURfeZ]ZkRlRUV f^R W`_eV VdeRSZ]ZkRUR,a`ZdRdaVcURdUV a`eV_TZRUVgZU`R UZddZaRlRUVTR]`c_R cVdZdeV_TZR_R` aVc^ZeZR, UfcR_eV R ZccRUZRjR`,SeVc gR]cVd T`_deR_eVd UV SVT`_dVb`.V_eV^V_eV UV ].
'D( EV]`d ^`eZg`d R]VXRU`d_R HVT. A.D.E,aRa.A, feZ]ZkR^`df^R TR^RcR UVZ`_ZkRlR` a]R_RaRcR]V]RB`U. BACCDC, UREIL-ncVZSfcX, T`^` fc_ UVeVTe`c UVW]fV_TZR.
s_ZTZR]^V_eV,acVeV_UZR^`d TR]ZScRcR_`ddR TR^RcRUV Z`_ZkRlR V^ cV]RlR`Rf^RiZTRcRUV nRcRURj.ERcR eR_e`, W`^`d ReV ; eVaRceR^V_e` U` \TV]VcRU`c ·Z_VRc U`s_deZefe`UV nZdZTRURJHE. TRaZeR],aRcReV_eRc^`d RUVgZURTR]ZScRjR`.eVgZU` R`WRe`UV bfV RZ_eV_dZURUV ^Z_Z^R U` WVZiV URbfV]V RTV]VcRU`cRefcRgRR_`ddRTR^RcR,W`ZZ^a`ddZgV] VWVefRc R RWVcZjR` UR TR^RcRV eR^SV^ gVcZWZTRcdV YRgZRf^Rac`a`cTZ`_R]ZURUVV_ecV ; _f^Vc` UV aRceZTf]RdZ_TZUV_eVdV RZ`_ZkRjRUV_ec` URTR^RcR.
\aFd fc_ VdefU`^V]Y`c 'gVc HVT. A.D.E(,TYVXR^`d RT`_T]fdR`bfV RTR^RcRUVZ`_ZkRlR`,aRcRV]Vec`_d cV]ReZgZdeZT`dV eR^SV^ fc_UVeVTe`c UV W]fV_TZR.
JeZ]ZkR_U URW`_eV UV T`ccV_eV ^V_TZ`_RUR _` ZeV^ R_eVcZ`c, cVR]ZkR^`df^RacZ^VZcR eV_eReZgR V V_dRZ` aRcR R^VUZURU` VdaVTec`, 'gVc HVT.D.A.DRUZR_eV(. ldeRViaVcZV_TZR _`d V_T`cR[`f,a`Zd RTcVUZeRgR^`dRX`cR bfV R TR^RcRUV Z`_ZkRlR`^VUZReR^SV^ W]fV_TZR.
D.AB\IlGs\]H l BlIDeDH
D.A.?nDCIl el G\es\a\D
a`^` UZddV^`d_` Z_ZTZUVdeV ecRSR]Y`,cVR]ZkR^`d fc_ VdefU`URbfR]ZURUVUV U`ZdRTV]VcRU`cVd]Z_VRcVdO
BVgRec`_ - ?A 'r`daZeR] URd a]Z_ZTRdUV GZSVZcR EcVe`( V BVgRec`_ - ID'a\sHB - HVcgZj` UV GRUZ`eVcRaZR- J_ZTR^a - aR^aZ_Rd(. \^S`d `d RTV]VcRU`cVddR` UV WRScZTRjR`HZV^V_d R^VcZTR_RV, T`_decfZU`dacReZTR^V_eV T`^ Rd ^Vd^RdTRcRTeVcZdeZTRdUV UVWZ_ZjR`U` WVZiV, 'dVXf_U` `d eVT_ZT`d UR HZV^V_d _` ]cRdZ](.a`_efU`, UVgZU` R WR]eRUV URU`dcV]VgR_eVd U` BVgRec`_ ID, RacVdV_eRcV^`d R]Xf_dUVeR]YVdZ^a`ceR_eVd U`BVgRec`_ ?A,V bfV afS]ZTR^`dV^ _`ddReVdV UV ^VdecRU` '?(.
. . .0 ....,...A
£a_? ]h/E rCl·LlGl CFOMNLlNdPI rI losFs£VlrIL PNRLEZ "GsPlNLIlD8PCu MOTUSANOR c 5\JIA DE 10oc~ TIT2;E'MA DE DE'Fi0E.ZAbUSAJEUOS'A ' Aa.VO (POLGAT) PI EL'E'USbGe0
\ ^]ap]\] ]d]ljgfkl]jYh]mla[g: im] Ylaf_] Y kmh]j^a[a]\g hY[a]fl]:] gZla\g[geg k]_m]T Cfa[aYde]fl]mjf[Yf`Yg\] ]d]ljgfkim] ^gjf][]]d]ljgfk]e meY n]dg[a\Y\]\] YhjgpaeY\Ye]fl] DAI\Y n]dg[a\Y\]\Y dmr ]: MYrY[]d]jY\gkhgj mjfhgl]f[aYd\] DMEnhYjY\]fljg\] mjf_maY \] gf\Y]klY[ageajaY?skl] _maY \] gf\Yk] [gfklalma\ghgj Yd_meYk[]dmdYk: \]fljg \g imYd h]j[gjj]meY ea[jggf\Y\] eg\]klY hgl]f[aY\] ]fljY\Y?C_maY \] gf\Y ] \]k]f`Y\g\] lYd^gjeY im] E [Yehg ]d]lja[gYg dgf_g\g ]apg \] kmY]kljmlmjY ] emalg afl]fkg\]fljg\Yk []dmdYk] ]kk]f[aYde]fl]r]jg]flj]Yk []dmdYk?C [Yehg]d]lja[g\Y ea[jggf\Y ] hYjYd]dgYg ]apg\g _maY \] gf\Y:j]dYlanYe]fl]mfa^gje] Yg dgf_g\g ]apg] ] \aja_a\gghgklYe]fl] \] []dmdYY []dmdY(aklg ]: ]klY k]hYjY\Ye]fl]]e ^Yk]\] DRCCz Ik ]d]ljgfkMYr afb]lY\gk \]fljg\g _maY \] gf\Y imYf\g E [Yehg ]d]lja[ggk[adYfl]\Y ea[jggf\Y]klY]e \aj]tYg\] eg\g Y ^gjf][]jmeY ^gjtYhgkalanYYg ]d]ljgf:im] k]jYY[]d]jY\g]e YdlYkn]dg[a\Y\]k?Ik ]d]ljgfk:im] MYrafb]lY\gk\]fljg\g _maY: \]eg\g Y k]j]e YlmY\gk hgj meY ^gjtYf]_YlanYh]dg[Yehg ]d]lja[g\Y ea[jggf\Y: MYr\]kY[]d]jY\gk ] MYr j]b]alY\gk?Ik ]d]ljgfk[YhlmjY\gk ] Y[]d]jY\gk h]dYea[jggf\YnaYbYe ]e hmf`Y\gk gj\]fY\gkh]dYk^gjtYk\] Y[]d]jYtYgYngfan]ak_]jY\Yk \]fljg\g_maY \] gf\Yk? KmYf\g mjf ]d]ljgf_Yf`Y]f]j_aY[af]la[Y:Y n]dg[a\Y\] Yme]flY ] k]YhjgpaeY\Y n]dg[a\Y\]\Y dmr?r]k\] im] Y n]dg[a\Y\]\gk ]d]ljgfknYjaY\]k\] EI& \Yn]dg[a\Y\] \Y dmr Yl] ]kk]f[aYde]fl]DCC&: C [gehjae]flg \Yk []dmdYk \]n] k]jem\Y\g \] eg\g Y eYfl]j[gfklYfl]Cl]ehg \] h]j[mjkg \]fljg\Y []dmdY
?lhgk Y Y[]d]jYtYg:C^]ap]\] ]d]ljgfk] \]^d][la\g\] EOCC ]e \aj]tYgYg akg[]fljghgj mjf[Yehg eY_f]la[g \] mjf kakl]eY \] ^g[YdarYtYgY[jgeYla[g (n]j £a_? E?F?o , \]\]knag \Y ljYb]lgjaY\g ^]ap]?C kakl]eY [gfkakl]\] lj]k [Yehgk eY_f]la[gk\ mjf[YehgeY_f]la[g []fljYd[ge Y afl]fka\Y\]\g [Yehg Yme]flYf\g hYjY^gjYim] ]klY []j[Y\ghgj\gak [Yehgk eY_f]la[gk `geg_]f]gk? sd]ljgfk[ge ]f]j_aYd]n]e]fl] eYak ZYapY gmeYak YdlYim] Yim]dY hj];k]d][agfY\YkYg \]knaY\gk \] lYdeg\g im] gk k]mk [Yeaf`gk] \aj]tYgkYg [gjja_a\gk\]fljg\] []jlgkdaeal]k?Ik ]d]ljgfk\] ]f]j_aYkka_fa^a[Yfl]e]fl]eYak ZYapYkgm eYak YdlYk im] Y hj];k]d][agfY\YkYg ^adljY\gkhYjY^gjY\g ^]ap]hgj mjf^adljg\] ^]f\Ye][Yfa[g?
£afYde]fl]:gk ]d]ljgfkhYkkYe hgj meY bYf]DY[gfklalma\Yhgj \mYk ^gd`Yk\]Ytg afgpa\Yn]d[ge ]kh]kkmjYk \] C:CI ee ] C:CMjge k]hYjY\Ykhgj meY [YeY\Y \] Y_mY\] D:MOjge \] ]kh]kkmjY? r]hgak \] YljYn]kkYj]eYbYf]dY:gk ]d]ljgfkhYkkYe YljYn]k\]mjf kakl]eY [gfklalma\ghgj \mYk ^gd`Yk\] ]khYd`Ye]flghYjY gZl]j meY \akljaZmatYg\]afl]fka\Y\]geg_]f]Y? l hjae]ajY gd`Y]f[gfljY\Yh]dg^]ap]]e k]m h]j[mjkg (^gd`YhjaeYjaY, ] \] lmf_kl]fag[ge ]kh]kkmjY \] C:DMee? sklY ^gd`Y hjaeYjaY k]jn] hYjY]khYd`YjC ^]ap]lgjfYf\g;g\an]j_]fl]] \] mlada\Y\]hYjYljYlYe]flg?C eYl]jaYd\]klY^gd`Y] \] Ydlgfme]jg Ylgea[g hYjYeafaearYjY h]j\Y\] ]f]j_aY[YmkY\Y h]dYe]keY? l
kmY ]kh]kkmjY \]n]jY k]j eafaeY \] eg\g Y hjg\mraj meY [gflYeafYtYg eafaeY \]
]d]ljgfkk][mf\Yjagkim] em\Ye E ]kh][ljg\] ]f]j_aYfY \aj]tYg\Yk ]f]j_aYkeYak ZYapYk?
l k]_mf\Y ^gd`Y (^gd`Y k][mf\YjaY,k]jn] hYjY hjg\mraj mjf [Yehg \] jY\aYtYg
`geg_]f]g hjaf[ahYde]fl]h]dYYZkgjtYg?l ^gd`Y] ^]alY\] eYl]jaYd \] ZYapg fme]jg
Ylgea[g: fg[Ykg \] Ydmeafag?l kmY ]kh]kkmjY \aeafma \g ]apg[]fljYd\g ^]ap]hYjYYZgj\Y?J]dYljg[Y\] ^gd`YhjaeYjaY[geg meY ^mftYg\Y ]f]j_aY\gk ]d]ljgfk] [gfk]_ma\YmeY ]p[]d]fl]geg_]f]a\Y\] \g [Yehg hYjY lg\Yk Yk ]f]j_aYk:]eZgjY eYfl]f\g Y]kh]kkmjY lglYd\g eYl]jaYd\Y ^gd`Yfg ^]ap]\] ]d]ljgfklYgZYapYimYflYhgkkan]d?C ^]ap]
] egfalgjarY\ghYj meY [YeYjY ^gjeY\Y hYj meY _jY\] \] ^agkfgYj[ge a^[ hgl]f[aYd\]
NCCngdlk?
I?E?F; JLCGsCLl sRJsLCsHoCl JLsFCGCHlLT
olFeLlolI rI sFsNLICGl or pa,
JYjY]klY ]ph]ja]f[aY:mladarYegk \] mjf "_Ymkke]l]j": eg\? n]dd NIC: im] ^gahgj kmY n]r [YdaZjY\g:k]_mf\g C ^YZja[Yfl]:[gfljYmjfe]\a\gj hY\jYg ]: [mbgk nYdgj]kgZla\gk ]e imYdim]j ]k[YdY\g e]keg: \a^]j]e ]e wD' \Yim]d] gZla\g [ge C e]\a\gjhY\jYg?Chjaf[ahaghYjYgZl]fqYg\gk nYdgj]k\] n ] Cs^]algBYdd:im] k] ]f[gfljYegkfY dal]jYlmjY\] mjf [mjkg \] eY_f]lakeg: \Y\g fY_jY\mYqYg ]e £aka[Y?
JYjY Y gZl]fqYg \gk nYdgj]k \] n: Y kgf\Y ^gaafljg\mra\YfghdYfge]\ag]flj]Yk h]qYk;hgdgk ] ]e mjf hgflg[gjj]khgf\]fl]Yg hgflge]\ag \Y ljYb]lNjaY\]\]^d]pYg?
l ^gfl]\] [gjj]fl]mladarY\Ygak]e]d`Yfl]Y \]k[jalYfYM][?I?FF?Ik nYdgj]k \Yk[gjj]fl]k^gjf][a\gkh]dY^gfl] gjYe egfalgjarY\gkhgj mjf emdlae]ljg \a_alYd] gknYdgj]kYhj]k]flY\gk]klYnYe \]fljg\] E&?
l £a_?I?E admkljYY [mjnY \] [YdaZjYqYg\] n p a
CALIBSACAO DO ELEUSOIMA
gC?DC?FC?MC?OC?SD?DD?FD?MD?OD?S
l [mjnY \] [YdaZjYKYg] YbmklY\Y h]dY]_mYKYgTn UC:DF(E·Al,? W(l, (I?D,(hdYfge]\ag: e]ag \Y ljYb]lgjaY,MmZklalmaf\gCnYdgj\] n \Y\g ]e (I?D,:fYsi? (F?N,im] \kTs a s(n,: gZl]egkT
L UC:OOSQe[ i(E) - C:2>=(Qe[) (I?E,E
l si? (I?E, ^ga mladarY\Y hYjY C [o[mdg \Y ]f]j_aY imYf\g nYjaYegk ][gf`][]egk C nYdgj\Y [gjj]fl]im] hYkkY fg]d]ljg`e:?lk af[]jl]rYkfgnYdgj\] s\Y\g hgj ]klY]imYtYg kYr Yim]dYkhjgn]fa]fl]kfYe]\a\Y \] n (si? I?D, ] fg nYdgj \]L (LaEC:C[e f C:F[e,: im] d]nY\gkfY si? (F?N,: [gfljaZm]e ]e (I?E, meY af[]jl]rYfgknYdgj]k\] s \] f E:M&?
I?E?I ; ETsRJsLCsHoCl JLsFCGCHlL
Jjae]ajYN]flYlanY\Y G]\a\Y \g skh][ljg \] sf]j_aY:mladarYf\gY oYeYjY \]CgfarYqYg[ge Cr]l][lgj \] £dm]f[aY?
ogeg ^a[Yegk aehgkkaZadalY\gk\] [gfkljmajmeY "pa[YjY"\] £YjY\Yq (n]j\]lYd`]kfg lh]f\a[], [geg \]l][lgj \] ^dm]f[aY:j]kgdn]egk mladarYjY hjghjaY[YeYjY \]agfarYtYghdYfY;hYjYd]dY:GEFFIF \Y JNQ ; £j]aZmj_: [geg \]l][lgj: ZYk]Y\gk fgk^YlgkYhj]k]flY\gkfYM][?E?I?M?
lk [YjY[l]jakla[Ykhjaf[ahYak\Y [YeYjY \] agfarYqYg] \g ]d]ljge]ljgYkkg[aY\g:Yhj]k]flYegk ]e k]_ma\Y?
I?E?MolLloNsLCMNColM rI rsNsoNIL ONCFCTlrI
\ \]l][lgjmladarY\g] [gf`][a\ghgj \gkae]ljg: hgak ] ]ehj]_Y\g hjaf[ahYde]fl]hYjY [YdaZjYd\Yg] e]\a\Y \Y \gk] YZkgjna\Y?C\gkae]ljg [gfkakl]\] mjf]d]ljge]ljg]meY [YeYjY \] agfarYd\YghdYfY;hYjYd]dY?l k]_maj \Yegk Y [YjY[l]jakla[Yk\g ]d]ljge]ljgT
\ \gkae]ljg ] [gfklalma\ghgj \mYk hYjl]k\aklaflYkTY \]fgeafY\Y\] rF ; I ] mjfe]\a\gj \] [gjj]fl]:mladarY\YhYjYe]\aj Y lYpY\] \gk]\ Y rC ; I e]\] Y [Yj_Y afl]_jY\Y:mladarY\YhYjYe]\aj Y \gk] afl]_jY\Y?HY rF ; I ] [gf][lY\gC [YZg \] Ydae]flYd\Yg\Y[YeYjY ]: hYjY[Y\Y [YeYjY `Y meY [`Yn] im] Y [gf][lYY meY ngdlY_]e \] hgdYjarYd\Yg^apY] hj];\]l]jeafY\Yh]dg^YZja[Yfl]?CYhYj]d`ghg\] k]j mkY\g ]e YeZa]fl]k gf\] Ymea\Y\] j]dYlanY\g Yj] []j[Y\] RM&?
lk nYjaYd\g]kfYlYpY\] ]phgkad\Yg\]na\gYk af^dm]f[aYk]pl]jfYkkYg [geg k]_m]TY, CfklYZada\Y\]fYngdlY_]e \] ldae]flYd\Ygspl]jfY
JYjYnYjaYd\g]k\] w DM&fgk nYdgj]k fgeafYak \Yk l]fkg]k(DDC:EEC]EICP, Y nYjaYtYg\Y LYrYg \Y d]almjY h]dY lYpY \] ]phgkatYg] e]fgj im]C:CM&?Z, Cf^dm]f[aY\Y N]eh]jYlmjYTHg afl]jnYdg\] l]eh]jYlmjY \] mkg (.DC vo Y . ICvo, Y em\YftY \Y LYrYg
]flj]Y d]almjY] Y lYpY\] ]phgkatYg] e]fgj im] w C:M&?[, Cf^dm]f[aY\Y Oea\Y\]T\ YhYj]d`gl]jfmjf kakl]eY im] h]jeal] [gdg[YjC Yehda^a[Y\gj] gk j]kaklgj]k
g`ea[gk Ydlgk]e meY l]eh]jYlmjY [gfklYfl]\] . IEvo? lg Ylaf_aj]klY l]eh]jYlmjYf]f`meY mea\Y\] hg\] [gf\]fkYj;k]fYkhYjl]k\] YdlYakgdYtYg\Y mfa\Y\]?
\ rF ; I l]jfmjfl]ehg \] ]klYZada\Y\]dgf_g: hgak Y LYrYg ]flj]Y d]almjY] Y lYpY\] ]phgkaqYg] [gfklYfl]\mjYfl] D Yfg[ge mjf\]knaghY\jYg\] wC:M&k] mladarYegk \]meY [YeYjY YZ]jlY(ljg[YeYkkY [ge YeZa]fl], ]e [gf]pYg[ge meY ^gfl]jY\aYlanY]^Yr]egk Y [gjj]tYg\Y d]almjY\]na\g Y nYjaYqYgfYeYkkY \] Yj \g ngdme] k]fkan]d\Y[YeYjY?
\ rF ; I Yhj]k]flYmeY [`Yn]im] h]jeal] nYjaYjY n]dg[a\Y\]\Y d]almjY?ogeg C
\gkae]ljg ]klY [gf][lY\gYg afl]_jY\gjrC ; I: mkYegk ]klY [`Yn] [ge Y [gfklYfl]\gl]ehg a_mYd Y C:I k]_ ??KmYf\g C fgkkg \gkae]ljg ] Y[ghdY\g Y mjf ljYtY\gj \]_fa^a[gk:mkYegk Y [gfklYfl]\] l]ehg dgf_ga_mYdY Ek]_?
r]fljg \Yk j][ge]f\Ytg]k\g ^YZja[Yfl]:Y [gjj]fl]\] ^m_Y ] \] w MpDC;DE leh ??g rF ; I bmflYe]fl] [ge C rC ;I l]jfmeY k]fkalana\Y\]Y jY\aYtYg\] ^mf\g \]
DC;R leh? L;d k]_ ??M]C YhYj]d`g]klY]e mjfdm_Yj gf\]Y lYpY\] ]phgkatYg\] ^mf\g ] EeLA`?: ]klY jY\aYqYghjgng[YjYmeY [gjj]fl]\] O p DC;DMleh?? l [gjj]fl]im]
[gjj]khgf\]Yg e]fgj nYdgj\] e]\a\Y fY]k[YdYeYak k]fkan]d\g rF ; I ] []j[Y\] F pDC;DE leh? Cklgka_fa^a[Yim] Y jY\aYtYg\] ^mf\g hjgng[YmeY [gjj]fl]\] []j[Y\] C:E&
\Y e]fgj [gjj]fl]e]fkmfan]d?l jYrYg]flj]Y d]almjY] lYpY \] \gk] fg afl]jnYdg\] e]\a\Yk ]e lg\gk Yk lj]k
]k[YdYk] [gfklYfl]] a_mYdY wI:M&?\, Cf^dm]f[aY\g NYeYf`g \gk oYehgk ] \Y LY\aYtYg \] £mf\g kgZj] gk oYZgk
\Yk oYeYjYk?
ogeg gk [Yehgk mkY\gk ]e l]jYhaY] fYk [YdaZjYSC]k\g Y[]d]jY\gjkYg eYagj]kim] Yim]d]k mkY\gk hYjY [YdaZjYtYg\Yk [YeYjYk: meY hYjl]eYagj \g lYdg \Y [YeYjY:\g k]m [YZg gm Y[ghdYe]flggm \g k]m [YZg \] ]pl]fkYg] ajjY\aY\g?l [gjj]fl]af\mra\Yh]dYjY\aYtYg] \] DC;DIleh?k]_?L;d [e;D fYk hYjl]k \g lYdg] [YZg \Y [YeYjY?l ajjY\aYtYg\Y [Ynad`Y\] [gf]pYg] kgim]l] \Y [YeYjY j]kmdlYmeY [gjj]fl]\] DC;DS
leh?L;d k]_?
l jY\aYtYg\] ^mf\g af\mrkgZj]C lYdg\Y [YeYjY ] fg k]m [YZg \] Ydae]flYtYg] fY ]pl]fkYg meY [gjj]fl]\] DC;I L;d k]_?[e;D ? s: kgZj] Yk hYjl]k\] Y[ghdYe]flgmeY [gjj]fl]\] DC;DSleh?L;d k]_ ??
lljYn]k \] mjf hgl]f[age]ljgafklYdY\gfg \gkae]ljg ] hgkkan]dnYjaYjC _Yf`g\g Yehda^a[Y\gj] YbmklYjC egkljY\gj \g rF ; I \] lYdeg\g im] Y e]\a\Y \] \gk] hg\]k]j ]e LY\k gm ·jYq(·q,?
lk af^dm]f[aYkkgZj]C afl]_jY\gjrC ; I kYr Yk e]keYk im] YlmYe kgZj] C rF ; I ]Yk af[]jl]rYklYeZ]e kYr Yk e]keYk?
l [YeYjY \] agfarYtYgmladarY\YfYe]\a\Y \] lg\Yk Yk [mjnYk \] ]kh][ljg\] ]f]j_aY] \] hgj[]flY_]e \] agfarYtYghjg^mf\Y^gaY [YeYjY hdYfYhYjYd]dY:\Y JNQ ; £j]aZmj_\hjgb]lY\Y h]dg rj? n]ffgGYjcmk: ] \g lahgGEFFIF?MmYk [YjY[l]jakla[Ykhjaf[ahYakkYrT
Pgdme] HgeafYd UC:CI[eF
raYe]ljg \Y oYna\Y\] UMeeraYe]ljg \g sd]ljg\go]fljYd UF:MeeJjg^mf\a\Y\]\Y oYna\Y\] UEeeGYl]jaYd\Y JYj]\] UJgda]lad]fg_jY^alY\g(oB E,skh]kkmjY \Y JYj]\] UC:CFee X E:Oe_?]e;E
ogjj]fl]\] £m_Y \Y oYeYjY UEpDC;DN lehogjj]fl]\] £m_Y \g oYZg aw EpDC;DI leh? ]e;C ?LY\;D ?kG]fgj\gk] UDjY\G]fgj[gjj]fl] UDC;DDleh?LY\;D ?kog]^a]a]fl]\] ogd]tYg a SS:M&(DICeLY\ Y OCeLY\,LY\aYtYgJmdkY\Y U^]ap]\] ]d]ljgfk
lhNk noYk l]flYlanYk af^jmla^]jYk \] gZl]jegk ]ehj]klY\Y meY ^gfl]]klYZadarY\Y\] [gjj]fl]:aehjgnakYegk Y k]_mafl]^gfl]TY, I ZYl]jaYk\] Ymlgegn]d \]DE ngdlk [Y\Y: da_Y\Yk ]e hYjYd]dg\Z, D "j]gklYlg"aehjgnakY\g: [gfklalma\ghgj meYj]kakl]f[aY]d]lja[Y\] [`mn]ajg\] EECPgdlk?
ogf][lYegk ]klY ^gfl]Yg ]d]ljgaeY"[gfklalma\g\] DIM]khajYkhgj ZgZafY] [ge[YjY[l]jakla[Yk\Y\Y fY lYZ? F?F: eYk k]e hj][akYjegk ]flYg:Y _]ge]ljaY \] ^g[YdarYtYg\Y\Y fYim]dYlYZ]dY?Cj]kmdlY\ggZla\g] egkljY\g fY a_mjYI?F?
``
l £a_?I?F egkljY E ]kh][ljg\] ]f]j_aY"YhjgpaeY\g":\g ^]ap]\] ]d]ljgfk_]jY\gh]dgG]nYljgfDE:[ge ]f]j_aYfgeafYd\] OG]P? rakk]egk "YhjgpaeY\g": hgjim] gkYdaf`Ye]flgk\g ^]ap]fY]fljY\Y] fYhgkaqYg\] kYa\Y(gf\][gdg[Yegk C \]l][lgj,^gjYe
hgka[agfY\gkYhjgpaeY\Ye]fl]fgjeYak Yk h]tYk \g ]d]ljgaeY: ] hYkkYf\g h]dg hdYfg
e]\ag ]flj] Yk e]keYk? Ik nYdgj]k \Yk ]f]j_aYk gjYe gZla\gk k]_mf\g Y [mjnY \][YdaZjYqYg\Y ^a_mjY I?E: gm e]d`gj: Y hYjlaj\Y ]imYqYg I?E: j]kmdlYfl]\Y [mjnY \][YdaZjYtYg\Y ^a_mjY I?E?E?:gZla\YfY DE sph]ja]f[aYJj]daeafYj?lk [gjj]fl]k gjYeegfalgjY\Yk[ge mjfemdlae]ljg \a_alYd?
Ik j]kmdlY\gk gZla\gk YljYn]k \]klY ]ph]ja]f[aYfgk ^ar]jYe Y[j]\alYjim] E
fgkkg \gkae]ljg [ge Y [YeYjY hdYfYhYjYd]dYhg\]jaYe k]j mkY\gk [geg \]l][lgj \]^dm]f[aY?L]klYnY Y_gjY e]d`gjYjegk Y _]ge]ljaY: Y j]kgdmtYg \g kakl]eY ]:Ydae]flYjegkE ]d]ljgaeY:[ge meY ^gfl]\] [gjj]fl]]klYZadarY\Y] \] [gf^aYftY?
I?F GsrCrlM s LsMOFNlrIM rIM sMJsoNLIM rs sHsL·Cl rI"GsPlNLIH DE"s "GsPlNLIH OI"
oYkmYda\Y\]: gm fYg:C ^Ylg] im] lan]egk Y ghgjlmfa\Y\]\] e]\aj gk ]kh][ljgk\]]f]j_aY\]kl]k Y[]d]jY\gj]kdg_g Yh]k Y ljg[Y\] kmYk j]kh][lanYk_maYk \] gf\Y: h]tY^mf\Ye]flYd \] mjfY[]d]jY\gjdaf]Yj?lk e]\a\Yk \gk ]kh][ljgk \] ]f]j_aY \gG]nYljgf;DE(Bo ; LaZ]ajYgJj]lg, dal]jYde]fl]g[gjj]jYe dg_g Yh]k Y egflY_]e \YfgnY_maY \] gf\Y] [gaf[a\af\g[ge C Ybmkl] \Yk ]f]j_aYk] `geg_]f]a\Y\] \gk "fgngk"^]ap]k\] ]d]ljgfk?C "G]nYljgfOI" \] oYehafYk bY laf`Yljg[Y\gY kmY _maY \] gf\Y ]ebmd`gASE:] hj][akYnY\] Yd_mfkYbmkl]k \Y ]f]j_aY] Ydaf`Ye]flgC ^]ap]?lkkae: Yk e]\a\Yk\] ]kh][ljgk\] ]f]j_aYgZla\Yk hgj Yim]d]k Y[]d]jY\gj]khg\]jYg k]jnaj[geg j]^]j]f[aY^mlmjY hYjYC[gfljgd]\] imYda\Y\]\Yim]d]k^]ap]k?
lk e]\a\Yk \] ]kh][ljg \] ]f]j_aY gjYe afa[aY\gk h]dg fgkkg Y[]d]jY\gjG]nYljgf;DE:\g BgkhalYd \Yk odafa[Yk\] LaZ]ajYgJj]lg:hgj [YmkY \Yk ^Y[ada\Y\]kim]h]jealajYe l]klYjY fgkkY e]lg\gdg_aY ] C ]kh][ljge]ljg a\]YdarY\g? lkkae:afa[aYj]egkY Yhj]k]flYtYg\gk j]kmdlY\gkY hYjlaj\gk ]kh][ljgk\g G]nYljgf;DE?
KmYk] [gf[gealYfl]Yk e]\a\Yk \] ]kh][ljg: ]e \aYk \a^]j]fl]k:eYk Z]ehj]paegk: j]YdarYegkY e]\a\Y \Yk [mjnYk \] hgj[]flY_]e \] agfarYtYghjg^mf\Y:Y hYjlaj\Yk imYak gZlan]egk gk hYjYe]ljgk ^aka[gk] [dafa[gk]klm\Y\gk ]e fgkkY l]k] \]e]kljY\g:(d, ] im] k]jYg [gjj]dY[agfY\gk[ge gk hYjYe]ljgk \g ]kh][ljg hYjY meY
[YjY[l]jarYtYg\] imYda\Y\] \gk ^]ap]keYak [gehd]lgk? sklYk e]\a\Yk ] hYjYe]ljgk kY[Yhj]k]flY\gkfgoYh? M?
I?F?E MCMNsGl rs oIFCGlolI ONCFCTlrI JlLl GsrCrlM rIMsMJsoNLIM HI GsPlNLIH DEs GsPlNLIH OI
l £a_?(I?I, YZYapgegkljY meY nakYg]e [gjl]\g YjjYfbg_]ge]lja[g ] \] [gdaeYtYg[gfkl^Oa\ghYjY Y e]\a\Y \gk ]kh][ljgk \] ]f]j_aY?l hYjl] (l, ] Y [YeYjY \]egfalgjarYtYg\g ^]ap]apY] gja_afYd\g YhYj]d`g:im] YhYj][]lYeZ]e fYk£a_?(I?D, ](I?I,? Yk lYeYf`gk \] [Yehgk: gm e]d`gj: Yk Yj]YkY k]j]e ajjY\aY\Ykfgk hY[a]fl]k:kY[gZla\Yk YljYn]k \] mfk "lmZgk" \] k][tM]kimY\jY\Yk ^apYknYjaYf\g\] MpM([ek, Yl]EMp EM ([e, ] \] [gehjae]flg F [gfklYfl] (^a_? I?I, a_mYd EE:C [eYhjgpaeY\Ye]fl]?C\]YdarYegk]flYgYk h]tYkn ] o \] eg\g im] E [gehjae]flg lglYd\](n 1 o, lglYdarYkk]C e]keg nYdgj \] F Yfl]jagj?l h]tY eY[atY Yhj]k]flYnYmeY[Yna\Y\] [adaf\ja[Y[ge \aYe]ljg a_mYd Y C:O[e: [ge C k]m []fljgYdaf`Y\g Yg[]fljg_]ge]lja[g \Y k][tYg \Y h]tYn ] l? l ]kh]kkmjY ]jY a_mYd Y E [e \] eg\g Yh]jealajim] ]fljYkk]]flj]Yk ZgZafYk\g ]d]ljgaeY"] ]f[YapYkk]fYh]tY (r,?
l h]tY (r, ^ga[gfkl^Oa\Y[geg meY j]hda[Ya\]fla[Y\g ^gjeYlg ] \ae]fkYg \Ykh]tYk;hgdgk \g ]d]ljgaeY:(im] kY[ [mjnYk: [geg egkljY\Y fY £a_ (I?I,? Hg afl]jagj\Y h]tY (r, ^ga[gfkl^Oa\YmeY [Yna\Y\][aj[mdYj[ge \aYe]ljg \] C:O [e ] jYagL U
EC:I[e? l ]kh]kkmjY \Y (r, ]jY a_mYd Y E:C [e: ]pYlYe]fl]a_mYd Yg "_Yh" ]flj]Ykh]tYk;hgdgk \g ]d]ljgaeY:?lkkae: ]d]ljgfk\]^d]la\gk[ge meY ljYb]lNjaYeYagj gm e]fgjim] L (\]fljg\] f C:FM[e, k]jaYe YZkgjna\gk h]dg Y[jada[g?lhNk k]j]e \]^d]la\gk:gk]d]ljgfk]e ngg danj]kY[ [gdaeY\gk YljYn]k\Y h]tYs ([ge ^gjeYlg k]e]d`Yfl]Y o, ] im]laf`YmeY [Yna\Y\][ge \aYe]ljg a_mYd Y C[e ] Ydaf`Y\YC k]m []fljg[ge C []fljg \Y[Yna\Y\]\] kYa\Y\Y h]tYr? r]fljg\Y h]tYs: ] Y CI[e \Y ^Y[]\] kYa\Y\Y h]tY r ^cYnYY [YeYjY \] agfarYtYghdYfYhYjYd]dY([ge Yk [YjY[l]jakla[YkYfl]jagje]fl]\Y\Yk,: [ge C
[]fljg\g ]d]ljg\g[]fljYdYdaf`Y\g[ge C[]fljg\Y [Yna\Y\]\Y h]tYs?Ng\Yk Yk h]tYk \] l Y s ^gjYe [gfkl^Oa\YfYI^a[afY\] Jj][akYg\Y £Y[md\Y\] \]
G]\a[afY\] LaZ]ajYg Jj]lg: _YjYflaf\gYkkae YdlYhj][akYg] Ydaf`Ye]flg\Yk h]tYk?Hgl]egk im] lg\Yk Yk h]tYk kYg YbmklY\Yk meYk Yk gmljYk YljYn]k\] hYjY^mkgk: \] eg\gim] C kakl]eY h]jeYf][]^apg] afYdl]jY\g\mjYfl] Y j]YdarYtYg\Yk e]\a\Yk? Mge]fl]hYjYg ^]ap]\] ]d]ljgf[ge ]f]j_aYfgeafYda_mYdY F G]P ] im] mladarYegk meY gmljY h]tY o[ge mjf \aYe]ljg \Y [Yna\Y\]a_mYd Y C[e: hgjim] Y Yfl]jagjj]\mraY C fme]jg \]hYjla[mdYkY mjfnYdgjfYg\]l][lY\gh]dY[YeYjY \] agfarYtYg?
---O2XSOAAJP-------xx---xxx ;;:???;
,- "D
O "~"n;:TD ^N
V,.S :TDCBB"(X ID
>>> (SCCCSh T'u K
o c[m l\ Q
;D;D_NN c F-(B
ca^, ;C
ccxD[j?;?
ARA>
lk £a_? I?M ] I?N egkljYe ^glg_jY^aYk\g kakl]eYadmkljY\gh]dY^a_mjYI?I?[geeYak \]lYd`]k?H]klYk ^glgk: n]egk \]lYd`]k\Yk [Yna\Y\]k ] ^gjeYlgk \Yk ] h]qYk: Ykkae[geg \]lYd`]\Y h]qY;hgdg\g ]d]ljgaeY:?
£afYde]fl]:im]j]egk ]f^YlarYjim] fYg `Y hgkkaZada\Y\]\] Ydl]jYjegk: meY n]regflY\Y: Y [gf^a_mjYqYg\g [Yehg eY_f]la[gafa[aYde]fl]hjg\mra\g fY [YdaZjYqYg \g
]d]ljgaeY:? sklY j]hjg\mlana\Y\]] _YjYfla\Yh]dg^Ylg \] im] Yk h]qYk ; ZgZafYk]klYg^aje]e]fl] hj]kYk Y ZYk]k \] Ydlgim] l]jfhgj kmY n]r hafgk_maYk?
? B]CsnEHRs\RCo]\l\RC \RC ]r]BelRC" £RBRDs\sC sC a]lG]C\] ]n]DBsrC]CDE\R\sC"asBRo £B]FlRo]rD] ]CDRS]n]Tl\RC] TRnTEnR\RC\] RTsB\s Tso R D]sBlR\R\R rs CR£' . ]R£B]C]rDR\RrR DRS'. '.'
? asrD] \] TsBB]rD] ]CDRSlnlIR\R]o£B]eR\R asl aRSBlTR\R£]nRN]TDBsn]o ,;;,"os\' NC? -(&.(A&E? Tso o]\l\sB \] . \lelDsC' ? asrD] asl R\·ElBl\R £]ns DsC£lDRn\RC
CnlrlTRC\] MlS]lBRs IB]Ds" ] D]CDR\RR ]CDRSlnl\R\] ·ERr\s nleR\R Rs ]n]DBsloR' IRBRDRrDs"osrlDsBRosC RTsBB]rD]RCCsTlRr\s]o C]Bl]EBr oEnDlo]DBs \lelDRn' O]BlalTRosC ·E]
R TsBB]rD] £]BoRr]T]E ]CDRF]n£RBRDs\sC sC FRnsB]C \] TsBB]rD]RD]-: ?o£" \EBRrD] EBrD]o£s \] ,: olr '' FC FRnsB]C lr\lTR\sC £]ns OsnDlo]DBs ]CDRFRoDs\sC \]rDBs \sC FRnsB]Clr\lTR\sC £]nRasrD]" o]rsC -~' ( TRSs ·E] Tsr]TDRRasrD] \] TsBB]rD]Rs ]n]DBsloR"D]Br
FO[e? \] eg\g im] E [gfljgd]\Y [gjj]fl]fg]kh][ljge]ljg hg\] k]j [gfljgdY\ggjY
\Yk kYdYk\gk Y[]d]jY\gj]kC
NCMCN·H·PNKaIo
sgeg bY \akk]egk? I ]d]ljgaeY? mladarY\g ^ga_]flade]fl]]ehj]klY\g \g
HYZgjYlRjag\g o[]d]jY\gjHaf]Yj\g £]hYjlYe]flg\] Baka[Y·ph]jae]flYd\g Efklalmlg\]
Baka[Y\Y QOL AOYg LYmdg AsYhalYdC·kl] ]d]ljgaeY?bad ^ga mladarY\g nadjaYkn]r]k hgj
Yim]d] HYZgjYlRjaghYjY egfalgjYjY ]f]j_aY\g ^]ap]\] ]d]ljgfkhjg\mra\g hgj Yim]d]
o[]d]jY\gjHaf]YjC
£Y Ba_CNCOn]egk im] Yk h]uYk \gk hYdgk MW> hdYfYk] [mjnYkC£]klY ^gjeY? mjf
]d]ljgfaf[a\af\gh]jh]f\a[mdYje]fl]] fgjf]ag\] mjfY\Yk ^Y[]kk]jY\]^d]la\gk]_mf\g mjf
Yf_mdg Y a_mYdNOv] [ge meY ljYb]lRjaY[aj[mdYj\] jYag?N f IE[eC o \aklYf[aY]flj]Ykh]uYk ] \] I[e? [gf`][a\Yhgj "_Yh"C ok ZgZafYk^gjYe ]fjgdY\Yk [ge ^agFE\] eg\g Y[gfl]jFNO]khajYkhgjZgZafYC
sgeg I fgkkg \]l][lgj?gm e]d`gj?Y [YeYjY \] agfarYuYg] mjfafkljme]flg[mbgngdme] k]fkan]dfYg] k]dY\g-ljg[YYj [ge E e]ag YeZa]fl].?k]ehj] Yfl]k \Yk e]\a\Ykl]klYnYegk Y kmY j]khgklYmladarYf\gmeY ^gfl]\] ·kljgf[agA\ECE ^YZja[Yfl]ge][]Y j]khgklY \Y [YeYjY f]klY ^gfl] fYk [gf\aug]kYlegk^]ja[Yk\] IEvs ] SREeeD_COYZ]f\gAk]im] Y eYkkY \] Yj\]fljg\g ngdme] k]fkan]d?fYk[gf\aug]k\] l]eh]jYlmjY?P KG ] hj]kkYgL?] [gjja_a\Yh]dg^Ylgj]
1Q<"I L& l Lg T=(' D F
P
gf\]?Lg f SREeeD_ ]?Pg f ISM?IB IE f I\M?I gG? ] hgkkan]dkYZ]jegk imYd ]g nYdgj]kh]jY\g\Y d]almjY\g \gkae]ljg hYjY\YlY] dg[Yd]e im]klYgC·kl] hjg[]\ae]flgafa[aYd_YjYfl] Ykkae Y n]ja^a[YuYg\g ^mf[agfYe]flg[gjj]lg \Y [YeYjY ] \g]d]ljge]ljgC
BafYde]fl]?hm\]egk n]ja^a[Yjim] \mjYfl] Yk e]\a\Yk \Yk [mjnYk \] ]kh][ljg?Yl]eh]jYlmjY ] hj]kkYg \]fljg\Y kYdYh]jeYf][aYe hjYla[Ye]fl][gfklYfl]kC
NCMCOLNKs·£EI·JPKO · N·OQHPo£KO ·TL·NEI·JPoEO
o hYjlaj\g eYl]jaYd ] [ma\Y\g YsdeY? ]^]lmYegk Yk e]\a\Yk \gk ]kh][ljgk[mbgk
j]kmdlY\gk kYg egkljY\gk fYk ^a_mjYk \] NCTY NCFIYZYapgCok ^a_mjYk \] NCTY NCFE
[gjj]khgf\]e Ygk ]kh][ljgk hYjY gk ^]ap]k\] ]d]ljgfk\g I]nYljgfFI -[ge ]f]j_aYk
fgeafYakj]kh][lanYk\] M?S ] FFI]R.Cok ^a_mjYk NCFF] NCFI[gjj]khgf\]e Yim]d]k
\g I]nYljgf SN -]f]j_aYkfgeafYakj]kh][lanYk\] S ] FEI]R.C
NCMCOoLjg[]\ae]flgk ·ph]jae]flYak
o hYjlaj\Y ·iC -NCI.? im] j]dY[agfYY ]f]j_aY\gk ]d]ljgfk\]^d]la\gk[ge Y
[gjj]fl][fg]d]ljgaeY"]dYZgjYegk meY lYZ]dY\] u [ge gk j]kh][langknYdgj]k \] Hokkae? [ge ]klYlYZ]dYhm\]egk k]d][agfYjhj]naY] jYha\Ye]fl]gk nYdgj]k \Yk ]f]j_aYkim] fgkafl]j]kkYnYe?h]dgnYdgj\] H af\a[Y\gkh]dY gfl]\] [gjj]fl]C
ok ]phgkaqg]k\] ajjY\aYqYg]jYe [gfljgdY\Ykhgj mjf[`Yn]Ye]flgfg hYaf]d\gkY[]d]jY\gj]k?im] h]jeal] k]d][agfYjnYdgj]k^apgkhYjYYk e]keYk ]?im] ]klYg j]dY[agfY\gk[ge Y \gk] YZkgjna\Yim] k] hj]l]f\]\Yj Ygk hY[a]fl]kCsY\Y mfa\Y\] ^apY\Yhgj Yim]d][`Yn]Ye]flg] [gf`][a\Yhgj mfa\Y\]egfalgjgm mfa\Y\]"\gk] YZkgjna\Y"C
LYjY eafaearYjegk E ]^]alg \Yk hgkkan]ak ldmlmYqg]k fgk j]f\ae]flgk \gkY[]d]jY\gj]k?\mjYfl] meY \Y\Y ]phgkaqYghYjY[Y\Y ]f]j_aY· k]d][agfY\Y?j]YdarYnYegklj]k]phgkaqg]k?[ge FEE mfa\Y\]kegfalgj hgj ]phgkaqYgCE nYdgj e]\ag D">&' \]klYk]phgkaqg]k]jYgZla\Y] YfglY\YC
KZk]jnYf\gY lYZ]dY\gk \Y\gk gZla\gk hgj ]kh][ljg?a\]fla^a[Yegk]f]j_aYeYakhjgnYn]dfYkmh]j^a[a];Q'P -n]j O][CICI?Ba_CICF.?Ykkg[aY\Y Yg eYagj nYdgj \Yk d]almjYk
e]\aYk gZla\Yk?\]fglYf\gAghgj A";Q'C7) JY k][qYg -ICNCO.n]ja^a[Yegkim] Y ldm]f[aY
e]\a\Y [ge Y [YeYjY \] agfarYqYg] hjghgj[agfYdY [Yj_Y [gd]lY\Y?gjamf\Y\Y agfarYqYghjgng[Y\Y h]dgk ]E]ljgfkaf[a\]fl]k]e k]m ngdme] k]fkan]dC·e gmljYk hYdYnjYk?hYjY mjf^]ap]af[a\]fl][ge ]f]j_aY_]f]ja[Y·? Y ldm]f[aYe]\a\Y? .O">&.,">&' k]jYhjghgj[agfYdWA";%' gZla\Y \Y ^gjeY Y[aeY] LS7";%IA";%) LYjY mjf^]ap][ge ]f]j_aY?;Q)P' l]jaYegk
]ln-; Q'P%IAL ; Q'P%!£]klY ^gjeY? Y ^dm]f[aYj]dYlanY?]ln-;% , ]ln-; Q'P%k]jY]
.>&1' - .>&1 ' ee =&1'H'2 =&1'"
H'2
bfV dRT d gR]`cVdbfV Z_UZTR^`d_Rd `cUV_RURd U`d XcReZT`d UV VdaVTec`d UVV_VcXeR:
l`^ RZ_decf^V_eRiR V ac`TVUZ^V_e`d RTZ^RUVeR]YRU`d,SeZgV^`d`d VdaVTec`d UVV_VcXZR ^`decRU`d _Rd WZXfcRd UV &E:N' R &E:AC':ad WZXfcRd UV &E:N' R &E:A?'T`ccVda`_UV^ RbfV]Vd^VUZU`d V XVcRU`d aV]` DVgRec`_.AC aRcR RdV_VcXZRd _`^Z_RZdcVdaVTeZgRdUV D,MV AADVM: ad WZXfcRd&E:AA'V &E:AC'dRT d VdaVTec`d aRcR`d V]Vec`_dT`^ V_VcXZRd _`^Z_RZd cVdaVTeZgRdUV MV A?DVM XVcRU`daV]`DVgRec`_.ME:
`` ?:F A A:FC C:FD D:FE E:FF
>G>K@Bl , FWO-
?B@CNCSU>LI>tMKH => >G>K@Bl IlKl >E>MKHGL => MFWd GHFBGlBL
;BL5D1A0 G5B0JAM0
'''''.B F>OlMKHG HI
^` A C D E F I M N . ,)
^N O P R S T HEHHHI HMHNHO
B .g'
^`
;5AN5 25 5B5JGEDI
?EN>GtBl K>ElMBOl
>G>K@Bl , FWO-
;BL5D1A0 G5B0JAM0
BR1>BF>OlMKHG RN
`^
5D5G<A0 ' CPM(
ok ^a_mjYk \gk ]kh][ljgke]\a\Yk fYg[gfl]e Yk ZYjjYk\] ]jjg?hgjim] f]klYk?hYjYmjf \Y\g nYdgj \] ]f]j_aY?l]egk Yh]fYkmjfhgflgC·kl]? hgj kmY n]r? ]klY Ykkg[aY\g
W \gak hYjYe]ljgk \aklaflgk]]f]j_aY] ^dm]f[aYj]dYlanYC·klY mdlaeY? hgj kmY n]r?^gagZla\Y
h]dg img[a]fl]]flj]gk nYdgj]ke]\agk \] d]almjYk?k]_mf\g E ]phgklg fYO][CNCMCOoCLYjYim] hm\]kk]egk ]^]lmYjI [YE[mdg\]kl]k ]jjgk l]jaYegk Ykkae im] ]^]lmYjegk nYfYke]\a\Yk \Y ^dm]f[aYhYjYmjf\Y\g nYdgj\] ]f]j_aYC
QeY YfYdak]\gk ]kh][ljgk \] ]f]j_aY e]\a\gk fY kmh]j^a[a]hg\]jaYk]j[gehYjY\g [ge Yim]d] Ykkg[aY\g Yg ^]ap]\] ]E]ljgfkafa[aYd-n]j Ba_CICICY.hYjY im]hm\]kk]egk YnYdaYje]d`gj Yk h]j\Yk \] ]f]j_aYk eYak hjgnMCn]d?im] g[gjj]e fgkeYl]jaYak]flj]Y bYf]FY] Y kmh]j^a[a]?Z]e [geg YfYdakYjI YdYj_Ye]flg\g ]kh][ljg
\]na\g I ]khYd`Ye]flg\] ]f]j_aYC
sgflm\g? mladarYf\gY ]imYqYg -ICICF.]?
;OITZP l ;OITZN ( A"B%JPM "0)0%
-·iC MCFMAEsNQ Aj]hgjlMO?j]^C\.hg\]egk ]klaeYj E Yme]flg im] g[gjj]m fYdYj_mjY \g ^]ap]afa[aYdhYjY Yim]d]
]kh][ljgfYkmh]j^a[a]hgj]
MQladarYf\g\]klY ]imYuYg ] \gk \Y\gk ]ph]jae]flYakgZla\gk YljYn]k\Yk Ba_kC\] 9,D Y 9,.1' ]dYZgjYegk Y lYZ]dY9,. YZYapg]
PYZC NCF] ·OPEIoPER o £K oHoNCoI·JPK £KO ·OL·sPNKO EJEsEoHLoNo OQL·NBEsE·
·eYp?g-I]R. ·h?g-I]R. -·eYp?gA·h?g."9':$
3 3,: 1,D -,CC D,: A,E .,A.. .9,- ..,9 1,A
C D,3 A,: .,D.- ..,D E,: 1,3
oljYn]k \Y PYZCNCIYaf\Yn]ja^a[Yegkim] hYjY I I]nYljgfAI?Pg] ]e e]\aY
[]j[Y \] F\CN' E nYdgj\] ·h?gC·fimYflg?hYjYEI]nYljgfASN?Lg ] []j[Y\] IF' ]e
e]\aY I nYdgj\] ·h?gCsgehYjYf\g gk \gak ^]ap]k?[ge ]f]j_aYkfgeafYaka_mYak Y SI]R?n]egk im] meY
nYjaYuYg\] []j[Y\] R' Y eYak fgnYdgj\] ·h?g hYjYI I]nYljgfAFI?j]kmdlgm hYjY]kl]?]emjf ]kh][ljg [ge mjf]khYd`Ye]flg\Y ]f]j_aY]e []j[Y\] FNCO'e]fgjC
·klYk [gf[dmkg]k km_]j]e im] Yk e]d`gjaYk ka_fa^a[YlanYkim] afljg\mrajYe\] mjfeg\]dg hYjYE gmljg -hgj ]pC?Y afljg\muYgfg I]nYljgfASN\] k]fkgj]k \] nYjaYuYg\]mfa^gjea\Y\]\g ^]ap].Y[Yjj]lYjYe]e h]j\Y ka_fa^a[YlanYfYimYda\Y\]\gk ^]ap]k[ge Yk
E EEe]keYk ]f]j_dYkfgeeYdOCBafYde]fl]?mjfgmljg \Y\g aehgjlYfl]] I afl]jnYdg\] ]f]j_aY[gjj]khgf\]fl]Yg
eq]d \] ^dm]f[aYj]dYlanYa_mYd Y ECO'CLYjYgk ^]ap]k\] M?S ] FFI]R fgeafYak \gI]nYljgfAFI?]f[gfljYegkj]kh][lanYe]fl]gk afl]jnYdgk\] ICOY MCFI]RaRCFY SCRI]R]aFECIY FICNI]RCLgj gmljg dY\g?hYjYgk ^]ap]k\] S ] FEI]R fgeafYak\g I]nYljgfASN? ]f[gfljYegk j]kh][lanYe]fl]\] OCSY SCMI]R]?TCOY FECMI]RC·kl] afl]jnYdg]aehgjlYfl] hgak ]klY j]dY[agfY\g[ge Y hgjuYg \Y [mjnY \] hgj[]flY_]e \] \gk]hjg^mf\Y?[gf`][a\Yhgj "j]_Qag\] \gk] \] ,Zmad\ mh, \gk ]d]ljgfkhjaeYjagk?\]na\g Yaf[dafYuYgYme]flY\Y \gk [Yeaf`gk\gk ]d]ljgfk"?rjY`e] ] On]fkkgf-NE.C
£Yk Ba_C -NCT.Y -NCFI. ]? mladarYf\gY ·iC-ICS. hYjY E sYd[mdg \] ·gZlan]egk gk k]_mafl]knYdgj]k]
soLEPQHK O
soNosP·NEUosoK £o MQoHE£o£· £K B·ET·]-N]dYuYg]flj]\Y\gk \g ·kh][ljg \] ·f]j_aY] LYjYe]ljgk \Y smjnY \] £gk] -gm
EgfarYuYg.Ljg^mf\Y.C
OCFCEJPNK£QsoK
·e fgkkgljYZYd`g\] e]kljY\g? -F. j]YdarYegkmjf]klm\g \Y imYda\Y\]\gk ^]ap]k\]]d]ljgfk[ge Yhda[YuO]k[dafa[YkCsgeg fYim]dY]hg[Y fYg\akhmf`Yegk? \] [gf\auO]kl][fa[YkhYjY mjf]klm\g eYak YhmjY\g? j]kgdn]egk im] Y_gjY ]jY I ege]flg hYjY]^]lmYjegkC sgflm\g? hYjl] \Yim]d] ljYZYd`gk]fl Y_gjY Yhjgn]alY\g] I ljYfk[j]n]egkYZYapghYjYe]d`gj ]fl]f\ae]flg\g ]klm\g im] k] k]_m]C
N]kgdn]egk lYeZ]e j]kljaf_ajE ]klm\g Ygk hYjYe]ljgk Yd[Yf[]hfala[g?-Nh .?Yd[Yf[]l]jYh]mla[g?NOO ]? _jY\a]fl]\] \gk]?C?\]^afa\gkYfl]jagje]fl]-n]jO][CICNN]Ba_CICR.im] j]h]laj]egkY_gjY [ge eYak \]lYd`]kCoaf\Y meY [gjj]dYuYg\Y imYda\Y\][ge gmljgk hYjYe]ljgk? [geg hjg^mf\a\Y\] \] \gk] gm agfarYuYgeYpaeY? NdKK ] Y£gk] Omh]j^a[a]?£k? hg\]fak]jgZla\Y\g hj]k]fl]ljYZYd`gC
OCIsKJOE£·NosK·O P·KNEsoO
OCICF£·OsNEsoK £o £EOPNErQEsoK £· £KO· orOKNRE£o JK ·ETKs·JPNoH
LYjY eYagj ]fl]f\ae]flg\Yk _jYf\]rYk] hYjYe]ljgk Yima ]klm\Y\gk? lYak[geg] Y.£gk] oZkgjna\Y?Z. Lgj[]flY_]e \] £gk] Ljg^mf\Y? [. I]\a\Y \Y \gk] YZkgjna\Y?]l[Ca]dYZgjYegk E oh]f\a[]EC Omhgj]egk Ykkae im] lYak [gf[]algkl]f`Ye ka\ghj]naYe]fl]YkkaeadY\gkC
o \akljaZmauYg\] \gk] YZkgjna\Yhjg^mf\Y?gm kaehd]ke]fl] \akljaZmauYg\] \gk]hjg^mf\Y]e mjf e]ag ajjY\aY\ghgj mjf^]ap]\] ]d]ljgfkl]jYh]mla[gk-lYeZ]e [gf`][a\ghgj ^]ap]\] ]d]ljgfkljYfk^gjeY\gk\g af_d]k"\]_jY\]\ Z]Ye". \] meY \Y\Y ]f]j_aY?l]jfmjf _jYf\] fme]jg \] ^Ylgj]k k][mf\Yjagk?[geg lYeYf`g \g [Yehg? \aklYf[aY\Y^gfl] Y kmh]j^a[a] -£oO.? [gehgkaCaYg\g e]ag? ]l[Co^ae \] l]jegk meY kalmYuYg \]e]\a\Y lYflg imYflY hgkkan]d af\]h]f\]fl]\]kl]k hYjYe]ljgk? ] hYjY ^Y[adalYjYk[gehYjYuO]k ka_fa^a[YlanYkY k]j]e ^]alYk ]flj] gk ^]ap]k\] ]d]ljgfk\] Y[]d]jY\gj]k\a^]j]fl]k?Yk e]\a\Yk ^gjYe ]^]lmY\Yk ]e mjf kaemdY\gj \] hd]pa_dYkk
-hgdae]lade]lY[jadYl]?LIIo. eYfl]f\g[gfklYfl]Y £oO fgeafYdf FEE[e ] mladarYf\g[Yehgk a_mYak Y FO p FOCok [mjnYk \] hgj[]flY_]e \] \gk] hjg^mf\Y fYg nYjaYeka_fa^a[Yfl]e]fl]hYjY[Yehgk eYagj]k im] ]kl]lYeYf`g?JosL -\S. ]IYjcmk -\T.C
o \akljaZmaqYg\] \gk] YZkgjna\Y-n]jBa_CICR.? hYjY mjf ^]ap]\] ]d]ljgfk[ge^afYda\Y\]kl]jYh]mla[Yk ] e]\a\Y Yg dgf_g \g k]m ]apg[]fljYd[] af^dm]f[aY\Yhjaf[ahYde]fl]h]dYhj]k]fqY\] eYl]jaYak? lYak [geg Yk ^gd`Yk \] ]khYd`Ye]flg?egfalgj]k \] ljYfkeakkYg? [gdaeY\gj]k -\\?NI?MF?FEE.C·kl]k eYl]jaYakh]jlmjZYe E ^]ap]afa[aYd]e lj]k eg\gk \a^]j]fl]k?Y kYZ]j]Y. YdYj_Ye]flg\Y \akljaZmaqYg\Y ]f]j_aY\gk]d]ljgfkaZ. daZ]jYqYg\] ]d]ljgfk]khYd`Y\gk] gjamf\gk\g [gdaeY\gj ]? im] ^Yr]e _jYf\]kYf_mdgk [ge I ]apg[]fljYd\g ^]ap]]?[. hjg\mqYg \] ^Rlgfk\] [gflYeafYqYg-FT.C
MmYf\g Y _]ge]ljaY \g ^]ap]] [ma\Y\gkYe]fl] \]k]f`Y\Y?Y h]jlmjZYuYg\Y ]f]j_aY\g ^]ap]C[YjY[l]jarY\Yhgj ]p]ehdg h]dg^Ylgj\] ]khYd`Ye]flg\Y ]f]j_aYaC_]jYdjf]fl]l]jf af^dm]f[aY\geafYfl] fY \akljaZmauYg\] \gk] YZkgjna\YCKk ]d]ljgfk]khYd`Y\gkgZdaimYe]fl]h]dg[gdaeY\gj\]h]f\] ]e _jYf\] hYjl]\gk ^Ylgj]k_]ge]lja[gk lYak[gegg lYeYf`g ]^]lang\Y ^gfl]?eYl]jaYak] _]ge]ljaY \] [gdaeYCaYg?] hg\]e k]j \]k[jalgkh]dgYf_mdg \] ]khYd`Ye]flgimY\fala[ge]\ag \g ^]ap]-n]j EsNQ -\. sYhCM.Yg Ylaf_ajg kaemdY\gj gm hY[a]fl]CMmYf\g ] _jYf\] E fme]jg \] ]d]ljgfk af[a\]fl]kgZdaimYe]fl] ] h]jlmjZY\gk Y hjg^mf\a\Y\] \Y \gk] eYpaeY ] \]kdg[Y\Y hYjY Ykmh]j^a[a]] E _jY\a]fl] \] \gk] -n]j \]^afaCaYgY\aYfl]. ] \aeafma\g[gfka\]jYn]de]fl]?-FT.C
o [gflYeafYCaYg\] ^Rlgfk _]jY\gk hgj Zj]ekkljY`dmf_? kYg hjgn]fa]fl]khjaf[ahYde]fl]\Yk ^gd`Yk\] ]khYd`Ye]flg ] gmljgk eYl]jaYak\g ^]ap]Co ^jYuYg\] \gk]\]na\g Y [gflYeafYuYg\] ^Rlgfk\]h]f\]\g eYl]jaYd mkY\g hYjY ]khYd`Ye]flg ]Yme]flY imYk] daf]Yje]fl][ge Y kmY ]kh]kkmjY [geg mjfj]kmdlY\g Yme]flY\g \Y hjg\mCaYgYme]flY\Y \] Zj]ekkljY`dmf_ ] h]j\Y kaemdlYf]Y\] ]d]ljgfkCE]^]alg\Y [gflYeafYqYg\gk ^Rlgfk] d]nY\Y ]e [gflYh]dYkmZljYCaYg\g "ZY[c_jgmf\ \] ^RlgfkfY\]^afaCaYg\g_jY\a]fl]\] \gk]C
o Ba_mjY -OCF.] j]hjg\mCaYg\g ljYZYd`g\] rjY`jf] ] On]fkkgf?-S\.? im] hgjkmY n]r Y gZl]n] \g ljYZYd`g\] r]j_]j ] O]dlr]j?-FEF.C ·klY ^a_mjY egkljY gk nYjagklj][`gk im] _]jYde]fl][YjY[l]jarYeY \akljaZmaqYg\] \gk] YZkgjna\Yfg]apg[]fljYdhYjY^]ap]kdYj_gkCsge E Yme]flg \Y hjg^mf\a\Y\] fg "h`Yflge" -gm kaemdY\gj. Y\akljaZmaqYg] [YjY[l]jarY\Yhgj]Y. \gk] h]jlg\Y kmh]j^a[a]aZ. Y \gk] \] "Zmad\mh" \gk]d]ljgfkk][mf\Yjagka[. Y \gk] \] "Zmad\mh" \gk ]d]ljgfkhjaeYjagk\]na\g Y af[dafYCaYgYme]flY\Y \gk [Yeaf`gk \gk ]d]ljgfk-]e ^]ap]kdaehgk ]klY k][CaYg] ^j]im]fl]e]fl][gf[YnYhYjY [aeY.a \. Y \gk] eYpaeY gf\] gk ]d]ljgfkk] YhjgpaeYe \Y \a^mkYg lglYda]. hYjl] \]k[]f\]fl] \]na\g h]j\Y Yme]flY\Y \gk ]d]ljgfkhjaeYjagkaY1k][qYg \Y
\aeafmauYg daf]Yj\Y \gk] \]na\g Yg "kljY__daf_"\Y ]f]j_aY] \g Yd[Yf[]\gk ]d]ljgfkhjaeYjagka _. Y [Ym\Y \gk ]d]ljgfkim] kg^j]jYe hgm[Yk afl]jYuO]kfYk hjae]ajYkhYjl]k \gk k]mk h]j[mjkgka ] ^afYde]fl]. I "ZY[c_jgmf\" \] ^Rlgfk _]jY\gk fg e]agkaemdY\gj ] fg Y[]d]jY\gj-h]dYbYf]dY\] nk[mg? ^gd`Yk \] ]khYd`Ye]flg? [YeYjYk \]ljYfkeakkYg?Yj?[gdaeY\gj?]l[C.C
g ZFCE
-,D'C A[-
]]F -,A-~wu[-AI -,9I
f
-,1NE
\-,-E?E ? EET gC]
CEDNh@CS,CCMDIMRNL\tOCeI?M C>?>IM? o\MILPC>o JLI@OH>o JoLo
@?CR?C >C_ ?FC_N'If FoLAIM HIHIICLf=CIBoCU CHDIMI CH>I HILHoCC MOJ?L'.=C? >o oCOoE oM FC_DNLoM 'M_'M_'C_HDUM M L?ACM?M oJLIRCGo>oU IH>?IM JLI=?MUIU >\Y?L?HN?M =oLo=N?LCSoH I 'ILDHoNI Io IMUNLECOCVoI >? >IMC_ o-CILP C>oE
IG
]uLP
'CEEE
fA[lYlE] f^E.D1
s£eb
SsD.IY
N`
M N O P RIIf LUf L bII LUf LII N?]l ,Neu?
xJLI@OH>C>o>? Ho oKQo .X]1
@CA RES>MMNLCtOC=oI N?LoJCbONC=o >? >IV? JLI@OHf>o sKJ oM >a@aHCAI?EU >? PKgKL KOC JoLoDG?NLIM COMo^IV HI N?RNI iE IG f I HCP?F >o>IM? GoRCGo otMILPaIoE IW ? o >IMg__MODL·NBEsEoH I^£dgo ?Jo LNKBQJKEKo£· £· KClOejh .IEII ge.? \Fs ·KAroscCNKQJ£" IY"@_NIHMEC A ? I ALo>C?HN? >f >IM?C JAEE? o JLI- OHIC>o I ? I ] ))/ ? Go 1.Ca iioC L''g oHsoJs· P·Nod]w·QPEsKC LII ? o JLI@OHfKEK,K· O·J xxxxxKQPKNo Y Nh E oHsoJKj]J?boNCIIE
OCICI£·BEJEsK·O · £EOsQOOK·O £KO LoNoI·PNKO
LYjY eYagj ^Y[ada\Y\]\] dg[YdarYuYg\Yk \]^afaug]kim] k] k]_m]e? j]h]laegk Yima Y
Ba_CICTYdl]jYf\gY kmY fme]jYuYg hYjYBa_COCI?\] eg\g Y eYfl]j Y j]_mdYja\Y\]\Y
fme]jYuYgCJY Ba_mjY -OCF.]klYg admkljY\YkYk \]^afaug]k\gk k]l] \a^]j]fl]khYjYe]ljgk \]
imYda\Y\]hYjYY \akljaZmauYg\] \gk] hjg^mf\Y fg ]apg[]fljYdhYjY ]d]ljgfkCMmYljg\]kl]k kYg hYjYe]ljgk \] Yd[Yf[]-NdKK, NTO? Nkg? LE_1Cmjf] meY e]\a\Y \Y af[dafYuYg\g_jY\a]fl]\Y k][[Ygaf[dafY\Y\Y \akljaZmasYg\] \gk] hjg^mf\Y-C. ] \mYk kY[ Yk e]\a\Yk\gk f]n]ak\] \gk] \] ]fljY\Y] kYa\Y\g ngdme] ajjY\aY\g-£k ?£p .C
OCICIAFE oHsoJs· P·NoL·QPEsK Nkk
^ Yd[Yf[]l]jYh]mla[g] E afl]jnYdg\] hjg^mf\a\Y\] \Y \akljaZma[Yg\] \gk]hjg^mf\Yim] \]n]jaY[gaf[a\aj[ge E ngdme] Ydng-gm ngdme] \] ljYlYe]flg.CLYjY meY\Y\Y ]f]j_aY\g ]d]ljgf?Y dYj_mjY\]kl] afl]jnYdg\]h]f\] \Y mfa^gjea\Y\] \]k]bY\Y \Y\akljaZma[YgfYj]_aYgYdngC] kYZa\gim] \a^]j]f[Yke]fgj]k im] FE' fY\gk] YZkgjna\Y]eYd_mfk [Ykgk hg\] [YmkYj meY em\Yf[Y [gfka\]jY\gfY\a^]j]f[Y]flj]Y ^jY[Yg\]hY[a]fl]k[mjY\gk ] Yim]dY kg^j]f\g\] [gehda[Y[g]k kmZk]iaa]fl]k?-FEI? -FESamjf^Ylgim] _]jYde]fl]aehda[Y]e ]k^gj[YjAk]\] eg\g Y gZl]jAk]meY h]im]fYnYjaY[Yg\]\gk] \]fljg\g ngdme] YdngCo mfa^gjea\Y\]\akljaZmasYg\] \gk] YZkgjna\Yh]jh]f\a[mdYjYg ^]ap]hg\] k]j e]d`gjY\Y Yd_meYk n]r]k e]d`gjY\Y h]dgYme]flg \] mjflYflg fglYeYf`g [YehgC OaeadYje]fl]?Y \akljaZma[Yg\] \gk] YZkgjna\YhYjYd]dYYg ^]ap]hg\] k]j^j]iaa]fl]e]fl]e]d`gjY\Y h]dg Yme]flg \Y ]f]j_aY \g ]d]ljgfCLYjY meY e]keYmfa^gjea\Y\]]e YeZYk Yk \aj][g]k] f][]kkYjagmeY nYjaY[Yg\Y \gk] ]e []j[Y\] h O'CQeY lYdh]im]fYnYjaY[Yg] mjf[gehjgeakkg fYg j]Ydakla[g]flj]ZgY mfa^gjea\Y\] ] mjfh]im]fg ngdme] ajjY\aY\g-YeZYk Yk km_]klg]k Y[aeY hYjY Yme]flYj Y mfa^gjea\Y\]Y[Yjj]lYe mjfYme]flg \g ngdme] ajjY\aY\g?im] ] af\]k]b]an]d.CE Yd[Yf[]l]jYh]mla[gYkkae l]jfka\g \]^afa\g[geg E afl]jnYdg\] hjg^mf\a\Y\]\]fljg\Y imYd Y \gk] YZkgjna\Y]p[]\]TO' \g k]m nYdgjeYpaeg? £e -[gf^ Ba_COCI.?rjY`e] ] On]fkkgf?-S\.?-FT.CLYjYY eYagjaY\gk ^]ap]k\] ]d]ljgfk\] YdlY]f]j_aYE Yd[Yf[]l]jYh]mla[g]kl]f\]Ak]\Ykmh]j^a[a]Yl]Y hjg^mf\a\Y\]\] \gk] hjg^mf\Ya_mYdY TO' \]k\] im] Y \gk] fYkmh]j^a[a]] ^j]iaa]fl]e]fl]eYagj im] TO' \Y £eC
o \a^]j]fqYeYak ka_fa^a[Yfl]]flj]Y \akljaZmaqYg \] \gk] hjg^mf\Y \] mjf ^]ap]\]
]d]ljgfk] Y \] mjf ^]ap]\] ^Rlgfk] Y \aeafmauYg emalg eYak af_j]e] -gm Y[]flmY\Y. fY
\gk] Yd]e \g Yd[Yf[]l]jYh]mla[g hYjY E ^]ap]\] ]d]ljgfkC·klY im]\Y faha\YfY\gk] hYjY
gk ^]ap]k\] ]E]ljgfk] meY _jYf\] nYflY_]e imYf\g ]pakl]e gj_Ygk Yd]e \g lmegj im]
\]n]e k]j hjgl]_a\gk \Y ajjY\aYuYg\]kf][]kkYjaYCE _jY\a]fl]\] \gk] Yg dgf_g \g ]apg
[]fljYd] meY e]\a\Y mlad \g \][dan]\Yk \akljaZmauO]k \] \gk] YZkgjna\YCo ^ae \] k]
gZl]j meY e]\a\Y \g _jY\a]fl]\] \gk] -S\?FT. im] o? ] Yl] hgkkan]d af\]h]f\]fl]\Y
]f]j_aY ] \Y [gflYeafYqYg \g ^]ap]hYjY gk ^]ap]k afljafk][gk\]^afamAk]?mjf _jY\a]fl]
\] \gk] fgjeYdarY\g?CC
AfC K: C EP
MR eYp, > D>O IF
gf\] C M= C ] E _jY\a]fl] \] \gk] YZkgdmlg [ge Y hYjl] daf]Yj \Y [mjnY?KW
]pljYhgdY\Y Yl] E eq]d \] \gk] eYpaeY? ] r ] Y hjg^mf\a\Y\] fg kaemdY\gjC £Y Ba_C
OCI?hg\]egk j]k[j]n]j C? [geg]
o hYjlaj \] meY \akljaZmaqYg \] \gk] hjg^mf\Y? E _jY\a]fl]\] \gk] hg\] k]jgZla\g kaehd]ke]fl] h]dY ]pljYhgdYuYg\Y k][uYg eYak af[dafY\Y\Y \akljaZmauYg?im] bY ^gjY
mladarY\Y hYjY Y gZl]fuYg \g Yd[Yf[]hjYla[g?Yl] Mm] ]klY afl]j[]hl] Y hYjl] j]lY`gjargflYd\]^afa\Y[geg jY\aYuYg\] ^mf\g \] ^Rlgfk?£u a ] E fan]d\] \gk] eYpaeY £add-R]j ^a_C OCI.CE _jY\a]fl] \] \gk] ] gZla\g Y_gjY h]dY \anakYg \g Yd[Yf[] hjYla[gh]dY\aklYf[aY]flj]]kkYk \mYk afl]jk][ug]kC·klY e]\a\Y \Y af[dafYqYgeYak Y[]flmY\Y\Y \akljaZmaqYg \] \gk] YZkgjna\Y ] -[geg n]egk \Yk ]imYqg]k OCFC] OCI. mjf fme]jgY\e]fkagfYdC
1.
f"0ACg
CY]r >@M MII X]
Kx
fTfIxxM,~$-
gg FE IE ME NE
.?_f HGXPEEi E@CAEREM-DI?J?HI?H=Co II ALoIC?HN? >? >IM? A^ Ho ?H?LACo GoCV
JLIQfP?F II ?F?NL`H Ho MOJ?L@.=C? gi M\GOFoIIL -·hl, FJoLo @?CR?V >? ?F?NLIHV GIHI?H?LA?NC=IM .P?L L?@CMPIo Yb?@EMPMS lPoP IM E@?CR?M >? o=?F?Lo>IL?M >? N?LoJCoE
r]j_]j ] O]dlr]j?-SN.Yhj]k]flYjYjf]e F\R\? PRimag?FYhYg?mjfljYZYd`g\] gf\]] hgkkan]d ]pljYajAk]Yk [mjnYk \] hgj[]flY_]jf\] \gk] hjg^mf\Y hYjY ^]ap]kegfg]f]j_]la[gk\] F Y REI]R af[a\af\gh]jh]f\a[mdYje]fl]]e mjfjf]agk]eaAaf^afalgCok ^a_mjYk \] -OCM.Y -OCR.gZlan]egk Y hYjlaj\Yim]d] ljYZYd`gC
gg ECF ECI ECMECNECO
A;A? l MGXP
C A; ;E;IAB1 T RGXP
gg
C ;A ?H?LACo DMI GXP
g-.139 : A C D
C A:AScSo~-P l IE aur
g^
AI15B;EL; 5; 5FJ;) AS
C A:MGXPeUNIGXP
gg
£]klYk ^a_mjYk? ] mladarYf\g\Y \]^afaqYg\g _jY\a]fl]\] \gk] \Y\Y Yfl]jagje]fl]?ljYqYegk Y [mjnY \g _jY\a]fl]CM hYjY gk ^]ap]kdYj_gk egfg]f]j_]la[gk ] egfg\aj][agfYak?]e ^mfqYg \Y ]f]j_aYfgafl]jnYdg\] F Y IEI]R -n]j^a_mjY OCS.C
R]egk \Y Ba_COCSim] fgafl]jnYdg\] F Y IE I]R I _jY\a]fl]\] \gk] C nYfY
daf]Yje]fl][ge Y ]f]j_aY] YhjgpaeY\Ye]fl]k]_mf\g Y j]dY[Yg]
Cg f I?FOBE?IRN-]e DM.Nh -OCM.
£g ljYZYd`g\] r]j_]j ] O]dlr]j?-SN.n]egk im] fg afl]jnYdg\] FEY MEI]R?Cg
] YhjgpaeY\Ye]fl] ]gfklYfl]] a_mYd Y M?OOCCg nYjaYemalg hgm]g [ge Y ]f]j_aY?
hgjim] E Yme]flg \g Yd]Yf[]hjYla[g?Nh? [ge Y ]f]j_aY eYak hjgnYn]d?·h?g a
ZYdYf[]aY \aeafma[Ygfg _jY\a]fl]\] \gk] YZkgdmlYC rjY`e] ] On]fkkgf?-FT.?
egkljYjYe im] ^]ap]k\] ]d]ljgfkl]jYh]mla[gk[ge Y e]keY ]f]j_aYeYak hjgnYn]dhg\]
\Yj ^]ap]k[ge _jY\a]fl]\] \gk] YZkgdmlg \a^]j]fl]k?hgak ]kl]k \]h]f\]e \] a I \Y\akljaZmaqYg]kh][ljYd]f]j_aYC
rjY`e] ] On]fkkgf?-FT. ] -S\.? a\]YdarYjYeE eg\]dg gf\]] hgkkan]dgZl]jAk]E_jY\a]fl]?C? \] mjf^]ap]"h]jlmjZY\g"-\g af_d]k A \]_jY\]\ Z]Ye. Y hYjlaj\] mjf^]ap]dYj_g?egfg ]f]j_]la[g] egfg \aj][agfYd?\] _jY\a]fl]Cg ?af[a\af\gkgZj] mjfe]ag`geg_]f]g ] k]eaAaf^afalgCE ^]ap]h]jlmjZY\g k]jaYgZla\gYhRk Y af[a\]f[aY\g ^]ap]egfg ]f]j_]la[gkgZj] meY hdY[YCFN\] eYl]jaYd\g kaemdY\gjCJYim]d] ljYZYd`g?-j]^CTI.gk Ymlgj]k hjghmk]jYe]
gf\]?[ a l F\?h l L]j\Y \] ]f]j_aYeYak hjgnadn]d\g ^]ap]egfg ]f]j_]la[gaf[a\af\g]e CFNC[ ] mjf fme]jg Y\e]fkagfYdim] \]h]f\] ^jY[Ye]fl] \Y ]f]j_aY\g^]ap]] \g eYl]jaYd \g kaemdY\gj?HYf\Ym?-NT.?rdmf[c ] S]klh`Yd?-FEN.?] [add[mdg\]Igfl] sYjdg hgj r]j_]j? -FEO.C·g ] Y ]f]j_aY \g ^]ap]egfg ]f]j_]la[g?im] hg\]k]ja\]fla^a[Y\Y[ge ·h?a f ·a? ]f]j_aY\g ^]ap]afa[aYd\g Y[]d]jY\gjCokkae? em\Yf\g YfglYqYgfY]imYqYg OCN\] ·g hgj·a ?]klY^a[Y]
Hfa`_U`, UV RT`cU T`^ fc_ ]VeYV V \dY\Z_, 'C(, bfV l C l. - l , R VbfRlR`- P - C~.'E.D.R(a`UV dVc cVdT_eRT`^`O
CRdT`_dZUVcRl`VdeVFcZTRdUV ]cRY^V V HgV_dd`_, 'IN( gV^`d bfV ; ^`UV]`RTZ^R ac`a`de` UZWVcV V^ C ^`U`d Wf_UR^V_eR]^V_eV UZWVcV_eVd URdT`_UZl`VdaVceZ_V_eVd R`d WVZiVd fdRU`dV^ cRUZ`eVcRaZROR(; WVZiV Z_TZUV_eV_R` a`UV dVc ^R_eZU` eR`Z_WZ_ZeR^V_eV ]RcX`,^`_` UZcVTZ`_R]V ^`_` V_VcXVeZT`R S(CR`ViZdeV gRTfV_ecV `d acVRSd`cgVU`cVd'W`]YRd UV VdaR]YR^V_e`, ^`_Ze`cVd, VeT( V ; dZ^f]RU`cRT( RdW`]YRdUVVdaR]YR^V_e` V `d `fec`d ^ReVcZRZd UV acV RSd`clR dR` cRcR^V_eV UR ^V d^RT`^a`dZlR bfV ; dZ^f]RU`c.
a`_eZ_fR_U`, `d Rfe`cVdT`_ecRRcXf^V_eR^ ; dVXfZ_eVO ?( \d UZWVcV_lRd Z_UZTRURd_` ZeV^ 'R( a`UV^ dVc Ra]ZTRURdRWVZiVd ]RcX`dUVa`ZdURT`ccVlR` aV]R ·ls eDsCKlGHD eD FJ\eG\eD V R Z_T]fdRU` VdaR]YR^V_e`URV_VcXZR U` RTV]VcRU`cV^o. \]V^ UZdd`,RVbfRlR 'E.E( dV Ra]ZTRR WVZiVd `_UV RcVUfl` U` XcRUZV_eV UV U`dV'cV]ReZgRR o`( V ac`gV_ZV_eV d`^V_eV aV]` R]RcXR^V_e` UR UZdecZSfZlRUVgZU`R`~decRXX]Z_X~URaVcURUV V_VcXZR .
.A(\ acVdV_lR U` Rc,dfS]Z_YRU`V^ 'S(,f^RgVk Z_T]fZUR dfR T`_ecZSfZlR`_`VdaR]YR^V_e` f;R d`^V_eV a`UV Z_W]fV_TZRcR UZdecZSfZlR`UV U`dV aVce` URZ_eVcWRTVV_ecV ; Rc V ; aRTZV_eVV a`ceR_e` _R` _` XcRUZV_eV UV U`dV. C( nZ_R]^V_eV, _` ZeV^ 'T(, RdUZWVcV_lRd _RT`^a`dZlR`, dVXf_U` ]cRY^V V HgV_dd`_, 'IN(, _R` Z_W]fV_TZRR VbfRlR`'E.E( UVdUV bfV VdeRT`_eV^ d`^V_eV R]RcXfcRUR^VeRUV URUZdecZSfZlR`URV_VcXZR, ;W`c^Re` UR bfR]V ^fZe` aRcVTZU aRcRUZWVcV_eVd ^ReVcZRZdT`^ R^Vd^R f; &]]f_T\VLVdeaYR], '?;D(. \ UZWVcV_lR UV ^ReVcZRZdfURR UZdecZSfZlR`U`d V]Vec`_d dVTf_UR_`dUV SRZiRdV_VcXZRd V RddZ^, R UZdecZSfZlR`UV U`dV saGJ '?A(. a`_efU`, VdeV VWVZe` VcVUfkZU`aV]RWZ]ecRlR` T`_dZUVcRgV]U`d V]Vec`_d UV SRZiRV_VcXZR _` Rc, TRfdRURacZ_TZaR]^V_eVaV]` R]e`a`UVc UV VdaR]YR^V_e`UV ^RddRUV eRZd V]Vec`_d.~ \ VbfRlR`E.Ea`UV RddZ^dVc fdRURaRcRVdeZ^Rc RUZ^Z_fZlR_` XcRUZV_eV UV U`dV V R UZ^Z_fZlR`dfSdVbfV_eV_` R]TR_TVeVcRaVfeZT T`^ RbfR_eZURUVUV ^ReVcZR]VdaR]YRU`c_` WVZiV~.
\ T`_WZc^RlR` UR VbfRlR` 'E.D.R( dR` `d URU`dW`^VTZU`d a`c ]V_VUVeeZ,'CA(OERcR fc_ WVZiV XVcRU` a`c fc_ ]VeRec`_ T`^ lZ CDD,CBVK, V VdaR]YRUa`c f^RW`]YRUV ?,Ac_^ UV TYf^S`RdfRdVUZURdUR`fc_ VdaR]YR^V_e` UV V_VcXZR f.C D,?
I]R-j][Yd[mdY\Y\] k]mk \Y\gk e]\a\gk hYjY F ee \] [`meZg.C I _jY\a]fl]\] \gk]lgjfY\g\] kmYk e]\a\Yk hYjY £oO l FEE]e? FOpEO? ] [ge meY ^gd`Y\] [`meZg \] F?I
ee ^ga F?MTC£Y ]imY[Yg -OoAY. ]kh]jYjaYegk Cl I?S VF A-O?IpN?FDNN?M.Wl F?NEC
Cg f I?S ^gagZla\g\gk \Y\gk l]Rja[gk\] r]j_]j ] O]dlr]j?-SN.C
Qjfgmljg ]p]ehdg im] [gf^ajeYY ]imYqYg -OoCY. ] Yim]d]Yhda[Y\gYgk \Y\gk\] mjfIa[jglgf?rjY`e] ]l [gdkC-FER.CLYjY]kl] YhYj]d`g ga[Yd[mdY\gmjf]khYd`Ye]flg\Y ]f]j_aYC [ge ] k]e ^gd`Yfg^]ap]gZl]f\gj]kh][lanYe]fl]gk nYdgj]k\] E?MI] E?FIOI]R?af[dmaf\g[gjj]qYghYjYE "kljY__daf_"] hgj jY\aYqYg?-FEN.CI nYdgj\] jE lYeZ]e^ga gZla\g Y hYjlaj\Y j]^]j]f[aY?-SN.Co hYjlaj\]kk]k nYdgj]k gZl]n]Ak]] C -k]e^gd`Y.l M?MpEF A -O?FpE?FIODFE?I.Wl M?E\]?\g e]keg eg\g? C-[ge ^gd`Y.l I?SSCKk nYdgj]k e]\a\gk j]kh][lanYe]fl]Y hYjlaj\Yk [mjnYk \] \gk] hjg^mf\Y?^gjYe] M?E]I?SC o [gf[gj\Yf[aY]flj]]kl]k ]ph]jae]flgk] Y l]gjaY] e]d`gj \g im] hg\]jaYk]]kh]jYj?[gfka\]jYf\glg\Yk Yk YhjgpaeYqg]k]fngdna\YkC
·e F\S\? rjY`e] ] On]fkkgf?-FT.? e]d`gjYjYe E eg\]dg Yfl]jagjCo_gjY? Yj]\mqYg fg _jY\a]fl] l]jYh]mla[g ]e j]dYqYgYim]d] \g ^]ap]egfg ]f]j_]la[g] [ge]f]j_aYa_mYdY ·h?g ] \]na\gY \gak^Ylgj]khjaf[ahYak]F. E YdYj_Ye]flg \Y \akljaZmaqYg\Y]f]j_aYh]dg kljY__daf_ \Y h]j\Y\] ]f]j_aY]?I.E YdYj_Ye]flg\Y \akljaZmaqYgYf_mdYjh]dYk afl]Nos]]K·O \] ]khYd`Ye]flgeqdlahdgC
^ `l]e F Yfl]jagje]fl][alY\g ] e]d`gj [YjY[l]jarY\gh]dYdYj_mjY lglYd fYe]\a\Y \g eYpaeg \Y \akljaZmaqYg\] ]f]j_aY?a E ?gm]
^ `l]e -I.? gm k]bY? E YdYj_Ye]flg \Y \akljaZmaqYgYf_mdYj] e]d`gj [YjY[l]jarY\gh]dgYf_mdg imY\fala[ge]\ag? EI CxCPCHaN? gf\]P ] E hg\]j \] ]khYd`Ye]flgdaf]Yj\ge]ag? rjY`e]? -MF.?EsNQ?-FM.?]oN ] Y dYeafY\g eYl]jaYd\g kaemdY\gj gf\]af[a\]E^]ap]\] ]d]ljgfk[ge ]f]j_aY·aC Lgj gmljg dY\g? k] kmhgegk im] meY ^jYqYg] \Y\aeafmaqYg\g _jY\a]fl]] \]na\g Yg ]khYd`Ye]flg\Y ]f]j_aY?] [gfk]im]fl]e]fl]meY^jYqYg- FA]. ] hjgn]fa]fl]\g YdYj_Ye]flg\Y \akljaZmaqYgYf_mdYj?rjY`jf] ] On]fkkgf?-FT.gZlan]jYe Y ]phj]kkYg]
Cl CgAI
[^I . 1 eFdF;TA;FATAA;Q'P F)EQ
£gk \Y\gk ]ph]jae]flYak \] DYj\]j? -FES. ]? rjY`e]? -IET. gZl]eAk] hYjY E
hYjYe]ljg Y\e]fkagfYd] E nYdgj \] E?NOCLYjY ^]ap]kl]jYh]mla[gk daehgk E ]khYd`Ye]flg
Yf_mdYj \gk ]l]ljgfkII fYkmh]j^a[a]?] emalg h]im]fg imYf\g Yk ^gd`Yk kY[ [gdg[Y\Yk ]e
_jYf\]k \aklYf[aYk\Y kmh]j^a[a]] Ykkae YlmYe [geg meY h]im]fY ^gfl] \] ]d]ljgfk
YhjgpaeY\Ye]fl] hYjYd]dgk?rjY`e] ] On]fkkgf?-FT.C
LYjY gk ^]ap]k l]jYh]mla[gk E ]khYd`Ye]flg \Y ]f]j_aY ] [gehgklg \] nYjaYk
[gfljaZmauO]k?
gf\] aY[]d k] gja_afY\g hjghjag^]ap]hjgn]fa]fl]\g Y[]d]jY\gj?a^gd`Y hjgn]fa]fl]\YbYf]dY\] nY[mg? ^gd`Yk \] ]khYd`Ye]flg? egfalgj]k \] ljYfkeakkYg? ]l[?]?^afYde]fl]?a Yj ?hjgn]fa]fl]\g YjC
OCICIANoHsoJs· P·NoL·QPEsK? (O
odYj_Ye]flg \g ·kh][ljg \] ·f]j_aY ] \Y £akljaZmauYgof_mdYj
rjY`e] ] On]fkkgf?-FT. ]?]e eaf`Y l]k] \] e]kljY\g? -F.? \]egfkljYegk im] E
Yd[Yf[]l]jYh]mla[g? NTO -kmhgklg ]f[gfljYjAk]fYhYjl]daf]Yj\Y [mjnY \] hgj[]flY_]e \]\gk] -gm agfarYuYghjg^mf\Y.? ]klY j]dY[agfY\g[ge _jY\a]fl] \] \gk] C? hgj]
[ge ]jjge]fgj im] F(E·klY mdlaeY ]imYuYg egkljY [dYjYe]fl] Y af^dm]f[aY\g _jY\a]fl] \] \gk]? ]
[gfk]iaa]fl]e]fl]\g ]khYd`Ye]flg \Y ]f]j_aYC fgYd[Yf[]l]jYh]mla[gC
O] kmZklalmajegk fY·iC -OC\.E nYdgj\] C \Y\g h]dY·iC -OCS.?gZl]egk]
AIAI I URVCj^ eClU
.% "> a eCl &2J FAsFAA,AF;AE;-FAT.At).!21 Q'P! -! Q C > LJ
g Q'C Q
gf\]]NTO -·h?g? E?E . l od[Yf[]l]jYh]mla[ghYjY mjf ^]ap]egfg]f]j_]la[g[ge ]f]j_aYa_mYdY ·h?g
ERR";Q'P'C'C%5EQ)H FAEuO Wg
>-l E?TO-FAT.
Cg
JY.ALAl > l E?1/JO)BLG(.
;Q'P
Z. [ l O?E-Y_mY.? ] l E?NO[. Cg l M?N?hYjYFEI]R &a·l ·hg &aMOI]R
"Q=^]ap]kegfg]f]j_C.?rjY`e]? On]fkkgf?-FT.LYjYYk [gfklYfl]kG ]G ?j]kmdlYe]
G f_ E?ME-[eCI]n .Ef_ E?FN
R]egk \Y ·iC -OCFF.?[gf[dm]e rjY`e] ] On]fkkgf?im] hYjY [Y\Y -I]R. \g]khYd`Ye]flg \Y ]f]j_aY ^]ap]?E Yd[Yf]]l]jYh]mla]g] \aeafma\g Ykkae \] E?M]e
[gehYjY\g Yg \] mjf^]ap]egfg ]f]j_]la[g[ge Y e]keY ]f]j_aY eYak hjgnYn]d ]?[gfk]iaa]fl]e]fl]?[ge E e]keg Yd[Yf[]hjYla[gim] E \g ^]ap]l]jYh]mla[gC£]n]Ak]j]d]eZjYj Yima im] ]klYk [gf[dmkO]kYhda[YeAk]kge]fl] hYjY^]ap]kl]jYh]mla[gk[geFEI]R uIX]]aaMOI]RCgf\]CKVff [gfklYfl]l M?NCLgj gmljg dY\g? k] fY ^a_C OCShjgdgf_Yegk ] gZl]egk \Y\gk hYjYCg hYjY ]f]j_aYk Yl] MO I]Ra n]egk im] fgafl]jnYdg\] FEY MOI]R Cg ff M?OO]fYg?M?N[geg kmhgklg h]dgkYmlgj]kC
o Ba_C -OCT.YZYapg egkljY Y nYjaYqYg\] NTO-·h?g? E? E. hYjY gk ^]ap]kegfg]f]j_]la[ggZla\gk Y hYjlaj\gk \Y\gk \] r]j_]j ] O]dlr]j?-SN.fgafl]jnYdgFI]R]]aa·h?g ]]aaIEI]RC
lEtlGt> M>KlI>NMBtHA K SO ,W\ BTJcT-
B'.(FgHFWO
``
o^ R]Xf^RddZefRi`Vd? Rf^V_e` U` R]TR_TVa_ZeZT` aRcRR`SeV_iR`UV fc_ URU`R]TR_TVeVcRaVfeZT a`UV dVc TAZ_ZTR^V_eVZ_dZX_ZWZTR_eV, Rd a`UV dVc UV Z^a`ceR_TZRbfR_U`? ef^`c `f ? g`]f^VR]g VdeRdZefRUaVce` UV `cXR`d dV_dZgVZdR cRUZRiR&a`cVhV^a]`, RdT`cURdg`TRZd':HfR_U` V VdeV ? TRd`, aVbfV_`d RaVcWVZi`R^V_e`d _RdUZdecZSfZi`VdUV U`dV a`UV^ dVc UV gR]`cTAZ_ZTT`_dZUVcRgVZdUV ^`U` bfV Rd cV]Ri`VdUV cVda`deR U`dV `SdVcgRURdaRcR? ef^`c V aRcR`d eVTZU`d_`c^RZd a`UV^ dVc ^fZe`_ZeZURd,£VcgZ_X V l`^ae`_, &A?C'SJgV_dd`_, Ve T`]d:,&A?D':odeV RcXf^V_e` T`_gVceV.dV UVZ^a`ceR_TZRTcVdTV_eV gZde`bfV Y`[V RdeVT_ZTRd V]Y`cRURdUV UZRX_`deZT`dUZda`_ZgVZdaVc^ZeV^ fc_ a]R_V[R^V_e` ^RZdacVTZd V T`_dVbZZV_eV^V_eV ? fd` VWZTZV_eV UV cRUZRi`VdUV R·eRbfR]ZURUV:
rZ_R]^V_eV, dV Jfa`^`d bfV ? R_Xf]` bfRUcReZT`VUZ` UV VdaR]YR^V_e` VUVdacVjZgV],Rob: &F:AA',e`^R.dVR
F:D.DaKoI·a]J o DoKFnFJF:D.A·EKIFnLlaF
GRcR SeVc^`d `d aRcR^Vec`d Ia,5-7' s , RaRceZc URdTfcgRdUV a`cTV_eRXV^ UVZ`_ZjRiR` ac`Wf_UR, SV^ T`^`, VdeRSV]VTVcRd cV]Ri`VdUV oa,` UV Ia, o` V 5JG'feZ]ZjR^`dU`dRTV]VcRU`cVd]Z_VRcVdDVgRec`_ AC V DVgRec`_ ME:GRcRRd^VUZURdURdTfcgRdUV a`cTV_eRXV^ UV Z`_ZjRiRac`Wf_UR,feZ]ZjR^`d? ^Vd^` U`dZ^Vec` V^acVXRU`_Rd ^VUZURd U`d VdaVTec`d UV V_VcXZR, bfV eVc_ R TR^RcRUV Z`_ZjRiR a]R_RaRcR]V]RT`^` UVeVTe`c:
a XV`^VecZR V^acVXRUR V_bfRUcR.dV _RbfV]RTZeRUR_` lRa: C, JVT&C:E:E',T`^`XV`^VecZR "S": EVdeR T`_UZi`Vd, Rd]VZefcRdV T`_dVbZZV_eV^V_eV RdZ`_ZjRi`VdW`cR^T`ccZXZURdaV]RCVZ U` ·_gVcd` U` HfRUcRU`UR nZdeR_TZRUV RT`cU` T`^ Rob:&C:E:D': MV^`d _RbfV]R VbfRiR`, bfV aRcR V^acVXRc^`d RT`ccViR` RTZ^RVacVTZd` T`_YVTVc^`d R UZdeR_TZRUR W`_eV gZcefR],J[, bfV dV e`^`f R_`ddRohaVcZV_TZRGcV]Z^Z_RcC, bfV UVdTcVgVcV^`d RSRZh`:
F:D:CoOGoI·oEl·a GIoC·D·EaI D
F:D:C.Al`_TVZe` URr`_eV G`_efR]MZcefR],Ji
a UVWZ_ZTRURW`_eV a`_efR]gZcefR]UV fc_ WVZhV UV V·Vec`_d V c_`decRUR_R WZXfcR&F:O'RSRZh`:GV]`WRe` UV bfV ? WVZhV UV V]Vec`_d Z_ecZ_dVT`eVc_ fc_R]RcXfcRWZ_ZeRV UVdUVbfV V VdaR]YRU_R[R_V]RU` RTV]VcRU`c,_Rd W`]YRdUV VdaR]YRc_V_e`,VeT: ,VhZdeV V^ TRURa`_e` URdfaVcWZTZVU` aRTZV_eV fc_RTVceRUZdecZSfZTR`R_Xf]RcU`dV]Vec`_d&gVc ·lIL &O':K`c_R_U` RUZcVTR c_RZd ac`gRgV] V^ TRURa`_e` URdfaVcWZTZV,a`UVc_`d V_T`_ecRc RW`_eV a`_efR]gZcefR]Jg, aV]RcVec`ac`[Ve` U`d cRZ`dc_RZdac`gRgVZd:E` VdaRT`UV WRdV,·lIL, &O',_R cVacVdV_eRTR` U` WVZhV _R dfaVcWZTZV U` aRTZV_eV, RdUZcVT`Vd c_RZdac`gRgVZddR cVacVdV_eRURda`c a`_e`d _` VZh` c_RZ`cUR V]ZadV U` VdaRT`UV WRdV:&odeVda`_e`d dR` RgR]ZRU`dT`^` UVdTcVgV_U` `d cRZ`dac`gV_ZV_eVd URW`_eV a`_efR]gZcefR]':G`UV `T`ccVc fc_R TVceRUVd_ZeZUVjUV Jg, dV RdcVec`ac`[VeVd U`d cRZ`d ^RZd ac`gRgVZd_R` Z_eVcTVaeRcV^ acVTZdR^V_eV f_dT`^ `d `fec`d V^ fc_ a`_e` ^ReV^ReZT`:odeRV f^RRac`hZ^RTRRTVZeRgV]UV_ec` U`d ]Z^ZeVdURU`dUV acVTZdR _` T`_eVhe` U` a]R_V[R^V_e`UV ecReR^V_e`:
Rd ac`aIdZe`d VddV_TZRZdURUVeVc^Z_RTR` UR UZdeR_TZRURW`_eV a`_efR]gZcefR]a`UV^ dVc cVdf^ZU`d T`^` dVXfVR A' l`ccVT`Vd aV]RCVZU` HfRUcRUURnZdeR_TZR_`da]R_V[R^V_e`d UV ecReR^V_e`: C' l`ccVTR` aV]R^Vd^R ]VZR_eVcZ`c _R UVeVc^Z_RTR` U`R]TR_TVacReZT`,V D' nVeVc^Z_RTR` URUZcVTRU` cRZ TV_ecR]:
a W`_eV a`_efR]gZcefR]V ? a`_e` UV cVWVcV_TZRaRcRRdT`ccVT`VdaV]RCVZU` ·_gVcd`U` HfRUcRU`_` a]R_V[R^V_e` UV ecReR^V_e`, rVYcV_ej, &A?O'V _R UVeVc^Z_RTR`U`R]TR_TVacReZT`,Ia, G`Y]Ze,&IC':a]V^ U` ^RZd,? VZh` WZdZTV UVeVc^Z_RU` aV]Ra`dZlR`URW`_eV a`_efR]gZcefR],V V VddV_TZR]bfV ? VZh` WZdZTU` WVZhV T`Z_TZURT`^ ? WVZhV RU`eRU`_` R]Z_YR^V_e`U` aRTZV_eV:
rZ_R]^V_eV, R W`_eV gZcefR]V fc_ a`_e` `_UV Jfa`^`d bfV dV T`]`TRU_V]V f^RW`_eV UV V]Vec`_d a`_efR]^`_`V_VcXVeZT` T`^ V_VcXZR ZXfR]oa,`, VdeVd ac`UfjZcZR f^RTfcgRUV RSd`cTR`ZXfR]RbfV]RU` WVZhV eVcRaVfeZTT`^ R^Vd^R V_VcXZR: DRZdUVeR]YVdeVIcZT`d d`ScVRW`_eV gZcefR]W`XV U` VdT`a`UVdeV ecRSR]Y`:l`_efU`, c_RZd Z_W`c^RT`VdeVIcZTRd a`UVcR` dVc `SeZURdUV,·lIL,&O':
R-x, ~:,D" E Puv-P-[pQ tp RQPVu eQPVWpN n-TVWpN
TUUW[W`Tb^`eZ]V^e
dZ`bcT[ a^c`UWU_^Z]b
aUTbbW`Z]YX^Z[,a-
c:VZBBZbb[eA]^`afgb g AAA l
,T__[ZUTb^`-
_TbZW]bac`XTUW
P-C-.~. S11S-r/ c40c1ouc-3Ss 0S1S S ac3c1uo-S_S/ ac 2
` UZda`dZeZg` bfV T`_ecfZ^`d aRcR R ^VUZkR` UR UZdeR_TZRUR W`_eV gZcefR],JVZ]fdecRU_R rZX: F:A? RSRZh`R
?E
? ?? ?
?
g
?, ?? ,D, ,))E :R
B:''
[.x, B)A<C LOeOnO Va JpnOPl Va Eb(Aiaoa mOnO but-[pQ Va M(Q
^ UZda`dZeZgRTZ^R,T`_YVTZU T`^` "lR^RcR UV efcRT UV a]WZ_VeV" &U Z_X]Vd,"aZ_Y`]V TR^SRc"', W`Z ZUVR]ZjRU a`c GVeVc dTYc`UVc.eRS`,V _`d V_gZRU` a`cT`ccVda`_UV_TZR aVdd`R]a`c ecRY^V V JgV_dd`_, JfVTZR:a TR^VcRT`_dZdeV UV U`ZdS]`T`dUV R]f^Z_Z` _UV JRnWVZe`d SfcRT`dTR_ZT`dV bfV, bfR_U`[fdeRa`de`d T`^`Z_UZTRU _R WZXfcR, aVc^ZeV ccf^ccfjRc ? VdTfcVTZ^V_e` _` WZ]^V ac`gV_ZV_eV aV]`dV]Vec`_d VdaR]YRU`dURdS`cURdU`dSfcRT`dV W`^VTV f^RRSVcefcRR_f]RcdfWZTZV_eV:FdT`_Vd T`^ `d SfcRT`dW`cR^ WVZe`d UV ]ReR` V R]Z_YRU`dacVTZdR^V_eV: a UZdeR_TZRV_ecV `d Wfc`dW`cR^ UV C,F V^ V RVdaVddfcRURTYRaRUV R]f^Z_ZZXfR]R D,? V^: Lc_dZdeV^R UV ^RUVZcRW`Z ZUVR]ZjRU`UV ^`U` R^`_eRc RTU^VcR V a`dZTZ`_RcE WZ]^V RdVcZccRUZRU&rZX:F:AARSRZh`':
N_lo UOoMTeTMoO= tSoR1AeSVR_TOl
P~- --((
H
HP---(-
'I~- ---,,,f--"
TN-. "C.33$I UvRPvWUNr v lNVWvPr SrUr rV dvuNurV uv lY
\ aRceZcU` RccR_[ URnZX. 'E.??( R_eVcZ`c V U` WZ]^V ZccRUZRU`,_UV RaRcVTVa`_e`dVdTfc`d _ZeZU`d, cVXf]Rc^V_eV VdaRlRU`dVWVefR^`d V_eR` ; TRsTf]aRcRH ,dVXf_U` RViacVddR`HHHT`_eZUR.
ERcR R^VUZURUV H ZccRUZR^`d; dZdeV^RT`^ fc_ TR^a` ?E i ?E 'V^(, eR^R_Y`VdeV feZ]ZkRUaRcR`SeVc RdTfVgRdUV a`cTV_eRXV^ UV Z`_ZkRlR ac`Wf_URaRcR; VdefU`.
BVgRec`_ ID - TR^a`?Ei ?El_VcXZR C`^Z_R],l 'BVK(
NE,?NE,I
?;?,C?;?,C?;?,C
E.C.CBlese\ e\H aJGK\H el EDGalCI\olB el sDCsN\a\D EGDnJCe\
ERcR ^VUZURURd TfVgRdUV a`cTV_eRXV^ UV Z`_ZkRlR feZ]ZkR^`dU` U`dZ^Vec`UZXZeR]UREIL - ncVZSfcXV fc_ dZ^f]RU`cT`_deZefZUUV a]RTRdUV RTcZ]ZTT`^ UZ^V_d`VdC; i C; V^ V VdaVddfcRdgRcZ]]gVZdUV ? R?; ^^. \]V^ UVdeRda]RTRdeZ_YR^`d eR^SV^f^R a]RTRfdZ_RURVdaVTZR]^V_eV UV ^`U` R RT`^`URc RTR^RcRa]R_R-aRcR]V]RT`^UZ^V_dR` C; i C; V^.
\_eVd UV Z_ZTZRc^`dRd ^VUZURd URd TfcgRdUV a`cTV_eRXV^ UV Z`_ZkRjR`e`^R^`d `d TfZURU`dUV VdaVcRc VdeRSZ]ZkRcV]Vec`_ZTR^V_eV ; U`dZ^Vec` V ReZ_XZc ;VbfZ]ZScZeVc^ZT` URdR]R.\aFd. VdeVd TfZURU`dR[fdeR^`dR TR^RcR V^ f^R W`_eVTR]ZScRURUV ldec`_TZ`-N;, UV ^`U` RgVcZWZTRcdV R dfRcVda`deRVdeRgRUV RT`cU T`^ ;
gR]`c VdaVcRU` aRcRRbfV]RUReR.HVXf_U` eVdeVd W`^VTZU` aV]` WRScZTR_eV_RdT`_UZj`VdUV A;; a V IF; ^^rX. \ GRkR` V_ecV ; gR]`c^VUZU` V ; VdaVcRU` T`ccVda`_UZRdV^acV R` WRe`c ;'E, I( C 'IF;,D:E(i'I:ANC,A( `_UV EVI T`ccVda`_UV^cVdaVTeZgR^V_eV R acVddR`V eV^aVcRefcRdR^SZV_eRZd_R Y`cRUR ^VUZUR.efcR_eV e`U`` ViaVcZ^V_e` RgRcZRjRUReV^aVcRefcR_f_TRVcR^RZ`c bfV A; a.
a`^` _R` _`eR^`d _R ViaVcZV_TZRUR VUZURUR UZdeR_TZRURW`_eV gZcefR]_V_Yf^RRddZ^VecZR_` VZi` TV_ecR]U`d TR^a`d_`d RaRcV]Y`dVUZU`d, R]Z_YR^`dV_eR` ; TV_ec`U` V]Vec`U` TV_ecR]URTR^RcRT`^ ; TV_ec` XV`^VecZT` U` TR^a` ?E i ?EfeZ]ZkRU`.
\ gRcZRjRURac`Wf_UZURUVW`Z VdeRSV]VTZURaV]`RTcVdTZ^ UV a]RTRdUV RTcZ]ZT`d`ScV R TR^RcRUV Z`_ZkRjR`.HV^acV bfV f^Ra]RTRVcR RUZTZ`_RUR,VcR TfZURU`dR^V_eVWVZe` ; R[fdeVURdfaVcWZTZVU` T`]Z^RU`cUV V]Vec`_d 'eR^SV^ T`_deZefZUV^ RTcZ]ZT`(.
ERcR VgZeRc^`d gRcZRj`VdT`_dZUVcRgVZd_R ]VZefcRU` U`dZ^Vec` ac`gV_ZV_eVd URdgRcZRj`Vda`ddZgVZdU` cV_UZ^V_e` U` RTV]VcRU`c,aRcRTRURac`Wf_UZURUVVcR^ e`^RURdbfRec` ]VZefcRdV R_`eRU`gR]`c VUZ` T`ccVda`_UV_eV. aRUR]VZefcRVUZR UV f^R URURac`Wf_UZURUVVcR ^f]eZa]ZTRU`caV]` cVdaVTeZg` WRe`c bfV T`ccZXV aV]R]VZU` Z_gVcd` U`bfRUcRU`,'VbfRjR A.D.C(,aRa. A. lddRd ]VZefcRdVUZRd T`ccZXZURd W`cR^ V_eR`_`c^R]ZkRURd V^ cV]RjR RbfV]VgR]`c^VUZ` ^RiZ^`, T`ccVda`_UV R ac`Wf_UZURUV UVZ`_ZkRjR`RiZ^R,G]DD&
\aRcV]YRXV^ V R ^Ve`U`]`XZR fdRURdW`cR^ Rd ^Vd^Rd V^acVXRURd _`d U`ZdRTV]VcRU`cVdVdefURU`d.
\d WZXfcRdUV 'E.?C( R 'E.?E( ^`decR^ Rd TfcgRdUV a`cTV_eRXV^ UV Z`_ZkRjR`ac`Wf_URaRcR; BVgRec`_ ?A.\d WZXfcRd'E.?F( V 'E.?I( T`ccVda`_UV^ R`BVgRec`_ ID.
\d SRccRdUV Vcc` _R` W`cR^ Z_ec`UfkZURd_RdWZXfcRdUV E.?CRE.?I aV]`d ^Vd^`d^`eZg`d R]VXRU`d_R HVT'A.D(, aRcR`d XcReZT`dU`dVdaVTec`d. aRURa`_e` V `SeZU`aV]`bf`TZV_eV URd]VZefcRdVUZRd`SeZURdaRcRTRURac`Wf_UZURUVV RaRceZcUV ecVd ]VZefcRd_VddRac`Wf_UZURUV.Dd gR]cVd W`cR^ V_eR` T`ccZXZU`daV]R·VZ U` s_gVcd` U` FfRUcRU` V_`c^R]ZkRU`d V^ cV]RjR`R`gR]`c RiZ^` UR]VZefcRVUZR, T`ccVda`_UV_eV RZ`_ZkRjR`^RiZ^R.
?;? AEDAO010E FGE;LD20
^`
?;? BHGBRltlH IKH?NG=l
`^ : .- .: 1- 1: 3- 3: 9- 9:
?;? BHGBRlUVlH IKH?NG=l
HEE
HE IE ME NE OE
IKH?NG=B=l=> ,\\IFFl-
,), BHGBRltlH IKH?NG=l
R 5D5G<A0 DECAD0B - CPM
^^ O HE HO IE IO ME MO NE
IKH?NG=B=l=> ,\\ IFFl-
?;? BHGBRlJlH IKH?NG=l
`` O HEHOIE IO MEMONENOOE
IKH?NG=B=l=> ,\\ IFFl-
Qbfhl jn^ Zl ikh_ng]b]Z]^l f^]b]Zl gh Z\kbeb\h ih]^f l^k \hgo^kmb]Zl iZkZ ZZ`nZ ZmkZo^l ]h _Zmhk ]^ ^l\ZeZ F: ]Z]h i^eZ ^jnZvZh ,E?I?M;[-?HoZehk Z]hmZ]h iZkZ F
_hb b`nZe Z D?DM?n\nkoZ ]^ ihk\^gmZ`^f ]^ bhgbsZvZh gZ Z`nZ Zllbf h[mb]Z p:ikZmb\Zf^gm^ \hbg\b]^gm^ \hf Zjn^eZ h[mb]Z ]bk^mZf^gm^ g^ll^ f^bh ·^kgZg]^l: ,D-?
n iZkmbk ]Z ]^_bgbvZh ]h Ze\Zg\^ ikZmb\h ]Z]h gh rZi? E: h·b`?,E?R-X:^ nmbebsZg]h Z^jnZvZh ,E?I?M;[-: \Ze\neZfhl Z ^g^k`bZ fZbl ikhoZo^e £i:h k^li^\mboZ iZkZ \Z]Z _^bq^?I^lm^l \Ze\nehl Mi gh Z\kbeb\h ^ \hgo^kmb]h iZkZ H k^li^\mboh gZ Z`nZ ZmkZo^l ]Z ^jnZvZh,E?I?M?[-:rZi? E? DSnZef^gm^:Z ^g^k`bZ f^]bZ gZ lni^k_b\b^ ^ h[mb]Z ZmkZo^l ]Z ^jnZvZh,E?I?O- nmbebsZg]h HoZehk ]^ MMC: ]^_bgb]h l^`ng]h Z _b`nkZ ,E?R-:rZi? E?
nbg]Z: ]^ Z\hk]h \hf Z _b`nkZ ,E?R-h[mbo^fhl ]^ \Z]Z \nkoZ: ]b`h: iZkZ \Z]Z _^bq^hl k^li^\mbohl oZehk^l ]hl Ze\Zg\^l m^kZi^nmb\hl: MRM ? rZe\neZfhl mZf[^f hl k^li^\mbohl`kZ]b^gm^l ghkfZebsZ]hl ]^ ]hl^: B l^`ng]h Zl ]^_bgbvM^l ]Z]Zl gZl l^vM^lZgm^kbhk^l]^lm^ \Zibmneh?
M?F?FrJMM£GnrnJ £IOM£ JN snsJN sJN £NK£rOMJN s£ £I£MBDn £JN KnMnH£OMJN snN rPMQnN s£ DJIDUnrnJKMJ·PIsn
n iZkmbk ]hl oZehk^l h[mb]hl iZkZ £i:h: f^]b]hl ZmkZo^l ]hl ^li^\mkhl ,o^k OZ[? I?D-:^ ]hl oZehk^l h[mb]hl ]^ Mi iZkZ \Z]Z _^bq^ ,o^k OZ[? M?F-:h[mbo^fhl Z _b`? M?DR?n^jnZrZh jn^ ZcnlmZfhl BY\nkoZ ]^lmZ _b`nkZ ^ ]Z]Z ihkT
£i:h f C?EE,H^Q- A D?SMv:CEChg]^ Mi ^ f^]b]h ^f \f?
>F>J@BoB > - EVN.
hE>NDIM > E>NDSO
^^ M O R T IH IM IO IR IT MH
oDtoFt> HJoLBtGBJ_-V\ RIdR.
?B@DPDITVNoJBoIoG =o >F>J@Bo >_^ tGE J_^
rhfiZkZg]h Z £j?,M?DN-\hf Z £j? ,E?I?N-: \Zibmneh E: o^fhl jn^ Z ikbf^bkZ\hg\hk]Z \hf Z l^`ng]Z ]^gmkh ]^ D?M(D nllbf: ih]^fhl ]bs^k jn^ Z ^jnZvZh^qi^kbf^gmZe ,M?DN- \hg\hk]Z i^k_^bmZf^gm^ \hf Z ^jnZvZh ,E?I?N-: nmbebsZ]Z ^
k^\hf^g]Z]Z gZ ebm^kZmnkZ iZkZ h[m^grZh ]^ £i:h Z iZkmbk ]^ Mi ?C m^k\^bkh m^kfh bg\enb]hgZ £j?,E?I?N- k^e^oZgm^ lhf^gm^ iZkZ ^g^k`bZl fZbhk^l jn^ FCH^Q?
KZkZ _Z\bebmZk nfZ f^eahk \hkk^eZvZh ^gmk^ hl ]hbl ^qi^kbf^gmhl,^li^\mkhf^mkbZ ^ Z[lhkvZh-: ^eZ[hkZfhl Zl mZ[^eZl ]^ ,M?FZ M?M-?
(<)FZ )BSbO,
.0@C
(<)F )BSbO,`
(Lm)
u_PCbeV )BSbO,
)RU,
(<)bee )BSbO,
(Lm)M (C)CSB
)ERJ,
MV (E))ERJ,
OMlJibVP BCrDekgBDBe A 9-A9 3-DL 3-LC 3-EE 9-I: :-I: :-I3l.CCA-S E-L9f F A-:I 9-IC :-E: :-3F :-:3 E-LC;mha
C'', 99 D-EE A-CA C-DD A-DL :-DC 99-D3 99-:3"(W
Y DV h__
D B',I c
OMlJibVP ;5DB
DBDBVCDC,h F A-:L 9-L: :-E9 :-9: :-C3 E-D3 E-3IkAA:??C
T\\ 93 C-I3 :-I: A-I: A-C: :-C: L-FI I-L3Cg]
(<) JD -oXdR. f 9-9D JD -HEEo.I I
(B) JB f K
a_ Ca`
Q - gepgOpeie ulpe QvOeget ':1C1D1E,u-t
Qt $ gepgOpeie ulpe QvOeget ':1C1F,
_oJoE>LJGK => >F>J@Bo E>=B=o H>DG >KH>tLJG > H>DG EVLG=G => oDtoFt>
> ->b_.u-t-EVN.
£ ,ne^?-u-t-EVN.
>G ->b_.
-EVN.
£J ,ne^?-
-EVN.
I'__-EVN.
hE>D ^->K_.u-
>CSB B ^ :;;.2 cC .lC :;;.2 2<1C.oCCSBs CSBS
(B)(C)
deptx TfNoit e uexNox ie- OOxPe- il "RtsoQeget UxtmOsie1
n iZkmbk ]hl ]Z]hl ]Zl mZ[^eZl Z\bfZ ^eZ[hkZ]Zl: cngmZf^gm^ \hf Z _b`nkZ ,M?DR-:Zl _b`nkZl ,M?DS- ,M?EC-:h[mbo^fhl Zl l^`nbgm^l ^jnZvh^l ^qi^kbf^gmZblT
B@f C D '1Qe]w Gm)l v llQe](
D. D:ROVYC X
Gm)l
,M?DO-
Roo f 'Gm)lnl f ]Roo'Gm)l)P( , C:DR X ; C:0=nl'2OdZ AAABGm)l AAABKKOdZ(
^h
a^E>_^
?B@DVPDIUVNoJBotoG => @^E@ tGE a^E>_^
aID'Qutxt,.aID'QuR
h^
?B@DPDMHVNoJBotoG => JTP->_^Ba^. CJTP->_^. tGE a^E>_^
D-C fh]^eh ]^ okZaf^ ^ No^gllhg ikhihlmh Zgm^kbhkf^gm^ ^ k^lnfb]h i^eZ^jnZrZh ,M?O-:]Z iZkZ C jnh\b^gm^ ]^ khA£i:hnkg oZehk b`nZe ZT^? ^ a C:IMq M:C,Z`nZ- a E:EM?CoZehk ]^ , ^ a C:IM ^ f^]b]h ^qi^kbf^gmZef^gm^ ^^hg_bkfZ]h m^Xkb^Zf^gm^ ,o^k m^qmh-? rhgmn]h C oZehk ]^ ^ a M: ]^ Z^hk]h ^hf C mkZ[Zeah]^ okZaf^ ^ No^gllhg ^ h[mb]h l^`ng]h C fh]^eh m^hkb^h ikhihlmh ihk GZg]Zn: ,IR-?IZh ^g^hgmkZfhl: gZ ebm^kZmnkZ H l^n oZehk ^qi^kbf^gmZD?C jn^ lZ[^fhl ^ jn^ iZkZ^e^f^gmhl ]^ [Zbqh U: ^ oZkbZ ^gmk^ I:D iZkZ Zenfbgbh bm M:CiZkZ C [^kbebh gh bgm^koZeh IH^Q VPV£i:h VPVNC H^Q ,o^k mZ[? E?E?D-?KZkZ hl ghllhl k^lnemZ]hl ^qi^kbf^gmZbl: l^Nnihfhl jn^ ^a C:IM: C oZehk ]^ ^ l^kbZT ^ a D:ROAC:IMaI:E? Nn`^kbfhl jn^ ^lm^oZehk iZkZ ^ l^cZ Zjn^e^ ^hkk^lihg]^gm^ iZkZ nkg lbfneZ]hk ]^ Z^kbeb^h: ^ gZh Zjn^e^ oZehkb`nZe Z M iZkZ C lbfneZ]hk ]^ Z`nZ?E-Ih fh]^eh ikhihlmh Zgm^kbhkf^gm^: jn^ k^eZ\bhgZh Ze^Zg^^ m^kZi^nmb^h ]^ nkg _^bq^ iheb^khfZmb^h: ]^ ^g^k`bZ £i:h: ^hf C Ze^Zg^^m^kZi^nmb^h ]^ nkg _^bq^ fhgh^g^k`pmb^h ]^ f^lfZ ^g^k`bZ Z ]bfbgnbrZh]h ikbf^bkh ^hf ZeZk`nkZ ]h ^li^^mkh ^ ]Z]h ZmkZo^l ]Z ^hglmZgm^ FI ,o^k ^jnZrZh M?DF-?okZaf^ ^No^gllhg: gh bgm^koZeh ]^ £i:h ]^ DCZ FMH^Q: lninl^kZfTBh a ^m^ a F:I: ^ a E:EMMi A£i:ha C:ME,^f?H^Q;D-\ k^lnemZg]h iZkZ FD nkg oZehk C:FC f?H^Q;~?
Ih bgm^koZeh ]^ £i:h ihk ghl i^ljnblZ]h: hg]^ Bh oZkbZ ]^ E:MDZ F:MM,o^k mZ[^eZM?M-h[mbo^fhl oZehk^l ]^ FD oZkbZg]h ]^ C:EOZ C:ME? ik^^blh lZeb^gmZkT^hfh FD ^_ngrZh ]^ Bh : ^ ^lm^ oZkbZ ebg^Zkf^gm^ gZ k^`bZh ihk ghl ^lmn]Z]Z : F VPV£i:h VPVDD, o^k·b`? M?O-\gZh in]^fhl ^lmZ[^e^^^k iZkZ Bh nkg oZehk ^hglmZgm^ ^ b`nZe Z F:I? Gh`h:g^lmZ k^`bZh ^lmn]Z]Z ^f jn^ Bh oZkbZ ebg^Zkf^gm^: ikhihfhl jn^ H oZehk ]^ FI Z Z]hmZkl^cZ b`nZe Z C:DRH^Q;D?
n ^jnZrZh ,M?DR-Zbg]Z fhlmkZ jn^ hl oZehk^l ]hl Ze^Zg^^l m^kZi^nmb^hl iZkZ_^bq^l fhgh^g^k`^mb^h ]^oZf l^k ]bfbgnb]hl ]^ C:DR ^f? rhgmn]h: Z^aZfhl jn^^lm^ _Zmhk ^hkk^lihg]^ Z nkg ^kkJbgmkh]nsb]h gZ h[m^grZh ]Zl ^nkoZl ]^ ,M?F-Z ,M?N-:jn^ihk lnZl o^s^l: _hkZf h[mb]Zl ]Zl ^nkoZl k^li^^mboZl ^ hkb`bgZbl ]^ o^k`^ ^ N^ems^k:,OI-?IZjn^e^ mkZ[Zeah: Zl ^nkoZl lZs Zik^l^gmZ]Zl gZ _hkfZ ]^ ,khAOh-s o^klnl 'uinl() hg]^ Z]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z: s: ^kZ fnembieb^Z]hk i^eh jnh^b^gm^ ]h Ze\Zg^^ f^]bh kh ^ Z ^g^k`bZ: Oh :]hl ^e^mkhgl bg^b]^gm^l? nl Z[^bllZl _hkZf ^qik^llZl i^eh jnh^b^gm^ ^gmk^ Zlikh_ng]b]Z]^l s gZ Z`nZ ^ hl Ze\Zg^^l f^]bhl?F- Pkg hnmkh _Zmh Z lZeb^gmZk ]hl ]Z]hl^qi^kbf^gmZbl h[mb]hl ^ jn^ hl _^bq^l ]^ ^g^k`bZl ghfbgZbl b`nZbl Z O H^Q: Zik^l^gmZf^g^k`bZl fZbl ikhoZo^bl ]b_^kbg]h ]^ N:O&? IhmZfhl mZf[^f jn^ ^gmk^ ^lm^l _^bq^l ZeZk`nkZ ]h ^li^^mkh ]h H^oZmkhg DE^ DI&f^ghk jn^ Zjn^eZ iZkZ CH^oZmkhg OI?£lmZl]b_^k^grZl ^gmk^ £i:h ^ aC ^hkk^lihg]^f Zl oZkbZrh^l ]^ S& ^gmk^ hl `kZ]b^gm^ ]^ ]hl^
Z[lhkob]Z: Z _Zohk ]h H^oZmkhg OI ,jnZgmbmZmboZf^gm^ nkg oZehk e^o^f^gm^ fZbhk ^f C:E-?rhgmn]h: H H^oZmkhg DE: Zi^lZk ]^ nkg `kZ]b^gm^ f^ghk: Zik^l^gmZ nkg Ze\Zg\^m^kZi^nmb\h fZbhk ^f N:R&?s^ Z\hk]h \hf Hfh]^eh ikhihlmh Zgm^kbhkf^gm^ ,o^k ^j? M?S-^kZ ]^ ^li^kZkfhl jn^ ^lmZ ]bfbgnb\Zh gh `kZ]b^gm^ ]^o^kbZ \hkk^lihg]^k Z nkgZnf^gmh i^k\^gmnZef^gm^ b`nZe? I- nbg]Z o^fhl jn^ hl _^bq^l ]^ O H^Q m^lmZ]hlZik^l^gmZf ^li^\mkhl \hf eZk`nkZl ln[lmZg\bZef^gm^ ]b_^k^gm^l? k C iZkZ CH^oZmkhg OI ^DI:M&fZbhk jn^ C a C iZkZ C H^oZmkhg DE?£lm^ ZeZk`Zf^gmh ]h ^li^\mkh iZkZ C
H^oZmkhg OI ^ k^lihglZo^e i^eZ oZkbZvZh ]hl oZehk^l Z\bfZ ^lmn]Z]hl iZkZ M`M ^ B: ^i^eZ fZ ]^_bgbvZh ]Z k^`bZh ]^ "[nbe]ni" fhlmkZ]Z gZ _b`?,M?DN-?
nl _b`nkZl ,M?ED- ^ ,M?EE- Z[Zbqh fhlmkZf \hfiZkZmboZf^gm^ Zl \nkoZl ]^bhgbsZvZh ^ Zl \nkoZl ]^ ^li^\mkh ]^ ^g^k`bZ iZkZ hl _^bq^l ]^ "O H^Q" iZkZ hlZ\^e^kZ]hk^l ^lmn]Z]hl?
& BGFBOotoG HJG?MF=o
;.; E>NoLJGF IM
;;;.; E>NoLJGF SO
^h
?DM>FtBo J>DoLBNo
h E>NoLJGF IM
CACE>NoLJGF SO
^h
·bgZef^gm^: ih]^fhl ]bs^k jn^ hl oZehk^l m^Nkb\hl iZkZ H Ze\Zg\^ m^kZi^nmb\hl ^Zjn^e^l ^qi^kbf^gmZbl ]b_^k^f ^gmk^ lb ikbg\biZef^gm^ ihk \ZnlZ ]h ^liZeaZf^gmh ]^^g^k`bZ ^ ]bk^rZh ]hl ^eNmkhglbg\b]^gm^l gZ lni^k_b\b^ ]h lbfneZ]hk?DrMP: ,S-: \Zi? N:l^\rZh N?I?F?DfhlmkZ Z ]^i^g]^g\bZ ]hl iZkZf^mkhl ^lmn]Z]hl \hf Z ^g^k`bZ ^ H
^liZeaZf^gmh Zg`neZk: Z iZkmbk ]h mkZ[Zeah ]^ okZaf^ ^ No^gllhg: ,IC-? IZjn^eZ l^\rZho^fhl jn^ Zi^lZk ]^ m^kfhl iZkZ ^lm^l Z\^e^kZ]hk^l `kZ]b^gm^ f^ghk^l jn^ E:F,bg]b\Zg]h jn^ ihllbo^ef^gm^ H lblm^fZ ]^ ieZgnkZ ^ \hebfZrZh lZs ih[k^l-: ^lm^l oZehk^llZh Z\^bmhl ihkjn^ hl Z\^e^kZ]hk^l ^lmn]Z]hl m^kg _heaZl ]^ ^liZeaZf^gmh jn^ f^eahkZfZ ngb_hkfb]Z]^ ]h _^bq^ ^ ]bfbgn^f Z kZ]bZrZh ^liZeaZ]Z Ze^f ]Z k^`bZh ]^fZk\Z]Z i^ehl\hebfZ]hk^l?
M?F?IrJIrGPNJ£N B£MnDN £ ·DIneN
h h[c^mboh ikbg\biZe ]h ghllh mkZ[Zeah ^kZ h[m^k hl ^li^\mkhl ]^ ^g^k`bZ iZkZ hlZ\^e^kZ]hk^l ^lmn]Z]hl: nmbebsZg]h nfZ ZiZk^eaZ`^f _ZfbebZk Z mh]hl hl _blb\hl ^ff^]b\bgZT nkg ^e^mkhbfZ: ^ nkg ]hlbf^mkh? Zl k^lnemZ]hl h[mb]hl i^eh ^li^\mkh ]^ ^g^k`bZkghlmkZkZf nfZ b]^gmb]Z]^ i^k_^bmZ \hf hl oZehk^l ]Zl ^g^k`bZl h[mb]hl ZmkZo^l ]Zlk^eZrh^l ]^ ^g^k`bZ;Ze\Zg\^?
Zl ^li^\mkhl ih]^kbZf m^k nfZ f^eahk \hg_b`nkZrZh l^ mbo^ll^kghl Z hihkmngb]Z]^]^ k^\nklhl iZkZ \hglmknbk nkg ^e^mkhbfZ: \hf \ZkZ\m^kblmb\Zl fZ`g^mh;Nmb\Zl f^eahk^l ^jn^ i^kfbmbll^f ^_^mnZkfhl mZf[^f nfZ \hebfZrZh f^eahk? nllbf: Z _h\ZebsZrZhih]^kbZ l^k Znf^gmZ]Z ZmkZo^l ]^ nkg ^e^mkhbfZ: \nb]Z]hlZf^gm^ \hglmknb]h iZkZ hl _bglik^m^g]b]hl ^ l^`ng]h C fh]^eh ikhihlmh gh rZi? I?
Z h[c^mboh ]^ f^]bk hl ^li^\mkhl ]^ ^g^k`bZ _hb Zmbg`b]h? rhf ^lmZihllb[beb]Z]^ kZshZo^ef^gm^ lbfie^l ]^ \ZkZ\m^kbsZk Z jnZeb]Z]^ ]hl _^bq^l ]^ ^e^mkhgl:ln`^kbfhl jn^ ^gmk^ hl _Z[kb\Zgm^l ]^ ZiZk^eahl \ebgb\hl ^ ZNNJreZrh^lgZ\bhgZbl ^bgm^kgZ\bhgZbl: l^cZ ^lmZ[^e^\b]h nkg ikhmh\heh ]^ ghkfZl ^ bgm^grh^l hg]^ l^ ghkfZebs^jn^ mh]hl hl Z\^e^kZ]hk^l ebg^Zk^l l^cZffngb]hl ]^ lnZl k^li^\mboZl \nkoZl ]^ ^li^\mkhl]^ ^g^k`bZl: kg^]b]hl gZh lhf^gm^ gZ lni^k_b\b^ \hfh _bs^fhl fZl jn^ mZf[^f l^cZkgbg\enb]hl hl ^li^\mkhl ]^ ^g^k`bZ ]hl _^bq^l bgmkbgl^\hl k^li^\mbohl? Nhf^gm^ ]^ ihll^]^lm^l nembfhl ^ jn^ l^kZ ihllbo^e ^lmbfZk;l^ hl oZehk^l ]Zl ^g^k`bZl gZl lni^k_b\b^l ]^lbkgneZrZhZgm^l jn^ ^lm^l ZiZk^eahl l^cZfZ]jnbkb]hl ^: l^f Z g^\^llb]Z]^ ]^ e^oZgmZkfhl Z\nkoZ ]^ bhgbsZrZh iZkZ h[m^kfhl hl f^lfhl k^lnemZ]hl?Khk hnmkh eZ]h: C \hga^\bf^gmh]hl ^li^\mkhl ]^ ^g^k`bZ ghl \ZmZeh`hl ]hl ZiZk^eahl i^kfbmbkZ k^ZebsZk nkg Zcnlm^ kgZbl
_bgh ]Zl ^g^k`bZl ]hl _^bq^l ^ ^lmZ[^e^\^k nkg \khgh`kZfZ i^kbh]b\h ]h ^lmn]h ]Z^lmZ[beb]Z]^ ]Z jnZeb]Z]^ ]hl _^bq^lo^kb_b\Zg]h Z fZgnm^gvZh ]Z MZsZh a HE£i:h ?
h l^`ng]h h[c^mboh ^kZ _Zs^k nkg ^lmn]h \hkk^eZmboh ^gmk^ hl iZkZf^mkhl
nmbebsZ]hl iZkZ ]^_bgbk Z jnZeb]Z]^ ]hl _^bq^l ]^ ^e^mkhgl ZmkZo^l ]^ nkg ^lmn]h ]Z
oZkbZvZh ]h `kZ]b^gm^ ]^ ]hl^ ^ Ze\Zg\^ m^kZi^nmb\h \hf Zjn^e^l h[mb]hl iZkZ hl _^bq^lfhgh^g^k`^mb\h? £lmZ \hkk^eZvZh ^ fnbmh bfihkmZgm^: ihkjn^ o^fhl gZ ebm^kZmnkZ jn^ hl_^bq^l fhgh^g^k`^mb\h Zik^l^gmZf f^eahk^l oZehk^l iZkZ ^lm^l iZkZf^mkhl ihk l^k^kg _^bq^lebfihl ^ f^eahk^l ]^_bgb]hl?C jn^ jn^k^fhl ]bs^k ^ jn^ hl _^bq^l fhgh^g^k`^mb\h eZk`hl:kghgh]bk^\bhgZbl Zik^l^gmZkg gh bgm^koZeh ]^ DZ NCH^ Q hl kg^eahk^l ^ kgZbhk^l oZehk^l
]^l^cZo^bl iZkZ hl Ze\Zg\^l m^kZi^nmb\hl ^ `kZ]b^gm^ ]^ ]hl^? Khk hnmkh eZ]h: _bs^kghl
nkg ^lmn]h ]^lm^l iZkZkg^mkhl ^f nkg bgm^koZeh ]^ ^g^k`bZ hg]^ h[m^fhl nfZ oZkbZvZh ebg^ZkBh gZh ^lmn]Z]h Zgm^kbhkf^gm^?
Jl k^lnemZ]hl ]hl ^lmn]hl Zjnb h[mb]hl Z\k^]bmh ih]^k^f l^k ^lm^g]b]hl Z hnmkhlZ\^e^kZ]hk^l jn^ `^kZf _^bq^l \hf ^g^k`bZl Zjnb ^lmn]Z]Zl ^: jn^ m^gaZf hl l^nl _^bq^l]^_bgb]hl ihk lblm^fZl l^f^eaZgm^l ,_heaZl ]^ ^liZeaZf^gmh \hf fZm^kbZbl ^ ^li^llnkZll^f^eaZgm^l: \hebfZvZh ^ ^m\?-?
·bgZef^gm^: C jn^ fZbl ghl `kZmb_b\hn \hf ^lm^ mkZ[Zeah _hb Z hihkmngb]Z]^ gZh lh ]^l^ f^]bk ^ ^lmn]Zk hl ^li^\mkhl ]^ ^g^k`bZ ^: k^eZ\bhgZg]h;hl \hf hnmkhl iZkZf^mkhl ]^jnZeb]Z]^?C jn^ k^Zef^gm^ ghl `kZmb_b\hn _hb m^k o^kb_b\Z]h:fZbl ]h jn^ nfZ ihllb[beb]Z]^:Z \^km^sZ ]^ l^ ih]^k Z]hmZk Z f^mh]heh`bZ ^ Z bglmknf^gmZe\ZhnmbebsZ]Z iZkZ nfZ f^]b]Zkhmbg^bkZ ]Z jnZeb]Z]^ ]hl _^bq^l ]^ ^emvmkhglm^kZi^nmb\hl?
Kk^m^g]^fhl \hf ^lm^ Zi^g]b\^ ]Zk nfZ gbib]Z oblZh lh[k^ Ze`ngl \hg\^bmhl\hfnf^gm^ nlZ]hl ihk Zjn^e^l jn^ mkZ[ZeaZkg \hf Z ·blb\Z ]Zl MZ]bZvM^lZieb\Z]Z gZH^]b\bgZ ^ jn^ lZs mZf[^f nmbebsZ]Zl gZ ]hlbf^mkbZ ]Zl kZ]bZvM^l?
KZkZ fZbhk^l ]^mZea^l lh[k^ hl Zllngmhl Z[hk]Z]hl: k^\hf^g]Zfhl jn^ l^EZkg^lmn]Z]Zl Zl k^_^k^g\bZl bg]b\Z]Zl?
rhglb]^k^fhl nkg i^jn^gh ^e^f^gmh ]^ ohenf^ Q( \^gmkZ]C( ^f nkg ihgmh KjnZejn^k ]^gmkh ]^ nkg f^bh lh[ bkkZ]bZvZh?sbs^fhl jn^ ^qblm^ ^jnbeb[kbh ^e^mkhgb\h ]ZliZkmb\neZl \Zkk^`Z]Zl eb[^kZ]Zl ]nkZgm^ Z bkkZ]bZvZh ]^gmkh ]h ohenf^ Q( l^ h[l^koZkfhljn^ \Z]Z ^e^mkhg jn^ ]^bqZ Q( ^ ln[lmbmnb]h ihk hnmkh ]^ ^g^k`bZ b]^gmb\Z ^gmkZg]h ghf^lfh ^e^f^gmh ]^ ohenf^?£gmZh: Z \Zk`Z ikh]nsb]Z ^f Q(l^gb b`nZe Zjn^eZ ikh]nsb]Zi^ehl ^e^mkhgl jn^ l^ hkb`bgZkZf ^f Q(V nmmbq: ^m \hel?:,D- X?n ikh_ng]b]Z]^ ]^ ^jnbeb[kbh^e^mkhgb\h ^ Zjn^eZ \hkk^lihg]^gm^ Zh Ze\Zg\^ f^]bh ]hl ^e^mkhgl ^f nkg f^bhahfh`^g^h V,Ehag: ARECX?
£f DSMI:C Dgm^kgZmbhgZerhffbllbhg hg MZ]bZmbhg Pgbml Zg] H^Zlnk^f^gml VDrMP: ,ON-X ]^_bgbnT"n ]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z iZkZ jnZejn^k kZ]bZvZh ^ Z jnZgmb]Z]^ ]^ ^g^k`bZ\^]b]Z Z fZm^kbZ ihk ngb]Z]^ ]^ fZllZ ]h fZm^kbZe bkkZ]bZ]h gh en`Zk ]^ bgm^k^ll^? £lmZl^kZ ^qik^llZ]Z ^f kZ]l? CkZ] ^ Z ngb]Z]^ ]^ ]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z ^ ^ DCCk`lA`?
£f DSOM:C !KkpdnkaphlkaiEljhpdd lk [dhfgpo akc Odaoqndo!ndolirdqngb_hkfbsZk Z ngb]Z]^ ]^ ]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z ]^gmkh ]h lblm^fZ ]^ f^]b]Z ngbo^klZe \hga^\b]Zihk H?F?N? £f ahf^gZ`^f Zhl fnbmhl mkZ[Zeahl ik^lmZ]hl ihk G?C?BkZr gZ Zk^Z ]^]hlbf^mkbZ ]Zl kZ]bZvM^l:]^_bgbn;l^ nfZ ghoZ ngb]Z]^ ]^ ]hl^ Z[lhkob]ZV DrMP: ,OO-X:CBkZr ,Br-T
DE f DCCMZ]DF`
n ]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z ^f nfZ ]Z]Z ikh_ng]b]Z]^ ]^ nkg f^bh bkkZ]bZ]h ^ `^kZef^gm^:\Ze\neZ]Z ZmkZo^l ]^ nfZ f^]b]Z ]^ bhgbsZ\Zh ikh]nsb]Z gZjn^e^ ihgmh? n m^hkbZ ^f jn^ l^[Zl^bZ H \Ze\neh ]Z ]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z ^ Zjn^eZ \hga^\b]Z ihk pdlnhaca barhcacd cd Dnaff,Inat Vnmmbq: ^m \hel?: ,D-X?Ih Cokh "MZ]bZmbhg shlbf^mkr",e-: m^kg nkg ^lmn]h \hfie^mhlh[k^ ^lmZ m^hkbZ ^ Zl \hg]b\h^l jn^ ]^o^ m^k Zl \Zob]Z]^l ,hn f^eahk: hl ohenf^l- l^lbo^bl]^ nfZ \ZfZkZ ]^ bhgbsZ\Zh iZkZ jn^ l^cZf \hglb]^kZ]Zl \hfh \Zob]Z]^l okZ``;BkZr?LnZg]h \Ze\neZfhl Z ]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z ZmkZo^l ]^ nfZ f^]b]Z ]Z bhgbsZ\Zh gnf ihgmh Z nfZ]Z]Z ikh_ng]b]Z]^: nmbebsZg]h ]^ nfZ \ZfZkZ ]^ bhgbsZ\Zh: m^fhlT
s Z`nZ: n f Is HP Kn ,N Z`nZ:Zk- n VInrK: ,I-X ,n-
Is f ·Zmhk jn^ \hgo^km^ Z bhgbsZrZh f^]b]Z i^eZ \ZfZkZ ^f ]hl^ Z[lhkob]Z? N^ ZbhgbsZ\Zh ^ f^]b]Z ^f rhnehf[l ,r-: Z ngb]Z]^ ]^IJ MZ] hn CWdDDl^ C^e^mkhf^mkh
O OZi^gZl bg]b\Z nfZ e^bmnkZ jn^ ^ ikhihk\bhgZe bm \Zk`Z: Z ngb]Z]^Is l^kZ
MZ] hne^bmnkZ ,hn ]bo?fhgbmhk-
Bre^bmnkZ ,hn ]bo?gh fhgbmhk-
HP f G^b]mnkZ ]h f^]b]]hk gZ kZ]bZ\Zh ]Z jnZeb]Z]^ ]^ nlnZkbh \hkkb`b]Z iZkZm^fi^kZmnkZ: ik^llZh: k^\hf[bgZrZh nfb]Z]^: ^m\?:^f ,r- hn , ]bo?gh fhgbmhk-?
Kn f · Zmhk ]^ i^kmn[Z\Zh mhmZe bg\enbg]hT Z- Zl \hkk^\h^l iZZkZ Z _ZaZ ]^^jnboZe^g\bZ Z Z`nZ i^eh fZm^kbZe ]Z iZk^]^ ]Z \ZfZkZ gZ jnZeb]Z]^ ]^ kZ]bZrZh ]h nlnZkbh\[- i^kmn[Z\Zh ]h _enqh ]^ob]h bm bgl^krZh ]Z \Zob]Z]^ ]^ Zk gh f^bh ]^ f^]b]Z ^ ]^ob]h ZihlbrZh ]h ihgmh ^_^mboh ]^ f^]b]Z ]Z \ZfZkZ \bebg]kb\Z jn^ lnk`^ ]^ob]h bm \nkoZmnkZ ]Zl\ZfZkZl \bebg]kb\Zl ?KZkZZ hl oZehk^l Kn iZZkZ nfZ \ZfZZkZ \bebg]kb\Z o^k Zl k^_^k^g\bZlTInrK: , I -\ InrK: , M-: EhaZgllhg: ^m \hel?:, N-
LRSD ,n:e- JRg^Vb U^b _^UVaVb UV WaVR\V]c^ aVbcaYc^ UV \Rb,bR -DEC. _RaR RXdRERaB bVXd]U^ JJaOA - DQ .
Ha^WD ,a^- EVe. Q.: NCC MC?C IC?C FC?C EM?C EC?C DR?C DN?C DI?C DE?C DC?C S?C R?C O?C N?C M?C I?C F?C E?C D?CnSgr
C?C C?SCE C?SCI C?SDE C?LER C?SIC C?SMM C?`^e C?SNS C?SOO C?SRN C?SSO D?CCF D?C~D D?CDS D?CES D?CIC D?CMS D?COR D?CSO D?DDNC?D C?SCE C?SCM C?SDF C?SES C?SIW C?SMM C?SNE C?SNS C?SOR C?SRO C?SSR D?CCM D?CDE D?CEC D?CFC D?CIE D?CND D?CND D?DCD D?DEIC?E C?SCF C?SCN C?SDI C?SFC CSIE CSMN C?SNF C?SOC C?SOR C?SRR C?SSS D?CCN D?LDF D?CEE D?CFE D?CII D?CNI D?CRI D?DCN D?DFDC?- C?SCI C?SCO C?SDM C?SFD C?SIF C?SMO C?SH CSOD C?SOS C?SRS D?CCC D?CCO D?CDM D?CEI D?CFI D?CIN D?CNO D?CRS D?DDE D?DFM
E C?I C?SCI C?SCR C?SDN C?SFE C?SII C?SMR C?SNM C?SOE C?S£J C?DSC D?CCE D?CCS D?CDO D?CEN D?CFN D?CMC D?COD D?CSF D?DDO D?DFNC?M C?Se-v C?SCS C?SDO C?SFF /->r< CSMS CSNN CSOF C?SRE C?]TSD D?CCF D?CDC D?CDS D?CER D?CFS D?CMI D?CON D?CSR D?DEEC?N C?SCN C?SCS C?SDR C?vDFI C?SIN CSNC C?SNO C?SOI JgE C?SSF D?CCM D?CDE D?CED D?CFD BD^i] D?CMR D?CRC D?DCF D?DENC?R C?(-CO C?SDD C?SEC C?SFN C?SIR C?&E C?SNS C?SON C?SRM C?SSN D?CCS W(T-DN D?CEN D?CFO D?CMC D?CNO D?CSC D?DDF D?DFFD?C CSbeN CSDF C?SEE C?SFR CSMC C&I C?SOD C?SOl CSRR C?SSS D?CDE D?CED D?CFD D?CIF D?CMR D?CON D?CSS D?DEDD?E C?SCS C?SDI C?SEI C?(-IC C?SME C?SNN C?llF CSRD CSSD DCCE DCDO DCEN D?hTg D?CMC D?CNN D?CRM ~?eCR D?DESD?I CSDC C?SDN C?SEM CSIE /-JN<2 C?SNR C?SON CSRI C?SSI DCCN DCEE DCFE D?CII D?CMR D?COM D?CSM D?DDO D?DFFD?N C?SDE C?SDO CSEO C?SII CSMN C?SOD C?SOR C?SRO C?SSO D?CDC D?CEO D?CFR D?CMC D?CCCE D?CRI D?DCI D?DEID?R CSDF C?SD` />0> C?SIM C?SMO CSOF C?SRD C?SSC D?CCD DCDI D?CFE D,eII D?CMO D?COI D?CSF D?DDE D?DFCE?C C?SDI l-kl C?SEJ C?SIO C?SMS C?SOM C?SRF C?SSF DCCI D?CDR D?CFR D?CMC D?CNM D?CRE D?DCD D?DEC D?DFFE?M C?SDO CSEF C?SFI C?SME C?SNI C?SRD C?SSC D?CCC D?CDE DCFC D?CMF PENO W?CRF D?DCE D?DEC D?DFDF?C C?SDS ?C?SEN C?SFM C?SMN C?SNS CSRO CSSO DCCR D?CEF nf D?CNS D?CRI D?DrE D?DDS ~?DESF?M C?SEE C?(DES C]-ID C?SNC CSOI C?SSI D?CCI D?CDO D?CFI DCMN DCRM D?DCE D?DDR D?DERI?C DC?STI C?SDE C?SII C?SNI CSOS D?CCD D?CDE D?CEO D?CIN D?COD D?DCD D?DDN D?DENI?v C?SEO C?SFM C?SIR C?SNS C?SRM DCCR D?CED DCFO D?CMS DCFN D?DDM D?DEM D?DEOM?C C?SES C?SFR C?SMD CSOF CSSC D?CDN D?CFC D?CIS ? D?COE D?DCD D?DEF D?DENM?M CSFD CSyTC C?(DMI C?SOR C?SSN D?CEI D?CIC D?QND D?CRN D?DDF D?DEMNC C?SFI C?SIF C?SMR C?S`- DCCE D?CFF D?CMD D?COI D?DCC D?DEDO?C C?SFR CSmR C&M C?SSF DCDO D?CMI GCOM D?CSS D?DDR D?DEER?C C?SIF C?SMI C?SOE D?CCM D?CFE D?CON D?CSR D?DDN D?DErS?C C?SIO C?SNC CSRD D?CDR D?CIS Dhg D?DDI D?DDRDC?C r?SME C?SNN C?SSC D?CFE D?CNF D?DDE D?DDNDEC C?(DNE C?SRD- D?CCS D?CNE D?DCFDI?C C?SOF C?SSN DCFD D?CSM D?DCODN?C C?SFN D?CDF D?CMN D?DCFDR?C D?C,-,- DCFD D?CRC
B EC?C D?CDN D?CMD D?CSIEE?C D?CFE D?COCEI?C D?CIF D?CREEN?C D?CNE D?CRMEDD?C D?CODFC?C D?COM
OZ[? ,n:Ee MZeh^l ]hl ih]? k^l ]^ _k^Zf^gmh k^lmkbmh ]^ fZllZ 'PMf( iZkZ h\kmeb\hAZk: l^`ng]h nnKH ' I e
Kkh_? £h -EVe.`?\fE NC?C SP-P IC?C FC?C EM?C EC?C DR?C DN?C DI?C DE?C DC?C S?C DD?C O?C N?C M?C I?C F?C E?C D?C
C?C C?RbJ C?ROI C?RRE C?RSR C?SCS C?SEF C?SES C?SFN C?SII C?SMF C?SNF CSNS /->;S C?SRF C?SSE D?CCF D?CEF D?CIF D?CNF D?CRFC?D C?ROD C?ROM C?RRF C?RSS C?SDC C?SEI C?SFC C?SFO C?SIM /->S2 C?SNI CSOC C?SON C?SRI C?SSF D?CCM D?CEM D?CIN D?CNR D?CSFC?E CROE /-=;S C?RRI CSCC C?SDD P->1S C?SFD C?SFR C?SIM C?SMI C?SNM C?SOD C?SOR CSRN /->>S D?CCO D?CER D?CMC D?COF m?DCDC?F CROE C?RON J?vRM C?SCD C?SDE D- (eEM C?SFE C?SFS CSIN /->7S CSNN C?SOE C?SOS C?SRR C?SSO D?CDC D?CFD D?CMI D?COS D?DCNC?I C?ROF C?ROO C?RRN C?SCE C?SDF C?SEN C?SDF C?Svl C?]\IO C?SMN C?SNO CSOI C?SRD CSSC IDHHH D?CDF D?CFM D?CMS D?CRM D?DCOF-S CKOI C?ROR CRRO C?SCE C?SDI CSEO C?SFF CSIC C?SIF CSMR C?SNS />;S /-k2 />>0 l-'m D?CDN D?CDC D?CNI D?CSDC?N C?ROM C?ROS C?RRR C?SCF CSDM C?SDR CSFI C?SID C?SIO C?SFS C?SOC C?SOO C?SRM C?SSI W?,SEN D?CEC D?CII D?CNS D?CSMCR CRON C?RRC C?RRS C?SCv C?SDN CSFC C?SFN C?SII C?SME CSNE CSOI CSRD /->=%L D?CCC D?CDE D?CEv( D?CMI D?CRC D?DCFDC J?NOO C?RRE CRSD C?SCO C?SDR C?SFE C?SFR C?SIN C?SMI C?SNI C?SOO C?SRM C?SSI D?CCN D?CEC D?CF~~ D?CN?~ D?CRSTE C?ROR C?FRF CR(?(F C?SCS C?(?DEC CS?DI CSIC C?SIR C?SMO CSNR C?SRD CSSC DCCC D?CDE D?CER D?L?DDD D?COF D?C(DOD?I C?RRC J_eNN C?RSI CSDC C?SEE C?SFN CSIF C?SvD C?SNC C?SOD C?SRN C?SSM D?CCN DCEC D?CFO D?CMO D?CRF D?DCFD?N C?RRD C?RRN C?R& C?SDE Pk5 CSFR C?SIM C?SMF C?SNF C?gM CSSC D?,e,-,- D?CDE D?CEO D?CIM D?CNO D?CSDD?R /-=k C?RRO C?RSO C?SDI CSEN CvIC CSIv CSMN C?SNN C?SOv />>S D?CCN D?CDS D?CFM D?CMI D?CON 0-/>=1-/ C?RRF C?MMS JMSS />07 /-k; C?S;DE C?SMC C?SMR C?SN(e h SRE D?CCC D?CDE D?CEN D?L?DF D?CNF DCFM D?DCFD?M CR& C?RSE CSCE C?SDS /%021 (C?SIR CSMN C?ONM C?SOT( r?S(-E D?CDI D?CER D?L?TD D?C~-- D?CRM D?DCDF?C C?Rvk? CRSM CSCN CSEF C?SFO C?SMF C?SNE C?SO?( C?SRN DeSC D?CES D?CIM D?CNF D?CRF D?hgF?v (C RcA C?MSR C?SCS CSEO CSID C?SvS C?SNR h?gh C?S(?DN D?CDN D?CIM D?CNF D?CRE D?CSNI?C C?NSF C?SCC CSDE /-%020 C?SIN J?&M C?SOM C?SRS D?CCN D?C?DC D?CNE D?CRC D?CSII?M CRSM C?SCF C?SDM CSFM CSMD C(DOD C?SRF CSSR D?CDDD D?CIN D?COS D?CSE 0)'0>0M?C J?vSO CSCM CSDR C?S;(S C?SMN C C?SOR CSSD D?CCR D?CFD D?CND DCSC D?CSNS-7 C?SCC C?(-D-R JeEED CSIF C?SNE CSMN D?CCC DCEC D?CIM D?COM D?CSMN?C C?SCE C?SDC C?(-EI CSIO C?SNR C?SSI D?CDC D?CFE D?CMS D?CMNO?C CSCM />0S C?SFC C?SMO C?SRD D?CDE D?CFF DCMR D?CRF D?CSER?C CSCS CSEC C?xFO CSNO C?SSM D?CFF D?CMN D?CRC D?CSCS?C C?S~F CSEM CSyDM CSOS D?CDD 0-/SS D?COO D?CRNDC?C C?S~O CSFD C?SMF C?SSD D?CES D?COM DJMNDE?C /-k: CSIF C?SOC DCDR D?CNODI?C C?SFO C(DMO ,DSCS D?CMD D?CON(Dm(C C?S;DR C?SOF DCDD D?CODDR?C J?(eebe C?(XRS D?CFNO,:C C?SOD DCCN D?CvMT~E?C C?S-WS D?CEMEI?C D?CW-I E?BDEEN?C D?JvS D?CMCER?C D?CTjF(e?C CyD?CFS
LRSD-oB N. CJRg^Vb U^b _^UVaVb UV WaVR\V]c^ aVbcaYcR UV \[CbbR 'P.t( _RaR _^[YVbcYaV]^ iln- ,bVId]U^ MMUS- - R -
Ha^WD >^ -EVe.`?^fE NC?C FC?C IC?C FC?C Ev?C EC?C DR?C DN?C DI?C DE?C DC?C S?C R?C O?C N?C F?C I?C F?C E?C D?C
C?C C?RDF C?ROF C?RRO C?SCF C?SDF C?SES C?SFN C?SIF C?SMC C?SMS C?SOC C?SOM /->=1 C?SSC C?SSS D?CDC D?CFC D?CIS D?CNS b?J`SC?D C?RON C?ROS C?RNR C?SCI C?SDN C?SFC C?SFN C?SIF C?SMD C?SNC C?SOC C?SOO C?SRF C?SSD D?CCC D?CDD D?CFE D?CME D?COI ~?DCCC?E C?RON C?RRC C?RRl C?SCM C?SDO C?SFD C?SFO C?SII C?SME C?SND C?SOE J?gR h?``M CSSF ?D?CCE D?CDF D?CFI D?CFN D?CRC D?DCSC?F C?ROO C?`RD C?RSC CSCN C?SDO C?SFD CSFR CSIM C?SMF C?SNE C?SOF C?SOS C?SRN C?SSI N-'_(2x D?CDN D?CFR D?CND D?CRN D?DDcC?I C?ROR C?`RE C?RSD C?SCO C?SDR CSFE C?SFS C?SIN C?SC CSN?D C?SOI C?SFC C?SRR C?SSN D?CCO D?CDS D?CIE DCMN Pcn D?DDNC?M C?ROR C?RRF C?RSE C?SCR C?SDS C?SFF C?SIC C?(DIO C?SMM C?SN;D CSOM /-k1 C?SSC C?SSS DC(-S D?CEF D?CIN D?COD D?CSFC?N C?ROS C?RRF C?RSF C?SCS l-kl C?SFI C?SID C?S(\R C?SM,: CSNM C?SOO C?SRI C?SSE D?CCD D?CDE D?CEO D?CMD D?CON D?DCFC?R CRRD CRRM C?RSI C?SDD C?SEE C?SFN CSyWF CSMC Je-vl g?SNR C?SRC CSR- C?SSN DCCN D?CDS D?CFM GJR D?CRO BD[[[D?C C?RRE CRRO C?RSN C?SDE C?SEI C?SFR C?SIM CSME C?SND C?SOD J?(eRI C?SSE D?CCD ~(u,E D?CEN D?CII D?COC D?CSND?E C?RRX C?RRR C?RSR C?SDI C?SEN CSIC C?SIO CSMM CSNF CSOI C?SRR C?SSN D?JrN D?CDS DCFI DCMI DCRC D?DCMD?I CRRI C?RRS C?SCC C?SDN C?SEO CSIE C?SIS CSC C?&N CSOR C?((SE DCCD DCDE DCEN D,I- DCNI D?CRS D?DDDD?N C?RRN C?RSD C?SCD C?SDR C?SES C?SII CSMD C?SMS C?SN(D CSRD C:SSO [DT\ D?CDS D?CFF D?CME D?COF D?CSRD?R C?RRO C?RSE C?SCF C?SDS C?SFD C?SIN C?SvI C?SNE C?]DOE CSRM D?CCE D?CDE DCEM D?CyC DBmEJ D?C'F D?DCNE?C C?ZNR C?RSI C?SCI C?SED C?SFF CSIR CSMN CSNM />)7 CSRS D?CCO GJDN BD^D] PCS D?C,:S D?CSE D?DDCE?M C?R~-D C?RSO C?SCR C?SEM C?SFO CSMyD C(-NE J]EOE C?SRI CS"S e?~-EC DCDI D?CMC D?COC D?CSD D?DCRF?C CRSF CSCC C?SDD C?SES C?SyDE CSMS C?(-NS CSOS C?(-(-D DCDC D?CFM D?CMD D?CNS D?C(-C D?DCMF?M C?RSN /->/2 C?SDI C?SFF CSIO C?SNM CSOM C?SRO DCCE D?CEF D?CMD D?CN(X D?CRR D?DCXI?C C?RSR C?SCM J?SbO C?SFO CSMD C:SOD C?SRE C?SSM DCDF D?CFN D?CNR D?CRN D?DCDI?M C?SCC CSCR CSEC C?SyDD C?SMN CSOR C?SSC [Bt\ DCEI D?CM\ D?CRM D?CSS D?DCMM?C C?SCE C?SDC C?SEF C?SIM C?SND CSRM CSSR DCDM DCFO D?C,:O D?CSO D?DCFM?M C?SCI CSDF CSDO CSIS C?SNN C?SSE DCCN D?CEN DCMD BD^[Y[ D?DCEN?C C?SCN C?SDM C?SFC C?SMI C?SOE DCCC D?CDO DCFR 0/:S D?CSFO?C C?SDC C?SEC C?SFN CSN?D CSRI DCDR DCDC DCNX D?CRS D?DCCR?C C?SDI C?SEM C?SIX CSOX C?SSR D?CFS D?CNF DCRN D?CS~~S?C C?SDR C?SFC CSMC C?SRM DCDF DCND D?CNI D?CSMDC?C C?SEE C?SXN C?SMR C?SSO D?CFC D?CRD D?C(--DEC C?SFD C?SyDS C?SON D?CEI D?CNODI?C C?Syg C?SNF C?SSM D?CMN D?CRMD:N?C C?SMF CSOR DCDN D?CORDR?C C?SNN C?SSI D?CIDEC?C C?SOS D?CDD D?CNDEE?C C?SSI D?CFCEI?C D?CCR 0-/5;
?EN?C D?CEF GCMOER?C D?CFNXC?C 0-/2<
LRSD -oBO.CJRg^Vb U^b _^UVaVb UV WaVR\V]c^ UV T^[YbR^ UV \RbbR ,lA_- V^[D _RaR RXdR E RaBbVXd]U^ FotHB - I .
Ha^WD >^ - EVe.
-\\. EM FC FM IC IM MC
-EVe. H C?SII C?SFD C?SEF C?SDO C?SDE C?SCOHa^WD
>^DC C?SMS CFIM C?SFM n?ST(N J?SEb C?SDOEC C?SOD C?SMN C?SII C?SFI C?SEv C?SEI
-\\. E F I ¥ Z N O R FC C?SRD C?SNM C?SME C?SIE C?SFI C?SFC
IC h?gT~ C?SOI C?SNC C?SIS C?SIC C?SFMB D?DFN D?DDED?CSE D?COI D?CMRD?CyDFD?CFD D?CDS MC D?CCF C?SRF C?SNR C?SMM C?SIN :C?S;DCE D?DII D?DEI D?DCDD?,DTvDD?CNMD?CIS D?CFOD?CEM NC D?CDN C?SSF C?SOO C?S,:F C?SMF C?SINI D?DMDD?DFO D?DDED?CSC D?COE D?CMND?]HE D?CFD F3 ~?egh D?CCI C?SR,: C?SOD C?SNC C?SMEN D?TMOE?TyDO D?DET D?CSS D?JNJ D?CNF D?CCCND?CFO
C?SMRD?DFE D?DCRD?CRR D?COCD?CMMD?CIE I3 D?CIO D?CDN C?SSM C?SOS C?SCOR D?DMISC D?CCM D?CFC D?CCN C?SRR C?SOI C?SNI
~T D?DMOD?DIE D?DDRD?CSO D?CORD?e?bNDD?CIR IHH e?JNN D?CIM D?CDO C?SSO C?SNE C?SODDE D?DMCD?DES D?DCND?CRN MCEY D?CMM IIH D?DDE D?CCE D?C?DC D?CCN C?SSD C?SOSDI D?DMMD?DFS D?DDMD?CSI D?COI D?CND
C?SSS C?SRNIMH D?DEE D?COS D?CyDF D?CDODN PMO D?DIN D?DEMD?DCI D?CRED?CNR DFC D?DDO PJX D?CMR GCER D?CCR C?SSIDR D?DMD? D?DFI D\DDE D?CSDD?COI DIC D?DCM D?DDF D?Cb- D?CID D?CDR D?CCEEC D?DMMD?DID D?DED E?EJJ D?CRE DNC D?CSS D?eCM D?DCF D?CNR D?CIC T(CDSEM D?DMND?DMFD?DID e?bEC D?bCE
D?CNI D?CFRDRC D?CSI E?eJD D?CSIA3 D?DMI D?DMDD?DFOD?DEF ECC D?CRR D?CSI D?CRR D?CNEFM D?DMEE?DIM D?DFS EEC GJND 0-/== D?CREC3 D?DIO E;DC D?CRF D?COM D?CRMIM D?DIN
D?COE l-onENCERC D?CNM
Ha^WD >^ - EVe.
-\\. S DC DE DI DN DR EC DD?:DDCC D?CDDD?CCEC?SSC C?SRC C?SOE C?SNMC?SMRC?SME?M D?CEF D?DeDMe?JrD C?SSC C?SRD C?SOI C?SN(\:DC?SNEDC D?CFN D?CEO e?CDE D?CCCC?SSC C?SRE C?SOMC?SNRDM PDMC?D?CFR D?CEF D?CCSC?SSR C?SRS C?SRE C?SOI
EC (D?CNN PENF D;?CFFD?CDRyD?CCN C?SSO C?SRR C?SRCEM E?CFF D?CCS D?CIM D?CEOD?CDF D?CCI C?SSMC?SRNFC D?DCF D?CNOD?CMR:D?CFO D?CEE D?CDDeDXhEXC?SSFFM D?DEC W?DCM D?COED?CIS D?CFD D?CDRD?CCRC?SSS
IC D?DFR D?DEE D?CRND?CNCD?CID D?CEMD?CDMD?CCMIM D?DII? D?DFO D?DCI D?COMD?CMFD?CFI D?CEED?CDDbT D?DII D?DTC D?CSD D?CNMD?CIN DTCFDD?CDONC (DTDFRGeDS D?CSF (D?CNS D?CMDD?CFM
OC D?DFMD?DDOD?CSF D?COED?CMMRC D?DEO; DTDDI D?CSI D?COFL3 D?DES W?DDR D?CSODCC D?DERD?DDR
eeJ D?DEDD?DEIDEC D?DCMD?DDM
-oBP. C JRgYVb V^[ Yb^^ ,lAC.V^[D _RaRM
LRSD U^b _^UVaVb UV WaVR\V]c^ UV UV \RbbR RXdRE^aB bV CXd]U^ Fot HB , M .
£\eH^Q £(\H C\QHa^WD Ha^WD-\IL[ . E F I M N O R S DC - \\. DE DI DN
B D?DER D?DCO D?CRR D?CNR D?CMI D?CIE D?CFE D?CEI D?CDN D?CCS E C?SSR C?SRR? C?SOSE D?DFF D?DDE D?CSC D?COD D?CMN D?CII D?CFI D?CEM D?CDO D?CDC I D?CCD C?SSC C?SRD;D F D?DFN D?DDN D?CSI D?COI D?CMR D?CIN D?CFM D?CEN D?CDS D?CDE N D?CCF C?SSF C?SRII D?DFO D?DDS D?CSS D?COS D?CNE D?CIR D?CFO D?CER D?CEC D?CDF R D?CCO C?SSN C?SRM
H, M D?DEF D?DCF D?CRF D?CNM D?CMD D?CIC D?CFC D?CEE D?CDI DC D?CDC C?SSR C?SRSCD N D?DEO D?DCO D?CRO D?CNS D?CMI D?CIE D?CFE D?CEI D?CDN DE D?CDF D?CC\ C?SSDg: hI
R D?DFO D?DDM D?CSN D?COR D?CNE D?CIR D?CFO D?CER D?CEC DI D?CDO D?CCI C?SSI''"CB XC D?DMF D?DEI D?DCM D?CRN D?COC D?CMM D?CIF D?CFF D?CEI DN D?CED D?CCR C?SSOc,V,D^ hB
hB XE D?DEO D?DDI D?CSM D?COR D?CNE D?CIS D?CFR D?CES DR D?CEM? D?CDD D?CCCa DDDDB
DI D?DFC D?DEE D?DCF D?CRN D?COC D?CMM D?CII D?CFF EC D?CFC D?CDI D?CCDw&--w&Ma' h,h DN D?DIO D?DEO D?DDD D?CSI D?COO D?CNE D?CIS D?CFR EM D?CID D?CEI D?CDCV''DY
D DR D?DFC D?DDS D?DCD D?CRI D?CNS D?CMN D?CII FC D?CMI D?CFI D?CDS-V.
?;vhEC D?DFI D?DE?(b D?DCS D?CSE D?CON D?CNE D?CIS FM D?CNR D?CIM D?CERDDD
r"A EM D?DFF D?DEM D?DCS D?CSF D?COR D?CNI IC D?CRE D?CMR D?CFRFC D?DFF D?DEI D?DCS D?CSI D?CRC IM D?CSN; D:COD D?CISFM D?DFE D?DEI D?DCS D?CSM MC D?DCS D?CRI D?CNDIC D?DFC D?DFC D?DEO D?DCS MM D?DDS D?LSO D?COFIM D?DES D?DES D?DED NC D?DEI D?DCR D?CRM?: B
,,,I MC D?DES D?DEO OC D?DEN D?DEE D?DCN
xD MM D?DER RC D?DEM D?EeS
hI SC D?DEI
C0Ge0G
IN?,n?e- v Fhvkh?""Z? iiq7h)-xx--)cl H N(`::\tb\h?;
=B =cr 9<aD<@>?aaaaBE &'" ?s^v\k^ovf
bU vb"^ ^ W7vb0l vl EvMb-qil =<1BE> (LMV GAaI(TbTO00P0V\0
N ,Z`nZ: Zk- n f MZsZh ]h ih]^k ]^ _k^Zf^gmh ]Z fZllZ ]Z Z`nZ ^f k^eZrZh Zh ]h
Zk: gh ihgmh ]^ k^_^k^g]Z iZkZ Z f^]b]Z ]^ ]hl^ Vo^k mZ[? F k^_ ,I -X gZ ^g^k`bZ ]Z
kZ]bZrZh ]h nlnZkbh? n ^g^k`bZ n ]^o^ l^k Zjn^eZ ^g^k`bZ f^]bZ ]h _^bq^ gZ ikh_ng]b]Z]^
, hn ihgmh - ]^ k^_^k^g]Z ^ ^ h[mb]Z Z iZkmbk ]Z ^g^k`bZ f^]bZ gZ lni^k_b\b^ ]h lbfneZ]hk?
N^ Z \Zob]Z]^ ^ ]^ fZm^kbZe ]^ ]^glb]Z]^ ^jnboZe^gm^ Zh Zk ^ m^fhl ^jnbeb[kbh ^e^mkhgb\h gZ
\Zob]Z]^ ]^ Zk f^]b]Z: \hf iZk^]^ ]^ fZm^kbZe ^jnboZe^gm^ Zh Zk: ^gmZh nlZfhl Zl nauldoclo mlcdndo cd endajdkpl cd blihohhlcd jaooa ca afqa ^f k^eZrZh Zh Zk VCZk]^k: , O -X?
nl OZ[l? ]^lmZl kZsh^l ]hl ih]^k^l ]^ _k^Zf^gmh lZh Zjn^eZl Z[Zbqh ,OZ[l?O gh InrK RC^ Nnie? ]h InrK ]h RC-?
Khk hnmkh eZ]h: ih]^fhl l^iZkZk hl ^e^mkhgl ^f ]hbl `knihl \ZkZ\m^kbsZ]hl ihk
nfZ ^g^k`bZ ]^ \hkm^ Pa)blmh ^: hl jn^ m^kg nfZ ^g^k`bZ fZbhk jn^ Pa^ hl jn^ m^kg ^g^k`bZ
f^ghk ?£e^mkhgl \hf fZbhk hn b`nZe Z Pa Zmko^llZf Z \Zob]Z]^? Jl ^e^mkhgl \hf ^g^k`bZ
f^ghk jn^ GW]bllbiZf Z lnZ ^g^k`bZ gh ihgmh hg]^ lZh `^kZ]hl? Jl ^e^mkhgl \hf ^g^k`bZfZbhk jn^ Pa m^kg Z lnZ ^g^k`bZ ]bllbiZ]Z lhf^gm^ jnZg]h ^e^l Zmbg`^f nkg oZehk f^ghkjn^ Pa-Nnih^;l^ Zbg]Z :jn^ hl ^e^mkhgl oZ`Zkhlhl ,^g^k`bZ f^ghk jn^ Pa(eb[^kZ]hl ]^gmkh]Z \Zob]Z]^ ikho^gb^gm^ ]Z iZk^]^ ]Z \ZfZkZ ^lmZh ^f ^jnbC[kbh ^e^mkhgb\h \hf hl hnmkhl
^e^mkhl oZ`Zkhlhl eb[^kZ]h i^eh `Zl jn^ \ah\Zf lh[k^ Z iZk^]^ ]Z \ZfZkZ? H\Zlh ^f jn^\hglb]^kZfhl Zi^gZl hl ^e^mkhgl \hf ^g^k`bZl f^ghk^l jn^ Pa m^kg iZkZ Zl kZsh^l ]hlih]^k^l ]^ _k^Zf^gmh ]^ fZllZ f^bh; `Zl Zjn^eZl \hga^\b]Zl ihk "kZsh^l ]^ ih]^k^l ]^
_k^Zf^gmh k^lmkbmhl ]^ fZlllZ"? N^ Z ^g^k`bZ f^]bZ gZ ikh_ng]b]Z]^ ]^ ]hlbf^mkbZ ^\Ze\neZ]Z ]^ Z\hk]h \hf okZaf^: ,S-: ^T
L , ,L 1S)lpdsm',usS!!iKG-(,SllKs; / K''B
Jl oZehk^l ]Zl kZsh^l ]^ ih]^k ]h _k^Zf^gmh ]^ \heblZh ]Z fZllZ ^ Zl kZsh^l ]^ ih]^k ]^_k^Zf^gmh k^lmkbmh ]^ fZllZ ]^_^kbkZf ^f f^ghl ]^ D&: VInrK: ,I-X?
·hf^\^fhl Z[Zbqh Zl kZsh^l ]hl ih]^k^l ]^ _k^Zf^gmh k^lmkbmh ]^ fZllZ ]h f^bh^f k^eZrZh Zh Zk iZkZ hl lbfneZ]hk^l fZbl \hga^\b]hl? IZ £j? ,o- Z\bfZ: m^fhlT s f
ikh_ng]b]Z]^ gh lbfneZ]hk , ^f ^f hn `? ^f ;E- ^ NkZ]( N\he ^ Nmhm lZh k^li^\mboZf^gm^Zl kZsh^l ]hl ih]^k^l ]^ _k^Zf^gmh ihk kZ]bZrZh: \heblZh ^ mhmZe iZkZ Z`nZ ian-
LnZg]h nmbebsZfhl hl kZsh^l ]hl ih]^k^l ]^ _k^Zf^gmh ]^ \heblZh ]^ fZllZ gZ £j?,n-: Z f^]b]Z ]Z ]hl^ ]^o^kZ l^k gh ihgmh ]^ fZqbfh ]h f^bh ,Z`nZ hn ieZlmb\h-:? N^ C
lbfneZ]hk _hk ]^ fZm^kbZe ieZlmb\h: H ihgmh ]^ fZqbfh \hkk^lihg]^gm^ gZ Z`nZ ]^o^kZ l^k
\Ze\neZ]h ]^ Z\hk]h \hf Z £j? ,EE- ]h \Zi? D\hf hl oZehk^l ]Z OZ[? E ]h f^lfh \Zibmneh?
s^ Z\hk]h ^gmZh \hf HNnie?]h InrK]^ RC:,M-: Zl e^bmnkZl ghl ihgmhl ]^ fZqbfh gZ Z`nZ
^ gh ie^qb`eZll ^lmZh ]^gmkh ]^ C:F& ^ ih]^fhl nlZk Zjn^eZl kZsh^l ]hl ih]^k^l ]^
_k^Zf^gmh ]^ \heblZh ]^ fZllZ iZkZ Z`nZ ]Z]Zl i^eh InrK ,I-?Pembfh ikhmh\heh ]Z nf^kb\Zg nllh\bZmbhg h_Karlb\blmrbg H^]b\bg^ VnnKH: ,R-X ]Z
iZkZ H \Ze\neh ]Z ]hl^ Z k^eZrZhT
sf^bh aHI`Zl 'M. m(Al 1Kbhg 1Kk^]^l 1KiZk^]^
EI`Zl
Kbhg
Kk^]^l
KiZk^]^
a e^bmnkZ ]h ^e^mkhf^mkh ,r hn ]boblh^l ]Z ^l\ZeZ-a]hl^ iZkZ C`Zl gZ \Zob]Z]^ ]Z \ZfZkZ ihk e^bmnkZ ]h ^e^mkhf^mkh,BrAr hn BrA]boblZh ]Z ^l\ZeZ-?
k^eZrZh Zh Zk?a bgo^klh ]h \h^_b\b^gm^ ]^ \he^rZh?
a \hkkb`^ iZkZ C ]^leh\Zf^gmh ]h fZm^kbZe ]h lbfneZ]hk(i^eZ \ZfZkZ ^]^i^g]^ ]h mbih ^ ]Z ^g^k`bZ ]Z kZ]bZrZh: C`kZ]b^gm^ ]^ ]hl^ ghihgmh ]^ f^]b]Z ^ C kZbh]Z \Zob]Z]^ ]^ Zk ]Z \ZfZkZ?
a D:jnZg]h Z \ZfZkZ ^ Z lnZ \ZiZ ]^ ^jnbeb[kbh ^e^mkhgb\h lZg ]h
f^lfh fZm^kbZe hn ^ b`nZe ZT
'M. (mandcdQ fdq
\ncZl `kZg]^sZl ^ oZehk^l ^lmZh ]^_bgb]hl ^ mZ[^eZ]hl gh ikhmh\heh ]Z nnKH: ,R-?
sR`nZ f sf^bh 'Llp(cfscf^es
jnZg]h C ihgmh ]^ fZqbfh gZ Z`nZ _hk h[mb]h Z iZkmbk ]Zjn^eZ gh ieZlmb\h \hfh ]bmhZ\bfZ ,hn l^cZ: ghl ihgmhl ]^ fZqbfh ]hl ]hbl f^bhl: m^fhl Z f^lfZ ]blmkb[nbrZh^li^\mkZe-?
Z`nZsh ikhmh\heh ]Z nnKH: ,R-: m^fhl jn^ 'Zip( f^bh , kZsZh ]h ih]^k ]^
_k^Zf^gmh gZh k^lmkbmh ]^ fZllZ ]Z Z`nZ ^f k^eZrZh Zh lbfneZ]hk ]^ ieZlmb\h- ^ b`nZe ZD:CFCiZkZ ,Z`nZDKHHn- ^ D:CFFiZkZ ,Z`nZAiheb^lmbk^gh-?
bee? Khk\^gmZ`^f ]^ shl^ Kkh_ng]Z ,& s?K?-
^ ihgmh K lbf[hebsZZ ikh_ng]b]Z]^ ]^ ]hl^ fZqbfZ ^ ]f Z : Z ikh_ng]b]Z]^ hg]^h\hkk^ ^lmZ ]hl^? N^cZ Z ]hl^ ^f K lbf[hebsZ]Z ihk sf?Kh]^fhl ^qik^llZk Z ]hl^ ^fjnZejn^k ikh_ng]b]Z]^ Ze^f ]^ K ,i?^q?:Kb- : \hfh nfZ ihk\^gmZ`^f ^f k^eZvZh Z ]hl^gh ihgmh K?
( s?K?,]:nf:No:L- a;;sYIY q DCCPr
hn l^EZT N^sf v DCC&s]v& s?K?
Q^fhl ]Z £j? ,£- jn^ Z ihk\^gmZ`^f ]^ ]hl^ ikh_ng]Z ^ nfZ k^eZrZh ^gmk^ ]nZl]hl^l ^ jn^ lZh \Ze\neZ]Zl Z iZkmbk ]Zl £jl? ,n- hn ,r-? nbg]Z: o^fhl jn^ Z ( s?K? ^]^i^g]^gm^ ]h mZfZgah ]h \Zfih gZ ikh_ng]b]h ]^ ]hl^ fZqbfZ , ImE) ]Z ikh_ng]b]Z]^] : hg]^ jn^k^fhl \hga^\^k H ( ]^ ]hl^ ikh_ng]Z: ]Z ]blmZg\bZ ]Z _hgm^ obkmnZe NTo,gh\Zlh ]^ _^bq^l ]^ ^e^mkhgl- ^ ]Z jnZeb]Z]^ ]Z kZ]bZrZh ,^g^k`bZ fZbl ikhoZo^e gZlni^k_b\b^- iZkZ _Nmhgl]^ kZbhl;Shn `ZfZ: o^k: i?^q?:Z k^_^k^g\bZ ,DC-?
n £j? ,ER-]Z N^\?,E?I- ]h rZi? D_hb ]^]nsb]Z Z iZkmbk ]Z £j? ,£- \hfh l^`n^
& s?K? ,]:nf:£i:e- f QQ s`?Yq DCC:jn^ i^eZ£j? ,n- VJn ,r-X k^lnemZTP\
sf a ,D fZq ?·H q \K ,K:O- q F\- ?Is ?Kn ,Nf an(G ]fZqB
Gc dG]fZq f £g^k`bZ f^]bZ ]hl _^bq^l ]^ ^e^mkhgl gZl ikh_ng]b]Z]^l ] ^ ]fZqk^li^\mboZf^gm^
·] ^ ·f f ·Zmhk^l jn^ \hkkb`^f Zl bhgbsZvh^l i^eZ G^b ]h Dgo^klh ]h LnZ]kh: ]^
Z\hk]h \hf Z £j? ,DD-]Z N^\? ,D?E?F- ]h rZi? D\ iZkZ Zl ikh_ng]b]Z]^l ] ^ ]fZqk^li^\mboZf^gm^?
]Dz,K: O-a rhkkb`^ Zl e^bmnkZl ]^ bhgbsZvZh: h[mb]Z gZl \hg]bvh^l ]^ m^fi^kZmnkZ
O ,JF- ^ ik^llZh Zmfhl_^kb\Z ,K- Zf[b^gm^l\ iZZkZ Zjn^eZl ]^ \Zeb[kZvZh V`^kZef^gm^ OJ aESF?EhF ,ECCr ^ Kha ONC:CffC`X?
CM~'RL. f Ro sK-,) R 0&"h
F\ f \h^_b\b^gm^ ]^ \he^vZh ]Z \ZfZkZ _hkg^\b]Z i^eh _Z[kb\Zgm^ ^ ^\^k\Z ]^ D:CD:hn l^cZ: l^n \h^_b\b^gm^ ]^ \he^vZh ^ SS:C&: F\f VD. ,D;C:SS-X?
n ^_^b\b^g\bZ ]^ \he^vZh ^ ^lmn]Z]Z ihk ohZ`: ,DD-?sbob]bg]h f^f[kh Z f^f[kh Z ^j? ]^ s] i^eZ ]^ sf( ^
ln[lmbmnbg]h gZ ]^_bgbvZh ]^ ( s? K?: o^f T
"K-Q-C KcwHALqDJJKjwHj
KZkZ fZbhk^l ^lmn]hl lh[k^ Zl f^]b]Zl ]Z ]hl^ ^f ikh_ng]b]Z]^: k^\hf^g]Zfhl Zl
k^_^k^g\bZl , I: DE:M^ R- g^lmZ hk]^f
s£sPrnJ sn £LPnrnJ ,DD-: £MMJN £SK£MDH£IOnDN
s^fhglmkZfhl jn^ C `kZ]b^gm^ ]^ ]hl^ ghkfZebsZ]h ]h _^bq^ m^kZi^nmb\h , 'r( ^lmZ
k^eZ\bhgZ]h \hf Zjn^e^ ]h _^bq^ fhgh^g^k`^mb\h ^ fhgh]bk^\bhgZe: Bh ihkT
hg]^ C m^kfh DPJ ^ k^lihglZo^e i^eZ ]bfbgnb\Zh ]^ RDDMi:D
s^ Z\hk]h \hf okZaf^: ,DF-: lnihgaZfhl jn^ hl Ze\Zg\^l ikZmb\hl ]hl _^bq^lfhgh^g^k`^mb\h ^ m^kZi^nmb\h ,]^lb`gZ]hl k^li^\mboZf^gm^ i^ehl bg]b\^l C ^ I . l^cZf]bk^mZf^gm^ ikhihk\bhgZbl Zl lnZl ^g^k`bZl fZbl ikhoZo^bl? nllbf:
v:h f Z>^ V v:e f Z £i:e
v:h ; v:e a d ,£h ; v:e-( hn
Op f O'Ll , Lp-0( f O'Ll , Lp)l(
Xp)l Xp)l OLp-0
Op f £h ,Lp)l
Xp)l Gp-0
HZl: Z i^k]Z ]^ ^g^k`bZ fZbl ikhoZo^e n£_ ghl ik^;Z[lhko^]hk^l ^ ]Z]Z ihkT
Geebi a Yv >i a \k
CM
XD,.'X) -¥(T
H CM
fCCXpN- Xp)Mx[
rhfh Z ]bfbgnbrZh ]^ Z gZh ^ lhf^gm^ ]^ob]h Zh ZeZk`Zf^gmh ]Z ]blmkb[nbrZh ]^
^g^k`bZ V£j? ,D- X ^ g^f lhf^gm^ i^eh ZeZk`Zf^gmh ]Z ]blmkb[nbrZh Zg`neZk ]Zl fnembieZl
bgm^kZrh^l ]^ ^liZeaZf^gmh V£j? ,DD-X:fZl lbf nfZ _kZrZh > ]Z ]bfbgnbrZh ]^ Z]^ob]h Zh
ZeZk`Zf^gmh ]Z ]blmkb[nbrZh ]^ ^g^k`bZ ^ \hgl^jbb^gm^f^gm^ ,D ; > . ]^ob]h Zh ZeZk`Zf^gmh
]Z ]blmkb[nbrZh Zg`neZk: h[m^fhlv
Gbee?Mi:e?
.Z?]?^
- hJ .Mi:e Z?]?Z?
hg]^ ,v (a-c-d-C ]bfbgnbrZh ]^ Z ]^ob]h Zh ZeZk`Zf^gmh ]Z ]blmkb[nbrZh ]^ ^g^k`bZm)i
- h . a \ c ,DQ-M_ I Z?]?^ £i:eB
- E - a sbfbgnbrZh ]^ Z ]^ob]h ZeZk`Zf^gmh ]Z ]blmkb[nbrZh Zg`neZk V£j? ,DD-X?
Mi:e Z?]?Z
, vMvY-J_B[ Z?]?Z
,D;£- YY R;E;
Mi:eyO
Nn[lmbmnbg]h hl oZehk^l ]Zl ]bfbgnbrh^l ]^ Z ]^ob]h Zhl ZeZk`Zf^gmhl ]Zl
]blmkb[nbrh^l ]^ ^g^k`bZ ^ Zg`neZk ]Z]Zl k^li^\mboZf^gm^ i^eZl £jl? ,DQ- ^ ,Q-: gZ £j? ,DDD-h k^lnemZ]h gZ £j? ,O-: k^lnemZT
Bma @Q1IB Q
C'0,d( Y^vYMi:e?O
,\? `D]?-
I Ad \k£i:e
Jl ]^lobhl iZ]kh^l ^g\hgmkZ]hl iZkZ Zl f^]b]Zl ]Zl bhgbsZrh^l , Z f^ghl ]Zl\hkk^rh^l ]Z]Zl i^eZ e^b ]h bgo^klh ]h jnZ]kZ]h: l^`ng]h Z £j? DE- ^lmbo^kZf ^gmk^ C ZC?DDFiZkZ £i C a E?ONH^o: ]^ C Z C?FSNiZkZ N?RNH^o ^ ^gmk^ C C?DNOiZkZ £i C aB BDC:NOH^o:^f k^eZrZh Zl ngb]Z]^l ]^ e^bmnkZ ]h ]hlbf^mkh?
IZ f^]b]Z ]hl Ze\Zg\^l ikZmb\hl ^ MNJ hl ^kkhl ^lCbh obg\neZ]hl Zl f^]b]Zl ]ZlbhgbsZrh^l \bmZ]Zl Z\bfZ ^ Zh mkZrZ]h ]Zl \nkoZl? s^ob]h Zh mkZrZ]h ]Zl \nkoZl: C ^kkh ^lmZ
^lmbfneZ]h ^gmk^ C:E Z C?Nff?rhf k^eZrZh Zl hnmkZl `kZg]^sZl jn^ \ZkZ\m^kbsZf ZljnZeb]Z]^l ]hl _^bq^l m^fhl Zl f^lfZl bg\^km^sZl?
ni^g]b\^ ,be-
·ZkZ]Zr \ni ,Sb\ZkZ]^ ·ZkZ]Zr-
,H^]^ ·enqh ]^ £e^mkhgl: -
_-F~ ~ a_ F--F '()): '; ** > r >d o : ;BD, DDDDDDDDDBI#'$P%D'W
WDD Diiii ' -00< (' Da000.ve W??
52< ii - ii N ii0i . i0aaaaaaGaa-_-Fa _~S<.< 0i000 0- ; . .( 0
^ _ng]h ]Z lb\ZkZ ,\ni- ]^o^ l^k fZbl ^li^llZ jn^ C Ze\Zg\^ fZqbfh ]hl ^e^mkhgl?n qb\ZkZ ^ \heh\Z]Z `^kZef^gm^ ^f Zemh oZ\nh jn^ ik^obg^ \hgmkZ Z ikh]nvZh ]^ bhgl
gh `Zl ^ Z \he^vZh ln[l^jn^gm^ ]^lm^l bhgl gZ qb\ZkZ?n iZk^]^ ]^ f^mZe Zm^kkZ]Z ]h oZlZ ]^oZ\nh Ze^f ]bllh ZmnZ \hfh nfZ [ebg]Z`^f \hgmkZ Z \Zk`Z ]^ bg]nvZh ikho^gb^gm^ ]hl\Zfihl ^D^mkb\hl ^qm^fhl ? ne`nf [k^llmkZaeng` l^kZ ikh]nsb]h gZ qb\ZkZ l^ ^lm^ ^k^Z[lhkob]h gZ qb\ZkZ: Ze`ngl ^e^mkhgl l^\ng]Zkbhl ih]^f l^k ^c^mZ]hl ^ ihkmZgmh Z \Zk`Zf^]b]Z ]^o^ l^k ZcnlmZ]Z? £lmZ \hkk^vZh ^ k^]nsb]Z nlZg]h;l^ fZm^kbZe ]^ [Zbqh gnf^kh
Zmhfb\h \hfh Z[lhko^]hk ]hl ^eNmkhgl ^ i^eZ k^Z[lhkvZh ]h [k^fllmkZaeng` ^f nkg k^_hkvh]^ \anf[h gh _ng]h ]Z qb\ZkZ ,_b`? Z\bfZ-? C k^mkh^liZeaZf^gmh ]hl ^e^mkhgl ikho^gb^gm^l]Z ^gmkZ]Z ]Z qb\ZkZ ^ Z ikh]nvZh ]^ ^e^mkhgl l^\ng]Zghl gZ cZg^eZ mZf[^f h\ZlbhgZ i^k]Zl]^ \Zk`Z? n fZ`gbmn]^ ]^lmZl i^k]Zl ^ k^]nsb]Z \heh\Zg]h;l^ fZm^kbZe ]^ [Zbqh gnf^khZmhfb\h gZ ^gmkZ]Z ]Z qb\ZkZ ^ i^eh _hkfZmh \hgo^gb^gm^ ]Z [h\Z ]Z qb\ZkZ ?£lmZ Z[^kmnkZih]^ l^k ZcnlmZ]Z \hf fZ`g^mhl i^kfZg^gm^l iZkZ ^ebfbgZk Zl mkZc^mNkbZl ]^ _n`Z iZkZ mZbl^e^mkhgl?
£lmZh ^f nlh oZkbZl \hglmknvM^l iZk^\b]Zl iZkZ ^e^mkhgl ]^ ZemZ ^g^k`bZ gh bgm^koZeh]^ DZ DCCH^o? ,Mhs^g_be]: DSMMvoZk[^k: DSMMvokhpg ^ OZgm_^lm: DSMNvHZkdnl: DSNN\DlZ[^ee^: DSNE\Fk^ml\adh ^m ZD:DSNE\CZ`n^ ^m ZD:DSNF\Kknbmm: DSNN\CZk]^k: DSNNZ\
Bh]eho^ ^m ZD:DSNOvOZgl^g ^m ZD:DSNS\GZn`aebg: DSNS-?·hb nlZ]Z ihk CZk]^k ,DSNO-:nfZ \hglmknvZh ]^ oZ\nh: \hglblmbg]h ]^ nkg Z[lhko^]hk
]^ \Zk[hgh \h[^kmh ihk nfZ _heaZ ]^ ieZlmb\h blheZgm^ \hf nfZ [ebg]Z`^f ]^ \hg]nvZh ]^f^mZe ^oZihkZ]h gZ lni^k_b\b^ ^qm^kbhk? GZn`aebg ,DSNMZ- Z OZ[ZmZ ^m Ze ,DSNR- k^eZmZkZff^]b]Zl ]Z \Zk`Z ]^ ^e^mkhgl ^f _heaZl ,fb\Zl ]^ nkg Z[lhko^]hk _ZmbZ]h?
o qb\ZkZ ]^ ·ZkZ]Zr ^ nlZ]Z _k^jn^gm^f^gm^ \hfh nkg ]^m^mhk ]^ _en^g\bZbg]^i^g]^gm^ ]Z ^g^k`bZ ^f ^qi^kbf^gmhl ]^ ^liZeaZf^gmh ,sk^ll^e: DSNN\OZ[ZmZ: DSNO-
"Ni^\b_b\ DhgbsZmbhg [r ab`a ^g^k`r ^e^\mkhgl" ; Karl
M^o?SO:i?DCOD,DSMM-?
okhpg: F?E ??Zg] OZgm_^lm: B? RT "·kZ]Zr ; \ni fhgbmhgl _hk ab`a ; £g^k`r £e^mkhg
o^Zfl"? M^o? h_ N\b bglmk? EO:i? NSN,DSMN-
Fk^ml\adh: O?: CZk]^k: s?: Zg] Khaebm: R?T "n[lhenmf^llng` ]^k O^b]k^g_enll]b\am^ (
N\ag^ee^k £e^dmkhg^g fbm^bg^f ·kZkZ]Zr ;
FZ_b`?"Io^e? bglm H^ma? DN:i?ES ,DSNE-
CZ`n^: O? ·?: O^ggbk`l: M?£?: Zg] MZg] M?£? "n gnee f^maZ] _hk \Zeb[kZmbg` ·ZkZ]Zr \nil"?
In\Pglm? H^ma ?:EI: i? IMN,DSNF-
"N^\hg]Zkr ^e^\mkhg mkZc^\mhkb^l bg Z ·ZkZ]Zr \ni fZ`g^mb\_b^e]"?In\e?Dglm?H^ma FS: i?FES,DSNN-?
"Ni^\mkZ h_ KkbfZkr Zg] N^\hg]Zkr £e^\mkhgl bg HZm^kbZe DkkZ]bZm^]
[r ·Zlm £e^\mkhgl"? i?DIC h_ obhiarlb\Ze nl i^\ml h_ MZ]bZmbhgLnZebmr: DDn£n O^\ag: M^i? N^k? Ih? MR:,DSNN- ,Dgm^kgZmbhgZenmhfbv £g^k`r n`^g\r: Qb^ggZ-?
Bhe]eho^: O? ·?: Ohfl: H? £?: Ohg^l: ]DfDBZg] HnkkZr: F?H?T"·ZkZ]Zr \ni l^\hg]Zkr^fbllbhg fhgbmhk \Zeb[kZmbhg" D?£?£?£?OkZgl?In\e? N\b? DI:i?EDM,DSNO-?
"Cb`a ik^\blbhg ^e^\qmkhg \nkk^gmfhgbmhkbg` lrlm^f"? In\e? bglm: H^ma?
OI:i?EC,DSNS-
"£e^\mkhg [^Zfl": i? SDh_MZ]b\mbhg ]hlbf^mkr:QJe?DDD:·?M?nmmbq Zg] £? Oh\abebg: ^]l? ,n\Z]^fb\ Kk^ll: Dg\?I?T-?
:232:2705-; /@6584:-350-;
ID ·£MInIs£N: MheZg]h ·hgl^\Z? £li^\b_b\Z\h^l ]Z LnZeb]Z]^ ]h _^bq^ ]^ ^e^mkhgl ZiZkmbk ]Zl ]blmkb[nb\h^l ]^ DhgbsZ\Zh]h £bqh r^gmkZe ^ nkg £lmn]h ]hl £_^bmhl ]ZlC^m^kh`^g^b]Z]^l g^lmZl sblmkb[nb\h^l? Dglmbmnmh]^ ·blb\Z ^ Lnbfb\Z ]^ NZh rZkehl:? NZhrZkehl;PNK: ,DSRI-?
E?£QnIN: Ms? "Oa^ nmhfb\ In\e^nl":HZ\BkZp Cbee rh? Dg\?:I?w?Ohkhgmh Zg] Ghg]hg,DSMM-?
F?o£OC: C?n?\ nNCFDI: E?: bg £qi^kbf^gmZe In\e^Zk ,iarlb\l": Qhe?D:£? N^`g^ ^]?: EhagRbe^r Zg] Nhgl:Dg\?:I?w?,DSMF DSNC-?
I? oDrCN£G: C?: bg "MZ]bZmbhg shlbf^mkr": Qhe? : ·?C? nmmbq Zg] R?r? Mh^l\a ^]?:n\Z]^fb\ Kk^ll:I?T?Zg] Ghg]hg ,DSNR-?
M?o£MB£M: H? D?\N£GOU£M: N?H?: bg "Nmn]b^l bg K^g^mkZmbhg h_ raZk`^] KZkmb\e^l bgHZmm^k": Kn[eb\Zmbhg DDFF:IZmbhgZe n\Z]^fr h_ N\b^g\^l ; IZmbhgZe M^l^Zk\a rhng\be:RZlabg`mhg s?r? ,DSNI-?
N?QnIsTF: E? "raZk`^ s^ihlbmbhg [r Cb`a £g^k`r £e^\mkhg o^Zfl"? H?N\? Oa^lbl:Kablb\l s^im? Pgbo^klbmr h_ R^lm^kgl JgmZkbh ,DSOD-?
O?QnIsTF: E?\ HZ\sJInGs: E?r?·? "K^g^mkZmbhg h_ Cb`a £g^k`r £e^\mkhgl bg RZm^k:Karl?H^]? obheh`r: DO:ME,DSOE-?
R?QnIsTF: D?\HZ\sJInGs: D?r?B?"raZk`^ s^ihlbmbhg _khf Cb`a £g^k`r £e^\mkhglo^Zfl": MZ]?M^l?MC:EC,DSOE-?
S? Dgm^kgZmbhgZe rhffbllbhg hg MZ]bZmbhg Pgbml Zg] H^Zlnk^f^gml ,DrMP-\ "MZ]bZmbhgshlbf^mkrT £e^\mkhg o^Zfl pabm £g^k`b^lo^mp^^g D Zg] MCH^Q": M^ihkm FM: DSRI:o^ma^l]Z: HZkreZg]: PNn?
IHDonOODNOn: E?E?: Hl\ Oa^lbl: n HZ`g^mb\ Ni^\mkhf^m^k _hk o^mZmkhg £e^\mkhgl": s^im?Karl?:Pgbo^klbmr h_ R^lm^kg JgmZkbh Ghg]hg rZgZ]Z: N^i?DSOF?
DD?NrCPGU: R-K-)bg "Cb`a;£g^k`r MZ]bZmbhg Oa^kZir shlbf^mkr": K-N?GZn`aebg ^]?: ngg?
I?T?n\Z]? N\b??DNDDSON,DSNS-?
DE?Dgm^kgZmbhgZe rhffblbhg hg MZ]bbZmbhg Pgbml Zg] H^Zlnk^f^gml ,DrMP-\ "MZ]bZmbhg
shlbf^mkrT £e^\mkhgl pbma DgbmbZe £g^k`b^l o^mp^^g D Zg] MCH^Q": M^ihkm ED: DSOE:
o^ma^l]Z: HZkreZg]: PNn?
DF?Dgm^kgZmbhgZe rhffbllbhg hg MZ]bZmbhg Pgbml Zg] H^Zlnk^f^gm^l ,DrMP-: M^ihkm DS:
RZlabg`mhg sr ,DSOD-?
DI? MJ£NrC: R?r? Zg] nmmbq: ·?C ^]l? "MZ]bZmbhg shlbf^mkr?" n\Z]^fb\ Kk^ll: DSNR:
I?T?:Ghg]hg?
DN?rnMGNNJI: r?n ,DSOS-T"M^eZmbhglabil o^mp^^g £g^k`r ·en^g\^ £g^k`r Dg\b]^gm hg£fbmm^] [r hg DfiZkm^] mh Z oh]r? Karl?H^]? obhD?EI: DECS?
DOBJGsRnNN£M: £? G?THDGGN: ·? £? Zg] CZglhg: n J? ,DSME-T"DhgbsZmbhg Ghll Zg]
NmkZ``ebg` h_ ·Zlm £e^\mkhgl": Kabl?M^o? RR:DDFO
DRoMnCH£: n Zg] N£Q£INNJI: C? ,DSOS-T"MZ]bZmbhg o^Zfl raZkZ\m^kblmb\l h_ Z EEH£Q Hb\khmhg"? n\mZ kZ]bh D?Jg\he?\ DR:EII
DSsJGKCDI: B?R?\ I?C?Zg] oMnsNCnR: nG? ,DSMS-TDgo^lmb`Zmbhgl h_ Cb`a £g^k`r£e^\mkhg o^Zfl ·hk Pl^ bg Oa^kZir"? okbm?D?MZ]bhe??FE : FOF?
EC?O£G·JMs: R?H?\ rMnR·JMs: E? £?\ URDrF: CC Zg] NO£KC£IN ; I£RCnI:G?B? ,DSNO-T"Gbg^Zk £e^\mkhg n\\^e^kZmhk _hk H^]b\Ze Knkihl^l"?E? rZg?nllh\?MZ]bhe? ER:
EOR?
ED? R£NN£GN: o? R?\ KnGDRnG: o?M?\ KnMMJO: H?E? Zg] rCJD: H?r? ,DSOS-T
"raZkZ\m^kbsZmbhg h_ rebfZ\ o^Zf £g^k`r Plbg` Z HZ_g^mb\ ngZerlbl H^mah]"? H^]? Karl?:
S)2<-
EE?oMJRI:? F?G? ,DSMS-T"n\akhfZmb\ o^Zf OZgleZmbhg Nrlm^f _hk Gbg^Zk n\\^e^kZmhkl":
M^o? N\b?Dglmknf?: 1M>7>-
EF?nPrJPOJMD£M: D?\CPo£M: C? Zg] EnLP£N: D?,DSOC-T"Nrlm^f^ ]^ OkZglihkm ]n
·Zbl\^Zn ](£e^\mkhgl ]Zgl G^ NZ`bmmZbk^"? M^o? O^\a? Oahflhg ; r?N?·? E?:NMM?
EI? £IB£: C?n? ,DSNF-T"n\akhfZmb\ HZ`g^m Hb\khg _hk Dhg o^Zfl? "M^o? N\b?Dglmknf?:
FI: FRM?
EM?FnMUHnMF: r?E? Zg] K£MDIB: I?r? ,DSOF-T "£e^\mkhg Gbg^Zk n\\^e^kZmhkl_hk
MZ]bZmbhg Oa^kZirT Cblmhkr: Kkbg\bie^l Zg] rhgm^fihkZkr s^o^ehif^gml"? Karl?H^]? obhD?:
[YBFED?
EN?BPIs: F? ^ NrDOO£IC£GH: M ,D SE: MCN?SMF-T"sb^ KarlbdZebl\a^g £b`^gl\aZ_m^g]^k DMH^Q ; £e^dmkh^gl\ae^n]^k"? NmkZae^gma^kZib^: SE?MCN?
EO?OPMnIJ:G?\ oDnBDID:TDVoJHKDnID: r? ^ KnG£nID;Q£OOJMD: K? B? ,DSMS-T
"MZ]bh[bheh`bl\a^: ]hlbf^mkbl\a^ ng] debgbl\a^ Bkng]eZ`^g ]^k Oa^kZib^ fbm l\a^g^ee^g£e^dmkhg^g ^bg^l DMH^Q;H^mZmkhgl"?NmkZae^gma^kZib^? DCS:IRS?
ER?GJ£QDIB£M: M\ FnMUHnMF:r?E? ^ R£DNNoGPOC: H? ,DSND-T"MZ]bZmbhg Oa^kZirpabm Cb`a £g^k`r £e^\mkhgl"? MZ]bhe??OO:SCN?
ES? JFPHPMn: T\ FDOnBnRn: O? ^ FDOnonOnF£: O? ,DSNS-T "N\Zmm^kbg` ·hbe
s^ob\^ ·hk Cb`a o^Zf Oa^kZir"? MZ]bheh`r? SF? NNO?
FC?MnNNJR: CD ,DSNS-T"o^bmkZ` snk £e^dmkhg^gmb^_^gma^kZib^ fbmm^elfK^g]^e[^lmkZaeng`:D?Bkng]e^`^g]^ Qhko^kln\a^ Zg Nm^a_^e]^kg fbm IF H^Q;£e^dmkhg^g"? NmkZae^gma^kZib^?
DFR?ENO?
FD?oMnCH£: n? ,DSOE-TJg ma^ JimbfZe rahb\^ h_ N\Zmm^kbg` ·hbel _hk £e^\mkhg Oa^kZir"?
OMDOn;£KK OE;DO,MhrZe Dglm?h_O^\aheh`r: Nmh\dahef: Np^]pg-?
FE? o£I£s£OOD: B?M ,DSOF-T "sb^ fh]b_bsb^k^g]^k KZkZf^m^k ]^k shlblo^km^beng`
l\a^g^ee^k £e^dmkhg^g [^b aha^g ng_Zg`l^g^k`b^g"? Oa^lbl? Pgo^klbmr h_ Rbbks[nk`?B^kfZgr?
FF?CNHnI? B? ,DSON-T"shl^ sblmkb[nbmbhg h_ Oa^kZi^nmb\ £e^\mkhg o^Zfl Zg] nnmhfZmbhg
h_ Ok^Zmf^gm KeZggbg`"? eH^] ??O: DIF?
FI? o£MB£M: HE? Zg] N£GOU£M: N?H? ,DSOR-T"Oa^ Dg_en^g\^ h_ N\Zmm^kbg` ·hbel hg
n[lhk[^] shl^ sblmkb[nmbhgl _khf £e^\mkhg o^Zfl"? IoNDMOR;DMME,IZmbhgZe onk^Zn h_
NmZg]Zk]Z: RZlabg`mhg: s?r?-?
FM?CND£C: r?G? Zg] PCGHnII: £?H? ,DSMN-T"£qi^kbf^gmZe £oZenZmbhg h_ ma^ Karlb\Ze
raZkZ\m^kblmb\l h_ Z IMH^ Q H^]b\Ze Gbg^Zk £e^\mkhg n\\^e^kZmhk": MZ]bheh`r: NO:ENF?
FN?NFnBBN: G?N?\GnIUG: G?C?Zg] g] nQ£MT: MO? ,DSMR-T"n I^p niikhZ\a mh
£e^\mkhg Oa^kZir": iZ`bgZ FDE]h "Kkh\^^]bg`l E g] Dgm^kgZmbhgZe rhg_^k^g\^ hg K^Z\^_nePl^l h_ nmhfb\ £g^k`r: Qhe? EN,Pgbm^] IZmbhgl: I?T?-
FO?nPrJP·PMD£M: e\ CPo£M: C? Zg] EnJQ£I: E? ,DSOC-T"Nblm^f^ ]^ OkZglihkm ]n
·Zbl\^Zn ]( ^e^\mkhgl ]Zgl D^NZ`bmmZbk^"? M^o? O^\a? Oahflhg ; r?N?· ??e??NMM?
FR?MnNNJR: E? ,DSOC-T"o^bmkZ` snk £e^dmkhg^gmb^_^gma^kZib^ fbmme^l K^g]^e[^lmkZeaeng`:DQ?P[^k ^bg^ f^oZkmb`^: _nk ikbfZk ngZn_`^lmk^gm^ £e^dmkhg^g li^sb_l\a^ Fe^bg;pbgd^ei^g]^em^\agbd"? NmkZae^gma^kZib^: DIC: DMN?
FS? NCDB£HnONP: T? Zg] CZrZfb: n? ,DSNS-T" £e^\mkhg Oa^kZir pabm Z N H^Q Gbg^Zkn\\^e^kZmhk"? NmkZae^gma^kZib^: DFRNIM?
IC? oMnCH£: n?: Zg] NQ£INNJI: C? ,DSON-T"Ni^\b_b\Zmbhg h_ £e^\mkhg o^Zf LnZebmr_khf ma^ r^gmkZe;nqbl s^ima n[lhk[^];shl^ sblmkb[nmbhg"?H^]? Karl??E?: SM?
ID? rJQn: K?G?\oJOOD: B? £ OJND: B? ,DSNO-T"rkbmb\Ze rhglb]^kZmbhgl hg £fiehrbg`
N\Zmm^k^kl pbma £e^\mkhg o^Zfl n\\^e^kZm^] [r ma^ o^mZmkhg"? NmkZae^gma^kZib^: DFF:O?
IE? NQ£INNJI: C? ,DSOD-T" Dg_en^g\^ h_ N\Zmm^kbg` ·hbel: OkZglfbllbhg Hhgbmhkl Zg]
rheebfZmbg` hg ma^ Z[lhk[^] shl^ sblmb[nmbhg _khf DCmh FMH^Q £e^\mkhg MZ]bmbhg"? n\mZMZ]bhe? Oa^k? Karl?obhD??DC:IIF?
IF? FJNGJQ: n? K? Zg] NCDNCJQ:Q? n? ,DSON-T·hkgbg` h_ £e^\mkhg o^Zfl _khf Zo^mkZmhg [r ·hbe N\Zmm^k^gl"?n\mZ MZ]bh~?Oa^k?Karl?obhD?:MBISF?
oMnCH£: n? ,DSOO-T"£e^\mkhg OkZglihkm Ka^ghf^gZ Zg] n[lhk[^] shl^ sblmkb[nmnbhglbg Oa^kZi^nmb\ £e^\mkhg o^Zfl"? i? DSRbg "ohhd h_ n[lmkZ\ml h_ SDQDgm^kgZmbhgZerhg`k^ll h_ MZ]bheh`r"?
IM?NnIso£MB: B? ,DSOF-T"£e^\mkhg o^Zf ·eZmm^kbg` pbma Zg nggneZk N\Zmm^kbg` ·hbe"?e££? OkZgl?In\e?NrD?:EC:DCEM?
IN? oEnMIBnMs: o?£?\ KDJIO£F: M?R? Zg] NQ£INNJI:B?F? ,DSON-T" £e^\mkhgN\Zmm^kbg` Zg] rheebfZmbhg Nrlm^f_hk Z DEH^Q Gbg^Zkn\\^eZkZmhk"? H^]? Karl?:F : DMF?
IO? noJP;HnIsJIQ: H? Zg] CnMs£M: s? ,DSOR-T"Nrlm^fZmb\ JimbfbsZmbhg h_ ma^shn[e^;N\Zmm^k^k Nrlm^f·hk £e^\mkhf o^Zf ·b^D];·eZm^kkbg`"?NmkZab^gma^kZib^: DMI:FER?
IR? GnIsnP?G? ,DSII-T "Jg ma^ £g^k`r Ghll h_ ·Zlm KZkmmb\e^l [r DhgbsZmbhg"?E?Karl?PNNM: R:ECD?
IS? ND£BonCI: F? ,DSNM-T"neiaZ;: o^mZ; Zg] BZffZ MZr Ni^\lmkhl\hir?Qhe D,IhkmaKn[eblabg`rhfiZgr: nflm^k]Zf-?
MC? ·£DNO: C?\ CnMs£M s? Zg] H£OUI£M: M? ,DSRN-T "£bg KeZlmbdNsbgmbeeZmbhglli^dmkhg^m^k _nk £e^dmkhg^g bg £g^k`b^[^g^b\a E [bl ECH^Q"? In\e?Dglmknf?H^mh]l: MR:EFN?
MD?£Q£MGTI: ·?\ FJIDIB: G?n? Zg] HnOOnIrC: e£? ,DSNC-T"nmhfb\ HZll^l h_In\e^b]^l _hk n OC"?In\e?Karl??DMFIE?
ME?HnOOnPrC: E?C?£?\OCD£G£:R? Zg] RnKNOMn: Z?a?,DSNM-T"DSNInmhfb\ HZllOZ[e^r"?In\e?Karl?NO:D?
MF?R nKNOMn: n? C? ^ BJM£: I?C?,DSODnmhfb\ HZll £ohenmbhg? KZkm DD?In\e^Zk;M^Z\mbhg Zg] N^iZkZmbhg£g^k`b^l"?In\e^ZksZmZ ,N^\m?n- E:FCF?
MI?G£s£M£: r?H? ^ NCDMG£T:TN? ,DSOR-T"OZ[e^l h_Dlhmhi^l"?-IDRbe^r Zg] Nhgl:Dg\I?T?-?
MM?o£Is£G: R?G?\ Hr£GCDII£G: ID Zg] OJoDI: M?n? ,DSMR-T "Kahmhg^nmkhg
M^Z\mbhgl bgI:C: ·? rP: n`: Zg] Dg"?Karl?M^o?:DDD:DESO?
MN?B£GG£M: F? I??\ CnGK£MI: ID Zg] HPDMC£ns: £?B? ,DSNC-T"Kahmhg^nmkhgM^Z\mhglT DEr: DII: DNCZg] DS· g^Zkmabk^lahe]"? Karl?M^o?DDS:ODN??
MO?GnPUG ??GC? ,DSNS-T"HZ`g^mb\ Zg] Oabk^lahe] O^\agbjn^ _hk £g^k`r rZeb[kZmbhg h_Cb`a £g^k`r MZ]bZmbhgl"?ngg?I?T?n\Z]? N\b??DND:DCD?
MR?NQ£INNJI:C?Zg] C£OODIB£M: B? ,DSOD-T"shlbf^mkb\ H^Zlnk^f^gml Zm Ihk]b\H^]b\Ze n\\^e^kZmhkl? KZkm^ D?raZkZ\m^kblmb\l h_ ma^ MZ]bZmbhg o^Zf"? n\mZ MZ]bhe? Oa^k?Karl?obhD?"FNS
MS?QJI nMS: nT FPKCnG: F? Zg] N£HK£MO: H? ,DSOC-T"£g^k`b^^b\ang`]^k£e^dmkhg^glmkZaeng` ^bg^l IMH^Q ; o^mZmkhgl fbm Cbe_^ ]^l rhk^gdho ; £__^d_^l"? Nmn]?[bhiarl??EF:MD?
NC? NQ£INNJI: C? ,DSOC-T"shlbf^mkb\ H^Zlnk^f^gml Zm ma^ Ihk]b\ H^]b\Zen\\^e^kZmhkl? KZkm DD?n[lhk[^] shl^ H^Zlnk^f^gml"? ,MZ]? Karl? s^im? Pgbo? Pf^Z?Np^]^g-?
ND?·MnIF: D?H?Zg] OnHH: D?,DSFO-T"rha^k^gm Qblb[e^ MZ]bZmbhg h_ ·Zlm £e^\mkhglKZllbg`Okhn`a HZmm^k"? rhfim? M^g]?n\Z]? N\b?:F: DCS?
NE?GD£N£I:C? Zg] KJGDGDO:R? ,DSOR-T"n Nbfie^H^mah] h_ £g^k`r s^m^kfbgZmbhg _hk£e^\mkhg n\\^e^kZmhk] nl^] bg H^]b\bg^"? i? ESDIZmbhgZe Zg] Dgm^kgZmbhgZeNmZg]Zk]bsmbhgh_ MZ]bZmbhg shlbf^mkr: QD?DD:Dn£n Kn[eb\Zmbhg NOD,KPo- IOD ,Dgm^kgZmbhgZe nmhfb\£g^k`r `^g\r: Qb^ggZ-?
NF?GD£N£I:C?\ KJGDGDO:R? Zg] C£GG£M: M? ,DSOI-T"£bg_Z]b^l Q^k_Zebk^g snk£g^k`b^[^lmbffng` [^b f^]bsbgbl\ab `^gnmsm^g ^e^dmkhg^g[^le^ngb`^f"? NmkZae^gma^kZib^:DIR:?D?
NI? oM£Q£M: C?\ CnMs£M: s? Zg] KJGDGDO:R? ,DSMR-T"Unk £g^k`b^; M^b\ap^bm^;
o^sb^eng` _nk fhgh^g^k`^mbl\a^ N\ag^ee^ £e^dmkhg"?U? IZmnk_hkl\a?: DFZ:MNO?
NM?KJGDGDO:R? ,DSNM-?"shlbf^mkb\ snk o^mZmkhgma^kZib^ ,B^hk`? Oab^gf^ Q^keZ`:
Nmnmm`Zkm-?
NN? HnMFPN? o? ,DSND-T "£g^k`b^[^lmbffng` N\g^ee^k £e^d_khg^g Znl
Ob^_^g]hllbldnko^g"? NmkZama^kZib^: DDN:ERC?
NO?IPNN£: H? ,DSNS-T"·Z\mhkl Z__^\mbg` ma^ ^g^k`r;kZg`^ k^eZmbhg h_ ·Zlm £e^\mkhgl bgnenfbgbnf"? Karl?H^]? obhD?:DI:FDM?
NR?CnMs£M: s? nIs l\anes: J-K- ,DSOE-T"Nhf^ I^p Karlb\Ze sZmZ _hk £e^\mkhg o^Zf
shlbf^mkr"? i? IOM bg nflm^k]Zf: DSOD?Kkh\^^]bg`l h_ ma^ £nkhi^Zg rhg`k^ll h_
MZ]bheh`r ,£q\^kimZ H^]b\Z: nflm^k]Zf-?
NS? CnMs£M: s? ,DSNM-T "snk\a`Zg` N\a^g^ee^k £e^e\mkhg^g ]nk\a sb\d^
HZm^kb^l\ab\am^g"? Oa^lbl: Pgbo^klbmr h_ Rbbks[nk`: B^kfZgr?
OC? NrMns ,DSNN-? ,Oa^ ln[;rhffbmm^^ hg MZ]bZmbhg shlbf^mkr h_ ma^ nf^kb\Zg
nllh\bZmbhg h_ Karlb\blml bg H^]b\bg^-T "Kkhmh\he _hk shlbf^mkr h_ Cb`a £g^k`r £e\mkhgl"?Karl?H^]? obhD??DDMCM?
OD? sDI ,DSON-? s^nml\a^l Dgmbmnm _nk Ihkfng`T "Febgbl\a^ shlbf^mkb^: sDI NRCS:,s^nml\a^l Dglmbmnm _nk Ihkfng`: o^kebg-?
OE? InrK ,DSRC-? M^\hff^g]Zmbhg h_ ma^ Ihk]b\ nllh\bZmbhg h_ rebgb\Ze Karlb\lT
"Kkh\^]nk^l bg £qm^kgZe MZ]bZmbhg Oa^kZir o^mp^^g DZg] MCH^Q? n\mZ MZ]bhe? Jg\heh`r:DS:MM?
OF?FnOU: G? Zg] K£M· JGs: n? N?,DSME-T"MZg`^;£g^k`r M^eZmbhgl _hk £e^\mkhgl Zg] ma^
s^m^kfbgZmbhl h_ o^mZ; MZr £g]ihbgm £g^k`b^l [r n[lhkimbhg? M^o? H^]? Karl?: EI: ER?
OI? CnMs£M: ]? ,DSOC-T"Nhf^ B^g^kZe M^lneml _khf ma^ mkZglihkmma^hkrh_ ^e^\mkhgZ[lhkimbhg?" iZ`? MNO]h "Kkh\^^]bg`l h_ ma^ N^\hg] Nrfihlbnf hg Hb\kh]hlbf^mkr"?M^ihkm gCIIME:£[^km: C? B? £]? ,rhffbllbhg h_ ma^ £nkhi^Zg rhffngbmb^l: oknll^el-?
OM?HnOON NJI: J?G?\ EJCnINNJI: F?n?\ NQ£INNJI: C? ,DSRD-?n\mZ MZ]bheh`b\Z
Jg\heh`r: oEC: ·Zl\?N: FCMT"s^m^\mhkl Zg] H^mah]l _hk ma^ s^m^kfbgZmbhg h_ n[lhko^]
shl^ bg £e^\mkhg o^Zfl h_ £g^k`b^l o^mp^^g Z Zg] MCH^Q"?
ON?Ihk]b\ nllh\bZmbhg h_ rebgb\Ze Karlb\l ,InrK-: ,DSRD-?Nnie^f^gmh ]h InrK ,k^_ OE-?
n\mZ MZ]bhe? Jg\heh`r: oEC ,·Zl\? N-: ICE?
OO?o£MB£M? HE? ^ N£GOU£M: N?H? ,DSNS-T"LnZebmr h_ MZ]bZmbhg bg RZm^k H^]bnf
DkkZ]bZm^] Cb`a;£[^k`r £e^\mkhg o^Zfl"? i? DEObg ohhd h_ n[lmkZ\ml h_ SDDDgm^kgZmbhgZe
\hg`k^ll h_ MZ]bheh`r?
OR?OnonOn: O?\ DOJ: O?\ JFno£: N?Zg] ·PgOn: T? ,DSOD-?"£qmkZiheZm^] Zg] Kkhc^\m
MZg`^l h_ I;EI H^Q £^e\mkhgl bg £e^f^gmZe HZm^kbZbl"? IDniie? Karl?: IE: FFND?
OS? ·M£To£MB£M: d? ,DSNI-T "Jkmeb\a^ Q^km^beng` ]^k £g^k`b^]hlbl [^bf snk\a`Zg`N\ag^eD^k £e^dmkhg^g ]nk\a]b\dl HZm^kb^l\ab\am^g Oa^lbl: Pgbo^klbmr h_ RJks[nk`:
B^kfZgr?
RC?oMnCH£?n?\ CPGO£M: B? ^ NQ£INNJI: a? ,DSRC-?"£e^\mkhg Zg] Kahmhg o^Zfl_hkf Z MCH^Q M^\^mkZ\d Hb\khmhg n\mZ MZ]bhe? Jg\heh`r: DS:FCM?
RD? nf^kb\Zg nllh\bZmbhg h_ Karlb\blml bg H^]b\bg^ ,DSRF-T o Kkhmh\he _hk ma^
s^m^kfbgZmbhg h_ n[lhko^] shl^ _hkf Cb`am;£g^k`r Kahmhg Zg] £e^\mkhg o^Zfl"? H^]?Karl? : DC,N-: OID?,Iho?es^\?-?
RE?oMnCH£: n? ^ NQ£INNJI:C? ,DSON-T"Ni^\b_b\Zmbhg h_ £e^\mhkg o^Zf LnZebmr _khf
ma^ r^gmkZe;nqbl s^ima n[lhk[^];shl^ sblmkb[nbmbhg"? H^]? Karl??F: SM?
RI? CnMs£M: s? ,DSNM- hg "obhiarlb\Ze nli^\ml h_ MZ]bZmbhg LnZebmr"Dn£n O^\agb\Ze
M^ihkm:v DIC:Qb^gZ?
RN?HnMOJI: G?\HnMOJI: r?\ CnGG: R?B? ,DSMN-T"£e^\mkhg Karlb\l OZ[e^l": IoNrbk\neZk MOD:RZlabg`mhg: s?r?
RO?£IB£: C?n?T"·h\nlbg` h_ rcZkc`^] KZkmb\e^l": Qhe? DD: n?N^imb^l: ^]bmhk\ n\Z]^fb\Kk^ll?I?T? Ghg]hg ,DSNO-?
RR?GDQDIBNOJI?H?N?ToG£R£OO: E?K?T"KZkmb\bie^ n\\^e^kZmhkl"H\ BkZp;Cbee rh?Dg\?:N?·kZg\bl\h: Ohkhgmh: Ghg]hg?DSNE?
RS? F£INO: s?R?\ N£Mo£M: M?T" £e^\mhgb\ Jk[bml bg ma^ Dg]n\mbhg n\\^e^kZmbhg":Karl?M^o?:NC:MFEner: DSID?
SD?·MJ£GDrC: CM? ,DMR-T"s^lb`g h_ Z s^__^\mhk Zg] Z HZ`g^mb\ Ni^\mkhf^m^k _hk ma^^qm^kgZe o^Zf h_ ma^ Hb\khmhg"? H?N\? Oa^lbl: Karlb\l s^im?: Pgbo^klbmr h_ R^lm^kgJgmZkbh?
SE? N£GGN: Q?£? ,DSMR-T"£e^\mkhg £g^k`r H^Zlnk^f^gml h_ ma^ M^\^mkZ\d Hb\khmhgo^Zf"? H?N\?Oa^lbl: Karlb\ls^im?: Pgbo^klbmr h_ R^lm^kg JgmZkbh?
SS? oMJRI: F?G?T"n _bklm;Zg] N^\hg] Jk]^k HZmkbq Oa^hkr _hk ma^ s^lb`g h_ [^ZfOkZglihkm Nrlm^fl Zg] raZk`^] Ni^\mkhf^m^kl": NGnr M^ihkm OM,F-: NmZg_hk]: rZeb_hkgbZ,DSOE-?
DCC?oG££MN: T? ,DSNE-TDgmkh]n\mbhgmh ma^ OC£JMT h_ £MMJM: n]]belhg R^leprKn[eblabg` rhfiZgr HZllZ\anll^ml: rZeb_hkgbZ: Ghg]hg: nflm^k]Zf: JgmZkbh: Nr]g^r:N^\hg] ^]bmbhg: mabk] ikbgmbg`?
DCD?InrK ; "Ihk]b\ nllh\bZmbhg h_ rebgb\Ze Karlb\l"?n\mZ MZ]bh~?Oa^k? Karl?obhD??DD:NCF;NOE;,DSOE-?
DCF?FnMUHnMF: r? D?TGJ£QDIB£I:M\ NO££G£: M ^ R£DNNoGPOC: H?TMZ]bheh`r: OI: NFF;NC,DSNC-
DCM?o£MB£M: H?D?^ N£GOU£M: N?H?IZm?onk? NmZg] ,PNn-? Dgm^kgZeM^ihkm RE:EIMD,DSRE-?
DCN?C£MQDIB: s?·? ^ rJHKOJI: s?H?D? rhfinm^kl bg MZ]bhma^kZir ,okbm? Dglm?h_MZ]bhD?:Ghg]hg: MD;OD,DSOD-
DCO?NQ£INNJI:A_R£NOGDIB:K?^ GnMNNJI:G?B?n\mZ MZ]?Oa^k? iarl?obhD?:DI:EES;OM,DSOM-?
DCR?oGPIrF: J?£ R£NOKCnG: F? "£g^k`b^o^kenlm ^g^k`b^k^b\a^k ^e^dmkhg^g bg ]ngg^gl\ab\am^g"?U?Karlbd:DFC:NID,DSMD-?
DCS?o£MB£M: H? D?"Hhgm^ rZkeh rh]^ Nrlm^f _hk £e^\mkhg Zg] Kahmhg OkZglihkmOakhn`a ^qm^g]^] f^]bZ"? MNDr;rrr;DCO: iZ`? MO?JZd Mb]`^ IZmbhgZe GZ[hkZmhkr:,DSNS-?
DDC?oMnCH£: n?\ CPGO£I: B?^ NQ£INNJI:A Karl?H^]? obheh`r: EC: FS;OM,DSOM-?
DDD?CnMs£M: s? "Ni^\mkZ h_ KkbfZkrZg] N^\hg]Zkr£e^\mkhgl bg fZm^kbZe DkkZ]bZm^][r·Zlm £e^\mkhgl"? Dn£NO^\ag?M^ihkm?N^k?IxMRDSNN:DIC?
,,-' ._-PSC~ - "Olr·o\ CF·B\CCl£sC]£BDe\ M\s\DBRDl£s£] Dlae Cs\BaG Co\SDB£sA\RrCls FRDD\B~N\'·£BDOOE?,;:.&(,,' IRDl£sRoEsCDlDED\£] NRTlRDl£sMB£D\SDl£s'OD£Sne£or'
Recommended