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tUlhe;j Mz;L mwp;f;if - 2009
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk;
nghUslf;fk;
tpguk; gf;fk;
vkJ Nehf;F 1
$l;bizg;G jfty; 2
rpNu\;l Kfhikj;Jtk; 3
gzpg;ghsh; mwpf;if 4 – 10
jiyth; mwpf;if 11 – 20
ngWkjp Nrh;f;fg;gl;l $w;W 21
Kf;;fpakhdit 22
$l;bizg;G ey;MSif 23 – 28
epjpf; $w;Wf;fs; 29
tUkhdf;$w;W 30
Ie;njhif 31 – 32
%yjd khw;wf; $w;W 33 – 34
fhRg;gha;r;rw; $w;W 35 – 38
fzf;fPl;Lf; nfhs;iffs; 39 – 52
epjpf; $w;Wf;fSf;F chpj;jhd Fwpg;Gfs; 53 – 74
gj;jhz;Lg; nghopg;G 75 – 82
fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik mjpgjpapd; mwpf;if 83 – 107
RUf;f tbtq;fs; 108 - 109
1
vkJ Nehf;F
vkJ ehl;bd; tsj;ij Nehf;fpg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; mNjNtis> gpuhe;jpaj;jpy;
ngw;Nwhypak; kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlh;Gila ifj;njhopy;fspd;> gpujhd
thbf;ifahsh; rhh;ghd> #oy; hPjpahf el;GwTila njhopy; Kaw;rpahf
tpsq;FtJ.
vkJ NtiyAk;
nrsf;fpak;> ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; #oypy; Mff;$Ljyhd mf;fiw nrYj;JtJld;
Copah; gq;fspg;G> Gjpad fz;Lgpbj;jy; kw;Wk; midj;J eltbf;iffspYk;>
cah;e;j ePjpnewp Kiwfisg; NgZtJ Mfpatw;wpdhy; njhopypd; tsh;r;rpf;Fk;
mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; cah;njhopy;El;g mbg;gilia gpuNahfpf;Fk; mNjNtis
tpRthrkhdJk; jpwik tha;e;jJkhd Kfth; tiyg;gpd;dy; %ykhfTk;>
thbf;ifahshpd; vjph;ghh;g;GfSf;Fk; Nkyhf KOikahd jPh;TfisAk;
NritfisAk; toq;Ftjd; %yk; ngw;Nwhypa Rj;jpfhpg;G> cah; juj;jpyhd
cw;gj;jpfis tpw;gid nra;tJ njhlh;ghd jpwid va;JtjhFk;.
2
$l;bizg;G jfty ;
gzpg;ghsh; rig
jiyth; kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jtg; gzpg;ghsh;
NkIh; nIduy; mNrhf;f njhunjdpah> a+v];gP
gzpg;ghsh;fs;
jpU.nkj;rpwp tpNIFzth;jd
jpU. rhypa uhIfUzh
jpUkjp. fhe;jp tpNIJq;f
jpU. Nltpl; rhpj;j Fzuj;d
jpU. ep`hy; nfg;ngw;wpg;nghy
jpU. vk;.A.vk;. myp rg;wp
fzf;fha;thsh;
fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik mjpgjp
gjpT nra;ag;gl;l fhhpahyak;
“nwhl;Ld;lh ltH”> ,y. 109> fhyp tPjp> nfhOk;G 3
njhiyNgrp : 2473644 (9 iyd;fs;) 5455455 (10 iyd;fs;)
je;jp : 2473644 “yq;fh Xapy;”
Nfgps;fs; : CEYPETCO
nlnyf;]; : 221167> 221235> 221624 CEPETCO – CE
njhiyefy; : 2473979
kpd;dQ;ry; : cpcsec@ceypetco.gov.lk
tq;fpahsh;fs;
kf;fs; tq;fp fpwpd;Nya;]; tq;fp ,yq;if tq;fp rpw;wp ghq;f; vd;. V. tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if nfhkh;\y; tq;fp `w;wd; e\dy; tq;fp ypkpll; ];uhd;ll; rhh;l;lh;l;
3
rpNu\;l Kfhikj;Jtk;
NkIh; nIduy; mNrhf;f njhunjdpah
jiyth;/Kfhikj;Jtg; gzpg;ghsh;
jpU gP.rP. Iath;jd Rj;jpfhpg;Gj;Jiw gjpy; Kfhikahsh;
v];.Nf.rpwpy; gpujp nghJ Kfhikahsh;
(eph;thfk; $l;LwT mYty;fs;/tpahghu mgptpUj;jp)
jpU yypj; fUzhuj;d gpujp nghJ Kfhikahsh; (epjp)
v];.lgps;A+.fkNf gjpy;. gpujp nghJ Kfhikahsh; (jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp)
jpU vd;.Mh;.Mh;.IaNrfu gpujp nghJ Kfhikahsh; (guhkhpg;G kw;Wk; nraw;jpl;lq;fs;)
vd;.vd;.I.Mh;. ngh;dhz;Nlh gpujp Rj;jphpg;Gj;Jiw Kfhikahsh; (njhopy;El;g Nritfs;)
jpU <.vk;.gpaNrd gpujp Rj;jpfhpg;Gj;Jiw Kfhikahsh;
jpUkjp. Mh;.hP.V.jhgNu epjp Kfhikahsh;
; jpU lgps;A+.ruj;;.ngNuuh Kfhikahsh; (cs;sff; fzf;fha;T)
jpUkjp. IP b nghd;Nrfh gpujk rl;l mjpfhhp
jpU gp.IP.vk;;. rkutpf;uk
nghwpapay; & tshf Kfhikahsh
jpU NkI.vk;.Mh;.v];.gP.rkurpq;f Kfhikahsh; (ghJfhg;G)
jpU Nf.v];.lgps;a+. nfhl;l`r;rp th;j;jf Kfhikahsh;
jpU V.Mh;. Vgpy; re;ijg;gLj;jy; Kfhikahsh; (tpahghu mgptpUj;jp)
jpUkjp. vr;.nrdptpuj;d tsq;fy; Kfhikahsh
jpU vd;.lgps;a+.B.NI rpy;th re;ijg;gLj;jy; Kfhikahsh; (rpy;yiw)
;jpU V. yk;gpa]; Kfhikahsh; (tptrha ,urhadq;fs;)
jpU.Nf.lgps;A+.v];. G\;gyhy; Mszp KfhikahsH
jpU. lgps;A+. vk;. Nf. Mh;.gP. tpf;ukrpq;` re;ijg;gLj;jy; Kfhikahsh; (cuha;T ePf;fp kw;Wk; jputpg; ngw;Nwhypa thA)
jpU vk;. Nf. fUrpq;` Kfhikahsh; (mgptpUj;jp)
4
gzpg;ghsh; mwpf;if
1961 Mk; Mz;bd; 28 Mk; ,yf;f ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgd
mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpd; gFjp 32(3) ,d; gpufhuk; gzpg;ghsH rig 2009 jpnrk;gH 31
Mk; jpfjp KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhd jdJ mwpf;ifia rkHg;gpg;gjpy;
kfpo;r;rpailfpd;wJ. tiuT epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; 2010 khHr; 19 Mk; jpfjp
elhj;jg;gl;l rigf;$l;lj;jpy; gzpg;ghsH rigapdhy; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;L (2010
khHr; 19) md;wa jpdNk fzf;fha;thsH jiyik mjpgjp mtHfSf;Fr;
rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. fzf;fha;T nra;ag;gl;l epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; 2010 khHr; 19 md;W
toq;fg;gLtjw;F mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;lJ.
Mz;lwpf;ifAk;> fzf;FfSk;> fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik mjpgjpapd;
mwpf;ifAld; ngw;Nwhypa kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhypa ts mgptpUj;jp mikr;rUf;F
Vw;fdNt rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
%y eltbf;iffs;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; %y eltbf;iffshtd ,wf;Fkjp> Rj;jpfhpg;G> tpw;gid
kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapy; ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfspd; tpepNahfk; vd;gitahFk;.
tpahghu kPsha;T
,yq;ifg; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Mz;;bw;fhd nraw;ghl;Lldhd
jiythpd; kPsha;T 11 Kjy; 21 gf;fq;fspy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; Kiwikfs;
$l;Lj;jhgdg; gjpNtLfspd; ek;gfj;jd;ikiaAk; $Lkhd tiuapyhd
Jy;ypaj; jd;ikiaAk; ghJfhj;J mjd; nrhj;Jf;fisg; Ngzj;jf;f tifapy;
Kiwahd topapy; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; tpahghuj;ij elhj;Jtjw;fhd Njitahd
cs;shh;e;j Mf;fg+h;tkhdJkhd cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghLfis gzpg;ghsh; rig
mKyhf;fpAs;sJ.
5
kdpj tsq;fs;
Copah;fspd; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf $l;Lj;jhgdk; njhlh;r;rpahf Vw;w
kdpj %yts Kfhikj;Jtf; nfhs;iffis mKyhf;fp
eilKiwg;gLj;JtJld; kdpj %ytsg; gphpT gzpg;ghsh; rigahy;
mq;fPfhpf;fg;l;l kPl;fg;gl;l Mszpg; ghpe;Jiufisj; jahhpj;J tUfpd;wJ.
vkJ kdpj%ytsnfhs;ifahdJ vkJ Fwpf;Nfhs;fis va;Jtjw;fhf vkJ
Copah;fSf;Fg; ntspehl;Lg; gapw;rpfs; cs;slq;fyhf Gjpa re;;jh;g;gq;fis
toq;fp mth;fsJ cr;rg; gq;fspg;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. Gjpa gjtpazpg;
ghpe;JiuahdJ epWtfnkq;fpYk; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd; Mf;fj;jpwid Kd;Ndw;w
cjTfpd;wJ.
fzf;fha;Tf; FO
fzf;fha;Tf; FO %d;W mq;fj;jth;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. (fzf;fha;Tf;
FOtpd; jiyth; cl;gl) midtUk; epiwNtw;Wg; gzpg;ghsh;fs;
my;yhjth;;fshth;. 2000 khh;r; 15 Mk; jpfjpa gPvg;/gP< 7 Mk; ,yf;f epjpr;
Rw;wwpf;ifapy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s njspTgLj;jg;gl;l tpje;Jiug;GfSf;fpzq;f
FO nraw;gLfpd;wJ.
epjpr; nraw;ghL
tpw;gidg; Gus;T
fle;j Mz;bw;fhd &gh 358.002 gpy;ypad; njhifAld; xg;gLifapy;
Mz;bw;fhd tpw;gidg; Gus;T &gh 257.508 gpy;ypad; Mff; Fiwtile;Js;sJ.
,J 28.07 rjtPj Fiwitf; fhz;gpj;Js;sJ. mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l Kjd;ikf;
fhuzpahf tpw;gid mstpd; mjpfhpg;Gj; jd;ikiaAk; tpw;gidg; Gus;T
Fiwe;jikiaAk; Fwpg;gplyhk;. tpw;gidg; Gus;tpd; Fiwtpw;fhfg; gq;fspj;j
gpujhd fhuzpfshf Mz;bd; NghJ Bry;> ngw;Nwhy;> kz;nzz;nza; kw;Wk;
#is vz;nza;apd; vhpnghUs; tpiyfspd; Fiwitf; Fwpg;gplyhk ;.
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Mz;bw;fhd nkhj;j Gus;thdJ cs;Sh; tpw;gidapd; (97.5%)
6
IAk; Nehpy; Vw;Wkjpapd; (2.5%) IAk; cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ. Bry;> ngw;Nwhy;>
kz;nzz;nza; kw;Wk; krF vz;nza; vd;gd cs;Sh; tpw;gidapd; gpujhd
$WfshFk;. ehl;bd; 77% Md ngw;Nwhypa tpw;gidf;Fk; 85% Md Bry;
tpw;gidf;Fk; $l;Lj;jhgdk; nghWg;GilajhFk;.
,yhgk;/el;lk;
$l;Lj;jhgdk; njhlh;e;J &gh 11>353.224 kpy;ypad; njhifahd el;lj;ij
Vw;wpUe;jJld; ,J Kd;ida Mz;by; gjpthfpa &gh 14>075.28 kpy;ypad;
njhifahd el;lj;ijtplf; FiwthdjhFk;. vz;nza;apd; tpiyia khdpa
tpiyapy; kpd; Mf;fq;fSf;Fk; ifj;njhopw;rhiyfSf;Fk; tpw;gid
nra;jikNa el;lj;jpw;Fg; gpujhd gq;fspg;Gf; fhuzpahf ,Ue;jJ. kpd;
Mf;fj;jpwdhfTk; ifj;njhopw;rhiyfSf;fhfTk; cah; ry;gh; #is
vz;nza;ia tpw;gid nra;jikahy; Vw;fg;gl;l el;lj;njhif KiwNa &gh
18>550.24 kpy;ypad; njifahfTk; &gh 8>588.09 kpy;ypad; njhifahfTk;
gjpthfpaJ. nghJ kf;fSf;F kz;nzz;nza;f;fhf toq;fg;gl;l rYif
fhuzj;jpdhy; Vw;gl;l el;lj;njhif &gh 1>840.43 kpy;ypad; njhifahFk;.
tpkhdq;fSf;fhd nIl; V – 1 ,d; tpw;gidahyhd el;lj; njhif &gh
353.095 kpy;ypad; MdJld; ,J Kd;ida Mz;bd; NghJ $wg;gl;l
el;lj;ijg;ghh;f;fpYk; ghhpastpy; FiwthdjhFk;.
Nkw;Fwpj;j fhuzpfspdhy; ghhpa ,og;Gfs; cwg;gl;l NghjpYk;> 90 xf;Nld;
ngw;Nwhy; kw;Wk; Xl;Nlh Bry; tpw;gidahdJ &gh 6>865.22 kpy;ypadhYk; &gh
2>189.73 kpy;ypadhYk; ,yhgg; gq;fspg;gpw;F rhjfkhd gq;fspg;ig
toq;fpapUe;jd. ,t; ,U njhiffSk; m];Nghy;l;l> neg;jh> 95 xf;Nld;
ngw;Nwhy; kw;Wk; Rgh; Bry; vd;gtw;wpypUe;J cioj;j ,yhgj;Jld; Mz;bd;
NghJ &gh 11>479.47 kpy;ypad; njhifajd xl;L nkhj;j el;lj;ijf;
Fiwtilar; nra;tjw;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jpUe;jd.
7
2009
&gh tUkhdk;
2008
&gh tUkhdk;
tUkhdk; 237,662.619 341,670.329
tpw;gidf; fpuak; (233,540.920) (339,835.291)
nkhj;j ,yhgk; 4,121.700 1,835.038
nraw;ghl;L tUkhdk; 2,290.064 1,070.740
6,411.760 2,905.778
tpw;gid tpepNahfr; nrytpdk; (10,421.438) (10,516.235)
epHthfr; nrytpdk; (2,602.887) (3,961.366)
epjpr; nrytpdk; (4,740.663) (3,163.204)
thpf;F Kd;duhd ,yhgk;/ (el;lk;) (11,353.224) 14,735.028
thp (213.735) (217.490)
thpf;Fg; gpd;duhd ,yhgk;/ (el;lk;) (11,566.957) (14,952.518)
murhq;fg; gq;fspg;G
2009
&gh tUkhdk;
2008
&gh tUkhdk;
ngWkjp NrH thp 688.00 1,255.00
fyhy; thp 18,138.00 14,283.00
r%fg; nghWg;G thp 520.00 292.00
tpw;gidahsH tpw;gidg; Gus;T thp kw;Wk; ,wf;Fkjp tpw;gidg; Gus;T thp
2,360.00 3,494.00
gPVvy; 5,868.00 12,099.00
tUkhd thp 214.00 214.00
gpw;Nghlg;gl;l gq;fpyhgk; 97.00 76.00
tuT thp 387.00 -
Njrj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; thp 380.00 -
nkhj;jk; 28,652.00 31,713.00
8
nraw;ghl;Lr; nrytpdq;fs;
kPsha;thz;bd; Nghjhd nkhj;j nraw;ghl;Lr; nrytpdq;fs; Kd;ida
Mz;bw;fhd &gh 17>640 kpy;ypad; njhifAld; xg;gplg;gLifapy; &gh 17>764.90
kpy;ypad; tiu mjpfhpj;jpUe;jJ. ,J kpfTk; Fiwthd mstpyhd kPjpapd;
mjpfhpg;ghFk;.
%yjdr; nrytpdk;
Mz;bw;fhd nkhj;jr; nrytpdk; &gh 270.642 kpy;ypad; njhifahd
mNjNtis fle;j Mz;bd; NghJ ,JNt &gh 468.128 kpy;ypad; Mfg;
gjpthfpaJ.
Mjdk;> nghwpj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Mjdk;> nghwpj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;;fspd; tpguq;fSk;
mtw;wpd; mirTfSk; 63 Mk; gf;fj;jpy; epjpf;$w;Wf;fspd; Fwpg;G 6 ,y;
jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
xJf;fq;fs;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; nkhj;j xJf;fq;fs; 2009 brk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthW &gh
5>628.58 kpy;ypad; njhifahdJld; ,J fle;j Mz;bd; ,d; &gh 5>586.20
kpy;ypadhfg; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l njhifAld; xg;gplg;gl;ljhFk;.
gq;fspg;G %yjdk;
2009 brk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthW $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; nkhj;j gq;fspg;G %yjdk;
&gh 1>000 kpy;ypad; njhifahFk;.
gzpg;ghsh; rig
rigahdJ jiyth; cs;slq;fyhf VO gzpg;ghsh;fisf; nfhz;ljhFk;.
kPsha;thz;bd; NghJ $l;Lj;jhgdg; gzpg;ghsh;fs; gpd;tUgth;fshth;.
9
1. NkIh; nIduy; mNrhf;f njhunjdpa - jiytH /Kfhikj;Jtg;
gzpg;ghsh;
2. jpU. nkj;rpwp B.tpIaFzth;jd
3. jpU. rhypa uhIfUzh
4. jpUkjp. fhe;jp tpNIJq;f
5. jpU. Nltpl; rhpj;j Fzul;z
6. jpU. vk;.tP.vk;.myp rg;wp
7. fg;ld; ep`y; nfgbnghy
xg;ge;jq;fs; kw;Wk; cwthd gFjpapdhpd; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspd;
gzpg;ghs;fSf;fhd mf;fiw
$l;Lj;jhgdj;Jld; gzpg;ghsh;fsJ mf;fiw epjpf;$w;Wf;fspd; Fwpg;Gfspy;
jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; gpukhzq;fSldhd ,zf;fk;
$l;Lj;jhgdk; rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; gpukhzq;fis kPWk; tifapyhd ve;jtpj
eltbf;iffspYk; <Lgl;bUf;ftpy;iy. gy;NtW rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; gpukhz
Vw;ghLfSld; ,zq;Fk; tifapy; nraw;gLtij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fg;
nghWg;ghd midtUk; jkJ ,zf;fj;ij rigf;;F cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;.
epajpr; rl;lf; nfhLg;gdTfs;
gzpg;ghsh;fs;> jkJ rpwe;j mwptpw;Fk;; ek;gpf;iff;Fk; ,zq;Fk; tifapy;
murhq;fj;jpw;Fk;> Copah;fs; njhlh;ghfTk; nrYj;j Ntz;ba rfy epajpr;
rl;lf; nfhLg;gdTfisAk; chpa Neuj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sjhf jpUg;jp
nfhz;lth;fshth;.
10
njhlh; ,af;fk;
gzpg;ghsh; rig $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; tpahghuj; jpl;lj;ij kPsha;T nra;J vjph;T
$wj;jf;f vjph;fhyk; tiuapy; mjd; nraw;ghLfisj; njhlh;tjw;Fg; NghJkhd
msT %ytsq;fisf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; nfhz;Ls;sik Fwpj;J
jpUg;jpailfpd;wJ.
fzf;fha;thsh;fspd; epakdk;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; fzf;fha;thsh;> fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik mjpgjp
mth;fshthh;. ,th; ,yq;;if [dehaf Nrhryprf; FbauR murpayikg;gpd; 154
Mk; cWg;giuapy; cs;s Vw;ghLfspd; gpufhuk;; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.
gzpg;ghsh; rigf;fhTk; mth;fs; rhh;ghfTk;
NkI n[duy; mNrhf;f njhunjdpa> a+v];gP
jiyth;/Kfhikg; gzpg;ghsh;
11
jiyth; mwpf;if
mwpKfk;
ghhpa rthy;fSldhd cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspthhp epge;jidfspw;Fk; Nkyhf
2009 ,y; ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhuk;> 3.5 rtPj xl;Lnkhj;j tsh;r;rp tPjj;ijf;
fhz;gpj;jJ. ,J Mz;bd; ,uz;lhk; fhyhz;L Kjy; nghUshjhuj;jpy;
jPh;f;fkhd kPl;ig tpistpf;Fk; Xh; tpjptpyf;fhd va;jyhFk;. ,yq;if kj;jpa
tq;fpahy; mwptpf;fg;gl;lthW Mz;bd; ehd;fhk; fhyhz;bd; Nghjhd tsh;r;rp
tPjk; 6.2 rjtPjkhFk;. .
fle;j Mz;bd; gpw;gFjp Kjy; Vw;gl;l cyfshtpa nghUshjhuj;jpd;
gpd;dilthdJ cyfshtpa vz;nza;f;fhd Nfs;tpia Fiwj;J tpiyfspy;
ghhpasT tPo;r;rpia Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,t; tPr;rhdJ kPsha;thz;bd; Kjw;
fhyg;gFjpf;Fk; njhlh;e;J jyh xU guy; 40 a+v]; nlhyh;fshf vz;nza;
tpiy tPo;r;rpAw;wpUe;jJ. ,yq;if Efh;NthUf;F cyfshtpa vz;nza;
tpiyfspd; Fiwtpd; eyd;fis toq;fp 2008 brk;ghpy; ngw;Nwhypa
cw;gj;jpfspd; cs;Sh; tpw;gid tpiy kPl;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
Mov ement of C rude P ric e
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1/2/2003 1/2/2004 1/2/2005 1/2/2006 1/2/2007 1/2/2008 1/2/2009 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
US $/bbl
murhq;fj; jPh;khdj;jpd; gpufhuk;> kPsha;thz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J epiyahd
khdpa tpiyapy; kpd;rf;jp cUthf;fj;jpw;fhf #is vz;nza;ia
tpepNahfpg;gjw;F Muk;gpj;jpUe;jJ.
12
Mz;bd; NghJ rf;jp cUthf;fj;jpw;fhf khdpa mbg;gilapy; cah; ry;gh;
#is vz;nza;; tpw;gidapdhy; Vw;gl;l nkhj;j el;lk; &gh 18>550>24
kpy;ypad; njhifahFk;. nghJ kf;fSf;F khdpa tpiyapy; kz;nzz;nza;
tpw;gid nra;jikahy; Vw;gl;l el;lk; &gh 1>540.43 kpy;ypad; njhifahdJld;
tpkhdq;fSf;fhd vhpnghUs; toq;fypdhy;; &gh 353.95 kpy;ypad; el;lKk;
Vw;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. Mz;bd; NghJ ngw;Nwhy; kw;Wk; Xl;Nlh Bry; tpw;gidahy;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F ,yhgk; Vw;gl;bUe;jJ. Fwpg;ghf kpd;rf;jp cUthf;fj;jpw;fhf
kpfTk; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy; tpiy eph;zapf;fg;gl;l #is vz;nza;apd; cs;Sh;
tpw;gid tpiy eph;zapf;fg;gl;likahy; Vw;gl;l el;lj;jij ,t; ,yhgk;
ghhpastpy; <Lnra;jpUe;jJ.
epjpr; nraw;ghL
$l;Lj;jhgdk; Mz;bd; NghJ &gh 11>353.224 kpy;ypad; njhifapdhy;
njhlh;e;J el;lj;ij mile;jpUe;jJ. cah; ry;gh; #is vz;nza; tpw;gid
kpd; cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy;fSf;fhf KiwNa ]y;;gh; Ngh;d]; vz;nza;
tpw;gidahy; Vw;gl;l el;lk; &gh 18>550.24 kpy;ypad; njhifahfTk; &gh
2>588.49 kpy;ypadhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. kz;nzz;nza; tpw;gidahy; &gh 1>540.43
kpy;ypad; njhifahd el;lk; Vw;gl;bUe;jJ. tpkhdq;fSf;fhd vhpnghUs;
tpw;gidapdhy; &gh 353.95 kpy;ypad; njhifahd el;lk; Vw;gl;bUe;jJ.
Nkw;Fwpj;j khdpa tpiyfspy; vhpnghUs; tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;likahy; ghhpa
,og;Gfs; Vw;gl;bUe;j NghjpYk; ngw;Nwhy; kw;Wk; Bry; tpw;gidahy; KiwNa
&gh 6>865.22 kpy;ypadhYk; &gh 2>159.173 kpy;ypadhYk; ,yhgk;
Vw;gl;bUe;jik gjpthfpapUe;jJ. Mf];l; Kjy; jpnrk;gh; tiuahd
fhyg;gFjpapd;NghJ 4>000 nkl;/ ehSf;F Fiwthd %yg; nghUs; cs;;sPL
,Ue;j NghjpYk; Vwj;jho &gh 3.1 kpy;ypad; nkhj;j el;lj;ij Miy gjpT
nra;jpUe;jJ.
kPsha;thz;bd; [dthp khj Muk;gj;jpypUe;J ,yq;if kpd;rhurig vz;nza;
gl;bay;fis jPh;j;Jitg;gjw;F cld;gl;bUe;j NghjpYk; mJ mt;thW
nra;ag;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. ,yq;if kpd;rhu rig cl;gl kw;Wk; murhq;f
jpizf;fsq;fspdhy; epYitahfj; jpuz;l fld;fs; ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F njhlUk; ghhpa gpur;ridahFk;. 2009 brk;gh; 31 ,y;
cs;sthwhd ,f;fld;fspd; &gh 52.50 gpy;ypad; $l;Lj;njhif MFk;.
13
kPsha;thz;bd; NghJ murhq;f tUkhdj;jpw;F $l;Lj;jhgdk; &gh 28.652
gpy;ypad; njhifahd Xh; ghhpa gq;fspg;ig Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jJ.
kPsha;Tf; fhyg;gFjpapd; NghJ> Mf;fg+h;tkhd ,wf;Fkjpfspd; jpl;lj;Jld;
njhlh;Ggl;l jpwikahd fsQ;rpa nraw;ghLfspD}lhf cs;ehl;Lf; Nfs;tpia
<LnfhLf;ff; $ba tifapy; $l;lj;jhgdk; mtrpakhd ,Ug;G kl;lq;fis
NgzpapUe;jJ.
ehl;bw;Fr; Nritahw;Wjy;
vkJ ,yf;fpd; gb> vkJ ehl;L kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; njhlh;e;J Neubg;
gq;fspg;igahw;Wtjw;Ff; flikg;gl;Ls;sJ. rh;tNjr re;ijapy; jsk;gy;fisf;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpdhy; cs;Sh; tpiyfis Fiwthfg;
Ngzf;$batifapy; mtrpakhd nraw;ghLfs; gpd;gw;wg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
,yq;if EfhN;thh;fSf;fhd cWjpahd rf;jptpiyfis NgZtjw;F cjTk;
tifapy; jdpahh; tY ,af;f ,ae;jpuq;fs; cl;gl rf;jp Jiwf;fhf ghhpa
fopTfis $l;Lj;jhgdk; toq;fpAs;sJ. muRlikahf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpahf>
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa $l;Lj;jhgd ,yq;if Gifapuj jpizf;fsj;jpw;Fk;
gilj;jug;gpdUf;Fk; ehl;bw;F jkJ flikfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F VJthf
cjtpaspg;gjw;F jilaw;w vhpnghUs; toq;fiy Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ. kdpj
Neag; Ngh; nraw;ghl;L eltbf;iffspy; gilj;jug;gpdh; <Lghl;bUe;j
re;jh;g;gj;jd; NghJ mth;fsJ mh;g;gzpg;gpw;;fhf ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; gq;fspg;G NGhw;Wjw;FhpajhFk;. ,jw;Fk; Nkyhf
$l;Lj;jhgdk; murhq;fj;jpd; “tlf;fpd; tre;jk;” “fpof;fpd; cjak;” epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;lq;fspy; gq;Nfw;W tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; epug;G ep;iyaq;fis
tpUj;jp nra;tjw;F Muk;gpj;jpUe;jJ.
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; kz;nzz;nzia khdpa tpiyapy;
toq;fp ViofSf;fhd kpd;rf;jpia njhlh;e;J toq;fpaJld;; ,jdhy; ,yq;if
ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F 2009 ,y; Vw;gl;l tUkhd ,og;G &h 1.540
kpy;ypad; njhifahFk;. ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk;> cs;shh;e;j
Mf;ff; fpua eyd;fs; rfytw;iwAk; Njrpa nghUshjhuj;jpw;F gq;fspf;Fk;
14
mNjNtis> ,aYkhd msT kpfr; rpwe;j cs;Sh; kpd;rf;jp tpiyf;
nfhs;ifia NgZtjw;F jpiwNrhpapd; mwpTWj;jypd; gb nraw;gLfpd;wJ.
$l;Lj;jhgdk; ,jd; gb nraw;gl;L gztPf;fj;jpd; jhf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J cs;ehl;L
tptrhapfisg; ghJfhf;Fk; tifapy; tptrha ,urhadk; njhlh;ghf Vw;ff;$ba
tpiyf; nfhs;ifia NgzptUfpd;wJ.
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk;> Xh; nghWg;G tha;e;j $l;likg;G
gpuirahf #oy; ghJfhg;gpw;F Fwpg;ghf ngw;Nwhypag; nghUl;fspd; ifahs;if
kw;Wk; gad;ghl;bd; Nghjhd #oy; khriljiyf; Fiwg;gjw;fhd
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ,dq;fz;Ls;sJ.
cyf Rw;whly; juj;jpw;F ,izahf> #is vz;nza; kw;Wk; Fiw
fe;jfj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; cw;gj;jpfis toq;Ftjw;F Rj;jpfhpg;gpid
etPdkag;gLj;Jtjw;fhd jpl;lq;fis ,J tFj;Js;sJ.
cghakhh;f;f Kd;Dhpikfs;
Rj;jpfhpg;G Miyapd; Mf;fg+h;tkhd> tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f nraw;ghL>
Mf;fg+h;tkhd ,lh; Kfhikj;Jt eilKiwfs; kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwdhd
nfhs;tdT mKyhf;fk;> flypYk; jiuapYkhd cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis
toq;fp Foha; khh;f;fq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf fsQ;rpa trjpfspd; cr;rg;
gad;ghLfs; vd;git vkJ cghakhh;f;f Kd;Dhpikfshf
,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sd.
tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa fsQ;rpag; ghpkhw;W epiyaj;Jld;
,ize;J> Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;F chpa fhyj;jpy; Jy;ypakhd jftiy toq;Fk;
Nehf;fpy;> Kaw;rp %ytsj;jpl;lk; (Enterprise Resorce Planning (ERP) nraw;jpl;lk;
xd;iw ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; Muk;gpj;jpUe;jJ. 2010 ,d; Kjd;
fhyhz;L fhyg;gFjpapy; ,k;Kaw;rp %ytsj; jpl;lKiwik Muk;gpg;gjw;F
jpl;lkpl;;Ls;sJ.
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgd vjph;fhy epiyg;ghl;bd; ghhpa rpf;fyhd
$whf vkJ eilKiw Rj;jpfhpg;G Miyapd; tphpthf;fw; nraw;jpl;lk;
jpfo;fpd;wJ. ,r;nraw;jpl;l mKyhf;fj;jpw;fhd epjp cjtpia ,d;Dk;
vjph;ghh;j;Js;sJ.
15
Gjpa re;ijfs;
vhpnghUs; tpahghuj;jpy; ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; ntw;wpfukhf
gpuNtrpj;J jdJ rpwe;j thbf;ifahsh; tiyaikg;gpD}lhf re;ijia
tphpthf;Fk; eilKiwapy; jw;NghJ cs;sJ. Mz;bd; NghJ cwg;gl;l &gh
6.17 kpy;ypad; njhifahd vy;iy ,og;gpw;F Nkyhf ,yhgfukhd re;ijg;
gq;F kw;Wk; fsQ;rpa tp];jhpg;gpd; fhuzkhf ,yhgk; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
$basT tptrhapfspw;Fr; rhjfkhd tpiy KiwikfisAk; KOikahd
Gtpapay; gphpitAk; cs;slf;Fk; tifapy; ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd tpw;gid epiyaq;fSk;
cUthf;fg;gl;likahy; vkJ fkey ,urhad tpahghuj;ij tp];jhpg;gjw;F
VJthf ,Ue;jJ. ,t;thz;bd;NghJ Iv];X rhd;wpjioAk; vkJ
nfhyhd;dhit ,ae;jpuj;jpw;F ngwKbe;jJ.
Gjpa ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa $l;Lj;jhgd jiyik mYtyff; fl;blk;
kPsha;thz;bk; Kd;ida Mz;bd; NghJ Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l &gh 2 gpy;ypad;
fpuaj;jpyhd jiyik mYtyff; fl;bl eph;khzj;ij epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhd
eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. ,r; nraw;jpl;lk; 2011 ,d; Kjw;fhyhz;by;
g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gLtjw;fhf vjpHghHf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
$l;likg;G MSif
$l;likg;G MSifia Nkk;gLj;Jk; vkJ Kaw;rpfspy; cs;sff; fzf;fha;Tj;
jpizf;fsj;jpy; cs;s vkJ epGzh;fs; cWjpahd cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghLfis
tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf njhlh;e;J nraw;gl;L nraw;ghl;L kw;Wk; epjp hPjpahd
ntspg;gilj; jd;ikia mjpfhpg;gjw;F cjTfpd;wdh;.
%d;W rig mq;fj;jth;fs; mlq;fpa Xh; fzf;fha;Tf; FO> cyfshtpa
juj;jpw;F ,izahd vkJ $l;likg;G MSifia cUthf;Ftjw;fhf
epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;.
16
$l;bize;j r%fg; nghWg;;G
vkJ gpuhjhd ftd <h;g;G $l;bize;j r%fg; nghWg;ghdJld; Efh;NthUf;F
,aYkhd tiuapy; kpff; Fiwe;jsT jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy; KO
ehl;bd; Njitg;ghLfisAk; vjph;nfhs;sj;jf;f tifapy; rfy Kaw;rpfSk;
vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Nkw;Fwpj;jthW “tlf;fpd; tre;jk;” kw;Wk; “fpof;fpd; cjak;”
epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fspd; fPo; $ba tpiuthf tpLtpf;fg;glhj gFjpfSf;Fk; $l
vhpnghUl;fis tpepNahfpj;J mg;gFjpapy; cs;s ghjpff;fg;gl;l kf;fspd;
thof;ifj; juj;ij cah;j;Jk Nehf;Fld; Muk;g eltbf;iffs;
vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ve;j fpuaj;jpYk; murhq;f epWtfq;fSf;F jilapd;wp
vhpnghUl;fis tpepNahfpjw;Fk; ehk; cWjpaspf;fpd;Nwhk;.
2009 Mk; Mz;bd; NghJ flikfs; kw;Wk; thpfshy; murhq;f epjpf;F &gh
28.652 gpy;ypad; njhifahd ghhpa njhifia ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf;
$l;Lj;jhgdk; gfph;e;jspj;Js;sJ.
cw;gj;jp
2009 Mk; Mz;bd; NghJ Rj;jpfhpg;G Miy 40 Mz;Lfisg; g+h;j;jp
nra;jpUe;jJld; 2>005>915 nkl;hpf; njhd; krF vz;nza;r; Rj;jpfhpg;gpw;fhf
2>170>000 nkl;hpf; njhd; krF vz;nza; cw;gj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjw;F
cs;sPh;f;fg;gLk; vd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
Mf];l; kw;Wk; brk;gH khj fhyg;gFjpapd; NghJ Rj;jpfhpg;gpd; ehshe;j Gus;T
4000 nkl;hpf; njhd;fSf;F Fiwf;fg;gl;bUe;j NghjpYk; ,t;thz;bd; NghJ
Rj;jpfhpg;G &gh 3.1 gpy;ypad; njhifahd nkhj;j el;lj;ij mile;jpUe;jJ.
krF vz;nza; kw;Wk; Rj;jpfhpg;G cw;gj;jpfspd; ,wf;Fkjp
$l;Lj;jhgdk; 1.931 kpy;ypad; nkl;hpf; njhd; krF vz;nza;ia 888.482
kpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyh; fpuaj;jpy; ,wf;Fkjp nra;jpUe;jJ. 2008 Mk;
Mz;bd; NghJ jyh xU gPg;ghtpw;fhd 97.65 mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fSld;
xg;gpLifapy; kPsha;thz;bw;fhd ruhrhp krF vz;nza; fg;gw; fl;lzk; 62.524
mnkhpf;f kpy;ypadhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. krF vz;nza; ,wf;Fkjpf;fhd fg;gw;
17
fl;lzq;fs; jyh xU nkl;hpf; njhd;dpw;F 10.82 nkl;hpf; njhd;fshf
,Ue;jJld; ,J 2008 Mk; Mz;bd; jyh xU nkl;hpf; njhd;dpw;fhd 13.77
mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fSld; xg;gplg;gl;ljhFk;. Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l njhFjp cw;gj;jp
,wf;Fkjpfs; 1.448 kpy;ypad; nkl;hpf; njhd;fshdJld; fpua kw;Wk; fg;gw;
ngWkjp 773.883 kpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fshff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa fsQ;rpa epiyaq;fshy; toq;fg;gLk;
Nritfs;
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgd kPsikg;Gld;> nfhnyhd;dhit kw;Wk;
ehnlq;fpYk; cs;s 12 gpuhe;jpa njhFjp bg;Nghf;fspdJk; fsQ;rpa kw;Wk;
nraw;ghLfs;> juT epuw;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; tpepNahf eltbf;iffSf;fhf
tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa fsQ;rpa epiyaj;Jld; fpukkhf ,Ug;G
kPsha;Tf; $l;lq;fs; elhj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
cyf re;ijapy; vz;nza; tpiyfs; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ ,Ug;Gfis
Njf;fp nghpa jhq;fpfis ,wf;Ftjw;fhf Kj;JuhInty jhq;fpg; gz;izapy;
nraw;ghl;L trjpfs; cs;sd. Fiwf;fg;gl;l ruf;fpd; topahf xU fg;gy;
Vw;Wkjpf;F (Vwj;jho) &gh 30 kpy;;ypad; Nrkpf;Fk; tifapy; Foha;
topfisAk; ,wq;F jpir nryTfisAk; Nrkpf;ff;$bajhf cs;sJ.
300 nkfhnthl; kpd; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; nfuntygpl;ba kpd;cw;gj;jp
epiyaj;jpw;F vhpnghUs; toq;fg;gLtjw;F Foha; topkhh;f;fj;ij
];jhgpg;gjw;fhf XH nraw;jpl;lk; ,t;thz;bd; NghJ Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.
nraw;ghl;Lj; jpwid Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;fhf CPSTL nfhnyhd;dhit kw;Wk;
Kj;JuhInty fsQ;rpaj; jhq;fpfis ,izf;Fk; Foha; topia
mikg;gjw;fhd XH Gjpa nraw;jpl;lk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl cs;sJ.
18
tUkhdk;
$l;Lj;jhgdkhdJ ehl;bd; 77% ngw;Nwhy;> 85% Bry; kw;Wk; 100%
kz;nzz;nza; tpw;gidfSf;Fg; nghWg;GilajhFk;. Mz;bw;fhd tUkhdk;
&gh 257.508 gpy;ypadhd mNjNtis Kd;ida Mz;bd; tUkhdk; &gh
358.002 gpy;ypad; njhifahff; fhzg;gl;lJ. tpw;gid mstpy; mjpfhpg;Gk;
tpw;gid Gus;tpy; FiwTNk ,jw;fhd gpujhd fhuzkhFk;. tpw;gidg;Gus;tpd;
Fiwtpw;Fg; gq;fspf;Fk; gpujhd gq;fspg;G fhuzpfshf Mz;bd; NghJ Bry;>
ngw;Nwhy;> kz;nzz;nza; kw;Wk; Miy vz;nza; Nghd;w vhpnghUs;
tpiyfspd; tPo;r;rpia Fwpg;gplyhk;. rfy ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfspYk;
ntspf;fhl;lg;glf; $ba tifapy; Nfs;tp mjpfhpg;G my;yJ Fiwit Fwpg;gpl
KbahJs;sJ.
tptrha ,urhadg; nghUl;fs;
tptrhapfshYk; Njhl;l gaph;r;nra;if gFjpapduhYk; cgNahfpf;fg;gLk;
tptrha ,urhadg; nghUl;fSf;F epaha tpiyfisg; guhkhpf;Fk; mjd;
tpiyf; nfhs;ifapid ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; njhlh;fpd;wJ.
mt;tpjkhf cw;gj;jp nryit Fiwg;gjpy; gaDs;s gq;fspg;igr; nra;J mjd;
%yk; KOikahf tptrhaj;ij Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wJ.
jw;Nghija “rpngw;Nfh” tptrha ,urhadg; nghUs; thpirapy; 5
fisehrpdpfs; 4 fpUkpehrpdpfs; kw;Wk; 5 g+r;rpnfhy;ypfs; mlq;fpapUf;fpd;wd.
vjph;fhyj;jpy; NtW tptrha mbg;gilapyhd gFjpfisAk; ,izj;Jf;
nfhs;Sk; tifapy; vkJ cw;gj;jp thpiria tp];jhpg;gjw;fhf jPtpu
ghprPyidfs; eilngw;WtUfpd;wd.
kdpjts mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; eyd;Ghp
2009 Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; Copah;fspd; gilazp epue;ju Mszpapy; 2682
Mf ,Ue;jJld; mika mbg;gilapyhd Mszp 197 Mff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
$l;Lj;jhgdk; jdJ Copah;fSf;Fk; mth;fsJ FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk; itj;jpa
cjtpj; jpl;lk; xd;iw toq;fpAs;sJ. ,J $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; rpf;fd
rq;fj;jpdhy; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. CopaHfSf;Fr; Nrit nra;Ak;
19
nghUl;L $l;Lj;jhgdk; ,U itj;jpa mjpfhhpfis KO Neu mbg;gilapy;
gzpapy; mkh;j;jpAs;sJ. kPsha;thz;bd; NghJ &gh 30 kpy;ypad; njhiff;F
itj;jpa guhkhpg;Gr; nryTfisAk; cs;sf rpfpf;ir nryTfisAk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jJld; ntspthhp itj;jpa rpfpr;irfSf;fhf rfy
cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSf;Fk; khjhe;jg; gbg;gzkhf &gh 250 njhifAk;
nrYj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ.
gzpf;nfhil mjpfhur; rl;lj;jpd; %yk; xt;nthU Nritf; fhyj;jpw;fhf miu
khjf; nfhLg;gdtpw;Fr; rkkhd Xh; gzpf;nfhilAk; rpf;fdr;rq;f epjpapy;
,Ue;J Nkyjpf Xa;t+jpaKk;> ,wg;G eyd;;fSk;; nrYj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ.
tpisahl;L eltbf;iffis Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf;
$l;Lj;jhgdk; Copah;fSf;fhd tpisahl;Lf; fofq;fSf;F epjp cjtpfis
toq;fpapUe;jJ. Copah;fs; kw;Wk; mth;fsJ FLk;gj;jtHfspd; gad;ghl;bw;fhf
gpuj;jpNafkhf ntspkhtl;lq;fspy; ehd;F tpLKiw ,y;yq;fis $l;Lj;jhgdk;
NgzptUfpd;wJ. Copah;fspd; gy Njitg;ghLfisg; g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf
rYif tl;b tPjq;fspy; gy fld; trjpfs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. cs;ShpYk;
ntspehLfspYk; Copah;fspd; gapw;rpf;fhf ehk; epjpaq;fis xJf;fpAs;Nshk;.
Copah;fspd; njhopy;GhpAk; #oypd; juj;ij cah;j;Jtjw;fhf mth;fsJ
nkhopfisAk; fzdp mwpitAk; Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;fhf epjp xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
fPo;f;fhZk; tifapy; jpUg;jpfukhf jkJ Nritfisg; g+h;j;jp nra;Ak;
Copah;fSf;F xU njhif toq;Fk; toik cs;sJ.
20 tUlq;fs; - &gh 10>000
25 tUlq;fs; - jq;f ehzak;
30 tUlq;fs; - &gh 20>000
35 tUlq;fs; - &gh 25>000
40 tUlq;fs; - &gh 40>000
20
#oy; ghJfhg;G
ngw;Nwhypag; nghUl;fspd; re;ij Kd;NdhbahfTk;> ehl;bd; xNu cs;Sh;
Rj;jpfhpg;G epiyaj;jpd; chpikahsh; vd;w tifapYk; ,Ug;gjpdhy;> #oy;
khRgLtijf; Fiwf;Fk; jdJ flg;ghl;il KOikahfg; ghJfhg;gjpy; fhprid
nfhz;Ls;sJ. cyf #oy; juj;jpw;F Vw;g Fiwe;j fe;jf Briy cw;gj;jp
nra;Ak; nghUl;L Rj;jpfhpg;gpy; xU etPdkakhf;fw; nraw;jpl;lj;ij
jpl;lkpLfpwJ.
2010 Mz;bd; vjpHfhy vjpHghHg;Gfs;
vjph;tUk; Mz;bd; NghJ vhpnghUSf;fhd Nfs;tp mjpfhpg;gpid
vjpHghHg;gJld; Fwpg;ghf gaq;futhjj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpLtpf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspd;
Nfs;tp kpd;cw;gj;jpf;Fk; ehl;bd; Nghf;Ftuj;J Njitg;ghL caHtiltjdhy;
Vw;gLk; Mz;bw;fhd vhpnghUSf;fhd Nfs;tpj; Njitg;ghLk;
vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
ed;wp njhpg;G
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; gzpg;ghsh; rigapd; rhh;gpy;>
,f;fhyg;gFjpapd; NghJ rfy rthy;fisAk; vjph;nfhs;tjw;F vd;NdhL Jiz
epd;w ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgd gjtpazpapd; rfy
mq;fj;jth;fSf;Fk; ehd; $w tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. nfsut ngw;Nwhypa kw;Wk;
ngw;Nwhypa tsq;fs; mikr;rh; kw;Wk; mtuJ mjpfhhpfs;> jpiwNrhp> kj;jpa
tq;fp> vkJ tpahghu gq;fhspfs; kw;Wk; thbf;ifahsh;fs; MfpNahUf;Fk;
mth;fsJ xj;Jiog;gpw;Fk; Mjutpw;Fk; ed;wpia ehd; njhptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwd;.
Nk[h; n[duy; mNrhf;f njhunjdpa a+v];gP
jiyth;; & Kfhikg; gzpg;ghsh;
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa $l;Lj;jhgdk;.
21
ngWkjp Nrh;f;fg;gl;l $w;W
2009 2008
&gh
kpy;ypad;
&gh
kpy;ypad;
tpw;gid 257,508.00 358,551.00
%yg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfshf
nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gl;lit
(212,680.00) (335,551.00)
ngWkjp NrHf;fg;gl;lit 44,828.00 22,451.00
fPo;fhZk; topapy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;lJ
Copah;fSf;F nrYj;Jjw;fhf
Ntjdq;fs; kw;Wk; rpW eyd;fs;;
2,301.00 2,237.00
%yjd toq;fpath;fSf;Fr;
nrYj;Jjw;fhf
fld;fSf;fhd tl;b 4,741.00 3,163.00
nrhj;Jf;fspd; guhkhpg;G kw;;Wk;
tp];jhpg;gpw;fhd Vw;ghL
355.00 366.00
ngWkhdj;Nja;T (11,664.00) (15,029.00)
gfpug;glhj ,yhgk;
murhq;fj;jpw;Fr; nrYj;Jtjw;fhd
thpfs;> jPh;itfs; Kj;;jpiu thp kw;Wk;
nghJ jpiwNrhpf;fhd gq;fspg;G
49,096.00 31,714.00
ngWkjp NrHf;fg;gl;lit 44,828.00 22,451.00
22
Kf;;fpakhdit
epjphPjpahdit myF 2009 2008 nkhj;j tUkhdk; &gh kpy; 237,662.619 341,670.329 nkhj;j ,yhgk; &gh kpy; 4,121.631 3,393.103
nraw;ghl;L ,yhgk; /(el;lk;) &gh kpy; 5,307.769 3,156.610 epjpf; fl;lzq;fs; &gh kpy; 4,740.664 3,163.204
thpf;F Kd;ida ,yhgk; &gh kpy; ( 11,353.224) (14,735.028)
thpf;Fg; gpd;duhd Njwpa ,yhgk; &gh kpy; (11,566.957) (14,952.518)
%yjdk; kw;Wk; xJf;fq;fs;; &gh kpy; (13,038.049) (1,416.432)
ePz;lfhy fld;ngWtdTfs; &gh kpy; 32,779.059 10,908.413
%yjdr; nrytpdk; &gh kpy; 270.642 468.128
,wf;Fkjpfs; krF vz;nza; nkw;. njhd;fs; 1,928,655 1,846,453 Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l ,Ug;G nkw;. njhd;fs; 1,449.969 1,625,720 fpua kw;Wk; epWj;jpitj;jw; ngWkjp &gh kpy; 189,848.570 144,505.386 nraw;ghLfs; tpw;gidfs; nkw;. njhd;fs; 4,208.348 3,459,619 Rj;jpfhpg;G cs;sPL nkw;. njhd;fs; 1,894.910 1,766,787 re;ijg;gLj;jy;
rPgPrP ,w;Fr; nrhe;jkhd tpepNahf epiyaq;fspy;
252 253
tpepNahfj;jHfsplk; cs;s tpepNahf epiyaq;fspy;
712 686
tpepNahfj;jHfspdhy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk; tpepNahf epiyaq;fspy;
48 48
Copah;fs; tUl ,Wjpapy; cs;s Copah;fspd; vz;zpf;if
2,792 2,832
Mz;bw;fhd nkhj;j Cjpak; &gh kpy; 2,055.826 1,880.570 jyh xU CopaUf;Fr; NrHf;fg;gl;l ngWkjp
&gh 726,327 664.043
23
$l;bizg;G MSif
$l;bizg;G MSif
vhpnghUspd; ghhpa toq;FduhfTk; ,yq;ifg; nghUshjhu ,ilj; jahhpg;Gg;
nghUl; fhuzpahfTk; ,yq;ifg; ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; ehl;bd; rfy
jdpahl;fspd; tho;f;iff;Fk; epWtfq;fspw;Fk; jhf;fkspf;fpd;wJ. eyd;ngWdh;
FOtpidf; fUj;jpw;nfhs;ifapy;> $l;L MSifapy; ek;gpf;ifnfhz;L>
gzpg;ghsh; rig cWjpahd ek;gpf;ifAld; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F Kad;W>
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; nraw;ghLfspd; cah; juj;jpidg; NgZk; tifapy; MSif
eilKiwfisj; jpUj;jpaikf;fpd;wJ. ntspg;gilj; jd;ik> ntspg;gLj;jy;
kw;Wk; fzf;fspg;G njhlh;ghf mjd; nghWg;Gfis ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;F
$l;bizg;G MSif cWjpahf Jiz epw;fpd;wJ vd;gJ rigapd;
ek;gpf;ifahFk;. NkYk;> $l;bizg;G MSifapd; cWjpg;gLj;jy; Xh; njhlh;
eltbf;if vDk; Nehf;fpy; mth;fs; cs;sdh;. ,g;gphpthdJ mikg;G>
eilKiwfs; kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; $l;bizg;G gbKiwfs;
gw;wp tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.
gzpg;ghsH rig
gzpg;ghsH rig VO mq;fj;jtHfisf; nfhz;ljhFk;. ,jpy; jiytH
cs;slq;fyhf rfyUk; 1961 ,d; 28 Mk; ,yf;f ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf
$l;Lj;jhgd mjpfhur;rl;lk; kw;Wk; mjd; jpUj;jq;fspd; gpufhuk; ngw;Nwhypa
kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhypa ts mgptpUj;jp mikr;ruhy; epakpf;fg;gLfpd;wdH.
mj;jifa xU gzpg;ghsh; jpiwNrhp (epjp mikr;rpd;) gpujpepjp Mthh;.
Kfhikj;Jtg; gzpg;ghsuhd jiyth; jtph;e;j rfy gzpg;ghsh;fSk;
epiwNtw;Wj; jukw;w gzpg;ghsh;fshth;.
kPs; epakdj;jpw;F mika> gzpg;ghsh;fs; rigapy; %d;W Mz;LfSf;F
Nkw;glhj gjtpf; fhyj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUg;gh;. jPh;khdq;fs;
vLf;ifapy; $l;bizg;G Kfhikj;Jtj;jplk; ,Ue;J chpa jftiyg; ngw;W
Njitg;gbd; ntspj; njhopw;Jiwapdhplk; ,Ue;Jk; jftiyg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;thh;fs;.
24
$l;Lj;jhgdk; eph;tfpf;Fk; epajpr; rl;lj; Njitg;ghLfSf;F mikthf
gzpg;ghsh; rig $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; tpahghu eltbf;iffis elhj;Jtjw;F
nghWg;GilajhFk;. mth;fs; tUlhe;j fzf;Ffs;> tUlhe;j ghjPL>
$l;likg;Gj; jpl;lk; vd;gtw;wpw;fhd mq;fPfhuj;ij toq;Ftjw;Fk; epjpr;
nraw;ghl;L kPsha;it fpukkhd Kiwapy; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk; mth;fs;
nghWg;Gilath;fshtH. rigapd; Nkw;ghh;itapy; mbg;gilg; gjtp epakdq;fs;>
gjtpazpapdhpd;; gjtp cah;Tfs;> ghhpa %yjdr; nrytpd KjyPL kw;Wk;
fld;fs; njhlh;ghd mq;fPfhuk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
rigf; $l;lq;fs;
rigf; $l;lq;fs; fpukkhf khjhe;jk; elhj;jg;gLtJld; tpNrl rigf;
$l;lq;fs; Njitg;gLk; Ntisapy; $l;lg;gLfpd;wd. rpNu\;l
Kfhikahsh;fSk; miof;fg;gLk; Ntisfspy; $l;lq;fspy; fye;J nfhs;th;.
rigf; $l;lq;fs; xOq;F Kiwahd epfo;r;rp epuYf;F mika
elhj;jg;gLtJld; $l;lq;fSf;F Kd;dh; $l;bizg;G Kfhikj;Jtj;jpdhy;
chpa ntspg;Gwj; jfty;fs; gzpg;ghsh;fSf;F toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.
kPsha;thz;bd; NghJ gjpdhW rigf; $l;lq;fs; $lg;gl;bUe;jJld; ,f;
$l;lq;fs; midj;jpYk; midtUk; tUifje;jpUe;jdH.
,zf;fg;ghLk; ntspg;gilj; jd;ikAk;
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; mjd; rfy nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspYk;
ntspg;gilj; jd;ikiag; NgZtjw;F flikg;gl;Ls;sJ. $l;Lj;jhgdk;
fzf;fspg;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,yq;if fzf;fPl;L epakq;fs; kw;Wk;
chpa gpukhzq;fSf;F ,zq;Fk; tifapy; nraw;gLfpd;wJ. $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;
ehshe;j nraw;ghLfSld; cs;sf ,zf;fr; nraw;ghLfs;/ cWjpg;ghLfs;
xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. epjp mjpfhur; rl;lk; kw;Wk; $l;Lj;jhgd mjpfhur;
rl;lj;jpd; gpufhuk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; tUlhe;jk; gpuRhpf;fg;gl;L ghuSkd;wj;jpy;
rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. epjp mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpw;F ,zq;Fk; tifapy;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Gwf; fzf;fha;tpid fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik mjpgjp
Nkw;nfhs;fpd;whh;.
25
fzf;fha;Tf; FO
Mz;bd; NghJ fzf;fha;Tf; FO Ie;J $l;lq;fisf; $l;bapUe;jJld; ,f;
$l;lj;jpd; NghJ epjpf;$w;Wf;fspd; kPsha;T> fzf;fha;thsH jiyik
mjpgjpapdhy; rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;l mwpf;ifAld; njhlHghd fye;Jiuahly;fs;>
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; gy;NtW gphpTfspd; nraw;ghLfspd; kjpg;gPL>
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; cghakhHf;fg; gpur;ridfs; njhlHghd fye;Jiuahly;fs;
kw;Wk; Vida tplaq;fspw;fpilNa ,Ug;Gfs;; kw;Wk; ghpkhw;W epiyaq;fspd;
nraw;ghLfs; njhlHgpyhd gpur;ridfs; njhlHghd fye;Jiuahly;fSk;
,lk;ngw;wd. 2009 ,d; ,Wjpf; fhyg;gFjp tiu fzf;fha;Tf; FOj; jiytuhf
jpiwNrhpiag; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpa jpU. uh[fUz mth;fs; Xa;Tngw;wij
mLj;J jpU. Nkj;rpwp tpN[FztHjd mtHfs; fzf;fha;Tf; FOtpd;
jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shH.
fzf;fha;Tf; FO %d;W epiwNtw;Wj; jukw;w gzpg;ghsh;fisf;
nfhz;Ls;sJld; mtHfs; FO mq;fj;jtHfshfr; nraw;gl;ldH. cs;sff;
fzf;fha;T KfhikahsH fzf;fha;Tf; FOtpd; nrayhsuhfr;
nraw;gLtJld; FO fz;fhzpg;ghsHfshf fzf;fha;thsH jiyik mjpgjp
gphptpd; fzf;fha;T mj;jpal;rfUk; Gwf; fzf;fha;thsh;fSk; gq;Nfw;fpd;wdH.
FOtpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ghpe;Jiufs; gzpg;ghH rigf;fhf
rkHg;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
Kfhikj;Jtf; FO
Kfhikj;Jtf; FOthdJ nraw;ghl;Lg; gFjpfs; njhlh;ghf Fwpg;ghf
eilKiwg; gpur;ridfs; gw;wp khjj;jpw;F xU Kiw $b fye;JiuahLfpd;wJ.
,f;FO ,U gzpg;ghsh;fshy; jiyik jhq;fg;gl;L mth;fs; FOj;
jiytUf;F cjtpaspf;fpd;wdh;. ,f;FOtpy; gpur;ridfs; tpgukhf Muhag;gl;L
vLf;fg;gLk; jPh;khdq;fs; ,Wjp mq;fPfhuj;jpw;fhf gzpg;ghsh; rigf;F
Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
epjpj; jfty;fspd; ntspg;gLj;jy;fs;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; nraw;ghLfis cz;ikahfTk; epahakhfTk; ntspg;gLj;Jk;;
tpjj;jpy; epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gLtjw;F gzpg;ghsh; rig
26
nghWg;GilajhFk;. ,e; epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; ,yq;if fzf;fPl;L epakq;fs;> epjp
mjpfhur;rl;lk; kw;Wk; $l;Lj;jhgd mjpfhur;rl;lj; Njitg;ghLfspd; gpufhuk;
jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;ssd.
cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghLfs;
cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghLfspy; Xh; jhf;fkhd Kiwikiag; Ngzp mjd;
tpidj;jpwdhd jd;ikia kPshAk; nghWg;G gzpg;ghsh; rigf;F chpajhFk;.
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; nrhj;Jf;;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F Kiwahd gjpNtLfs;
Ngzg;gLtjid cWjpg;gLj;jp ek;gfukhd jftiy toq;Ftjw;F ,k;Kiwik
Kidfpd;wJ. ,g; nghWg;ghdJ epjp> nraw;ghL kw;Wk; ,zf;ff; fl;Lg;ghLfs;
kw;Wk; ,lh; Kfhikj;Jtk; cs;slq;fyhd rfy tifahd fl;Lg;ghLfisAk;
cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. epahakhd fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ve;jtpjkhd
cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwikapd; %yKk; jtWfs; kw;Wk; KiwNfLfs;
njhlHghd jpl;ltl;lkhd fz;Lgpbg;G cWjpg;gLj;jy; my;yhj epahaj;
jd;ikia khj;jpuNk cWjpg;gLj;j KbAk; vd;gjid Kf;fpakhf
Fwpg;gplNtz;Lk;.
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; cs;sff; fzf;fha;Tj; jpizf;fsk; Nghjpa fl;Lg;ghl;L
Kiwikfis cWjpg;gLj;jp Kd;Ndw;wq;fSf;fhf fpukkhd gupe;Jiufis
toq;Ftjw;Fg; nghWg;GilajhFk;.
cs;sff; fzf;fha;T
cs;sff; fzf;fha;thdJ mjd; nghWg;Gf;fis ntspg;gLj;Jifapy; gpd;tUk;
Fwpf;Nfhs;fspy; ftdk; nrYj;jpAs;sJ.
01 epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; epajpr;rl;lj; Njitg;ghLfSf;F fl;Lg;gl;Lk;> ,zq;Fk;
tifapYk;> KOikahfTk; cs;sd vd;gjid cWjpnra;jy;.
02 ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l jfty;fs; Ghpe;Jnfhs;sf;$ba tifapYk; ,zq;Fk;
tifapk; cs;sd vd;gjid cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Mz;lwpf;ifapd; Vida
gFjpfs; kPsha;T nra;jy;.
03 ,lh; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd; nraw;ghLfis Nkw;ghh;it nra;jy;.
27
04 Nghjpa cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwikfs; KiwahfTk;
Mf;fg+h;tkhfTk; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; tifapy; nfhs;ifisAk;
eilKiwfisAk; Nkw;ghh;it nra;jy;.
05 epjpf;$w;Wf;fis kPsha;T nra;J Gwf;fzf;fha;thsh;fspdhy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ghpe;JiufSf;F rhpahd Neuj;jpy; Kfhikj;Jtk;
gjpyspg;gjid cWjpg;gLj;jy;.
06 gzpg;ghsHrigahy; xg;gilf;fg;gl;l Vida gzpfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
07 cs;sff; fzf;fha;Tg; gphptpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; nraw;ghLfs; gw;wp
fzf;fha;Tf; FOtpw;Fk; gzpg;ghsH rigf;Fk; mwptpj;J chpa
ghpe;Jiufis Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
kPsha;thz;bd; NghJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l eltbf;iffspd; nghopg;G.
01. 2009 ,y; fzf;fha;T nra;ag;gl;l epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; njhlHghf
fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik mjpgjpapdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l mwpf;iffs;
njhlHghf kPsha;T elhj;jy;.
02. epjpf; fl;Lg;ghLfspd; Mf;fg+h;tkhd jd;ik Fwpj;J epahakhd
cWjpg;ghl;ilg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F VJthd tifapy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sjh vd;gjid kPsha;T nra;jy;.
03. fzf;fha;Tf; FOtpdhy; fzf;Ffs; jahhpf;fg;gLifapy; fzf;fPl;L
epakq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida chpa tpjpfs; kw;Wk; gpukhzq;fspd;
,zq;fg;ghL njhlHghd ftdk; vLf;fg;gly;.
04. fzf;fha;Tf; FO Gwf; fzf;fha;thsh;fSld; epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; kw;Wk;
Vida nraw;ghl;L eltbf;iffs; njhlHgpy; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;s
eypTfs; njhlHghf fye;Jiuahb mtw;iw jpUj;jpf;nfhs;tjw;F
vLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba eilKiwfs; njhlHghf Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd;
ftdj;ij <Hg;gjw;F nraw;gly;;.
28
05. fzf;fha;Tf; FOtpdhy; cs;sff; fzf;fha;Tg; gphptpdhy; toq;fg;gLk;
mwpf;iffs; kPsha;T nra;ag;gl;L mjpy; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;s
ghpe;Jiufisr; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf epiwNtw;W
Kfhikahsh;fSnrhf;F mwptpj;jy;. (nrhj;Jf;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf)
fPNo Fwpg;gplg;gl;l $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpid mOj;;Jk; gpur;ridfis
vjph;nfhs;tjw;F kPsha;Tf; fhyg;gFjpapd;NghJ> FO cgFOf;fis
epakpj;jpUe;jJ
1. epjp mwpf;ifaply; cgFO> epjpf; $w;Wf;fs; njhlh;ghf mwptpf;fg;gl;l
rfy tplaq;fSf;Fk; chpj;jhd eltbf;iffis vLf;fTk;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F chpj;jhd fhzpfspd; gjpNtL xd;iwj;
jahhpggjw;Fk; mjw;F chpj;jhd tplakhFk;.
2. epjp mwpf;ifaply; FO cs;sff; fzf;fha;T Kfhikahsuhy;
rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;l mwpf;ifia kPsha;T nra;J $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; vhpnghUs;
,Ug;G njhlHghf cs;s vr;rhpf;if epiyia Kfhikj;Jtk; Jiwapy;
Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf vLf;f Ntz;ba eilKiwfisg; ghpe;Jiu
nra;J nraw;gLj;jy;.
jpiwNrhpAldhd njhlh;G
$l;Lj;jhgdk; kj;jpa tq;fpAlDk; jpiwNrhpAlDk; Xh; neUf;fkhd gpizg;ig
Vw;gLj;jp $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; jpiwNrhpr; nraw;ghLfis Kfhikj;Jt
nra;ifapy; mth;fsJ MNyhridfisAk; ngWfpd;wJ. $l;Lj;jhgdk; ghhpa
tp];jhpg;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; fld; ngWtdTfSf;fhf
MNyhridfisAk; topelj;jy;fisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wJ.
29
epjpf; $w;Wf;fs;
tUkhdf;$w;W
Ie;njhif
%yjd khw;wf; $w;W
fhRg;gha;r;rw; $w;W
fzf;fPl;Lf; nfhs;iffs;
fzf;Ffspd; Fwpg;Gfs;
30
tUkhdf;$w;Wf;fs ;
tUkhdf; $w;W
2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ
Fwpg;G 2009 2008
&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.
tUkhdk; 1 237,662.619 341,670.329
tpw;gidf; fpuak; (233,540.920) (338,513.719)
nkhj;j ,yhgk; 4,121.700 3,156.610
Vida nraw;ghl;L tUkhdk; 2 1,186.069 236.493
0.000 (1,321.572)
tpw;gid tpepNahfr; nrytpdk; (10,421.438) (10,516.235)
eph;thf nrytpdk; (2,602.887) (3,961.367)
epjpr; nrytpdk; 3.1 (4,740.663) (3,163.204)
epjp tUkhdk; 3.2 1,103.995 834.247
thp Kd;ida ,yhgk; /(el;lk;)
tUkhd thpr; nrytpdq;fs; 4 (11,353.224) (14,735.028)
Mz;bw;fhd ,yhgk; /(el;lk;) 5 (213.733) (217.490)
(11,566.957) (14,952.518)
31
Ie;njhif
2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; cs;sthwhdJ
Fwpg;Gfs; 2009 2008
&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.
nrhj;Jf;fs;
eilKiway;yhr; nrhj;Jf;fs;
Mjdq;fs;> nghwpj; njhFjp kw;Wk;cgfuzq;fs; 1 5,041.139 4,624.068
$l;Lr; Nrh;e;j fk;gdpfspyhd KjyPLfs; 7.1 2,500.000 2,500.000
NtW KjyPLfs; 7.2 41.876 41.876
tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida ngwNtz;baitfs; - (xU tUlj;jpw;F Nkyhdit)
8 4,201.682 4,788.333
gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thpr; nrhj;Jf;fs; 5 689.623 689.623
12,474.320 12,643.900
eilKiwr; nrhj;Jf;fs;
,Ug;G 9 25,568.277 31,537.495
tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida ngwNtz;baitfs; - (xU tUlj;jpw;F cl;gl;lit)
8 77,232.517 66,962.369
tUkhd thp 106,369 243.672
ifapYs;s fhRk; tq;fpapy; cs;s fhRk; 10 31,762.640 9,244.432
nkhj;j nrhj;Jf;fs; 147,144.123 120.631.868
32
%yjdk; kw;Wk; xJf;fq;fs;
gq;fspf;fg;gl;l %yjdk; 11 1,000.000 1,000.000
%yjd xJf;fk; 12 4,992.686 4,992.686
kPs; kjpg;gPl;L xJf;fk; 13 25.696 25.696
fhg;GWjp xJf;fk; 14 610.198 567.814
gpbj;Jitj;j ,yhgk; (19,866.628) (8,002.628)
nkhj;j %yjdk; (13,038.048) (1,416.432)
eilKiway;yhg; nghWg;Gfs;
Xa;Tf;fhy eyd; nghWg;G 15 735.165 566.542
ePz;lfhy fld; tl;b 16 32,779.059 10,908.413
33,514.224 11,474.955
eilKiwg; nghWg;Gfs;
tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida nrYj;jg;glNtz;bait 17 120,421.143 63,802.285
tUkhd thpg; nghWg;Gfs;
tl;b nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba fld;fs; (Mz;bd;
NghJ)
18 6,076.113 46,697.413
thp Vw;ghL 170.691 73.647
%yjdk; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gfspd; nkhj;jk; 126,667.947 110,631. 868
147,144.123 120,631.868
B.vr;.v];[atHjd Mh;.hp.V.jhgNu MH.v];.Re;juypq;fk;
jiyth;; / Kfhikg; gzpg;ghsh; epjp Kfhikhahsh; gjpy;. Nkyjpf epjp KfhikahsH
33
%yjd khw;wf; $w;W
2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ
gq;fspf;fg;gl;l
%yjdk;
%yjd xJf;fk;
kPs;kjpg;G xJf;fk;
fhg;GWjp xJf;fk;
jpuz;l ,yhgk;/el;lk;
&gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy;
2006 [dthp 1 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 1000.000 4,992.686 25.696 482.210 6,172.863
2006.01.01 ,w;F Kd;dH fle;j fhy
jpUj;jk;
(m) 2004 ,y; rpf;fdr; rq;fj;jpw;F
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l kpif Vw;ghl;bd;
kPs;gjpT 100.000
(M) VrPhP mwtplg;glhikf;fhd Vw;ghL (376.000)
(,) gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thpapd; ,dq;fhzy; (109.380)
2006 [dthp 1 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 1000.000 4,992.686 25.696 482.210 5,787.483
2006 fzf;fhz;bw;fhdit
(c) 2006 fzf;fPl;Lf;fhyg;gFjpapf;fhd
epjpf; fpua rPuhf;fk;
(82,416)
(C) 2003.09.30 Kjy; 2005.09.30 tiuahd
fzf;fPl;Lf; fhyg;gFjpAld; njhlHghd
tpw;gid Gus;T thpapd; epYitf;fhd Vw;ghL
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;buhikf;fhd rPuhf;fk;
(158.803)
gpNuhpf;fg;gl;l gq;fpyhgk; (54.568)
Mz;bd; Nghjhd kpif 19.878
fhyg;gFjpf;fhd Njwpa el;lk; (946.220)
2006 [dthp 1 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 1000.000 4992.686 25.696 502.088 4,545.476
2007 fzf;fhz;bw;fhdit
34
Mz;bd; Nghjhd kpif 20.991
fhyg;gFjpf;fhd njwpa ,yhgk; 2,862.337
gpNuhpf;fg;gl;l gq;fpyhgk; (381.464)
2007 [dthp 1 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 1000.000 4992.686 25.696 523.079 7,026.349
2008 fzf;fhz;bw;fhdit
Mz;bd; Nghjhd kpif 44.735
fhyg;gFjpf;fhd Njwpa el;lk; (14,952.518)
gpNuhpf;fg;gl;l gq;fpyhgk; (76.459)
2008 brk;gH 31 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 1000.000 4992.686 25.696 567.814 (8,002.628)
2009 fzf;fhz;bw;fhdit
Mz;bd; Nghjhd kpif 42.384
fhyg;gFjpf;fhd Njwpa el;lk; (11,566.957)
gpNuhpf;fg;gl;l gq;fpyhgk; (97.044)
2008 brk;gH 31 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 1000.000 4,992.686 25.696 610.198 (19,666.629)
35
fhRg;gha;r;rw; $w;W
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk;
2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhd fhRg;gha;r;rw; $w;W
2009 2008
&gh kpy;.
&gh kpy;.
nraw;ghl;L eltbf;iffspypUe;jhd/ (gad;gLj;jg;gl;l)
fhRg;gha;r;ry;;
thpf;F Kd;duhd nraw;ghl;L ,yhgk;/ (el;lk;) (11,353.224) (14,735.028)
rPuhf;fq;fSf;fhf :
ngWkhdj;Nja;T 355.465 366.722
ntspehl;L ehzakhw;W 443.355 (1,013.785)
KjyPl;L tUkhdk; (0.001) (0.111)
ngwg;gl;l tl;b (438.287) (654.726)
fhg;GWjp xJf;fj;jpw;fhd Vw;ghL 42.384 44.755
efuhj fsQ;rpag;nghUl;fSf;fhd Vw;ghL 27.535 (18.181)
mwtplKbahj kw;Wk; Iaf;fld;fSf;fhd Vw;ghL (367.536) (16.152)
tl;b nryTfs; 4,740.663 3,163.204
gq;Ffspd; kjpg;gPl;bw;fhd rPuhf;fk; - 5.000
Xa;Tf;fhy eyd;nghWg;gpw;fhd Vw;ghL 191.036 47.226
Mjd> nghwpj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuz tpw;gidapyhd (,yhgk;)/
el;lk ; (8.669) (1. 908)
njhopw;gL %yjd khw;wq;fSf;;F Kd;duhd nraw;ghl;L ,yhgk;
/(el;lk;)
(6,367.278) (12,813.004)
36
njhopw;gL %yjd khw;wq;fs;
,Ug;Gf;fspd; (mjpfhpg;G)/ FiwT
5,941.683
8,673.831
tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida ngwNtz;baitfspyhd (mjpfhpg;G)/ FiwT
(9,315.962) (32,409.049)
tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida nrYj;j Ntz;baitfspyhd mjpfhpg;G/ (FiwT)
56,618.858 39,946.795
nraw;ghl;L eltbf;iffspy; ,Ue;J cUthd fhR 46,877.301 3,397.773
nrYj;jg;gl;l tl;b (4,740.663) (3,163.204)
nrYj;jg;gl;l Xa;T+jpag; gzpf;nfhil (22.413) (22.051)
thp nrYj;jg;gl;lJ (77.931) (1,440.125)
nraw;ghl;L eltbf;iffspy; ,Ue;J cUthd Njwpa fhR 42,036.294 (1,227,606)
KjyPl;L eltbf;iffspy; ,Ue;jhd fhRgha;r;ry;fs;
Mjd> nghwpj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuz nfhs;tdT (833.409) (630.130)
Mjd> nghwpj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuz tpw;gidapypUe;jhd tUkjpfs;
88.589 15.948
KjyPLfspypUe;jhd tUkhdk; 0.001 0.111
ngw;w tl;b 438.287 654.726
KjyPl;L eltbf;iffspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l Njwpa fhR (306.532) 40.605
epjp eltbf;iffspy; ,Ue;jhd fhRg;gha;r;ry;fs;
ePz;l fhy fld;fspd; kPs;nfhLg;gdT (21,538.358) (1,001.410)
epjp eltbf;iffspy; ,Ue;jhd Njwpa fhR (21,538.358) (1,001.410)
37
fhRg;gha;r;rw; $w;W
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk;
2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhd fhRg;gha;r;rw; $w;W
2009 2008
&gh kpy; &gh kpy;
fhR kw;Wk; fhRf;Fr; rkdhditfspd; Njwpa mjpfhpg;G/
(FiwT)
20,191.404
(2,188.412)
Mz;bd; Muk;gj;jpyhd fhR kw;Wk; fhRf;Fr;
rkdhditfs; 7,771.977 9,960.389
Mz;bd; ,Wjpapyhd fhR kw;Wk; fhRf;Fr; rkdhditfs; 27,963.381 7,771.977
Fwpg;G 1
Mz;bd; Muk;gj;jpyhd fhR kw;Wk; fhRf;Fr; rkdhditfs; (Fwpg;G 10)
fhR kw;Wk; tq;fp kPjp 9,244.432 10,744.471
9,244.432 10,744.471
tq;fp Nkyjpfg; gw;W (Fwpg;G 18) (82.670) (48.139)
ntspehl;L ehzaf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; rPuhf;fq;fspw;F Kd;duhd fhR kw;Wk; fhRf;Fr; rkdhditfs;
9,161.762
10,696.332
ntspehl;L ehzaf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSf;fhd
rPuhf;fk; (1,389.785) (735.943)
ntspehl;L ehzaf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; rPuhf;fq;fspw;F gpd;duhd fhR kw;Wk; fhRf;Fr; rkdhditfs; 7,771.977 9,960.389
Fwpg;G 2 Mz;bd; ,Wjpapyhd fhR kw;Wk; fhRf;Fr;
38
rkdhditfs;
fhR kw;Wk; tq;fp kPjp (Fwpg;G 10) 31,762.640 9,244.432
31,762.640 9,244.432
tq;fp Nkyjpfg; gw;W (Fwpg;G 18) (2,870.372) (82.670)
ntspehl;L ehzaf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; rPuhf;fq;fspw;F
Kd;duhd fhR kw;Wk; fhRf;Fr; rkdhditfs; 28,892.268 9,161.762
ntspehl;L ehzaf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSf;fhd
rPuhf;fk; (928.887) (1,389.785)
ntspehl;L ehzaf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; rPuhf;fq;fspw;F
gpd;duhd fhR kw;Wk; fhRf;Fr; rkdhditfs; 27,963.381 7,771.977
39
fzf;fPl;Lf; nfhs;iffs ;
1. $l;bidg;G jfty;fs;
1.1 mwpf;ifapLk; gphpT
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; 1961 ,d; 28 Mk; ,yf;f
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgd mjpfhur; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;
cUthf;fg;gl;L ,yq;ifapy; ,aq;fp tUfpd;wJ. $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;
gjpT nra;ag;gl;l mYtyfk; ,y 109> fhyp tPjp> nfhOk;G 03
,y; mike;Js;sJ.
1.2 Kf;fpa eltbf;iffSk; ,aw;ifr; nraw;ghLfSk;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Kf;fpa eltbf;iffs; krF vz;nza;
,wf;Fkjp> Rj;jpfhpg;G> Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l ngw;Nwhypag; nghUl;fspd;
,wf;Fkjp> ,yq;ifapy; ngw;Nwhypag; nghUl;fspd; tpw;gidAk;
tpepNahfKk; MFk;.
1.3 fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; epHthfKk; KOikahd fl;Lg;ghl;L epHthfKk;
$l;Lj;jhgdk; ngw;Nwhypa kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhypa tsq;fs;
mgptpUj;jp mikr;rpd; gug;ngy;iyapy; nraw;gLfpd;wJ. ,yq;if
murhq;fKk; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; KOikahd fl;Lg;ghl;lhsh;
vd;gJTk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; jug;gpduhfTk; cs;snjd;gNj
gzpg;ghsh;fspd; mgpg;gpuhakhFk;.
1.4 toq;fy;fYf;fhf mDkjpf;fg;gl;l jpfjp
2009 brk;gh; 31 ,y; Kbtile;j Mz;bw;fhf ,yq;if
ngw;Nwhypa $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; 2010 ngg;uthp 24
Mk; jpfjp gzpg;ghsh; rigapd; jPh;khdj;jpd; gb toq;fYf;fhd
mDkjpaspj;jpUe;jJ.
40
2. fzf;fPl;Lf; nfhs;if
epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; ,yq;if gl;laf; fzf;fhsh; epWtdj;jpdhy;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;s fzf;fPl;L epakq;fs;> nghJthf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l
fzf;fPl;Lf; Nfhl;ghLfspd; gpufhuKk; 1971 ,d; 38 Mk; ,yf;f epjp
mjpfhur; rl;lj;jpd; Vw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; njhlh;r;rpahd jpUj;jq;fspw;Fk;
mika (kPs; kjpg;gPL jtph;e;j) tuyhw;Wf; fpua mbg;gilapNyNa
jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; ,yq;if &ghf;fspy; jahhpf;fg;gl;L rfy ngWkjpfSk;
Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gl;lhyd;wp fpl;ba kpy;ypadpy; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
2.1 ,zq;fw;$w;W
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; ,yq;if
fzf;fPl;L epakq;fspd; (SLAS) gpufhuk; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
2.1.1 njhlh;e;jpaf;fk;
gzpg;ghsh;fs; $l;Lj;jhgdk; njhlh;e;jpaq;Fk; epWtdj;jpw;fhd
,aYikiaf; nfhz;ljhf kjpg;gpl;L ,jid fiyg;gjw;Nfh
my;yJ tpahghuj;ij KbTWj;Jtjw;Nfh fUjtpy;iy.
2.1.2 xg;gPl;Lj; jfty;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpdhy; njhlh;e;J fzf;fPl;Lf; nfhs;iffs;
gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; fle;j Mz;by; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ltw;wpw;F
,zq;Fk; tifapy; fzf;fPl;Lf; nfhs;if khw;wf;; Fwpg;G 25 ,y;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;lit jtph;e;j tpjj;jpy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
xg;gPl;Lj; njhiffspw;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l khw;wq;fs; Fwpg;G 21
,y; KOikahfj; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
41
2.2 Kf;fpa fzf;fPl;L jPh;khdq;fs;> kjpg;gPLfs; kw;Wk; fUJ
Nfhs;fs;
2.2.1 fzf;fPl;bw;Fhpa jPh;khdq;fs;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; fzf;fPl;Lf; nfhs;iffs; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;
eilKiwapy;> epjpf;$w;Wf;fspy; cs;s njhiffs; kPjhd ghhpa
jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; kjpg;gPl;by; <Lgl;lth;fSf;F Nkyjpfkhf
Kfhikj;Jtk; gpd;tUk; jPh;khdq;fis vLj;Js;sJ.
2.2.2 gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thpr; nrhj;Jf;fs;
thpf;Fl;gl;l ,yhgq;fs;> thp ,og;Gf;fSf;F vjpuhf
gad;gLj;jg;gl;l mjw;F Nkyhf gad;gLj;jg;glhj rfy thp
,og;Gf;fSk; gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thpr; nrhj;Jf;fs; MFk;. Neuk; kw;Wk;
vjph;fhy thpf;Fl;gLk; ,yhgq;fs; vjph;fhy thpj; jpl;l
cghaq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ghpe;Jiuf;fg;glf; $ba
gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thpr; nrhj;Jf;fspd; njhifia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F
ghhpa Kfhikj;Jt jPh;khdq;fs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd.
2.3 Kf;fpa fzf;fPl;Lf; nfhs;iffspd; nghopg;G
2.3.1 ntspehl;L ehzaf; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs;
epjpf;$w;Wf;fs;> $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk;
ntspg;gLj;jy;; ehzakhd> ,yq;if &ghf;fspy; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
ntspehl;L ehzq;fspy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk;
nghWg;Gf;fspd; ehzag; ngWkjp Ie;njhifj; jpfjpapy; cs;s
ehza khw;W tPjj;jpy; ghpkhw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. rfy NtWghLfSk;
,yhgq;fs; my;yJ el;lq;fshf vLf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ehzag;
ngWkjpapy; mstplg;glhj tplaq;fshf tuyhw;Wf; fpuaj;jpy;
mstplg;gLgit Muk;gf; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy; jpfjpfspy; cs;s
ghpkhw;W tpjj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ghpkhw;wg;gLfpd;wd.
42
ehzaj;jpy; mstplg;glhj tplaq;fs; epahag; ngWkjpapy;
eph;khzpf;fg;gl;l jpfjpapy; cs;sthwhd ghpkhw;W tpfpjj;jpidg;
gad;gLj;jp ghpkhw;wg;gLfpd;wd.
2.3.2 thp (m) eilKiw thp
eilKiw kw;Wk; fle;j fhyg; gFjpfSf;fhd eilKiw
tUkhd thpr; nrhj;Jf;fSk; nghWg;Gf;fSk; thp mjpfhhpfSf;Fr;
nrYj;jg;gl;l my;yJ mth;fsplkpUe;J mwtplg;gl
vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLk; njhifapy; mstplg;gLfpd;wJ. njhifia
fzpg;gpLtjw;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l thp tPjq;fSk; thpr; rl;lq;fSk;
Ie;njhif jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J mKyhf;fg;gl;l my;yJ mjidj;
njhlh;e;J mKyhf;fg;gl;litahFk;.
epjpf;$w;Wf;fspy; mwptpf;fg;gl;l tUkhd nrytpdj;jpd;
fhuzpfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L tUkhd thpf;fhd Vw;ghL
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L chpa thpr;rl;lq;fspd; Vw;ghLfspd; gpufhuk;
fzpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.
(M) gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thp
gpw;Nghlg;gl;l tUkhd thp Vw;ghlhdJ nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk;
nghWg;Gf;fspd; thp rhHe;j fhuzpfSf;F ,ilapy; Ie;njhifj;
jpfjpapy; cs;s jw;fhypf NtWghLfs; epjp mwpf;ifaply;
Nehf;fq;fspw;fhf nghWg;G Kiwapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.
thpf;Fl;gl;l ,yhgk; my;yJ el;lq;fs; my;yJ fzf;fPl;L
,yhgq;fs; vjidAk; jhf;fhj nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspd; NghJk;
tpahghu xUq;fpizg;G my;yhj Xh; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspd;
nrhj;J my;yJ nghWg;ghf Muk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,dq;fhzg;gl;l
tUkhd thpg; nghWg;Gj; jtph;e;j rfy thpf;Fl;gLk; jw;fhypf
NtWghLfSf;fhfTk; gpw;Nghlg;gl;l tUkhd thpg; nghWg;Gf;fs;
,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sd.
43
nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; Ntisapy; fzf;fPl;L ,yhgk; my;yJ
thpf;Fl;gl;l ,yhgk; my;yJ el;lq;fis jhf;fhj Xh; tpahghu
xUq;fpidg;G ,y;yhj Xh; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspy; Xh; nrhj;J
my;yJ nghWg;gpidr; rhHe;j ,dq;fhzypy; ,Ue;J vOk;
fopf;fg;glf; $ba jw;fhypf NtWghLfSf;F vjpuhff; fpilf;fg;
ngw;Ws;s thpf;Fl;gl;l ,yhgk; cs;s tiuapy; gad;gLj;jg;glhj
thp ,og;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;glhj thpr;nrhj;Jf;fs; Kd;
nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;L rfy fopf;fg;glf; $ba jw;fhypf
NtWghLfSf;fhfTk; ,dq;fhzg;gl;litNa gpw;Nghlg;gl;l
tUkhd thpr; nrhj;Jf;fshFk;.
xt;nthU Ie;njhifj; jpfjpapYk; gpw;Nghlg;gl;l tUkhd thpr;
nrhj;Jf;fspd; njhif kPsha;T nra;ag;gl;L Nghjpa thpf;Fl;gl;l
,yhgk; rfy my;yJ gFjpastpyhd gpw;Nghlg;gl;l tUkhd thpr;
nrhj;Jf;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; tiu fopf;fg;gLfpwJ.
Ie;njhifj; jpfjpapy; mKyhf;fg;gl;l my;yJ mjd; gpd;dh;
cUthf;fg;gl;l thp tPjq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
nrhj;Jf;fs; ,dq;fhzg;gLifapy; my;yJ nghWg;Gf;fs;
jPh;f;fg;gLifapy; Mz;by; tpjpf;fg;gLtjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLk; thp
tPjq;fspy; gpw;Nghlg;gl;l tUkhd thpr; nrhj;Jf;fSk;
nghWg;GfSk; mstplg;gLfpd;wd.
%yjdj;jpy; Neubahf ,dq;fhzg;gl;l tplaq;fs; njhlh;ghd
gpw;Nghlg;gl;l tUkhd thp tUkhdf; $w;wpy; my;yhJ
%yjdj;jpy; ,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
(,) tpw;gid thp
tpw;gid thp cs;slf;fg;glhj njhifapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l ngw
gFjp my;yJ nrhj;Jf;fspd; fpuaj;jpd; Xh; gFjp ,dq;fhzg;gl;l
tpw;gid thp mjpfhhpfshy; mwtplg;glhj Nritfs; my;yJ
44
nrhj;Jf;fspd; nfhs;tdTfspy; $wg;gl;l tpw;gid thp jtph;e;j
tUkhdk;> nrytpdq;fs; kw;Wk; nrhj;J tpw;gid thpj;
njhifapd; Njwpa njhifapy; ,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wd. thp
mjpfhhpfspd; gb mwtpl Ntz;ba kw;Wk; nrYj;j Ntz;ba
tpw;gid thpj; njhif Ie;njhifapy; ngwNtz;ba kw;Wk;
nrYj;j Ntz;baitfspd; xU gFjpahf cs;slf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
2.3.3 fld; fpuaq;fs;
fld; fpuaq;fs; mit $wg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapd; Xh; nrytpdkhf
,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
2.3.4 ,Ug;Gfs;
,Ug;Gfs;> iftplg;gl;l kw;Wk; Fiwthf efUk; tplaq;fSf;fhd
epYit tpLnjhiffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lij mLj;Js;s Njwpa
iff;nfl;ba ngWkjp kw;Wk; fpuak; ,tw;wpy; Fiwthd
ngWkjpapy; ngWkjpaplg;gLfpd;wd. Njwpa iff;nfl;Lk; ngWkjp
vd;gJ ,Ug;Gfs; toikahd epiyapy; tpw;gid nra;ag;gLk;
tpiyapy; ,Ue;J g+h;j;jpahf;fg;gLtjw;F kjpg;gplg;gl;l
fpuaj;ijAk; tpw;gid nra;tjw;F mtrpakhf kjpg;gplg;gl;l
fpuaj;jpidAk; fopj;jjd; gpd;dh; cs;sjhFk;.
jw;Nghija ,lj;jpw;Fk; epiyf;Fk; ,Ug;Gf;fisf;
nfhz;LtUtjw;F $wg;gl;l fpuak; gpd;tUk; fpuag; gad;ghl;ilg;
gad;gLj;jpf; fzf;fplg;gLfpwd.
%yg; nghUl;fs; Kd; te;jJ Kd; nry;yy; mbg;gilapyhd
nfhs;tdTf; fpua Kiw
KbTg; nghUl;fs;
Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l cw;gj;jpfs; Neubg; nghUl;fs;> Neub Copak; kw;Wk;
45
toikahd cw;gj;jp ,aysitr; rhHe;j
Xh; Vw;w cw;gj;jp Nke;jiyapd; tpfpjk;
vdpDk; fld; fpuak; jtph;e;jit.
,wf;Fkjpfs; Kd; te;jit Kd; nry;Yk; mbg;gilapy;
nfhs;tdTf; fpuaj;jpy;
eilKiw Ntiy
Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l cw;gj;jpfs; Neubg; nghUl;fs;> Neub Copak; kw;Wk;
toikahd cw;gj;jp ,aysitr; rhHe;j
Xh; Vw;w cw;gj;jp Nke;jiyapd; tpfpjk;
vdpDk; fld; fpuak; jtph;e;jit.
,wf;Fkjpfs; Kd; te;jit Kd; nry;Yk; mbg;gilapy;
nfhs;tdTf; fpuaj;jpy;
Vida KbTg; nghUl;fs; ruhrhp epWj;jy; mbg;gilapy; nfhs;tdTf;
fpuaj;jpy;
EfHTg; nghWl;fSk; cjphpg;
ghfq;fSk;
ruhrhp epWj;jy; mbg;gilapy; nfhs;tdTf;
fpuaj;jpy;
topapy; cs;s ruf;Ffs;
(,lj;jpw;F mika)
nfhs;tstpy;
Njwpa ifnfl;ba ngWkjpahdJ toikahd tpahghu epfo;tpy;
kjpg;gplg;gl;l tpw;gid tpiyapy; ,Ue;J g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gLtjw;fhd
kjpg;gPl;Lf; fpuak; kw;Wk; tpw;gidia Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F mtrpakhd
kjpg;gPl;Lf; fpuaq;fis fopj;jjd; gpd;dh; cs;sitahFk;.
46
2.3.5 tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida ngw Ntz;baitfs;
mwtpl Kbahj kw;Wk; Iaj;jpw;fplkhd ngw Ntz;batw;wpw;fhd
gbg;gzq;fspd; Njwpatw;wpy; iff;nfl;Ltjw;F kjpg;gplg;gl;l
njhifapy; tpahghug; ngwNtz;baitfs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd. rpy
re;jh;g;gq;fspy; Fwpj;j Vw;ghLfs; tpahghug;
ngwNtz;baitfSf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l toikahd
Vw;ghl;bw;F Nkyjpfkhf Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.
Vida ngw Ntz;baitfSk; mf;fiwAs;s jug;gpdh;fsplk;
,Ue;jhd epYitfSk; mwtpl Kbahj kw;Wk; Iaj;jpw;fplkhd
ngw Ntz;baitfSf;fhd gbg;gzq;fs; fopf;fg;gl;l fpuaj;jpy;
,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
2.3.6 fhR kw;Wk; fhRf;Fr; rkkhdit
ifapy; cs;s fhR> Nfs;tp itg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; FWq;fhy cah;
jput KjyPLfs;> cldbahf fhrhf khw;wg;glf; $baitahf
njhpe;j kw;Wk; ngWkjp khw;wj;jpy; Kf;fpakw;w ,lUf;F
cs;shditNa fhR kw;Wk; fhRf;Fr; rkkhditahFk;.
fhRg;gha;r;ry; $w;wpd; Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf> fhR kw;Wk; fhRf;Fr;
rkkhditfs; ifapy; cs;s fhR kw;Wk; tq;fpapy; cs;s
itg;Gfs;> tq;fp Nkyjpf gw;Wf;fspd; Njwpa epYitfis
cs;slf;Fk;. FWfpa Kjph;Tf; fhyk; mjhtJ %d;W khjq;fs;
my;yJ nfhs;tdT jpfjpapy; ,Ue;J FiwthditAk; fhRf;Fr;
rkkhditahff; fUjg;gLk;.
2.3.7 Mjdk;> nghwpj; njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzk;
nghwpj; njhFjpAk; cgfuzq;fSk; fpuaj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;L
ehshe;j Nritf; fpuaj;ijj; jtph;j;J jpuz;l ngWkhdj; Nja;T
kw;Wk; jpuz;l gOJwg;gl;l ngWkjp fopf;fg;gl;L
47
Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd. mj;jifa fpuak; nghwpj; njhFjp kw;Wk;
cjphpg;ghfq;fspd; cjphpg;ghfg; ghpkhw;wy; fpuak; Vw;gLifapy;
,dq;fhzg;glf; $bajhf ,Uf;ifapy; mtw;iwAk;
cs;slf;fpd;wJ.
fhzp> fl;blq;fshtd fl;blf; fpuaj;jpd; kPjhd ngWkhdj;Nja;T
fopf;fg;gl;L mstplg;gLfpd;wd.
xt;nthU ghhpa Muha;r;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLifapy; nghwpj;
njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs; ghpkhw;wkhf ,dq;fhzg;gLk;
fhuzpfspd; Njitg;ghL g+h;j;jpnra;ag;gLifapy; mit nfhz;L
nry;yy; fpuaj;jpy; ,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
Mjdk;> nghwpj; njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuz tplaq;fs; ifjtph;g;G
my;yJ mjd; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l vjph;fhy nghUshjhu eyd;fs;
,y;yhj NghJ mit kPs fUj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwd. nrhj;Jf;fspd;
kPs; fUj;jpw;nfhs;syhy; Vw;gLk; VNjDk; ,yhgk; my;yJ el;lk;
(nrhj;Jf;fspy; ngWkjp ifjtph;g;gpyhd Njwpa eyd;fSf;F
,ilapyhd NtWghLfspy; fzpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd) kPs; fUj;jpw;
nfhs;sg;gl;l nrhj;Jf;fs; Mz;bd; tUkhdf; $w;wpy;
cs;slf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
nrhj;Jf;fspd; Njwpa ngWkjpfs;> gaDs;s MAl;fhyk; kw;Wk;
ngWkhdj;Nja;T Kiwikfs; kPsha;T nra;ag;gl;L Njitg;ghl;bd;
xt;nthU epjpahz;bd; ,WjpapYk; rPuhf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
2.3.8 KjyPLfs;
(m) mbg;gil mq;fPfhuk;
KjyPl;Lf; fpuak; nfhs;tdTf; fpuak; kw;Wk; juFf; fl;lzq;fs;>
fl;lzq;fs;> jPh;itfs; kw;Wk; tq;fp rPuhf;fw; fl;lzq;fs; Nghd;w
nfhs;tdTf; fpuaq;fis cs;slf;fpAs;sd. $l;Lj;jhgdk;
48
Ie;njhifapy; eilKiw kw;Wk; eilKiwaw;w KjyPl;il
fz;Lgpbj;J rkh;g;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
(M) mstPL
(i) eilKiw KjyPL
eilKiw KjyPl;Lf; fpuak; kw;Wk; re;ijg; ngWkjp
,tw;wpy; Fiwthdjpy; ruhrhp fzpg;Gg; gl;baypd;
mbg;gilapy; eph;zapf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
(ii) ePz;l fhy KjyPLfs;
ePz;l fhy KjyPLfs; fpuaj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd.
mtw;wpy; njhiffs; jdpahf xt;nthU KjyPl;bw;fhd
jw;fhyf eph;zak; jtph;e;j Xh; tPo;r;rpia
,dq;fhz;gjw;fhff; Fiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;wpd;
njhiffspd; jw;fhypf tPo;r;rp jtph;e;j ,f; Fwpg;Gfs;
tUkhdf; $w;wpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd.
(iii) Jizf;fk;gdpfspd; KjyPLfs;
Jizf; fk;gdpfspyhd KjyPLfs; fpuaj;jpy;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.
(iv) KjyPLfspd; ifjtph;g;G
Xh; KjyPl;bd; ifjtph;g;gpd; NghJ> Njwpa
ifjtph;g;Gf;fspw;Fk; eyd;fspw;Fk; ,ilapy; NtWgLk;
njhiffSk; nfhz;L nry;Yk; njhif nrytpdkhfTk;
,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sd.
49
2.3.9 Vw;ghLfs;
,lk;ngw;w epfo;tpd; tpisthf (rl;l my;yJ Mf;fj;jpwd;)
jw;Nghija flg;ghl;il $l;Lj;jhgdk; nfhz;Ls;s NghJ
flg;ghl;Lj; njhif njhlh;ghf Xh; ek;gfukhd kjpg;gPl;ilAk;
flg;ghl;il jPh;g;gjw;F mtrpakhd nghUshjhu eyd;fisAk;
%yts ntspr; nry;yYf;fhd tha;g;G Nrh;ifapy; Vw;ghLfs;
,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Xh; fk;gdpahdJ rpy Vw;ghLfisNah
my;yJ rfytw;iwANkh kPsspf;ifapy;> mk; kPsspg;ghdJ
cz;ikay;yhjjhf cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLifapy; khj;jpuk; Ntwhd Xh;
nrhj;jhf ,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ve;jtpjkhd Vw;ghLfs;
njhlh;ghd nrytpdq;fSk; vNjDk; kPsspg;gpd; Njwpa
ngWkjpapNyNa tUkhdf;$w;wpy; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gLk;. gzg;
ngWkjpapd; jhf;fk; nghUz;ikahapd;> vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l vjph;
tUk; fhRg;gha;r;ry;fs; foptpw;F cl;gl;L gzg;ngWkjp Neuj;jpy;
eilKiwr; re;ijapy; epyTk; kjpg;gPLfs; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk;
thpf;F Ke;jpa tpfpjj;jpYk; chpj;jhd NghJ nghWg;ghfTk;
,lh;fs; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;. fopg;gdT gad;gLj;jg;gLifapy; Neu
nrytPl;bd; fhuzj;jpdhy; Vw;ghl;by; Vw;gLk; mjpfhpg;G tl;br;
nrytpdkhf ,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
2.3.10 Xa;t+jpa eyd; flg;ghLfs;
(m) tpsf;fg;gl;l eyd; jpl;lk; - gzpf;nfhil
gzpf;nfhilahdJ XH tpsf;fg;gl;l eyd; jpl;lkhFk;. chpa
rl;lj;jpd; gpufhuk; gzpf;nfhilia $l;Lj;jhgdk; nrYj;Jtjw;Fg;
nghWg;GilajhFk;. ,g; nghWg;gpid vjph;nfhs;tjw;fhf>
Nritapd; Kjy; tUlj;jpy; ,Ue;J Muk;gpj;J> flik GhpAk;
xt;nthU Mz;bw;Fkhf rfy Copah;fspdJk; epjp Mz;bd; ,Wjp
khjj;jpd; khjhe;j rk;gsj;jpd; miug;gq;if rhHe;J
fzpg;gplg;gLk; njhiff;F rkdhd njhif Ie;njhifapy;
Vw;ghlhf Kd; nfhz;L nry;yg;gLk; Mz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; Kd;
nfhz;Ltug;gLk; Vw;ghl;Lj; njhiff;Fk; VNjDk; nfhLg;gdTfs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lij mLj;Js;s Njwpa njhiff;Fk; Mz;bd;
50
,Wjpapy; Kd; nfhz;L nry;yg;gLk; Vw;ghl;Lj; njhiff;Fk;
,ilapyhd NtWghLfs; tUkhdf; $w;wpy; rPuhf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
gzpf;nfhilg; nghWg;ghdJ epjpaplg;glNth my;yJ cs;sgbahf
ngWkjpaplg;glNth ,y;iy.
(M) tpsf;fg;gl;l gq;fspg;Gj; jpl;lq;fs; - Copah; Nrkyhg epjpak;
kw;Wk; Copah; ek;gpf;if epjpak;
rl;lq;fSf;Fk; gpukhzq;fSf;Fk; ,zq;Fk; tifapy; Copah;
Nrkyhg epjpag; gq;fspg;GfSf;Fk; Copah; ek;gpf;if epjpag;
gq;fspg;Gf;fSf;Fk; CopaHfs; chpj;Jilath;fshth;.
$l;Lj;jhgdk;> Copah;fspd; nkhj;j Cjpaj;jpy; KiwNa 15%
,idAk; 3% ,idAk; Copah; Nrkyhg epjpaj;jpypUe;Jk; Copah;
ek;gpf;if epjpaj;jpypUe;Jk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ.
2.3.11 %yjd xJf;fk;
murhq;fj;jpd; jpuz;l epjpaj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gLk; Fwpj;j
njhifAk; ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F
gpd;Dhpj;jhsHfspd; toq;fg;gl;l %yjdj;jpy; ,Ue;J cUthFk;
kPsikg;gpd; tpw;gid eyd;fspd; Njwpa ngWkjpAk; %Yjd
xJf;fj;jpd; fPo; nryT itf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
2.3.12 fhg;GWjp xJf;fq;fs;
topg;Nghf;fpd; NghJ %d;whk; jug;gpdUld; fhg;GWjp
Nkw;nfhs;sg;glhj ,wf;Fkjpfs; kPJ cs;sgbahd fhg;GWjpf;
fpuaj;jpw;F rkkhd Xh; njhif fhg;GWjp xJf;fPl;by; nryT
itf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
51
2.3.13 tUkhd ,dq;fhzy;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F nghUshjhu eyid <l;lf;$ba mstpy;
,dq;fhzg;gl;l njhif tUkhdk; vdg;gLtJld; tUkhdKk;
mjNdhL ,ize;j fpuaq;fSk; nrytplg;gl cs;s fpuaq;fSk;
cz;ikahf mstplglf;$baitahFk;.
tpahghuf; fopTfs; kw;Wk; tpw;gid thpfspd; Njwpa njhifapy;
ngw Ntz;ba my;yJ ngwg;gl;l gq;fspg;gpd; epahag; ngWkjpapy;
tUkhdk; mstplg;gLfpd;wJ. tUkhd ,dq;fhzy;
Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf gpd;tUk; Fwpj;j Kiwfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
(m) nghUl;fspd; tpw;gid
nfhs;tdthsh;fSf;F toikahf nghUl;fs; mDg;gg;gLifapy;
nghUl;fspd; chpikapd; eyd;fSk; ghhpa ,lh;fSk;
nrd;wilifapy; tpw;gidapy; ,Ue;jhd tUkhdk;
,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
(M) tl;b
nrhj;Jf;fspd; mKypy; cs;s tl;b tPjk; fzf;fpw;F
vLf;fg;gLifapy; fhy tpfpjhrhu mbg;gilapy; tUkhdk;
,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
(,) gq;fpyhgq;fs;
nfhLg;gdT cUthf;fg;gl;lJk; ngWtjw;fhd chpj;ij
gq;fhsh;fs; ngwg;gLifapy; gq;fpyhgq;fs; ,dq;fhzg;
gLfpd;wd.
(<) n`l;[pq; eyd;fs;
ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fspd; n`l;[pq; ,yhgk; my;yJ
el;lk; Ntwhd xU tplakhf tUkhdf;$w;wpy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
52
(c) thlif tUkhdk;
thlif tUkhdk; Fj;jif fhyj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; Neh;Nfhl;by;
fzf;fplg;gLfpd;wJ.
(C) Vidait
Vidait> tUkhd ml;LW mbg;gilapy; ,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
2.3.14 $w;Wj; jfty;
$Wfspd; eltbf;iffs; nraw;ghl;bd; $W kPsha;tpy;
tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. %y tbtikg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; $Wfs;
eph;zapf;fg;gLfpd;wd. %y tbtikg;ghdJ Efh;Nthh;fshy;
vjph;Nehf;fg;gl;l xj;j ,lh; kw;Wk; kPsy;fisf; nfhz;l cw;gj;jpg;
nghUl;fisr; rhh;e;J ,dq;fhzg;gl;l tpahghuf; $Wfis
gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;fpd;wJ $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; r%fhPjpahd
eltbf;iffs; ,yq;iff;Fs; nraw;gLtjdhy; ,uz;lhk; epiyf;
$W ,y;iy.
53
epjpf;$w;Wf;fspw;fhd Fwpg;G
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; 2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;L epjpf;$w;Wf;fspw;fhd Fwpg;G
1. tUkhdk;; 1.1 cs;Sh; tpw;gidfs
2009 2008
---------- -----------
msT kjpg;G msT kjpg;G
kp.yPw;; &.kpy; kp.yPw;; &.kpy;
90 xf;Nud; ngw;Nwhy; 524.698 57,418.763 477.548 62,778.103
95 xf;Nud; ngw;Nwhy; 21.403 2,636.372 26.618 3,655.623
Bry; 1,687.045 119,046.261 1,620.849 151,070.451
Rg;gh; Bry; 10.104 866.145 8.495 885.249
kz;nzz;nza; 191.810 9,754.538 192.596 14,000.051
#is vz;nza; 1,021.448 27,416.114 1,048.919 66,220.151
fWg;G vz;nza; tbg;G 134.191 5,740.935 42.589 3,553.623
eg;jh 160.516 8,093.232 206.406 15,255.831
tpkhd vhpnghUs; 0.237 66.103 0.231 62.761
tpkhd Nlh;igd; vhpnghUs; 176.457 9,746.853 239.296 21,755.668
jhH 92.941 8,049.974 105.886 9,412.025
vhp vz;nza; 1.727 457.944 - -
tptrha ,urhadq;fs; 0.407 178.506 0.548 291.411
Nrhy;td;l; 1.353 135.188 3.637 435.322
vy;.gP.[P. 24.514 1,484.922 15.911 1,305.381
nkhj;j cs;ehl;L tpw;gidfs; 4,048.850 251,094.953 3,926.844 345,095.913
Vw;Wkjpfs;
Nehpy; Vw;Wkjpfs;
54
tpkhd Nlh;igd; vhpnghUs; 113.280 6,298.091 122.656 11,262.986
fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; 6.310 115.153 25.097 1,643.217
119.590 6,413.243 147.753 12,906.203
nkhj;j tpw;gidfs; 257,508.193 358,002.116
fop : tpw;gidg; Gus;T kw;Wk;
Vw;Wkjp jPHit (19,845.574) (16,331.787)
237,662.619 341,670.329
55
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; 2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;L epjpf;$w;Wf;fspw;fhd Fwpg;G
tifg;gLj;jy; jfty;fSk; tUkhdKk;
gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; EfHNthUf;fhf toq;fg;gl;l Nritapd; rhHg;gpy;
tUkhdk;> tpw;gidf; fpuak; kw;Wk; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; nkhj;j ,yhgk; vd;gd
tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
2009
--------
2008
------
gad;ghl;L tif tpw;gidg;
ngWkjp
&gh kpy;
tpw;gidf;
fpuak;
&gh kpy;.
nkhj;j
,yhgk;
&gh kpy;
tpw;gidg;
ngWkjp
&gh kpy;
tpw;gidf;
fpuak;
&gh kpy;.
nkhj;j
,yhgk;
&gh kpy;
Nghf;Ftuj;J 160,121.967 142,441.754 17,680.213 180,710.894 169,338.450 11,372.449
rf;jp cUthf;fk; 41,250.381 56,740.143 (15,489.762) 97,501.049 97,133.650 367.838
thd; gazk; 16,114.048 15,312.762 801.286 31,629.713 34,948.506 (3,318.793)
Vidait 20,176.224 19,046.261 1,129.963 31,828.231 37,093.115 (5,264.884)
tUkhdf; $w;wpd;
gbahd nkhj;j
,yhgk; 237,662.620 233,540.920 4,121.700 341,670.329 (338,513.719) 3,156.610
56
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fspw;fhd Fwpg;Gfs; 2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ
2. Vida nraw;ghl;L tUkhdk;
2009 2008
&gh kpy; &gh kpy;
gq;fpyhg tUkhdk; 0.111 0.111
xg;ge;jf;fhuHfsplk; ,Ue;J mwtplg;gl;l jz;lg;gzk; 4.539 7.858
rpy;yiw tUkhdk; 1,167.448 184.812
thlif tUkhdk; 14.082 12.583
vz;nza;g;; nghUl;fs; tpw;gidapyhd juFg;gzk; - 31.129
1,186.069 236,493
3. epjpf; fpuak; kw;Wk; tUkhdk;
3.1 epjpf; fpuak;
2009 2008
&gh kpy; &gh kpy;
ePz;lfhyf; fld;fs; kPjhd tl;b 124.953 135.588
tq;fp Nkyjpfg;gw;Wf;fs; kPjhd tl;b 398.224 -
ntspehl;L cz;bay;fSf;fhd tl;b kw;Wk;
Vida tq;fpf; fld;fs;
4,217.487 3,027.616
4,740.664 3,163.204
3.2 epjp tUkhdk;
jpiwNrhp cz;bay; tl;b tUkhdk; 239.471 484.615
tjpNthUf;fhd ntspehl;L ehzaf;fzf;F kPjhd tl;b tUkhdk;
198.816 170.111
fld; gl;bay; kPjhd tl;b 665.708 179.521
1,103.995 834.247
57
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fspw;fhd Fwpg;Gfs; 2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ
4. Mz;bw;fhd ,yhgk;/ (el;lk;)
2009 2008
&gh kpy; &gh kpy;
tpw;gidf; fpuaj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ
Njwpa iff;nfl;Lk; ngWkjpf;F Fiwj;njOjg;gl;l
,Ug;Gfs;
9,110.59 6,553.910
ngWkhdj;Nja;T - Miy 122.179 153.261
ehza ghpkhw;w NtWghL ,yhgk;/ (el;lk;) 1,269.670 2,661.474
epHthfr; nrytpdq;fspy; cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ
gpd;tUgtw;iw cs;slf;fpa CopaH eyd;fs;
- gzpf;nfhil 191.036 47.226
- C.Nr.ep. kw;Wk; C. e.ep. 208.536 192.719
ePz;l fhy KjyPLfspd; ngWkjpapyhd khw;wq;fs; - 5.000
ghpkhw;W NtWghLfs; - (,yhgk;)/ el;lk; (937.704) 1,004.824
Mjd> nghwpj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fspd;
ifjtpHg;gpd; kPjhd ,yhgk;
8,669 1.908
Vw;ghLfspd; kPl;G - 11.196
fzf;fha;thsHfspd; Cjpak; 1.473 2.368
ngWkhdj;Nja;T – jiyik mYtyfk; 232.767 213.495
= yq;fh Rkpj;tNahtpw;fhd ed;nfhil 0.585 0.612
58
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fspw;fhd Fwpg;Gfs; 2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ
2009 2008
&gh kpy; &gh kpy;
5. tUkhdthp
Mz;bw;fhd toikahd eltbf;iffs; kPjhd eilKiw thpr; nryTfs; 205.928 158.625
r%f nghWg;G thptpjpg;G 3.089 3.484
Kd;ida Mz;Lfs; njhlHghd eilKiw thpfspd;
kPjhd Fiw/ (kpif) Vw;ghL 4.716 55.381
213.733 217.490
gpw;Nghlg;gl;l tUkhd thp mwtPLfs; - -
213.733 217.490
5.1 eilKiw thp nrytpdj;jpw;Fk; fzf;fPl;L ,yhg
cw;gj;jpf;Fk; ,ilapyhd fzf;fpzf;fk;
thpf;F Kd;duhd fzf;fPl;L ,yhgk;/(el;lk;) (11,479.663) (14,735.028)
$l;Lnkhj;jkhd mDkjpf;fg;glhj nghUl;fs; 717.318 499.557
$l;Lnkhj;jkhd mDkjpf;fgl;l nryTfs; (1,742.357) (1,111.513)
thpf;F cl;glhj tUkhd /(el;;lk;) rPuhf;fk; 13,367.649 15,372.044
Vida tUkhd topfs; - tl;b tUkhdk; 905.179 664.137
fop : Kd;nfhz;L tug;gl;l thp el;lq;fspd; gad;ghL (316.813) (232.442)
thp tpjpf;fg;glf;$ba ,yhgq;fs; 588.366 431.625
59
nraw;ghLfspypUe;jhd ,yhgj;jpd; kPjhd thp
nraw;ghl;L tUkhdk; - -
tUkhdj;jpd; Vida tsq;fs; - tl;b tUkhdk; 205.928 151.093
tUkhd thpr; nrytpdq;fs; 205.928 151.093
tUkhd thpr; nrytpdq;fs; (Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;lJ) 205.928 158.625
nraw;ghl;L tUkhdj;jpw;F chpj;jhd thp tpfpjk;
gpNuhpf;fg;gl;l gq;fpyhg thp 35% 35%
r%f nghWg;G thp 25% 25%
tUkhd thp 1.5% 1.5%
r%f nghWg;G thp 210.644 214.006
3.089 3.484
213.733 217.490
gpNuhpf;fg;gl;l gq;fpyhg thp 95.610 2.812
fle;j Mz;Lfs; njhlHghd eilKiw thpfspd;
Vw;ghL Fiw/ (kpif) (0.620) 73.647
94.990 76.459
5.2 gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thp (nrhj;Jf;fs;)> nghWg;Gfs; kw;Wk;
tUkhd thp gpd;tUtdtw;WlDk; njhlHGgl;ljhFk;
Mz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; (689.623) (978.681)
tUkhdf;$w;W (,w;F)/ ,ypUe;J khw;wg;gl;lJ - 289.058
Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; (689.623) 689.623
60
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fspw;fhd Fwpg;Gfs; 2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ
Ie;njhif
----------------
2009 2008
&gh kpy; &gh kpy;
gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thpg; nghWg;G
thp Nehf;fj;jpw;fhd %yjd tpLnjhiffs; 989.460 989.460
989.460 989.460
gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thpr; nrhj;Jf;fs;
tpsf;fg;gl;l eyd;jpl;lq;fs; (189.478) (189.478)
gad;gLj;jg;glhj thp ,og;Gfs; (965.182) (965.182)
Vida Vw;ghLfs; (524.424) (524.424)
(1,679.084) (1,679.084)
Njwpa gpw;Nghlg;gl;l thp (nrhj;Jf;fs;)/ nghWg;G (689.623) (689.623)
61
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; 2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ epjpf;$w;Wf;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;
6. Mjdq;fs;> nghwpj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzk;
2009
fhzp kw;Wk;
fl;blq;fs;
rl;l chpikAs;s
nrhj;J
,ae;jpu nghwpj;
njhFjp & cgfuzq;fs;
v];gPvk; trjp
Nkhl;lhH thfdq;fs;
js/ nghUj;jpfs; mY.cgfuz.
Vida .nrhj;Jf;fs;
nkhj;jk;
&gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy;
2009.01.01 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp
1,354.047 1.016 3,702.750 2,142.422 372.897 1,434.360 9,007.492
NrHkjpfs; 104.388 - 119.967 - 10.544 35.743 270.642
ifjtpHg;Gfs; - - (74,974) - (3.192) (5.719) (83.885)
rPuhf;fq;fs; 10.169 - - - - 8.879 19.048
31.12.2009 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 1,468.604 1.016 3,747.743 2,142.422 380.249 1,473.263 9,213.297
ngWkhdj;Nja;T
2009.01.01 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp
162.676 0.338 2,050.686 1,259.415 192.801 937.267 4,603.183
Mz;bw;fhd ngWkhdj;Nja;T 18.612 0.010 164.079 31.219 14.254 127.291 355.465
ifjtpHg;Gfs; - - (0.774) - (3.192) (3,966)
rPuhf;fq;fs; - - - - - - -
2009.12.31 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp
181.288 0.348 2,213.991 1,290.634 203.863 1,064.558 4,954.682
2009.12.31 ,y; cs;sthwhd Njwpa Gj;jfg; ngWkjp
1,287.316 0.668 1,533.752 851.788 176.386 408.705 4,258.615
62
2008
fpuak; fhzp kw;Wk;
fl;blq;fs;
rl;l chpikAs;s
nrhj;J
,ae;jpu nghwpj;
njhFjp & cgfuzq;fs;
v];gPvk; trjp
Nkhl;lhH thfdq;fs;
js/ nghUj;jpfs; mY.cgfuz.
Vida .nrhj;Jf;fs;
nkhj;jk;
&gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy;
2008.12.31 ,y; cs;sthwhd fpuak; 1,354.047 1.016 3,702.750 2,142.422 372.897 1,434.360 9,007.492
2008.12.31 ,y; cs;sthwhd jpuz;l ngW. Nja;.
162.676 0.338 2,050.686 1,259.415 192.801 937.267 4,603.183
2009.12.31 ,y; cs;sthwhd Njwpa Gj;jfg; ngWkjp;
1,191.371 0.678 1,652.064 883.007 180.096 497.093 4,404.309
6.2 eilKiwapy; cs;s nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; %yjdr; nraw;jpl;lk;
2009 2008
&gh kpy; &gh kpy;
fl;blq;fs; 651.568 144.447 nghwpj; njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs; 7.099 8.043 fsQ;rpa trjp 9.522 14.929 epug;G epiyaq;fspd; kPsikg;G 114.335 49.807 Vidait - 2.531 782.524 219.757
6.4 Njwpa Gj;jfg; ngWkjpfs;
Mjd> nghwpj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs; 4,258.615 4,404.311
eilKiwapy; cs;s nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk;
%yjdr; nraw;jpl;lk;;
782.524 219.757
5,041.139 4,624.068
63
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; 2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ epjpf;$w;Wf;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;
6.4 nrhj;Jf;fspd; toikahd tho;f;iff;fhyk; gpd;tUkhW kjpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ
2009 2008
fhzp ,y;iy ,y;iy
fl;blq;fs; 40 tUlq;fs; 40 tUlq;fs;
Miyj; jhq;fpfs; kw;Wk; Foha;fs; 40 tUlq;fs; 40 tUlq;fs;
Miy ,ae;jpu nghwpj;njhFjp 10 tUlq;fs; 10 tUlq;fs;
Vida ,lq;fspy; cs;s jhq;fpfs; 40 my;yJ 20 tUlq;fs;
40 my;yJ 20 tUlq;fs;
Vida ,lq;fspy; cs;s Foha;fs; 10 my;yJ 5 tUlq;fs;
10 my;yJ 5 tUlq;fs;
,ae;jpu nghwpj;njhFjp 10 my;yJ 5 tUlq;fs;
10 my;yJ 5 tUlq;fs;
ngs]HfSk; jhq;fp nyhwpfSk; 5 tUlq;fs; 5 tUlq;fs;
thd;fSk; 4 tUlq;fs; 4 tUlq;fs;
jsghlg; nghUj;jpfs; kw;Wk; Vida cgfuzq;fs; 1998.12.31 tiu
Kw;whf Kw;whf
jsghlg; nghUj;jpfs; kw;Wk; Vida cgfuzq;fs; 1999.12.31 tiu
40 tUlq;fs; 40 tUlq;fs;
v];gPvk; trjp 3 tUlq;fs; 3 tUlq;fs;
- jhq;fpg; gz;iz 40 tUlq;fs; 40 tUlq;fs;
- Foha;fs; 20 tUlq;fs; 20 tUlq;fs;
- kpjit 10 tUlq;fs; 10 tUlq;fs;
64
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; 2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ
epjpf;$w;Wf;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;
7. KjyPLfs;
7.1 eilKiway;yhjit
m) $l;Lf; fk;gdpapy; KjyPL tpiy $wg;glhjJ
2009 2008
&gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy;
fpuak; gzpg;ghsHf
spd; ngWkjp
fpuak; gzpg;ghsHf
spd; ngWkjp
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypak;
];NlhNwI; NlHkpdy;]; ypkpll;*
2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00
2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00
M) Vida KjyPLfs; tpiy $wg;gl;lit
2009 2008 &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; fpuak; re;ijg;
ngWkjp fpuak; re;ijg;
ngWkjp
yq;fh rpnkd;w; ypkpll; 50.500 50.500 31.250
xt;nthd;Wk; &gh 10
ngWkjpahd KOikahf gzk;
nrYj;jg;gl;l 5>000>000 rhjhuz
gq;Ffs;
fop:
ngWkjp Fiwtpw;fhd
tpLnjhiffs;
(19.250) - (19.250)
tpiy $wg;glhjit 31.250 0.000 31.250 31.250
65
2009 2008 &gh
kpy; &gh kpy; &gh
kpy; &gh kpy;
fpuak; gzpg;ghsHfspd; ngWkjp
fpuak; gzpg;ghsHfspd; ngWkjp
mN;]h]pNal; epA];Ngg;gh;]; Xt; rpNyhd; ypkpll;
xt;nthd;Wk; &gh 10 ngWkjpahd KOikahf gzk; nrYj;jg;gl;l 61206 rhjhuz gq;Ffs;
0.539 0.539 0.539 0.539
yq;fh Nyd;l; ypkpll;
xt;nthd;Wk; &gh 10 ngWkjpahd KOikahf gzk; nrYj;jg;gl;l 100 rhjhuz gq;Ffs;
0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001
rh;tNjr $l;L/ ngw;Nwhypak; mNrh]pNa\d;
xt;nthd;Wk A+.v];.nlhyh; 100 ngWkjpahd KOikahf gzk; nrYj;jg;gl;l 5499 gq;Ffs; If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpy; $l;bizf;fg;gl;lJ.
5.086 5.086 5.086 5.086
5.626 5.626 5.626 5.626
7.2 eilKiw
epiyahd itg;Gf;fspy; KjyPLfs; 5.000 5.000
5.000 5.000
nkhj;jk; 41.876 41.876
66
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs; 2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ
8. tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida ngwNtz;baitfs;
2009 2008
&gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy; &gh kpy;
xU
tUlj;jpw;Fs;
xU
tUlj;jpw;Fg;
gpd;
xU
tUlj;jpw;Fs;
xU
tUlj;jpw;Fg;
gpd;
ngwNtz;ba tpahghuf; fld;fs; 73,755.007 - 64,228.814 -
Vida ngwNtz;baitfs; 2,327.730 3,171.653 1,564.897 3,758.950 itg;Gf;fs; 8.917 29.928 10.317 30.031 Kw;gzk; 491.872 - 395.106 - Kw;nfhLg;gdTfs; 299.792 - 407.167 - fld;fs; kw;Wk; Copah;fSf;fhd
Kw;gzk;;
349.198 1,000.100 356.068 999.352
77,232.516 4,201.681 66,962.369 4,788.333
Vida ngwNtz;baitfspy; CPSTL ,w;F khw;wg;gl;l ePz;lfhy fld; njhiff;Fr;
rkdhd &gh 4>286 kpy;ypaDk; 1999 Mk; Mz;by; tUkhdthp Kw;gzkhf
nrYj;jg;gl;bUe;j &gh 376 kpy;ypad; njhifAk; cs;slq;fpapUe;jd.
tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida ngwNtz;baitfs; kw;Wk; fld;fs; kw;Wk; CopaHfSf;fhd
Kw;gzq;fs; mwtplKbahj kw;Wk; Iaf;fld;fSf;fhd Vw;ghl;Lj; njhifahd
KiwNa &gh 429 kpy;. (2007 ,d; &gh 445 kpy;) kw;Wk; &gh 0.17 kpy; (2007 ,d; &gh
0.224 kpy;) rhl;lg;gl;lij mLj;Js;s njhifahFk;.
67
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;
2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ
9. ,Ug;Gf;fSk; eilKiw NtiyfSk;
2009 2008
&gh kpy; &gh kpy; #is vz;nza; 6,783.893 6,565.150 Vida %yg; nghUl;fs; 519.310 540.994 KbTg; nghUl;fs; 15,234.771 23,422.707 Vida nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; toq;fy;fs; 3,314.969 1,266.287 fop: efh;tpy;yhj nghUl;fSf;fhd Vw;ghL (284.665) (257.643)
25,568.278 31,537.495
9.1 &gh 6>553.910 kpy;ypad; 2008.12.31 ,y; cs;sthwhd ,Ug;Gfspd; Njwpa
iff;nfl;Lk; ngWkjpapd; Fiwj;njOjpa ngWkjpahf ( 2007 - &gh
797.684 kpy;) rPuhf;fg;gl;lJ.
10. fhR kw;Wk; fhRf;Fr; rkdhditfSk;
2009 2008
&gh kpy; &gh kpy;
fhR kw;Wk; tq;fp kPjpfs; 23,812.640 8,194.432
jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs; 7,950.000 1,050.000
31,762.640 9,244.432
68
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;
2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ
11. gq;fPl;L %yjdk;
2009 2008
&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;. 1961 ,d; 28 Mk; ,yf;f mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpd; 23 (1)Mk; gphptpd; gpufhukhd Muk;gg; gq;fspg;G
10.000 10.000
1964 ,d; 23 Mk; ,yf;f xJf;fPl;Lr; rl;lj;jpdhy; thf;fspf;fg;gl;lJ
4.000 4.000
1967 ,d; 15 Mk; ,yf;f xJf;fPl;Lr; rl;lj;jpdhy; thf;fspf;fg;gl;lJ
20.000 20.000
1976 ,d; %yjdg; gq;fspg;G 60.000 60.000
1979 ,d; %yjdg; gq;fspg;G 13.110 13.110
1980 ,d; %yjdg; gq;fspg;G 10.710 10.710
,yq;if murpdhy; gq;fspg;G nra;j nkhj;j njhif 117.820 117.820
1987 ,y; nghJ xJf;fj;jpypUe;J khw;wg;gl;lit 750.000 750.000
1987 ,y; epWj;jp itj;j ,yhgj;jpypUe;J khw;wpaJ 132.180 132.180
1,000.000 1,000.000
69
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;
2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ
12. %yjd xJf;fk;
2009 2008
&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.
rdthp 01 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 4,992.686 4,992.686
jpnrk;gH 31 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 4,992.686 4,992.686
* 2003 ,y; CPTL ,w;F khw;wg;gl;l nrhj;Jf;fs; Gj;jfg; ngWkjpapNyNa
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jd. gpd;dh;> jdpahh;kakhf;fg;gLifapy;
,zq;fpf;nfhz;l eilKiwapy; Nkw;Fwpj;j nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspd;
ngWkjp gjpag;gLtjw;F jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nkw;Fwpj;j nfhLf;fy;
thq;fy;fspd; jhf;fk; Njwpa kPsikg;G tpw;gid tUkhdj;jpd; fPo;
rPuhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
13. kPs;kjpg;gPl;L xJf;fk;
2009 2008
&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.
[dthp 01 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 25.70 25.70
brk;gH 31 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 25.70 25.70
70
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;
2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ
14. fhg;GWjp xJf;fk;
2009 2008
&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.
[dthp 01 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 567.81 523.079
,yhg el;lf; fzf;fpw;F rhl;lg;gl;lJ 42.38 44.735
brk;gH 31 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 610.20 567.814
15. Xa;T fhy ed;ik flg;ghLfs;
&gha; kpy;ypad; 2009 2008
&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.
[dthp 01 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 551.61 526.510
fop : Mz;bd; NghJ Nkw;nfh;sg;gl;l nfhLg;gdTfs; (22.41) (22.051)
529.27 504.459
$l;Lf : Mz;bw;fhd mwtPLfs; 191.04 47.226
720.31 551.685
$l;Lf : rPdd;Flh Copah;fSf;fhd eyd;fs; 14.86 14.857
2008 brk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthwhd kPjp 735.17 566.542
71
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;
2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ
16. tl;bia nfhz;Ls;s fld;fs; kw;Wk; nfhLf;f Ntz;bait
&gha; kpy;ypad; 2009 2008
&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.
16.1 CPSIL ,w;F xJf;fg;gl;lhj ePz;l fhyf; fld;fs;
jpiwNrhp (ADB) fld;fs; - (tUlhe;j tl;b 14.0%) &gh 37.977 kpy; ehw;gJ ½ tUlhe;j jtizg; gzj;jpy; kPsr; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba xt;nthd;Wk; a+iy 01 ,y; Muk;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ
797.57 873.533
,e;jpa top fld; (tl;b LIBOR + 0.5 tUlhe;jk;) xt;nthd;Wk; Nk 06 ,y; Muk;gpf;Fk; &.1>228.030 kpy; gd;dpnuz;L miu tUlhe;j fl;Lg;gzk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
3,837.83 6,319.818
16.2 CPSIL ,w;F xJf;fg;gl;l ePz;l fhyf; fld;fs;
jpiwNrhp (Exim Bank) fld; - tUlhe;j fld; tl;b 12.0%) ,Wjpf;; fld; kjpg;gpd; 24 rk miuahz;L jtizg; gzj;jpd; 2004 xf;Nlhghpy; kPs; nfhs;tdT Muk;gpf;fpwJ.
3,142.75 3,714.160
16.3 ,yq;if tq;fpapd; ePz;lfhyf; fld; 25,0000 0.000
32,778.16 10,907.511
,.ng.$.tpy; nghWg;G itf;fg;gl;l nrhj;Jf;fspd; Kd;dhs; chpikahsh;fSf;F nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba el;l <l;Lf; nfhLg;gdT
0.90 0.902
32,779.06 10,908.413
72
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; 2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ
epjpf;$w;Wf;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;
16.3 2009 brk;gH 31 ,ypUe;J Ie;J Mz;LfSf;Fs; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba fld;fs; gpd;tUkhwhFk;.
2009 2008
&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.
1-2 tUlq;fSf;Fs; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba nkhj;jk; 3,205.741 3,175.297
3-5 tUlq;fSf;Fs; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba nkhj;jk; 2,574.198 5,086.630
5 tUlq;fSf;Fg; gpd; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba nkhj;jk; 1,998.219 2,645.584
7,778.158 10,907.511
17. th;j;jfk; kw;Wk; Vida nrYj;j Ntz;baitfs;
2009 2008
&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.
nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba me;epa ehl;L tpiyg;gl;bay; 109,643.234 56,144.839
Vida fld; nfhLj;jth;fs;
- cs;ehl;L ,iwthp kw;Wk; Rq;fj;
jpizf;fsj;jpw;fhd epYitj; njhif
1,905.237 1,426.941
- ml;LW nrytpdq;fs; 467.203 239.734
- kPsspf;fg;glf;$ba itg;Gfs; kw;Wk; Vidait 7,106.531 4,600.198
- njhlHGgl;ltHfspf;F chpa epWitj; njhif 1,298.938 1,415.633
120,421.143 63,827.345
73
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; 2009 brk;gH 31 ,y; KbTw;w Mz;bw;fhdJ
epjpf;$w;Wf;fSf;fhd Fwpg;Gfs;
18. tl;b epiyapy; fld; ngWtdTfs; xU tUlj;Jf;Fs; nrYj;jg;gl
Ntz;bait
2009 2008
&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.
tq;fp kw;Wk; Vida fld;fs;
- xU tUlj;Jf;Fs; KOJk; nrYj;jg;gl
Ntz;bait 3,205.740 3,175.297
- tq;fp Nkyjpfg; gw;Wf;fs; 2,870.372 82.670
- tq;fp jw;fhypff; fld; - 2,162.510
- FWq;fhy njhopw;gL %yjdf; fld;fs; - 41,276.936
6,076.112 46,697.413
19. Copah;fs;
19.1 gjtpazpf; fpuak;
2009 2008
&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.
rk;gsk; kw;Wk; Ntjdq;fs;; 1,815.765 1,668.718
kpifa+jpaq;fs; 240.061 211.852
Nrkyhg kw;Wk; ek;gpf;if epjp gq;fspg;G 208.536 192.719
gzpf;nfhilf;fhd Vw;ghL 191.036 47.226
2,455.398 2,120.515
74
19.2 Copah;fspd; vz;zpf;if
eph;thfk; kw;Wk; re;ijg;gLj;jy; 1,005 1,247
cw;gj;jp 1,150 990
ghJfhg;G 493 445
2,648 2,682
19.3 xg;ge;j kw;Wk; rkah rka Copah;fs; 144 150
20. %yjd nrytpdj;jpw;fhd flg;ghLfs;
2009 2008
&gh kpy;. &gh kpy;.
mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l njhif
nrythd njhif 31.12.2008 tiu
vhpnghUs; ju Kd;Ndw;wk; kw;Wk; fsQ;rpa trjpfs; - Rj;jpfhpg;G 358.000 213.425
Miyapd; gpujhd ,ae;jpuj; njhFjp (rpWrpW jpUj;jq;fs;) 248.441 44.302
NtW %yjd nrytpdk; 26.761 25.000
jiyik mYtyf Gjpa fl;bl epHkhzpg;G 592.465 810.000
vz;nza; epug;Gk; epiyaq;fspd; eph;khzk; 114.334 420.900
1,340.001 1,513.627
75
gj;jhz;Lg; nghopg;G
gUkdhd nghUl;fspd; cs;Sh; tpw;gidfs;
&gh kpy;ypad; 2000 2001 2002* 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
(m) ngWkjp
ngw;Nwhy; 14,614.
769
16,258.637 18,514.426 22,461.268 28,761.366 28,633.662 36,677.342 46,579.620 66,433.726 60,055.135
Xl;Nlh Bry; 35,674.
876 48,472.452 52,668..931 52,084.773 74,520.990 78,104.774 92,474.65 113,737.174 151,070.451 119,046.261
RgBry; 1,342.6
37 1,904.453 1,902.580 1,698.721 1,711.525 725.,285 349.805 467.764 885.249 866.145
kz;nzz;nz
a; 4,432.6
54 5,512.753 5,938.386 5,683.438 7,775.135 11,430.279 13,209.914 12,459.330 14,000.051 9,754.538
#is
vz;nza; 6,932.9
05 11,836.009 15,126.837 16,238.84 20,135.761 30,165.885 36,421.645 43,941.105 66,220.151 33,157.145
nkhj;jk; 83,984.30 94,151.16 98,167.04 132,904.703 149,059.89 179,133.352 217,184.993 298,609.628 222,879.224
(M) njhif - Mapuk; nkl;wpf; njhd;fs;
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
ngw;Nwhy; 224.400 249.500 286.100 337.900 350.300 334.100 367.600 382.100 383.747 415.667
Xl;Nlh Bry; 1,683.800 1,624.900 1,728.300 1,523.000 1,583.300 1,330.100 1,335.300 1,449.700 1,371.323 1,427.328
RgBry; 46.700 49.00 46.900 39.500 31.600 11.700 4.700 5.400 7.188 8.548
kz;nzz;nza; 229.100 227.800 228.800 184.600 171.800 178.000 196.600 168.500 151.308 150.690
#is
vz;nza;
736.700 748.800 757.600 648.300 771.700 972.800 911.100 985.200 994.545 1,095.733
nkhj;jk; 2,920.700 2,900.000 3,047.700 2,733.300 2,908.700 2,826.700 2,815.300 2,990.90 2,908.111 3,097.966
76
(,) ngw;Nwhypa nghUl;fspy; rpy;yiw tpw;gid tpiyfs;
(jpnrk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthwhd xU yPl;lUf;F &ghtpy; nfhOk;G fs tpiy)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
RgHngw;Nwhy; 50.000 50.000 49.000 53.000 70.000 80.000 95.000 92.000 120.000 115.000
Xl;Nlh Bry; 24.500 26.500 30.000 32.000 44.000 50.000 92.000 60.000 70.000 73.00
RgBry; 18.500 29.800 31.800 35.300 49.300 55.300 65.300 65.3 85.300 88.300
kz;nzz;nza; 18.400 17.400 24.000 25.500 25.500 30.500 48.000 48.000 50.000 51.000
#is vz;nza;
-1000 nrf; 14.600 16.500 21.200 23.200 24.700 31.400 44.400 44.400 33.900 34.900
-1500 nrf; 14.000 15.800 20.700 22.300 24.300 30.300 43.300 43.300 31.700 32.700
-3500 nrf; 12.400 14.100 18.900 20.700 22.000 28.000 41.000 41.000 25.000 26.000
tUkhdk; kw;Wk; nryT
&gh kpy;ypad;fs; 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
thp fopj;j gpd;duhd nkhj;j tUkhdk;
63,159.000 74,351.000 80,114.000 85,900.000 121,540.000 161,852.000 196,767.000 238.364 341.670 236,332.000
KjyPl;by; ,Ue;J tUkhdk;
181.000 120.000 1118.000 162.000 - - - - - -
tpw;gidf; fpuak; 70,688.000 62,734.000 67,211.000 75,471.000 106,750.000 144,501.000 187,231.000 221,724.000 338,514.000 233,250.000
ntl;Lf;FWf;F -7,529.000 11,617.000 12,903.000 10,429.000 14,789.000 17,350.000 9,536.000 16,641.000 1,835.038 3,082.000
mrhjhuz tplaq;fs;
- - - 2,530.000 - - - - - -
tl;b mlq;fyhf Ntiy kw;Wk; jhgd nrytpdq;fs;
8,714.000 10,178.000 6,765.000 5,715.000 10,344.000 7,510.000 7,621.000 12,657.000 16,570.000 15,424.773
jpiwNrhpf;F toq;fg;gl;l kz;nzz;nza; cjtp kw;Wk; NtW thpfs;
- - - - - - - - - -
thpf;F Kd;duhd ,yhgk;/ (el;lk;)
-16,062.00 1,559.00 9,786.00 4,874.00 4,445.00 9,840.00 -1,915.00 3,984.00 (14,735.000) (12,342.640)
77
gj;jhz;Lg; nghopg;G
&gh
kpy;ypad;fs;
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
<LgLj;jpa
%yjdk;
%yjdk; 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000
xJf;fq;fs; (16,221.800) (15,039.400) (8,589.100) (2,253.800) 1,984.100 11,673.400 10,065.900 12,567.800 (2,416.400) (14,716.686)
ePz;l jtizg;
nghWg;Gfs;
3,012.700 4,787.000 6,644.600 8,476.500 7,699.900 19,113.400 16,705 13,728.200 10,908.400 32,779.058
gzpf;nfhil
Vw;ghL
462.200 482.800 424.900 556.800 700.400 377.400 514.300 541.400 566.500 735.200
nkhj;jk; (11,746.900) (8,769.600) (519.600) 7,779.500 11,384.400 32,164.200 28,285.400 27,837.400 10,058.500 -
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;
jpaJ
epiyahd
nrhj;Jf;fs;
eilKiwNtiy
cs;slq;fyhf
5,905.400 7,630.200 10,844.700 4,504.400 4,450.700 4,512.700 4,460.900 4,374.600 4,624.000 5,041.000
KjyPL 316.200 338.700 57.800 2,173.800 2,176.100 2,535.600 2,553.100 2,546.900 2,541.900 2,541.900
Njwpa eilKiwr;
nrhj;Jf;fs;
(17,968.500) (16,738.500) (11,422.100) (1,101.300) 4,757.600 25,115.900 21,271.500 20,915.900 2,892.600 12,214.672
nkhj;jk; (11,746.900) (8,769.600) (519.600) 5,576.900 11,384.400 32,164.200 28,285.500 27,837.400 10,058.500 19,797.572
78
fhRg; gha;r;ry; $w;wpd; nghopg;G
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
nraw;ghl;L
eltbf;iffspy
; ,Ue;jhd
fhRg; gha;r;ry;
(13,920.000) 4,495.757 7,310.655 4,874.194 4,444.837 9,839.809 (1,915.029) 3,984.181 (14,735.028) (12,342.640)
mrhjhuzkhd
tplaq;fs;
- -
2,529.832
- - - - - - -
fhR efh;T
rk;ge;jg;glhj
tplaq;fSf;fh
d rPuhf;fq;fs;
537.928 604.449
529.412
988.365 776.807 841.682 1,431.845 1,928.200 1,922.024 4,986.477
ciog;G
%yjd
tplaq;fspyhd
khw;wq;fSf;F
Kd;duhd
nraw;ghl;L
,yhgk;/
(el;lk;)
(13,382.072) 5,100.206 10,369.899 5,862.559 5,221.644 10,681.491 (483.184) 5,912.381 (12,813.004) (7,356.162)
njhopw;gL %yjdj;jpyhd khw;wq;fs;
,Ug;Gfspyhd (mjpfhpg;G) / FiwT
3,367.729 1,845.314 (3,099.970) 1,844.676 (5,157.403) (4,066.365) (9,184.440) (13,321.526) 8,673.831 5,962.155
tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida ngwNtz;ba itfspd; (mjpfhpg;G) / FiwT
(197.361) (2,143.290) 711.285 (384.386) 789.614 (3,434.619) (2,852.640) (13,098.772) (32,409.849) (9,365.376)
tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida nrYj;j Ntz;baitfspd; (mjpfhpg;G) / FiwT
22,289.402 (3,215.520) (4,571.558) (1,792.170) 2,862.133 (1,838.767) 11,099.326 23,813.340 39,946.795 57,438.630
fop: gzpf;nfhil/ nrYj;jg;gl;l thp kw;Wk; tl;b
(2,264.633) 3,250.230) (2,788.440) (617.268) (880.768) (2,072.717) (5,613.107) (3,268.480) (4,625.380) (4,871.602)
79
nraw;ghl;L
eltbf;iffsp
y; ,Ue;jhd
fhR
KjyPl;L
eltbf;iffsp
y;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;l
fhR
3,077.607 (1,663.520) 621.216 4,913.411 2,835.220 (730.977) (7,034.045) 36.943 (1,227.607) 41,807.644
epjp
eltbf;iffsp
y;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;l
fhR
(1,217.353) (2,173.473) (1,899.240) (3,421.404) 246.165 317.925 662.033 1,165.988 40.605 (308.564)
epjp
eltbf;iffsp
y; ,Ue;jhd
/(cgNahfpf;fg;
gl;l) fhR
715.698 1,797.652 2,069.996 1,880.885 1,050.684 13,020.883 (2,478.143) (3,326.039) (1,001.410) (21,339.77
0)
fhR kw;Wk;
fhrpw;Fr;
rkdhditfsp
d; Njwpa
(FiwT)/mjpfhp
g;G
2,575.952 (2,039.341) 791.972 3,372.892 4,132.069 12,607.831 (8,850.155) (2,123.108) (2,188.412) 20,159.310
Mz;bd;
Muk;gj;jpy;
cs;s fhR
kw;Wk;
fhrpw;Fr;
rkdhditfs;
(507.723) 2,068.229 28.888 820.860 4,193.752 8,325.821 20,933.652 12,083.497 9,960.389 7,771.977
Mz;bd;
,Wjpapy;
cs;s fhR
kw;Wk;
fhrpw;Fr;
rkdhditfs;
2,068.229 28.888 820.860 4,193.752 8,325.821 20,938.652 12,083.497 9,960.389 7,771.977 27,931.287
80
gj;jhz;Lg; nghopg;G
ntspehl;Lg; gzg; ghpth;j;jid Cjpaq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdTfs;
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
tpkhd
Nghf;Ftuj;J
vhpnghUs;
tpw;gidfs;
ntspehl;L
tpkhd Nritfs;
m.nlh.kpy;
40.900 31.100 32.400 48.300 57.000 77.420 84.540 75.280 104.747 54.795
Neub Vw;Wkjpfs;
m.nlh.kpy;
27.600 16.500 13.100 - 7.000 - 23.090 - -
nkhj;j
m.nlh.kpy;
68.500 47.600 45.500 48.300 64.000 77.420 107.630 75.280 104.747 54.795
&gh rkd; 5,545.900 3,561.500 3,977.700 350.800 6,458.500 7,159.010 8,714.050 8,264.680 11,262.986 6,298.137
,wf;Fkjpf; fpuak;
krF vz;nza;
m.nlh.kpy;
489.100 353.900 408.000 431.000 597.000 747.200 1,028.500 1,023.000 1,330.902 964.925
Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l
vz;nza;
m.nlh.kpy;
303.500 304.000 286.000 300.000 464.000 653.000 761.300 996.000 1,449.394 774.937
nkhj;j
m.nlh.kpy;
792.600 657.900 694.000 731.000 1,061.000 1,400.200 1,789.800 2,019.000 2,780.296 1,739.862
ruhrhp krF (C&F)
tpiy
mnk.nlh/Bbl
28.270 24.670 25.000 29.290 37.380 52.140 65.070 71.970 97.645 63.48
ruhrhp ghptj;jid
tpfpjk; 1 m.nlh.
= &gh
77.270 89.620 96.340 96.420 101.900 100.530 103.960 111.490 108.330 114.94
81
Vida Kfhikj;Jt jfty;fs;
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
th;j;jf
KbTfs;
tUkhdk; 75,865.800 95,103.188 105,001.924 111,389.486 135,351.978 174,554.976 211,012.846 253,344.379 358,002.116 257,508.193
thpf;Fg; gpd;duhd ,yhgk;/ (el;;lk;)
(16,062.100) 1,169.310 9,986.088 4,874.194 3,907.862 7,710.890 (946.220) 2,862.337 (14,952.518) (12,343.64)
<LgLj;jpa nrhj;;Jf;fs;
Mjd> ,ae;jpuj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs;
5,905.500 7,630.244 10,844.721 4,504.432 4,450.672 4,512.448 4,460.920 4,374.649 4,624.068 5,041.139
njwpa eilKiwr; nrhj;Jf;fs;
(17,968.500) (16,738.531) (12,165.676) (6,785.125) (2,728.739) 17,763.403 14,519.333 15,138.460 (2,585.377) 7,323.200
nkhj;jk; (12,063.000) (9,108.287) (1,320.955) (2,280.693) 1,721.933 22,275.851 18,980.253 19,513.109 2,038.691 12,364.339
<LgLj;jpa epjp
%yjdk; 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000 1,000.000
xJf;fk; (16,221.800) (15,039.418) (8,588.861) (2,253.785) 1,984.126 11,673.455 10,065.946 12,557.400 (2,416.400) (147,716.700)
nkhj;jk; (15,221.800) (14,039.418) (7,588.861) (1,253.785) 2,984.126 12,673.455 11,065.946 13,557.400 (1,416.400) 13,716.700)
%yjdr; nrytpdk;
(1,408.973) (2,306.025) (4,001.341) (5,255.000) (255.000) (78.000) (255.000) (242.680) - -
Copah;fspd; ciog;G
Ntjdk; 1,538.068 1,620.893 1,496.242 1,461.006 1,201.357 986.434 1,221.585 1,429.796 1,668.718 1,815.765
kpifA+jpak; 122.590 125.804 112.884 186.671 101.931 84.739 129.689 149.007 211.852 240.061
jyh xU CopaUf;fhd tUlhe;j ruhrhp ciog;Gfs; (&gh 000’)
227.550 243.510 224.863 759.298 531.530 419.410 461.188 538.657 664.043 736.327
Copah; vz;zpf;if
7,298 7,173 7,156 2,170 2,452 2,540 2,930 2,931 2,832 2,792
82
epjp tpfpjq;fs;
<LgLj;jpa
%yjdk; kPjhd
tUtha; tpfpjk;
- - - - 130.900 60.840 (15.770) 21.100 - -
tUtha; Gus;T
tpfpjk;
- 21.000 14.650 5.670 3.220 4.760 (0.870) 1.200 (4.38) (5.22)
fld;gl;NlhH
Gus;T tpfpjk;
0.040 0.050 0.030 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.090 0.130 0.19 0.31
epiyahd
nrhj;Jf;fspd;
Gus;T
jlitfs;
10.690 9.780 7.390 19.070 27.310 35.870 44.450 53.430 78.10 55.50
KbTg; nghUs;
,Ug;G Gus;T
jlitfs;
0.060 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.070 0.060 0.090 0.090 0.065 0.064
eilKiw
tpfpjk;
jlitfs;
0.460 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.920 1.480 1.330 1.220 0.977 1.057
jput tpfpjk;
jlitfs;
0.210 0.230 0.240 0.450 0.530 1.000 0.740 0.640 0.69 0.86
tl;bf; fhg;G
tpfpjk;
- 1.470 9.910 9.960 6.780 8.810 0.350 1.280 (4.73) (2.60)
83
jiytH
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk;
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;;jpd; 2009 brk;gh; 31 ,y; Kbtile;j
Mz;bd; epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; kPJ 1971 ,d; 38 Mk; ,yf;f epjp mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpd;
14 (2) (rP) gphptpd; gpufhuk; fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik mjpgjpapd; mwpf;if
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;;jpd; 2009 brk;gh; 31 ,y; Kbtile;j
Mz;bw;fhd epjpf;$w;Wf;fspd; fzf;fha;T 1971 ,d; 38 Mk; ,yf;f epjp
mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpd; 13(1) Mk; gphpTld; Nrh;j;J thrpf;fg;gLk; ,yq;if rdehaf
Nrhryprf; FbauR murpayikg;gpd; 154 (1) Mk; cWg;Giuapd; Vw;ghLfSf;F
mika vdJ gzpg;gpd; fPo; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,f; fzf;fha;it
Nkw;nfhs;ifapy; nghJj; njhopw;Jiwapy; <LgLk; XH gl;laf;
fzf;fhsHfspdhy; vdf;F cjtpaspf;fg;gl;lJ. epjp mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpd; 14(2)(rP)
gphptpd; gpufhuk; epWtfj;jpd; Mz;lwpf;ifAld; gpuRhpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd ehd;
fUJk; vdJ fUj;JiufSk; mtjhdpg;Gf;fSk; ,e;j mwpf;ifapy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. epjp mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpd; 13 (7) (V) gphptpd; gpufhuk; tphpthd
mwpf;ifnahd;W 2010 A+d; 23 Mk; jpfjp $l;Lj;jhgdj; jiytUf;Fr;
rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
fzf;fha;thsH jiyik mjpgjp jpizf;fsk ;
AUDITOR GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT
vdJ ,y
My No Vy;gP/B/rPgPrP/vg;V/09
ckJ ,y
Your No.
jpfjp
Date 2010 nrg;njk;gH 29
Date
Rje;jpu rJf;fk;>
nfhOk;G 07> ,yq;if
INDEPENDENCE SQUARE,
COLOMBO 07, SRI LANKA
gf;]; ,y 2697451
Fax No.
njhiyNgrp 2691151
Telephone
Telephone.
<- nkapy; oaggov@sltnet.lk
E-mail.
84
1.1 epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; njhlHghd Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd;; nghWg;Gfs;
,e; epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; ,yq;if fzf;fPl;l epakq;fSf;F ,zq;f
jahhpf;fg;gl;L epahakhf rkHg;gpf;fg;gLtJ Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd;
nghWg;ghFk;. Nkhrb my;yJ jtWfspd; fhuzkhf Vw;glf;$ba Nghjpa
jtwhd $w;Wf;fspy; ,Ue;J tpLgl;l epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; jahhpf;fg;gLtJ
kw;Wk; epahakhfr; rkhg;gpf;fg;gLtjw;F chpa cs;sff; fl;Lg;ghLfis
jpl;lkply;> mKyhf;fy; kw;Wk; nraw;gLj;jy;> nghUj;jkhd fzf;fPl;Lf;
nfhs;iffisj; njhpT nra;J gpuNahfpj;jy;> re;jHg;gq;fSf;F cfe;j
tifapy; epahakhf fzf;fPl;L kjpg;gPLfisj; jahhpj;jYk; ,g;
nghWg;gpy; cs;slq;Ffpd;wJ.
1.2 fzf;fha;tpd; Nehf;nfy;iy kw;Wk; mgpg;gpuhaj;jpw;fhd mbg;gil
vd;Dila fzf;fha;tpd; mbg;gilapy; epjpf;$w;Wf;fspd; kPJ
mgpg;gpuhak; njhptpg;gJ vdJ nghWg;ghFk;. ,t;twpf;ifapYs;s
fzf;fha;T mgpg;gpuhak;> fUj;Jiufs;> fhz;Gfs; vd;gd
fzf;fha;tpw;Fr; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;l epjpf;$w;Wf;fspd; kPsha;tpdJk;>
nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspd; khjpupfspd; NghjpasT nrt;it ghu;j;jypdJk;
mbg;gilapy; vOe;jdNtahFk;. mt;thwhd kPsha;tpdJk;> nrt;it
ghu;j;jypdJk;> Nehf;nfy;iyAk; msTk; vdf;Ff; fpilf;fg;ngw;w
gjtpapdu;> Vida tsq;fs;> Neuk; vd;gtw;wpd; tiuaiwf;Fl;gl;L
,aYkhdsT tpupthdnjhU fzf;fha;T cs;slf;fj;ijf; nfhz;ljhff;
fhzg;gl;lJ. epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; nghUz;ikahd gpwo;$w;Wf;fs; mw;wit
vd;gjw;fhd cWjpg;ghl;ilg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sj;jf;f tifapy;
fzf;fha;thdJ ,yq;iff; fzf;fha;T epakq;fs;> Kiwfs;>
eilKiwfs; vd;gtw;wpw;fika Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jJ. epjpf;
$w;Wf;fspYs;s njhiffisAk; ntspg;gLj;jy;fisAk; Mjhug;gLj;;
jj;jf;f rhd;Wfisg; guprPypj;jy;> epjpf;$w;Wf;fisj; jahupj;jypy;
Kfhikj;Jtj;jhy; gpd;gw;wg;gl;l fzf;fPl;Lf; nfhs;iffisAk;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f kjpg;gPLfisAk; kjpg;gha;T nra;jy;> mtw;wpd; xl;L
nkhj;jkhd ntspg;gLj;jy;fspd; kjpg;gPL vd;gtw;wpidf; fzf;fha;T
cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. vdJ fzf;fha;T Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf mtrpakhdnjd
vdJ rpwe;j mwptpw;Fk; ek;gpf;iff;Fk; njd;gl;l rfy jfty;fisAk;
tpsf;fq;fisAk; ehd; ngw;Wf;nfhz;Nld; vd;Wk; vdJ mgpg;gpuhaj;jpw;F
85
epahakhd mbg;gilia vdJ fzf;fha;T toq;fpAs;snjd;Wk; ehd;
ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. 1971 ,d; 38 Mk; ,yf;f epjp mjpfhur; rl;lj;jpd; 13 Mk;
gpuptpd; (3) kw;Wk; (4) Mk; cg gpupTfs; fzf;fha;tpd;
Nehf;nfy;iyiaAk; msitAk; epu;zapg;gjw;F fzf;fha;thsu;
jiyik mjpgjpf;F jw;WzpG mjpfhuj;ij toq;Ffpd;wd.
2. epjpf;$w;Wf;fs;
2.1 mgpg;gpuhak;
,e;j mwpf;ifapy; fhzg;gLk; vdJ fUj;Jiufspw;Fk;
mtjhdpg;Gf;fspw;Fk; mika fzf;fha;tpw;fhfr; rkh;gpf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if
ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgj;jpd; 2009 brk;gh; 31 ,y; Kbtile;j
Mz;bw;fhd epjpf;$w;Wf;fs; kPJ xU mgpg;uhaj;ijj; njuptpf;f
KbahJs;Nsd;.
2.2 epjpf; $w;Wf;fs; kPjhd fUj;Jiufs;
2.2.1 ,yq;if fzf;fPl;L epakq;fs; (,.f.ep)
gpd;tUk; mtjhdpg;Gfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
(m) 2009.01.01 Mk; jpfjpapypUe;J mKyhFk; tifapy;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F t/g ,yq;ifg; ngw;Nwhypaf; fsQ;rpa
jpUg;GKid fk;gdpapd; (rPgPv];hPvy;) 1/3 gq;Ffis 2009.10.21 ,y;
nghJj; jpiuNrhp khw;wpapUe;jJ. ,jd; tpisthf ,yq;ifg;
ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; nkhj;jg; gq;F chpik
rPgPv];hPvy;ypd; gq;Ffspd; 2/3 gq;fhf mjpfhpj;jpUe;jJ.
$l;Lj;jhgdk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fspy; ,e;jg; gq;Fkhw;wj;ij
ntspg;gLj;jpapUf;fhjJld; ,.f.ep.26-xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l Gwk;ghd
epjpf; $w;Wf;fs;> My; Ntz;lg;gl;lthW xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l epjpf;
$w;Wf;fisj; jahhpj;jjpUf;ftpy;iy.
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Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lthW> $l;Lj;jhgdk; Ie;njhifj;
86
jpfjpapYs;sthW jPh;khdpf;fg;glNtz;ba nrhj;Jf;fs;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; njhif nghUl;gLj;jf;$bastpy; epahakhd
ngWkjpapypUe;J NtWgltpy;iy vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
kPs;kjpg;gPL nra;jpUf;ftpy;iy. NkYk; Kw;whfg; ngWkhdj;Nja;T
nra;ag;gl;lJk; $l;Lj;jhhdj;jpj;jhy; ,d;dKk; njhlh;e;J
gad;gLj;jg;gLtJkhd &gh 619.6 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd
nrhj;Jf;fs; kPs; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;L fzf;Ffspw;Ff;
nfhz;Ltug;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.
(,) thbf;ifahsupd; tFg;gpd; gb $l;Lj;jhgdj;Jldhd ngw;Nwhypa
th;j;jfj;jpd; ,lh; kw;Wk; ngWiffs; tpj;jpahrg;ggLfpd;wd.
vdNt ,.f.ep.28 – gq;Fghf mwpf;ifapy; Ntz;lg;gl;lthW
gpuptply; gFg;gha;Tfs; tUkhdk;> tpw;gidf; fpuak; kw;Wk; nkhj;j
,yhgk; vd;gtw;wpw;fhd thbf;ifahshpd; tFg;gpd; mbg;gilapy;
gpuptply; jfty;fs; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk;> gphptplw;
jfty;fs; Ntz;lg;gl;lthW epjpf;$w;Wf;fspy; Kiwahf
ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.
,J rk;ge;jkhf 2010 [{iyapy; jiyth; gpd;tUkhW vdf;F
mwptpj;jpUe;jhh;.
Jz;lhf;fy; mwpf;ifaplypd; Nehf;fkhdJ njhopy; Kaw;rp
my;yJ thbf;ifahshpd; tpj;jpahrkhd tFg;Gf;fs; my;yJ
cw;gj;jpfs; tpw;fg;gLk; tpj;jpahrkhd g+fw;g gpuNjrq;fs;
vd;gtw;wpd; cw;gj;jpfs; kw;Wk; Nritfspd; tpj;jpahrkhd
tiffisg; gw;wpa jfty;fis toq;FtjhFk; ,e;j Jz;lhf;fy;
jfty;> epjpf;$w;Wf;fisg; gad;gLj;JNthUf;F gpd;tUkhW
cjTfpd;wJ.
- njhopy; Kaw;rpapd; fle;jfhy nrayhw;wiy tpsq;fpf;
nfhs;s
- ,lh; kw;Wk; ntFkjpfis kjpg;gPLnra;a
- njhopy; Kaw;rpia KOtjhf jPh;g;G toq;Fk; mjpfkhd
mwptpj;jiy Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F.
87
,.f.ep- 28 ,d; gb> ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk;
tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;l cw;gj;jpfspd; njhFjp kw;Wk;
,yhgj;jd;ik> tsh;r;rpf;fhd re;jh;g;gq;fs; kw;Wk; ,lh;fs;
vd;gtw;wpd; tpj;jpahrkhd tPjq;fspw;fika thbf;ifahshpd;
tFg;G vd;gtw;iw toq;Ffpd;wJ. ,J ,.ng.$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;
,lh; kw;Wk; tUthia kjpg;gPL nra;a mDkjpf;fpd;wJ. ,.f.ep 28
xUnjhopy; Kaw;rp vg;NghjhtJ nghUe;jf; $batifapy; cs;sf
mwpf;ifaply; Kiwikapd; mbg;gilapy; gq;Fghfj;jpd;
,dq;fhz;gij Ntz;Lfpd;wJ.
xU gq;Fghfj;jpw;fhd nghUl;gLj;jf;$ba Muk;gk;> mbg;gilapy;
nkhj;jtUkhdk;> ,yhgk; my;yJ nrhj;Jf;fspd; 10% MFk;.
vdpDk; ,J> kpfTk; cs;slf;Fk; gapw;rpahFk;. Rj;jpfhpf;Fk;
cw;gj;jpfisf; fUj;jpw;nfhs;Sk;NghJ Rj;jfhpf;Fk; nrad;Kiw
nghJthd nrhj;Jf;fspd; nghWg;G kw;Wk; mNj cs;sPl;Lg;
nghUl;fs; tpj;jpahrkhd Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l cw;gj;jpfisg;
ngWtjpy; gq;Fnfhs;fpd;wd. Mifapdhy; Gwk;ghd nrhj;Jf;fs;>
nghWg;Gf;fis ,dq;fhzy; rhj;jpag;glf;$bajy;y. vdNt>
,.ng.$l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; toq;fg;gl;l gq;Fghf jfty;>
njhopw;ghl;bd; jd;ikahff; fUj;jpw;nfhs;Sk;NghJ ,.f.ep 28
cld; ,zq;fpajhFk;.
(<) nfhs;tdTf; fpuaj;ijj; jPh;khdpg;gjpy; $l;Lj;jhdk;>
mjpfhuq;fsplkpUe;J mwtplg;gl Kbahj Fwpj;j rpy thpfis
cs;slf;ftpy;iy. NkYk;> &gh 2.9 kpy;ypadhd tpsk;guf; fpuak;
cw;gj;jpf; fpuaj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;bUe;jJld; ,e;jf;
fzf;fPl;Lj;jPh;T ,.f.ep 05 – gjpNtl;Lg; nghUl;fis
kPwpajhFnkd mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.
(c) ,.f.ep. 41 nrhj;Jf;fspd; ,opepiyahy; Ntz;lg;gl;lthW>
$l;Lj;jhgdk; jdJ nrhj;Jf;fspw;fhf ,opT Rl;bfis
,zq;fhd;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd eilKiwfis
mKy;gLj;jpapUf;ftpy;iy. ,.f.ep. 41 cldhd ,e;j ,zq;fhik
fhuzkhf &gh 9>200 kpy;ypadhd Mjdk;> nghwpj; njhFjp
kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fspd; nfhz;Ls;s njhif mtw;wpd;
mwtplf;$ba njhifAld; xg;gplg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.
88
2.2.2 njhlh;e;jpaq;Fk; jd;ik
$l;Lj;jhgdk; kPsha;thz;by; &gh 11>480 kpy;ypad; el;lj;ij (thpr;
nrk;ikahf;fy; ,d;wp) mile;jpUe;jJld; &gh 13>716 kpy;ypadhd
vjph;kiwahd %yjd epiyiaf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. Mifapdhy;> ,yq;if
murhq;fk; kwWk; Vida epjp epWtdq;fsplkpUe;jhd epjp cjtpapy;yhJ
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; jpwikapy; njhlh;e;J ,aq;Fk; jd;ikapy; njhlh;tJ
Iaj;jpw;fplkhdjhFk;.
2.2.3 fzf;fPl;Lf; FiwghLfs;
gpd;tUk; fzf;fPl;Lf; FiwghLfs; fzf;fha;tpy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld.
(m) nghJthd fzf;fPl;L topfhl;bfs;> kw;Wk; fzf;fPl;L
epakq;fspd;gb nghUl;fspd; ngsjPf khw;wj;ijr; rk;ge;jg;gLj;jhJ
nfhs;tdTfs; thq;FNthUf;F ,lh; kw;Wk; ntFkjpfs;
khw;wg;gLk;NghJ gjpTnra;ag;gLfpd;wd. nghUl;fis ,wf;Fkjp
nra;Ak; tplaj;jpy; nfhs;tdTfis mq;fPfhpj;jpy; thh;ehkj; jpfjp
kw;Wk; tpiyaply; Kiwik vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapyhFk;. ,.ng.
$l;Lj;jhgd tplaj;jpy; krF vz;nza; kw;Wk; Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l
cw;gj;jpfs; njhlh;ghd fhg;GWjp ,.ng.$. My; nra;ag;gLtJld;
nfhs;tdTfs; njhlh;ghd rfy ,lh;fs; kw;Wk; ntFkjpfs;
fg;gy; khYkpahy; nghUl;fs; ifNaw;wfg;gLk;NghJ
khw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. mjhtJ mJ thh;ehkj; jpfjpahFk;. vdpDk;>
thh;ehkj;jpfjp 2009 brk;gh; 24 ,y; ,Ue;j &gh 8>700 kpy;ypad;
njhifahd krF vz;nza; nfhs;tdTfs; kPsha;thz;bd;
nfhs;tdTfshf fUjg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;W mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.
(M) $l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; thlif tUkhdk; &gh 1.8 kpy;ypadhy;
Fiwj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;bUe;jik mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.
(,) &gh 8>700 kpy;ypadhd ,ilg;Nghf;fpYs;s. nghUl;fs; (krF
vz;nza;) fzf;Ffspy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.
89
(<) yq;fh Ngh;d]; vz;iz (vy;vt;X) 800 ,d; vhpnghUspd; ,Wjp
,Ug;G jtwhd kjpg;gPL fhuzkhf &gh 66.6 kpy;ypadhy;
mjpfhpj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;bUe;jJ. mjd; tpisthf nfhs;tdTfs;
kw;Wk; fld;nfhLj;Njhh; mNj rknjhifahy; Fiwj;Jf;
fhl;lg;gl;bUe;jJ.
2.2.4 fpilf;f Ntz;ba kw;Wk; nfhLgl Ntz;ba fzf;Ffs;
gpd;tUk; mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
(m) 2009 brk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthW &gh 20.4 kpy;ypad; &gh 1>544.9
kpy;ypad; 20.8 kpy;ypad; kw;Wk; &gh 3>478.9 kpy;ypadhd epYit
kPjpfisf; nfhz;l KiwNa ,uz;L tpkhd Nghf;Ftuj;J xg;ge;j
thbf;ifahsh;fs; ,uz;L jdpahh; thbf;ifahsh;fs;> ehd;F
tpahghhpfs; kw;Wk; ehd;F murhq;f epWtdq;fs;
vd;gtw;wplkpUe;J tq;fp cj;juthjq;fis $l;Lj;jhgdk;
ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy. NkYk;> $l;Lj;jhgdk;> tpahghhpfs; jdpg;gl;l
thbf;ifahsh;fs; vd;NghUf;F mth;fspd; tq;fp
cj;juthjq;fis tpQ;rp &gh 626.6 kpy;ypad; $l;Lnkhj;jf;fld;
trjpfis toq;fpapUe;jik mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.
(M) 2009 brk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthW ,yq;if kpd;rhu rigaplkpUe;J
epYitahf cs;s njhif &gh 46>320 kpy;ypadhFk;. ,e;jj;
njhifapy; 88% xU Mz;Lfhyj;jpw;F Nkyhf epYitapYs;sJ.
mNjNeuk;> ,yq;if kpd;rhu rigaplkpUe;J fpilf;fNtz;ba
&gh 998 kpy;ypadhd kPjp njhlh;gpy; Kuz;ghbUe;jJ.
2.2.5 fzf;fha;tpw;fhd rhd;Wfspd;ik
epjpf;$w;Wf;fspYs;s gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl;lthW
Ntz;lg;gl;l rhd;Wfspd;ikahy; fzf;fha;tpy; jpUg;jpfukhfr; rhd;WWjp
nra;a Kbatpy;iy.
(m) xg;ge;jfhuh;fspd; nfhLg;gdTfs;> Copah;fspd; tUkhdthp>
ciof;Fk; NghJ nrYj;Jk; thp kw;Wk; kphp[;[nty nraw;jpl;lk;
90
njhlh;ghd Vida nfhLglNtz;baitfs; vd;gtw;wpw;fhf
Kd;ida Mz;Lfspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l &gh 479 kpy;ypadhd
epjp Vw;ghL xt;nthU Mz;Lk; epjpf;$w;Wf;fspd; njhlh;e;J
fhl;lg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. vdpDk;> rk;ge;jg;gl;l tpguq;fs;
fzf;fha;tpw;Fj; jug;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. NkYk;> ,e;j epjpVw;ghL
Ie;njhifj; jpfjpapYs;sthW kPsha;T nra;ag;gl;bUf;fhjJld;
,.f.ep 36 - Vw;ghLfs;> epfoj;jf;f nghWg;Gf;fs;> kw;Wk;
epfoj;jf;f rpwe;j kjpg;gPl;ilg; gpujpgypf;Fk; tifapy;
rPuhf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.
(M) &gh 487 kpy;ypad; njhifahd ehdhtpj tpepNahfq;fs;
njhlh;ghd Nghjpa Mtzr;rhd;Wfs; vJTk; mtw;wpd; rhpahd
jd;ik kw;Wk; g+uzj;jd;ikia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F
jug;gltpy;iy.
(,) rGf];fe;j rpwpa jpUg;GKidf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd &gh 67 kpy;ypad;
ngWkjpahd fhzpapd; chpj;Jilik cWjpfisr; rkh;g;gpf;f
$l;Lj;jhgdk; jtwpapUe;jJ.
(<) &gh 55.5 kpy;ypad; $l;Lnkhj;jkhd KjyPLfspd; cs;sjd;ik
kw;Wk; mwtPl;Lj; jd;ik vd;gtw;iw Nghjpa rhd;Wfspd;ikahy;
cWjpg;gLj;j Kbatpy;iy.
(c) Kj;Juh[ ntyapYs;s &gh 259 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd 25 Vf;fh;
fhzp NgNul;by; nrhj;jhff; fhl;lg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdpDk; fhzpapd;
chpj;Jilikia ];jhgpg;gjw;fhd chpj;J cWjpNah my;yJ
Mtzq;fNsh ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
(C) Mjdk;> nghwpj;njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fspd; fPo; fhl;lg;gLk;
2002 brk;gh; 31 ,w;F Kd;dh; nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gl;l nrhj;Jf;fs;
njhlh;ghf Nghjpa rhd;WfnsJTk; jug;gltpy;iy. ,jd;
tpisthf me;jr; nrhj;Jf;fspd; chpj;Jilik> cs;sjd;ik
kw;Wk; g+uzj;jd;ik vd;gtw;iw fzf;fha;tpy; jPh;khdpf;f
Kbatpy;iy.
(v) tpahghu kw;Wk; Vida fpilf;f Ntz;baitfspd; fPo;
cs;slf;fg;gl;l murhq;fj; jpizf;fsq;fs; kw;Wk;
Kfth;fsplkpUe;J fpilf;fNtz;ba &gh 8>096 kpy;ypad; njhif
91
njhlh;ghf cWjpg;gLj;jy;fs; ngwg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. mjd;
tpisthf mj;jifa kPjpfspd; g+uzj;jd;ik> cs;sjd;ik
kw;Wk; mwtPl;L epiy vd;gtw;iw fzf;fha;tpy; jpUg;jpfukhf
rhd;WWjp nra;aKbatpy;iy.
(V) nghJj; jpiwNrhpaplkpUe;J fpilf;f Ntz;baJk; tpahghu kw;Wk;
Vida fpilf;fNtz;baitfspd; fPo; cs;slf;fg;gl;lJkhd &gh
714 kpy;ypad; njhifahd fyhy; thpapd; mwtPl;Lj;jd;ikiaj;
jPh;khdpg;gjw;fhd Nghjpa rhd;Wfs; jug;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.
2.2.6 rl;lq;fs;> tpjpfs;> gpukhzq;fs; kw;Wk; Kfhikj; jPh;khdq;fSld;
,zq;fhik.
fzf;fha;tpy; gpd;tUk; ,zq;fhikr; re;jhg;;gq;fs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld.
rl;lq;fs;> tpjpfs;> gpukhzq;fs;
kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jt
jPh;khdq;fspw;fhd njhlh;G
,zq;fhik
--------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
(m) 1983 ,d; 12 Mk; ,yf;f
gzpf;nfhil nfhLg;gdT
mjpfhur; rl;lk;
mjpfhur;rl;lj;jpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg; gl;lthW xU
Copahpd; Nrit KbTWj;jg;gl;ljpypUe;J 30
ehl;fspw; fpilapy; gzpf;nfhil nrYj;jg;
gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. NkYk;> $l;Lj;jhgdk;
mj;jifa jhkjf; nfhLg;gdTfspw;fhd
kPifawtPl;ilr; nrYj;jpapUf;ftpy;iy.
(M) 2002 ,d; 14 Mk; ,yf;f
ngWkjp Nrh; thp mjpfhur;
rl;lk;.
$l;Lj;jhgdk; tpiyg;gl;bay; mbg;gilapy;
ntspaPl;L ngWkjpNrh; thpia
fzpg;gpl;bUe;jJld; fhR mbg;gilf;fhd
mDkjpiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;shJ fhR
mbg;gilapy; cs;sPl;L ngWkjpNrh; thpiaf;
NfhupapUe;jJ. NkYk;> $l;Lj;jhgdk;>
cs;sPl;Lg; ngWkjpNrh; thpiaf; NfhUtjw;F
92
nfhLg;gdT Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;tiu fhj;jpUf;f
Ntz;bapUg;gjhy; mJ njhopw;gL
%yjdj;ijg; ghjpf;fpd;wJ.
(,) 2003 A+d; 02 Mk; jpfjpa
gP<b/ 12/ Mk; ,yf;f nghJ
Kaw;rpfs; jpizf;fs Rw;W
epUgk;
-----------------------------------------------------
(i) ge;jp 3.2 $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; gpujhd tplakhfpa
ngw;Nwhypaj;Jiwapy; Fiwe;jJ xU
mq;fj;jtiuahtJ $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;
gzpahsh; rig nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy.
(ii) ge;jp 6.1 kPsha;thz;bw;fhd tiuG
Mz;lwpf;if fzf;fha;thsh;
jiyik mjpgjpf;F
rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.
(iii) ge;jp 6.5 epjp Mz;L Kbtile;j gpd;dh; 60
ehl;fspw;fpilapy; fzf;fha;thsh;
jiyik mjpgjpf;F tiuT Mz;Lf;
fzf;Ffs; mDg;gg;glNtz;Lk;.
vdpDk; xU g+uzj;Jtkw;w tiuT
Mz;Lf; fzf;Ffs; 2010 khh;r; 17
,y; fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik
mjpgjpf;F rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
(iv) ge;jp 8.3.5 xJf;fg;gl;l Nkhl;lhh; thfdq;fspw;F
jFjpaw;w cj;jpNahfj;jh;fspw;F
Rw;Wep&g mwpj;JiufSf;F Kuzhf
gzpg;ghsh; rig my;yJ jiythpd;
mDkjpAld; Nkhl;lhh; thfdq;fs;
xJf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. mjd; gpufhuk;
93
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; 08
cj;jpNahfj;jh;fpspw;F 2009 ,y;
kl;Lk; vhpnghUs; kw;Wk;
gpuahzg;gbfshf &gh 1.8 kpy;ypad;
nrYj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ.
mj;jifa xJf;fg;gl;l Nkhl;lhh;
thfdq;fspw;fhd vhpnghUs;
vy;iyfs; gzpg;ghsh; rigapdhNyh
my;yJ jiythpdhNyh
jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.
mjw;F Nkyhf> jiyth; Fwpj;j rpy
cj;jpNahfj;jh;fspw;F mth;fspd;
tjptplq;fs; kw;Wk; mYtyfj;jpw;
fpilapy; jkJ jdpg;gl;l Nkhl;lhh;
thfdq;fspy; gpuahdk; nra;tjw;fhf
xU khjj;jpw;F 100 -120 tiuahd
yPw;wh; vhpnghUspd; ngWkjpapd;
kPsspg;Gf; Nfhupf;iff;F mDkjp
toq;fpapUe;jhh;.
(v) ge;jp 8.7 $l;Lj;jhgdk; jdJ nrhe;j
epjpf;fspy; ,Ue;J Rw;WepUg
mwpTWj;Jiufspw;F Kuzhf
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Copah;fspw;fhf
c.Ngh.nr.thpiar; nrYj;jpapUe;jJ.
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; 2000 njhlf;fk;
2009 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpf;fhf
mt;thW nrYj;jg;gl;l c.Ngh.nr.thp
&gh 777 kpy;ypadhFk;. mjw;;F
Nkyhf $l;Lj;jhgdk; c.Ngh.nr
thpf;fhd thp kPjhd thpia
nrYj;jpapUe;jJ. NkYk; 2008 kw;Wk;
2009 Mk; Mz;Lfspy;
94
kpifa+jpakhfr; nrYj;jg;gl;l
KiwNa &gh 147 kpy;ypad; kw;Wk;
&gh 148 kpy;ypadhd njhiffs; kPJ
c.Ngh.nr.thp
nrYj;jg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.
(<) 1998 khh;r; 12 Mk; jpfjpa
130 Mk; ,yf;f nghJ
Kaw;rpfs; jpizf;fs
Rw;WepUgk;.
gjtpazpapdhpd; fld;fs; kPjhd
tl;b tPjk; nghJj;jpiwNrhpapd;
mq;fPfhukpd;wp 7.2 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 4.2
rjtPjkhf Fiwf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
kPsha;thz;bd; NghJ Fiwthf
mwtPLnra;ag;gl;l njhif &gh 32
kpy;ypadhf ,Ue;jJ. ,J rk;ge;jkhf
jiyth; gpd;tUkhW vdf;F
mwptpj;jpUe;jhh;. fld; tl;b Fiwj;jy;
mur Jiw Copah;fSld;
rkkhf;fg;gLtjw;fhf 1999 Mk;
Mz;by; gzpg;ghsh; rigahy; nfsut
mikr;rUldhd MNyhridapd;
gpd;dh; mKyhf;fg;gl;lJ.
(c) nfhs;if mgptpUj;jp
mKyhf;fy; mikr;rhpdhy;
toq;fg;gl;l 1990 ngg;uthp
19 Mk; jpfjpa fbjk;.
jdpahh; rl;lj; juzpfspd; Nritfs; rl;lkh
mjpgjpapd; Kd; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;shJ
cah;e;j tPjj;jpy; ngwg;gl;bUe;jJ>
kPsha;thz;by; jdpahh; rl;lj;juzpfspw;F
mt;thW nrYj;jg;gl;l njhif &gh 5
kpy;ypadhf ,Ue;jJ.
2.2.7 Nghjpa mjpfhuj;jpdhy; Mjhug;gLj;jg;glhj nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs;
2003 a+d; 02 Mk;jpfjpa gP<b/12 Mk; ,yf;f nghJ Kaw;rpfs;
jpizf;fs Rw;Wep&gj;jpd; gb> gzpg;ghsh; rigahy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l
kpifA+jpaf; nfhLg;gdT $l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l
,yhgj;jpypUe;Nj Nkw;nfhs;sg;glNtz;Lk;. vdpDk; $l;Lj;jhgdk; 2008
kw;Wk; 2009 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; ,yhgj;ij cUthf;fhJ KiwNa &gh
147 kpy;ypad; kw;Wk; 148 kpy;ypad; njhifahd kpifA+jpaj;ijr;
nrYj;jpapUe;jJ.
95
3. epjprhh; kw;Wk; nraw;ghl;L kPsha;T
3.1 epjprhh; kPsha;T
3.1.1 epjprhh; tpisTfs;
rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l epjpf;$w;Wf;fspd;gb> kPsha;thz;bd; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;
nraw;ghLfs; tpistpj;jpUe;j &gh 11>480 kpy;ypadhd thpf;F Kd;duhd
Njwpa el;lj;ij Kd;ida Mz;bw;fhd &gh 14>735 kpy;ypad; thpf;F
Kd;duhd Njwpa el;lj;Jld; xg;gplyhk;. mJ epjprhh; tpisTfspy; &gh
3>255 kpy;ypadhd Kd;Ndw;wj;ijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
3.1.2 epjprhh; tpisTfs; kw;Wk; epjp epiyikapd; gFg;gha;T uPjpahd kPsha;T
gpd;tUk; mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
(m) kPsha;thz;bd; KbtpYs;s jput tPjkhff;fhl;lg;gl;l 1.06
jlitfs; Kd;ida Mz;bd; 0.98 jlitfSld; xg;gpLk;NghJ
Nky;Nehf;fpa rpW Nghf;iff;fhl;ba mNjNeuk; kPsha;thz;by;
Kbtpy; mrpl;nu];l; tPjk; 0.86 jlitfspypUe;J 0.69 jlitfshf
rPh;nfl;bUe;jJ.
(M) gpd;tUk; gFg;gha;T kPsha;thz;bd; njhopw;gL %yjd
Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd; eype;j nrayhw;wYf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;.
(i) fld;gl;Nlhh; Gus;T tPjk; Kd;ida Mz;bd; 6.75
jlitfSld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 3.9 jlitfisf; fhl;baJld;
fld; Nrfhpg;Gf; fhyk; Kd;ida Mz;bd; 83 ehl;fSld;
xg;gpLk;NghJ 119 ehl;fshf mjpfhpj;jpUe;jJ.
(ii) ,Ug;G jq;Fk; fhyk; Kd;ida Mz;bd; 39
ehl;fspw;nfjpuhf 45 ehl;fshf ,Ue;jik 06 ehl;fs;
mjpfhpg;igf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
(iii) fld;nfhLj;Njhh; Gus;TtPjk; Kd;ida Mz;bz; 7.52
jlitfSld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2.52 jlitfisf; fhl;baJld;
fld;jPh;f;Fk; fhyk; Kd;ida Mz;bd; 49 ehl;fSld;
xg;gpLk;NghJ 144 ehl;fshf mjpfhpj;jpUe;jJ.
96
(iv) njhopw;ghl;L Row;rp Kd;ida Mz;bd; 44
ehl;fspw;nfjpuhf 20 ehl;fshf ,Ue;jik 24 ehl;fspd;
mjpfhpg;igf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
(,) kPsha;thzb;d; fld; %yjdk; chpik %yjdj;jpd; rjtPjkhf
Kd;ida Mzb;d; 3.996% cd; xg;gpLifapy; 302% Mf ,Ue;jJ.
(<) kPsha;thzb;d; nkhj;j ,yhg vy;iy Kd;ida Mzb;d; 0.92%
cld; xg;gpLifapy; 1.73% Mf mjpfhpj;jpUe;jJ.
(c) <LgLj;jg;gl;l %yjd tUtha;tPjk; 2008 kw;Wk; 2009 ,y;
vjph;kiwahd Nghf;iff; fhl;baJ.
(C) nkhj;jr; nrhj;Jf;fspd; tUtha;tPjk; Kd;ida Mz;bd; 8.18%
vjph;kiwAld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 7.79% Md vjph;kiwahf ,Ue;jJ.
3.2 nraw;ghl;L kPsha;T
3.2.1 nrayhw;wy;
gpd;tUk; mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
(m) vy;gP vhpthA tpw;gid njhlh;ghf tiuaWf;fg;gl;l yhg; fh];
(jdpahh;) fk;gdpf;Fk; ,yq;ifg; ngw;Nwhypaf;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;FkpilNa ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;l cld;gbf;if 2006
xf;Njhgh; 20 ,y; fhyhtjpahfpapUe;jJ. vdpDk;> $l;Lj;jhgdk;
cld;gbf;if ifr;rhj;jplhky; njhlh;e;Jk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l yhg;
fh]; (jdpahh;) fk;gdpf;F vy;gP vhpthAit toq;fptUfpwJ.
gjpyhf vhpthA toq;fy; ngw;Nwhypaf; ifj;njhopy; mikr;ruhy;
nfhLf;fg;gl;l xU fbjj;jpd;gb njhle;e;J tUfpd;wJ. NkYk;>
$l;Lj;jhgdk;> 2008 Mk; Mz;bYk; vhpthA tpahghuj;jpy; <Lgl
jpl;lkpl;bUe;jJ. vdpDk;> tiuaWf;fg;gl;l yhg; fh]; (jdpahh;)
fk;gdp $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;nfjpuhf vhpthA toq;fiy epWj;Jk;
rhj;jpakhd tof;nfhd;iwj; njhlh;e;jpUe;jJ. cah; ePjpkd;wk;>
97
2009 khh;r; 30 ,y; cld;gl;lthW tiuaWf;fg;gl;l yhg; fh];
(jdpahh;) fk;gdpf;F vhpthA toq;fiyj; njhlUkhW
$l;Lj;jhdj;jpw;F gzpg;Giu tpLj;jpUe;jJ.
(M) Nfhhpf;ifahsh;fs; Nfs;tp nghUshjhu rhj;jpaj;ij kjpg;gha;tpy;
filg;gpbf;fg;gLk; Njrpa Kftuhz;ikahy; mikf;fg;gl;l Nfs;tp
eilKiwfs;/ epge;jidfSld; ,zq;fpajhf Nghl;bj;
jd;ikahd Nfhhpf;if mbg;gilapypUf;f Ntz;Lk;. xU Nfs;tp
Nghl;bj;jd;ikahf ,Uf;fNtzLnkdpy; xU Nfs;tpf;F
xd;Wf;FNkw;gl;l Nfhhpf;iffspUf;f Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk;> &gh 6>290
kpy;ypad; $l;Lnkhj;jkhd %d;W Nfs;tpfs; xU Nfhhpf;ifAld;
kl;LNk jPh;hkhdpf;fg;gl;bUe;jik mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.
,J njhlh;ghf jiyth; gpd;tUkhW vdf;f mwptpj;jpUe;jhh;.
2008 brk;gh; njhlf;fk; 2009 etk;gh; tiuahd fhyj;jpy; krF
vz;nza; kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfspd; nfhs;tdTfs; xU
ePjpkd;wf;fl;lisapd; fPo; nghJj; jpiwNrhpahy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jJld; krF vznza; kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhypa
cw;gj;jpfspd; nfhs;tdTfs; vd;gd Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l cw;gj;jp
tiuaWf;fg;gl;likahy; ehl;bd; mtruj; Njitf;fhf
jPh;khdpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. ,e;j epiyikapy; jdp xU tpiyNfhuy;
$l fUj;jpw;nfhs;sg;glNtz;Lk;.
(,) $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; rpy cw;gj;jpfs; cw;gj;jpf; fpuaj;ijtplf;
Fiwe;j tpiyapy; tpw;fg;gl;bUe;jd. me;j el;lj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;
cw;gj;jpfs; ngUe;njhifahd Njwpa el;lj;jpw;Fk; mNjNghy;
kPsha;thzb;d; ,Wjpapy; cs;sthwhd $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;
vjph;f;fzpa %yjd epiyikf;Fk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT gq;fspg;G
nra;jpUe;jJ. tpguq;fs; fPNo jug;gLfpd;wd.
cw;gj;jp tpw;gidg;
ngWkjp
&gh. kpy;
tpw;gidf;
fpuak;
&gh.kpy;
nkhj;j
,yhgk;
(el;lk;)
&gh.kpy;
2009 Mk; Mz;L
Kbtpy; Njwpa
,yhgk;
98
-------------- -------------- -------------- -----------------------------
vhpnghUs; vz;nza; 3500 (rf;jp) 7>350 12>466 (5>116) 2009 jpnrk;gh; 31 ,y;
Kbtile;j
Mz;bw;fhd Njwpa
el;lk; &gh 11>940
kpy;ypadhf
,Ue;jJld; rf;jp
cUthf;f vhpnghUs;
vz;iz &gh 14>901
kpy;ypad; nkhj;j
el;lj;jpf;F gq;fspg;Gr;
nra;jpUe;jJ.
vhpnghUs; vz;nza; 1500 (rf;jp) 14>402 24>227 (9>825)
vhpnghUs; vz;nza;
(Vidait)
5>665 7>507 (1>842)
tptrha ,urhadq;fs; 179 197 (18)
Nrhy;ntd;w; 135 145 (10)
vy;gP[P 1>485 1>523 (38)
kz;nzz;nza; 9>754 10>379 (625)
vy;Vb(gq;fhpq;) 64 74 (10)
vhpnghUs; vz;nza; (gq;fhpq;) 51 126 (75)
3.2.2 nfl;[pq; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; gzpg;ghsh; rigf; Fwpg;Gf;fspd;gb> rh;tNjr kj;jpa];j
,yz;ld; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; kj;jpa];j tprhuizfs; elj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.
gy;NtW th;j;jf tq;fpfSld; nra;Jnfhs;sg;gl;l nfl;[pq; xg;ge;jq;fs;
njhlh;ghd kj;jpa];j tprhuizfspy; xU jug;gpduhf $l;Lj;jhgdk;
fye;Jnfhs;fpwJ. rh;tNjr kj;jpa];j ,yz;ld; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; ,e;j
tpuhrizfspd; jPh;khdj;jpy; jq;fpapUf;Fk; $l;Lj;jhgdk; vJtpj
tpisTg; nghWg;igAk; fUj;jpw;nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. NkYk; ,j;jifa
#o; epiyapd; fPo;yhd nghWg;ig Rje;jpukhf cWjpnra;tjw;F
,ayf;$batifapy; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs; njhlh;ghd tpguq;fis
$l;Lj;jhgdk; rkh;g;gpj;jpUf;ftpy;iy. NkYk;> ,e;j xg;ge;jq;fspypUe;J
vof;$ba rfy nghWg;Gf;fisAk; $l;Lj;jhgdk; Nghjpastpy;
fUj;jpw;nfhz;bUe;jjh vd;W fzf;fha;tpy; jpUg;jpaila Kbatpy;iy.
,J rk;ge;jkhf jiyth; gpd;tUkhW vdf;F mwptpj;jpUe;jhh;.
2009 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd fz;fha;tpd; NghJ cah; ePjpkd;w tof;Ffs;
eilngw;Wf;nfhz;bUe;jd. ePjpkd;w tof;Ffs; KbAk;tiu vJtpj
99
,ufrpa jfty;fisAk; ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;Lnkd;W nfsut rl;lkh
mjpgjpaplkpUe;J gzpg;Giufs; fpilj;jpUe;jJ.
3.2.3 $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; tsq;fs; Vida murhq;f epWtdq;fshy;
gad;gLj;jg;gLjy;
nghUj;jkhd mjpfhuj;jplkpUe;jhd mDkjpapd;wpAk; 2003 a+d; 02 ,d;
gP<b/12 Mk; ,yf;f nghJKaw;rpfs; Rw;WepUgj;jpy; cs;s
gzpg;Giufis kWjypj;Jk; xd;gJ Nkhl;lhh; thfdq;fs; ,uz;L
murhq;f epWtdq;fspw;F tpLtpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJld; 18 Copah;fs; VO
murhq;f epWtdq;fspw;F tpLtpf;fg;gl;bUe;jdh;.
3.2.4 ,dq;fhzg;gl;l el;lq;fs;
gpd;tUk; mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
(m) vjph;fhyj;jpy; mj;jifa tpahghuj;jpid Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
Nehf;Fld; 2008 Vg;uypy; $l;Lj;jhgdk; xU jdpahh; fk;gdpf;$lhf
gq;fhpq; tpahghu cld;gbf;ifiar; nra;jpUe;jJ.
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd;gb> tpahghuj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpy; re;ijapy; Vida
Nghl;bahsh;fSld; Nghl;bapLtjw;fhd tpj;jpahrkhd
je;jpNuhghaq;fisf; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;bapUe;jikahy; #o;epiy
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F rhjhfkhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Mifapdhy; 2008
Vg;uy; njhlf;fk; 2008 brk;gh; tiuahd fhyj;jpy; $l;Lj;jhgdk;
xU jdpahh; fk;gdpf;F Fiwe;j tpiyapy; vhpnghUis
tpw;wpUe;jJld; mjd; tpisthf $l;Lj;jhgdk; mz;zsthd
el;lkhf KiwNa &gh 85.2 kpy;ypad; kw;Wk; &gh 125
kpy;ypaid gq;fhpq; tpahghuj;jpypUe;J mile;jpUe;jJ.
(M) jw;Nghija eilKiw kw;Wk; rPgPv];uPvy; cld; cld;gl;l epajp>
epge;jidfspd;gb> $l;Lj;jhgdk;> tpahghhpfsplkpUe;J ];yhg;
100
Mf Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l njhiff;F Nkyjpfkhf rPgPv];uPvy; ,w;F
kPsspg;Gr; nra;jpUe;jJ. $l;Lj;jhgdk; ];yhg;ig cs;slf;fpa
tpw;gid epiya mNjapl tpiyapd; mbg;gilapy; tpahghhpfs;
juif fzpg;gPL nra;jpUe;jJ. rPgPv];uPvy; ,w;fhd ];yhg;
nfhLg;gdTfs; rPgPv];uPvy; ,dhy; jahhpf;fg;gl;l cz;ikahd
khjhe;j Efh;T mwpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; fzpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ.
,e;j eilKiwapdhy;> $l;Lj;jhgdk; 2009 brk;gh; 31 ,y;
Kbtile;j Mz;by; &gh 11.1 kpy;yadhd mz;zythd
el;lj;ij mile;jpUe;jJ.
(,) kPsha;thz;by; $l;Lj;jhdk; 19>502>631 yPw;wh;fs; tpkhd Nuigd;
vhpnghUis ,yq;if kz;nzz;nza;ahf Fiwj;Jj;
jug;gLj;jpaikahy;> ,e;j ,uz;L cw;gj;jpfspw;fpilapy; xU
yPw;wUf;F &gh 18.65 Md ruhrhp tpiy tpj;jpahrk;
,Ue;jikahy; &gh 1>039 kpy;ypadhd el;lj;ij mile;jpUe;jJ.
(Kd;ida Mz;L el;lk; &gh 2>071 kpy;ypadhFk;)
(<) $l;Lj;jhgdk; kPsha;thzb;y; kz;nzz;nza; tpw;gidapypUe;J
&gh 624 kpy;ypadhd nkhj;j el;lj;ij mile;jpUe;jJ.
(Kd;ida Mz;bd; nkhj;j el;lk; &gh 4>971 kpy;ypadhFk;)
(c) ngsrh;fs; kw;Wk; ghutz;bfs; Clhf vhpnghUs; tpepNahfk;
kw;Wk; bg;Nghf;fs; kw;Wk; jpUg;Gikaq;fspy; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;
vd;gdtw;wpy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba njhopw;ghl;L el;lj;jpw;fhf
mikf;fg;gl;l epaknkJTk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. $l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy;
filg;gpbf;fg;gl;l eilKiw cs;sPl;L krF vz;nza;f;fhf 5
rjtPjj;jpy; nrhe;jg; ghtid kw;Wk; nrad;Kiw el;lkhf
mDkjpj;jYk; ,uz;L epiyaq;fspw;fpilapy; xt;nthU
khw;wj;jpw;fhfTk; Mtpahjy; el;lj;jpw;fhf 0.5 rjtPj;jpy;
mDkjpj;jYk; MFk;. vdpDk;> 2009 Mk; Mz;by; Mtpahjy;>
nrad;Kiw njhopw;ghL kw;Wk; ,Ug;Gf; ifahs;jy; cw;gj;jp
khw;wq;fs; Kjypad njhlh;ghf &gh 576 kpy;ypadhd el;lk;
Vw;gl;bUe;jnjd mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.
101
3.2.5 Kfhikj;Jt jpwikapd;ikfs;
gpd;tUk; mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
(m) ,e;jpad; Xapy; fk;gdpapd; ($l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; ghhpa ifj;njhopy;
Nghl;bahshpd; jha;f;fk;gdp) cjtpAld; t/g ,yq;if
ngw;Nwhypak; fsQ;rpag;GLj;Jk; jpUg;Gikaj;jpdhy; (rPgPv];uPvy;)
mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l Kaw;rp ts jpl;lkply; (<Mh;gP)
Kiwikf;fhd $l;Lj;jhgd juT mbg;gilia ,izg;gjpy;
cs;s Mgj;jpd; Kiwahf kjpg;gha;ntJTk; $l;lj;jhgdj;jhy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. ,e;j Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf $l;Lj;jhgdk; jdJ
tsq;fspd; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f njhifia <LgLj;jNtz;b
Vw;gl;likahy; ,e;j Kiwik xUq;fpizg;gpDhlhf vof;$ba
gpd;tpistpd; Kiwahd kw;Wk; Mokhd gFg;gha;T> Kaw;rpts
jpl;lkply; Kiwik vd;w fsj;jpYs;s epGzh;fspd; cjtpAld;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;glNtz;Lk;. NkYk;> ,e;j nraw;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;
mjid mKyhf;Ftjd; Kd;dh; mth;fspd; rkk;ge;jg;gl;l
nghWg;Gf;fs; njhlh;ghf $l;Lj;jhgdk; rPgPv];uPvy; kw;Wk; vy;IXrP
vd;gtw;wpw;fpilapy; cld;gbf;ifNah my;yJ Ghpe;Jzh;T
rhrdNkh (vk;Xa+) ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;W mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.
rPgPv];uPvy; ,dhy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lNtz;ba <Mh;gP
KiwikAld; xj;jtifapypUf;fNtz;ba $l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; jdJ
cgfuzq;fs; Kjypatw;iw juKah;j;Jtjw;F nra;ag;gl;l
%yjd kw;Wk; kdpjtsq;fspd; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f nryTj;njhif
ftdj;jpy;nfhz;L xU Kw; ghJfhg;G eltbf;ifahf
cld;gbf;if rhrdk; nra;Jnfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
(M) $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Kj;Juh[nty jhq;fpg; gz;izapYs;s 4rP>1b
kw;Wk; 14 Mk; ,yf;f Kidfs;; njhopy;El;g NfhshW fhuzkhf
njhopw;gltpy;iy. vdpDk;> $l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; ,e;j Kidfis
jpUj;Jtjw;fhd eltbf;if vJTk; vLf;fg;gltpy;iy.
(,) ehzaf; fbjq;fis epWTjypy; jhkjq;fs; fhuzkhf &gh 20.3
kpy;ypadhd JiwKf jhkjf; fl;lzq;fis $l;Lj;jhgdk;
nrYj;jpUe;jJ.
102
(<) gy;NtW njhFjpfspy; $l;Lj;jhgdk; &gh 2>556 kpy;yadhd ghhpa
KjyPLfis Nkw;nfhzb;Ue;jJ. vdpDk; 2009 brk;gh; 31 ,y;
cs;sthW me;j KjyPLfspypUe;J tUkhdnkJTk;
cUthf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.
(c) tpw;gidg; NgNul;bd;gb> $l;Lj;jhgdk; Gus;tpd; mbg;gilapy;
ngWkjpNrh; thpiar; nrYj;jpapUe;jJ. vdpDk; tpw;gidg;
NgNul;bd; gbahd $l;Lnkhj;jj; njhiff;Fk; ngWkjpNrh; thpj;
jpul;bd; gbahd $l;Lnkhj;jj; njhif;Fkpilapy; &gh 550
kpy;ypadhd tpj;jpahrk; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. NkYk;> ngWkjpNrh;
thp nfhLg;gdTfs;/ ngwNtz;baitfis fz;fhzpg;gjw;fhf
xU Kiwahd fzf;fpzf;fg; nghwpKiw
eilKiwapypUf;ftpy;iy vd;W mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.
(C) njhopy;El;g kjpg;gha;Tf; FOtpd; rpghh;rpw;nfjpuhf rpy ruf;Ffis
Kfhikj;Jtk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. rk;ge;jg;gl;l Nfhitiag;
ghprPypj;jNghJ njhlh;G gl;l cw;gj;jptpiyapd; khjhe;j ruhrhpapy;
fzpg;gplg;gl;l tpiyapdbg;gilapy; toq;FdUf;F $l;Lj;jhdk;
nrYj;jpapUe;jik ntspg;gl;lJ. vdpDk;> rg;ge;jg;gl;l Nfhitapy;
fpilj;j njh.E.k. FOtpd; mwpf;if thh; ehkj; jpfjpf;F
Kd;dUk; gpd;dUKs;s ,uz;L ehl;fspd; ruhrhp tpiyia
gad;gLj;JkhW rpghh;R nra;jpUe;jJ. njh.E.k.FOtpd; rpghh;ir
myl;rpag;gLj;jpa fhuzj;jhy; $l;Lj;jhgdk; &gh 52.3 kpy;ypaid
Nkyjpfkhf nrYj;jpapUe;jJ.
(v) gytUlq;fshf> eilKiwapy; Nghl;bj;jd;ikahd Nfs;tpr;nrad;
Kiwapd;gb krF vz;nza;ia Vw;wpapwf;Ftjw;fhd fk;gdpiaj;
njhpTr;nra;tjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jptUfpd;wJ. vdpDk;> $l;Lj;jhgdk;>
epiyahd tpiyapy; Fwpj;j rpy fhyj;jpw;fhf ,uz;L fg;gy;
nrhe;jf;fhuh;fSld; kl;LNk cld;gbf;if ifr;rhj;jpl;bUe;jik
mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. Mifahy;> fg;gy; Nghl;bj;jd;ikahd
Nfs;tpapy; njhpT nra;ag;gl;bUe;jhy; fpilj;jpUf;ff;$ba
ed;ikfs; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F kWf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. NkYk;>
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;Fr; rhjfkhf ,Ue;j ntspj;jpUk;gy;
103
el;lq;fspw;Fk; Ke;jpa Nfs;tp epge;jidfs; trjpaspj;jpUe;jJ.
vdpDk;> me;jr; nrhy;yg;gl;l Nfs;tp epge;jid
jpUj;jg;gl;bUe;jJld; ntspj;jpUk;gy; el;lq;fspd; ,lj;jpw;F fg;gy;
nrhe;jf;fhuh;fs; ntspj;jpUk;gy; el;lq;fspw;F cld;glhjikahy;>
,ilg;Nghf;F el;lq;fspw;F cld;ghL fhzg;gl;lJ.
(V) $l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l &gh 1>140 kpy;ypad;
ngWkjpahd cah; ry;gh; vhpnghUs; vz;nza; – 1500 ,d; 20>000
nkw;wpf;njhd; gOjile;jJld; mJ ehl;bd; Rje;jpukhd rf;jp
cw;gj;jpahsh;fis ntFthfg; ghjpj;jpUe;jJld; ,J rk;ge;jkhf
,.ng.$l;Lj;jhgdk; rl;lkh mjpgjpUld; MNyhrpj;jpUe;jJ.
vhpnghUs; msTfs; kw;Wk; cah; ry;th; vhpnghUs; vz;nza;
1500 ,d; ,wf;Fkjpf;fhf mikf;fg;gl;l Nfs;tp epge;jidfs;
vd;gd Nkw;gb #o;epiyapy; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpw;F rhjhfkhf
mikatpy;iy vd;gJ rl;lkh mjpgjpapd; mgpg;gpuhakhf
cs;sJld;> toq;FdUf;nfjpuhf rl;l eltbf;if vLj;jy;
gztpuakhf KbAk;. vdNt> ,e;jf; Fwpj;j toq;Fdhpd; gjpit>
,uj;Jr; nra;tnjd;W gzpg;ghsh; rig jPh;khdpj;jpUe;jJ.
(I) 2003 ,y; ,yq;if murhq;fk; kw;Wk; $l;Lj;jhgdk; vd;gd yq;fh
,e;jpad; vz;nza;f;fk;gdpAld; (vy;IX) nra;J nfhs;sg;gl;l
cld;gbf;ifapd;gb> rPdf;Flh epWTjy; njhlh;ghd tplaq;fs;
kw;Wk; cilikiaf; ifNaw;gJ njhlh;ghf $l;Lj;hgdk;
fsQ;rpa trjpfs; kw;Wk; epyj;ij vy;IXrpf;F Kg;gj;ije;J
tUlfhy Fj;jifapy; tpl cld;gl;bUe;jJld; cld;ghl;bypUe;J
06 khjq;fspw;fpilapy; Fj;jif cld;gbf;if
epiwNtw;wg;glNtz;Lk;. vdpDk;> $l;Lj;jhgdk; Fj;jif
cld;gbf;if vjidAk; Nkw;nfhs;shjpUe;jJld; vy;IXrP My;
2003 ngg;uthpapypUe;J trjpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;j NghjpYk;
,e;j fsQ;rpa trjpiag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf vy;IXrP ,lkpUe;J
chpa Fj;jif thliffnsJTk; fpilj;jpUf;ftpy;iy.
104
3.2.6 nrhj;Jf;fs; Kfhikj;Jtk;
gpd;tUk; nrhj;Jf;fs; mit Rtpfhpf;fg;gl;l fhyj;jpypUe;J gad;ghbd;wp
tplg;gl;bUe;jd.
nrhj;jpd; jd;ik fUj;Jiufs;
------------------------------- -------------------------
(m) tdhj;jKy;iy -
fy;f`Fk;Gw
fhzp
,e;jf; fhzp vy;gP vhpthA nraw;jpl;lk; kw;Wk;
tpisahl;L ikjhdk; vd;gtw;wpd;
Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf &gh 10.6 kpy;ypadpw;F
RtPfhpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdpDk;> Mf;fpukpg;Gf;fs;
fhuzkhf mJ gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.
mjw;FNkyhf> ,e;jf; fhzp 1973 Mk;
Mz;bypUe;J rl;ltpNuhj FbapUg;ghsh;fshy;
rl;l tpNuhjkhf FbapUg;gpw;Fg;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jJld; jw;NghJ ,e;jf;
fhzpapy; 623 FLk;gq;fs; FbapUf;fpd;wd vd;W
mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.
(M) kfhN`dfhzp fpilj;j fbjj; njhlh;Gfspd; gb> ,e;jf;
fhzpapd; RtPfhpg;gpw;fhf $l;Lj;jhgdk; &gh 0.625
kpy;ypaid nrYj;jpapUe;jJ. vdpDk;> ,e;jf;
fhzp $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; gjpNtLfspy;
fzf;fplg;gl;bUf;fhjJld; 1986 Mk;
Mz;bypUe;J Kd;ida nrhe;jf; fhuuhy;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;LtUfpd;wJ.
105
3.2.7 kdpj ts Kfhikj;Jtk; (vr;Mh;vk;)
Kj;Juh[nty jpUg;Gikaj;jpYs;s ghJfhg;G cj;jpNahfj;jh;fspw;fhf
vOj;J%y Row;rpKiw epak fhynkJTk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. xU ghJfhg;G
cj;jpNahfj;jh; kl;LNk ngsrh;fspy; vhpnghUs; epug;gpa gpd;dh;
xt;nthU ngsrhpdJk; msitg; ghpNrhjpf;Fk; xU eguhf cs;shh;.
3.2.8 njspthd xOq;fPdq;fs;/ xOq;fw;w nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs;
Kd;ida vdJ fzf;fha;T mwpf;iffspy; fhl;lg;gl;lthW xU
Copah;fs; eyd;Ghp rq;fk; (,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgd fld;
rq;fk;) fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
jtizf; fl;lzq;fspypUe;J nraw;gl;LtUfpd;wJ. ,J rk;ge;jkhf
gpd;tUk; mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
(m) $l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; jd;dstpNyNa nra;jpUf;ff;$ba
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; kUj;Jtj;jpl;lj;ij mKyhf;Ftjw;fhf
kPsha;thz;by; ,e;jr; rq;fj;jpw;F &gh 40.2 kpy;ypad; njhif
tpLtpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. Nkw;gb cjTnjhif xt;nthU CopaUf;Fk;
mth;fspd; khjhe;j rk;gsj;Jld; ntspNehahsh; rpfpr;iria
<Lnra;tjw;fhf nfhLf;fg;gLk; Mz;bw;F &gh 3>000 Md
kUj;Jtg;gbf;F Nkyjpfkhf rq;fj;jpw;Fr; nrYj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ.
(M) 2009 brk;gh; 31 ,y; cs;sthW $l;Lj;jhdj;jpd; epjpfspypUe;J
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jhy; rq;fj;jpd; mq;fj;jth;fspw;F toq;fg;gl;l
fld;fspy; epYitahf ,Ue;j kPjp &gh 20.7 kpy;ypadhf
,Ue;jJld; rq;fj;jplkpUe;J tl;b tUkhdkhf &gh 2.2
kpy;ypad;njhif fpilj;jpUe;jJ.
106
3.2.9 $l;Lj;jpl;lk;
$l;Lj;jhhdj;jpd; $l;Lj;jpl;lk;> 2003 a+d; 02 Mk; jpfjpa gP<b/12 Mk;
,yf;f nghJ Kaw;rpfs; Rw;W epUgj;jpd; gpufhuk; tUlhe;jk; kPsha;T
nra;ag;gl;L ehsJtiuahf;fg;gltpy;iy. mj;Jld;> mJ xt;nthU
epjpahz;Lk; Muk;gpg;gjw;F Fiwe;jJ 15 ehl;fspw;F Kd;dh; mikr;R
nghJ Kaw;rpfs; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; fzf;fha;thsh; jiyik
mjpgjpf;F mDg;gg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. NkYk;> 2007 – 2011 kw;Wk; 2009 –
2013 tiuahd fhyq;fspw;Fhpa $l;Lj;jpl;lq;fs; fzf;fha;thsh;
jiyik mjpgjpf;F mDg;gg;gltpy;iy.
3.2.10 ghjPl;Lf; fl;Lg;ghL
kPsha;thz;bw;fhd ghjPL kw;Wk; cz;ikahd tUkhdk; kw;Wk;
nrytpdj;jpw;fpilapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tpj;jpahrq;fs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lik>
ghjPlhdJ Kfhikj;Jtf; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; xU jhf;fkhd fUtpahf
gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. vd;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
4. Kiwikfs; kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghLfs;
fzf;fha;tpd; NghJ mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l FiwghLfs; mt;tg;NghJ
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; ftdj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;Ltug;gl;ld. gpd;tUk; fl;Lg;ghl;Lg;
gug;Gf;fs; njhlh;ghf tpNrl ftdk; Nfhug;gLfpd;wJ.
107
(m) Mjdk;> nghwpj; njhFjp kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs;.
(M) fld;gl;Nlhh; kw;Wk; Vida ngwNtz;baitfs;
(,) tpahghu fld; nfhLj;Njhh; kw;Wk; Vida nfhLgl
Ntz;baitfs;
(<) n`l;rpq; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs;
(c) thptpjpg;G
(C) fzf;fPL
(v ) rl;lq;fs;> tpjpfs; Kjypatw;Wld; ,zq;Fjy;
(V) KjyPLfs;
(I) gjpNtl;Lg; nghUl;fs;
(x) tsq;fspd; gad;ghL
(X) kdpj tsKfhikj;Jtk;
(xs) ghjPL
xg;gk; : vr;.V.v];. rkutPu
gjpy; fzf;fha;thsu; jiyik mjpgjp
108
RUf;f tbtq;fs ;
Avn - tpkhd Nghf;Ftuj;J
Bbl - gPg;gh
bps - mbg;gilg; Gs;spfs;
BTR - nghUl;njhFjp; khw;wk;
CEB - ,yq;if kpd;rhu rig
CIF - fg;gNyw;Wk; ruf;fpd; fpuaf; fhg;GWjp
CPC - ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk;
EPF - Copah; Nrkyhg epjpak;
ETFB - Copah; ek;gpf;if epjpar; rig
FIFO - Kjy; te;jit Kjy; ntspNa
FOB - jyj;jpy; ,ytrkhf
FOREX - me;epa nryhtzp
GOSL - ,yq;if murhq;fk;
ICPA - rh;tNjr $l;LwT/ ngw;Nwhypa rq;fk;
Int - tl;b
CPSTL - tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa fsQ;rpa Kbtplq;fs;
LIOC - tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if ,e;jpa vz;nza; $l;Lj;jhgdk;
LMS - yq;fh kiwd; Nrh;tpr]; (gpiuNtl;) ypkpll;
109
LPG - jputg; ngw;Nwhypa thA
Ltr - yPw;wh; (cs;ehl;L ngw;Nwhypa tpw;gidapy; mbg;gil myF)
MOU - Ghpe;Jzh;T xg;ge;jk;
NDB - Njrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp
OPEC - vz;nza; cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp ehLfs;
PERC - nghJ njhopy; Kaw;rp rPh;jpUj;j Mizf;FO
SPBM - jdpKid kpjit eq;$uk; gha;r;Rk; trjp
TT - Gus;T thp
VAT - ngWkjp NrH thp
VRS - RatpUg;g Xa;Tj; jpl;lk;
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