Diz-me o que tens, dir-te-ei de onde vem. A proveniência nos museus portugueses.

Inês Fialho Brandão

Seminário Estudos de Museus e Curadoria

proveniência | debates

Éticos= não pressupõe qualquer obrigação outra que moral

* Saque de guerra

* Achado individual

* Reivindicação cultural

Legais= quadro legal pré-estabelecido

(nacional/internacional)

* Roubo

* Exportação não autorizada

* Artefactos arqueol.

(cf. NAGPRA/UNESCO 1970)

éticos

legais

PORTUGAL | QUESTÕES RECENTES

http://www.publico.pt/Cultura/a-turquia-quer-reaver-patrimonio-e-ja-teve-uma-conversa-com-a-gulbenkian-1565797?all=1

PORTUGAL | QUESTÕES FUTURAS

TEMA EM FOCO | ESPOLIAÇÃO NA ÉPOCA NAZI

O QUE SIGNIFICA

PROVENIÊNCIA

NA ÉPOCA NAZI

Provenance

Louis-François Trouard, Paris (until 1779; his

anonymous sale, Paris, February 22, 1779, no. 44, as

"Deux tableaux pendans; ils représentent chacun un

jeune garçon vu à mi-corps; l'un s'amuse à faire des

boules de savon, & l'autre un château de cartes,"

canvas, 23 x 24 pouces, for Fr 95 to Dulac); ?Antoine

Charles Dulac, Paris (1779–1801; his sale, Paillet and

Delaroche, Paris, April 6, 1801, no. 19, as "Deux

Tableaux . . . l'un représente un écolier qui fait des bules

de savon; l'autre, une jeune fille qui fait lire enfant");

Jacques Doucet, Paris (by 1899–1912; his sale, Galerie

Georges Petit, Paris, June 6, 1912, no. 136, as "Les

Bouteilles de savon," for Fr 300,500 [with no. 135, "Le

Faiseur de châteaux de cartes," for Fr 190,000]); David

David-Weill, Paris (1912–at least 1933; cat., 1926, I, pp.

25–26, ill.); Fritz Mannheimer, Amsterdam (until d.

1939); his widow, Jane Mannheimer, Amsterdam, and

later New York (1939–49; held in Paris for Mrs.

Mannheimer at Chenue; seized by the Nazis and

"bought" May 12, 1944 through Posse and Mühlmann

for Fr 800,000 for the Führer Museum, Linz; held at Alt

Aussee [1387] and at Munich collecting point [1588];

returned to France, January 30, 1946, by the Service

Français de la Récupération and restituted following

agreement with SNK [Netherlands Art Property

Foundation] in or after 1948; sold to Wildenstein);

[Wildenstein, New York, 1949; sold to MMA

Provenance ?

Louis-François Trouard, Paris (until 1779; his

anonymous sale, Paris, February 22, 1779, no. 44, as

"Deux tableaux pendans; ils représentent chacun un

jeune garçon vu à mi-corps; l'un s'amuse à faire des

boules de savon, & l'autre un château de cartes,"

canvas, 23 x 24 pouces, for Fr 95 to Dulac); ?Antoine

Charles Dulac, Paris (1779–1801; his sale, Paillet and

Delaroche, Paris, April 6, 1801, no. 19, as "Deux

Tableaux . . . l'un représente un écolier qui fait des bules

de savon; l'autre, une jeune fille qui fait lire enfant");

Jacques Doucet, Paris (by 1899–1912; his sale, Galerie

Georges Petit, Paris, June 6, 1912, no. 136, as "Les

Bouteilles de savon," for Fr 300,500 [with no. 135, "Le

Faiseur de châteaux de cartes," for Fr 190,000]); David

David-Weill, Paris (1912–at least 1933; cat., 1926, I, pp.

25–26, ill.); Fritz Mannheimer, Amsterdam (until d.

1939); his widow, Jane Mannheimer, Amsterdam, and

later New York (1939–49; held in Paris for Mrs.

Mannheimer at Chenue; seized by the Nazis and

"bought" May 12, 1944 through Posse and Mühlmann

for Fr 800,000 for the Führer Museum, Linz; held at Alt

Aussee [1387] and at Munich collecting point [1588];

returned to France, January 30, 1946, by the Service

Français de la Récupération and restituted following

agreement with SNK [Netherlands Art Property

Foundation] in or after 1948; sold to Wildenstein);

[Wildenstein, New York, 1949; sold to MMA

ESPOLIAÇÕES NAZIS

PORQUÊ

PORTUGAL?

Jewish refugees arrive to Lisbon Station. Sept. 1941

Dado que Portugal, um país neutro, recebeu milhares de refugiados daEuropa central e ocidental, e manteverelações comerciais com a Alemanhaentre 1933 and 1945, o nossoobjectivo é identificar as tendências a padrões que marcaram as transacçõesartísticas e o coleccionismo durnateeste período.

METODOLOGIA

Pesquisa de proveniências

= OBJECTOS

Pesquisa sobretransacções

= COMÉRCIO

Pesquisa sobrepersonalidades

= INDIVÍDUOS

// OBJECTOS

85 55 3Number

Collections identified so far

Collections dismissed Pre-selected collections Relevant disbanded collections

12%

88%

Justification for dismissal

Collection amassed pre-1933 Scope of collection

21

16

7

5

3

3

2

1

Central government

Local authority

Private foundation

Regional authority (Azores/Madeira)

Religious entity

n/a

University

Professional association

Supervisory agency

34%

33%

33%

Research priority

HIGH MEDIUM LOW

// OBJECTOS

2

19

12

35

30

10

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1933-1937 1938-1940 1941-1945 1946-1955 Post-1955 n/a

METHODOLOGYindiviual-based research// INDIVÍDUOS

24

9

7

6

4

4

3

3

3

2

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Elena Hortega

Leiria & Nascimento

Marques Pereira

Antiquarium

Eliezer Kamenesky

Raquel Sabat(h)

Antiqualia

Casa Calendas

Jacques Kugel

Luis Leal

Jean Ostins

Alfredo Leal

Mr. Lourenco

Alexandre Fernandes

Manuel Pinto

George Duff

Soares & Mendonca

Pereira Coutinho

Unknown

Krus

Karl Buchholz (H)Enrique Lehrfeld

Jean Ostins

Wilhelm Gessmann

(alias Alexander, Joan Charles; Alendorf, Wilhelm)

John Conrad Leon Josipovicci Elfriedo Marques Pereira

Jacques Kugel

ART GALLERY “GALERIA DE ARTE”, Lisbon

CALONDAS GALLERIES, Lisbon

GERMAN BOOKSHOP “LIVRARIA BUCHHOLZ”, Lisbon

Alfredo Leal

ANTIQUARIUM, Lisbon

RED FLAG NAME LIST, ART LOOTING INVESTIGATION UNIT / O.S.S.

// COMÉRCIO

FONTES

História oral Arquivos diplomáticos (PT; US; FR; GER;...)

Media

Dossiers de objectos em museus

Catálogos de leilões e exposições(PT; FR; GER...)

Relatório sobre o ouro NaziArquivos particulares

Arquivos nacionais(PT; US; FR; GER;...)

Arquivos PVDE/PIDE (PT)

Arquivo Salazar(PT)

http://resources.ushmm.org/film/display/detail.php?file_num=1103&tape_id=6566c12e-9cca-48dd-8f49-0fcc022f7a8e&clip_id=&media_type=mp4

http://resources.ushmm.org/film/display/detail.php?file_num=1102