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GT1 240
C O M U N I C A Ç Ã O O R A L
AS DUAS CULTURAS E OS REFLEXOS NO MUNDO ATUAL NAS CIÊNCIAS E NA CIÊNCIA DA INFORMAÇÃO62*
Valeria Gauz, Lena Vania Ribeiro Pinheiro
Resumo: Diferenças entre as Ciências Naturais e as Humanidades a partir da palestra de Charles Snow !"# $%&'($)*"+,"-!./'$01&2"&."34542"As Duas Culturas. Para esse cientista e escritor de Literatura, !" $ 06()'$!7$8!9:+"(&";+ ()$)6<!"&."= $;!" (+769:+">!'!"+"!%! 9+"0+(">!<(&(".& +(" ,!%+'&;$0+(?"@"!((6 )+"AB"C!%$!"($0+"0&/!)$0+" +("D()!0+("# $0+("&."+6)'!("+>+')6 $0!0&(2"(+/"!"E)$;!"0+(".+0&7+("educacionais e seu impacto no progresso desse país, onde as Ciências desempenhariam papel $.>+')! )&2".!(")!./F."!("G')&(2">+'",+'.!'"CB/$)+("0&"'&H&I:+?"G>&(!'"0+"!,!()!.& )+"+;+''$0+"0& )'+"0!(">'E>'$!("0$(;$>7$ !("0!("-$J ;$!("K!)6'!$("&"& )'&"&()!("&"!("L6.! $0!0&(2")!./F."&I$()&."$ )&'(&9M&("& )'&"!("06!("-$J ;$!(?"K!"L$()E'$!2">+'"&I&.>7+2"!("!>'+I$.!9M&("(&".! $,&()!.">+'".&$+" 0!(" >'B)$;!(" 0!" >'+069:+" ;$& )<N;!?" O&(P6$(!" '&;& )&" &."-$J ;$!" 0!" Q ,+'.!9:+2 no Brasil, 0&)&;)+6"P6&"!(";+.6 $;!9M&("0&">&(P6$(!0+'&("0!"B'&!"0&"L$()E'$!"0+"R'!($7"-+7+ $!7"!>'&(& )!. !(>&;)+("P6&"!)F"!"0F;!0!"0&"34ST"&'!."'&7!;$+ !0+("U("$ %&()$1!9M&("0!("-$J ;$!("K!)6'!$(2";+.+"!"!6)+'$!".=7)$>7!"&."!')$1+(2"!">!')$;$>!9:+"&.">'+A&)+(";+7!/+'!)$%+("&"+"6(+"'&167!'"0!(")&; +7+1$!("0&"$ ,+'.!9:+"&";+.6 $;!9:+?"G("$0F$!("0&"V +W"(:+"6.!";+ )'$/6$9:+">!'!"!"L$()E'$!"0!"-$J ;$!"&"!"-$J ;$!"0!"Q ,+'.!9:+2"!$ 0!"P6&"!("-$J ;$!(")& C!.">!((!0+">+'"($1 $N;!)$%!(")'! (,+'.!9M&(2";+."!("!>'+I$.!9M&("&>$()J.$;!("0!"$ )&'0$(;$>7$ !'$0!0&?
O!7!%'!(X;C!%&Y" Z6!(" -67)6'!([" -$J ;$!(" &" L6.! $0!0&([" -$J ;$!" 0!" Q ,+'.!9:+[" -+.6 $;!9:+"-$& )<N;!["L$()E'$!["L$()E'$!"0!"-$J ;$!?
1 Introdução
O abismo entre as Ciências e as Humanidades pode ser conciliado por meio de um conhecimento profundo da poesia da Ciência e do caráter 0&"'&%&7!9:+"0!"%&'0!0&"0!"\=($;!2"0!"]$)&'!)6'!"&"0!"G')&"̂ _&$)C"̀ !'02"2006 apud HANSON, 2009).
Duas Culturas"F")&'.+";6 C!0+">+'"-C!'7&("V +W">!'!"(6!">!7&()'!" !"# $%&'($)*"+,"-!./'$01&2
publicada no mesmo ano de 1959, cuja tradução brasileira data de 1995. A tônica de sua apresentação
foram as diferenças entre as áreas das Ciências Naturais e das Humanidades."D."/'&%&(">!7!%'!(2"
V +W";+ 0& !%!"+("7$)&'!)+(">&7!",!7)!"0&",!.$7$!'$0!0&";+."!"V&16 0!"]&$"0!"a&'.+0$ b.$;!"X"+"
62 *" O&(P6$(!" +'$1$ !0!" 0!" )&(&" 0&" 0+6)+'!0+"História e Historiadores de Brasil Colonial, uso de livros raros digitalizados na
!"#$%&'()!* %+$,-.&'* +* '* /0!1#()!*1!* &!$2+&%"+$,!3* 455678995, defendida em junho 2011 no IBICT, Rio de Janeiro. Alguns >!'B1'!,+(";+ ()!.2"!P6$2" !"< )&1'!2";+."!("0&%$0!(";$)!9M&(?
GT1 241
&P6$%!7& )&";$& )<N;+"!";+ C&;&'"!"+/'!"0&"VC!c&(>&!'&"X2"7!.& )! 0+"+"!/$(.+"& )'&"+("$ )&7&;)6!$("
e os cientistas, assim como !"d$.!1&."0$()+';$0!e"P6&"6."1'6>+")$ C!"0+"+6)'+?"Z&(0&"& ):+2".6$)!("
(:+"!("0$()$ 9M&(">+((<%&$("& )'&"!("-$J ;$!(2"&./+'!";!0!"%&8".!$("(&"!>'+I$.&.2"0&(0&"+"N !7"0+"
(F;67+"ff?
A imagem de água e álcool, )'!8$0!">+'"\&!0+W(2"'&H&)&"!("0$(;$>7$ !(";!'!;)&'$8!0!(";+.+"
hard e soft2"!">'$.&$'!"($1 $N;! 0+";+ C&;$.& )+"P6! )$)!)$%+"&"'$1+'+(+2"!"(&16 0!";+ C&;$.& )+"
H&I<%&72"0$%$(:+"1&'!7.& )&"& ;+ )'!0!" +"!./$& )&"!;!0J.$;+2" +"P6!7" !("-$J ;$!("K!)6'!$(" &"!"
a&; +7+1$!"&()!'$!."& P6!0'!0!(";+.+"hard e as Humanidades como soft (e as Ciências Socias entre
uma e outra). De fato, para o autor, todas as áreas apresentam aspectos hard e soft, de acordo como
(:+")'!)!0!(?"dG">&(P6$(!2"&."1&'!72" :+"(&"& P6!0'!")+)!7.& )&" 6."+6" +6)'+";!(+e"^\DGZ@`V2"
1999, p. 60).
G(")'! (,+'.!9M&("0!("-$J ;$!(2"&."1&'!72" $ )& ($N;!0!(" +("=7)$.+("! +(2",+'!."!/+'0!0!("
>&7+">& (!0+'">+')616J("R+!%& )6'!"0&"V+6(!"V! )+(" ^gTTg2"!>60"O$ C&$'+2"gTTSh2" !"(6!"%&'(:+"
!.>7$!0!"0!"d@'!9:+"0!"(!>$J ;$!e2">'+,&'$0!" !"# $%&'($0!0&"0&"-+$./'!2"CB".!$("0&"gT"! +(?"D()&"
!6)+'";+ ($0&'!"d :+"(E">'+,6 0!";+.+"$''&%&'(<%&7e"!"'&%+769:+";$& )<N;!"$ $;$!0!";+."D$ ()&$ "&"!"
.&;b $;!"P6b )$;!2"&"!";'$(&"%$%$0!" !";$J ;$!2"!(($.";+.+"!(".60! 9!("0&">!'!0$1.!(2" 6.!"d +%!"
+'0&.";$& )<N;!e"&.&'1& )&" i???je2".!';!0!">&7!(" d;+ 0$9M&(" )&E'$;!("&" !(" ;+ 0$9M&(" (+;$+7E1$;!("
[...]” .
G("Z6!(" ^+6".=7)$>7!(h"-67)6'!(2" ;!6(!(" &" ;+ (&P6J ;$!("0&" (6!"&I$()J ;$!" (:+"! !7$(!0!("
+">'&(& )&" )&I)+2" ;6A!" !/+'0!1&."C$()E'$;!">'&)& 0&" 7! 9!'"6."+7C!'" (+/'&" !(" ;+ H6J ;$!(" & )'&"
!(" -$J ;$!(" &2" ($.67)! &!.& )&2" !(" (6!(" &(>&;$N;$0!0&(" +6" ($ 167!'$0!0&(2" !7F." 0&" &I!.$ !'2"
$76()'!)$%!.& )&2""6.!">&(P6$(!"&."-$J ;$!"0!"Q ,+'.!9:+"P6&")'!068"&((&(">!0'M&(""'&%&7!0+'&("0&"
;+.6 $;!9:+"&"$ ,+'.!9:+""&"(6!""&%+769:+"0!"B'&&!"0&"L$()E'$!?
2 As Múltiplas Culturas
G"&I>'&((:+"Duas Culturas sugere distância entre conhecimentos, como domínios paralelos,
(!/&'&(" (&." $ )&'(&9:+?" D )'&)! )+2" >+0&" C!%&'" k" ;+.+" >&(P6$(!(" .!$(" '&;& )&(" 0&.+ ()'!."
;$& )$N;!.& )&"k".!$(">+ )+("&.";+.6."& )'&"!("-$J ;$!("0+"P6&"(61&'$6"!" +((!"%:"N7+(+N!"!)F"+"
(F;67+"ff?"G !7+1$!("&"!(($.&)'$!("&():+">'&(& )&(" !(">&(P6$(!("(+/'&"+")&.!?
Z& )'&"!("0$%&'1J ;$!("& )'&"!("Duas Culturas2"\&!0+W("!>+ )!"!"P6&"(&">!((!" !("L6.! $0!0&("
&"-$J ;$!("V+;$!$(2" !("P6!$("F")J 6&"+"7$.$)&"& )'&"P6&."0&(;'&%&"6."0&)&'.$ !0+"!;+ )&;$.& )+"
&"+">'E>'$+"!;+ )&;$.& )+2"!+";+ )'B'$+"0+"P6&"+;+''&" !("-$J ;$!("K!)6'!$(?"K&()!("-$J ;$!(2"0!"
.&(.!",+'.!2"P6! 0+"CB".60! 9!"0&">!'!0$1.!2"+(";+ ;&$)+("&";+ )&=0+("$ ,+'.!;$+ !$("! )$1+("
:+"(:+".!$("&.>'&1!0+([" !("L6.! $0!0&(2")! )+"+(">!'!0$1.!("! )$1+("P6! )+"+(" +%+(";+&I$()&."
(MEADOWS, 1999).
G" !7)&'$0!0&" &I$()& )&" & )'&" Duas Culturas" )!./F." F" !>+ )!0!" >+'" !6)+'&(" ;$)!0+(" >+'"
GT1 242
a$..+ ("^gTTlh2";+.+"+"'$).+">+'".&$+"0+"P6!7";!0!";67)6'!"&%+76$"^!("-$J ;$!("iK!)6'!$(j".!$("
'!>$0!.& )&h?"D((&"!6)+'".& ;$+ !"!("$0F$!("0&"Z!%$0"R!'!(C2">'+,&((+'"0&"O($;+7+1$!"0!"# $%&'($)*"
+," !̀(C$ 1)+ 2"!+"!N'.!'"P6&"
i???j"+">'+1'&((+" !("L6.! $0!0&(" :+"!.&!9!"!"-$J ;$!2".!("P6! )+".!$("!"-$J ;$!"!%! 9!2".!$("+("C6.! $()!(">!'&;&."&()!'"&."'$(;+[" !".&0$0!"&."P6&"!"-$J ;$!"!%! 9!2"!"(!/&0+'$!"'&P6&'$0!">!'!" 7$0!'";+."(&6(" '&(67)!0+("(&" )+' !"(&.>'&".!$(";'<)$;!">!'!"+" +((+",6)6'+"(BARASH, 2005 apud TIMMONS, 2007, p. 21).
G"%&')$;!7$8!9:+"0+";+ C&;$.& )+" +"@;$0& )&2"+/(&'%!0!">'$ ;$>!7.& )&"!">!')$'"0+"(F;67+"
XVIII, ocasionou certa “cisão” entre as Ciências (e entre estas e as Humanidades), aprofundada
!+"7+ 1+"0+(")&.>+("&"$ ()$)6;$+ !7$8!0!" !("6 $%&'($0!0&(2"&."&(>&;$!7"!>E("+"(F;67+"fQf2";+."!"
(&>!'!9:+"0!("0$(;$>7$ !("!;!0J.$;!(?"G(>&;)+("0&((!";$(:+")!./F."!>!'&;&."!">!')$'"0!"%$(:+"0&"
Snow, por meio 0!(">!7!%'!("0+"0+;6.& )!'$()!"0&";$ &.!"V!77&("^gT3T2">?"igjhY
G(" ;!'!;)&'<()$;!(" 0&" ;!0!" 1'6>+" (&'$!." /&." >&;67$!'&(?" D P6! )+" !')$()!(" )& 0&'$!." !+">&(($.$(.+2";$& )$()!("(&'$!."+)$.$()!(?"G+("!')$()!(2"$ )&'&((!'$!"'&H&)$'"(+/'&"!">'&;!'$&0!0&"0!";+ 0$9:+"C6.! !"&" (+/'&"+"0'!.!"0+" $ 0$%<06+" +".6 0+?"@" $ )&'&((&"0+(";$& )$()!(2">+'" (6!" %&82" (&'$!" 0&;$,'!'" +(" (&1'&0+(" 0+".6 0+" !)6'!7" &2" (&" >+((<%&72" ,!8&'" !(" ;+$(!(",6 ;$+ !'&.?"-+.+",'&P6& )&.& )&"+/)$ C!."(6;&((+2" :+"%$!." & C6."0&(>'+>E($)+" !"noção de progresso.
-+.>!'!9M&(2"($.$7!'$0!0&("&"0$,&'& 9!("& )'&"!("-$J ;$!("(:+2" !"'&!7$0!0&2"!((6 )+("! )&'$+'&("
!"V +W"&")&.!("0&"0&/!)&" +("D()!0+("# $0+(?"aC+.!("m&,,&'(+ 2"+")&';&$'+">'&($0& )&"!"1+%&' !'"
os norte-americanos, de 1801 a 1809, trabalhou para construir um modelo de educação superior
P6&" ;+ )&.>7!((&" A6'$()!(2" $ )&'&((&(" 0!" !1'$;67)6'!2".! 6,!)6'!(2" ;+.F';$+" &" >60&((&2" !+".&(.+"
)&.>+2"!.>7$!'"C+'$8+ )&(2";67)$%!'"+(";+()6.&("&"d& ($ !'"\!)&.B)$;!"&"n<($;!2"!("P6!$(";+ )'$/6&."
>!'!"+"!%! 9+"0!("G')&("&",+'.!'"+("CB/$)+("0&"'&H&I:+"ioje"^aQ\\@KV2"gTTl2">?"4h?"G+"0$%$0$'"
!"# $%&'($)*"+,"p$'1$ $!"&."0&8"1'6>+(2";!0!"6."0$'$1$0+">+'"6.">'+,&((+'2"0&" 7< 16!("! )$1!("U("
-$J ;$!(2")+' +6"!"&06;!9:+".!$(">'B)$;!"k"&".!$("0&>!')!.& )!7$8!0!?
D."q!7&"-+77&1&2"&."3SgS2"&()60! )&("P6&()$+ !'$!."+"($()&.!"&06;!;$+ !72"!"N."0&"!)& 0&'"
U(" &;&(($0!0&("0&"6.!" !9:+"&."%$!("0&".&';! )$7$8!9:+2";+.+"!"0!P6&7&">!<("& ):+?"Z$(;$>7$ !("
%+7)!0!(">!'!"!"&I>7+'!9:+"0+(" '&;6'(+("0+("D()!0+("# $0+("&"!"0$.$ 6$9:+"0+"&()60+"0&" 7< 16!("
.+')!("AB"+;6>!%!."!">!6)!"0&"0$(;6((:+">+'F.2" !(">!7!%'!("0&"n'&0&'$;c"r60+7>C2"&."34ll"^!>60"
aQ\\@KV2"gTTlh2"(&'$!"+"& ($ +"0&"7$)&'!)6'!"! )$1!">!'!"A+%& ("&()60! )&("+"P6&"+("$./6$'$!"0+("
>'$ ;<>$+(" 0!" 7$/&'0!0&2" >!)'$+)$(.+2" +/'&8!" &" 1& &'+($0!0&?" G(($.2" >!'!" +(" '&(>+ (B%&$(" >&7+"
'&7!)E'$+"0&"q!7&"-+77&1&2"6.";6''<;67+"= $;+"&'!"+"!>'+>'$!0+">!'!""!"!0&P6!0!"&06;!9:+"0+("!76 +(?
Embora a palestra de Snow sobre as Duas Culturas" :+"!>'&(& )&"/$/7$+1'!N!2"+"!6)+'";$)!"P6&2"
GT1 243
! )&("0&".&!0+("0+"(F;67+"fQf2"(&",!8$!" &;&((B'$+"+")'&$ !.& )+"&."-$J ;$!("^>'$ ;$>!7.& )&"!("
G>7$;!0!(h">!'!"!">'+069:+"0&"'$P6&8!?"a$..+ ("̂ gTTl2">?"3sh"'&7!)!"P6&"V +W2"&((& ;$!7.& )&2",!7+6"
(+/'&"!(".&(.!("0$N;670!0&("'&>+')!0!(" +"'&7!)E'$+"0&"q!7&"0&"3SgS2"d.!("P6&"+";+ H$)+"& )'&"!("
Duas Culturas2"P6&"V +W"):+"0&(&(>&'!0!.& )&"!7&1+6"P6&"0&%&'$!"!;!/!'2">!'&;$!" :+"&I$()$'"&."
3SgSe?"Q16!7.& )&2";+ ,+'.&" +(")'!8"a$..+ (2"0+$("! +("! )&("0!">!7&()'!"0&"V +W",+$">6/7$;!0+"
;+.& )B'$+"0+"& ):+">'&($0& )&"0!"L!'%!'0"# $%&'($)*2"m!.&("R'*! )"-+ ! )2"!>!'& )&.& )&"'&>&)$0+"
por Snow, sobre a pouca preocupação com a inclusão da Ciência na educação inglesa e a falta de
$.>+')b ;$!"0!"&7$)&"7$)&'B'$!";+."'&7!9:+"!+"& )& 0$.& )+"0!"-$J ;$!"̂ !" :+"(&'"P6&",+((&"6.";$& )$()!"
ou um engenheiro).
-+ ! )"(!7$& )+6"P6&" :+"&'!";+.6.">!'!"6.";$& )$()!">!')$;$>!'"0&"6.!"0$(;6((:+"7$)&'B'$!2".!("P6&"&'!" $.>+((<%&72"!" :+"(&'">!'!"6.";$& )$()!2">!')$;$>!'"0&"6.!"'&6 $:+";$& )<N;!?"G7F." 0$((+2" -+ ! )" '&1$()'+6" P6&" !" >'$ ;$>!7" 0$,&'& 9!" & )'&" !(" duas culturas (embora :+")& C!"6)$7$8!0+"&((&")&'.+h"F"P6&"+".F'$)+"'&7!)$%+"0!(">&9!("0&"VC!c&(>&!'&")&."($0+"0&/!)$0+"&";+ )$ 6!'B"!"(JX7+" +",6)6'+2"& P6! )+" $ 16F."!0.$'!"+6";+ 0& !"+(".&)!$("+6"+"comportamento dos sais (TIMMONS, 2007, p. 19).
G">+7!'$8!9:+"& )'&"+(".6 0+("d(+,)e"&"dC!'0e2"+"%B;6+"& )'&"!("Duas Culturas, os mais
0$%&'(+(" (& )$.& )+(" & )'&" !6)+'&(" P6&" &()60!." +" !((6 )+?" K!" >!7&()'!" +'$1$ !7" 0&" V +W2" C+6%&"
J ,!(&".!$+'" !"%!7+'$8!9:+" !("-$J ;$!(2"&."&(>&;$!7"!"-$J ;$!"G>7$;!0!2";+.+",+'.!"0&"0$.$ 6$'"
+"(+,'$.& )+"0!(">+>67!9M&("0+(">!<(&(">+/'&(?"V +W")!./F.">!'&;&6"0&(;+ ($0&'!'"!"r&%+769:+"
-$& )<N;!"0+"(F;67+"fpQQ";+.+"&)!>!"($1 $N;!)$%!"0+">'+;&((+"0&"0&(& %+7%$.& )+"0!("-$J ;$!("
^P6&2".!$(")!'0&2" +.&!'B"0&"d>'$.&$'!"+ 0!"0!"'&%+769:+";$& )<N;!ehY
K+("0+$(">!<(&("iQ 17!)&''!"&"D()!0+("# $0+(j2"&" !"%&'0!0&"&.")+0+"+"@;$0& )&2"!">'$.&$'!"+ 0!"0!"r&%+769:+"Q 06()'$!7"'&/& )+6"(&."P6&" $ 16F.">&';&/&((&"+"P6&"&()!%!"!;+ )&;& 0+?"-7!'+"P6&"&7!"&'!"k"+6">&7+".& +("&()!%!"0&()$ !0!"!"(&'2"(+/"+(" +((+(">'E>'$+("+7C+("&"&."nosso próprio tempo – de longe a maior transformação na sociedade desde a descoberta da !1'$;67)6'!?"Z&",!)+2"&((!("06!("'&%+769M&(2"!"!1'<;+7!"&"!";$& )<N;+X$ 06()'$!72"(:+"!("= $;!(".60! 9!("P6!7$)!)$%!(" !"%$0!"(+;$!7"0+"C+.&."^VK@ 2̀"34452">?"t3Xtgh?
K:+"+/()! )&"+"& )& 0$.& )+"P6&")&.+("0+";+ )&I)+"0&"V +W2";'&.+("P6&",+'!."A6()!.& )&"+(";&."
! +("P6&"! )&;&0&'!."!"r&%+769:+"Q 06()'$!7"+"P6&">&'.$)$6"P6&"&()!"+;+''&((&2"1'!9!("!+";+ C&;$.& )+"AB"
$ ()$)6;$+ !7$8!0+2"P6&">'+>+';$+ +6"+"!%! 9+"0&"-$J ;$!"+'1! $8!0!"&"0!("&(>&;$!7$8!9M&(".! $,&()!0!("0&"
%B'$!(".! &$'!(" +">'+;&((+">'+06)$%+"&;+ u.$;+"&"(+;$!7"$ 17J("0+"(F;67+"fpQQQ?"G"r&%+769:+"-$& )<N;!"
0+"(F;67+"fpQQ",+$2"&((& ;$!7.& )&2"!"!7!%! ;!"P6&"$.>67($+ +6"!"(+;$&0!0&"!+"Q76.$ $(.+2"U"r!8:+?"G"
d'&%+769:+e"0&"V +W"&()B"($)6!0!" +"(F;67+"ff2"P6! 0+"0+"6(+"0&">!')<;67!("!)u.$;!(" !"$ 0=()'$!2"0!"
sociedade industrial da eletrônica, da energia atômica, da automação.
n!8" (& )$0+2" >!'!" E(2" !" +/(&'%!9:+" 0&" D 17! 0" ^gTT4h" (+/'&" !" >!7&()'!" Two Cultures, de
V +W2"'&>'&(& )! 0+".!$("6.";+ H$)+"& )'&"$0&+7+1$!("0+"P6&">'+>'$!.& )&"& )'&"0$(;$>7$ !(?"V6!"
GT1 244
>'&+;6>!9:+";+."!("0$(>!'$0!0&("(+;$!("& )'&">!<(&("F2")!7%&82"+">! +"0&",6 0+"0&"(&6("0+$(")&I)+("&"
o leitmotif"P6&"+",!8";'&'" !" &;&(($0!0&">'&.& )&"0&"& ;6')!'"!("/'&;C!("& )'&"+("'$;+("&"+(">+/'&(?
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sentimentais” e o fato de ser “pretensiosamente ignorante” (LEAVIS, 1962). A contundência foi
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campo” (LEAVIS, 1962, p. 39).
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precisaria ter total controle de sua condição de ser humano.
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'&H&)$!"1'! 0&">'&+;6>!9:+";+."+"($()&.!"&06;!;$+ !7"$ 17J(?"O!'!"V +W (1995, p. 45), ele próprio
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única esperança do pobre”.
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GT1 245
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inerentes apenas à sociedade humana”.
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sempre marcaram a História da Ciência.
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Leonardo da Vinci.
Dicotomicamente, as mesmas Ciências - como sistemas estabelecidos com suas próprias regras
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consideradas autênticas na assimilação do conhecimento (DARNTON, 2001 apud CRIPPA, 2010, p.
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GT1 246
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necessidades biológicas” (HANSON, 2009, p. 8). A eugenia não se referia à Darwin, naturalmente,
mas a Francis Galton, naturalista e meio-primo do primeiro.
Guerreiros de pele mais clara – Maori, alguns indígenas norte-americanos – poderiam ser respeitados a ponto de negociar tratados. Quanto mais escura a pele, mais perto de serem (&7%!1& (" +(" >+%+(" &()!'$!.?" D./!$I+" !" 7$()!2" !;$.!" !>& !(" 0+(" ! $.!$(2" &()!%!." +("hotentotes e os aborígenes australianos (HAECKEL apud BARTA, [s.d.], p. 46).
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canais de transmissão de conhecimento (England, 2009), apesar de (ainda?) não serem considerados
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subárea de Positive Psychology, criada há menos de 10 anos63.
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John Keats e William Wordsworth.
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autor, Bacon desconsiderou a contemplação desinteressada como fator de criação, de contribuição
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GT1 247
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um “caminho discreto para a Verdade” (HANSON, 2009, p. 2-3). Esse fato acarretou um crescente
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as Artes/Humanidades unem.
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em suas habilidades de moldar os pensamentos de sua geração (HANSON, 2009). Sobre esse assunto,
preferimos pensar em um mundo com .=7)$>7!(";67)6'!(";$& )<N;!("&.";+ ()! )&"$ )&'7$1!9:+2"&."
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perceba todos os pontos de interseção entre as Ciências.
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GT1 249
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ambas ricas fontes de progresso intelectual.
GT1 252
The Two Cultures as Represented Today in the Sciences and in Information Science
Abstract: Refers to the differences between the Sciences and the Humanities as described in Charles Snow’s famous lecture on The Two Cultures2" >'&(& )&0" !)" )C&"# $%&'($)*" +,"-!./'$01&" $ " 3454?"n+'"V +W2")C&"$ 06()'$!7$8!)$+ "W!(")C&"+ 7*">!)C")+"!0%! ;&.& )"/*">++'";+6 )'$&(?"aC!)"!'16.& )"was not altogether new. In the Unites States, there had been occasions when the importance of the V;$& ;&(",+'")C&"0&%&7+>.& )"+,")C!)";+6 )'*"C!0"/&& "0&/!)&02"! 0")C&"'&7&%! ;&"+,")C&"L6.! $)$&(2"!("W&772"!(")C&"/!($("+,",+'.$ 1">'+06;)$%&")C$ c$ 1"C!/$)(?"Z&(>$)&")C&".!'c&0"0$,,&'& ;&("/&)W&& ")C&"%!'$+6("0$(;$>7$ &("+,")C&"V;$& ;&("! 0"/&)W&& ")C+(&"! 0")C&"L6.! $)$&(2")C&'&"!'&"($.$7!'$)$&("in the methods of the Two Cultures?" Q "L$()+'*2" ,+'" $ ()! ;&2" (;C+7!'7*" ;+..6 $;!)$+ " >'!;)$;&("!>>'+I$.!)&")C+(&"$ ")C&"V;$& ;&(?"r&;& )"'&(&!';C"$ "Q ,+'.!)$+ "V;$& ;&"$ "R'!8$72"7++c$ 1"!)")C&";6''& )">'!;)$;&("+,"C$()+'$! ("+,"-+7+ $!7"R'!8$72"(C+W"($.$7!'$)$&(")+">'!;)$;&(")C!)"6 )$7")C&"34ST("W&'&"&(>&;$!77*";C!'!;)&'$()$;"+,")C&"K!)6'!7"V;$& ;&2"(6;C"!(".67)$>7&"!6)C+'(C$>"+,"!')$;7&(2">!')$;$>!)$+ "$ ";+77!/+'!)$%&">'+A&;)(2"! 0")C&"C&!%*"6(&"+,")&;C +7+1$&("+,"$ ,+'.!)$+ "! 0";+..6 $;!)$+ "aC&'&"$("&%$0& ;&" )C!)" +W!0!*(" )C&"1!>"/&)W&& " )C&"V;$& ;&("! 0" )C&"L6.! $)$&("C!("/&;+.&"(.!77&'?"V +W�("$0&!("!'&"!";+ )'$/6)$+ ")+")C&"L$()+'*"+,"V;$& ;&("! 0")+"Q ,+'.!)$+ "V;$& ;&2"&%& ")C+61C")C&" V;$& ;&(" C!%&" (6,,&'&0".!A+'" )'! (,+'.!)$+ (" 06&" )+" )C&" &>$()&.$;" !>>'+I$.!)$+ (" >'+>&'" +,"$ )&'0$(;$>7$ !'$)*?
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