Apostila geral de laboratório de lingua inglêsa. 3º semestre de letras FIMI.pdf

7/28/2019 Apostila geral de laboratrio de lingua inglsa. 3 semestre de letras FIMI.pdf

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LETRAS HABILITAO EM PORTUGUS/INGLS

LABORATRIO DE LNGUA INGLESALABORATRIO DE LNGUA INGLESALABORATRIO DE LNGUA INGLESALABORATRIO DE LNGUA INGLESA3333 SEMESTRE SEMESTRE SEMESTRE SEMESTRE

Profa. Esp. Roselena Diogo Bueno PatelliCoordenadora : Profa. Dra. Maria Suzett Biembengut Santade

FIMI- Faculdades Integradas Maria Imaculada1 Semestre de 2010


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4) SONGS

Lets start our English Lab classes listening to some dialogues online:

Turn on your computers and click on page: www.inglesonline.com.br

DIALOGUES :

A LETTER TO A FRIEND

Listen to these conversations and practice them:

PETE: Hello, Harry. This is Pete.HAERIN: Pete! What a surprise! Whats up?PETE: I just got your letter. Congratulations on your transfer.HAERIN: Thanks, but why did you call me at 2:30 in the morning?PETE: Oh, is it 2:30 in the morning there?I forgot about the time difference. Its about 2:30 p.m. in the afternoon here.

HAERIN: Excuse-me for being a little groggy.PETE: You didnt tell me when you ll be arriving. Maybe I can arrange myvacationaround the same time.HAERIN: It isnt definite, yet. Probably in two or three weeks.PETE: Well, its great news. Im looking forward to seeing you.HAERIN: Same here. Ill let you know as soon as possible.

PETE: Good. Ill meet you at the airport.HAERIN: Ok! Ill try to get a flight that arrives at 2:30 in the morning.

NOW LISTEN TO THE OTHER CONVERSATIONS:

A TRAFFIC ACCIDENT

Mike: Oh, my gosh. Theres a big hole in the road.! Turn the wheel!Kyongsik: Darn. I turned too hard.MiKe: Oh, oh! You sure rammed that parked car.Kyongsik: Nobody seems to be around. Wonder what we should do.Mike: Here comes a police car. Well soon find out.


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Officer: What happened here?Mike:I tried to miss that hole in the road and hit the car.Kyongsik: Its at the hotel. Anyway its a Korean.Officer: No valid license? You have insurance?Kyongsik: In korea , I do.Officer : No valid insurance. Let me see the car registrationKyongsik: There doesnt seem to be any. Actually, this is my friends car.Officer: No registration. You have any personal identification?Kyongsik: Well, you see, officer, we were justOfficer: No identification?Kyongsik: Not with meOfficer: young man, youre in big trouble.Mike: And to think we were just going around the corner for a beer.Kyongsik: We could have walked!

A TRIP

Kyongsik: I want to take a trip to some place differentTed: Why dont you try camping in some place like Wisconsin or Minnesota?Kyongsik: By myself? I dont even have a carTed: But you could rent a camper.Kyongsik: Whats a camper?Ted: its like a small truck that you can sleep in.Kyongsik: Oh! You mean, a mobile home? Ive heard about themTed: No, mobile homes are too expensive. They have Kitchens and bathroomsand air conditioning and such. You dont need all of that.

Kyongsik: But I have to take a bath, dont I ?Ted: On a camping trip? Take a swim in a lake. Or , if you really have to, youcan spend an occasional night in a motel.Kyongsik: Ok, youve sold me on the idea. Where can I rent a camper?Ted: Theres only one small problem you have to take care of.Kyongsik: Whats that?Ted: First, you have to get a drivers license.

ADVERTISING ON TVJim: Shall we watch television while we wait?Kyongsik: Yes, but I must admit. I miss Korean TV.Jim: I know. Ive been in Korea. Why is television there somuch better?Kyongsik: Better quality control, I think!Jim: And no advertisingKyongsik: Well, not on KBS-3.its like BBC in London. Itsgovernment supported.


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Jim: We dont have anything like that here in the U.S.Kyongsik: Thats why you have commercials all the time.Jim: I suppose so! TV advertisers spend billions every year.Kyongsik: it would be Ok if the commercials wereentertaining.Jim: Or educational even.

Kyongsik: But theyre neither.Jim: Another thing. TV advertising costs are so high, only thereally big companies can afford them.Kyongsik: So the big companies just get bigger and bigger, isthat it?Jim: Right! And put the small companies out of business.

Kyongsik: All at the publics expense.Jim: Right again. In the end, we are the ones who pay.

ADVICE COLUMNS

Judy: Whats the matter, Talho? You look as if you lost your

best friend.Talho: Oh, nothingJudy: You cant fool me. I know something is botheringyou.Ive never seen you looking so down in the dumpsbefore.Bad news from home? Having trouble on your job?Talho: No, nothing like that. I really cant bring myself to tellyou, Judy. Its too personal.

Judy: if its serious, why dont you get some counselling? Ican introduce you to my phychiatrist.Talho:No, thanks. I dont have too much confidence in myEnglish. Besides, I dont think I could talk to anybody about itface to face.Judy: Did somebody insult you? Are you suffering fromcultural shock.? Do you have a really gambling debt?Talho: No, but if you keep going, Im afraid youre going tohit on it.


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Judy: I Know. Why dont you write to Ann Landers? Shewont use your name, and its a good impersonal way to talk tosomeone about it.Talho: Write to Ann Landers? Normally, Id laugh at the idea,but you know Im about ready to my anything.

AGING

1st

old man: Hey, will you look at that?2nd old man: Very nice. A very pretty girl.1st old man: How old would you say she is?2nd old man: Oh, nineteen or so. Fifty years young than we are.1st old man: Even so, I have a mind to speak to her.2nd old man: Oh, Why?1st old man: No reason particularly. Just to say hello.2nd old man: She might call the cops.1st old man: Yes, I suppose she might.

2nd old man: But if you were twenty-five, she wouldnt1st old man: Right. Shes not sitting on that bench alone just to get fresh air.2nd old man: Well, dont get any ideas.1st old man: I know. We are supposed to be interested in old ladies.2nd old man: Personally, I cant stand them.1st old man: You know, people just dont understand old men.2nd old man: They sure dont1st old man: They dont comprehend that the body gets old, but not the mind.

Now, listen to other conversations in the same site and practice them:

ALCOHOLISM

ANYTHING? ILL DO ANYTHING YOU WANT IF YOU LET ME WATCHFOOTBALL

ARMED FORCES / NAVY

ASKING AND GIVING DIRECTIONS


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AT A BANK

AT A BARBERSHOP

AT A BUS DEPOT

AT A CAFETERIA

AT A DRUGSTORE

PRACTICE THESE DIALOGUES

ASKING SOMEONE OUT

Karen: Hello.

Tony: Hi, is Karen there?

Karen: Speaking.

Tony: Hey, Karen. Its Tony here, from the gym. How are you?

Karen: Hi Tony, I'm fine. How are you?

Tony: I'm doing great. I didn't see you at the gym last week - is everything OK?

Karen: Yes, wow, that's sweet of you to ask. The reason I didn't show up at the gymis, I had my finals last week.

Tony: Tough week, huh?Karen: Tell me about it! I slept all weekend, I was so tired.

Tony: Well, I hope all this hard work paid off! How did you do?

Karen: It's hard to tell since the results aren't out yet, but I think I did pretty wellin general.

Tony: I'm glad to know. Listen, what are you doing tomorrow night?

Karen: Nothing special. Why?

Tony: Uh, would you like to have dinner?

Karen: Sounds good! Where are we going?

Tony: How about some Italian? I know a very nice place nearby.

Karen: Great, I love Italian.

Tony: So, I'll pick you up at 7.

Karen: Sounds good. See you then.

Tony: Great, bye.

Vocabulrio


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Tony, here = aqui o Tonyfrom the gym = da academia (eles se conhecem da academia)that's sweet of you to ask = gentileza sua perguntarI didn't show up = ...de eu no ter aparecido (show up = aparecer, ir a algum lugar)finals = final exams (exames finais)tough week = semana difcilTell me about it! = Nem me diga!paid off = (passado de pay off) valeu a penahow did you do? = como voc foi?it's hard to tell = difcil dizer/saber

the results aren't out = os resultados ainda no sairamI did pretty well = eu fui (bastante) bemsounds good = parece legal (Ah, legal!)nearby = perto daquipick (someone) up = pegar, buscar algum onde essa pessoa estiversee you [then] = te vejo [na hora que foi combinada]

READING COMPREHENSION TEXTS

READ THESE TEXTS AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:

CATCHING A COLD(http://www.5minuteenglish.com/oct22.htm)

Vocabularycure (n,v)- something that makes you well after being sickliterally (adv)- really, actually, exactlyvirus (n)- very, very small --- that causes sicknessto get rid of(v)- to stop, to throw awaycongestion (n)- stopped up (when your nose is congested you can't

breathe)miserable (adj)- very terrible feelingfever (n)- heat in your head and bodyremedy- (n) cure, something that makes you well

liquid (n)- wet and runny like water, milkto get over (v)- to finish

Many people catch a cold in the springtime and/ or fall. It makes uswonder... if scientists can send a man to the moon, why can't they find acure for the common cold. The answer is easy. There are literally hundredsof kinds cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will get, sothere isn't a cure for each one.

When a virus attacks your body, your body works hard to get rid of it.Blood rushes to your nose and brings congestion with it. You feel terriblebecause you can't breathe well, but your body is actually "eating" thevirus. Your temperature rises and you get a fever, but the heat of yourbody is killing the virus. You also have a runny nose to stop the virus from


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getting to your cells. You may feel miserable, but actually your wonderfulbody is doing everything it can to kill the cold.

Different people have different remedies for colds. In the United Statesand some other countries, for example, people might eat chicken soup tofeel better. Some people take hot baths and drink warm liquids. Otherpeople take medicines to stop the fever, congestion, and runny nose.

There is one interesting thing to note- some scientists say takingmedicines when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays inyou longer because your body doesn't have a way to fight it and kill it.Bodies can do an amazing job on their own. There is a joke, however, ontaking medicine when you have a cold. It goes like this:

If takes about 1 week to get over a cold if you don't take medicine, butonly 7 days to get over a cold if you take medicine.

Check Your Understanding

True or False

1. There is a cure for the common cold.

True

False

2. There are 22 different cold viruses in the world.

True

False

3. Heat in your body kills viruses.

True

False

4. Congestion means your head feels hot.

True

False

5. Some people eat chicken soup to feel better when they have a cold.

True

False

6. Scientists always think taking medicine is good when you have a cold.


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True

False

7. Bodies work hard to try to get rid of viruses.

True

False

READING COMPREHENSION TEXTS

Levi's Blue Jeans(http://www.5minuteenglish.com/oct22.htm)

Vocabularyemigrate- (v) to move permanently from one's country to another.

dry goods- (n) clothing, fabric, and other items to sell

miner- (n) a person who searches for gold, diamonds, etc.

durable- (adj) last a long time

fabric- (n) material for clothing, curtains, etc.

tailor- (n) a person who sews clothing

rivet- (n) (v) a metal piece that holds 2 thing together. (You can see themetal on Levi's jeans)

patent- (n) (v) an inventor's right to be the only one making or selling aproduct

think it over- (v) think about it, decide

Do you enjoy wearing Levi's blue jeans? Blue jeans have becomepopular all over the world, but do you know how they got started?Read on to find out...


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Levi Strauss was born in Germany in the mid 1800's and emigrated to theUnited States as a young man. He lived in New York City and learned thedry-goods business for several years. In 1853 he took his knowledge andhis dreams to San Francisco (California., USA.) His dream to succeedcame true over the next 20 years as he became a very successfulbusinessman.

Many of Levi Strauss' customers were cowboys and miners. They neededclothing that was strong and durable. Strauss found a special fabric fromFrance that was comfortable and lasted a long time. It was called "sergede Nimes," which was later shortened to the word denim.

Another man named Jacob Davis bought large amounts of the denim fabricfrom Levi Strauss. He was a tailor who made pants for hard-working men.One of his customers was continually tearing the pockets off his pants. SoJacob Davis decided to put rivets on certain parts of the pants to makethem stronger. The customer loved the new pants so much that he told allhis friends, and soon Jacob Davis was busy making lots of pants withrivets.

Jacob Davis soon realized that using rivets was a great business idea, andhe didn't want anybody to steal that idea. He decided that he would needto get a patent. But being a poor tailor, he didn't have enough money topay for the patent. After thinking it over, he went to the businessman LeviStrauss and told him his idea. He said, "If you agree to pay for the patent,we will share the profits from the riveted pants." Levi Strauss did agree,and the new riveted pant business was called Levi Strauss and Company.Today Levi's jeans are more popular than ever, and Levi's name continuesto live on.


True or False. Check your answers below.

1. Levi Strauss was born in 1853.

True

False

2. Levi Strauss wanted to become a great businessman.

True

False

3. Levi Strauss sewed pants in his business.

TrueFalse


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4. Jacob Davis sewed pants in his business.

True

False

5. Jacob David used denim to make pants.

TrueFalse

6. Jacob Davis put rivets in pants because they looked good.

True

False

7. Levi Strauss didn't want to pay for Jacob Davis' patent.

True

False

8. Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis became business partners.

True

False

Friendship(http://www.5minuteenglish.com/oct22.htm)

Vocabularyspouse- husband or wifebond- connection, something that makes two things stick togethertwin spirit- someone very similar to youstranger- someone you don't know at allacquaintance- someone you don't know very wellright away- immediatelyin common- things that you like or dislike are the same

Reading

Quotes about friendship:


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Friendship is one mind in two bodies.

Your friend is the man who knows all about you, and still likes you.

A real friend is one who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.

Some friends come into our lives for just a short time. Others come andstay forever. Think about your closest friends. How long have you knowneach other? Some people say that their spouse or family member is theirbest friend. Others say they have known their closest friends for manyyears. And some great friends haven't known each other all that long, butknew right away that there was a connection, or bond, between them.Could it be that there is a twin spirit out there for each of us?

What turns a stranger or acquaintance into a friend? Do you know rightaway if you are going to like someone? Some people think that anystranger can become a friend if they spend enough time together. Thatmay be true for some people. But one thing most of us agree on is thattrue friendships seem to happen when people have something in common.

Perhaps we see a part of ourselves in our friends. Maybe seeing the goodin them helps us to see the good in us as well.


True or False Check your answers by clicking on the arrow below.

According to the article...

1. Your husband or wife cannot be your best friend.

True

False

2. Many friends feel a connection when they first meet.

True

False

3. Every person definitely has a twin spirit.

True

False

4. A stranger is the same as an acquaintance.

TrueFalse


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5. A stranger is the same as a friend.

True

False

6. Most friends have similar likes and dislikes.

TrueFalse

Take a Bath!

(http://www.5minuteenglish.com/oct22.htm)

Vocabularya bath- (noun) cleaning one's body by sitting in waterto bathe- verb meaning to take a bath

shower- (noun and verb) cleaning one's body by standing under watershowerhead- the part of the shower that the water comes out ofto scrub- to remove dirt by rubbingto rinse- to remove soap or dirt with watersoothing- relaxingdrain- hole in the ground or bathtub that the water goes down

Traveling is fun because you can see how people in otherparts of the world live. One thing travelers don't oftenthink about before traveling is how other cultures bathe.And bathrooms in many countries may be different fromthe kind you are used to.

In the United States, most people take a shower once a day in themorning. The showerhead is usually mounted on the wall and cannot bemoved. The bather simply stands under the water, gets wet, scrubs withsoap and often a washcloth, and then rinses off.

Children often take a bath each night and enjoy playing with small toyssuch as boats and rubber ducks. Many adults, especially women, enjoy asoothing bath to get rid of stress at the end of the day.

It is important to remember that when you take a shower or bath in theUnited States, you should be careful to keep the water inside the bathtub


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or shower. Unlike bathrooms in many countries, there is no drain in thefloor. If water gets on the floor it cannot go anywhere and must becleaned up with a towel or mop. It can also cause problems for the floor.So be careful.


Choose the correct answer. Check the answers below.

1. Travelers don't often think about ___ in other countries beforetraveling.

a. bathing

b. food

c. money

2. Americans often take a shower in the ___.

a. morning

b. afternoon

c. night

3. Children often take a ___ at night.

a. showerb. bath

c. swim

4. Sometimes adults take a bath to ___.

a. shower

b. relax

c. play with toys

5. American floors don't have a

a. bathtub

b. showerhead

c. drain

International Women's Day


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(http://www.5minuteenglish.com/oct22.htm)

Vocabulary:

vibrant -- fully alivediscrimination -- unfair treatmentgrim -- harsh, relentlesspandemic -- disease spread over wide areasalleviate -- reducevulnerable -- likelihood towardsto exhort -- to urge stronglymoribund -- stagnant, doesn't move wellpioneer -- first to act

This lesson has been provided by Mark McCarthy. Visit his website at www.getesl.com formore information on studying English online.

Grammar:

Each of these sentences contains one error. Find and correct the error.

Women urge unity to advance rights as they mark InternationalWomen's Day

1) Women marked International Women's Day around the world withvibrant calls for unity for advance sexual equality and women's rights.

2) In Tehran several hundred of Iranian female activists staged a rally tomark of International Women's Day, despite of warnings from authoritiesthat the gathering was illegal. (Omit 3 words)

3) The United Nations urged man to reject violence against woman inorder to protect their daughter from the AIDS pandemic. (Three errors)

4) The Vatican asked the United Nations to condemn all sexual violenceagainst women in a submission to the Commission on the Status ofWomen meet in New York.

5) Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat meanwhile called on women a worldover to oppose the Israeli occupation in the speech marking InternationalWomen's Day. (two errors)

6) In Italy, men reported spent five million euros (6.2 million dollars)sending text messages on their cell phones to tell the women in their liveshow much they appreciate them.

7) And Italian President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi exhorted his countrywoman


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to have more babies, saying legislation must ensure that work andmotherhoods are compatible and would spur the country's development.(two errors)

8) Several governments payed lip service to the women's cause.

9) Stalinist North Korea also marked the day with a call for women to givebirth to more children and take a leading role in revive the country's

moribund economy.10) In Norway, often a pioneer in issues of gender equality, Prime MinisterKjell Magne Bondevik said the country was in its way toward reaching itsgoal of becoming the first country with women in at least 40 percent ofpublic sector management positions.

Check Your Answers:

a. Change "for" to "to"2) Omit of3 times3) change to: men, women, daughters4) meeting5) switch a and the6) reportedly7) countrywomen, motherhood8) paid9) reviving10) on its way

English Around the World(http://www.5minuteenglish.com/oct22.htm)


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Vocabularytravel bug (idiom)- strong desire to travelto be bitten by the travel bug (idiom)- kind of a cute way to say when

someone begins to want to travel. After the "bug" bites you, you will really

want to travel.to wander- to go from one place to another without any definite plansto be in the comfort of (one's) own home- to be at home, in a

familiar or comfortable placeto explore- to look around and find out new thingsexotic (adjective)- strange, mysterious, exciting, unknownmystery- something unknown, something that needs to be found outto flock- large amounts of people go to the same place at the same

timevast (adjective)- very largeperspective- view, way of seeing thingsaccomplishment- feeling like you have done something important and

good

Reading

Have you ever had the desire to wander the world and see what was outthere? While some people prefer to stay in the comfort of their own home,others have been bitten by the travel bug and can't wait to explore theworld. Exotic places call to them. "Come visit me and I will show you mymysteries," they say.

Every year millions of people pack their suitcases or put on backpacks andflock to visit the seven continents of the world. They wander through thecastles and museums of Europe, and the cities and natural wonders ofNorth and South America. Some visit the vast exotic cultures of Asia,Africa and the Middle East. The great outback of Australia is a wonderlandfor those who go there. And a few lucky people even make to the mostmysterious continent on the earth- Antarctica.

Why do people want to explore the world? It gives them a better

perspective about the earth and the people living on it. It opens theirminds, it gives them a feeling of accomplishment, and it makes them feelalive. So save some money, get your passport ready, and see the world. Itwill change your life forever.


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Questions and Answers

Choose True or False. Check your answers at the bottom of thepage by clicking on the arrow.

1. To be bitten by the travel bug means you like tostay home.

True

False

2. People bitten by the travel bug like to visit new places.

True

False

3. The great outback is in Europe.

True

False

4. Antarctica is in Africa.

True

False

5. Asia is vast.

True

False

6. Traveling opens your mind.

TrueFalse

7. Traveling makes you feel alive.

True

False

8. Traveling helps you see things in a new way.

True

False


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English as an International Language(http://www.5minuteenglish.com/oct22.htm)

Vocabularyto spread- to go everywhere

in common- the samecommunicate- talkcomplicated- difficultartificial- not real

Reading

About one hundred years ago many educated people learned and spokeFrench when they met people from other countries. Today most peoplespeak English when they meet foreigners. It has become the newinternational language. There are more people who speak English as a

second language than people who speak English as a first language. Whyis this?

There are many reasons why English has become so popular. One of themis that English has become the language of business. Another importantreason is that popular American culture (like movies, music, andMcDonald's) has quickly spread throughout the world. It has brought itslanguage with it.

Is it good that English has spread to all parts of the world so quickly? I

don't know. It's important to have a language that the people of the earthhave in common. Our world has become very global and we need tocommunicate with one another. On the other hand, English is a fairlycomplicated language to learn and it brings its culture with it. Do we reallyneed that?

Scientists have already tried to create an artificial language that isn't toodifficult and doesn't include any one group's culture. It is called Esperanto.But it hasn't become popular. But maybe the popularity of English won'tlast that long either. Who knows? There are more people in the world who

speak Chinese than any other language. Maybe someday Chinese will bethe new international language.


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Questions1) What was the world language 100 years ago?

_______________________________________________________

2) Which group is larger people who speak English as a first language orpeople who speak English as a second language?

_______________________________________________________

3) What are two reasons English has become an international languagetoday?_______________________________________________________4) What are two reasons English isnt a good international language?

_______________________________________________________

5) What is Esperanto?_______________________________________________________

6) What might the future international language be?

______________________________________________________________________

English as 2nd

LanguageComputer Use in theESL Classroom

The following feature provides a discussion of tips and basicstrategies for using a computer effectively in an ESL class setting.

Computers should be used as a language learning tool - just as any otherpiece of equipment (i.e., tape recorder, VCR, blackboard, etc.). It isimportant the computer NOT become the center of attention of the lesson.There are situations when activities at the computer can become thecenter of attention, however these situations should be avoided and left tostudents to decide when, and if, they want to utilize such activities (inself-access).

Computers as a Language Learning Tool

For some tasks, computers can provide distinct advantages over moretraditional approaches. The use of a computer for listening exercises oftenprovides not only sound, but also visual input providing students with


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more contextual clues. Students interacting with a computer are alsousing motor skills as well, which can have a strong reinforcing effect onthe learning process by connecting physical actions (clicking, typing) withdesired results. Students are also allowed more control over their ownlearning process as they make the decisions when to repeat questions,exercises and sequences based on their own progress.

Probably the strongest argument for the use of the computer in the

classroom environment is that of student self-pacing. Especially in the fieldof pronunciation, students can employ a computer to record themselves tocompare their pronunciation to a target pronunciation. This can berepeated endlessly until a student is satisfied with his/her result. Thesepronunciation exercises are often combined with visual aids (such asintonation graphs) to help the student recognise how his/her pronunciationcompares to the target pronunciation. Common tools such as spellchecking can also provide the student with valuable self-analysisinstruction.

Finally, with the aid of the Internet and CD-Rom based materials, teacherscan quickly access documents addressing individual student needs. This isespecially effective when teaching English for Special Purposes such asBusiness English. An example would be white papers put up on a companyweb-site discussing certain technologies in English that students arecurrently employing. Another example is glossaries provided for specificbusiness sectors (port, banking, insurance, etc.). Using these materials,the teacher can often provide content addressing specific student needs,thereby improving motivation and effectiveness.

Making the student comfortable with the technology

Admittedly, the computer can be an overwhelming and imposinginstrument to students and teachers. The complexity of the computer - notto mention the overwhelming choice of possibilities - can put students andteachers off as they lose time grappling with how to use the computer.There are a few basic principles that should be followed in order to helpthe student (and teacher) feel more at home using the computer.

The computer should always be turned on, booted, and the

program loaded (preferably the exercise chosen) before theclass begins. In this manner, students focus on doing the taskat hand rather than getting to the point where they can do thetask.

Students who are not comfortable using computers should beplaced with students who are. These students should not beforced to use the mouse or type at the keyboard. As theybecome more familiar with the technology, they will often beginto play a more active role - even if they don't, the ability to usethe computer is not the issue.

Students more comfortable with the computer should bestrongly discouraged from using other resources available inthe program itself, or in other programs. These students should


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be encouraged to explore these resources on their own bytaking advantage of self-access programs.

Use of the computer should be phased in; instead ofintroducing a complex series of exercises to be done for alesson, teachers should begin by doing a limited amount ofwork with the computer (i.e. one listening exercise followed byan interactive quiz).

Example Lesson

Programme: Accent Coach by Language Connect

Level: Intermediate to Upper Intermediate

The purpose of the lesson is to focus on how intonation affectsunderstanding and production. A typical lesson could begin by askingstudents various questions using different intonations to receive variousresponses based on a sentence written on the board.

Example:

When did Tom drink five cups of coffee?Tom drank five cups of coffee this morning.

Who drank five cups of coffee this morning?Tom drank five cups of coffee this morning.

How many cups of coffee did Tom drink this morning?Tom drank five cups of coffee this morning.

Students inductively learn the importance of intonation in this exercise.This can be followed by a discussion of the importance of intonation andthe difference it can make in understanding.

At this point the computers (which have been turned on, program loadedand starting point chosen) can be employed to practice this by using theany one of a number of intonation lessons provided by Accent Coach byLanguage Connect.

As a follow up to this exercise, students can be given a standard responseand a variety of questions to be asked for that response. Students canpractice responding with the correct intonation. The teacher can walkabout the room controlling the students' responses.

This exercise can be further improved by adding the recording elementprovided by the computer. By recording the voice students can comparetheir pronunciation with a target pronunciation.

I hope this short discussion can lead to further discussion of the effective

use of a computer in an ESL learning situation in our forum.

Guide since 1997


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The Verb Have (Had,Had)

"To have " significa "Ter".

Sendo ele um verbo que tambm

funciona como auxiliar,ele noprecisa de "do,does,did"

para fazer perguntas(embora possaser usado assim tambm)

Basta posicion-lo no incio da frase.

SEUS USOS Pode-se usar "Have" ou "Have got" com o

mesmo significado. "Have got" uma forma britnica. Have um verbo irregular,ou seja, o past

simple e o past participle NO SO comED. EX: I HAVE A HOUSE (EU TENHO UMA CASA) IVE GOT A HOUSE ( EU TENHO UMA CASA)


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CONJUGAO PRES/PAST/PART.

Present tense Past Simple Past Participle

I have I Had Had

You Have You Had Had He Has He Had Had

She Has She had Had

It Has It Had Had

We Have We Had Had

You have You Had Had

They Have They Had Had

Para fazer perguntas basta iniciar peloverbo have. Veja:

You have a new car .

Have you a new car?

Peter has a big house in the city . HasPeter a big house?

I have got a smart dog called Snoopy . Have you got a dog?

I have got a present for you .

Have you got a present for me?


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Pode-se tambm fazer perguntascom Have usando "DO"(present) ou"DID"(past)Usando os exemplos dados temos:

Do you have a car?

Does Peter have a house? (Peter =He = 3apess.present singular use "does , doesn't -

lembra?)

Do you have a dog?

Do you have a present for me?

ATENO

Se a afirmao foi feita com: "have got" melhor fazer a pergunta com

"have got.

HAVE YOU GOT A HOUSE?

Em frases negativas "have" funciona de

dois modos:

Com auxiliar "don't":

I have a big house

I don't have a big house

I have to go now I don't have to go now

Colocando-se "not":

I have not a big house - ou - I haven't abig house

He has not a dog at home - ou - Hehasn't a dog at home


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FORMA ABREVIADA

Note : Haven't = Have + Not .Hasn't = Has + Not

Nota: no dia a dia a formaabreviada preferida.

A forma no abreviada maisusada em textos ou documentosformais

Observe os vrios modos de uso

inclusive de "have got":

Sarah hasn't a car.She goes to schoolby bike.-or- Sarah doesn't have a car.Sgoes to school by bike.

They read a lot and they have a lot ofbooks.

I don't read very much. I don't havemany books.

I'm not very well. I have a headache.

MORE EXAMPLES

Have you got a digital camera? No I havent got one. Do you have a digital camera? No I don't have one. Does Ann have a dog? Yes she has one. Has Ann got o dog ? Yes,she has one. Everybody likes Tom. He has a lot of

friends.


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VERB TO HAVE X PRESENT PERFECT

O verbo Have entra nacomposio de alguns temposcompostos como:

Present Perfect.

Forme with: Have + Past Participle of mainverb.

Usa-se para expressar um estado ou aoconcludas cujo tempo no especificado:

David has writen two great stories (David escreveu duas timas histrias)

I've tried several diets for losing weight.(Tentei vrias dietas para perder peso) Charles has recently bought a new house.

(Charles comprou uma casa nova

recentemente).

Para falar de algo que aconteceu nopassado e continua no presente.

I have never smoked

(Eu nunca fumei)

I haven't smoked for two years

(Eu no fumo h dois anos)

Jennifer hasn't called me for twoweeks

(Jennifer no me telefona h duassemanas).


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TO HAVE X PAST PERFECT

Formado com: Had + Past Participle of main verb.

Usa-se para falar de uma ao que ocorreu antes doutra ao no passado:

When I got at the terminal the bus had already left

(Quando cheguei ao terminal o nibus j tinhapartido).

After the bus left we went back home.

(Depois que o nibus partiu voltamos para casa.)

Past Perfect Passado do Present Perfect.

COMPARE:

The car is dirty. I haven't washed it forweeks

O carro est sujo eu no o lavo h semanas.

The car was dirty.I hadn't washed it forweeks

O carro estava sujo.Eu no o tinha lavado

h semanas.)

Using the Present Perfect Tense

Thepresent perfect tense is made like this:O presente perfeito formado assim:

have/has + past participle. (lembre-se have para ser usado antes deI,You, We, They e Has usa-se antes de He, She It)

O particpio passado sempre a 3 coluna dos verbos :


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Quando o verbo regular, basta acrescentar o ed:

Ex; to play played played

To live lived lived

To dance danced danced

To arrive arrived - arrived

Quando os verbos so irregulares, necessrio memoriz-los. ( Caso notenha memorizado todos, consulte a tabela)

To be was, were - been

To eat ate - eatenTo go went - goneTo do did done

To read read read

To become became become

To write wrote - written

We use it to talk about a something that started in the past and continueduntil now.

Usamos o presente perfeito quando queremos nos referir a uma ao que

comeou no passado e que continuou at agora.

Examples: I have been in California for 2 years. (From 2 years ago in thepast until now, I have been in California. I didn't live in another place.)

or Karen has gone to school everyday since she was 5 years old. (Fromthe time she was 5 years old -in the past- until now, she has gone toschool. She didn't stop going to school.)

EXPRESSES COMUNS COM O PRESENTE PERFECT SO:

ALREADY, YET, SINCE , FOR...


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Use the present perfect tense. Check your answers by clicking onthe arrows.Site:(http://www.5minuteenglish.com/oct22.htm)

1. Jerry (play) basketball since he was young.

Check Your Answ er

2. A: How long have you done karate? B: I (do) it for about 3years now.

Check Your Answ er

3. She was an ugly child. Now she (become) a beautiful woman.

Check Your Answ er

4. Stephanie (be) at the library all day.

Check Your Answ er

5. Oh no! The deer (eat) all of my flowers.

Check Your Answ er

6. That little girl (read) all of the books on that shelf.

Check Your Answ er

7. She said she (study) English for 8 years.

Check Your Answ er

8. Thomas and Bill (watch) TV since 8:00 this morning


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THE PRESENT PERFECT XTHE SIMPLE PRESENT

PERFECT TENSE

passado simples descreve uma ao queocorreu em um tempo determinado no

passado.

OBSERVE OS EXEMPLOS:

A DIFERENA ENTRE ELES

OBSERVE NOS EXEMPLOS:

EU FUI A SO PAULO ONTEM I WENT TO SO PAULO YESTERDAY

EU TENHO IDO A SO PAULOULTIMAMENTE.

I HAVE BEEN TO SO PAULO LATELY.


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PERCEBERAM ?

NO PRIMEIRO EXEMPLO, MEU PASSAFOI DEFINIDO E A AO J TERMINO

NO SEGUNDO EXEMPLO, A A O TEMOCORRIDO E PROVAVELMENTE AINDCONTINUAR

ESSA A DIFERENA BSICA ENTREPASSADO E O PRESENTE PERFEITO.

MAIS EXEMPLOS

I have been to Caldas NovasI went to Caldas Novas last week.

a)I have been to Caldas Novas. (Eu estive em , fui a Caldas Novas)

b)I went to Caldas Novas last week.(Eu fui a Caldas Novas na semana passada)I went to Caldas Novas last month.I went to Caldas Novas last year.I went to Caldas Novas last Saturday.

I went to Caldas Novas in 2001.I went ot Caldas Novas three months ago.


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QUANDO E ONDE USAR YE

Yet significa: ainda, at agora, at estemomento. Yet usado nas formas negatie interrogativas.

Na forma negativa, yet significa ainda noat agora no.Exemplo: I haven`t finished the exercises

(Eu ainda no terminei os exerccios)

Yet NA INTERROGATIV

Na forma interrogativa, yet significa j.

Exemplo: Have you finished the exercises yet? Voc j terminou os exerccios?

O USO DO JUST NO PRESE

PERFECT O advrbio JUST e tambm usado coPresent Perfect para expressar uma aque acabou de acontecer, (acabou deconcluir.)

Just colocado entre o sujeito e o veprincipal.

Just significa: h pouco, agora mesmo.


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EXEMPLOS COM JUS

I have just finished the exercises.(Eu acabei de fazer os exerccios)

Have you finished the exercises yet?

Yes, I have. I have already finished theexercises.

I have just finished the exercises.

SINCE and FOR with the PresePerfect Tense

Since: desde for: por, durante

Usamos since com o presente Perfectpara mencionar desde quando a aovem ocorrendo.

FOR

Usamos for para indicar o perodo de

tempo que a ao durou.

Ive lived in London for four years.

Eu morei em Londres por 4 anos


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Outras expresses no pres.p

Never = nunca

Ex: Ive never been to the U.S.A.

Eu nunca estive nos Estados Unidos.

ever Preferencialmente nas interrogativa Significa = alguma vez, j.

Have you ever been to the U.S.A.? Voc j esteve nos Estados Unidos Ou

Alguma vez voc foi l?


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RECENTLY X LATELY

RECENTEMENTE X ULTIMAMENTE

TAMBM USADOS COM O PRES. PERFECT,

FINAL DA FRASES

Ive been to the U.S.A. recently.

Eu estive recentemente nos E.U.A.

Ive been to the U.S.A. lately

Eu tenho estado nos Estados Unidos ultimament

EXERCISES

Write questions or negative sentences. He cleaned his room before school. ( I)

_______________________________ The teacher corrected our tests last night. (N)__________________________

Tom wanted to go to the movie alone. (I)______________________________

Helena offered Henrique a piece of cake. (N)___________________________

Alexandre helped Anita with her exercises. (I)__________________________

They turned off the TV after the news. (N)_____________________________


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EXERCISES

Complete the sentences with the simple past of the verbs inbrackets.I __________ (buy) a book for my brothers birthday. It

_________ (cost) $ 15.

She __________(bring) many of her friends to our party.They _________(leave) home very early yesterday.They _________ (do) their homework and ________ (go) toschool.Lcio ________ (stop) at the corner and called us.A Tornado __________ (destroy) the village last week.Bob ___________ (come) home from school late.Chris _________ (find) a tn dollar and ________ (give) it tome.

Write affirmative, negative orinterrogative sentences . Use

the present perfect.

He has cleaned his room. (N)___________________________________

They have bought a house. (I )__________________________________

She hasnt been to Bahia. (A )___________________________________

Has he cut himself ? ( N)____________________________________

I have finished my homework. (I )________________________________


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Write sentences or questions. Usethe present perfect.

they/be to Japan/already.

_________________________________________

I/have a shower/ just.

____________________________________________

She/ meet Tom/not yet.__________________________________________

You/yet/have/lunch ?__________________________________________

He/many times/drive/a truck.______________________________________

CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER

1. When ________________ thecompany?

a)have you joined

b)did you joined

c)did you join d)have you ever joined

QUESTION

___________________ in Pakistan? a)Did you ever worked b)Have you ever worked c)Worked you d)Didn't you have worked


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QUESTION

3. That's the best presentation______________

a) I never heard b) I didn't hear

c) I used to hear d) I've ever heard

question 4. He's the most difficult customer

_____________________

a)I never dealt with. b)I never had to deal with. c)I've ever had to deal with. d)I've never had to deal with.

question

5. ___________________ to him lastweek.

a)I spoke b)I've already spoken

c)I didn't spoke

d)I speaked


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question

6. ______________ a binding contractlast year and it is still valid.

a)We have signed

b)We signed

c)We haven't signed

d)We have sign

question

. The reason I look so brown is that_______________ from a business tripto Barbados

a)I come back

b)I came back

c)I never came back

d)I've just come back

question

8. Sales ________ in 1995 but then_____ in 1996.

a)rised falled

b)rose fell

c)have risen have fallen

d)rose have fallen


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question

. You ____________ to aword ____________

a)listened I haven't said b)didn't listen I say

c)listened saying

d)haven't listened I've said

question 10. It's obvious that ________________

this report.

a)you haven't read b)you didn't read c)you don't read d)you read not

A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"B: I don't know. I

_________________(see, never) thatmovie.


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My best friend and I ____________(know)each other for over fifteen years. We stillget together once a week.

Stinson is a fantastic writer. He_________(write) ten very creative short stories in thelast year. One day, he'll be as famous asHemingway.

. I ___________(have, not) this much funsince I _______________(be) a kid.


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. Things _________(change) a great dealat Coltech, Inc. When wefirst___________ (start) working herethree years ago, the company

___________(have, only) six employees.Since then, we __________ (expand) toinclude more than 2000 full-time workers.

I _____________(tell) him to stay on thepath while he was hiking, but he________________ (wander) off into theforest and (be) bitten by a snake.

Listen Donna, I don't care if you

_______________(miss) the bus thismorning. You ____________(be) late towork too many times. You are fired!


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Sam is from Colorado, which is hundredsof miles from the coast, so he________________(see, never) the

ocean. He should come with us to Miami.

How sad! George _____________(dream)of going to California before he died, buthe didn't make it. He _______________(see, never) the ocean.

In the last hundred years, traveling______________(become) much easier andvery comfortable. In the 19th century, it

_____________(take) two or three months tcross North America by covered wagon. The

_____________(be) very rough and oftendangerous. Things __________(change) a gdeal in the last hundred and fifty years. Nowcan fly from New York to Los Angeles in a mof hours.


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Jonny, I can't believe how much you________________(change) since the lastime I _____________(see) you. You______________(grow) at least a foot!

This tree _____________ (be) planted bythe settlers who ____________(found) our

city over four hundred years ago.

This mountain _____________(be, never)climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers_____________(try) to reach the top, butnobody (succeed, ever) . The climb isextremely difficult and many people__________________(die) trying to reachthe summit.


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I _____________(visit, never) Africa, but I(travel) to South America several times.The last time I ______________(go) toSouth America, I (visit) Brazil and Peru. I

_____________(spend) two weeks in theAmazon, (hike) for a week near MachuPicchu, and ______________(fly) over theNazca Lines.

RESOLVER EXERCCIOS NOSITE ABAIXO:

http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/228.html

THE PAST PERFECTTENSEFORMA

O Past Perfect formado pelo verbo auxiliar "have" no passado (had) e o

Past Participle


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do verbo principal.

Ex.: Thomas had been terribly disappointed when he met her.

Forma Afirmativa:

When I arrived there, I saw that I had gone to the wrong place.

They had lived in the same building for two years and didn't know eachother.

Forma Interrogativa

Had you been there before?Had I worked with them?

Forma Negativa

I hadn't seen them until then.Hugh hadn't realized that the situation was so serious.

USO

Em um contexto j situado no passado, usamos o Past Perfect paramostrar que a

ao qual nos referimos anterior s que acontecem no texto.

Ex.: I was talking to her, and suddenly, I realized that we had met oncebefore.

Note que o Past Perfect deve estar sempre inserido em um contexto jno passado,

ou sua utilizao estar errada.

EXERCISES

All of the following sentences should be completed using the SimplePast, the Present Perfect or the Past Perfect. You must use the words inthe parentheses to fill in the blanks. If you are confused, go to theSimplePast, thePresent Perfect or the Past Perfect ..

EXAMPLES

I) Five thousand years ago the Egyptians (build) builtthe Great Pyramidsnear


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modern-day Cairo.B) Frank (swim, never) has never swumin the Pacific Ocean.C) Edmund (see, never) had never seenan elephant before his trip toKenya.

1. When I (arrive) ___________________ home last night, I discovered

that Jane (prepare) _______________ a beautiful candle-lit dinner.

2. Since I began acting, I (perform) ___________________ in two plays,a television commercial and a TV drama. However, I (speak, never even)

_____________________ publicly before I came to Hollywood in 1985.

3. By the time I got to the office, the meeting (begin, already)__________________ without me. My boss (be) _____________ furiouswith me and I (fire) ___________________.

4. When I (turn) ________________ the radio on yesterday, I (hear)_________________ a song that was popular when I was in highschool. I (hear, not) ____________________ the song in years and it(bring) ____________________ back some great memories.

5. Last week, I (run)_______________ into an exgirlfriend of mine. We(see, not) ____________________ each other in years and both of us(change) ___________________ a great deal. I (enjoy)

__________________ talking to her so much that I (ask)

_____________________ her out on a date. We are getting togethertonight for dinner.

6. When Jack (enter) ___________________ the room, I (recognize, not)______________________him because he(lose)____________________ so much weight and (grow)

____________________ a beard. He looked totally different!

7. The Maya established a very advanced civilization in the jungles of the

Yucatan; however, their culture (disappear,virtually)_____________________ by the time Europeans first(arrive)____________________ in the New World.

8. I (visit)_____________________ so many beautiful places since I(come)__________________ to Utah. Before moving here, I (hear,never)_____________________ of Bryce Canyon, Zion, Arches orCanyonlands.


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Conditional sentences

There are three types of the if-clauses.

H trs tipos de sentenas condicionais com se (if):

type condition

I condition possible to fulfill (condio possve acontecer)

II condition in theory possible to fulfill ( tericamentepossvel)

IIIcondition not possible to fulfill (too late) (impossvel)tarde demais.

Form

type if clause main clause

I Simple Present will-future (or Modal + infinitive)

II Simple Past would + infinitive *

III Past Perfect would + have + past participle *

Examples (if-clause at the beginning)

type if clause main clause

I If I study, I will pass the exam.

II If I studied, I would pass the exam.

III If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

Examples (if-clause at the end)

type main clause if-clause

I I will pass the exam if I study.

II I would pass the exam if I studied.

III I would have passed the exam if I had studied.

Examples (affirmative and negative sentences)

type Examples

long forms short/contracted forms

I

+ If I study, I will pass the exam. If I study, I'll pass the exam.

-If I study, I will not fail the exam.If I do not study, I will fail the exam.

If I study, I won't fail the exam.If I don't study, I'll fail the exam.

II

+ If I studied, I would pass the exam. If I studied, I'd pass the exam.

-If I studied, I would not fail the exam.If I did not study, I would fail the exam.

If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam.If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam.

III

+If I had studied, I would have passed

the exam.If I'd studied, I'd have passed the exam.

-If I had studied, I would not have failedthe exam.If I had not studied, I would have failed

If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed theexam.If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the


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the exam. exam.

* We can substitute could or might for would (should, may or must are sometimes possible,too).

I would pass the exam.

I could pass the exam.

I might pass the exam.

I may pass the exam.I should pass the exam.

I must pass the exam

Using the Conditional (part 1)

We use the conditional to show a possible situation based on another situation. For example:

Usamos o condicional para mostrar uma possvel situao, baseada em outra situao. Porexemplo:

IfA happens, then B will happen.

Se A acontecer, ento B acontecer

The first conditional shows that something could possibly happen. Itsstructure is like this:

O primeiro condicional mostra que algo possivelmente poder acontecer.Sua estrutura assim:

If+ subject + present tense (or present progressive) ----,subject+will/may/can + base verb ----.

If + sujeito no presente(ou presente contnuo) , acontecer sujeito + will ou may, ou can +verbo principal.

For example:

If it rains tomorrow, I will take my umbrella.

Se chover, eu levarei meu guarda-chuva

If you help me, we can finish earlier.

Se voc me ajudar, nos podemos terminar mais cedo.

If the boys give the monkey a coin, it may dance for them.

Se os garotos derem o ao macaco uma moeda, ele poder danar para eles.


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Notice that each sentence above uses the present tense on the ifside. But we could also use thepresent progressive if something is happening right now.

Note que cada sentena acima usa o tempo presente ao lado do if. Mas ns tambmpoderamos usar o presente contnuo se algo estivesse acontecendo agora.

If he isn't working right now, he may want to come over for dinner.

Se ele no estiver trabalhando agora, ele pode querer parecer para jantar.

We can also change the order of the sentence and put the ifside on the second half. The onlydifference is that there is no comma.

Tambm pode-se mudar a ordem da sentena e colocar o if ao lado da segunda metade dasentena. A nica diferena que no h vrgula.

I will take my umbrella if it rains tomorrow.

Eu levarei meu guarda-chuva se chover amanh.

We can finish earlier if you help me.

Ns podemos terminar mais cedo se voc me ajudar.

The monkey may dance for the boys if they give it a coin.

O macaco pode danar para os garotos se eles lhe derem uma moeda.

He may want to come over for dinner if he isn't working right now.

Use- First If Clause

It is possible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause.

possvel preencher uma condio que dada na if-clause

Form

if clause main clause

Simple Present

will-futureorinfinitiveorModal + infinitive

Examples

If I study, I will pass the exams.

If you see John tonight, tell him to e-mail me.If Ben gets up early he can catch the bus.

The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.


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If I study, I will pass the exams.

I will pass the exams if I study.

Use Second If Clause

It is theoretically possible to fulfill a condition which is given in the if-clause.

teoricamente possvel preencher uma condio que dada na condicional:

Form


Simple Past

would + infinitiveorcould + infinitiveormight + infinitive

Examples

If I studied, I would pass the exams.

If I studied, I could pass the exams.

If I studied, I might pass the exams.


If I studied, I would pass the exams.

I would pass the exams if I studied.

Use- Third Condicional

It is impossible to fulfill a condition which is given in the if-clause.

impossvel preencher uma condio que dada na condicional:

Form


Past Perfectwould + have + past participleorcould + have + past participleormight + have + past participle

Examples

If I had studied, I would have passed the exams.

If I had studied, I could have passed the exams.

If I had studied, I might have passed the exams.


A sentence condicional pode estar no comeo ou no final da sentena:


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If I had studied, I would have passed the exams.

I would have passed the exams if I had studied

Structure

If-clauses can be clause-initial (1), clause-medial (2) as well as clause-final (3).

Sentenas condicionais podem ter a condicional no incio (1) no meio (2) ou no fim (3).

(1) If you like, we can catch a movie.

(2) We, if you like, can catch a movie.

(3) We can catch a movie if you like.

Types

Aside from the typical type I, II, III structure, conditionals can be divided into two categories:

Junto com os trs tipos de estrutura comuns, os condicionais podem se dividir em 02 outrascategorias:

real and unreal conditionals.

Condicionais reais e irreais.

Real Condition ( Condio Real)If I have money, I spend it. Present Real Conditional - type I

If I had money, I spent it. Past Real Conditional - type I

If I have money, I will/am going to spend it. Future Real Conditional - type I

Unreal Condition (Condio Irrea)

If I had had money, I wouldhave spent it. Past unreal Conditional - type III

If I had money, I wouldspend it.

I think about spending themoney TODAY. Present unreal Conditional - type II

If I had money, I wouldspend it.

I think about spending themoney NEXT WEEK.

Future unreal Conditional - type II

Special Features( Caractersiticas especiais)

Modal verbs ( com os modais)

Main clauses with real conditional tenses can have modal verbs.

A sentena principal com tempos condicionais reais podem usar os modais:

If I have money, I can spend it.


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Replacing if

If can be replaced by words or expressions with a similar meaning.

The most common are:

as long asassuming (that)

on condition (that)on the assumption (that)provided (that)supposing (that)unlesswith the condition (that)

Omitting if ( OMITINDO O SE)

Had I known... (instead of If I had known...)

Tivesse eu sabido ( ao invs de se dizer: se eu tivesse sabido)

Were you my daughter,... (instead of: If you were my daughter,...)

Fosse voc~e minha filha ( ao invs de : se voc fosse minha filha...)

Should you need my advice,... (instead of: If you should need my advice,...)

Tivesse voc necessidado do meu conselho.. ( ao invs de : se voc tivesse necessitado...)

if vs. when ( Se X Quando)

ifand when are interchangeable when the statement of the conditional clause is a fact or a generalissue (also known as zero conditional)

Se e quando so mutveis quando a sentena no condicional um fato ou uma questo comum (tambm conhecida como condicional zero)

Ifyou heat ice, it melts. Se voc aquecer o gelo, ele derrete.

When you heat ice, it melts. Quando voc aquece o gelo, ele derrete

ifis used for something that, according to the speaker, might happen.

Se usado para algo que, de acordo com o narrador, poderia acontecer.

We can spend the afternoon on the beach ifthe weather is fine.Ns podemos passar a tarde na praia se o tempo estiver bom.

when is used for something that, according to the speaker, will happen.

Quando usado para algo que, de acordo com o narrador, acontecer.

I will clean up the kitchen right away when I'm back from work.Eu limparei a cozinha imediatamente quando eu voltar do trabalho.


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in case vs. if ( caso x se)

in case ofcan be used to shorten an if-clause as shown below:

no caso de ( caso) pode ser usado para encurtar uma condicional com se conforme mostradoabaixo:

If there is a fire, leave the room.Se houver fogo, deixe a sala

In case of fire, leave the room.Em caso de fogo, deixe a sala.

While ifexpresses a condition (1), in case is used to express a possibility (2).

Enquanto o se expressa uma condio ( 1 ) , caso usado para expressar uma possibilidade (2 )

(1) I need painkillers ifI'm in severe pain.

(2) I need painkillers in case I'm in severe pain.

The expressionjust in case is used pretty much the same way.

A expresso se por acaso usada muito semelhantemente.

I got you a pizzajust in case you were hungry.(I don't know whether you are hungry.)

EXERCISES

Put in the correct phrases and form a conditional sentence (type I, II, III). Watch theunderlined verbs.

Example: If he had studied harder, he ________________(to pass)his driving test.

Answer: If he had studied harder, he would have passedhis driving test.

1) If we meet at 9:30, we (to have)plenty of time.2) Lisa would find the milk if she (to look)in the fridge.3) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she

(to feed)the animals.

4) If you spoke louder, your classmates (to understand)you.

5) Dan (to arrive)safe if he drove slowly.

6) You (to have)no trouble at school if you had done yourhomework.

7) If you (to swim)in this lake, you'll shiver from cold.


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8) The door will unlock if you (to press)the green button.

9) If Mel (to ask)her teacher, he'd have answered herquestions.

10) I (to call)the office if I were you.

Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Conditional sentence - type I. Only use the will-

future in the main clauses.Example: If I __ (to go) to the cinema, I ________ (to watch) an interesting film.

Answer: If I go to the cinema, I will watch an interesting film.

1) If I (to study), I (to pass) the exams.

2) If the sun (to shine), we (to walk) to the town.

3) If he (to have) a temperature, he (to see) the doctor.

4) If my friends (to come), I (to be) very happy.

5) If she (to earn) a lot of money, she (to fly) to New York.

6) If we (to travel) to London, we (to visit) the museums.

7) If you (to wear) sandals in the mountains, you (to slip) on the rocks.

8) If Rita (to forget) her homework, the teacher (to give) her a low mark.

9) If they (to go) to the disco, they (to listen) to loud music.

10) If you (to wait) a minute, I (to ask) my parents

Continuar a resolver exerccios sobre if-clauses no site:

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/if.htm

ANOMALOUS VERBS

- CAN

Forma:- can (present)- could (past)- will be able to (future)

Usos:para indicar- capacidade ou habilidade


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- permisso (coloquial)- grande possibilidade

Exemplos:Susan can play the piano beautifully.He could lend you some money if you asked.

- MAY

Forma:- may (present or future)- might (past)- may (might) + have + Past Participle (past probability)

Usos:para indicar- permisso (formal)

- probabilidade

Exemplos:The weather is not very good. It may rain later on.He may have told her the bad news, thats why she doesnt feel good.

- MUST

Forma:

- must (present).- had to (past necessity or obligation)- must have + Past Participle (strong past probability)- must/will have to (future)

Ateno:must not (proibio)need not ou dont (doesnt) have to (no necessidade)

Usos:para indicar necessidade ou obrigao deduo ou forte probabilidade

Exemplos:Soldiers must obey orders.He must have known what she wanted.

- SHOULD e OUGHT (to)

Forma:should ou ought (to) (Present or future)


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should ou ought to + have + Past Participle (past)

Usos:para indicar conselho, sugesto

Exemplos:You ought to start at once.He should have finished his work before the teacher came in.

can, must

1) can

I can play football.My sister can play volleyball.I can't play handball. = I cannot play handball.Can I go to the cinema?When can we ride our bikes?

2) must

The children must be at school at 7.35.I must help my father this afternoon.Must we clean our room now?

can - to be able to, to be allowed to

We often use to be able to or to be allowed to instead of "can". We can only form the Past of"can" (could). To put "can" into other tenses we need the phrases to be able to or to be

allowed to.

Affirmative sentences

Tense Modal Form

Simple Present I canplay football.

I am able toplay football.I'm able toplay football.

I am allowed toplay football.I'm allowed toplay football.

Simple Past I couldplay football.I was able toplay football.

I was allowed toplay football.

will-future not possible

I will be able toplay football.I'll be able toplay football.

I will be allowed toplay football.I'll be allowed toplay football.

Negations

Tense Modal Form

Simple PresentI cannotplay football.I can'tplay football.

I am not able toplay football.I'm not able toplay football.


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I am not allowed toplay football.I'm not allowed toplay football.

Simple Past I could notplay football.I couldn'tplay football.

I was not able toplay football.I wasn't able toplay football.

I was not allowed toplay football.I wasn't allowed toplay football.

will-future not possible

I will not be able toplay football.I won't be able toplay football.

I will not be allowed toplay football.I won't be allowed toplay football.

Future

Modal Form Comment

not possibleI will be able toplay football. I'm not hurt.

I will be allowed toplay football. Nobody objects.

Modals, Auxiliaries

be, have and do can be auxiliaries und full verbs.

Modals are: can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would and need(need can be a full verb, too).

We can play football.

We could play football.

We may play football.

We might play football.

We must play football.

We mustn't play football.

We needn't play football.

We ought to play football.

We shall play football.

We should play football.

We will play football.

We would play football.

Note:

1) Do not use modals for things which happen definitely.The sun rises in theEast.

2) They do not have an -s in the 3rd person singular. He canplay football.

3) Questions are formed without do/does/did. Can he speak Spanish?

4) It follows a full verb in the infinitive. They mustread thebook.

5) There are no past forms (except could and would). He was allowed towatch the film.


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5) No h formas de passado (exceto could e would)Ele foi autorizado aassistir ao filme

6)

When you use the past particple, you tell about thingswhich did not happen in the past.Quando voc usa o particpio passado, voc fala sobrecoisas que no aconteceram no passado.

You should have toldme.Voc deveria ter mecontado.

Form (Forma)

positive negative

long form contracted form long form contracted form

can -- cannot can't

could -- could not couldn't

may -- may not --

might -- might not --

ought to -- ought not to oughtn't to

-- -- need not needn'tshall 'll shall not shan't

should 'd -- shouldn't

will 'll will not won't

would 'd would not wouldn't

EXERCISES WITH MODAL VERBS

Site: http://englishroque.blogspot.com/2008/08/questes-grupo-10.html

1) She _______ play this game perfectly last week.(A) ought(B) can(C) could(D) may(E) might

2) Nicki ____ leave this room now.(A) musts(B) must

(C) have to(D) has(E) had to

3) They mustnt enter that room , expressa:(A) uma ordem(B) uma proibio(C) uma advertncia(D) uma prescrio(E) uma obrigao

4) Im awfully sorry , but I had no choice. I simply ______ what I did.(A) ought to(B) must to(C) have done


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(D) had to do(E) will have to do

5) Dont go out now! It _______.(A) may be raining(B) may be rainning(C) mays rain(D) may have raining(E) might to rain

6) Joe has just suffered an accident. He ________.(A) should to be resting(B) needs to resting(C) ought be resting(D) ought to resting(E) ought to be resting

7) had no time to.(A) should write(B) must write

(C) had write(D) should have written(E) must have written

8) They ___________ early when they live in the country.(A) ought got up(B) Used to get up(C) may get up(D) can get up(E) able to get up

9) He _____ play chess when he was young, bur now he _____ do it anymore.(A) could, cant(B) may, might(C) to must, cant(D) could, cannot(E) a and d are correct

10)Assinale a alternativa que indica o sentido da palavra em negrito.It could be too late.(A) capacidade

(B) habilidade(C) possibilidade(D) permisso(E) necessidade

11)Someone knocks at the door. You open it and he says:

a) Should I come in?b) Would I come in?c) Must I come in?d) May I come in?

e) Have I come in?

12)Shes so good that theres nothing she _______________ do.


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a) cantb) cannot toc) may tod) hase) isnt able

13)Qual das sentenas abaixo comunica uma obrigao?

a) I can learn how to speak English well.

b) I may learn how to speak English well.c) I must learn how to speak English well.d) I want learn how to speak English well.e) I will learn how to speak English well.

14)You seem tired. You _________________ to have a rest.

a) oughtb) mightc) mustd) should

e) could

15)You_____________ see a doctor if you really feel ill.

a) to mustb) shouldc) ought tod) a and b are correcte) b and c are correct

16)I ____________ a lazy student, but now I know I was just wasting my time.

a) used to beb) use to bec) to use bed) using bee) uses be

17)Before he____________ make arrangements to go to New York, Georgereceived a surprising letter.

a) mayb) mustc) shalld) coulde) will

18)You _______________ stop if the lights are red.

a) gob) are goingc) have

d) oughte) must


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19)As I worked for long hours, my doctor said that I ______________ to go to bedearlier.

a) mightb) mustc) oughtd) shoulde) may

20)I _____________ a lot when I was a teenager, but now I dont smokeanymore.

a) used to smokeb) could have smokec) used smokingd) would have smokede) am used smoking

21)Cinco mdicos falaram sobre os possveis efeitos do consumo excessivo decaf. A afirmao menos categrica foi: If a person drinks too much coffee he

______ Get very sick in a short period of time.(A) many(B) can(C) might(D) will(E) ought to

22)If you want to catch up with your colleagues you _______ study at least fourhours a day.(A) can(B) may(C) might(D) would(E) must

23)I _______ have gone if I ________ received your letter.(A) could have(B) would had(C) would have(D) would did(E) could did

24)You ought to stay, means(A) you may stay(B) you should stay(C) you must stay(D) you have to stay(E) you might stay

25)A alternativa que corretamente preenche as lacunas I, II, III das sentenas:

1) He _______ climb to the top of that mountain. (I)2) ________ the child have the toy? (II)3) She ______ go now. (III) respectivamente:


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(A) can to, mays, musts to(B) can, may, must(C) can to, may, must to(D) cans, mays, musts(E) will can, will may, will must

26)I _________ play tennis yesterday because it wasnt raining.(A) may

(B) was able to(C) can(D) ought to(E) must to

27) You mustnt take that medicine expressa uma:(A) ordem(B) advertncia(C) obrigao(D) proibio(E) chateao

28)Mark the correct alternative:Are you going to Sues wedding? I know I ____________ go, but I _____________ not be able to make it.(A) must/can(B) should/may(C) can/might(D) may/should(E) ought to/must

29)The childmustnt

get out of his room.The underlined word indicates:(A) no necessity(B) prohibition(C) inability(D) no obligation(E) no possibility

30))____________ I smoke here?Yes, but you _____________ throw ashes on the floor.(A) may/should

(B) might/must not to(C) can/ mustnt(D) could/ought to(E) would/shouldnt

31)Passe para o ingls: Costumo dormir cedo a) I used sleep earlyb) I used to sleep earlyc) I am used to sleeping earlyd) I get used to sleep earlye) I got used to sleep early

32)I cant see him here, he_____homea) must goesb) could have go


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c) should goingd) must have gonee) could has gone

33)She____ a lot. She got the best mark in her class.a) can have studiedb) must have studiedc) would have studiedd) should have studied

e) must have study

34)He _____ there regularly, but now he never doesa) used to gob) goesc) was used to god) used to goinge) used to gone

35)You seen tired. You____ to have a rest.a) tought

b) mightc) mustd) shoulde) could

36)Translate into English: no estamos acostumados a falar ingls.a) were not used to speaking englishb) we dont use to speak englishc) were not used to speak englishd) were not accostumed speaking englishe) were used not speaking English

37)I _____ be a lazy student, but now I know I was just wasting my time.a) used tob) use toc) to used) usinge) uses

38)You ______ decide at oncea) tought

b) should toc) cand) muste) could

39)Due to the strike, trains _____ arrive some minutes late.a) to canb) cansc) maysd) maye) to may

40)Listen, if you really want to get over your sickness you _____ not sleep latea) betterb) d better to


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c) better tod) d bettere) would better

41)Complete with can or a may:a) I ______ go with you.b) I ______ learn to speak English!c) It __________ be dangerous.d) She asked if they ________ come in.

e) They _____ find a restaurant near here, but Im not sure!

42)Now, complete with could or might:a) she _______live alone.b) _________ you call me this afternoon ?c) Im afraid you _______be wrong, teacher!d) You would change the world if you __________.

43)Fill in with must or should:a) he _______work more.b) What a beautiful car! It _______belong to a rich person.

c) They _______respect the others.d) She ________ eat to live.

44)___ you speak any foreign languages?a) May b) Can c) Have

45)Liz ___ get tired of her job. It is so boring.a) has to b) must c) should

46)Where's Nick? He ___ be in his office.a) might b) mustn't c) is to

47)Take an umbrella. It ___ rain later.a) has to b) need c) might

48)Jack ___ go to hospital yesterday.a) must b) had to c) need

49)Jane was so tired. She ___ have worked days and nights.a) should b) must c) need

50)___ it be true?a) Must b) May c) Can

Heal the World (traduo)Michael Jackson

THERE'S A PLACE IN YOUR HEARTH um lugar em seu corao


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AND I KNOW THAT IT IS LOVEE eu sei que ele o amorAND THIS PLACEE nesse lugarCOULD BE MUCH BRIGHTER THAN TOMORROWPode estar o mais brilhante amanhAND IF YOU REALLY TRYE se voc realmente tentarYOU'LL FIND THERE'S NO NEED TO CRY

Voc ir descobrir que no precisa chorarIN THIS PLACENesse lugarYOU'LL FEEL THERE'S NO HURT OR SORROWVoc ir sentir, que no h mgoa ou tristezaTHERE ARE WAYS TO GET THEREH caminhos para chegar lIF YOU CARE ENOUGH FOR THE LIVINGSe voc se importa muito com a vidaMAKE A LITTLE SPACECrie um pequeno espaoMAKE A BETTER PLACE ...

Crie um lugar melhor

( REFRO )

HEAL THE WORLDCure o mundoMAKE IT A BETTER PLACEFaa dele um lugar melhor

FOR YOU AND FOR MEPara voc e para mimAND THE ENTIRE HUMAN RACEE toda a raa humanaTHERE ARE PEOPLE DYINGH pessoas morrendoIF YOU CARE ENOUGH FOR THE LIVINGSe voc se importa muito com a vidaMAKE A BETTER PLACEFaa um lugar melhorFOR YOU AND FOR ME

Para voc e para mimIF YOU WANT TO KNOW WHYSe voc quer saber por queTHERE'S A LOVE THAT CANNOT LIEExiste um amor que no pode mentirLOVE IS STRONGO amor forteIT ONLY CARES OF JOYFUL GIVINGE s cuida das ddivas alegresIF WE TRY WE SHALL SEESe ns tentarmos, ns veremos

IN THIS BLISS WE CANNOT FEELNesta felicidade ns no sentimosFEAR OR DREADMedo ou receio


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WE STOP EXISTING AND START LIVINGParamos o existir e comeamos a viverTHEN IT FEELS THAT ALWAYSEnto sentimos que sempreLOVE'S ENOUGH FOR US GROWINGBastante amor nos faz crescerSO MAKE A BETTER WORLDEnto faa um mundo melhorMAKE A BETTER WORLD ...

Faa um mundo melhor( REPETE REFRO )AND THE DREAM WE WERE CONCEIVED IN WILL REVEAL A JOYFUL ACEE o sonho que ns concebemos ... eevelar um rosto alegreAND THE WORLD WE ONCE BELIEVED IN WILL SHINE AGAIN IN GRACEE o mundo que uma vez ns acreditamos ir brilhar de novo em graaTHEN WHYEnto por que...DO WE KEEP STRANGLING LIFENs sufocamos a vida ?WOUND THIS EARTH CRUCIFY ITS SOULFerimos esta Terra, crucificamos esta almaTHOUGH IT'S PLAIN TO SEEMas claro ver...THIS WORLD IS HEAVENLYQue este mundo divinoBE GOD'S GLOW a luz de DeusWE COULD FLY SO HIGHNs podemos voar to altoLET OUR SPIRITS NEVER DIE

Nunca deixar nossas almas morreremIN MY HEARTEm meu coraoI FEEL YOU ARE ALL MY BROTHERSEu sinto vocs todos meus irmosCREATE A WORLD WITH NO FEARCrie um mundo sem medosTOGETHER WE CRY HAPPY TEARSJuntos ns choraremos lgrimas de alegriaSEE THE NATIONVeja a nao

TURN THEIR SWORDS INTO PLOWSHARESTransforme suas espadas em aradosWE COULD REALLY GET THERENs poderamos realmente conseguirIF YOU CARE ENOUGH FOR THE LIVINGSe voc se importa muito com a vidaMAKE A LITTLE SPACECrie um pequeno espaoMAKE A BETTER PLACE ...Crie um lugar melhor( REFRO 3 VEZES )

HEAL THE WORLDCure o mundoMAKE IT A BETTER PLACEFaa dele um lugar melhor


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FOR YOU AND FOR MEPara voc e para mimAND THE ENTIRE HUMAN RACEE toda a raa humanaTHERE ARE PEOPLE DYINGH pessoas morrendoIF YOU CARE ENOUGH FOR THE LIVINGSe voc se importa muito com a vidaMAKE A BETTER PLACE

Faa um lugar melhorFOR YOU AND FOR MEPara voc e para mimYOU AND FOR MEPara voc e para mim

Conquest of Paradise

Cantado por: Dana Winner

There shines a light in the hart of man

Uma luz brilha no corao das pessoas

That defies the dead of the night

Que desafia a escurido da noite

A beam that close within every soul

Uma luz cravada em cada alma

Like wings of hope taking flight

Como asas da esperana levantando voo

A sunny day, when a babys born

Um dia ensolarado quando nasce um beb

The little things that we say

As pequenas coisas que dizemos

A special sparkle in someones eye

Um brilho especial nos olhos de cada pessoa


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Simple gifts, every day

Presentes simples, todos os dias

Somewhere theres a paradise

Em algum lugar existe um paraso

Where everyone finds release

Onde todos encontram libertao

Its here on earth and between your eyes

aqui na terra e entre os seus olhos

A place we all find our peace

Um lugar onde encontramos nossa paz

Come open your heart

Venha - abra seu corao...

Reach for the stars

Estenda as mos para as estrelas

Believe your own power

Acredite no seu poder

Now, here in this place

Agora, aqui neste local

Here on this earth

Aqui nesta terra

This is the hour

Esta a hora

Its just a place we call paradise

um lugar que chamamos de paraso

Each of us has his own

Cada um de ns tem o seu prprio

It has no name, no, it has no price


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No tem nome, no, no tem preo

Its just a place we call home

um lugar que chamamos de lar

A dream that reach beyond the stars

Um sonho que alcana alm das estrelas

The endless blue of the skies

O azul sem fim do cu

Forever wondering who we are?

Sempre nos per

Documents

Apostila geral de laboratório de lingua inglêsa. 3º semestre de letras FIMI.pdf