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1. The P r i n c i p l e that the r e s p e c t for p e r s o n s , t r e a t i n g them

a s e n d s rather than a s means. is the e s s e n c e of m o r a l i t y

Indiv ic lual i sm - Steve 2 Lukas P. 4 9

1. "Philosophy is a p r d u c t of t h e humani ty of e a c h p h i l o s o p h e r

ancl e a c h p h i l o s o ~ h e r is a man of f l e s h and bone who addresses h i m s e l f t o o t h e r men oE f l e s h and bone l i k e h i m s e l f . an:! le t

him do what h e w i l l , h e p h i l o s o p h i s e e n o t w i t h r e a s o n o n l y .

b u t w i t h t h e w i l l , w i t h f e e l i n g s , w i t h t h e f l e s h ancl w i t h the

bones , w i t h t h e w l ? o l e s o u l and w i t h t h e who le body. It i s the

man t h a t p h i l o s o p h i s e s . "

T i q u e l d e unamuno - "Ttle T r a g i c s e n s e of l i f e . "

Trana, J .E .C. F l i t c h

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-----__1____-_-_.__----11__1____-_1^_______------------

1. Man's essence lies in his existence.

2. Existence precedes essence. Man is not like a

manufactured thing - , J . P . S .

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1. Jean Paul Sartre - The Republic of S i l e n c e P. 498

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: H ~ * W L [ ~ 8 qqqj Father of existent ialism 1 ?$ if -&?-q

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- 3 - 3 E i t h e r - 01: $d?T [ ~ h i l o s o p h i c a l

Fragment v f b ~ F3 p f h % 8 Fear. and Trembling ! % 4 - ; f t ~ 1 Repet i t i o n 1 &qfl U R ~ A ~ S t a g e s on l i f e ' s

way 1, * 5- 3fi3 ?i$ fS The c o n c e p t of Dread ! 3TT2 I

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* --'if if. mil: ff [ I t h i n k t h e r e f o r e . I exist R'

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t! --e a ~ i 315th pft !jTJl 2 m-6 3fth L 8 The B i r t h and T r a g d y

from the s p i r i t of Music f, 3tm 8 oedipus o u t

8. -8

XTJ?~ xi% fi?? t ~ h o u ~ h t s,, of sc!ason B J I ~ 8 Aurora

f k I % VFZ ~ f b i 1 Beyond gtmd and e v i l 8 s -i% * $ 4m3 8 The w i l l to power 131~1% I

~ f ~ 1 ~ ~ 7 1 qmr ? 1 FFR :d & 3' -aTm it r r ~ * ~4 A ~ y n m r ------- -------.-.----------- ----A-

1. "Because I e x i s t and because I t h i n k , t h e r e f o r e I t h i n k ,

t h a t I e x i s t . . . . . .I: mus't exist i n order t o t h i n k - , .

sores K i e r j<egsarii - - r ~ o n c ~ l u c l i n y Unscien%..;~c P. 294

P o s t Script

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Being there P I f+Ct if 33 -'ilwI%m?' WT 7r ?IEIT

3 I

F -- fL,nm philosophy 03 51 G gf4;1 8 Man in the

Mocler n Age #. f%8ml%4i 6 i f l 3 5 8 ~hiloso~hiche ~ o g i c 8 , 3R 1~ @ 8 The Great Philosophers #

----I- -_--_--- --- _--_.-_-I----___-_-I---__---_- ----_ 1. "Not Mankind, but the superman is the aimw--Paul Roubiezek -

Extentialism for and Against. P. 4 3

2. Gocl is dead, we have kilLed Gocl - Ibid P. 49

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~3 WJELI 6r &Tl7 $ m~ WlT $ F P F Y 1% J i m 3 I 3m3-I 3

P q 5m9 ~ f l f t h fkTfimfl I ~ a n t a n d t h e P r ~ S l e m o f ? 4 c t a P h y s i c s ~ ,

C V* slW9 *q 1 0 1 1 t t ~ e e s s e n c e of:TUf',e TC ~ # z r a m PI @ o n t h e e s s e n c e o f t r u t h 8, 3P3 323 xT? t$tT-ift .. [ l e t t e r

o n H u m a n i t y !. ------ ---___----I-___I-I- -I--------------

1. I can :?o t be w h o l l y r ec luce r lhor i d e n t i f i e c i w i t h my b o d y , w i t h my role i r i s o c i e t y n o r iny a c t i o n , n o r e v e n my c h a r a c t e r w i l i c h i s r n a n i t ' e s t e d i n a l l my aspects. A t t h e bottom i s my L j b e r t y , the s o u r c e o f my p o s s i b i l i t i e s , of w h a t I will t 3 be. Exis t f i . :~ce f a r m e is t h i s a c t i v e choice o f 111yself i n l i b e r t y . ':d. l i . ~ , , i3lac); ~-<anl - Six E x i t t e : r t i a l i s r , . 4 9

T h i n k e r s .

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343w mmr, T ~ , thm 3~trrR. ~ ~ r n ~ ~ i r n 5; R a?-qm i? I ern 3 rijrmitir f m i n = %%iq f3xrs ~ k m W 5 ; ~ r t 3 a p ; r r ~ r r ~ J i 3 J d C

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grrfi;r &? ? - C mm 3f% P%& 1 The Philosophy of existence 8, f 4 q e2;'q f Mystery of B e i n g !

c&fq p p ~ 2i%q [ aeinqr and Having 8 fkl-&&mq q m

g~eta~h~sical Journal 4 P? wbTHFl < B f t ~ r f t h f % @ 3fth i?bf f

1 An Introcluction to a Metaphysic o f H o p e 8 3l* 1 4lTh ?

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___-__l_-___-__-_l-.-------- ------------A_-----

1 . T h i s l earn ing to regard Being not a s problem. but a s a

mystery i s fundarnerltal i n Marcel. H i s d i s t t n c t i o n between a mystery iancl problem, be i n s i s t s is c a p i t a l

Z d . H. J . elzck Ham - S i x E x i s t e n t i a l i st T1li:lkers P- 69 2 . Freedom i s exile. I am trondemned to b e free - J.P.S.

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----------------------- 1. The moment the possibilities I am considering are not

rigorously involved b:y m y act ion. I ought to disengage myself

from them because no God, no scheme, can adopt the world and

its possibilities to my wi1.l. Wade Baskin - The Philosophy of Existentialism - Jean Paul ~art.re P. 46

2. That is the idea I shall try to convey when I say that man

is condemned to be free. C:ondemned because he did not create

himself. yet. in other respects is free; because once thrown

into this world, he i s responsible for everything he does-

Jean Paul sartre- he philosophy of existentialism. P- 41

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1. Man becomes, r a t h e r t h a n is.Man is always i n t h e making. Being and Nothingness - J e a n Paul S a r t r e .

2. Man is no th ing else than his p l a n s ; he e x i s t s only t o the e x t e n t that: ha f u l f i l l s h i m s e l f ; he is t h e r e f o r e n o t h i n g else than t h e a a n p l e of l l i c a c t s , no th ing else than h i s l i f e - J e a n Paul S a r t r e - The Phi losophy of E x i s t e n t i a l i s m - P. 47

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EX = Out, S i s t e r e = t o s t a n d

E x i s t e r i g i n a l l y meant to s t a n d ou t or emerge

2 1 .... The mode of: be ing which consists i n i n t r a c t i o n w i t h o t h e r t h i n g s --D.D. Runes. The D i c t i o n a r y of philosophy-P.102

1) Existence precedes essence - Jean Paul Sartre. Existentialism and Modern Predicament P - 2

2 ) The word is now so loosely applied to so many things that it no longer meaning anything at all - Jean Paul Sartre - Existentialism is a Humanism - Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre. Ed. Walter Kanjman - P. 289

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------------------I-----__--________-------

l . "Ex i s t ance does mean p r i m a r i l y t h e Unique Concre te b e i n g of the i n d i v i d u a l human person. The e x i s t e n t then is t h e Cont i ngen t , the p a r t i c u l a r , t h a t which r e f u s e s to f i t i n t o some sys tem c o n s t r u c t e d by r a t i o n a l thought . E s s e n t i a l i s m i n H e g e l tried to b r i n g men and a l l t h i n g s i n t o a n o r g a n i c s t r u c t u r e w i t h i n which c o n t r a d i c t i o n s would be overcome. But t o be aware of e x i s t e n c e is to be aware of p r e c i s e l y t h a t which is discontinuous w i t h a system and which remains pa radox ica l . The r e a l ( e x i s t e n t ) r e f u s e s t o confQti~t . i t se l f t o the p a t t e r n l a i d down by r a t i o n a l t hough t , the d i f f i c u l t y t h a t i n h e r e i n e x i s t e n c e w i t h which the e x i s t i n g i n d i v i d u a l is conf ron ted is one t h a t never r e a l l y comes t o e x p r e s s i o n i n t h e Language of a b s t r a c t thought , much l e a s r e c e i v e s an exp lana t ion . Because a b s t r a c t thought is s u b s p e c i e a e t e r n l . i t i g n o r e s the c o n c r e t e and t h e t e m - p o r a l e x i s t e n t i a l process, the predicament of t h e e x i s t i n g i n d i v i d u a l a r i s i n g from h i s be ing a s y n t h e s i s of t h e temporal and the e t e r n a l , s i t u a t e d i n ex i s t ence . " s o r e n Kier Kegaard: conc lud ing u n s c i e n t i f i c pos t s c r i p t . Trans: D . F . swenson ( p r i n c e t o n 1941) P. 267

2. Dase in is an on to@ogica l term. I t d e s i g n a t e s man i n r e s p e c t

of h i s being. *. . . . . . . . the term e x i s t e n c e " a s a d e s i g n a t i o n

of b e i n g w i l l be a l l o t e d s o l e l y t o Dasein"---Heideggere ~ e i n g

and Lime : Trans . J. Macquarrie & E . S . Robineon (new York &

London 1962) P. 67

"The eesence of Dasein l ies i n t o e x i s t e n c e . D a s e i n ' s e s s e n c e

is c o n s t i t u t e d not by properties but by p o s s i b l e ways of

being.". ---1bid.

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1. Pour s o i ( f o r i t s e l f ) g e t s d e f i n e d In terms of nega t ion and

freedom, The Pour S o i comes i n t o be ing by s e p a r a t i n g i t s e l f

from t h e e n s o i ( i n I t s e l f ) . The e n s o i h a s i t s be ing i n i t s e l f ,

and t h i s i s e s s e n t i a l being. The Pour S o i is f r e e t o choose i ts

essence. Its b e i n g is i ts freedom. Y e t pa radox ica l ly . i t s

freedom is a l s o i t s l a c k o f being." S a r t r e : Being & Nothingness.

2. Man's e s s e n c e l i es i n h i s e x i s t e n c e - Heidegger.

3. E x i s t e n c e cannot be reduced to r a t i o n a l l y manipulab le i d e a s - Soren K i e r Kegaard.

4. E x i s t e n c e p recedes essence. Man is not Like a manufactured t h i n g - J e a n Paul S a r t r e .

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--he--- ------.------.,----.-------- ----- 1. To e x i s t is a l r e a d y to be i n a world.

2. Without t h e world t h e r e is no sel.Ehoocl, no person; wi thout s e l fhood . wi thout t h e person, t h e r e i s no world." Jean Paul s a r t r e - Being and Nothingness.

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4 . "The e x i s t e n t c o n s t i t u t e s himself by an a c t of s e p a r a t i o n " - J e a n Paul S a r t r e - Being and Nothingness.

5. Human r e a l i t y is its own suppossi.ng towards what i t lacks ." J.P. S a r t r e - Being and Nothingness.

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1) P r e s e n t i s the p re sence of t h e for i tself to Being i n i t s e l f - Being and Nothingness - J.P. S a r t r e .

2 ) The <it is p a r t o f t h e f a c t i c i t y ; t h a t which cannot be ? a l t e ea. The su rpas sed i n itself h a u n t s the f o r i t s e l f th rough memory." S a r t r e - Being and Nothingness.

3 ) There is no e scape from c h o i c e , and no e scape from the burden of l o s e i n d i v i d u a l i t y . Y e t a t the same t i m e each choice is a f f e c t - ing t h e arrangement of t h e world w i t h i n which o t h e r s w i l l make t h e i r c h o i c e s a l s o - Being and Nothingness - J.P. S a r t r e .

4 ) L i t e r a t u r e of Hexis must be abandoned i n f a v o u r of l i t e r a t u r e of P r a x i s -- J.P. S a r t r e .

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s?, awr &'a 5 ~ 4 0 a ;1 ct) I pP.fi 3 fbm~i ~ t l GQ ---- -------------.----- ---------------- 1) Hertin Heidegger - Existence and Being. P. 130 2 ) Martin Heidegger - Existence and Elelng - P . 366

3 ) Ibid P . 3 6 6

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I) In fact, anguish, I see it, is the concurrence of the complete absence of justification and responsibility towards others - Jean Paul sartre - Existentialism - P. 65

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1) In the bright realm of values. we have rio excuse behind us, nor justification before us. We are alone with no excuses -- Jean Paul Sartre - Man in contemporary society - P. 148

2 ) The Existent constitutes himself by an ilct of seperation- Jean Paul Sartre - Being ancl Nothingness.

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I,

1 ) There is no t i m e when man was not . not because man was from a l l e t e r n i t y and w i l l be for a l l e t e r n i t y bu t because t ime is not e t e r n i t y and t i m e f a s h i o n s i t v e l f irito a time only a s a human, h i s t o r i c a l be ing - t he re . " Mar t ine Hedegger - An IntroCIuction to Metaphysics -- P. 8 4

2) "There i s a f u t u r e because , t h e f o r 1tsel .f ha s t o be beyond." S a r t r e -

3. Man becomes p e r s o n a l i t i e s on ly by beincg coricerned w i t h a f f d i r s , o n l y by proclucing something i n t h e Wolrd th rough deed and a c t i v i t y - K a r l J a s p e r s - Reason and E x i s t i n g - P.123.

-

28 Dr. G. Srinivasan - The Existentialist concepts a d the Hindu Philosophical systems. P. 80

t, w,mq C ifit. mwa smr i! I - "

1. "The p r i o r i forms of human p e r s o n a l i t y , a cco rd ing t o Heidegger (1889-1976) a r e c a r e . d read . concern e t c . These forms con-

s t i t u t e man's s u b j e c t i v e b e i n g . . . .It i . s o n l y th rough a

permanent r e a l i s a t i o n oE being " f aced w i t h dea th" t h a t man

can , acco rd ing to Heidegger , v i s u a l i s e t h e v a l i d i t y and s u b s t a n t i a l i t y of each moment of l i f e and get r i d o f a 1 ma."

D i c t i o n a r y o f Philosophy< progreee Fubliahers, Moscw, second Edf t ion .

1984 . P. 168

2. Mar t in Heidegger - Being and T i m P. 231

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I. "For dread separates me from the interests and meaning of any life in the world, absorbed and lost in my relations and pre- occupations and isolates are in this recognition that I can either continue this impersonally determined in authentic existence or by heroic effort take j?ersc>nal charge of my awn existence." Ed. H.J. Blackham .- Six Existentialist Thinkers - P. 94

2. "What dread reveals to me is that I am cast into the world in order to die here."

Ed. H.J. Black Ham - S i x Existentialist Thinkers - P. 96

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I . When I see that i t is nothing i n the world that i n s p i r e s t h i s dread, I see that i t is t h e World i tself a s such -- Ed.. H.J. Bl.ack H a m : P. 94

S i x E x i s t e n t i a l i s t T h i n k e r s . 2 . "Man is condemned to be free." Jean Paul Sartre-

E x i s t e n t i a l i s m ancl Humanism. P. 34

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-- --_-- __ __-_ ____-___ --------------------- 1 . "The immediate consequences o f man's d i scovery o f himself

a s a free n i h i l a t i n g are almost innevi tably sha t t er ing or a t l e a s t extremely depress ing." Jeaxl Paul Sar tre .

2 . "Man becomes. rather than is . Man is always i n the Making." J.P.S. Being and Nothingness.

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............................................ 1. Jean Paul Sartre - The Republic of S i l e n c e P. 498-99

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21 Martin Heidgger - Existence and Being P. 370

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H.J. Black Ham - Six Existentialist Thinkers- P.96

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