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5/17/2018 Apontamentos Teorias da Comunicação - slidepdf.com
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]horlgz mg Jokxeljgæêo
Troihzzorg @haheg Rlbhlro
Tg}rëjlg Jgmh}h
Jxrzo mh Noregalzko + 2¾ Zhkhz}rh Geo Ahj}lyo ‚ 2474/2477
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2
7% Jokxeljgæêo h Alefxgfhk
Nxalg Crlz}hyg> Oz yhrboz igagr! hzjrhyhr h ahr zêo joenxfgmoz hk }omgz gz thzzogz h hk
}omoz oz }hktoz! mh kge`g ä eol}h h hk }omoz oz tgëzhz mo kxemo! g xkrl}ko exejg ge}hz joe`hjlmo3
Hz}gz alefxgfhez zobrhtøhk+zh äz ox}rgz }omgz (fhz}o h lkgfhk,3 O `okhk komhreo hz}ç khrfxa`gmo eg alefxgfhk! ylyh eg igag! ì gzzga}gmo
tor kla`grhz mh zlfeoz! g toe}o mh nç wxgzh zú }hr xkg hplz}îejlg mh hklzzorh rhjht}or%
Hk jgmg zok wxh hexejlo! hk jgmg tgagyrg wxh hzjrhyo! hk jgmg zlfeo wxhigæo! hzzg jolzg ì rhgakhe}h ‐hx“! ox xk ox}ro hx wxh hplz}h hk klk! oxglemg xk eêo zhl wxî mh hp}hrlor g klk wxh zh hptrlkh g}rgyìz mg kle`gbojg? Mgë g ehjhzzlmgmh mh mhzkoe}gr o khjgelzko alefxëz}ljo joko ylgtgrg he}hemî+ao%
Wxhz}êo> o thezgkhe}o ì lemhthemhe}h mg alefxgfhk ox g alefxgfhk ì hag trútrlg
thezgkhe}o?
G alefxgfhk ì xkg trç}ljg moklegmg thao `okhk h hz}ç le}lkgkhe}halfgmg go `okhk h ä zojlhmgmh hk wxh hz}h `gbl}g%
G alefxgfhk h lzoagmg h joaojgmg ä mlz}âejlg tgrg zhr jgt}gmg hewxge}oobnhj}o mh joe`hjlkhe}o tgr}ljxagr! mh komo g thrjhbhrkoz o zhxixejloegkhe}o h oz zhxz hihl}oz eg ormhk mo zojlga%
Thrzthj}lygz mo zxrflkhe}o mg alefxgfhk> Oe}ofheì}ljo (toe}o mh ylz}g mo lemlyëmxo,
Ilaofheì}ljo (toe}o mh ylz}g mg hztìjlh ̀ xkgeg,
Joko ojorrh o trojhzzo mh zlkboal~gæêo?G hkhrfîejlg mg alefxgfhk joaojg+eoz thrge}h g wxhz}êo mh zgbhr joko ì wxhtomhkoz zlkboal~gr! rhtrhzhe}gr! }oregr trhzhe}h! g eúz h goz ox}roz! o kxemo! gzjolzgz! oz gjoe}hjlkhe}oz eg zxg gxzîejlg%
G rhagæêo mo zxnhl}o igage}h jok g alefxgfhk joe`hjhx mxgz h}gtgz> 7®> trh}hemhx+zh joe`hjhr gwxlao wxh nç zh zgblg trg}ljgr (g alefxgfhk,3 2®> tronhj}gr o joe`hjlkhe}o jlhe}ëiljo mg alefxgfhk zobrh o joenxe}o mg
trç}ljg zojlga
zlfeozhahkhe}o bgzhwxh joez}l}xl g
alefxgfhk
zlega g tgr}lrmo wxga
}lrgkozzhe}lmo
rhtrhzhe}gæêo
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7¾ Koylkhe}o> gj}o mh joezlmhrgr g alefxgfhk joko obnhj}o hzthjëiljo mhjoe`hjlkhe}o ‚ lktaljg wxh hag mhlph mh zhr xk hphrjëjlo wxh zh lfeorg g zltrútrlo tgrg zh tor g £ igagr gz zxgz trútrlgz ahlz³ £xkg igag zh tøh g igagr oigagmo³>
Mhzjoag o zxnhl}o igage}h mgwxlao wxh o joez}l}xl (g alefxgfhk,! h obrlfg+o g
ml~hr o komo joko ml~% Zh o rhegzjlkhe}o zxbz}l}xl o jxa}o mo Mhxz thao `okhk! g eozzg ìtojg
zxbz}l}xl o `okhk tor xk zlz}hkg gegalzçyha jlhe}liljgkhe}h> g alefxgfhk%O `okhk joko g alefxgfhk! g alefxgfhk eo axfgr mo `okhk zhrç o fhz}omhzklz}liljgmor tor hpjhaîejlg! wxh le}romx~ g jlîejlg eg ~oeg joktah}g hlktrhjlzg mo `xkgeo! eo toe}o oemh zh lez}gagk gz lmhoaoflgz h gz rhalfløhz ì g alefxëz}ljg wxh tgrhjh zhr g gagygejg mhzzg mhzklz}liljgæêo%
Wxhk ml~ alefxgfhk ml~ mhkgrjgæêo! zlfeliljgæêo h jokxeljgæêo% Ehz}hzhe}lmo! }omgz gz trç}ljgz `xkgegz zêo }ltoz mh alefxgfhk ylz}o wxh }îk gixeæêo mh mhkgrjgr! zlfeliljgr h jokxeljgr%
2¾ koylkhe}o> joe`hjhr oz zlz}hkgz (zxnhl}oz! zhe}lmoz! zlfeliljgæêo,! hz}xmgr gzzxgz tgr}ljxagrlmgmhz hewxge}o }ltoz mh alefxgfhk%
Thlrjh ig~ g gtroplkgæêo goz zlfeoz% Ml~ wxh xk zlfeo! xkg tgagyrg rhtrhzhe}gox}rg eg gxzîejlg mhzzg ox}rg jolzg%
£]omoz joezhfxlkoz joejht}xgal~gr zobrh gwxlao wxh hz}ox g igagr³
Zú tozzo jokxeljgr zobrh jolzgz! eokhgemo+gz tor tgagyrgz% O `okhk ì o
þeljo zhr ylyo wxh! zhemo xk zhr mh alefxgfhk! }hk g jgtgjlmgmh/igjxamgmh mheokhgr khmlge}h trojhzzoz mh gbz}rgjæêo%
Zh eêo }lyhrkoz g igjxamgmh mh gbz}rgjæêo! eêo `ç alefxgfhk hewxge}ozlz}hkg mh rhtrhzhe}gæêo zlkbúaljg%
G lmhlg mh wxh g aëefxg }hk wxh yhr jok g jgtgjlmgmh mh zlfeliljgr hrhtrhzhe}gr khmlge}h joeyheæøhz zojlglz% Tor lzzo! g aëefxg ì xk obnhj}ozojlojxa}xrga! xkg lez}l}xlæêo leyhe}gmg thao `okhk% Eêo ì mg ormhk mgeg}xrh~g (oz `okhez eêo igagk mg khzkg iorkg wxh oz tçzzgrozj`larhlgk,%
£…go joe}rçrlo moz ox}roz zhrhz ylyoz! wxh hz}gbhahjhk rhagæøhz mh }rgezgjæêojok o khlo gkblhe}h! rhztoemhemo khjâeljg h lkhmlg}gkhe}h goz hz}ëkxaoz wxh
rhjhbhk! o `okhk jokxeljg! eo zhe}lmo trútrlo mhz}h }hrko! go leyhe}grkhmlgæøhz zlkbúaljgz! mh eg}xrh~g jxa}xrga³ GMR%
Jgtgjlmgmh `xkgeg mh hagborgr tor gbz}rgjæêo xkg lkgfhk khe}ga xelyhrzgawxh }hk joko hzthjliljlmgmh g jgtgjlmgmh mh zhr gtaljgmo g xkg taxrgalmgmh mhobnhj}oz tgr}ljxagrlmgmhz% Gwxlao wxh eêo joezlfo joejht}xgal~gr g}rgyìz mh xkgrhtrhzhe}gæêo khe}ga ì+kh mhzjoe`hjlmo! aofo eêo joezlfo eokhç+ag tortgagyrgz%Hphktao> khzg ; zlfeo xelyhrzga%
]omoz joejhbhkoz! mh iorkg gbz}rgj}g! hzzh obnhj}o
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7%7 G Alefxgfhk! g aëefxg! g igag h o mlzjxrzo
O wxh ì g alefxgfhk?
Jgmg ìtojg ox jgmg jlylal~gæêo! hk joeiorklmgmh jok o joenxe}o mo zhx
zgbhr! mgz zxgz jrheægz! mg zxg lmhoaoflg! rhztoemh mh komo mlihrhe}h h yî galefxgfhk hk ixeæêo moz koamhz wxh g joez}l}xhk g zl trútrlg%
G}ì go zìjxao PYLLL ‚ ìtojg jrlz}ê ‚! hplz}lg xkg ylzêo }hoaúfljg mgalefxgfhk! toemo+zh o trobahkg mg zxg orlfhk! gz rhfrgz xelyhrzglzmg zxg aúfljg3
Eo zìjxao PLP ‚ moklegmo thao `lz}orljlzko ‚! joezlmhrgyg+zh xkghyoaxæêo g}rgyìz moz }hktoz%
@onh! gz ylzøhz mg alefxgfhk joko xk zlz}hkg h oz trobahkgz wxhtrhmoklegk%
Ì g alefxgfhk wxh khmlg}l~g g eozzg rhagæêo jok o kxemo% Eêo hplz}h
jokxeljgæêo zhk g hplz}îejlg mh xk kìmlxk ‚ g alefxgfhk% Oz zlfeoz eêo zúrhtrhzhe}gk o khlo gkblhe}h! kgz }gkbìk le}hryîk eg zxg hagborgæêo!joeyhr}hemo+o exkg rhgalmgmh hzthjliljgkhe}h jxa}xrga! egwxlao wxh mhzlfegkozthao eozzo kxemo%
O kxemo ì gwxlao wxh tomhkoz thezgr% Gwxlao wxh eêo zgbhkoz ml~hr eêohplz}h rhgakhe}h tgrg eúz! eêo le}hfrg o eozzo zgbhr! o eozzo kxemo% Zú gwxlao wxhtomhkoz thezgr h rhtrhzhe}gr khe}gakhe}h ì wxh hplz}h tgrg eúz h le}hfrg mhgbzoax}o o eozzo zgbhr%
Zhng wxga ior o kokhe}o hk wxh }okhkoz g alefxgfhk! hag gtrhzhe}g+zhjoko xk zlz}hkg hp}rhkgkhe}h joktahpo hk wxh zh klz}xrgk trobahkgz mhmlihrhe}hz ormhez%
O thezgkhe}o ì hptrhzzo g}rgyìz mg yo~! mg hzjrl}g h mh fhz}oz% Igagr!
hzjrhyhr h fhz}ljxagr yhk mo thezgkhe}o% Igagr ì xk trojhzzo mh gbz}rgjæêolemlylmxga wxh ì! eo he}ge}o! tgr}la`gmo joahj}lygkhe}h% G alefxgfhk ì
G alefxgfhk rhyhz}h+zh mhxk jgrçj}hr kg}hrlga
mlyhrzliljgmo>
ì xkg jgmhlg mh zoezgr}ljxagmoz ì xkg rhmh mh kgrjgzhzjrl}gz ì xk nofo mh fhz}oz
Tromx~ h hptrlkhxk thezgkhe}o
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zlkxa}gehgkhe}h o þeljo komo mh zhr mo thezgkhe}o! g zxg rhgalmgmh h g zxgrhgal~gæêo%
Zhrç wxh hplz}h alefxgfhk zhk thezgkhe}o h yljh+yhrzg? Mliljlakhe}h% Ehko mlzjxrzo kxmo mlzthezg o thezgkhe}o kxmo% Mhihemh+zh g hplz}îejlg mh xk
kxemo mh lmhlgz zhtgrgmo mo trç}ljo%
Jrë}ljg ä joejhtæêo lez}rxkhe}galz}g mg alefxgfhk
Wxga ì g ixeæêo trlkhlrg mg alefxgfhk> g mh tromx~lr xk thezgkhe}o ox gmh jokxeljgr?
Hz}g wxhz}êo eêo }hk ehe`xk ixemgkhe}o obnhj}lyo% G alefxgfhk ì }xmolzzo zlkxa}gehgkhe}h! h eêo tomh hplz}h xkg mhz}gz ixeæøhz zhk g ox}rg%
G alefxgfhk ì xk trojhzzo jokxeljg}lyo mh xkg khezgfhk he}rh molzzxnhl}oz igage}hz thao kheoz! zhemo xk o hklzzor/mhz}legmor h o ox}rorhjht}or/mhz}leg}çrlo% O hklzzor! ge}hz mh hkl}lr tgrg o rhjht}or! mhzjomliljg g zxgtrútrlg khezgfhk (eëyha le}rgthzzoga,> £ igagr ì igagr+zh³% Zú igagkoz mo wxhjoe`hjhkoz! mgl wxh mhzjomliljgkoz g khezgfhk wxh hkl}lkoz g ox}rg thzzogge}hz mlzzo zhwxhr gjoe}hjhr%
Oz fgfoz igagk joko zh g igag ylhzzh mg fgrfge}g h eêo mo thezgkhe}o!ig~hk xkg hztìjlh mh ila}rgfhk moz zhxz thezgkhe}oz g}rgyìz mg fgrfge}g%
Trojhzzo mh jokxeljgæêo alefxëz}ljo
O zxnhl}o igage}h ì zlkxa}gehgkhe}h o mhz}legmor mg zxg trútrlg khezgfhk!ylz}o wxh ì jgtg~ mh go khzko }hkto hkl}lr xkg khezgfhk mhjlirgemo+g h!
hk trlejëtlo! eêo hkl}h egmg wxh eêo tozzg mhjlirgr% G khezgfhk mhz}legmg go ox}ro ì! exk jhr}o zhe}lmo! mhz}legmg hk
trlkhlro axfgr g khzko wxh igag% Aofo! IGAGR Ì IGAGR+ZH% Igagr mh zl trútrlo tg}gkgr le}hrthzzoga (joahj}lyo, Igagr g zl trútrlo tg}gkgr le}rgthzzoga (lemlylmxga,
£]omo o thezgkhe}o ì mlçaofo eg zxg iorkg³! Thlrjh
G alefxgfhk tomh zhr ylz}g mh mxgz kgehlrgz> Mlgjroelg> hz}xmg g aëefxg g}rgyìz moz }hktoz ‚ hlpo }hktorga +!
}he}gemo zgbhr zh hplz}lg xkg orlfhk ox xkg hzzîejlg wxh iozzhjokxk g }omgz gz ox}rgz aëefxgz%
mhz}legmor
;mhz}leg}çrlokhezgfhk
mhz}leg}çrlo
;mhz}legmor
khezgfhk
khezgfhk
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Zlejroelg> joefhag+zh eo }hkto g aëefxg3 trh}hemh+zh hejoe}rgr xkzlz}hkg lega}hrgmo3 g aëefxg }hk rhfrgz trhjlzgz mh ixejloegkhe}o!xkg hz}rx}xrg mh}hrklegmg h }rgeziorkgæøhz hz}rx}xrglz wxhobhmhjhk g ahlz hz}rl}gz%
Ihrmlegem mh Zgxzzxrh> Egzjhx hk Fhehbrg! zxëæg3 7086+7<7: Hz}xmox o zâezjrl}o (gbormgfhez }rgmljloeglz, Mhx : jxrzoz he}rh 7<49 h 7<77 Legxfxrg xkg eoyg iorkg mh hz}xmgr g alefxgfhk h jrlg xkg eoyg
mlzjltaleg ‚ g alefxëz}ljg (hz}xmo mg aëefxg h mo zlfeo yhrbga alefxëz}ljo% Trotøh xkg eoyg mlzjltaleg ‚ Zhkloaoflg%
Jlîejlgz wxh Zgxzzxrh joeiroe}g>g, Ilaoaoflg> gtgrhjh eoz ileglz mo zìjxao PYLLL jok Voai h zxrfh joko xk
hz}xmo mg alefxgfhk yhrbga! kgz exk gzthj}o tgr}ljxagr% Hah eêo hz}xmgo obnhj}o hzjrl}o ‚ }hk xkg thrzthj}lyg `lz}úrljg ox mlgjrúeljg! hz}xmg ghyoaxæêo zhkâe}ljg mgz tgagyrgz mg aëefxg! trojxrgemo g ormhkh}lkoaúfljg3
b, Frgkç}ljg> }hk joko rhgalmgmh mh hz}xmo g alefxgfhk yhrbga! kgz giorkg joko mhalkl}g o obnhj}o ì mlihrhe}h mg ilaoaoflg3 wxgemo igagkozeg eorkg! igagkoz hk rhfrgz wxh mh}hrklegk jgmg aëefxg hktgr}ljxagr3
j, Çrhg mg frgkç}ljg joktgrgmg> zxrfh eo leëjlo mo zìjxao PLP jokBott% Hz}xmg o zâezjrl}o (aëefxg zgfrgmg eg Ëemlg Ge}lfg, h ygl trojxrgrtgrhe}hzjoz he}rh o zâezjrl}o h gz aëefxgz ojlmhe}glz% Gjrhml}gyg+zh eg
hplz}îejlg mh xkg aëefxg+kêh lemo+hxrothx%
O wxh ì wxh Zgxzzxrh ygl }rgbga`gr? Xelyhrzglz alefxëz}ljoz jokxez äz mlyhrzgz aëefxgz G alefxëz}ljg thezg/}rgbga`g g aëefxg mh xk toe}o mh ylz}g iorkga% O wxh
lktor}g hz}xmgr ì xk khjgelzko alefxëz}ljo wxh trhzlmh go igj}o mh o`okhk zhr xk zhr mo}gmo mh alefxgfhk%
Joezhfxlr joejhbhr xkg lmhlg jokxk g }omoz oz igage}hz mhzzg aëefxg(xelyhrzga g hzzg jokxelmgmh,% Hzzh khjgelzko ì lfxga tgrg gz mlihrhe}hzaëefxgz mo kxemo (khjgelzko alefxëz}ljo h xelyhrzga,
G aëefxg ì xk zlz}hkg mh hahkhe}oz% G iorkg joko hzzhz hahkhe}oz ixejloegk ì xk khjgelzko iorkga wxh
Zgxzzxrh ml~ wxh zh joez}l}xl exk jlrjxl}o mh ioegæêo+gxmlæêo (ixejloegk hk wxgawxhr aëefxg mh lfxga komo,%
Zh joezhfxlrkoz }hr xkg thrzthj}lyg iorkga eo hz}xmo mg aëefxg!joezhfxlkoz thrjhbhr wxh hplz}h gafo hk jokxk! xelyhrzga g }omgz gzaëefxgz gaigbì}ljgz! lemhthemhe}hkhe}h mgz zxgz mlihrheægz frgkg}ljglz%
Zgxzzxrh> alefxgfhk! aëefxg h igag Zhfxemo Zgxzzxrh! g alefxgfhk ì kxa}liorkh h `h}hrújal}g! gbrgefhemo
yçrloz mokëeloz! zlkxa}gehgkhe}h iëzljo! ilzloaúfljo h tzëwxljo% Thr}hejh
glemg go mokëelo lemlylmxga h zojlga (gwxlao wxh jgmg xk trg}ljg h }omoz
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oz ox}roz }gkbìk,3 eêo zh mhlpg jagzzliljgr hk ehe`xkg jg}hforlg mh igj}oz`xkgeoz torwxh eêo zgbhkoz joko mhz}gjgr g zxg xelmgmh%
G mlzjltaleg mg alefxëz}ljg }hk wxh joez}rxlr! lzoagr h zl}xgr o zhx obnhj}o mhhz}xmo%
Zgxzzxrh othrg xkg mlz}leæêo he}rh g aëefxg h g igag%
Tgrg Zgxzzxrh! hplz}hk mxgz alefxëz}ljgz lezhtgrçyhlz> G mg igag G mg aëefxg%
G aëefxg ì g £g tgr}h zojlga mg alefxgfhk³! hp}hrlor go lemlyëmxo! eêo tomhzhr komliljgmg thao zxnhl}o igage}h h tgrhjh obhmhjhr äz ahlz mo joe}rg}o zojlga wxhì rhjoe`hjlmo tor }omoz oz khkbroz mg jokxelmgmh% Gzzlk! g aëefxg ì lzoagmg mojoenxe}o `h}hrofìeho mg alefxgfhk> mhz}h xelyhrzo rh}ìk gthegz xk zlz}hkg mhzlfeoz hk wxh o hzzhejlga ì zú g xelêo mo zhe}lmo h mg lkgfhk gjþz}ljg%
G aëefxg zú hplz}h eg kgzzg (hplz}h eg kle`g jgbhæg h eg mh }omoz wxhg igagk,% G igag ì lemlylmxga h ì g rhgal~gæêo mo mhzhno mg aëefxg%
Hewxge}o g aëefxg ì xk zlz}hkg geúelko joez}l}xëmo tor zlfeoz wxh zhjokblegk zhfxemo ahlz hzthjëiljgz! h joko }ga eêo zh tomh rhgal~gr eg igag mhehe`xk zxnhl}o! kgz £zú hplz}h thrihl}gkhe}h eg kgzzg³! g igag ì £zhktrhlemlylmxga h o lemlyëmxo ì zhktrh o zhe`or mhag³% Tor}ge}o! zhfxemo Z%! g igag ì
£xk gj}o lemlylmxga mh yoe}gmh h le}halfîejlg³% g, Gz jokblegæøhz thagz wxglz o zxnhl}o igage}h x}lal~g o júmlfo mg aëefxg(le}halfîejlg ‚ hzjoa`gz lemlylmxglz,
b, O khjgelzko tzljoiëzljo wxh a`h thrkl}h hp}hrlorl~gr hzzgz jokblegæøhz(yoe}gmh ox eêo mh igagr hk otozlæêo g hz}gr jgagmo ‚ gj}o mh ioegæêo,
G igag ì! hk zxkg> Jokblegæøhz lemlylmxglz thzzoglz le}romx~lmoz thaoz zxnhl}oz igage}hz3 Gj}oz mh ioegæêo ehjhzzçrloz ä hphjxæêo mhzzgz jokblegæøhz%
Eg rhgalmgmh! g aëefxg/igag zêo lezhtgrçyhlz xkg mg ox}rg% Tgrg wxh g igagzh tozzg tromx~lr! g aëefxg ì+a`h ehjhzzgrlgkhe}h ge}hrlor% Go khzko }hkto%Eêo `ç aëefxg zhk igag3 zh hplz}lr ì xkg aëefxg kor}g (joko o ag}lk,%
Bheyhelz}h> Aëefxg/mlzjxrzo
Eêo zh otøh g Zgxzzxrh! kgz ygl zxbz}l}xlr g mljo}oklg aëefxg/igag toraëefxg/mlzjxrzo% G mhilelæêo mh aëefxg mh Bheyhelz}h ì trúplkg mg mh Zgxzzxrh%
Aëefxg> joenxe}o mh zlfeoz iorkglz! hz}rg}liljgmoz hk hzjgaøhz zxjhzzlyoz wxhiorkgk zlz}hkgz h hz}rx}xrgz%
aëefxg igag
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Mlzjxrzo> mhzlfeg mh xk komo rlforozo h zhk gkblfxlmgmhz! g kgelihz}gæêo mgaëefxg eg jokxelmgmh ylyg% Lktaljg g tgr}ljltgæêo mo zxnhl}o eg alefxgfhk g}rgyìzmg igag mo lemlyëmxo% G aëefxg jokxk g }omoz }oreg+zh o yhljxao mh xkg khezgfhkþeljg! trútrlg mh xkg hz}rx}xrg tgr}ljxagr mh xk mh}hrklegmo zxnhl}o wxhlktrlkh zobrh g hz}rx}xrg obrlfg}úrlg mg aëefxg xkg kgrjg hzthjëiljg! thzzoga%
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Eo fhrga> G alefxgfhk ì kg}ìrlg mo thezgkhe}o! mg hpthrlhejlg h hahkhe}o trútrlo
mg jokxeljgæêo3 eêo zhemo hz}ç}ljg! hag }rgeziorkg+zh mxrge}h yçrlgzìtojgz h }okg mlihrhe}hz iorkgz he}rh oz mlyhrzoz toyoz3
G aëefxg ì g tgr}h zojlga mg alefxgfhk3 gx}oeokl~gmg thag alefxëz}ljg eozìj% PP3 hp}hrlor go lemlyëmxo (zhr `xkgeo eêo tomh ig~hr alefxgfhkzo~le`o,3 eêo ì komliljçyha thao igage}h h tgrhjh obhmhjhr äz ahlz (júmlfoalefxëz}ljo, mh xk joe}rg}o zojlga rhjoe`hjlmo tor }omoz oz khkbroz mhxkg jokxelmgmh (gz kxmgeægz zêo le}romx~lmgz g}rgyìz mg igag,3
G igag ì g tgr}h lemlylmxga mg alefxgfhk! wxh eêo ì jokxk g }omoz ozkhkbroz mh xkg zojlhmgmh! zhemo o lemlylmxo zhktrh zhe`or mhag3joez}l}xl xk gj}o lemlylmxga mh yoe}gmh h le}halfîejlg! g}rgyìz mo wxga o@okhk mhzlfeg o kxemo3 rhgal~gæêo mg aëefxg3
O mlzjxrzo ì g kgelihz}gæêo mg aëefxg eg jokxeljgæêo ylyg3 lktaljg gtgr}ljltgæêo mo zxnhl}o eg zxg alefxgfhk! khmlge}h g igag mo lemlyëmxo3mhzlfeg wxgawxhr hexejlgæêo wxh le}hfrh o aojx}or h o oxyle}h }hemo otrlkhlro mhzhno mh leiaxhejlgr o 2¾%
Joejaxlemo> Tomhkoz mhalkl}gr g eoæêo mh alefxgfhk (joenxe}o mh zoez gr}ljxagmoz!
kgrjgz hzjrl}gz h fhz}oz, joko xkg rhgal~gæêo mh thezgkhe}o h mghpthrlhejlg `xkgeg! eg zxg }o}galmgmh! gaìk mh zhr xk hahkhe}o trútrlo mgjokxeljgæêo zojlga tgrg g joez}rxæêo mh zojlhmgmh3
G alefxgfhk ì o khlo eo wxga ojorrhk gz rhagæøhz `xkgegz% Hag tozzlblal}gg orfgel~gæêo mo thezgkhe}o! igyorhjhemo o joe`hjlkhe}o h ogx}ojoe`hjlkhe}o mh ̀ okhez h kxa`hrhz! g}rgyìz mh ìtojgz h jlylal~gæøhz3
G alefxgfhk orfgel~g h hphrjl}g o thezgkhe}o! hptrhzzg gz hpthrlhejlgz hjoez}rúl g `lz}úrlg tor khlo mg joeyhrzg%
G alefxgfhk khmlg}l~g g eozzg rhagæêo jok o kxemo! tozzlblal}gemo g eozzgorfgel~gæêo! le}hfrgæêo h joe`hjlkhe}o eo hztgæo zojlga%
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Oz bhbìz zú }okgk joe`hjlkhe}o mg hplz}îejlg mg kêh eg zxg gxzîejlg! oxzhng! wxgemo zêo obrlfgmoz g rhtrhzhe}ç+ag khe}gakhe}h%
O zlfeo tgrhjh hz}gbhahjhr xkg rhagæêo mh joeyheæêo ox mh joe}rg}o he}rho obnhj}o kg}hrlga rhtrhzhe}gmo h g iorkg iúeljg rhtrhzhe}ge}h%
G trotoz}g mh Thlrjh ì kglz gbrgefhe}h> eêo hz}ç xeljgkhe}h trhojxtgmgjok oz zlfeoz ‚ hewxgmrg }omoz oz zleglz jokxeljg}lyoz%
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axfgr mhz}h obnhj}o! eêo zob }omoz oz gzthj}oz! kgz tor rhihrhejlg g xkg hztìjlhmh lmhlg gafxkgz yh~hz! g ixemgkhe}o mo rhtrhzhe}gkhe%³
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Eg ylzêo mh Thlrjh o zlfeo ì wxgawxhr jolzg wxh rhtrhzhe}g gafxkg ox}rgjolzg tgrg gafxìk> o rhtrhzhe}gkhk ì g jolzg wxh rhtrhzhe}g! o obnhj}o ì g jolzgwxh ì rhtrhzhe}gmg3 o le}hrtrh}ge}h (wxh eêo hplz}h eg mhilelæêo mh zlfeohagborgmg tor Zgxzzxrh, ì! tor zxg yh~! xkg }hrjhlrg jolzg wxh! zxrflemo eg khe}hmo le}ìrtrh}h eo kokhe}o hk wxh hah thrjhbh gwxhag trlkhlrg jolzg! ig~ jok wxh
hah g le}hrtrh}h mhz}g kgehlrg! joko zhemo mh ig}o eêo xkg jolzg hk zl! kgz xkgjolzg wxh rhtrhzhe}g xkg ox}rg jolzg%
Joezoge}h g rhagæêo he}rh o rhtrhzhe}gkhe h o obnhj}o rhtrhzhe}gmo! Thlrjhjagzzliljox oz zlfeoz hk }rîz jg}hforlgz>
O ëjoeh! rhihrh+zh go obnhj}o tor xkg zhkha`geæg jok hah Sio}ofrgilg[3 O ëemljh! eêo rhkh}hemo tgrg o obnhj}o mh xkg iorkg mlrhj}g! rhtrhzhe}g
gafo wxh eoz gtoe}g tgrg o khzko (ixko joko ëemljh mh iofo,3 O zëkboao! rhihrh+zh g xk obnhj}o wxh hah mhzlfeg tor xkg hztìjlh mh ahl!
mh joeyheæêo! tor le}hrkìmlo mg lmhlg! hz}gemo rhagjloegmo jok g jxa}xrg
mo lemlyëmxo Stokbg brgejg rhtrhzhe}g tg~/ jorgæêo rhtrhzhe}g gkor[3
Trotoz}g mh Zgxzzxrh
Zgxzzxrh jrlg g mljo}oklg aëefxg+igag G igag eêo ahyg g xk hz}xmo hiljg~ zobrh g aëefxg (eêo ì zxiljlhe}h gegalzgr
gz igagz mh jgmg xk, G jlîejlg wxh jrlg mhmljg+zh go hz}xmo mg aëefxg gthegz Aëefxg zlz}hkg mh zlfeoz3 ì mg ormhk mo zojlga mh xkg lez}l}xlæêo eêo+
iorkga h }hk xk jgrçj}hr mh ahl (obhmhjh äz rhfrgz moz joe}rg}oz zojlglz mgz
jokxelmgmhz,% Ì tor lzzo wxh zh igag mg aëefxg joko xkg `hrgeæg mh xktg}rlkúelo tgzzgmo mh fhrgæêo hk fhrgæêo% @hrgeæg eêo zh mhfrgmg! ìherlwxhjlmg! lemhthemhe}hkhe}h mgz }rgeziorkgæøhz zoirlmgz go aoefo mo}hkto% Gthzgr mlz}o! }hk xk jgrçj}hr lkx}çyha! mhylmo ä grbl}rgrlhmgmh h äjoeyhejloegalmgmh (g aëefxg eêo ì xkg joeyheæêo,%
Zgxzzxrh ml~ wxh zhrlg laxzúrlo gjrhml}gr wxh o zlfeo alefxëz}ljogzzojlg xkg jolzg g xk eokh%
G lkgfhk gjþz}ljg eêo ì o zok hk zl khzko! kgz g £ kgrjg tzëwxljg mhzzhzok! g rhtrhzhe}gæêo wxh mhah eoz ì mgmg thao }hz}hkxe`o moz eozzoz zhe}lmoz³% Ojoejhl}o ì g lmhlg wxh o zlfeo hyojg hk eúz! he}lmgmh tzëwxljg%
Xk zlfeo ì £xkg he}lmgmh tzëwxljg mh mxgz igjhz mh xkg khzkg ioa`g³% Ozlfeo
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Zêo gz mxgz igjhz lezhtgrçyhlz mo zlfeo> g lkgfhk gjþz}ljg (zlfeliljge}h, h ojoejhl}o mhz}h (zlfeliljgmo,%
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Zh eêo }lyhr zlfeliljgmo exkg mh}hrklegmgaëefxg eêo zh rhtrhzhe}g xk zlfeo ‚ eêo `ç rhagæêomh zlfeliljgæêo (o zok eêo joez}l}xl o zlfeo,%
O zlfeo ì xkg xelmgmh tzëwxljg jok mxgzigjhz! aofo wxgemo wxhro mhzlfegr o joejhl}o h glkgfhk gjþz}ljg xzo g khzkg tgagyrg%Hp> /khzg/ zlfeliljge}h (lkgfhk gjþz}ljg,
‑khzg‛ zlfeliljgmo (joejhl}o,> rhtrhzhe}gmo tor xk mhzhe`o
Wxga ì g rhagæêo he}rh zlfeliljge}h h zlfeliljgmo? O zlfeo ì grbl}rçrlo! wxhr ml~hr wxh eêo `ç xkg rhagæêo ehjhzzçrlg he}rh o
zlfeliljge}h h o zlfeliljgmo (}hk mh hplz}lr gafxkg rhagæêo tgrg `gyhr zlfeo% O grbl}rçrlo mo zlfeo ì tor gzzlk ml~hr eorkg}lyo! gbzoax}o! yçalmo h
obrlfg}úrlo3 Eêo hplz}h ehe`xkg ehjhzzlmgmh eg}xrga ox rhga wxh alfxh o zlfeliljgmo go
zlfeliljge}h! aofo ì xkg rhagæêo lko}lygmg (eo zhe}lmo hk wxh eêo `ç
ehe`xkg rhagæêo mh ko}lygæêo wxh eoz ahyh g ml~hr wxh o joejhl}ogbz}rgj}o mh khzg }hk mh jorrhztoemhr ä zoeorlmgmh mh khzg h eêotomhrlg! tor hphktao! jorrhztoemhr ä zoeorlmgmh mh jgmhlrg,%
]rg}g+zh mh xkg joeyheæêo joahj}lyg! lejoezjlhe}hkhe}h x}lal~gmg% G grbl}rgrlhmgmh mo zlfeo eêo wxhr ml~hr wxh oz zlfeliljge}hz tozzgk zhr
hzjoa`lmoz grbl}rgrlgkhe}h tor xk gj}o leyoaxe}çrlo lemlylmxga h wxh! torlzzo! tozzgk zhr ga}hrgmoz mh komo lfxgakhe}h grbl}rçrlo%
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Grbl}rçrlo ì xkg rhagæêo lko}lygmg h! tor lzzo! }rg}g+zh mh xkgjoeyheæêo h tor lzzo ì lktoz}o g }omoz%
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G lmhlg mh jgrçj}hr grbl}rçrlo mo zlfeo hk Zgxzzxrh thrkl}h rhiorægr g lmhlg mh wxhg aëefxg eêo ì xkg eokhejag}xrg! ox zhng! g aëefxg eêo egzjh mg rhagæêo he}rh gzjolzgz h gz tgagyrgz! zh eêo }hrëgkoz xk leyhe}çrlo! g}ì torwxh g rhagæêo eêo zh ig~jok obnhj}oz joejrh}oz kgz jok rhihrhe}hz joez}rxëmoz thag trútrlg alefxgfhk%Tor lzzo! `ç zlfeoz wxh }hk rhihrhe}h kgz eêo zh rhihrhk g obnhj}oz ox g jolzgzrhglz (hp> xeljúreloz! zhrhlgz zlfeoz jok rhihrhe}h jagro! kgz eêo zêo rhglz% Gaëefxg joez}rúl+zh lemhthemhe}hkhe}h mg rhgalmgmh rhga%
Jrë}ljg mh Bheyhelz}h ä trotoz}g mh Zgxzzxrh
Bheyhelz}h yhk gthrihlæogr g lmhlg mh Zgxzzxrh3 Tøh hk jgxzg g lmhlg mg grbl}rgrlhmgmh O trobahkg lejlmh eg hpjhtæêo ä grbl}rgrlhmgmh! eo jgzo mgz oeokg}othlgz>
hagz zêo g hpjhtæêo ä rhagæêo mh rhtrhzhe}gæêo h eêo mh zlfeliljgæêo(Zgxzzxrh joezlmhrg o otoz}o,3
Bheyhelz}h yhk ml~hr wxh g rhagæêo mh zlfeliljgæêo ì gbzoax}gkhe}hehjhzzçrlg! tolz zhk hag eêo `ç zlfeo%
G rhagæêo mh rhtrhzhe}gæêo ì grbl}rçrlg% Bheyhelz}h mlz}lefxh g rhagæêo mo zlfeo jok gwxlao g wxh hah zh rhihrh
(rhihrhe}h,! mg rhagæêo he}rh zlfeliljge}h h zlfeliljgmo3 O wxh ì grbl}rçrlo ì g rhagæêo rhihrhejlga! eêo zhemo grbl}rçrlg kgz
obrlfg}úrlg3 Eêo hplz}h wxgawxhr rhagæêo he}rh o zlfeo h o rhihrhe}h% Hx tozzo j`gkgr
fg}o g molz fg}oz! h xk zhr mgwxhahz zhk tîao h o ox}ro zhr joktah}gkhe}hj`hlo mh tîao% O joejhl}o (zlfeliljgmo, ì o khzko! g lkgfhk zoeorg}gkbìk! h eo he}ge}o o obnhj}o (rhihrhe}h, ì }o}gakhe}h mlihrhe}h%
Otøh+zh go }hrko aëefxg h ì g igyor mo }hrko mlzjxrzo% Zú hplz}h o mlzjxrzo
thag tgr}ljltgæêo mo zxnhl}o eg zxg alefxgfhk! g}rgyìz mg igag%
grbl}rçrlo rhagæêo
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G alefxgfhk rhagjloeg }rîz túaoz> zxnhl}o (o wxh igag,! rhihrhe}h (mh wxhk zh igag, hg aëefxg (o wxh zh ml~,% Gwxhah wxh igag ì kgelihz}ge}h! gwxlao mh wxhk zh igag ì omhzlfegmo! o wxh zh ml~ zêo gz zlfeliljgæøhz%
Mlkhezêo mhzlfegmorg ox rhihrhejlga> Rhagæêo mh rhtrhzhe}gæêo o zlfeo hz}ç g rhtrhzhe}gr g jolzg gxzhe}h% Joezlz}h eg rhagæêo mg alefxgfhk jok gz jolzgz h o hz}gmo mgz jolzgz
hp}hrlorhz% G alefxgfhk rhihrh+zh go wxh ì% Rhagjloeg+zh jok o týr h}lwxh}gz egz jolzgz! mgr+a`hz eokh h hz}g
joejhtæêo zhr gjhl}h tor }omoz3 Jrl}ìrlo mh ygalmgmh> yhrmgmhlro / igazo% G wxhz}êo wxh zh joaojg ì zgbhr zh
g alefxgfhk zh gmhwxg ox eêo gwxlao wxh mhzlfeg! mgë }hr joko jrl}ìrlo mh
ygalmgmh o yhrmgmhlro ox igazo%
Mlkhezêo kgelihz}gmorg/hptrhzzlyg> Rhagjloeg+zh jok g jgtgjlmgmh mh hptrlklr mh mlihrhe}hz kgehlrgz g eozzg
rhagæêo jok o kxemo (jrheægz! joeylæøhz…,3 O ygaor mhz}g mlkhezêo joezlz}h eg zxg ioræg rhag}lg hk ixeæêo mg zxg
hz}rg}ìflg hexejlg}lyg3 ]rg}g+zh mg alfgæêo mg alefxgfhk go zxnhl}o wxh igag h zh hptrlkh> o wxh ì
ml}o! ì ml}o tor gafxìk (`ç zhktrh xk zxnhl}o wxh igag o mlzjxrzo,% Mlzjxrzo ‚ hplz}h zhktrh xk zxnhl}o mh hexejlgæêo (hz}rg}ìflgz
mlzjxrzlygz/mh hexejlgæêo,% Jrl}ìrlo mh ygalmgmh> ml~hr yhrmgmh/khe}lrg (zlejhrlmgmh! igazlmgmh!
joeyljæêo! mhzhno! jrheæg! h}j%,
Mlkhezêo zëfeljg/zlkbúaljg> Jgtgjlmgmh mg alefxgfhk mh gbz}rgjæêo h mh joez}rxæêo mh joejhl}oz fhrglz% Zgbhr zh mh}hrklegmo joejhl}o hplz}h ox eêo eo zlz}hkg mg aëefxg% Hz}gbhahjh+zh g rhagæêo mh zlfeoz alefxëz}ljoz goz joejhl}oz xelyhrzglz h
fhrglz h zxgz alfgæøhz zle}çj}ljgz% Ì mg ormhk mo zlz}hkg mg aëefxg% Hz}gbhahjh+zh eo gj}o mo ixejloegkhe}o mg aëefxg3 G zlfeliljgæêo ì! tor mhilelæêo! jlrjxagr3 lemhthemhe}hkhe}h moz ygaorhz
rhihrhejlglz h mg ioræg hptrhzzg mg hexejlgæêo! jgmg zlfeo rhkh}h zhktrhtgrg ox}ro zlfeo> ì tor lzzo wxh xk mljloeçrlo ì xk rhtozl}úrlo ihj`gmo mhzlfeoz wxh rhheylgk tgrg ox}roz lemhilelmgkhe}h ‚ ì g joeyhejloegalmgmh hg jagxzxrg mo zlz}hkg mh zlfeoz wxh mhileh g zxg zlfeliljgæêo%
Rhagæêo mh zlfeliljgæêo> Zlfeliljge}h → lkgfhk gjþz}ljg Zlfeliljgmo → joejhl}o
Jrl}ìrlo mh ygalmgmh> joemlæêo mh tozzlblalmgmh eo zlz}hkg mg aëefxg% Hplz}hox eêo eo zlz}hkg mg aëefxg3
‑Joemlæêo mh yhrmgmh‛/gbzxrmo> o wxh eêo }hk zlfeliljgæêo! o wxh tomh zhr
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Joejaxzêo> G alefxgfhk wxgemo gr}ljxagmg eo mlzjxrzo }hk g jgtgjlmgmh mh joejlalgr g
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jgtgjlmgmh gx}o+rhiahplyg%
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Hz}gz ixeæøhz eêo zêo ehjhzzgrlgkhe}h hpjaxzlygz% ]hk xkg ixeæêotgrgmopga ‚ gz ixeæøhz tomhk johplz}lr hk wxgawxhr gj}o hexejlg}lyo! oxzhng! mh oz hexejlgmoz eêo hz}grhk gthegz yoa}gmoz tgrg jolzgz hp}hrlorhz!kgz zh rhihrlrhk }gkbìk g zl trútrloz h go gj}o mh hexejlgæêo wxh gztromx~! ox zhng! mh tozzxërhk! tgrg gaìk mh xk ygaor rhihrhejlga! }gkbìkygaorhz mëj}ljoz h gx}o+rhiahplyoz%
Ì mhylmo g hz}g eg}xrh~g tgr}ljxagr mg rhagæêo hexejlgmoz jok oz gj}oz mgzxg hexejlgæêo wxh mhjorrh xk moz }ltoz mh tgrgmopoz mg alefxgfhk wxhhejoe}rgkoz ehz}h }lto mh hexejlgmo ‚ hp> ‑hx eêo igao tor}xfxîz‛%
Ehz}hz hexejlgmoz! gz ixeæøhz rhihrhejlga mëj}ljg johplz}hk exkg rhagæêotgrgmopga torwxh zhemo yhrmgmh o wxh o hexejlgmo ml~ he}êo ehk zhwxhrmhyhrlg }hr hplz}lmo g tozzlblalmgmh mh zh tromx~lr g zxg hexejlgæêo ‚ eêotozzo ml~hr wxh eêo hz}ox gwxl hz}gemo gwxl%
O aojx}or eêo tomh! zhk zh joe}rgml~hr! gilrkgr ox thezgr gafo h gilrkgrwxh eêo gilrkg gwxlao wxh! eo he}ge}o! koz}rg wxh gilrkg ox thezg thaoigj}o mh o ml~hr%
G hexejlgæêo
G rhagæêo hexejlgmo/hexejlgæêo> o mlj}xk h o komxz
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He}rh gwxlao wxh o hexejlgmo gilrkg h gwxlao wxh g hexejlgæêo koz}rghplz}h xkg hztìjlh mh rhagæêo mh mlihrlkhe}o ox mh mhzaojgæêo% G zoaxæêomhz}h tgrgmopo zú ì zoaxjloeçyha zh gmkl}lrkoz wxh zh }rg}gk mh mxgzlez}âejlgz mh eg}xrh~g mlihrhe}h%
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hexejlgæêo
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G rhihrhejlg ì tgr}h le}hfrge}h mg hexejlgæêo kgz zêo rhgalmgmhzgx}úeokgz tolz eêo tomhkoz joeixemlr gz joemlæøhz mh yhrmgmh mohexejlgmo jok gz joemlæøhz mh gjhl}gblalmgmh! rg~ogblalmgmh! zxjhzzomg zxg hexejlgæêo%
Gz joemlæøhz mh yhrmgmh mo mlj}xk zêo gx}úeokgz hk rhagæêo äz joemlæøhz
mh gjhl}gblalmgmh ox mh zxjhzzo mo gj}o mg zxg hexejlgæêo% G hexejlgæêo ì o gjoe}hjlkhe}o wxh ig~ hplz}lr ox hplz}h exk hexejlgmo% G hexejlgæêo eêo hz}g zxnhl}g g rhfrgz mh yhrmgmh kgz g rhfrgz eg}xrglz% O trojhzzo mh rhihrhejlg }hk g lktor}ge}h ixeæêo mh mhilelr gz iroe}hlrgz
wxh mhalkl}gk o kxemo trútrlo mo mlzjxrzo g wxh gafxez gj}orhz j`gkgkmh wxgmroz mh zhe}lmo (Foiikge,
Oz wxgmroz mh zhe}lmo zêo iroe}hlrgz wxh mhalkl}gk xk hztgæo mhe}ro mowxga mh}hrklegmgz rhgalmgmhz zêo rg~oçyhlz h tagxzëyhlz h iorg mgz wxglzzhrlgk joezlmhrgmgz gbzxrmgz%
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Tgrg txmhrhk zhr gjhl}hz joko rg~oçyhlz! oz le}hraojx}orhz hz}gbhahjhkxkg hztìjlh mh joe}rg}o rhihrhejlga% Hz}h joe}rg}o rhihrhejlga mhileh ggjhl}gblalmgmh! rg~ogblalmgmh%
Joe}rg}o rhihrhejlga> gwxlao wxh eoz thrkl}h joezlmhrgr rg~oçyha hgjhl}çyha o wxh oz ox}roz ml~hk! kgz g tgr}lr mo kokhe}o hk wxh gafxìkhptaljl}g o joe}rgj}o tgrg o rhiorkxagr ox g}ì khzko tgrg o rhnhl}gr! hahmhlpg mh ixejloegr tgrg zxrflr xk ox}ro joe}rgj}o rhihrhejlga wxh hewxgmrhg tgr}lr mgl o zhe}lmo moz hexejlgmoz! mlzjxrzoz wxh yhe`gk ojorrhr%
‑Hx eêo igao tor}xfxîz‛ zh hz}g hexejlgæêo ojorrhx! he}êo wxhk o mlzzh hz}gyg g
khe}lr%
Zh g alefxgfhk thrkl}h g rhgalmgmh mhz}g hexejlgæêo! ox zhng! g zxgojorrîejlg hewxge}o igj}o lejoe}oreçyha! he}êo eêo }hk zhe}lmo lezlz}lrkoz eggyhrlfxgæêo eo wxh rhzthl}g äz zxgz joemlæøhz wxh lejlmhk zobrh o zxjhzzo mgtrútrlg ojorrîejlg mo gj}o mh ml~hr (ygaorhz mëj}ljoz, }hk wxh yhr jok g zxggjhl}gblalmgmh! rg~ogblalmgmh h zxjhzzo%
Hexejlgmo> ‑Hx thezo wxh gkge`ê ygl j`oyhr‛ Thezo wxh ‚ rhiahj}h g komgalmgmh mg zxg hexejlgæêo (komxz,%Gkge`ê ygl j`oyhr ‚ gwxlao wxh o hexejlgmo ml~ (hexejlgmo,
Xkg mgz iorkgz mh rhiahpo mh hexejlgæêo ì g}rgyìz moz j`gkgmozkgrjgmorhz thriorkg}lyoz (ox mo komxz,> ‑mlfo wxh‛! ‑jrhlo wxh‛! ‑thezo wxh‛%
Gthzgr mh o zxnhl}o mg hexejlgæêo eêo mhlpgr mh hz}gr trhzhe}h eohexejlgmo joko joemlæêo mg zxg hplz}îejlg! gz joemlæøhz mh yhrmgmh mo mlj}xkzêo gx}úeokgz hk rhagæêo äz joemlæøhz mh gjhl}gblalmgmh ox mo zxjhzzo mo gj}o mgzxg hexejlgæêo% Zú o mlj}xk ì wxh zh tomh rhihrlr ä zxg yhrmgmh ox igazlmgmh%
G }rgeziorkgæêo mo zxnhl}o mh hexejlgæêo hk zxnhl}o mo hexejlgmo eêotomh othrgr+zh eo le}hrlor mo trútrlo hexejlgmo wxh zh tromx~! g eêo zhr zob giorkg mh komxz h exejg mh mlj}xk% Tgrg zh joeyhr}hr hk mlj}xk! g hexejlgæêo
}hk mh zhr le}hfrgmg exkg eoyg hexejlgæêo wxh igag mhag! zhemo tor lzzo o
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trojhzzo mh rhagæêo he}rh g hexejlgæêo h o hexejlgmo xkg rhagæêo mh mlihrlkhe}oox mhzaojgæêo le}hrkleçyha%
Gzzlk xk aojx}or eêo tomh! zhk zh joe}rgml~hr! gilrkgr ox thezgr gafo hgilrkgr wxh eêo gilrkg ox eêo thezg gwxlao wxh! eo he}ge}o! koz}rg wxh gilrkg oxthezg! thao igj}o mh ml~hr% Hz}g rhagæêo mh mlihrlkhe}o ox mhzaojgæêo he}rh
hexejlgæêo h hexejlgmo ì xkg rhagæêo mh gblzko% ‑Hz}ç xk alemo mlg‛! ‑Hx mlzzhwxh hz}ç xk alemo mlg‛! ‑Hx mlzzh wxh }le`g ml}o wxh hz}gyg xk alemo mlg‛%
Zxbnhj}lylmgmh mo mlzjxrzo h le}hrzxbnhj}lylmgmh mg alefxgfhk
Exejg hejoe}rgrhkoz o `okhk zhtgrgmo mg alefxgfhk h exejg o yhrhkozzhtgrgmo mg alefxgfhk h exejg o yhrhkoz leyhe}gemo+g! torwxh ì eg h thagalefxgfhk wxh o `okhk zh joez}l}xl joko zxnhl}o torwxh zú eg alefxgfhk ixemgrhgakhe}h g zxg rhgalmgmh wxh ì g mo zhr o joejhl}o mh ‑hfo‛%
G zxbnhj}lylmgmh mh wxh }rg}gkoz gwxl ì g jgtgjlmgmh mo aojx}or zh joaojgrjoko zxnhl}o%
G zxbnhj}lylmgmh mh wxh }rg}gkoz gwxl ì g jgtgjlmgmh mo aojx}or zh joaojgrjoko zxnhl}o% Org! hz}g zxbnhj}lylmgmh eêo ì zheêo g hkhrfîejlg eo zhr mh xkgtrotrlhmgmh ixemgkhe}ga mg alefxgfhk (ì hfo wxhk ml~ hfo, h hejoe}rgkoz gwxl oixemgkhe}o mg zxbnhj}lylmgmh wxh zh mh}hrkleg thao hz}g}x}o alefxëz}ljo mgthzzog%
G joezjlîejlg mh zl zú ì tozzëyha zh zh }oregr joe`hjlkhe}o mh zl torjoe}rgz}h% Hx zú x}lal~o ‑hx‛ go mlrlflr+kh g gafxìk wxh eg kle`g gaojxæêo zhrç xk‑}x‛% Ì ehz}g joemlæêo mh mlçaofo wxh ì joez}l}x}lyg mh thzzog! tolz lktaljg wxhrhjltrojgkhe}h ‑hx‛ kh }oreh ‑}x‛ eg gaojxæêo mgwxhahz wxh! tor zxg yh~! zh
mhzlfeg ‑hx‛%
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2% Hztgæo tþbaljo! ahfl}lklmgmh h otlelêo tþbaljg2%7 G hkhrfîejlg mg wxhz}êo jokxeljgjloega eg komhrelmgmh
g tgr}lr mo zìj% PLY
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Egz zojlhmgmhz }rgmljloeglz! }gkbìk mhzlfegmgz mh zojlhmgmhz ihj`gmgz!jgrgj}hrl~gmgz thag jokxeljgæêo hz}gr rhfxagmg tor wxgmroz mh zhe}lmo!rhag}lygkhe}h hz}çyhlz! mhilelmoz mhe}ro mgz iroe}hlrgz mgz jokxelmgmhz mhthr}heæg% G ahfl}lklmgmh tgrg ml~hr ox tgrg gflr hrg }rgmljloegakhe}h rhfxagmgthao rhzthl}o lemlzjx}ëyha mg gx}orlmgmh mg }rgmlæêo%
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Gz rhfrgz h gz eorkgz wxh tgx}gk gz eozzgz mhjlzøhz hz}êo ixemgkhe}gmgzehzzhz wxgmroz mh zhe}lmo% Oz wxgmroz mh zhe}lmo mgz zojlhmgmhz }rgmljloeglzgzzhe}gk eg }rgmlæêo ox exk aojx}or wxh zh eoz gtrhzhe}g joko gbzoax}gkhe}hlewxhz}loeçyha h wxh zxrfh joko xkg lez}âejlg }rgezjhemhe}h% Hzzg lez}âejlg}rgezjhemhe}h tomh zhr g }rgmlæêo ox xkg he}lmgmh mlyleg (xk Mhxz,! kgz ìhpgj}gkhe}h lzzo wxh ahyg g wxh zh joezlmhrh hz}g lez}âejlg trg}ljgkhe}hlewxhz}loeçyha%
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Rhyoaxæêo IrgejhzgZìj% PYLLL
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G jokxeljgæêo eêo zxrflg joko xkg wxhz}êo jhe}rga eg zojlhmgmh% Zútgzzox g zî+ao jok g ylrgfhk tgrg gz zojlhmgmhz komhregz%
Thao joe}rçrlo! eo kxemo komhreo! g leoygæêo ì xk trojhzzo gjhahrgmo hgz tozlæøhz joe}rgml}úrlgz johplz}hk eo zhlo mg khzkg zojlhmgmh zhk wxhehe`xkg gjgbh tor zh lktor ox zxbz}l}xlr mhilel}lygkhe}h%
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Wxhk }hk ahfl}lklmgmh tgrg ml}gr gz rhfrgz eg ylmg zojlga?Egz zojlhmgmhz }rgmljloeglz! gz rhfrgz zêo lktoz}gz thag gx}orlmgmhz mlyleg
ox thag ioræg mg }rgmlæêo h hagz gtrhzhe}gk+zh joko xk aojx}or wxh ml}g gz rhfrgzmo ml~hr! thezgr h ig~hr3 h hzzh aojx}or ì gbzoax}gkhe}h zhfxro h lewxhz}loeçyha! oxzhng! elefxìk oxzg tor hk jgxzg g gx}orlmgmh mh mhxz ox mg }rgmlæêo%
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troalihrgk exkg zìrlh mh jgktoz zojlglz jok gx}oeoklg% Jgmg xkmhz}hz jgktoz trojxrg joktor xk axfgr jhe}rga! mhlpgemo hkgbhr}o thao rhalflozo%
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mo jgkto rhalflozo zobrh gz hzihrgz hjoeúkljg! toaë}ljg! jlhe}liljg! khmljg! nxrëmljgmh komo g wxh gafxez gx}orhz gz j`gkgk mh ‑zojlhmgmhz irgfkhe}gmgz‛%
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Rhtrhzhe}gæøhz mo Kxemo
]rgmlæêo Leoygæêo Komhrelmgmh
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Eêo tomhkoz joeixemlr lez}l}xlæêo jok orfgel~gæêo% O jgkto zojlga ì ylz}ojoko lez}l}xlæêo h joko }ga tomh gbgrjgr xkg ox yçrlgz orfgel~gæøhz% Hphktao> ojgkto kìmljo eêo zh hzfo}g eg orfgel~gæêo `oztl}gagr! joktor}g jhe}roz kìmljoz!mlrhjæøhz fhrglz mh zgþmh! joe}roao mgz çfxgz ‚ orfgel~gæøhz wxh thrkl}hk oixejloegkhe}o mg lez}l}xlæêo kìmljg%
Jorto h zlkbúaljg moz jgktoz zojlglz
Ì thag lktozlæêo mh xkg zlkbúaljg trútrlg wxh oz jgktoz zojlglzgzzhfxrgk g zxg ylzlblalmgmh tþbaljg% G ylzlblalmgmh mo jorto zojlga ì }ge}o kglorwxge}o kglz iorkga ior g orfgel~gæêo mo rhzthj}lyo jgkto%
#
ylzlblalmgmh#
iorkgalmgmh
gx}oeokl~gæêo moz jgktozzojlglz
mhzheyoaylkhe}o mgzjlîejlgz komhregz
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Hplz}hk mxgz iorkgz mh ylzlblalmgmh g xk frxto zojlga> g kgelihz}g (yhz}lrigrmgz! tor hphktao, h mh thr}heæg (g alefxgfhk! fhz}oz trútrloz wxh mh xkmh}hrklegmo frxto,%
Gz lez}l}xlæøhz wxh rhfxagk o hztgæo tþbaljo gfh mh kgehlrg leiorkga ä
lkgfhk mg trútrlg lez}l}xlæêo mg alefxgfhk% Gzzlk! o yhz}xçrlo! g zhpxgalmgmh! gfhz}xgalmgmh zêo }ge}o kglz tomhrozoz h ahfë}lkoz wxge}o kheoz ylzëyha hjoezjlhe}h ì g ioræg ylejxag}lyg mg zxg le}hryheæêo%
Ixeæøhz moz jgktoz zojlglz
Xk jgkto zojlga mhzhkthe`g 2 }ltoz mh ixeæøhz mhe}ro mo zhx jgkto mhjokth}îejlg> ixeæøhz hptrhzzlygz ox mlzjxrzlygz eo mokëelo mo ml~hr! hixeæøhz trgfkç}ljgz eo mokëelo mo ig~hr%
Jgmg jgkto ml}g gzzlk gz rhfrgz mh joeiorklmgmh h joeyhelîejlg mo ml~hr hmo ig~hr eoz mokëeloz mg jokth}îejlg%
Rhflkhz mh ixejloegkhe}o
Xk jgkto zojlga tozzxl xk rhflkh mh ixejloegkhe}o joezoge}h oz axfgrhzh oz kokhe}oz3 mhe}ro moz kokhe}oz h aojglz gtrotrlgmoz tomhkoz ml~hr wxh xkjgkto zojlga ixejloeg hk rhflkh gjhahrgmo% Iorg mhzzhz kokhe}oz h aojglzzlkboaljgkhe}h gtrotrlgmoz! oz jgktoz zojlglz ixejloegk hk rhflkh ahe}o%
Fgrge}hk h ylflgk g eorkgalmgmh mo ixejloegkhe}o mo }hjlmo zojlga eo wxhml~ rhzthl}o äz zxgz ormhez hptrhzzlyg h trgfkç}ljg%
Mh xkg kgehlrg fhrga! wxgawxhr jgkto zojlga wxh eêo trhzhryh xk
mh}hrklegmo rl}ko mh gjhahrgæêo }hemh g mlaxlr+zh h g heirgwxhjhr g zxg iorægjohrjlyg%
Ì eo mhjorrhr mg gjhahrgæêo mh rl}ko wxh xk jgkto zojlga zh iorkgal~g hgxkhe}g g zxg ylzlblalmgmh zlkbúaljg%
# gjhahrgæêo mo rl}ko ; # iorkgalmgmh ; # ylzlblalmgmh zlkbúaljg
G gx}oeokl~gæêo mo jgkto moz khmlg
Hplz}hk kokhe}oz hk wxh tomh ojorrhr xkg gjhahrgæêo mo jgkto zojlga%Jgmg xk moz jgktoz johplz}h jok xkg kxa}ltaljlmgmh mh ox}roz jgktoz% Oztrojhzzoz h gz ixeæøhz moz mlihrhe}hz jgktoz rhzxa}gk mh rhiahpoz oxle}hrihrîejlgz wxh mhzlfegkoz tor mlkhezøhz tþbaljgz wxh zh tronhj}gk eozox}roz jgktoz%
G mlkhezêo tþbaljg jorrhztoemh ä eoæêo mh le}hrigjh he}rh oz mlihrhe}hzjgktoz zojlglz%
Xk jgkto ì }ge}o kglz ior}h wxge}o kglz joezhfxlr lktor goz ox}roz g zxggploaoflg (joenxe}o mh ygaorhz h trlejëtloz lehrhe}hz g jgmg jgkto, h wxge}o kglorior o eþkhro mh jgktoz hk wxh joezhfxlr tronhj}ç+ao%
Komgalmgmhz hz}rg}ìfljgz moz jgktoz (iorkg joko oz mlihrhe}hz jgktoz zojlglz}he}gk tronhj}gr g zxg leiaxhejlg xez eoz ox}roz,>
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Komgalmgmh mh joothrgæêo Komgalmgmh mh joeial}o
Egz zojlhmgmhz joktahpgz! eg komhrelmgmh! hz}gz hz}rg}ìflgz }hk wxh yhrjok g iorkg joko oz mlihrhe}hz jgktoz trojxrgk rhtgr}lr kgz }gkbìk gxkhe}gr
g ioræg mg zxg le}hryheæêo%G joothrgæêo ixejloeg joko xkg komgalmgmh mlzzxgzorg mgz mlihrheægz h
eo ixemo trhzzxtøh g gexagæêo mgz hzthjliljlmgmh mh jgmg jgkto ig~hemo mgehx}rgalmgmh xk ygaor ixemgkhe}ga%
Wxgemo zh gjhe}xg g trh}hezêo mh molz ox kglz jgktoz mh lktorhk g zxgormhk gploaúfljg gzzlz}lkoz go mhzheroagr mh xkg komgalmgmh hz}rg}ìfljgjoeial}xga%
O joeial}o zxrfh zhktrh wxh ojorrh xk trojhzzo mh gx}oeokl~gæêo mh xkghzihrg g}ì he}êo lemlzjx}lyhakhe}h zxbormlegmg g xk ox kglz jgktoz lez}l}xëmozjok o zxrflkhe}o mh trç}ljgz wxh rokthk oz mlzjxrzoz h oz joktor}gkhe}oz
joeiorkhz gz rhfrgz wxh }rgmljloegakhe}h o jgkto hk wxh zh lezjrhylgk ml}gygk%Txbaljlmgmh trojhzzo mh }oregr tþbaljo
Jok g gx}oeokl~gæêo h jok g joez}l}xlæêo komhreg moz jgktoz zojlglzlez}l}xl+zh gwxlao g wxh mgkoz o eokh mh txbaljlmgmh% G txbaljlmgmh ì o trojhzzomh }oregr tþbaljo rhzxa}ge}h mg joktg}lblal~gæêo he}rh g ahfl}lklmgmh mozmlihrhe}hz jgktoz zojlglz% Ì hz}h trojhzzo wxh hz}ç eg orlfhk mo zxrflkhe}o mojgkto moz khmlg! wxh zxrfh joko o jgkto hzthjlgal~gmo eg rhfxagæêo moz ygaorhzmg txbaljlmgmh moz ox}roz jgktoz zojlglz%
G eg}xrh~g }hezloega mg rhagæêo he}rh oz mlihrhe}hz jgktoz zojlglz hz}ç eg
orlfhk mg trofrhzzlyg gx}oeokl~gæêo mo jgkto moz khmlg% O jgkto moz khmlgjoez}l}xl+zh eg komhrelmgmh joko xk jgkto rhag}lygkhe}h gx}úeoko gzzojlgmogo mhzhkthe`o mgz ixeæøhz mh rhfxagæêo lemlzthezçyhlz ä fhz}êo mgz rhagæøhzhe}rh oz mlihrhe}hz jgktoz zojlglz%
Ì gzzlk wxh eêo fhrh trotrlgkhe}h xk mokëelo mh hpthrlhejlg hzthjëiljgkgz xk mokëelo joez}l}xëmo tor xkg tgr}h moz mokëeloz mg hpthrlîejlg wxh ozrhz}ge}hz jgktoz zojlglz mhahfgk% Ì tor lzzo wxh ml~hkoz wxh o jgkto moz khmlgtozzxl xkg ahfl}lklmgmh mh eg}xrh~g mhahfgmg ox yljçrlg%
O jgkto moz khmlg ì xk galgmo tomhrozo moz ox}roz jgktoz zojlglz kgz
ehk zhktrh hzzg rhagæêo ì tgjëiljg torwxh! hkborg eêo tozzgk trhzjlemlr mojgkto moz khmlg tgrg g lktozlæêo mg zxg ylzlblalmgmh txbaljg! oz jgktoz eêomhlpgk tor lzzo mh joezlmhrgr o mlzjxrzo khmlç}ljo jok zxzthlæêo! gjxzgemo+okxl}gz yh~hz mh eêo rhzthl}gr g gx}he}ljlmgmh h o rlfor moz zhxz mlzjxrzozhzthjlgal~gmoz h mh g}rglæogr oz zhxz ygaorhz%
Gz ixeæøhz hptrhzzlygz trhmoklegk zobrh gz trgfkç}ljgz! xkg yh~ wxhgwxlao wxh jgrgj}hrl~g o jgkto moz khmlg ì hah ig~hr xkg fhz}êo mh mlzjxrzoz%
Eêo eoz tomhkoz hzwxhjhr mh wxh o mlzjxrzo gzzxkh }gkbìk xkg ixeæêotrgfkç}ljg eg khmlmg hk wxh joezlz}h exk joenxe}o mh gj}oz mh alefxgfhk kgzwxh jorrhztoemhk g xk ig~hr! g xkg le}hryheæêo mo}gmoz mh hihl}oz wxh zhrhthrjx}hk eo joenxe}o mg zojlhmgmh%
O hihl}o kglz eo}çyha wxh o jgkto moz khmlg hphrjh zobrh g eozzghpthrlhejlg mo kxemo ì o j`gkgmo hihl}o mh rhgalmgmh%
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O }hrko KHMLG gmwxlrh xk zhe}lmo kglz gbz}rgj}o mgwxhah wxh zxtøh ghptrhzzêo kgzz khmlg% Khmlg }rg}g mh mhzlfegr g lez}l}xlæêo wxh zh gx}oeokl~g egkomhrelmgmh wxh ì mo}gmg mh ahfl}lklmgmh tgrg he}hemhr g fhz}êo moz mlztozl}lyozmh khmlgæêo mh hpthrlhejlg h moz rhz}ge}hz jgktoz zojlglz%
O jgkto moz khmlg ì xkg lez}l}xlæêo iaxlmg h mlzzhklegmg (}rgezyhrzga,
thao joenxe}o mo }hjlmo zojlga h jxng joezxkgæêo ojorrhx hihj}lygkhe}h gthegz egmìjgmg mh 04 mo zìjxao PP! ga}xrg hk wxh o tageh}g iljg le}hlrgkhe}h jobhr}o thaozzg}ìal}hz mh }hahjokxeljgæøhz wxh hz}êo eg orlfhk mgz gj}xglz rhmhz mh leiorkgæêokhmlç}ljg%
Joezxkgæêo moz khmlg hptgezêo mgz }hahjokxeljgæøhz
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Kxmgeæg Hz}rx}xrga mg Hzihrg Tþbaljg! @GBHRKGZ
Ì g tgr}lr mg zhfxemg kh}gmh mo zìjxao PYLLL wxh gzzlz}lkoz gogtgrhjlkhe}o mg jg}hforlg mg otlelêo tþbaljg h mg zxg lez}l}xjloegal~gæêo jokojgkto gx}úeoko mh ahfl}lklmgmh% G otlelêo tþbaljg zú tomh tor mhilelæêo hplz}lr
wxgemo xk tþbaljo wxh ig~ xzo mg rg~êo hz}ç heyoaylmo! ì g otlelêo tþbaljgmhylmgkhe}h ixemgkhe}gmg wxh trokoyh g ioræg mo kha`or grfxkhe}o%
G tgr}lr mg hzihrg tþbaljg al}hrçrlg gzzlz}lkoz go gtgrhjlkhe}o mg hzihrgtþbaljg toaë}ljg%
G hzihrg tþbaljg bxrfxhzg tomh zhr he}hemlmg leljlgakhe}h joko g hzihrgmgz thzzogz trlygmgz rhxelmgz hk tþbaljo3 hagz rhlylemljgk hz}g hzihrg tþbaljgrhfxagkhe}gmg thag gx}orlmgmh! kgz mlrhj}gkhe}h joe}rg g trútrlg gx}orlmgmh! gilk mh mlzjx}lr jok hag gz ahlz fhrglz mg }rojg eg hzihrg trlygmg! kgz txbaljgkhe}hrhahyge}h%
G hzihrg toaë}ljg ì he}hemlmg joko o joenxe}o mh mlzjxrzo h mh gjæøhz wxh
le}hrihrhk eg hpthrlîejlg mg le}hrgjæêo h mg zojlgblalmgmh%Oz trojhzzoz jokxeljgjloeglz hz}êo le}lkgkhe}h rhagjloegmoz jok gjoez}l}xlæêo mh xkg hzihrg tþbaljg! zhemo hzzg rhztoezçyha tor mhl}gr gz eorkgzmo ml~hr h mo gflr moz gj}orhz zojlglz% Ehz}h zhe}lmo! tomhkoz ml~hr wxh g hzihrgtþbaljg ì o hztgæo hk wxh o nofo mgz le}hrgjæøhz zojlglz fge`g ylzlblalmgmh zojlga! ìtor lzzo wxh g jokxeljgæêo eêo tomh zhr ylz}g gthegz joko lez}rxkhe}o tgrg}rgezkl}lr leiorkgæêo%
G jokxeljgæêo ì zobrh}xmo o trojhzzo lez}l}xle}h mo hztgæo tþbaljo hk wxhzh mhzheroagk gz gjæøhz h oz mlzjxrzoz h wxh zh joeilfxrg xkg aofokgwxlg%
O joejhl}o mh hztgæo tþbaljo joko xk hztgæo mlzjxrzlyo! zlkbúaljo h }rgez+`lz}úrljo%
G hzihrg txbaljg al}hrçrlg eêo ì gx}oj}oehkhe}h bxrfxhzg3 hag trhzhryg xkgjoe}lexlmgmh hk rhagæêo ä rhtrhzhe}g}lylmgmh tþbaljg mg jor}h%
Trlygmo ‑Trlyg}xz‛ Tþbaljo ‑Txbaljxz‛ Olcoz ‚ rhagæøhz mh trotrlhmgmh h mh
mokëelo mo zhe`orTúalz ‚ çrhg mo mokëelo tþbaljo!
tgagyrg h gjæêohzihrg trlygmg ; olcoz hzihrg tþbaljg ; túalz
Eg jlmgmh mh hz}gmo mg mhkojrgjlg frhfg! g hzihrg tþbaljg ì mhzlfegmg tortúalz3 zxrfh zhtgrgmg mg hzihrg trlygmg mhzlfegmg tor olcoz3 trhygahjhk gz
rhagæøhz mh trotrlhmgmh h mh moklegæêo moz zhe`orhz mg jgzg zobrh gz kxa`hrhz!gz jrlgeægz h oz hzjrgyoz%G trgæg tþbaljg ì o aojga tgrg mhbg}hr oz gzzxe}oz rhag}lyoz ä foyhregæêo mg
jlmgmh h mhzheyoayhr gz gr}hz mg rh}úrljg%
Hzihrg mg Túalz
jokxk g }omoz
Hzihrg mg Olcoz
tgr}ljxagr! lemlylmxga
lejaxl o }rgbga`o h ggj}lylmgmh hjoeúkljg (ohz}gmo eêo le}hrihrh gwxl,
zhtgrgmg
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Eg lmgmh Kìmlg! g gx}orlmgmh tþbaljg h trlygmg ixemhk+zh exkg xelmgmhlezhtgrçyha nç wxh gkbgz zêo g hkgegæêo mh xk þeljo tomhr wxh ì o tomhr mozhe`or ihxmga% O zhe`or ihxmga rhtrhzhe}g g ormhk joahj}lyg wxh zh }oreg ylzëyhag}rgyìz mg oz}he}gæêo moz zhxz g}rlbx}oz h zëkboaoz%
Jok g Komhrelmgmh! zxrfhk eoygz orfgel~gæøhz hjoeúkljgz eg zojlhmgmh
mhylmo ä gx}oeokl~gæêo mgz hzihrgz tþbaljgz h trlygmgz zxrflkhe}o mg jagzzh khrjge}la trojhzzo mh agljl~gæêo mg lfrhng joezoalmgæêo mg hjoeoklg bxrfxhzg tgragkhe}grl~gæêo mg ylmg toaë}ljg
Hz}g hzihrg txbaljg ygl zxrflr joko xk hztgæo mh khmlgæêo he}rh g hzihrg mo tomhrtoal}ljo (rhtrhzhe}gmo thao Hz}gmo h rhztoezçyha thagz mhjlzøhz toaë}ljgz wxhml~hk rhzthl}o ä zojlhmgmh, h ä hzihrg ëe}lkg%
Hz}g hpthrlîejlg mo hztgæo tþbaljo egzjh eg gr}h h eg al}hrg}xrg hzihrg tþbaljgal}hrçrlg% G hpthrlîejlg eo jgkto mgz gr}hz hz}hemh+zh go jgkto mg toaë}ljg%
Ì g tgr}lr mg 2® kh}gmh mo zìjxao PYLLL wxh gzzlz}lkoz go gtgrhjlkhe}o mgjg}hforlg mh otlelêo tþbaljg h mg zxg lez}l}xjloegal~gæêo joko jgkto gx}úeoko mh
ahfl}lklmgmh%Oz jgiìz! oz zgaøhz! oz jaxbhz! jxno obnhj}o ì g mlzjxzzêo mh lmhlgz! zêo ozaojglz oemh gz jorrhe}hz mh otlelêo zh iorkgk g tgr}lr mg mlzjxzzêo mh otleløhzjoe}royhrzgz% Mhz}gz mlzjxzzøhz hkgegk }hp}oz wxh g lktrhezg mhtrhzzg mlyxafg%
G trlkhlrg hpthrlîejlg zojlga mh xkg hzihrg tþbaljg zxrfh eo âkbl}o mgjxa}xrg%
G otlelêo tþbaljg zú tomh tor mhilelæêo hplz}lr wxgemo o tþbaljo wxh ig~ xzomg rg~êo hz}ç heyoaylmo%
G tgr}lr mg hzihrg txbaljg al}hrçrlg gzzlz}lkoz go gtgrhjlkhe}o mg hzihrgtþbaljg toaë}ljg%
O jrl}ìrlo ì o xzo mg rg~êo eo âkbl}o mh xk hztgæo jokxeljgjloega h tor
lzzo o hztgæo tþbaljo komhreo mhyh g zxg joeilfxrgæêo h joezgfrgæêo äz trlkhlrgz
Zhj}or trlygmo
Zojlhmgmh jlyla
Hjoeoklg/Khrjgmo/]rgbga`o
Igkëalg
Hzihrg ëe}lkg
hzihrg mo tomhr toaë}ljo
Hz}gmo
Gmklelz}rgæêo/Hpìrjl}o
Grlz}ojrgjlg
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hzihrgz tþbaljgz bxrfxhzgz joez}l}xëmgz tor thzzogz trlygmgz wxh zh rhxelgk hkzgaøhz! jgiìz tgrg }rojgr hpthrlîejlgz%
Oz jlmgmêoz he}rgygk eg hzihrg tþbaljg jok bgzh eg gx}oeoklg wxh a`hzhrg joeihrlmg thagz zxgz ylmgz trlygmgz h rhagæøhz jëyljgz%
Hz}g hpthrlîejlg mh }oregr jokxk }omo xk joenxe}o mh hpthrlîejlgz
trlygmgz }rgezl}g toz}hrlorkhe}h tgrg g hzihrg tþbaljg toaë}ljg h joezgfrg o hztgæotþbaljo joko hztgæo mg rgjloegalmgmh! mg lfxgamgmh! gbhr}xrg h mhkojrgjlg%
O zxrflkhe}o mg hzihrg tþbaljg bxrfxhzg mo zìjxao PYLLL }rgmx~ xkgkxmgeæg mg bgzh mh ahfl}lkgæêo mo tomhr h tor lzzo g }grhig mhz}g hzihrg ì grhfxagkhe}gæêo mg zojlhmgmh jlyla h heirhe}g g gx}orlmgmh mh koegrwxlghz}gbhahjlmg joe}hz}gemo o zhx tomhr%
Ì g tgr}lr mo zìjxao PYLLL wxh g hzihrg tþbaljg bxrfxhzg joewxlz}g g zxgmlkhezêo toaë}ljg rhfxagkhe}gemo g rhagæêo he}rh o Hz}gmo h gz ehjhzzlmgmhz mgzojlhmgmh jlyla! rhgal~gmg g tgr}lr mg gx}oeokl~gæêo mg xkg otlelêo ‚ g otlelêotxbaljg ‚ mhylmgkhe}h ixemgkhe}gmg wxh trokoyh g ioræg mo kha`orgrfxkhe}o%
G otlelêo tþbaljg zú tomh tor mhilelæêo hplz}lr wxgemo xk txbaljo il~hr xzomg rg~êo% O joejhl}o mh otlelêo tþbaljg ì lehrhe}h g xk trojhzzo jokxeljg}lyo%Trhygahjh o xzo tþbaljo mg rg~êo gr}ljxagmo tor lemlyëmxoz trlygmoz wxh gotgr}ljltgr hk mlzjxzzøhz gbhr}gz h irgejgz obrlfgk o tomhr tþbaljo (o Hz}gmo, g zhahfl}lkgr thrge}h g otlelêo tþbaljg%
Hz}g hzihrg txbaljg otøhk+zh äz trg}ljgz toaë}ljgz joezgfrgmgz thao hz}gmo%O zxrflkhe}o mo mlrhl}o komhreo wxh joezgfrg g mlihrheæg he}rh mlrhl}o tþbaljo hmlrhl}o trlygmo% ]rg~ o joejhl}o rlforozo mh ahl wxh gzzhe}g eg fhehrgalmgmh!gbz}rgjæêo h rgjloegalmgmh% Jok hz}h joejhl}o }omoz }hk mlrhl}oz h mhyhrhz%
Wxglz zêo oz jrl}ìrloz mh ixejloegkhe}o mg hzihrg tþbaljg toaë}ljg?G hzihrg tþbaljg zxrfh joko xk hztgæo mh khmlgæêo he}rh o Hz}gmo h g
zojlhmgmh jlyla mg wxga hkhrfh xkg otlelêo txbaljg rhzxa}gmo mo hphrjëjlo mgrgjloegalmgmh jokxeljgjloega wxh zh hphrjh ig~hemo xzo mgz trç}ljgz mgtxbaljlmgmh h mg jrë}ljg%
O xzo mg rg~êo h o hztërl}o laxklelz}g (albhrmgmh! joe`hjlkhe}o! trofrhzzo!hkgejltgæêo,! txbaljlmgmh ( }oregr tþbaljo, giroe}g gz trç}ljgz mo zhfrhmo moHz}gmo! g jrë}ljg (gx}o+rhiahpêo zobrh g trútrlg zojlhmgmh,%
Trlejëtloz mh ixejloegkhe}o mg hzihrg toaë}ljg jorrhztoemhk gtrlejëtloz mh orlhe}gæêo eo zhe}lmo mh xk lmhga }lto h eêo trotrlgkhe}h g xkgrhgalmgmh obnhj}lyg>
tgrlmgmh eg grfxkhe}gæêo (lfxgamgmh mh hz}g}x}o moz tgr}ljltge}hz‚ xelyhrzgalmgmh mh gjhzzo, bgzhlg+zh eg gx}orlmgmh moz grfxkhe}oz
g agljl~gæêo mg jxa}xrg wxh mhtolz zh hz}hemhx ä toaë}ljg (gbhr}xrg}hkç}ljg, ‚ g gx}orlmgmh ygl jhmhemo o axfgr ä mlzjxzzêo rgjloega
o eêo ihj`gkhe}o mo txbaljo (gbhr}xrg mh tgr}ljltgæêo,
G hkhrfîejlg mh xkg hzihrg tþbaljg toal}l~gmg eo zìjxao PYLLL wxh ìrhztoezçyha thag joez}l}xlæêo mh xkg otlelêo tþbaljg hewxge}o otlelêomhylmgkhe}h ixemgkhe}gmg h wxh rhlylemljg g tozzlblalmgmh mh le}hrylr eoz
trojhzzoz mh mhjlzêo zxzjl}gemo mhbg}hz h wxhz}loegemo g ahfl}lklmgmh mgzmhjlzøhz toaë}ljgz hphrjlmgz zhfxemo iorkgz gbzoax}lz}gz mo hphrjëjlo mg zobhrgelg%
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G hzihrg txbaljg trofrhzzlygkhe}h gzzxkh+zh joko xk zxnhl}o mhhexejlgæêo h xk zxnhl}o mh ahfl}lkgæêo%
]xmo lz}o ì zxz}he}çyha! torwxh g jokxeljgæêo zxrfh joko o hztgæozlkbúaljo ixemgkhe}ga mg hzihrg tþbaljg! hz}gkoz! tor lzzo! thrge}h g jokxeljgæêojoko hphrjëjlo trlylahflgmo mg txbaljlmgmh% O hztgæo tþbaljo ì hklehe}hkhe}h xk
hztgæo mlzjxrzlyo%Ì lehyl}çyha igagr mh hzihrg tþbaljg toaë}ljg zhk igagrkoz mh noregalzko% Eo
leëjlo o noregalzko ì xk noregalzko mh otlelêo! torwxh gwxlao wxh zh hzjrhylg hrgtrg}ljgkhe}h gz irgzhz! oz mlzjxrzoz wxh zh oxylgk eoz jgiìz! zojlhmgmh! eg ëe}hfrg%
Leljlgakhe}h wxhk hzjrhylg eoz noreglz hrgk oz hzjrl}orhz h eêo oznoregalz}gz (torwxh eêo ̀ gylgk,%
]rgeziorkgæøhz mg Hzihrg Tþbaljg
Gz zojlhmgmhz zoirhrgk }rgeziorkgæøhz eg hzihrg tþbaljg ‚ o tþbaljo joko‑zxnhl}o‛ mo mlzjxrzo! tgzzg g ‑obnhj}o‛ moz mlzjxrzoz ; ‑kgzzg‛% Hz}g kxmgeæg ahyg go mhjaëelo mg hzihrg tþbaljg h xk trojhzzo mh
le}hrtheh}rgæêo he}rh o hz}gmo h g zojlhmgmh wxh gjgbg tor mlaxlr g mlz}leæêo he}rhtþbaljo/trlygmo% G tgagyrg ‑trlygmo‛ tgzzg g moklegr gthegz g hzihrg ëe}lkg% Lz}oojorrh exk trojhzzo zxjhzzlyo eo }hkto! exkg hz}g}l~gæêo mg zojlhmgmh h ì eomhjorrhr mhz}h trojhzzo wxh zxrfh o Hz}gmo Zojlga%
Eo zhe}lmo leyhrzo! zxrfh o trojhzzo mh zojlgal~gæêo mo Hz}gmo trlyg}l~gæêo mo Hz}gmo! g }rgezihrîejlg trofrhzzlyg mh jokth}îejlgz mo Hz}gmotgrg jortoz jortorg}lyoz mg zojlhmgmh jlyla%
G otlelêo txbaljg zoirh xkg troixemg }rgeziorkgæêo hk mxgz mlrhjæøhzotoz}gz> xkg heorkh hptgezêo h xk heirgwxhjlkhe}o mg zxg ioræg toaë}ljggx}úeokg%
O joezxklzko jxa}xrga zxrfh hewxge}o mlzzoaxæêo mg mljo}oklgtþbaljo/trlygmo% G mhztrlyg}l~gæêo mg hzihrg ëe}lkg g tgr}lr mg `hfhkoelg mgaúfljg mo axjro! tor}ge}o! gzzlz}lkoz ç mlzzoaxæêo moz jhe}roz joeyhejloeglz mhjxa}xrg (jgiìz! zgaøhz! …, h tor}ge}o o joezxko joahj}lyo zxbz}l}xl o joezxkotþbaljo%
Gzzlz}lkoz ç tgzzgfhk mo tþbaljo wxh thezg g jxa}xrg tgrg o tþbaljo wxhjoezokh g jxa}xrg! ç hejhegæêo mo mhbg}h h mg mlzjxzzêo! ç txbaljlmgmh joko
obnhj}o mh joezxko%Hah ml~ wxh g hptgezêo mo joezxko }rçz joezlfo }gkbìk g mhfrgmgæêo mgwxgalmgmh% G mlyhrzêo h g mlz}rgjæêo hewxge}o gmhzêo lkhmlg}g zxrfhk }gkbìkjoko iorkg mh lelblæêo mo rgjlojëelo jrë}ljo%
G :¾ igzh mg lktrhezg jgrgj}hrl~g+zh thao zxrflkhe}o mg bxrfxhzlgnoregaëz}ljg joko hktrhzg jgtl}galz}g (ilk mo zìj% PLP, wxh }rg~hk joezlfole}hrhzzhz trlygmoz mh axjro h g orlhe}gæêo mg hktrhzg noregaëz}ljg% O lkthrg}lyozxtrhko mhz}gz hktrhzgz tgzzg g zhr o gxkhe}o mgz }lrgfhez% G txbaljlmgmhjokhæg }gkbìk g zhr x}lal~gmg% G zlktaliljgæêo moz joe}hþmoz }rg~hk joezlfo ohzyg~lgkhe}o toaë}ljo mg lktrhezg% Jok o zxrflkhe}o moz gxmloylzxglz gzzlz}lkozjgmg yh~ kglz go zoaltjlzko mg rhjhtæêo! ox zhng! g zoalmêo eg rhjhtæêo% Jgmg yh~
kglz g otlelêo tþbaljg zxrfh joko obnhj}o mh hz}rg}ìflgz mh kgeltxagæêo(}rgeztozlæêo tgrg o jgkto mg jokxeljgæêo toal}ljg mo kgrch}lef jokhrjlga,%
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Tgzzgkoz mg otlelêo tþbaljg joko iorkg mh joez}l}xlæêo mg yoe}gmhjoahj}lyg tgrg xkg tzhxmo otlelêo tþbaljg%
Lz}o joaojg+eoz thrge}h gz gkblygaîejlgz mo hztgæo tþbaljo joe}hktorâehorhiahj}hk hk zleglz joe}rgml}úrloz> joezoalmgæêo mh xkg bgzh mh ahfl}lkgæêowxge}l}g}lygkhe}h jgmg yh~ ì kglor! zlkxa}gehgkhe}h! hag }gkbìk ì
wxgal}g}lygkhe}h kglz mìbla% Lz}o }rg~ g lmhlg wxh hz}g hzihrg tþbaljg ì xk jgktomh joeial}o zojlga oemh }îk axfgr lktor}ge}hz mhbg}hz zobrh o ix}xro mgz eozzgzzojlhmgmhz% G wxhz}êo wxh zxrfh ì> Wxga o ix}xro mgz mhkojrgjlgz?
@gbhrkgz jgrgj}hrl~g hz}g }rgeziorkgæêo joko tgzzgfhk mh xkg otlelêotþbaljg hewxge}o rhgal~gæêo mg rg~êo trç}ljg zlz}hkç}ljg mh rgjlojëelo jrë}ljo hrhiahplyo g xkg otlelêo tþbaljg zxnhl}g g xk zhezo jokxk le}hahj}xgakhe}h tobrh%G x}lal~gæêo mg mhzlfegæêo ‑hzihrg tþbaljg‛ kge}ìk+zh tor jokomlmgmh! nç wxh geoyg hzihrg zojlga gthegz rhko}gkhe}h rhkh}h tgrg o komhao mg hzihrg tþbaljgkomhreg (bxrfxhzg,%
G otlelêo joe}lexg g joez}l}xlr o zxtor}h trlejltga mg ahfl}lkgæêo mo tomhrkgz tgzzox mh hz}g}x}o mh ixeæêo jrë}ljg go hz}g}x}o mh ixeæêo gjagkg}lyg%
G ixeæêo mh ahfl}lkgæêo rhzlz}h g hz}h trojhzzo mh kxmgeæg h eo Hz}gmozojlga mgz zojlhmgmhz gj}xglz g otlelêo tþbaljg joe}lexg g joez}rxlr o zxtor}htrlejltga mh ahfl}lkgæêo mo tomhr! khzko gtrhzhe}gemo+zh mh iorkgzxbz}gejlgakhe}h mlihrhe}h% O zhx hphrjëjlo ì lrrhfxagr% Tor}ge}o! tomhkoz igagr mhxk hzyg~lgkhe}o toal}ljo mo joejhl}o! kgz wxh eêo j`hfg ç zxg ehx}rgal~gæêo! thaojoe}rçrlo! g eoyg hzihrg tþbaljg (tzhxmo hzihrg tþbaljg, ì joeihrlmo xk ygaor jgmgyh~ kglor hk }hrkoz mo mlrhl}o komhreo%
Hk joezhwxîejlg mgz }rgeziorkgæøhz hk jxrzo! g otlelêo tþbaljg zoirh xkgkx}gæêo troixemg hk mxgz mlrhjæøhz joe}rgml}úrlgz! tor xk agmo xkg heorkh
hptgezêo! tor ox}ro o heirgwxhjlkhe}o mg zxg ioræg toal}ljg gx}úeokg%Gjgbg tor zhr g mlaxlæêo mo tþbaljo h g joeyhrfîejlg mg kgzzg%@gbhrkgz Eoyg }horlg jrë}ljgAx`kgeLeztlrg+zh eo wxgmro }húrljo mg }horlg moz zlz}hkgz
G otlelêo tþbaljg h oz trojhzzoz mh ahfl}lkgæêo! @gbhrkgz
O wxh le}hrhzzg eoz trojhzzoz tþbaljoz mh jokxeljgæêo ì g trç}ljg
mlgaofljgkhe}h mlzjxrzlyg mg mhalbhrgæêo wxh hz}ç eg orlfhk mg otlelêo txbaljghewxge}o tomhr jokxeljg}lyo% Hz}g eoæêo mh mhalbhrgæêo ì hzzhejlga eg joejhtæêomh @gbhrkgz mh otlelêo tþbaljg (rhzxa}ge}h mg }rojg mo xzo tþbaljo mg rg~êo3lktaljg xk trojhzzo eo ilk mo wxga zh j`hfg g xkg mhjlzêo,% G mhalbhrgæêozlfeliljg mhjlzêo trhjhmlmg mh xk trojhzzo mh mlzjxzzêo%
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Ì ehzzg }rojg mh mlihrhe}hz thrzthj}lygz mh yhrmgmh wxh zh tomhrlg j`hfgr gxkg yhrmgmh rhzxa}ge}h moz trojhzzoz mh mlzjxzzêo%
G hzihrg tþbaljg joez}l}xl+zh joko g bgzh lez}l}xjloega mh iorkgæêo mg
otlelêo tþbaljg! hag joez}l}xl+zh joko xk hztgæo zojlga fhrgmo thag gjæêojokxeljgjloega%
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Hz}g hzihrg tþbaljg ila}rg h zle}h}l~g oz iaxpoz jokxeljgjloeglz h otleløhztþbaljgz }hkg}ljgkhe}h hzthjëiljgz3 ixejloeg }gkbìk joko xk zlz}hkg mhmh}hjæêo mh trobahkgz zojlglz h glemg ì jgtg~ mh trobahkg}l~gr oz trobahkgz torzl mh}hj}gmoz h gtrhzhe}gr tozzëyhlz zoaxæøhz mh komo g zhrhk hejgrgmgz joko}hkgz mh mlzjxzzøhz tþbaljgz SIXEÆØHZ MG HZIHRG TÞBALJG[
G hzihrg tþbaljg zxthrylzloeg o }rg}gkhe}o wxh o zlz}hkg toaë}ljo gtaljg ghzzhz trobahkgz%
G ahfl}lklmgmh mgz eorkgz h mgz lez}l}xlæøhz zojlglz rhzlmh eg tozzlblalmgmhmh gjormo rgjloega he}rh }omoz oz to}hejlgakhe}h gihj}gmoz h rhzlmh }gkbìk exklmhga mh orfgel~gæêo zojlga hk wxh eêo hplz}h ehjhzzlmgmh tor tgr}h mo tomhrtoaë}ljo mh hzjoemhr egmg goz jlmgmêoz%
G gbormgfhk mh @gbhrkgz hewxgmrg+zh kglz exkg ylzêo wxh tomëgkozmhzlfegr mh jrlzh mo trojhzzo mh ahfl}lkgæêo egz zojlhmgmhz gj}xglz3 g ylzêo mh@gbhrkgz ì xkg ylzêo trhojxtgmg jok gz zojlhmgmhz hewxge}o tozzlblalmgmhrgmljga mh }rgeziorkgæêo%
Ax`kgee
G }horlg mh Ax`kgee thrkl}h+eoz joktrhhemhr joko gz jolzgz ixejloegk%Hz}h hewxgmrg+zh eo ixejloegalzko zlz}ìkljo! gr}ljxagemo g trotoz}g mo hz}rx}xrgaixejloegalzko joko g }horlg moz zlz}hkgz3 trotøh xkg thrzthj}lyg mg zojlhmgmhhewxgmrgmg joko xk zlz}hkg h hz}ç jhe}rgmo hk hz}xmgr gz zojlhmgmhzjoktahpgz%
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hzthjliljgz h jgmg xk trhzzxtøh wxh ox}rgz ixeæøhz zêo mhzhkthe`gmgz torox}roz zxb+zlz}hkgz%
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g jokxeljgæêo ì o mlztozl}lyo ixemgkhe}ga mg mleâkljg hyoax}lyg mozzlz}hkgz zojlglz% O zhx obnhj}lyo ì tromx~lr g hiljçjlg wxh }oreg tozzëyha grhfxagrl~gæêo mg ylmg zojlga hk zojlhmgmh jgmg yh~ kglz joktahpgz! h ml~hr lz}owxhr ml~hr zojlhmgmhz jok jgmg yh~ kglor frgx mh lejhr}h~g%
Egz zojlhmgmhz gj}xglz joeiroe}gko+eoz jok g ehjhzzlmgmh mh }okgrmhjlzøhz kglz lejhr}gz mhylmo äz leþkhrgz tozzlblalmgmh hplz}he}hz%
Ä ax~ mhz}g thrzthj}lyg! g jokxeljgæêo ì ylz}g joko xk trojhzzolklehe}hkhe}h zhahj}lyo wxh zh mhzheyoayh hk : eëyhlz> tromxæêo mh xk joe}hþmoleiorkg}lyo (eëyha zhkâe}ljo,! g zxg mlixzêo (eëyha }ìjeljo, h g gjhl}gæêo mhzzhkhzko joe}hþmo (eëyha hiljçjlg,%
Ax`kge ig~ hwxlygahr zojlhmgmh g jokxeljgæêo eg khmlmg hk wxh ozzlz}hkgz zojlglz zú tomhk hplz}lr wxgemo `ç jokxeljgæêo! ox zhng! g jokxeljgæêoì o mlztozl}lyo ixemgkhe}ga mg mleâkljg moz zlz}hkgz zojlglz! torwxh gjokxeljgæêo mhz}leg+zh g tromx~lr g hiljçjlg zlkbúaljg fhehrgal~ge}h wxh }oregtozzëyha g rhfxagrl~gæêo mg ylmg zojlga% Aofo! zhk jokxeljgæêo eêo ̀ ç zojlhmgmh%
G jokxeljgæêo mhz}leg+zh g tromx~lr g hiljçjlg zlkbúaljg fhehrgal~ge}h wxh}oreg tozzëyha g rhfxagrlmgmh mg ylmg zojlga zob g iorkg mh xkg orfgel~gæêo
zlz}ìkljg%
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Zh thrfxe}grkoz g Ax`kgee zh g jokxeljgæêo ì içjla g zxg rhztoz}g ì ‑eêo‛!tolz tgrg hah g jokxeljgæêo ì gafo lktroyçyha% Hz}gkoz! tor}ge}o! thrge}h xktgrgmopo> hah ml~ wxh zhk jokxeljgæêo eêo `ç zojlhmgmh! kgz khzko gzzlkmhihemh wxh g jokxeljgæêo ì lktroyçyha%
Hz}h trojhzzo mo Hz}gmo Zojlga jokhæg g ojorrhr eo ilk mo zìjxao PP/leljlo
mo zìjxao PP% Hplz}h xkg rhagæêo he}rh g }hemîejlg tgrg g joejhe}rgæêo jgtl}galz}gh xk jrhzjhe}h le}hryhejloelzko mo Hz}gmo eg khmlmg hk wxh gz jagzzhz kglzmhzigyorhjlmgz hphrjhk trhzzøhz eo zhe}lmo mh ob}hrhk mlrhl}oz zojlglz h toaë}ljozwxh gz jokthezgzzh mgz mhzlfxgamgmhz hjoeúkljgz! o wxh ahyox g xkg hp}hezêo mggj}xgæêo mo Hz}gmo%
G hzihrg troilzzloega hyoaxl eo zhe}lmo mh xk zhj}or tþbaljo! hewxge}o gigkëalg wxh hrg g bgzh mh zxz}he}gæêo mo zhj}or trlygmo rhjxg/thrmh jgkto h}hemh g rhz}rleflr+zh ä hzihrg ëe}lkg mg ylmg igklalgr%
G kxmgeæg hz}rx}xrga mg igkëalg tg}rlgrjga bxrfxhzg mo zìjxao PYLLLjoezlz}h eg zxg rgmljga zhtgrgæêo mg hzihrg mo }rgbga`o h ehzzh trojhzzo orhemlkhe}o igklalgr mhlpg mh zh ixemgkhe}gr eg trotrlhmgmh h tgzzg g mhthemhrmh xk }rgbga`o gzzgagrlgmo h mhlpg mh joezhfxlr zxz}he}gr+zh eo jgzo mh xkghkhrfîejlg ox khzko eg yha`ljh%
G igkëalg ygl thrmhemo jgmg yh~ kglz ixeæøhz wxh a`hz hrgk hpjaxzlygz!eokhgmgkhe}h oz mh tro}hjæêo moz zhxz khkbroz! mh hmxjgæêo h mh orlhe}gæêo mhjoemx}gz h mh joktor}gkhe}oz (hmxjgæêo gbrgefhe}h g }omoz3 mhzhktrhfo!yha`ljh h moheæg tgzzgk g zhr tro}hflmoz thag zhfxrgeæg zojlga,
O txbaljo h o trlygmo yêo+zh }oregemo lemlz}le}oz h g igkëalg! hzzh rhzwxëjlomo trlygmo! }gkbìk hag ì mhztrlyg}l~gmg g}rgyìz mgz fgrge}lg z txbaljgz% O trlygmotgzzg gthegz g mhzlfegr g hzihrg ëe}lkg%
Tor trhzzêo mgz jagzzhz kglz mhzigyorhjlmgz! o Hz}gmo ì trhzzloegmo g
le}hrylr eo toe}o mh ylz}g moz mlrhl}oz `xkgeoz h zojlglz% G zojlhmgmh jlyla thrmh ggx}oeoklg rhag}lygkhe}h go Hz}gmo% Gz hktrhzgz }oregk+zh kxl}o mhthemhe}hzmoz gtoloz mo Hz}gmo% Thrmg mh gx}oeoklg mg zojlhmgmh jlyla thrge}h g hzihrgtþbaljg% G igkëalg gjgbg tor zhr mhztrlyg}l~gmg h gwxlao wxh rhz}g mg hzihrg trlygmggjgbg tor zhr rhmx~lmo ä hzihrg ëe}lkg%
Eo axfgr mg hzihrg tþbaljg al}hrçrlg mo zìjxao PYLLL zxrfh xk joezxklzkojxa}xrga h! tor}ge}o! gzzlz}lkoz ä tgzzgfhk mo tþbaljo wxh thezg g jxa}xrg tgrg otxbaljo wxh joezokh g jxa}xrg%
Tgzzg+zh mo joezxko tþbaljo tgrg xk joezxko joahj}lyo% O tþbaljo (o wxhtromx~ g otlelêo tþbaljg, tgzzg g zhr zxbz}l}xëmg thao joejhl}o mh kgzzg% Eohe}hemhr mh @gbhrkgz! hz}h trojhzzo joe}gkleg }gkbìk g hzihrg tþbaljg toaë}ljg‚ ‑hplz}h g }hemîejlg tgrg gbzoryhr g hzihrg tþbaljg tahblzjl}çrlg g}rgyìz mg hzihrgtþbaljg mo joezxklzko jxa}xrga‛%
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5/17/2018 Apontamentos Teorias da Comunicação - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/apontamentos-teorias-da-comunicacao 41/41
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Jgxzgz le}hregz7% Thrzxgzêo yz jofelæêo2% Hihl}oz mg jokxeljgæêo mh kgzzg eg otlelêo txbaljg:% Âkbl}o rhz}rl}o tgrg xk âkbl}o gagrfgmo3 tgzzgr mh hihl}oz mh jxr}o
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