Aula 1- Identificação e natureza química do Material Genético 2013 - 2

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  • 7/22/2019 Aula 1- Identificao e natureza qumica do Material Gentico 2013 - 2

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    Identificao

    e natureza qumica do material

    gentico

    Profa. Dra. Ana Carolina Silva Siquieroli

    2013

    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERLNDIACURSO DE AGRONOMIA - MONTE CARMELO

    DISCIPLINA DE GENTICA NA AGROPECURIA

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    G

    enticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dra

    .AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

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    Gregor Mendel (1865)

    Monge Austraco experimentos em cruzamentos entre linhagens quehaviam herdado variaes em ervilhas

    Deduziu a existncia de distintos fatores que levavam a informaosobre o desenvolvimento dos genitores para a prole

    Tornou-se aparente que a informao que especifica o desenvolvimentodos organismos estava contida nos cromossomos do ncleo celular

    G

    enticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dra

    .AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

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    Gene

    Como os genes afetam praticamente toda a estrutura e funo de umorganismo, ser capaz de identificar e determinar o papel dos genes de

    grande importncia

    MUTAES

    G

    enticanaAgropecuria

    Profa.Dra

    .AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

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    cidos Nuclicos

    DNA RNA

    Estutura e funes

    distintas

    Protena

    GenticanaAgropecuria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Funes do DNA: armazenar e transmitir informaesGenticanaAgropecuria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    DNA Material Gentico?

    Sculo XX

    1928Frederick Griffith: primeiro passo na identificao do DNA como

    material gentico

    Streptococus pn eumon iae

    2 cepas:

    Virulenta - lisa (capa depolissacardeo) -S

    No-virulenta - rugosa - RGenticanaAgropecuria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Experimento de Griffith (1928)

    GenticanaAgropecuria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Concluso: Existncia de um Princpio Transformante

    Qual seria o componente qumico?GenticanaAgropecuria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Experimento de Avery e col. (1944)

    Lipdeosdestrudos

    RNAdestrudo

    Protenadestruda

    DNAdestrudo

    Extrato de linhagem S -virulenta

    Polissacardeosdestrudos

    Concluso: o agente transformante e a molcula que carrega a informaco hereditria o DNAGenticanaAgropecuria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Experimento de Hershey e Chase(1952) - Fagos T2

    Fagos T2 vrus que infecta bactrias

    Marcaes com radioistopos35S - protenas32P - DNA

    GenticanaAgropecuria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Vrus marcados com

    enxofre radioativo

    Vrus marcados com

    fsforo radioativoDNAprotena

    Marcao no interior dabactria

    Marcao est fora dabactria

    Concluso: o DNA o material hereditrioGenticanaAgropecuria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Watson e Crick

    1953Modelo de estrutura do DNA

    baseados em difrao de Raios Xde cristais da molcula .

    Dupla Hlice

    Estrutura do DNA

    GenticanaAgropecuria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    A britnica Rosalind Franklin obtem imagens

    de DNA de excelente qualidade, por difraode raios X.

    O DNA longo e fino

    A molcula helicoidal

    Duas partes similares que soparalelas uma outra.

    GenticanaAgropecuria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/KR/B/B/H/K/_/krbbhk.jpg
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    GenticanaAgropecuria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

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    Prmio Nobel de Fisiologia e Medicina de 1962, junto com os inglesMaurice Wilkins.

    Francis Crick James Watson

    Prmio Nobel - 1962

    GenticanaAgropecuria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://srv.fotopages.com/2/1866807.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c8/FirstSketchOfDNADoubleHelix.jpghttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cnl.salk.edu/Personnel/ldap_image.php%3FPerson%3Dfcrick&imgrefurl=http://cnl.salk.edu/Personnel/Former/&usg=__UW_ZFp0-sw6R0JR5IXQ6HV0kb8o=&h=400&w=300&sz=32&hl=pt-BR&start=41&um=1&tbnid=rAHr7TAg0Bqm1M:&tbnh=124&tbnw=93&prev=/images%3Fq%3DFrancis%2BCrick%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26sa%3DN%26start%3D40%26um%3D1http://www.genome.gov/Images/press_photos/highres/57-300.jpghttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Trs molculas constituem o DNA

    AcarGrupofosfato

    Basenitrogenada

    Grupo Fosfato

    Bases nitrogenadas:adeninaguaninacitosinatimina

    Acar:desoxirribose

    Nucleotdeo

    GenticanaAgropecuria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Acar - pentosedesoxirribose

    Ateno

    Desoxirribose

    1

    2

    4

    3

    5

    GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Adenina (A)

    Citosina (C)

    Guanina (G)

    Timina (T)

    Bases Nitrogenadas

    Pirimidinas

    Purinas

    GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dr

    a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Desoxirribonucleotdeos

    Desoxicitidina 5monofosfato (dCMP)Desoxiguanosina 5monofosfato (dGMP)

    Desoxitimidina 5monofosfato (dTMP)Desoxiadenosina 5monofosfato (dAMP)

    Adenina Timina

    Guanina Citosina

    GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dr

    a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Analisando DNAs de organismosdiferentes

    Pirimidinas Purinas=

    Erwin Chargaff

    T + C A + GGenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dr

    a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Dupla Hlice

    Pontes de H

    Ligaofosfodister

    GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dr

    a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Ligaes fosfodister (nucleotdicas)

    5

    3

    GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dr

    a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Propriedades do material gentico

    1 Permitir sua replicao fiel

    2- Possuir um contedo informacional

    (sequncia de nucleotdeos)

    3- Ser capaz de mudar (sofrer mutaes)

    A estrutura de dupla-hlice preenche todos estes requisitosGenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dr

    a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    RNA

    Cadeia unifilamentar denucleotdeos

    RNA informacionaisRNA mensageiro:intermedirio na sntese protica

    RNA funcionais so ativos como RNAs eno so traduzidos em protenas

    RNA

    transportador

    RNA ribossmico

    RNA pequeno

    nuclerar - snRNA

    Ribozimas RNAs que funcionam comoprotenas enzimticas

    GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dr

    a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Trs molculas constituem o RNA

    AcarGrupofosfato

    Basenitrogenada

    Grupo Fosfato

    Bases nitrogenadas:adeninaguaninacitosinauracila

    Acar: ribose

    Nucleotdeo

    GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dr

    a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    DNA RNA

    AtenoOH

    desoxirribose ribose

    GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dr

    a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Ribonucleotdeos

    Adenosina 5monofosfato(AMP)

    Uridina 5monofosfato (UMP)

    Guanosina 5monofosfato(GMP)

    Citidina 5monofosfato (CMP)GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dr

    a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Gene

    1940 - George Beadle e Edward Tatum - incio da biologia molecular

    Gene um segmento do material gentico (DNA) que determina oucodifica uma enzima

    Um gene uma protena

    Biologia Moderna?GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dr

    a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Genoma

    Genoma: conjunto de cromossomos de uma determinada espcie

    Genoma Humano

    25.000 genes codificantes deprotenas

    Dispersos em trs bilhes debases de DNA (A, T, C, G)

    Contidos em cada conjunto de23 cromossomos

    De certo modo ns contemos a ns mesmos, embrulhados dentro de ns mesmos,

    repetidos trilhes de vezes.

    Hermann J. Muller, 1947GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dr

    a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Cromossomos

    Os genes so partes deestuturas celulares especficas

    e maioresos cromossomos

    Cada cromossomo contmuma nica e longa molcula de

    DNA densamente dobrada

    GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dr

    a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    - Haplide 1 conjunto de cromossomoscaracterstico da espcie (n)

    Humanos 2n = 46

    Abelha sem ferro (Melipona) 2n =16

    Peixe (carpa) 2n = 104

    Nmero de Cromossomos

    -Diplide 2 conjuntos de cromossomos (2n)

    Tamanho dos Cromossomos

    - Diferem consideravelmente entre si, dentrode um mesmo genoma

    GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dr

    a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    -Regio do cromossomo na qual se ligam asfibras do fuso mittico

    Centrmero

    -Utilizado para distinguir os cromossomos

    Matacntrico centrmero

    no meio

    Acrocntrico centrmerodeslocado do centro

    Telocntrico centrmero

    em uma ponta

    Estrutura dos Cromossomos

    GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dr

    a.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Telmero

    Cromatina

    Sequncia repetitiva - TTAGGG (telomerase)

    So as extremidades dos cromossomos

    o material que constitui um cromossomo

    Eucromatina regies poucocoradas pouco condensadas -genes ativos

    Heterocromatina regiesdensamente coradas muitocondensadas

    GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaS

    iquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    nucleossoma

    solenide

    Empacotamento do DNA: viso geral

    Quanto de DNA existe em um conjuntocromossmico ou genoma?

    Clula humana 1 metro de

    DNA em 23 cromossomos

    Eficienteempacotamento

    2 metros de DNA em 46cromossomos em uma

    nica clulaGenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaSiquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Cromatina: mistura de DNA + protenas

    Empacotamento do DNA

    Nucleossomo : contas de um colar

    DNA

    Histonas: H2A, H2B, H3 e H4octmero

    GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaSiquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Empacotamento do DNA

    Solenide : espaguete in vivo

    Maior helicoidizao

    Histonas H1

    GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaSiquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Empacotamento do DNA

    2 metros de DNA em 46cromossomos em uma

    nica clula

    GenticanaAgropecu

    ria

    Profa.Dra.AnaCarolinaSilvaSiquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1
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    Obrigada!!!!GenticanaAgropecuria

    Profa.D

    ra.AnaCarolinaSilva

    Siquieroli/2013

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://familyhistory101.com/images/main/dna_500.jpg&imgrefurl=http://familyhistory101.com/dna.html&usg=__5j93qzcjoCkY0u_0cs_JhCG3qKM=&h=325&w=500&sz=29&hl=pt-BR&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CRLQYP7d9d_TcM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:pt-br:IE-SearchBox%26um%3D1