A tradução na era da economia verde

A Tradução na Era da Economia Verde Marsel de Souza

IV Congresso Internacional de Tradução e Interpretação da Abrates, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31/05 - 02/06/2013

Visão geral

• Introdução

• Conceitos e definições

• Cenários da tradução “verde”

• Recursos e estratégias de pesquisa

• Perguntas

Terra vs. seres humanos • Idade da Terra: 4.500.000.000 anos

• Humanos na Terra: ~ 250.000 anos

• Atividade industrial: ~ 250 anos

Em 4,5 bilhões de anos...

• Deriva continental

• Deslocamento das placas tectônicas

• Eras glaciais

• Reversão magnética dos pólos

• Bombardeio de cometas, asteróides e meteoros

• Erupções solares

• Tempestades magnéticas

• Incêndios e inundações globais

• Raios cósmicos

• Terremotos e maremotos

• Erosões

• Vulcões

• Seres humanos

Passamos do Holoceno ao Antropoceno?

Do Ambiente Humano à Economia Verde

1972 Estocolmo-72

1987 Relatório da ONU:

“Nosso Futuro Comum”

1992/1997 Rio-92

Convenção de Mudança do Clima

Protocolo de Quioto

2009-2013 Definições de

“Economia Verde”

Rio+20

Estocolmo-72 Conferência da ONU

sobre o Meio Ambiente Humano

• Both aspects of man's environment, the natural and the man-made, are essential to his well-being...

• The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue...

• Through ignorance or indifference we can do massive and irreversible harm to the earthly environment...

Estocolmo-72 Conferência da ONU

sobre o Meio Ambiente Humano

• To defend and improve the human environment for present and future generations has become an imperative goal for mankind – a goal to be pursued together with (...) the established and fundamental goals of peace and of worldwide economic and social development.

Estocolmo-72 Conferência da ONU sobre o Meio Ambiente Humano

Principle 5

The non-renewable resources of the earth must be employed in such a way as to guard against the danger of their future exhaustion and to ensure that

benefits from such employment are shared by all mankind.

Principle 13

In order to achieve a more rational management of resources and thus to improve the environment, States should adopt an integrated and

coordinated approach to their development planning...

Estocolmo-72 Conferência da ONU sobre o Meio Ambiente Humano

Principle 6

The discharge of toxic substances or of other substances and the release of heat, in such quantities or concentrations as to exceed the capacity of the

environment to render them harmless, must be halted (...). The just struggle of the peoples of ill countries against pollution should be supported.

1987 – Brundtland Report: “Nosso Futuro Comum”

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising

the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

1987 – Brundtland Report: “Nosso Futuro Comum”

The burning of fossil fuels puts into the atmosphere carbon dioxide, which is causing gradual global warming. This 'greenhouse effect' may by early next century have increased average global temperatures enough to shift agricultural production areas, raise sea levels to flood coastal cities, and disrupt national economies.

1987 – Brundtland Report: “Nosso Futuro Comum”

• Energy efficiency

• Food Security

• Recycling

• Renewable/non renewable resources

• Resource efficiency

• Acidification

• Air and water pollution

• Climate change

• Deforestation

• Desertification

• Loss of species and genetic resources

• Ozone depletion

• Toxic wastes

Convenção da ONU sobre Mudança do Clima (Rio-92)

DEFINITIONS

“Climate change” means a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global

atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.

Convenção da ONU sobre Mudança do Clima (Rio-92)

Recognizing that steps required to understand and address climate change will be environmentally, socially and economically most effective if they are based on

relevant scientific, technical and economic considerations...

Convenção da ONU sobre Mudança do Clima (Rio-92)

1. All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities, (...) shall:

(…)

(f) Take climate change considerations into account, to the extent feasible, in their relevant social, economic and environmental policies and actions,

and employ appropriate methods, (...) of projects or measures undertaken by them to mitigate or adapt to climate change;

1997 – Protocolo de Quioto

The purpose of the clean development mechanism shall be to assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in

contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their

quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3.

1997 – Protocolo de Quioto

The Parties included in Annex I shall (...) ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the

greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts...

As Partes incluídas no Anexo I devem (...) assegurar que suas emissões antrópicas agregadas, expressas em dióxido de carbono equivalente, dos gases de efeito

estufa listados no Anexo A não excedam suas quantidades atribuídas...

2011 – Economia Verde – PNUMA

In its simplest expression, a green economy can be thought of as one which is low carbon, resource efficient and

socially inclusive.

Practically speaking, a green economy is one whose growth in income and employment is driven by public and

private investments that reduce carbon emissions and pollution, enhance energy and resource efficiency, and prevent the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Economia Verde Green Economy Coalition

An economy that provides a better quality of life for all within the ecological limits of the planet.

Pré-Rio+20 Principles for a Green Economy

13. Redefine Well-being – GDP is an inadequate tool for measuring social wellbeing and environmental integrity. Many socially and environmentally damaging activities enhance GDP – such as fossil fuel exploitation and financial speculation. Human wellbeing and quality of life, and environmental health should be the guiding objectives of economic development.

Crescer Incluir Proteger

Rio+20 – “O Futuro que queremos”

We affirm that there are different approaches, visions, models and tools available to each country (…) to achieve sustainable development in its three dimensions (…). In this regard, we consider green economy in the context

of sustainable development and poverty eradication as one of the important tools available for achieving sustainable development and that it

could provide options for policymaking but should not be a rigid set of rules. We emphasize that it should contribute to eradicating poverty as well as

sustained economic growth, enhancing social inclusion, improving human welfare and creating opportunities for employment and decent work for

all, while maintaining the healthy functioning of the Earth’s ecosystems.

Economia Verde – Green Economy Group

The green economy is defined as a sustainable economy and society with zero carbon emissions (…).

A green economy rigorously applies the triple bottom line of people, planet and profits (…).

In contrast to a green economy, a traditional “black” energy economy is based on carbon-intensive fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum. By definition, a low-carbon economy

is distinct from a green economy because it still generates carbon emissions.

Tripé da Sustentabilidade

O tema verde chega à imprensa

• carbon neutrality, carbon neutral (década de 1990)

• food miles (década de 1990)

• decarbonisation, decarbonise (década de 2000)

• carborexia, carborexic (década de 2000)

O tema verde chega à imprensa

• Nova economia

• Economia verde

• Economia digital

Nova Economia = Economia Digital

Nova Economia = Economia Verde

Nova Economia = Economia Verde + Economia Digital

O tema verde chega à imprensa (e às artes)

• cli-fi [= Climate + fiction]

A literary or movie genre featuring dystopian stories of Earth affected by extreme climate change.

2010 – Relatório Planeta Vivo (WWF)

The Ecological Footprint is an accounting framework that tracks humanity’s competing demands on the biosphere by comparing human demand against

the regenerative capacity of the planet. It does this by adding together the

areas required to provide renewable resources people use, the areas occupied by infrastructure, and the areas required for absorbing waste.

2010 – Relatório Planeta Vivo (WWF)

The Water Footprint of Production for an agricultural product includes all the water used and polluted in growing the particular crop;

however, the total water footprint of the final product additionally includes all the water used and polluted in each subsequent step of the

production chain as well as in its consumption. This is also referred to as “virtual water”.

2010 – Relatório Planeta Vivo (WWF)

The “business as usual” scenario predicts that humanity will be using resources and land at the rate of 2 planets each year by 2030,

and just over 2.8 planets each year by 2050.

(…)

During the 1970s, humanity as a whole passed the point at which the annual Ecological Footprint matched the Earth’s annual biocapacity —

that is, the Earth’s human population began consuming renewable resources faster than ecosystems can regenerate them and releasing more CO2

than ecosystems can absorb. This situation is called “ecological overshoot”, and has continued since then.

Brasil: Vanguarda energética

Brasil: Vanguarda energética

Brasil: Vanguarda energética

Cenários da tradução “verde”

Cenários atuais

• A temática verde vai ao encontro de temas supostamente não verdes

• Temas supostamente não verdes vêm ao encontro da temática verde

• A maquiagem verde

Cenários futuros

• A temática verde se torna parte indissociável de outros temas

Cenários da tradução “verde”

• A temática verde vai ao encontro de outros temas

Cenários da tradução “verde” • Outros temas vêm ao encontro da temática verde

Cenários da tradução “verde”

In 2005, XXXX was the first FTSE 100 company to become carbon neutral, and we must purchase carbon credits to remain carbon neutral. To achieve this, XXXX buys its carbon credits through the United Nation's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).

XXXX purchases high quality Voluntary Emissions Reductions (VERs) on the international carbon market. Each VER represents one ton of carbon dioxide that has either been avoided by an organization through improving its energy efficiency or generated by an organization developing renewable energy capacity.

XXXX has set aside the CO2 emissions resulting from the consumption of electricity by XXXX's U.S. operations by purchasing Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) in units of megawatt hours in the U.S.

Cenários da tradução “verde”

• A temática verde se torna parte indissociável de outros temas – Tradução da Nova Economia?

Recursos e estratégias de pesquisa

• Glossários

• Tratados internacionais – Convenções, Protocolos, Declarações, etc. (muitos nas línguas oficiais da ONU,

alguns em português)

• Órgãos do governo/Instituições de ensino brasileiras – Relatórios, notas técnicas, guias/cartilhas, etc. (alguns multilíngues)

• ONGs – Relatórios, notas técnicas, guias/cartilhas, etc. (alguns multilíngues)

• Jornais, revistas etc., inclusive on-line – Seções dedicadas ao tema

– Publicações especializadas

Recursos e estratégias de pesquisa

Termo

original

Contexto Leigo/genérico

Ex.:

Contexto Semitécnico

Ex.:

Contexto técnico/especializado Ex.:

management gestão, gerenciamento manejo (ambiental) manejo (ambiental)

climate change mudança climática mudança do clima

mudança climática mudança do clima

mudança do clima

objective vs. target objetivo vs. meta objetivo vs. meta objetivo vs. meta

deforestation desmatamento desmatamento

desflorestamento desflorestamento

energy-intensive (industry)

(setor) de consumo intensivo de energia

(setor) de consumo intensivo de energia

(setor) energo-intensivo

Recursos e estratégias de pesquisa

• Pesquisa terminológica em resumos de teses universitárias

Recursos e estratégias de pesquisa • Pesquisa terminológica restrita a websites específicos

OBRIGADO!

marsel.translator@gmail.com

IV Congresso Internacional de Tradução e Interpretação da Abrates, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31/05 - 02/06/2013