Aula 2 - Coagulação

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  • ESCOLA POLITCNICA DA USPDEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA HIDRULICA E SANITRIAPHD 2411 SANEAMENTO I

    COAGULAOProf. Dr. Roque Passos PiveliProf. Dr. Sidney Seckler Ferreira Filho

  • COAGULAOIntroduoDefinio de um sistema coloidalColides liofbicos e lioflicosColides hidrofbicos e hidroflicosEstabilidade de um sistema coloidal

  • COAGULAODefinio do processo de coagulao em guas de abastecimentoForas intermoleculares de Van der WaalsTeoria da Dupla Camada

  • COAGULAOComportamento qumico em meio aquoso dos coagulantes mais utilizados no processo de tratamento de guaSais de alumnio (Sulfato de alumnio)Sais de Ferro (Cloreto frrico e sulfato frrico)

  • COAGULAOMecanismos de desestabilizao de partculas coloidaisCompresso da Dupla CamadaAdsoro neutralizaoVarreduraPonte interparticularExerccio Dimensionamento de Calhas Parshall

  • Tratamento Convencional de guas de AbastecimentoManancialCoagulaoFloculaoSedimentaoFiltraoDesinfecoFluoretaoCorreo de pHgua final Agente oxidanteCAPCoagulanteAlcalinizanteAgente oxidantePolmeroPolmeroAgente oxidanteAgente oxidanteFlor

    Alcalinizante

  • COAGULAO

  • COAGULAO

  • DISTRIBUIO DE TAMANHO DE PARTCULAS EM GUAS NATURAIS

  • ESPECTRO DE DIMETROS DE PARTCULAS

  • DISTRIBUIO DE TAMANHO DE PARTCULAS EM GUAS NATURAIS

  • COAGULAO SISTEMAS COLOIDAIS

    Grf2

    10000.0001143558

    100000.000246372

    1000000.0005307924

    10000000.0011435576

    30000000.0016492955

    50000000.0019554561

    80000000.0022871153

    100000000.0024637202

    300000000.0035532995

    500000000.0042129024

    800000000.0049274405

    1000000000.0053079244

    3000000000.0076553516

    5000000000.009076423

    8000000000.0106158487

    10000000000.0114355764

    100000000000.0246372025

    1000000000000.0530792436

    10000000000000.1143557638

    100000000000000.2463720246

    1000000000000000.5307924364

    10000000000000001.1435576382

    100000000000000002.4637202459

    1000000000000000005.3079243643

    100000000000000000011.4355763825

    1000000000000000000024.6372024589

    10000000000000000000053.0792436427

    Concentrao de partculas=10,0 mg/lMassa Especfica=2.750 Kg/m3

    Nmero de partculas (por litro)

    rea Superficial Total (m2/l)

    Dimetro das partculas (um)

    Nmero de partculas (#/L)

    rea superficial (m2/l)

    Sistemas coloidais

    Clculo da rea de um Sistema Coloidal

    Cp (mg/l)=10

    Massa Esp. (Kg/m3)=2,750

    Nmero de partculas (por litro)Dimetro das partculas (um)rea Superficial Total (m2/l)

    1.00E+031.91E+020.0001143558

    1.00E+048.86E+010.000246372

    1.00E+054.11E+010.0005307924

    1.00E+061.91E+010.0011435576

    3.00E+061.32E+010.0016492955

    5.00E+061.12E+010.0019554561

    8.00E+069.54E+000.0022871153

    1.00E+078.86E+000.0024637202

    3.00E+076.14E+000.0035532995

    5.00E+075.18E+000.0042129024

    8.00E+074.43E+000.0049274405

    1.00E+084.11E+000.0053079244

    3.00E+082.85E+000.0076553516

    5.00E+082.40E+000.009076423

    8.00E+082.06E+000.0106158487

    1.00E+091.91E+000.0114355764

    1.00E+108.86E-010.0246372025

    1.00E+114.11E-010.0530792436

    1.00E+121.91E-010.1143557638

    1.00E+138.86E-020.2463720246

    1.00E+144.11E-020.5307924364

    1.00E+151.91E-021.1435576382

    1.00E+168.86E-032.4637202459

    1.00E+174.11E-035.3079243643

    1.00E+181.91E-0311.4355763825

    1.00E+198.86E-0424.6372024589

    1.00E+204.11E-0453.0792436427

    Dimetro das partculas (um)Nmero de partculas (por litro)rea Superficial Total (m2/l)

    190.792148016810000.0001143558

    88.5578703776100000.000246372

    41.10492222731000000.0005307924

    19.079214801710000000.0011435576

    13.228788688530000000.0016492955

    11.157592502350000000.0019554561

    9.539607400880000000.0022871153

    8.8557870378100000000.0024637202

    6.1402597859300000000.0035532995

    5.1788956768500000000.0042129024

    4.4278935189800000000.0049274405

    4.11049222271000000000.0053079244

    2.85005612583000000000.0076553516

    2.40383043445000000000.009076423

    2.05524611148000000000.0106158487

    1.907921480210000000000.0114355764

    0.8855787038100000000000.0246372025

    0.41104922231000000000000.0530792436

    0.19079214810000000000000.1143557638

    0.0885578704100000000000000.2463720246

    0.04110492221000000000000000.5307924364

    0.019079214810000000000000001.1435576382

    0.008855787100000000000000002.4637202459

    0.00411049221000000000000000005.3079243643

    0.0019079215100000000000000000011.4355763825

    0.00088557871000000000000000000024.6372024589

    0.000411049210000000000000000000053.0792436427

    &A

    Page &P

    Sistemas coloidais

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    &A

    Page &P

    Concentrao de partculas=10,0 mg/lMassa Especfica=2.750 Kg/m3

    Dimetro das partculas (um)

    rea Superficial Total (m2/l)

    Nmero de partculas

    Dimetro das partculas (um)

    rea Superficial Total (m2/l)

    Sistema Coloidal

    Aluminio e ferro

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    Concentrao de partculas=10,0 mg/lMassa Especfica=2.750 Kg/m3

    Nmero de partculas (por litro)

    rea Superficial Total (m2/l)

    Dimetro das partculas (um)

    Nmero de partculas (#/L)

    rea superficial (m2/l)

    Potencial Zeta

    SOLUBILIDADE DOS COMPOSTOS ALUMNIO E FERRO

    As concentraes esto calculadas em log

    pHFe+3FeOH+2FeOH2+1FeOH4-1Fe2OH2+4Fe TotalAl+3AlOH+2Al7OH17+4Al13OH34+5ALOH4-1Al2OH2+4AL Total

    3-5-4.16-5.74-16-6.85-4.08998795790-22.24.6-9.7-0.35.7162001117

    3.1-5.3-4.36-5.84-15.9-7.25-4.2991114996-0.3-2.21.84.1-9.6-0.75.2167828157

    3.2-5.6-4.56-5.94-15.8-7.65-4.5051902617-0.6-2.41.43.6-9.5-1.14.7175154513

    3.3-5.9-4.76-6.04-15.7-8.05-4.7084808697-0.9-2.613.1-9.4-1.54.2184362942

    3.4-6.2-4.96-6.14-15.6-8.45-4.9091330377-1.2-2.80.62.6-9.3-1.93.7195932181

    3.5-6.5-5.16-6.24-15.5-8.85-5.1071931548-1.5-30.22.1-9.2-2.33.2210460051

    3.6-6.8-5.36-6.34-15.4-9.25-5.3026084363-1.8-3.2-0.21.6-9.1-2.72.7228691568

    3.7-7.1-5.56-6.44-15.3-9.65-5.4952319172-2.1-3.4-0.61.1-9-3.12.225155288

    3.8-7.4-5.76-6.54-15.2-10.05-5.6848291253-2.4-3.6-10.6-8.9-3.51.7280191806

    3.9-7.7-5.96-6.64-15.1-10.45-5.8710877177-2.7-3.8-1.40.1-8.8-3.91.2316025621

    4-8-6.16-6.74-15-10.85-6.053631601-3-4-1.8-0.4-8.7-4.30.7360796545

    4.1-8.3-6.36-6.84-14.9-11.25-6.2320409277-3.3-4.2-2.2-0.9-8.6-4.70.2416634989

    4.2-8.6-6.56-6.94-14.8-11.65-6.405878722-3.6-4.4-2.6-1.4-8.5-5.1-0.2513869756

    4.3-8.9-6.76-7.04-14.7-12.05-6.5747236341-3.9-4.6-3-1.9-8.4-5.5-0.742759195

    4.4-9.2-6.96-7.14-14.6-12.45-6.7382065807-4.2-4.8-3.4-2.4-8.3-5.9-1.2320785088

    4.5-9.5-7.16-7.24-14.5-12.85-6.8960471937-4.5-5-3.8-2.9-8.2-6.3-1.7188988735

    4.6-9.8-7.36-7.34-14.4-13.25-7.0480847393-4.8-5.2-4.2-3.4-8.1-6.7-2.2026918574

    4.7-10.1-7.56-7.44-14.3-13.65-7.1942981819-5.1-5.4-4.6-3.9-8-7.1-2.6828318686

    4.8-10.4-7.76-7.54-14.2-14.05-7.3348116632-5.4-5.6-5-4.4-7.9-7.5-3.1585728783

    4.9-10.7-7.96-7.64-14.1-14.45-7.4698845278-5.7-5.8-5.4-4.9-7.8-7.9-3.6290066109

    5-11-8.16-7.74-14-14.85-7.5998882061-6-6-5.8-5.4-7.7-8.3-4.0929806873

    5.1-11.3-8.36-7.84-13.9-15.25-7.7252746674-6.3-6.2-6.2-5.9-7.6-8.7-4.5489268352

    5.2-11.6-8.56-7.94-13.8-15.65-7.8465420712-6.6-6.4-6.6-6.4-7.5-9.1-4.9944717021

    5.3-11.9-8.76-8.04-13.7-16.05-7.9642026369-6.9-6.6-7-6.9-7.4-9.5-5.4254909942

    5.4-12.2-8.96-8.14-13.6-16.45-8.0787561612-7.2-6.8-7.4-7.4-7.3-9.9-5.8337839559

    5.5-12.5-9.16-8.24-13.5-16.85-8.1906707432-7.5-7-7.8-7.9-7.2-10.3-6.2021019815

    5.6-12.8-9.36-8.34-13.4-17.25-8.3003707127-7.8-7.2-8.2-8.4-7.1-10.7-6.4983464546

    5.7-13.1-9.56-8.44-13.3-17.65-8.4082307404-8.1-7.4-8.6-8.9-7-11.1-6.6843697004

    5.8-13.4-9.76-8.54-13.2-18.05-8.5145746625-8.4-7.6-9-9.4-6.9-11.5-6.7515995319

    5.9-13.7-9.96-8.64-13.1-18.45-8.6196775102-8.7-7.8-9.4-9.9-6.8-11.9-6.7334379881

    6-14-10.16-8.74-13-18.85-8.7237694316-9-8-9.8-10.4-6.7-12.3-6.6701160407

    6.1-14.3-10.36-8.84-12.9-19.25-8.8270404813-9.3-8.2-10.2-10.9-6.6-12.7-6.5863045364

    6.2-14.6-10.56-8.94-12.8-19.65-8.9296455244-9.6-8.4-10.6-11.4-6.5-13.1-6.4935775592

    6.3-14.9-10.76-9.04-12.7-20.05-9.0317087284-9.9-8.6-11-11.9-6.4-13.5-6.3969299525

    6.4-15.2-10.96-9.14-12.6-20.45-9.1333272484-10.2-8.8-11.4-12.4-6.3-13.9-6.2985113683

    6.5-15.5-11.16-9.24-12.5-20.85-9.2345737709-10.5-9-11.8-12.9-6.2-14.3-6.1992708571

    6.6-15.8-11.36-9.34-12.4-21.25-9.3354975347-10.8-9.2-12.2-13.4-6.1-14.7-6.0996403616

    6.7-16.1-11.56-9.44-12.3-21.65-9.4361233053-11.1-9.4-12.6-13.9-6-15.1-5.9998217648

    6.8-16.4-11.76-9.54-12.2-22.05-9.5364474936-11.4-9.6-13-14.4-5.9-15.5-5.899911378

    6.9-16.7-11.96-9.64-12.1-22.45-9.6364301512-11.7-9.8-13.4-14.9-5.8-15.9-5.799955836

    7-17-12.16-9.74-12-22.85-9.7359808637-12-10-13.8-15.4-5.7-16.3-5.6999779568

    7.1-17.3-12.36-9.84-11.9-23.25-9.8349355342-12.3-10.2-14.2-15.9-5.6-16.7-5.5999889857

    7.2-17.6-12.56-9.94-11.8-23.65-9.9330196566-12.6-10.4-14.6-16.4-5.5-17.1-5.4999944922

    7.3-17.9-12.76-10.04-11.7-24.05-10.0297920477-12.9-10.6-15-16.9-5.4-17.5-5.3999972442

    7.4-18.2-12.96-10.14-11.6-24.45-10.1245617538-13.2-10.8-15.4-17.4-5.3-17.9-5.2999986206

    7.5-18.5-13.16-10.24-11.5-24.85-10.2162717825-13.5-11-15.8-17.9-5.2-18.3-5.1999993093

    7.6-18.8-13.36-10.34-11.4-25.25-10.3033506058-13.8-11.2-16.2-18.4-5.1-18.7-5.0999996541

    7.7-19.1-13.56-10.44-11.3-25.65-10.3835536832-14.1-11.4-16.6-18.9-5-19.1-4.9999998267

    7.8-19.4-13.76-10.54-11.2-26.05-10.4538613871-14.4-11.6-17-19.4-4.9-19.5-4.8999999132

    7.9-19.7-13.96-10.64-11.1-26.45-10.5105629352-14.7-11.8-17.4-19.9-4.8-19.9-4.7999999565

    8-20-14.16-10.74-11-26.85-10.5496904195-15-12-17.8-20.4-4.7-20.3-4.6999999782

    8.1-20.3-14.36-10.84-10.9-27.25-10.5678645695-15.3-12.2-18.2-20.9-4.6-20.7-4.5999999891

    8.2-20.6-14.56-10.94-10.8-27.65-10.5633091654-15.6-12.4-18.6-21.4-4.5-21.1-4.4999999945

    8.3-20.9-14.76-11.04-10.7-28.05-10.5364882031-15.9-12.6-19-21.9-4.4-21.5-4.3999999973

    8.4-21.2-14.96-11.14-10.6-28.45-10.4899335081-16.2-12.8-19.4-22.4-4.3-21.9-4.2999999986

    8.5-21.5-15.16-11.24-10.5-28.85-10.4273854763-16.5-13-19.8-22.9-4.2-22.3-4.1999999993

    8.6-21.8-15.36-11.34-10.4-29.25-10.3527927839-16.8-13.2-20.2-23.4-4.1-22.7-4.0999999997

    8.7-22.1-15.56-11.44-10.3-29.65-10.2696233144-17.1-13.4-20.6-23.9-4-23.1-3.9999999998

    8.8-22.4-15.76-11.54-10.2-30.05-10.1805880855-17.4-13.6-21-24.4-3.9-23.5-3.8999999999

    8.9-22.7-15.96-11.64-10.1-30.45-10.0876514436-17.7-13.8-21.4-24.9-3.8-23.9-3.8

    9-23-16.16-11.74-10-30.85-9.9921678881-18-14-21.8-25.4-3.7-24.3-3.7

    9.1-23.3-16.36-11.84-9.9-31.25-9.8950418916-18.3-14.2-22.2-25.9-3.6-24.7-3.6

    9.2-23.6-16.56-11.94-9.8-31.65-9.796865081-18.6-14.4-22.6-26.4-3.5-25.1-3.5

    9.3-23.9-16.76-12.04-9.7-32.05-9.6980193766-18.9-14.6-23-26.9-3.4-25.5-3.4

    9.4-24.2-16.96-12.14-9.6-32.45-9.5987492648-19.2-14.8-23.4-27.4-3.3-25.9-3.3

    9.5-24.5-17.16-12.24-9.5-32.85-9.4992104226-19.5-15-23.8-27.9-3.2-26.3-3.2

    9.6-24.8-17.36-12.34-9.4-33.25-9.3995016445-19.8-15.2-24.2-28.4-3.1-26.7-3.1

    9.7-25.1-17.56-12.44-9.3-33.65-9.299685493-20.1-15.4-24.6-28.9-3-27.1-3

    9.8-25.4-17.76-12.54-9.2-34.05-9.1998015333-20.4-15.6-25-29.4-2.9-27.5-2.9

    9.9-25.7-17.96-12.64-9.1-34.45-9.0998747656-20.7-15.8-25.4-29.9-2.8-27.9-2.8

    10-26-18.16-12.74-9-34.85-8.9999209783-21-16-25.8-30.4-2.7-28.3-2.7

    10.1-26.3-18.36-12.84-8.9-35.25-8.899950139-21.3-16.2-26.2-30.9-2.6-28.7-2.6

    10.2-26.6-18.56-12.94-8.8-35.65-8.7999685392-21.6-16.4-26.6-31.4-2.5-29.1-2.5

    10.3-26.9-18.76-13.04-8.7-36.05-8.6999801493-21.9-16.6-27-31.9-2.4-29.5-2.4

    10.4-27.2-18.96-13.14-8.6-36.45-8.599987475-22.2-16.8-27.4-32.4-2.3-29.9-2.3

    10.5-27.5-19.16-13.24-8.5-36.85-8.4999920972-22.5-17-27.8-32.9-2.2-30.3-2.2

    10.6-27.8-19.36-13.34-8.4-37.25-8.3999950137-22.8-17.2-28.2-33.4-2.1-30.7-2.1

    10.7-28.1-19.56-13.44-8.3-37.65-8.2999968538-23.1-17.4-28.6-33.9-2-31.1-2

    10.8-28.4-19.76-13.54-8.2-38.05-8.1999980149-23.4-17.6-29-34.4-1.9-31.5-1.9

    10.9-28.7-19.96-13.64-8.1-38.45-8.0999987475-23.7-17.8-29.4-34.9-1.8-31.9-1.8

    11-29-20.16-13.74-8-38.85-7.9999992097-24-18-29.8-35.4-1.7-32.3-1.7

    11.1-29.3-20.36-13.84-7.9-39.25-7.8999995014-24.3-18.2-30.2-35.9-1.6-32.7-1.6

    11.2-29.6-20.56-13.94-7.8-39.65-7.7999996854-24.6-18.4-30.6-36.4-1.5-33.1-1.5

    11.3-29.9-20.76-14.04-7.7-40.05-7.6999998015-24.9-18.6-31-36.9-1.4-33.5-1.4

    11.4-30.2-20.96-14.14-7.6-40.45-7.5999998747-25.2-18.8-31.4-37.4-1.3-33.9-1.3

    11.5-30.5-21.16-14.24-7.5-40.85-7.499999921-25.5-19-31.8-37.9-1.2-34.3-1.2

    11.6-30.8-21.36-14.34-7.4-41.25-7.3999999501-25.8-19.2-32.2-38.4-1.1-34.7-1.1

    11.7-31.1-21.56-14.44-7.3-41.65-7.2999999685-26.1-19.4-32.6-38.9-1-35.1-1

    11.8-31.4-21.76-14.54-7.2-42.05-7.1999999801-26.4-19.6-33-39.4-0.9-35.5-0.9

    11.9-31.7-21.96-14.64-7.1-42.45-7.0999999875-26.7-19.8-33.4-39.9-0.8-35.9-0.8

    12-32-22.16-14.74-7-42.85-6.9999999921-27-20-33.8-40.4-0.7-36.3-0.7

    12.1-32.3-22.36-14.84-6.9-43.25-6.899999995-27.3-20.2-34.2-40.9-0.6-36.7-0.6

    12.2-32.6-22.56-14.94-6.8-43.65-6.7999999969-27.6-20.4-34.6-41.4-0.5-37.1-0.5

    12.3-32.9-22.76-15.04-6.7-44.05-6.699999998-27.9-20.6-35-41.9-0.4-37.5-0.4

    12.4-33.2-22.96-15.14-6.6-44.45-6.5999999987-28.2-20.8-35.4-42.4-0.3-37.9-0.3

    12.5-33.5-23.16-15.24-6.5-44.85-6.4999999992-28.5-21-35.8-42.9-0.2-38.3-0.2

    12.6-33.8-23.36-15.34-6.4-45.25-6.3999999995-28.8-21.2-36.2-43.4-0.1-38.7-0.1

    12.7-34.1-23.56-15.44-6.3-45.65-6.2999999997-29.1-21.4-36.6-43.9-0-39.1-0

    12.8-34.4-23.76-15.54-6.2-46.05-6.1999999998-29.4-21.6-37-44.40.1-39.50.1

    12.9-34.7-23.96-15.64-6.1-46.45-6.0999999999-29.7-21.8-37.4-44.90.2-39.90.2

    13-35-24.16-15.74-6-46.85-5.9999999999-30-22-37.8-45.40.3-40.30.3

    pHAl+3AlOH+2Al7OH17+4Al13OH34+5ALOH4-1Al2OH2+4AL Total

    30-22.24.6-9.7-0.35.7162001117

    3.1-0.3-2.21.84.1-9.6-0.75.2167828157

    3.2-0.6-2.41.43.6-9.5-1.14.7175154513

    3.3-0.9-2.613.1-9.4-1.54.2184362942

    3.4-1.2-2.80.62.6-9.3-1.93.7195932181

    3.5-1.5-30.22.1-9.2-2.33.2210460051

    3.6-1.8-3.2-0.21.6-9.1-2.72.7228691568

    3.7-2.1-3.4-0.61.1-9-3.12.225155288

    3.8-2.4-3.6-10.6-8.9-3.51.7280191806

    3.9-2.7-3.8-1.40.1-8.8-3.91.2316025621

    4-3-4-1.8-0.4-8.7-4.30.7360796545

    4.1-3.3-4.2-2.2-0.9-8.6-4.70.2416634989

    4.2-3.6-4.4-2.6-1.4-8.5-5.1-0.2513869756

    4.3-3.9-4.6-3-1.9-8.4-5.5-0.742759195

    4.4-4.2-4.8-3.4-2.4-8.3-5.9-1.2320785088

    4.5-4.5-5-3.8-2.9-8.2-6.3-1.7188988735

    4.6-4.8-5.2-4.2-3.4-8.1-6.7-2.2026918574

    4.7-5.1-5.4-4.6-3.9-8-7.1-2.6828318686

    4.8-5.4-5.6-5-4.4-7.9-7.5-3.1585728783

    4.9-5.7-5.8-5.4-4.9-7.8-7.9-3.6290066109

    5-6-6-5.8-5.4-7.7-8.3-4.0929806873

    5.1-6.3-6.2-6.2-5.9-7.6-8.7-4.5489268352

    5.2-6.6-6.4-6.6-6.4-7.5-9.1-4.9944717021

    5.3-6.9-6.6-7-6.9-7.4-9.5-5.4254909942

    5.4-7.2-6.8-7.4-7.4-7.3-9.9-5.8337839559

    5.5-7.5-7-7.8-7.9-7.2-10.3-6.2021019815

    5.6-7.8-7.2-8.2-8.4-7.1-10.7-6.4983464546

    5.7-8.1-7.4-8.6-8.9-7-11.1-6.6843697004

    5.8-8.4-7.6-9-9.4-6.9-11.5-6.7515995319

    5.9-8.7-7.8-9.4-9.9-6.8-11.9-6.7334379881

    6-9-8-9.8-10.4-6.7-12.3-6.6701160407

    6.1-9.3-8.2-10.2-10.9-6.6-12.7-6.5863045364

    6.2-9.6-8.4-10.6-11.4-6.5-13.1-6.4935775592

    6.3-9.9-8.6-11-11.9-6.4-13.5-6.3969299525

    6.4-10.2-8.8-11.4-12.4-6.3-13.9-6.2985113683

    6.5-10.5-9-11.8-12.9-6.2-14.3-6.1992708571

    6.6-10.8-9.2-12.2-13.4-6.1-14.7-6.0996403616

    6.7-11.1-9.4-12.6-13.9-6-15.1-5.9998217648

    6.8-11.4-9.6-13-14.4-5.9-15.5-5.899911378

    6.9-11.7-9.8-13.4-14.9-5.8-15.9-5.799955836

    7-12-10-13.8-15.4-5.7-16.3-5.6999779568

    7.1-12.3-10.2-14.2-15.9-5.6-16.7-5.5999889857

    7.2-12.6-10.4-14.6-16.4-5.5-17.1-5.4999944922

    7.3-12.9-10.6-15-16.9-5.4-17.5-5.3999972442

    7.4-13.2-10.8-15.4-17.4-5.3-17.9-5.2999986206

    7.5-13.5-11-15.8-17.9-5.2-18.3-5.1999993093

    7.6-13.8-11.2-16.2-18.4-5.1-18.7-5.0999996541

    7.7-14.1-11.4-16.6-18.9-5-19.1-4.9999998267

    7.8-14.4-11.6-17-19.4-4.9-19.5-4.8999999132

    7.9-14.7-11.8-17.4-19.9-4.8-19.9-4.7999999565

    8-15-12-17.8-20.4-4.7-20.3-4.6999999782

    8.1-15.3-12.2-18.2-20.9-4.6-20.7-4.5999999891

    8.2-15.6-12.4-18.6-21.4-4.5-21.1-4.4999999945

    8.3-15.9-12.6-19-21.9-4.4-21.5-4.3999999973

    8.4-16.2-12.8-19.4-22.4-4.3-21.9-4.2999999986

    8.5-16.5-13-19.8-22.9-4.2-22.3-4.1999999993

    8.6-16.8-13.2-20.2-23.4-4.1-22.7-4.0999999997

    8.7-17.1-13.4-20.6-23.9-4-23.1-3.9999999998

    8.8-17.4-13.6-21-24.4-3.9-23.5-3.8999999999

    8.9-17.7-13.8-21.4-24.9-3.8-23.9-3.8

    9-18-14-21.8-25.4-3.7-24.3-3.7

    9.1-18.3-14.2-22.2-25.9-3.6-24.7-3.6

    9.2-18.6-14.4-22.6-26.4-3.5-25.1-3.5

    9.3-18.9-14.6-23-26.9-3.4-25.5-3.4

    9.4-19.2-14.8-23.4-27.4-3.3-25.9-3.3

    9.5-19.5-15-23.8-27.9-3.2-26.3-3.2

    9.6-19.8-15.2-24.2-28.4-3.1-26.7-3.1

    9.7-20.1-15.4-24.6-28.9-3-27.1-3

    9.8-20.4-15.6-25-29.4-2.9-27.5-2.9

    9.9-20.7-15.8-25.4-29.9-2.8-27.9-2.8

    10-21-16-25.8-30.4-2.7-28.3-2.7

    10.1-21.3-16.2-26.2-30.9-2.6-28.7-2.6

    10.2-21.6-16.4-26.6-31.4-2.5-29.1-2.5

    10.3-21.9-16.6-27-31.9-2.4-29.5-2.4

    10.4-22.2-16.8-27.4-32.4-2.3-29.9-2.3

    10.5-22.5-17-27.8-32.9-2.2-30.3-2.2

    10.6-22.8-17.2-28.2-33.4-2.1-30.7-2.1

    10.7-23.1-17.4-28.6-33.9-2-31.1-2

    10.8-23.4-17.6-29-34.4-1.9-31.5-1.9

    10.9-23.7-17.8-29.4-34.9-1.8-31.9-1.8

    11-24-18-29.8-35.4-1.7-32.3-1.7

    11.1-24.3-18.2-30.2-35.9-1.6-32.7-1.6

    11.2-24.6-18.4-30.6-36.4-1.5-33.1-1.5

    11.3-24.9-18.6-31-36.9-1.4-33.5-1.4

    11.4-25.2-18.8-31.4-37.4-1.3-33.9-1.3

    11.5-25.5-19-31.8-37.9-1.2-34.3-1.2

    11.6-25.8-19.2-32.2-38.4-1.1-34.7-1.1

    11.7-26.1-19.4-32.6-38.9-1-35.1-1

    11.8-26.4-19.6-33-39.4-0.9-35.5-0.9

    11.9-26.7-19.8-33.4-39.9-0.8-35.9-0.8

    12-27-20-33.8-40.4-0.7-36.3-0.7

    12.1-27.3-20.2-34.2-40.9-0.6-36.7-0.6

    12.2-27.6-20.4-34.6-41.4-0.5-37.1-0.5

    12.3-27.9-20.6-35-41.9-0.4-37.5-0.4

    12.4-28.2-20.8-35.4-42.4-0.3-37.9-0.3

    12.5-28.5-21-35.8-42.9-0.2-38.3-0.2

    12.6-28.8-21.2-36.2-43.4-0.1-38.7-0.1

    12.7-29.1-21.4-36.6-43.9-0-39.1-0

    12.8-29.4-21.6-37-44.40.1-39.50.1

    12.9-29.7-21.8-37.4-44.90.2-39.90.2

    13-30-22-37.8-45.40.3-40.30.3

    pHFe TotalAl Total

    3-4.08998795795.7162001117

    3.1-4.29911149965.2167828157

    3.2-4.50519026174.7175154513

    3.3-4.70848086974.2184362942

    3.4-4.90913303773.7195932181

    3.5-5.10719315483.2210460051

    3.6-5.30260843632.7228691568

    3.7-5.49523191722.225155288

    3.8-5.68482912531.7280191806

    3.9-5.87108771771.2316025621

    4-6.0536316010.7360796545

    4.1-6.23204092770.2416634989

    4.2-6.405878722-0.2513869756

    4.3-6.5747236341-0.742759195

    4.4-6.7382065807-1.2320785088

    4.5-6.8960471937-1.7188988735

    4.6-7.0480847393-2.2026918574

    4.7-7.1942981819-2.6828318686

    4.8-7.3348116632-3.1585728783

    4.9-7.4698845278-3.6290066109

    5-7.5998882061-4.0929806873

    5.1-7.7252746674-4.5489268352

    5.2-7.8465420712-4.9944717021

    5.3-7.9642026369-5.4254909942

    5.4-8.0787561612-5.8337839559

    5.5-8.1906707432-6.2021019815

    5.6-8.3003707127-6.4983464546

    5.7-8.4082307404-6.6843697004

    5.8-8.5145746625-6.7515995319

    5.9-8.6196775102-6.7334379881

    6-8.7237694316-6.6701160407

    6.1-8.8270404813-6.5863045364

    6.2-8.9296455244-6.4935775592

    6.3-9.0317087284-6.3969299525

    6.4-9.1333272484-6.2985113683

    6.5-9.2345737709-6.1992708571

    6.6-9.3354975347-6.0996403616

    6.7-9.4361233053-5.9998217648

    6.8-9.5364474936-5.899911378

    6.9-9.6364301512-5.799955836

    7-9.7359808637-5.6999779568

    7.1-9.8349355342-5.5999889857

    7.2-9.9330196566-5.4999944922

    7.3-10.0297920477-5.3999972442

    7.4-10.1245617538-5.2999986206

    7.5-10.2162717825-5.1999993093

    7.6-10.3033506058-5.0999996541

    7.7-10.3835536832-4.9999998267

    7.8-10.4538613871-4.8999999132

    7.9-10.5105629352-4.7999999565

    8-10.5496904195-4.6999999782

    8.1-10.5678645695-4.5999999891

    8.2-10.5633091654-4.4999999945

    8.3-10.5364882031-4.3999999973

    8.4-10.4899335081-4.2999999986

    8.5-10.4273854763-4.1999999993

    8.6-10.3527927839-4.0999999997

    8.7-10.2696233144-3.9999999998

    8.8-10.1805880855-3.8999999999

    8.9-10.0876514436-3.8

    9-9.9921678881-3.7

    9.1-9.8950418916-3.6

    9.2-9.796865081-3.5

    9.3-9.6980193766-3.4

    9.4-9.5987492648-3.3

    9.5-9.4992104226-3.2

    9.6-9.3995016445-3.1

    9.7-9.299685493-3

    9.8-9.1998015333-2.9

    9.9-9.0998747656-2.8

    10-8.9999209783-2.7

    10.1-8.899950139-2.6

    10.2-8.7999685392-2.5

    10.3-8.6999801493-2.4

    10.4-8.599987475-2.3

    10.5-8.4999920972-2.2

    10.6-8.3999950137-2.1

    10.7-8.2999968538-2

    10.8-8.1999980149-1.9

    10.9-8.0999987475-1.8

    11-7.9999992097-1.7

    11.1-7.8999995014-1.6

    11.2-7.7999996854-1.5

    11.3-7.6999998015-1.4

    11.4-7.5999998747-1.3

    11.5-7.499999921-1.2

    11.6-7.3999999501-1.1

    11.7-7.2999999685-1

    11.8-7.1999999801-0.9

    11.9-7.0999999875-0.8

    12-6.9999999921-0.7

    12.1-6.899999995-0.6

    12.2-6.7999999969-0.5

    12.3-6.699999998-0.4

    12.4-6.5999999987-0.3

    12.5-6.4999999992-0.2

    12.6-6.3999999995-0.1

    12.7-6.2999999997-0

    12.8-6.19999999980.1

    12.9-6.09999999990.2

    13-5.99999999990.3

    Titulao de uma amostra com sulfato de alumnio ou cloreto frrico

    pH da amostra=7.4

    Alcalinidade (mg/l como CaCO3)=15

    Alcalinidade (eq/litro)=3.00E-04

    Temperatura da amostra (C)=25

    Temperatura da amostra (K)=298.15

    Calculo das constantes de equilbrio do cido carbnico

    K1=4.456E-07

    K2=4.435E-11

    Kw=9.275E-15

    Clculo dos valores de alfa 1 e alfa 2 iniciais

    Alfa 1=0.9170400504

    Alfa 2=0.001021546

    Clculo da concentrao de carbono inorgnico inicial total

    CTinicial=3.262E-04

    Clculo para o cloreto frrico

    pH[H+]K1K2KWALFA 1ALFA 2Fe+3Fe(OH)+2Fe(OH)2+1Fe(OH)4-1Fe2(OH)2+4Cb-CaC inorg TCt(alfa1+2*alfa2)Cl-Dos FeCl3*6H2OFe AplicadoFe SoluvelVol Lodo (mg/l)

    7.43.981E-080.0000004456000.91704005040.001021546000003.00E-043.262E-042.998E-040.000E+0000.000E+0000

    7.26.310E-080.0000004456000.87541559660.0006152957000.0000000001003.00E-043.262E-042.859E-041.399E-051.26006914134.663E-060.00000000010.4982759679

    71.000E-070.0000004456000.81640455540.0003620554000.0000000002003.00E-043.262E-042.665E-043.349E-053.01667557011.116E-050.00000000021.1929131752

    6.81.585E-070.0000004456000.73746727640.0002063538000.0000000004003.00E-043.262E-042.407E-045.943E-055.35305061051.981E-050.00000000042.1168132415

    6.62.512E-070.0000004456000.63940950920.0001128882000.0000000006003.00E-043.262E-042.086E-049.159E-058.24940400383.053E-050.00000000063.2621469593

    6.43.981E-070.0000004456000.52808879510.000058827000.0000000009003.00E-043.262E-041.723E-041.281E-0411.53723255274.270E-050.00000000094.5622749184

    6.26.310E-070.0000004456000.41387516860.0000290897000.0000000014003.00E-043.262E-041.350E-041.656E-0414.91592082455.520E-050.00000000155.8983108755

    61.000E-060.0000004456000.308219710.000013668800.00000000010.0000000023003.00E-043.262E-041.005E-042.005E-0418.05437720576.682E-050.00000000247.139311111

    5.81.585E-060.0000004456000.21943522220.000006140100.00000000020.0000000036003.00E-043.262E-047.157E-052.300E-0420.71608689397.667E-050.00000000388.1917218793

    5.62.512E-060.0000004456000.15065500860.000002659800.00000000050.0000000057003.00E-043.262E-044.914E-052.534E-0422.82071655628.446E-050.00000000639.0237320257

    5.43.981E-060.0000004456000.1006531730.000001121200.00000000140.0000000091003.00E-043.262E-043.283E-052.712E-0424.42256069999.039E-050.00000001059.6567313932

    5.26.310E-060.0000004456000.06595793130.000000463600.00000000350.0000000144003.00E-043.262E-042.151E-052.848E-0425.65245876619.494E-050.000000017810.1423023297

    51.000E-050.0000004456000.04265492910.000000189200.00000000870.0000000228003.00E-043.262E-041.391E-052.961E-0426.6711583539.871E-050.000000031510.5436871069

    Clculo para o sulfato de alumnio

    pH[H+]K1K2KWALFA 1ALFA 2Al+3Al(OH)+2Al7(OH)17+4Al13(OH)34+5Al(OH)4-1Al2(OH)2+4Cb-CaC inorg TCt(alfa1+2*alfa2)SO4-2Dos Al2(SO4)3*18H2OAl aplicadoAl solvelVol Lodo (mg/l)

    7.43.981E-080.000000445609.28E-150.91704005040.001021546000.000E+000003.00E-043.262E-042.998E-040.000E+0000.000E+000.000E+000

    7.26.310E-080.0000004456000.87541559660.0006152957001.219E-1400.000002933103.00E-043.262E-042.859E-045.529E-061.22760905873.686E-062.933E-060.0586832391

    71.000E-070.0000004456000.81640455540.000362055400.00000000017.691E-1400.000001850703.00E-043.262E-042.665E-041.582E-053.51312722981.055E-051.851E-060.67818402

    6.81.585E-070.0000004456000.73746727640.000206353800.00000000034.853E-1300.000001167703.00E-043.262E-042.407E-042.913E-056.46898434281.942E-051.168E-061.4234676535

    6.62.512E-070.0000004456000.63940950920.000112888200.00000000083.062E-1200.000000736803.00E-043.262E-042.086E-044.543E-0510.08719137853.029E-057.376E-072.3041440649

    6.43.981E-070.0000004456000.52808879510.0000588270.00000000010.0000000021.932E-1100.000000464903.00E-043.262E-041.723E-046.382E-0514.17047461034.255E-054.672E-073.281231861

    6.26.310E-070.0000004456000.41387516860.00002908970.00000000030.0000000051.219E-100.00000000010.000000293303.00E-043.262E-041.350E-048.266E-0518.35512593675.511E-053.004E-074.2739644512

    61.000E-060.0000004456000.308219710.00001366880.00000000130.00000001257.691E-100.00000000070.000000185103.00E-043.262E-041.005E-041.002E-0422.23839836226.677E-052.140E-075.189879126

    5.81.585E-060.0000004456000.21943522220.00000614010.0000000050.00000003154.853E-090.00000000750.000000116803.00E-043.262E-047.157E-051.150E-0425.53784312247.667E-052.845E-075.9568631237

    5.62.512E-060.0000004456000.15065500860.00000265980.00000001990.00000007913.062E-080.00000007480.000000073703.00E-043.262E-044.914E-051.270E-0428.20100603158.467E-051.360E-066.4965388519

    5.43.981E-060.0000004456000.1006531730.00000112120.00000007910.00000019861.932E-070.00000074810.00000004650.00000000023.00E-043.262E-043.283E-051.381E-0430.67034043449.208E-051.140E-056.2915054359

    5.26.310E-060.0000004456000.06595793130.00000046360.00000031480.00000049891.219E-060.00000748140.00000002930.00000000123.00E-043.262E-042.151E-051.645E-0436.52620407981.097E-041.066E-040.2361677928

    51.000E-050.0000004456000.04265492910.00000018920.00000125310.00000125317.691E-060.00007481420.00000001850.00000000793.00E-043.262E-041.391E-053.536E-0478.51579633762.357E-041.029E-03-61.8560245732

    pHFeCl3*6H2O (Alc=100,0)Al2(SO4)3*18H2O (Alc=100,0)FeCl3*6H2O (Alc=15,0)Al2(SO4)3*18H2O (Alc=15,0)

    7.40000

    7.28.32979246599.94231204811.26006914131.2276090587

    720.001634788724.45013821033.01667557013.5131272298

    6.835.540330006643.68022471475.35305061056.4689843428

    6.654.803617503267.47361584288.249404003810.0871913785

    6.476.654772720894.439531249111.537232552714.1704746103

    6.299.0706237949122.090902836714.915920824518.3551259367

    6119.8157372844147.677540484418.054377205722.2383983622

    5.8137.2708794001169.212546083320.716086893925.5378431224

    5.6150.835009332186.001600016922.820716556228.2010060315

    5.4160.7673499652198.739766639424.422560699930.6703404344

    5.2167.7774709961211.720792619525.652458766136.5262040798

    &RA-&P

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    Potencial Zeta

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    #REF!

    #REF!

    #REF!

    #REF!

    #REF!

    #REF!

    pH

    Log C

    Sheet3

    0-22.24.6-9.7-0.35.7162001117

    -0.3-2.21.84.1-9.6-0.75.2167828157

    -0.6-2.41.43.6-9.5-1.14.7175154513

    -0.9-2.613.1-9.4-1.54.2184362942

    -1.2-2.80.62.6-9.3-1.93.7195932181

    -1.5-30.22.1-9.2-2.33.2210460051

    -1.8-3.2-0.21.6-9.1-2.72.7228691568

    -2.1-3.4-0.61.1-9-3.12.225155288

    -2.4-3.6-10.6-8.9-3.51.7280191806

    -2.7-3.8-1.40.1-8.8-3.91.2316025621

    -3-4-1.8-0.4-8.7-4.30.7360796545

    -3.3-4.2-2.2-0.9-8.6-4.70.2416634989

    -3.6-4.4-2.6-1.4-8.5-5.1-0.2513869756

    -3.9-4.6-3-1.9-8.4-5.5-0.742759195

    -4.2-4.8-3.4-2.4-8.3-5.9-1.2320785088

    -4.5-5-3.8-2.9-8.2-6.3-1.7188988735

    -4.8-5.2-4.2-3.4-8.1-6.7-2.2026918574

    -5.1-5.4-4.6-3.9-8-7.1-2.6828318686

    -5.4-5.6-5-4.4-7.9-7.5-3.1585728783

    -5.7-5.8-5.4-4.9-7.8-7.9-3.6290066109

    -6-6-5.8-5.4-7.7-8.3-4.0929806873

    -6.3-6.2-6.2-5.9-7.6-8.7-4.5489268352

    -6.6-6.4-6.6-6.4-7.5-9.1-4.9944717021

    -6.9-6.6-7-6.9-7.4-9.5-5.4254909942

    -7.2-6.8-7.4-7.4-7.3-9.9-5.8337839559

    -7.5-7-7.8-7.9-7.2-10.3-6.2021019815

    -7.8-7.2-8.2-8.4-7.1-10.7-6.4983464546

    -8.1-7.4-8.6-8.9-7-11.1-6.6843697004

    -8.4-7.6-9-9.4-6.9-11.5-6.7515995319

    -8.7-7.8-9.4-9.9-6.8-11.9-6.7334379881

    -9-8-9.8-10.4-6.7-12.3-6.6701160407

    -9.3-8.2-10.2-10.9-6.6-12.7-6.5863045364

    -9.6-8.4-10.6-11.4-6.5-13.1-6.4935775592

    -9.9-8.6-11-11.9-6.4-13.5-6.3969299525

    -10.2-8.8-11.4-12.4-6.3-13.9-6.2985113683

    -10.5-9-11.8-12.9-6.2-14.3-6.1992708571

    -10.8-9.2-12.2-13.4-6.1-14.7-6.0996403616

    -11.1-9.4-12.6-13.9-6-15.1-5.9998217648

    -11.4-9.6-13-14.4-5.9-15.5-5.899911378

    -11.7-9.8-13.4-14.9-5.8-15.9-5.799955836

    -12-10-13.8-15.4-5.7-16.3-5.6999779568

    -12.3-10.2-14.2-15.9-5.6-16.7-5.5999889857

    -12.6-10.4-14.6-16.4-5.5-17.1-5.4999944922

    -12.9-10.6-15-16.9-5.4-17.5-5.3999972442

    -13.2-10.8-15.4-17.4-5.3-17.9-5.2999986206

    -13.5-11-15.8-17.9-5.2-18.3-5.1999993093

    -13.8-11.2-16.2-18.4-5.1-18.7-5.0999996541

    -14.1-11.4-16.6-18.9-5-19.1-4.9999998267

    -14.4-11.6-17-19.4-4.9-19.5-4.8999999132

    -14.7-11.8-17.4-19.9-4.8-19.9-4.7999999565

    -15-12-17.8-20.4-4.7-20.3-4.6999999782

    -15.3-12.2-18.2-20.9-4.6-20.7-4.5999999891

    -15.6-12.4-18.6-21.4-4.5-21.1-4.4999999945

    -15.9-12.6-19-21.9-4.4-21.5-4.3999999973

    -16.2-12.8-19.4-22.4-4.3-21.9-4.2999999986

    -16.5-13-19.8-22.9-4.2-22.3-4.1999999993

    -16.8-13.2-20.2-23.4-4.1-22.7-4.0999999997

    -17.1-13.4-20.6-23.9-4-23.1-3.9999999998

    -17.4-13.6-21-24.4-3.9-23.5-3.8999999999

    -17.7-13.8-21.4-24.9-3.8-23.9-3.8

    -18-14-21.8-25.4-3.7-24.3-3.7

    -18.3-14.2-22.2-25.9-3.6-24.7-3.6

    -18.6-14.4-22.6-26.4-3.5-25.1-3.5

    -18.9-14.6-23-26.9-3.4-25.5-3.4

    -19.2-14.8-23.4-27.4-3.3-25.9-3.3

    -19.5-15-23.8-27.9-3.2-26.3-3.2

    -19.8-15.2-24.2-28.4-3.1-26.7-3.1

    -20.1-15.4-24.6-28.9-3-27.1-3

    -20.4-15.6-25-29.4-2.9-27.5-2.9

    -20.7-15.8-25.4-29.9-2.8-27.9-2.8

    -21-16-25.8-30.4-2.7-28.3-2.7

    -21.3-16.2-26.2-30.9-2.6-28.7-2.6

    -21.6-16.4-26.6-31.4-2.5-29.1-2.5

    -21.9-16.6-27-31.9-2.4-29.5-2.4

    -22.2-16.8-27.4-32.4-2.3-29.9-2.3

    -22.5-17-27.8-32.9-2.2-30.3-2.2

    -22.8-17.2-28.2-33.4-2.1-30.7-2.1

    -23.1-17.4-28.6-33.9-2-31.1-2

    -23.4-17.6-29-34.4-1.9-31.5-1.9

    -23.7-17.8-29.4-34.9-1.8-31.9-1.8

    -24-18-29.8-35.4-1.7-32.3-1.7

    -24.3-18.2-30.2-35.9-1.6-32.7-1.6

    -24.6-18.4-30.6-36.4-1.5-33.1-1.5

    -24.9-18.6-31-36.9-1.4-33.5-1.4

    -25.2-18.8-31.4-37.4-1.3-33.9-1.3

    -25.5-19-31.8-37.9-1.2-34.3-1.2

    -25.8-19.2-32.2-38.4-1.1-34.7-1.1

    -26.1-19.4-32.6-38.9-1-35.1-1

    -26.4-19.6-33-39.4-0.9-35.5-0.9

    -26.7-19.8-33.4-39.9-0.8-35.9-0.8

    -27-20-33.8-40.4-0.7-36.3-0.7

    -27.3-20.2-34.2-40.9-0.6-36.7-0.6

    -27.6-20.4-34.6-41.4-0.5-37.1-0.5

    -27.9-20.6-35-41.9-0.4-37.5-0.4

    -28.2-20.8-35.4-42.4-0.3-37.9-0.3

    -28.5-21-35.8-42.9-0.2-38.3-0.2

    -28.8-21.2-36.2-43.4-0.1-38.7-0.1

    -29.1-21.4-36.6-43.9-0-39.1-0

    -29.4-21.6-37-44.40.1-39.50.1

    -29.7-21.8-37.4-44.90.2-39.90.2

    -30-22-37.8-45.40.3-40.30.3

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    Al+3

    AlOH+2

    Al7OH17+4

    Al13OH34+5

    ALOH4-1

    Al2OH2+4

    AL Total

    pH

    Log C

    Sheet4

    -4.08998795795.7162001117

    -4.29911149965.2167828157

    -4.50519026174.7175154513

    -4.70848086974.2184362942

    -4.90913303773.7195932181

    -5.10719315483.2210460051

    -5.30260843632.7228691568

    -5.49523191722.225155288

    -5.68482912531.7280191806

    -5.87108771771.2316025621

    -6.0536316010.7360796545

    -6.23204092770.2416634989

    -6.405878722-0.2513869756

    -6.5747236341-0.742759195

    -6.7382065807-1.2320785088

    -6.8960471937-1.7188988735

    -7.0480847393-2.2026918574

    -7.1942981819-2.6828318686

    -7.3348116632-3.1585728783

    -7.4698845278-3.6290066109

    -7.5998882061-4.0929806873

    -7.7252746674-4.5489268352

    -7.8465420712-4.9944717021

    -7.9642026369-5.4254909942

    -8.0787561612-5.8337839559

    -8.1906707432-6.2021019815

    -8.3003707127-6.4983464546

    -8.4082307404-6.6843697004

    -8.5145746625-6.7515995319

    -8.6196775102-6.7334379881

    -8.7237694316-6.6701160407

    -8.8270404813-6.5863045364

    -8.9296455244-6.4935775592

    -9.0317087284-6.3969299525

    -9.1333272484-6.2985113683

    -9.2345737709-6.1992708571

    -9.3354975347-6.0996403616

    -9.4361233053-5.9998217648

    -9.5364474936-5.899911378

    -9.6364301512-5.799955836

    -9.7359808637-5.6999779568

    -9.8349355342-5.5999889857

    -9.9330196566-5.4999944922

    -10.0297920477-5.3999972442

    -10.1245617538-5.2999986206

    -10.2162717825-5.1999993093

    -10.3033506058-5.0999996541

    -10.3835536832-4.9999998267

    -10.4538613871-4.8999999132

    -10.5105629352-4.7999999565

    -10.5496904195-4.6999999782

    -10.5678645695-4.5999999891

    -10.5633091654-4.4999999945

    -10.5364882031-4.3999999973

    -10.4899335081-4.2999999986

    -10.4273854763-4.1999999993

    -10.3527927839-4.0999999997

    -10.2696233144-3.9999999998

    -10.1805880855-3.8999999999

    -10.0876514436-3.8

    -9.9921678881-3.7

    -9.8950418916-3.6

    -9.796865081-3.5

    -9.6980193766-3.4

    -9.5987492648-3.3

    -9.4992104226-3.2

    -9.3995016445-3.1

    -9.299685493-3

    -9.1998015333-2.9

    -9.0998747656-2.8

    -8.9999209783-2.7

    -8.899950139-2.6

    -8.7999685392-2.5

    -8.6999801493-2.4

    -8.599987475-2.3

    -8.4999920972-2.2

    -8.3999950137-2.1

    -8.2999968538-2

    -8.1999980149-1.9

    -8.0999987475-1.8

    -7.9999992097-1.7

    -7.8999995014-1.6

    -7.7999996854-1.5

    -7.6999998015-1.4

    -7.5999998747-1.3

    -7.499999921-1.2

    -7.3999999501-1.1

    -7.2999999685-1

    -7.1999999801-0.9

    -7.0999999875-0.8

    -6.9999999921-0.7

    -6.899999995-0.6

    -6.7999999969-0.5

    -6.699999998-0.4

    -6.5999999987-0.3

    -6.4999999992-0.2

    -6.3999999995-0.1

    -6.2999999997-0

    -6.19999999980.1

    -6.09999999990.2

    -5.99999999990.3

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    Fe Total

    Al Total

    pH

    Log (Al ou Fe)

    Diagrama de Solubilidade do Alumnio e do Ferro

    Sheet5

    0000

    8.32979246599.94231204811.26006914131.2276090587

    20.001634788724.45013821033.01667557013.5131272298

    35.540330006643.68022471475.35305061056.4689843428

    54.803617503267.47361584288.249404003810.0871913785

    76.654772720894.439531249111.537232552714.1704746103

    99.0706237949122.090902836714.915920824518.3551259367

    119.8157372844147.677540484418.054377205722.2383983622

    137.2708794001169.212546083320.716086893925.5378431224

    150.835009332186.001600016922.820716556228.2010060315

    160.7673499652198.739766639424.422560699930.6703404344

    167.7774709961211.720792619525.652458766136.5262040798

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    FeCl3*6H2O (Alc=100,0)

    Al2(SO4)3*18H2O (Alc=100,0)

    FeCl3*6H2O (Alc=15,0)

    Al2(SO4)3*18H2O (Alc=15,0)

    pH

    Dosagem de coagulante (mg/l)

    Sheet6

    Variao do Potencial Zeta com o pH

    pHPotencial Zeta (mV)

    36.6

    4-10.2

    4.84-26.1

    6-29

    6.97-30.6

    8-35.2

    9-42

    Dosagem de Ca+2pH=4,0pH=5,0pH=6,0pH=7,0pH=8,0pH=9,0

    0-18.8-22.5-27.2-28.4-30.3-31.8

    10-14.3-19.3-20-22.1-23.8-25.9

    20-10.8-15.6-17-19.6-20.2-22.9

    30-10.8-15.6-17-19.5-19.8-22.8

    60-10.8-15.5-16.9-19.4-20-22.9

    Dosagem de Ca+2pH=4,0pH=5,0pH=6,0pH=7,0pH=8,0pH=9,0

    0-10.2-26.1-29-30.6-35.2-42

    3-5-12.4-25.7-27.5-31.2-38.2

    61.4-2.8-11.9-19.4-31.7-38.1

    912.47.8-4.7-14.9-27.9-33.7

    121917.65.7-11.5-24.4-31

    1520.318.46.8-4.3-16.4-29

    1822.220.811.62-11.3-25.4

    2122.321.2200.4-7.8-21.9

    2522.422.521.13.6-5-19.1

    3022.422.422.33-22.6-35.3

    4022.222.522.22.2-24.3-35.1

    5022.422.322.22.9-22.4-35.1

    6022.222.222.33.4-23.3-33.3

    Variao do Potencial Zeta da gua Decantada com o pH

    pHPotencial Zeta (mV)

    323.2

    416.7

    55

    6-2.2

    7-25.4

    8-35.9

    9-41.3

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    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

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    Potencial Zeta (mV)

    pH

    Potencial Zeta (mV)

    gua Bruta - ETA GuaraVariao do Potencial Zeta com o pH

    Sheet7

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

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    pH=4,0

    pH=5,0

    pH=6,0

    pH=7,0

    pH=8,0

    pH=9,0

    Concentrao de ons Ca+2

    Potencial Zeta (mV)

    Sheet8

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

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    pH=4,0

    pH=5,0

    pH=6,0

    pH=7,0

    pH=8,0

    pH=9,0

    Dosagem de Coagulante (Al2(SO4)3.18H2O)

    Potencial Zeta (mV)

    Sheet9

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

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    Potencial Zeta (mV)

    pH

    Potencial Zeta (mV)

    gua Decantada - ETA GuaraVariao do Potencial Zeta com o pH

    Sheet10

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  • COAGULAODefinio: Operao unitria responsvel pela desestabilizao das partculas coloidais em um sistema aquoso, preparando-as para a sua remoo nas etapas subseqentes do processo de tratamento.

  • COAGULAO Dimetro das partculasFreqncia relativagua bruta gua coagulada

  • SISTEMAS COLOIDAISColides liofbicos: So aqueles que formam um sistema heterogneo com o solvente (Sistema Bifsico). Desta forma, distingue-se uma fase contnua (solvente) e uma fase dispersa (colides). Uma vez que predomina um sistema bifsico, pode-se definir uma rea de interface.

  • SISTEMAS COLOIDAISColides lioflicos: So aqueles que formam um sistema homogneo com o solvente (Sistema Unifsico). Desta forma, distingue-se uma nica fase contnua tendo o solvente e o sistema coloidal como soluto.

  • ESTABILIDADE DE SISTEMAS COLOIDAISQuando a fase contnua a gua, os sistemas coloidais so denominados hidrofbicos e hidroflicos.

  • ESTABILIDADE DE SISTEMAS COLOIDAISSistemas coloidais hidrofbicos: So sistemas instveis, pois as interaes com o solvente so pequenas.

  • ESTABILIDADE DE SISTEMAS COLOIDAISSistemas coloidais hidroflicos: So sistemas estveis, as interaes com o solvente so tais que previnem o sistema contra alteraes em sua estrutura global.

  • CARACTERSTICAS DOS SISTEMAS COLOIDAISMovimento Browniano: Bombardeamento pelas molculas de gua.Efeito Tyndall: Propriedade de dispersar a luz. A quantificao desta propriedade de um sistema coloidal denominada nefelometria.Comportamento Eltrico: Existncia de cargas negativas e positivas na superfcie do colide (Eletroforese).

  • TEORIA DA DUPLA CAMADA

  • TEORIA DA DUPLA CAMADAESTABILIDADE COLOIDAL

  • TEORIA DA DUPLA CAMADAESTABILIDADE COLOIDAL

  • ESTABILIDADE COLOIDAL

  • O PROCESSO DE COAGULAOMecanismos de desestabilizao de partculas coloidaisCompresso da dupla camadaAdsoro-neutralizaoVarreduraPonte interparticular

  • COAGULANTES EMPREGADOS EM ENGENHARIA AMBIENTALSulfato de alumnio (slido ou lquido) Cloreto frrico (lquido) Sulfato frrico (lquido) Cloreto de polialumnio (slido ou lquido) Coagulantes orgnicos catinicos (slido ou lquido)

  • DOSAGENS DE COAGULANTE USUALMENTE EMPREGADOS NO TRATAMENTO DE GUAS DE ABASTECIMENTOSulfato de alumnio (5 mg/l a 100 mg/l)Cloreto frrico (5 mg/l a 70 mg/l)Sulfato frrico (8 mg/l a 80 mg/l)Coagulantes orgnicos catinicos (1 mg/l a 4 mg/l)

  • O PROCESSO DE COAGULAOCompresso da dupla camada

  • O PROCESSO DE COAGULAOPorque a compresso da dupla camada incompleto no que tange explicao do mecanismo de desestabilizao de partculas coloidais ?

    So desprezados os efeitos entre o coagulante e o solvente, bem como da partcula coloidal e o solvente

  • COAGULAO: REAES QUMICASALUMNIO

  • COAGULAO: REAES QUMICASFERRO

  • DIAGRAMA DE SOLUBILIDADE DO FERRO E ALUMNIO EM MEIO AQUOSO

    Grf21

    -4.08998795795.7162001117

    -4.29911149965.2167828157

    -4.50519026174.7175154513

    -4.70848086974.2184362942

    -4.90913303773.7195932181

    -5.10719315483.2210460051

    -5.30260843632.7228691568

    -5.49523191722.225155288

    -5.68482912531.7280191806

    -5.87108771771.2316025621

    -6.0536316010.7360796545

    -6.23204092770.2416634989

    -6.405878722-0.2513869756

    -6.5747236341-0.742759195

    -6.7382065807-1.2320785088

    -6.8960471937-1.7188988735

    -7.0480847393-2.2026918574

    -7.1942981819-2.6828318686

    -7.3348116632-3.1585728783

    -7.4698845278-3.6290066109

    -7.5998882061-4.0929806873

    -7.7252746674-4.5489268352

    -7.8465420712-4.9944717021

    -7.9642026369-5.4254909942

    -8.0787561612-5.8337839559

    -8.1906707432-6.2021019815

    -8.3003707127-6.4983464546

    -8.4082307404-6.6843697004

    -8.5145746625-6.7515995319

    -8.6196775102-6.7334379881

    -8.7237694316-6.6701160407

    -8.8270404813-6.5863045364

    -8.9296455244-6.4935775592

    -9.0317087284-6.3969299525

    -9.1333272484-6.2985113683

    -9.2345737709-6.1992708571

    -9.3354975347-6.0996403616

    -9.4361233053-5.9998217648

    -9.5364474936-5.899911378

    -9.6364301512-5.799955836

    -9.7359808637-5.6999779568

    -9.8349355342-5.5999889857

    -9.9330196566-5.4999944922

    -10.0297920477-5.3999972442

    -10.1245617538-5.2999986206

    -10.2162717825-5.1999993093

    -10.3033506058-5.0999996541

    -10.3835536832-4.9999998267

    -10.4538613871-4.8999999132

    -10.5105629352-4.7999999565

    -10.5496904195-4.6999999782

    -10.5678645695-4.5999999891

    -10.5633091654-4.4999999945

    -10.5364882031-4.3999999973

    -10.4899335081-4.2999999986

    -10.4273854763-4.1999999993

    -10.3527927839-4.0999999997

    -10.2696233144-3.9999999998

    -10.1805880855-3.8999999999

    -10.0876514436-3.8

    -9.9921678881-3.7

    -9.8950418916-3.6

    -9.796865081-3.5

    -9.6980193766-3.4

    -9.5987492648-3.3

    -9.4992104226-3.2

    -9.3995016445-3.1

    -9.299685493-3

    -9.1998015333-2.9

    -9.0998747656-2.8

    -8.9999209783-2.7

    -8.899950139-2.6

    -8.7999685392-2.5

    -8.6999801493-2.4

    -8.599987475-2.3

    -8.4999920972-2.2

    -8.3999950137-2.1

    -8.2999968538-2

    -8.1999980149-1.9

    -8.0999987475-1.8

    -7.9999992097-1.7

    -7.8999995014-1.6

    -7.7999996854-1.5

    -7.6999998015-1.4

    -7.5999998747-1.3

    -7.499999921-1.2

    -7.3999999501-1.1

    -7.2999999685-1

    -7.1999999801-0.9

    -7.0999999875-0.8

    -6.9999999921-0.7

    -6.899999995-0.6

    -6.7999999969-0.5

    -6.699999998-0.4

    -6.5999999987-0.3

    -6.4999999992-0.2

    -6.3999999995-0.1

    -6.2999999997-0

    -6.19999999980.1

    -6.09999999990.2

    -5.99999999990.3

    Fe Total

    Al Total

    pH

    Log (Al ou Fe)

    Sistemas coloidais

    Clculo da rea de um Sistema Coloidal

    Cp (mg/l)=10

    Massa Esp. (Kg/m3)=2,750

    Nmero de partculas (por litro)Dimetro das partculas (um)rea Superficial Total (m2/l)

    1.00E+031.91E+020.0001143558

    1.00E+048.86E+010.000246372

    1.00E+054.11E+010.0005307924

    1.00E+061.91E+010.0011435576

    3.00E+061.32E+010.0016492955

    5.00E+061.12E+010.0019554561

    8.00E+069.54E+000.0022871153

    1.00E+078.86E+000.0024637202

    3.00E+076.14E+000.0035532995

    5.00E+075.18E+000.0042129024

    8.00E+074.43E+000.0049274405

    1.00E+084.11E+000.0053079244

    3.00E+082.85E+000.0076553516

    5.00E+082.40E+000.009076423

    8.00E+082.06E+000.0106158487

    1.00E+091.91E+000.0114355764

    1.00E+108.86E-010.0246372025

    1.00E+114.11E-010.0530792436

    1.00E+121.91E-010.1143557638

    1.00E+138.86E-020.2463720246

    1.00E+144.11E-020.5307924364

    1.00E+151.91E-021.1435576382

    1.00E+168.86E-032.4637202459

    1.00E+174.11E-035.3079243643

    1.00E+181.91E-0311.4355763825

    1.00E+198.86E-0424.6372024589

    1.00E+204.11E-0453.0792436427

    Dimetro das partculas (um)Nmero de partculas (por litro)rea Superficial Total (m2/l)

    190.792148016810000.0001143558

    88.5578703776100000.000246372

    41.10492222731000000.0005307924

    19.079214801710000000.0011435576

    13.228788688530000000.0016492955

    11.157592502350000000.0019554561

    9.539607400880000000.0022871153

    8.8557870378100000000.0024637202

    6.1402597859300000000.0035532995

    5.1788956768500000000.0042129024

    4.4278935189800000000.0049274405

    4.11049222271000000000.0053079244

    2.85005612583000000000.0076553516

    2.40383043445000000000.009076423

    2.05524611148000000000.0106158487

    1.907921480210000000000.0114355764

    0.8855787038100000000000.0246372025

    0.41104922231000000000000.0530792436

    0.19079214810000000000000.1143557638

    0.0885578704100000000000000.2463720246

    0.04110492221000000000000000.5307924364

    0.019079214810000000000000001.1435576382

    0.008855787100000000000000002.4637202459

    0.00411049221000000000000000005.3079243643

    0.0019079215100000000000000000011.4355763825

    0.00088557871000000000000000000024.6372024589

    0.000411049210000000000000000000053.0792436427

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    Concentrao de partculas=10,0 mg/lMassa Especfica=2.750 Kg/m3

    Dimetro das partculas (um)

    rea Superficial Total (m2/l)

    Nmero de partculas

    Dimetro das partculas (um)

    rea Superficial Total (m2/l)

    Sistema Coloidal

    Aluminio e ferro

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    Concentrao de partculas=10,0 mg/lMassa Especfica=2.750 Kg/m3

    Nmero de partculas (por litro)

    rea Superficial Total (m2/l)

    Dimetro das partculas (um)

    Nmero de partculas (#/L)

    rea superficial (m2/l)

    Potencial Zeta

    SOLUBILIDADE DOS COMPOSTOS ALUMNIO E FERRO

    As concentraes esto calculadas em log

    pHFe+3FeOH+2FeOH2+1FeOH4-1Fe2OH2+4Fe TotalAl+3AlOH+2Al7OH17+4Al13OH34+5ALOH4-1Al2OH2+4AL Total

    3-5-4.16-5.74-16-6.85-4.08998795790-22.24.6-9.7-0.35.7162001117

    3.1-5.3-4.36-5.84-15.9-7.25-4.2991114996-0.3-2.21.84.1-9.6-0.75.2167828157

    3.2-5.6-4.56-5.94-15.8-7.65-4.5051902617-0.6-2.41.43.6-9.5-1.14.7175154513

    3.3-5.9-4.76-6.04-15.7-8.05-4.7084808697-0.9-2.613.1-9.4-1.54.2184362942

    3.4-6.2-4.96-6.14-15.6-8.45-4.9091330377-1.2-2.80.62.6-9.3-1.93.7195932181

    3.5-6.5-5.16-6.24-15.5-8.85-5.1071931548-1.5-30.22.1-9.2-2.33.2210460051

    3.6-6.8-5.36-6.34-15.4-9.25-5.3026084363-1.8-3.2-0.21.6-9.1-2.72.7228691568

    3.7-7.1-5.56-6.44-15.3-9.65-5.4952319172-2.1-3.4-0.61.1-9-3.12.225155288

    3.8-7.4-5.76-6.54-15.2-10.05-5.6848291253-2.4-3.6-10.6-8.9-3.51.7280191806

    3.9-7.7-5.96-6.64-15.1-10.45-5.8710877177-2.7-3.8-1.40.1-8.8-3.91.2316025621

    4-8-6.16-6.74-15-10.85-6.053631601-3-4-1.8-0.4-8.7-4.30.7360796545

    4.1-8.3-6.36-6.84-14.9-11.25-6.2320409277-3.3-4.2-2.2-0.9-8.6-4.70.2416634989

    4.2-8.6-6.56-6.94-14.8-11.65-6.405878722-3.6-4.4-2.6-1.4-8.5-5.1-0.2513869756

    4.3-8.9-6.76-7.04-14.7-12.05-6.5747236341-3.9-4.6-3-1.9-8.4-5.5-0.742759195

    4.4-9.2-6.96-7.14-14.6-12.45-6.7382065807-4.2-4.8-3.4-2.4-8.3-5.9-1.2320785088

    4.5-9.5-7.16-7.24-14.5-12.85-6.8960471937-4.5-5-3.8-2.9-8.2-6.3-1.7188988735

    4.6-9.8-7.36-7.34-14.4-13.25-7.0480847393-4.8-5.2-4.2-3.4-8.1-6.7-2.2026918574

    4.7-10.1-7.56-7.44-14.3-13.65-7.1942981819-5.1-5.4-4.6-3.9-8-7.1-2.6828318686

    4.8-10.4-7.76-7.54-14.2-14.05-7.3348116632-5.4-5.6-5-4.4-7.9-7.5-3.1585728783

    4.9-10.7-7.96-7.64-14.1-14.45-7.4698845278-5.7-5.8-5.4-4.9-7.8-7.9-3.6290066109

    5-11-8.16-7.74-14-14.85-7.5998882061-6-6-5.8-5.4-7.7-8.3-4.0929806873

    5.1-11.3-8.36-7.84-13.9-15.25-7.7252746674-6.3-6.2-6.2-5.9-7.6-8.7-4.5489268352

    5.2-11.6-8.56-7.94-13.8-15.65-7.8465420712-6.6-6.4-6.6-6.4-7.5-9.1-4.9944717021

    5.3-11.9-8.76-8.04-13.7-16.05-7.9642026369-6.9-6.6-7-6.9-7.4-9.5-5.4254909942

    5.4-12.2-8.96-8.14-13.6-16.45-8.0787561612-7.2-6.8-7.4-7.4-7.3-9.9-5.8337839559

    5.5-12.5-9.16-8.24-13.5-16.85-8.1906707432-7.5-7-7.8-7.9-7.2-10.3-6.2021019815

    5.6-12.8-9.36-8.34-13.4-17.25-8.3003707127-7.8-7.2-8.2-8.4-7.1-10.7-6.4983464546

    5.7-13.1-9.56-8.44-13.3-17.65-8.4082307404-8.1-7.4-8.6-8.9-7-11.1-6.6843697004

    5.8-13.4-9.76-8.54-13.2-18.05-8.5145746625-8.4-7.6-9-9.4-6.9-11.5-6.7515995319

    5.9-13.7-9.96-8.64-13.1-18.45-8.6196775102-8.7-7.8-9.4-9.9-6.8-11.9-6.7334379881

    6-14-10.16-8.74-13-18.85-8.7237694316-9-8-9.8-10.4-6.7-12.3-6.6701160407

    6.1-14.3-10.36-8.84-12.9-19.25-8.8270404813-9.3-8.2-10.2-10.9-6.6-12.7-6.5863045364

    6.2-14.6-10.56-8.94-12.8-19.65-8.9296455244-9.6-8.4-10.6-11.4-6.5-13.1-6.4935775592

    6.3-14.9-10.76-9.04-12.7-20.05-9.0317087284-9.9-8.6-11-11.9-6.4-13.5-6.3969299525

    6.4-15.2-10.96-9.14-12.6-20.45-9.1333272484-10.2-8.8-11.4-12.4-6.3-13.9-6.2985113683

    6.5-15.5-11.16-9.24-12.5-20.85-9.2345737709-10.5-9-11.8-12.9-6.2-14.3-6.1992708571

    6.6-15.8-11.36-9.34-12.4-21.25-9.3354975347-10.8-9.2-12.2-13.4-6.1-14.7-6.0996403616

    6.7-16.1-11.56-9.44-12.3-21.65-9.4361233053-11.1-9.4-12.6-13.9-6-15.1-5.9998217648

    6.8-16.4-11.76-9.54-12.2-22.05-9.5364474936-11.4-9.6-13-14.4-5.9-15.5-5.899911378

    6.9-16.7-11.96-9.64-12.1-22.45-9.6364301512-11.7-9.8-13.4-14.9-5.8-15.9-5.799955836

    7-17-12.16-9.74-12-22.85-9.7359808637-12-10-13.8-15.4-5.7-16.3-5.6999779568

    7.1-17.3-12.36-9.84-11.9-23.25-9.8349355342-12.3-10.2-14.2-15.9-5.6-16.7-5.5999889857

    7.2-17.6-12.56-9.94-11.8-23.65-9.9330196566-12.6-10.4-14.6-16.4-5.5-17.1-5.4999944922

    7.3-17.9-12.76-10.04-11.7-24.05-10.0297920477-12.9-10.6-15-16.9-5.4-17.5-5.3999972442

    7.4-18.2-12.96-10.14-11.6-24.45-10.1245617538-13.2-10.8-15.4-17.4-5.3-17.9-5.2999986206

    7.5-18.5-13.16-10.24-11.5-24.85-10.2162717825-13.5-11-15.8-17.9-5.2-18.3-5.1999993093

    7.6-18.8-13.36-10.34-11.4-25.25-10.3033506058-13.8-11.2-16.2-18.4-5.1-18.7-5.0999996541

    7.7-19.1-13.56-10.44-11.3-25.65-10.3835536832-14.1-11.4-16.6-18.9-5-19.1-4.9999998267

    7.8-19.4-13.76-10.54-11.2-26.05-10.4538613871-14.4-11.6-17-19.4-4.9-19.5-4.8999999132

    7.9-19.7-13.96-10.64-11.1-26.45-10.5105629352-14.7-11.8-17.4-19.9-4.8-19.9-4.7999999565

    8-20-14.16-10.74-11-26.85-10.5496904195-15-12-17.8-20.4-4.7-20.3-4.6999999782

    8.1-20.3-14.36-10.84-10.9-27.25-10.5678645695-15.3-12.2-18.2-20.9-4.6-20.7-4.5999999891

    8.2-20.6-14.56-10.94-10.8-27.65-10.5633091654-15.6-12.4-18.6-21.4-4.5-21.1-4.4999999945

    8.3-20.9-14.76-11.04-10.7-28.05-10.5364882031-15.9-12.6-19-21.9-4.4-21.5-4.3999999973

    8.4-21.2-14.96-11.14-10.6-28.45-10.4899335081-16.2-12.8-19.4-22.4-4.3-21.9-4.2999999986

    8.5-21.5-15.16-11.24-10.5-28.85-10.4273854763-16.5-13-19.8-22.9-4.2-22.3-4.1999999993

    8.6-21.8-15.36-11.34-10.4-29.25-10.3527927839-16.8-13.2-20.2-23.4-4.1-22.7-4.0999999997

    8.7-22.1-15.56-11.44-10.3-29.65-10.2696233144-17.1-13.4-20.6-23.9-4-23.1-3.9999999998

    8.8-22.4-15.76-11.54-10.2-30.05-10.1805880855-17.4-13.6-21-24.4-3.9-23.5-3.8999999999

    8.9-22.7-15.96-11.64-10.1-30.45-10.0876514436-17.7-13.8-21.4-24.9-3.8-23.9-3.8

    9-23-16.16-11.74-10-30.85-9.9921678881-18-14-21.8-25.4-3.7-24.3-3.7

    9.1-23.3-16.36-11.84-9.9-31.25-9.8950418916-18.3-14.2-22.2-25.9-3.6-24.7-3.6

    9.2-23.6-16.56-11.94-9.8-31.65-9.796865081-18.6-14.4-22.6-26.4-3.5-25.1-3.5

    9.3-23.9-16.76-12.04-9.7-32.05-9.6980193766-18.9-14.6-23-26.9-3.4-25.5-3.4

    9.4-24.2-16.96-12.14-9.6-32.45-9.5987492648-19.2-14.8-23.4-27.4-3.3-25.9-3.3

    9.5-24.5-17.16-12.24-9.5-32.85-9.4992104226-19.5-15-23.8-27.9-3.2-26.3-3.2

    9.6-24.8-17.36-12.34-9.4-33.25-9.3995016445-19.8-15.2-24.2-28.4-3.1-26.7-3.1

    9.7-25.1-17.56-12.44-9.3-33.65-9.299685493-20.1-15.4-24.6-28.9-3-27.1-3

    9.8-25.4-17.76-12.54-9.2-34.05-9.1998015333-20.4-15.6-25-29.4-2.9-27.5-2.9

    9.9-25.7-17.96-12.64-9.1-34.45-9.0998747656-20.7-15.8-25.4-29.9-2.8-27.9-2.8

    10-26-18.16-12.74-9-34.85-8.9999209783-21-16-25.8-30.4-2.7-28.3-2.7

    10.1-26.3-18.36-12.84-8.9-35.25-8.899950139-21.3-16.2-26.2-30.9-2.6-28.7-2.6

    10.2-26.6-18.56-12.94-8.8-35.65-8.7999685392-21.6-16.4-26.6-31.4-2.5-29.1-2.5

    10.3-26.9-18.76-13.04-8.7-36.05-8.6999801493-21.9-16.6-27-31.9-2.4-29.5-2.4

    10.4-27.2-18.96-13.14-8.6-36.45-8.599987475-22.2-16.8-27.4-32.4-2.3-29.9-2.3

    10.5-27.5-19.16-13.24-8.5-36.85-8.4999920972-22.5-17-27.8-32.9-2.2-30.3-2.2

    10.6-27.8-19.36-13.34-8.4-37.25-8.3999950137-22.8-17.2-28.2-33.4-2.1-30.7-2.1

    10.7-28.1-19.56-13.44-8.3-37.65-8.2999968538-23.1-17.4-28.6-33.9-2-31.1-2

    10.8-28.4-19.76-13.54-8.2-38.05-8.1999980149-23.4-17.6-29-34.4-1.9-31.5-1.9

    10.9-28.7-19.96-13.64-8.1-38.45-8.0999987475-23.7-17.8-29.4-34.9-1.8-31.9-1.8

    11-29-20.16-13.74-8-38.85-7.9999992097-24-18-29.8-35.4-1.7-32.3-1.7

    11.1-29.3-20.36-13.84-7.9-39.25-7.8999995014-24.3-18.2-30.2-35.9-1.6-32.7-1.6

    11.2-29.6-20.56-13.94-7.8-39.65-7.7999996854-24.6-18.4-30.6-36.4-1.5-33.1-1.5

    11.3-29.9-20.76-14.04-7.7-40.05-7.6999998015-24.9-18.6-31-36.9-1.4-33.5-1.4

    11.4-30.2-20.96-14.14-7.6-40.45-7.5999998747-25.2-18.8-31.4-37.4-1.3-33.9-1.3

    11.5-30.5-21.16-14.24-7.5-40.85-7.499999921-25.5-19-31.8-37.9-1.2-34.3-1.2

    11.6-30.8-21.36-14.34-7.4-41.25-7.3999999501-25.8-19.2-32.2-38.4-1.1-34.7-1.1

    11.7-31.1-21.56-14.44-7.3-41.65-7.2999999685-26.1-19.4-32.6-38.9-1-35.1-1

    11.8-31.4-21.76-14.54-7.2-42.05-7.1999999801-26.4-19.6-33-39.4-0.9-35.5-0.9

    11.9-31.7-21.96-14.64-7.1-42.45-7.0999999875-26.7-19.8-33.4-39.9-0.8-35.9-0.8

    12-32-22.16-14.74-7-42.85-6.9999999921-27-20-33.8-40.4-0.7-36.3-0.7

    12.1-32.3-22.36-14.84-6.9-43.25-6.899999995-27.3-20.2-34.2-40.9-0.6-36.7-0.6

    12.2-32.6-22.56-14.94-6.8-43.65-6.7999999969-27.6-20.4-34.6-41.4-0.5-37.1-0.5

    12.3-32.9-22.76-15.04-6.7-44.05-6.699999998-27.9-20.6-35-41.9-0.4-37.5-0.4

    12.4-33.2-22.96-15.14-6.6-44.45-6.5999999987-28.2-20.8-35.4-42.4-0.3-37.9-0.3

    12.5-33.5-23.16-15.24-6.5-44.85-6.4999999992-28.5-21-35.8-42.9-0.2-38.3-0.2

    12.6-33.8-23.36-15.34-6.4-45.25-6.3999999995-28.8-21.2-36.2-43.4-0.1-38.7-0.1

    12.7-34.1-23.56-15.44-6.3-45.65-6.2999999997-29.1-21.4-36.6-43.9-0-39.1-0

    12.8-34.4-23.76-15.54-6.2-46.05-6.1999999998-29.4-21.6-37-44.40.1-39.50.1

    12.9-34.7-23.96-15.64-6.1-46.45-6.0999999999-29.7-21.8-37.4-44.90.2-39.90.2

    13-35-24.16-15.74-6-46.85-5.9999999999-30-22-37.8-45.40.3-40.30.3

    pHAl+3AlOH+2Al7OH17+4Al13OH34+5ALOH4-1Al2OH2+4AL Total

    30-22.24.6-9.7-0.35.7162001117

    3.1-0.3-2.21.84.1-9.6-0.75.2167828157

    3.2-0.6-2.41.43.6-9.5-1.14.7175154513

    3.3-0.9-2.613.1-9.4-1.54.2184362942

    3.4-1.2-2.80.62.6-9.3-1.93.7195932181

    3.5-1.5-30.22.1-9.2-2.33.2210460051

    3.6-1.8-3.2-0.21.6-9.1-2.72.7228691568

    3.7-2.1-3.4-0.61.1-9-3.12.225155288

    3.8-2.4-3.6-10.6-8.9-3.51.7280191806

    3.9-2.7-3.8-1.40.1-8.8-3.91.2316025621

    4-3-4-1.8-0.4-8.7-4.30.7360796545

    4.1-3.3-4.2-2.2-0.9-8.6-4.70.2416634989

    4.2-3.6-4.4-2.6-1.4-8.5-5.1-0.2513869756

    4.3-3.9-4.6-3-1.9-8.4-5.5-0.742759195

    4.4-4.2-4.8-3.4-2.4-8.3-5.9-1.2320785088

    4.5-4.5-5-3.8-2.9-8.2-6.3-1.7188988735

    4.6-4.8-5.2-4.2-3.4-8.1-6.7-2.2026918574

    4.7-5.1-5.4-4.6-3.9-8-7.1-2.6828318686

    4.8-5.4-5.6-5-4.4-7.9-7.5-3.1585728783

    4.9-5.7-5.8-5.4-4.9-7.8-7.9-3.6290066109

    5-6-6-5.8-5.4-7.7-8.3-4.0929806873

    5.1-6.3-6.2-6.2-5.9-7.6-8.7-4.5489268352

    5.2-6.6-6.4-6.6-6.4-7.5-9.1-4.9944717021

    5.3-6.9-6.6-7-6.9-7.4-9.5-5.4254909942

    5.4-7.2-6.8-7.4-7.4-7.3-9.9-5.8337839559

    5.5-7.5-7-7.8-7.9-7.2-10.3-6.2021019815

    5.6-7.8-7.2-8.2-8.4-7.1-10.7-6.4983464546

    5.7-8.1-7.4-8.6-8.9-7-11.1-6.6843697004

    5.8-8.4-7.6-9-9.4-6.9-11.5-6.7515995319

    5.9-8.7-7.8-9.4-9.9-6.8-11.9-6.7334379881

    6-9-8-9.8-10.4-6.7-12.3-6.6701160407

    6.1-9.3-8.2-10.2-10.9-6.6-12.7-6.5863045364

    6.2-9.6-8.4-10.6-11.4-6.5-13.1-6.4935775592

    6.3-9.9-8.6-11-11.9-6.4-13.5-6.3969299525

    6.4-10.2-8.8-11.4-12.4-6.3-13.9-6.2985113683

    6.5-10.5-9-11.8-12.9-6.2-14.3-6.1992708571

    6.6-10.8-9.2-12.2-13.4-6.1-14.7-6.0996403616

    6.7-11.1-9.4-12.6-13.9-6-15.1-5.9998217648

    6.8-11.4-9.6-13-14.4-5.9-15.5-5.899911378

    6.9-11.7-9.8-13.4-14.9-5.8-15.9-5.799955836

    7-12-10-13.8-15.4-5.7-16.3-5.6999779568

    7.1-12.3-10.2-14.2-15.9-5.6-16.7-5.5999889857

    7.2-12.6-10.4-14.6-16.4-5.5-17.1-5.4999944922

    7.3-12.9-10.6-15-16.9-5.4-17.5-5.3999972442

    7.4-13.2-10.8-15.4-17.4-5.3-17.9-5.2999986206

    7.5-13.5-11-15.8-17.9-5.2-18.3-5.1999993093

    7.6-13.8-11.2-16.2-18.4-5.1-18.7-5.0999996541

    7.7-14.1-11.4-16.6-18.9-5-19.1-4.9999998267

    7.8-14.4-11.6-17-19.4-4.9-19.5-4.8999999132

    7.9-14.7-11.8-17.4-19.9-4.8-19.9-4.7999999565

    8-15-12-17.8-20.4-4.7-20.3-4.6999999782

    8.1-15.3-12.2-18.2-20.9-4.6-20.7-4.5999999891

    8.2-15.6-12.4-18.6-21.4-4.5-21.1-4.4999999945

    8.3-15.9-12.6-19-21.9-4.4-21.5-4.3999999973

    8.4-16.2-12.8-19.4-22.4-4.3-21.9-4.2999999986

    8.5-16.5-13-19.8-22.9-4.2-22.3-4.1999999993

    8.6-16.8-13.2-20.2-23.4-4.1-22.7-4.0999999997

    8.7-17.1-13.4-20.6-23.9-4-23.1-3.9999999998

    8.8-17.4-13.6-21-24.4-3.9-23.5-3.8999999999

    8.9-17.7-13.8-21.4-24.9-3.8-23.9-3.8

    9-18-14-21.8-25.4-3.7-24.3-3.7

    9.1-18.3-14.2-22.2-25.9-3.6-24.7-3.6

    9.2-18.6-14.4-22.6-26.4-3.5-25.1-3.5

    9.3-18.9-14.6-23-26.9-3.4-25.5-3.4

    9.4-19.2-14.8-23.4-27.4-3.3-25.9-3.3

    9.5-19.5-15-23.8-27.9-3.2-26.3-3.2

    9.6-19.8-15.2-24.2-28.4-3.1-26.7-3.1

    9.7-20.1-15.4-24.6-28.9-3-27.1-3

    9.8-20.4-15.6-25-29.4-2.9-27.5-2.9

    9.9-20.7-15.8-25.4-29.9-2.8-27.9-2.8

    10-21-16-25.8-30.4-2.7-28.3-2.7

    10.1-21.3-16.2-26.2-30.9-2.6-28.7-2.6

    10.2-21.6-16.4-26.6-31.4-2.5-29.1-2.5

    10.3-21.9-16.6-27-31.9-2.4-29.5-2.4

    10.4-22.2-16.8-27.4-32.4-2.3-29.9-2.3

    10.5-22.5-17-27.8-32.9-2.2-30.3-2.2

    10.6-22.8-17.2-28.2-33.4-2.1-30.7-2.1

    10.7-23.1-17.4-28.6-33.9-2-31.1-2

    10.8-23.4-17.6-29-34.4-1.9-31.5-1.9

    10.9-23.7-17.8-29.4-34.9-1.8-31.9-1.8

    11-24-18-29.8-35.4-1.7-32.3-1.7

    11.1-24.3-18.2-30.2-35.9-1.6-32.7-1.6

    11.2-24.6-18.4-30.6-36.4-1.5-33.1-1.5

    11.3-24.9-18.6-31-36.9-1.4-33.5-1.4

    11.4-25.2-18.8-31.4-37.4-1.3-33.9-1.3

    11.5-25.5-19-31.8-37.9-1.2-34.3-1.2

    11.6-25.8-19.2-32.2-38.4-1.1-34.7-1.1

    11.7-26.1-19.4-32.6-38.9-1-35.1-1

    11.8-26.4-19.6-33-39.4-0.9-35.5-0.9

    11.9-26.7-19.8-33.4-39.9-0.8-35.9-0.8

    12-27-20-33.8-40.4-0.7-36.3-0.7

    12.1-27.3-20.2-34.2-40.9-0.6-36.7-0.6

    12.2-27.6-20.4-34.6-41.4-0.5-37.1-0.5

    12.3-27.9-20.6-35-41.9-0.4-37.5-0.4

    12.4-28.2-20.8-35.4-42.4-0.3-37.9-0.3

    12.5-28.5-21-35.8-42.9-0.2-38.3-0.2

    12.6-28.8-21.2-36.2-43.4-0.1-38.7-0.1

    12.7-29.1-21.4-36.6-43.9-0-39.1-0

    12.8-29.4-21.6-37-44.40.1-39.50.1

    12.9-29.7-21.8-37.4-44.90.2-39.90.2

    13-30-22-37.8-45.40.3-40.30.3

    pHFe TotalAl Total

    3-4.08998795795.7162001117

    3.1-4.29911149965.2167828157

    3.2-4.50519026174.7175154513

    3.3-4.70848086974.2184362942

    3.4-4.90913303773.7195932181

    3.5-5.10719315483.2210460051

    3.6-5.30260843632.7228691568

    3.7-5.49523191722.225155288

    3.8-5.68482912531.7280191806

    3.9-5.87108771771.2316025621

    4-6.0536316010.7360796545

    4.1-6.23204092770.2416634989

    4.2-6.405878722-0.2513869756

    4.3-6.5747236341-0.742759195

    4.4-6.7382065807-1.2320785088

    4.5-6.8960471937-1.7188988735

    4.6-7.0480847393-2.2026918574

    4.7-7.1942981819-2.6828318686

    4.8-7.3348116632-3.1585728783

    4.9-7.4698845278-3.6290066109

    5-7.5998882061-4.0929806873

    5.1-7.7252746674-4.5489268352

    5.2-7.8465420712-4.9944717021

    5.3-7.9642026369-5.4254909942

    5.4-8.0787561612-5.8337839559

    5.5-8.1906707432-6.2021019815

    5.6-8.3003707127-6.4983464546

    5.7-8.4082307404-6.6843697004

    5.8-8.5145746625-6.7515995319

    5.9-8.6196775102-6.7334379881

    6-8.7237694316-6.6701160407

    6.1-8.8270404813-6.5863045364

    6.2-8.9296455244-6.4935775592

    6.3-9.0317087284-6.3969299525

    6.4-9.1333272484-6.2985113683

    6.5-9.2345737709-6.1992708571

    6.6-9.3354975347-6.0996403616

    6.7-9.4361233053-5.9998217648

    6.8-9.5364474936-5.899911378

    6.9-9.6364301512-5.799955836

    7-9.7359808637-5.6999779568

    7.1-9.8349355342-5.5999889857

    7.2-9.9330196566-5.4999944922

    7.3-10.0297920477-5.3999972442

    7.4-10.1245617538-5.2999986206

    7.5-10.2162717825-5.1999993093

    7.6-10.3033506058-5.0999996541

    7.7-10.3835536832-4.9999998267

    7.8-10.4538613871-4.8999999132

    7.9-10.5105629352-4.7999999565

    8-10.5496904195-4.6999999782

    8.1-10.5678645695-4.5999999891

    8.2-10.5633091654-4.4999999945

    8.3-10.5364882031-4.3999999973

    8.4-10.4899335081-4.2999999986

    8.5-10.4273854763-4.1999999993

    8.6-10.3527927839-4.0999999997

    8.7-10.2696233144-3.9999999998

    8.8-10.1805880855-3.8999999999

    8.9-10.0876514436-3.8

    9-9.9921678881-3.7

    9.1-9.8950418916-3.6

    9.2-9.796865081-3.5

    9.3-9.6980193766-3.4

    9.4-9.5987492648-3.3

    9.5-9.4992104226-3.2

    9.6-9.3995016445-3.1

    9.7-9.299685493-3

    9.8-9.1998015333-2.9

    9.9-9.0998747656-2.8

    10-8.9999209783-2.7

    10.1-8.899950139-2.6

    10.2-8.7999685392-2.5

    10.3-8.6999801493-2.4

    10.4-8.599987475-2.3

    10.5-8.4999920972-2.2

    10.6-8.3999950137-2.1

    10.7-8.2999968538-2

    10.8-8.1999980149-1.9

    10.9-8.0999987475-1.8

    11-7.9999992097-1.7

    11.1-7.8999995014-1.6

    11.2-7.7999996854-1.5

    11.3-7.6999998015-1.4

    11.4-7.5999998747-1.3

    11.5-7.499999921-1.2

    11.6-7.3999999501-1.1

    11.7-7.2999999685-1

    11.8-7.1999999801-0.9

    11.9-7.0999999875-0.8

    12-6.9999999921-0.7

    12.1-6.899999995-0.6

    12.2-6.7999999969-0.5

    12.3-6.699999998-0.4

    12.4-6.5999999987-0.3

    12.5-6.4999999992-0.2

    12.6-6.3999999995-0.1

    12.7-6.2999999997-0

    12.8-6.19999999980.1

    12.9-6.09999999990.2

    13-5.99999999990.3

    Titulao de uma amostra com sulfato de alumnio ou cloreto frrico

    pH da amostra=7.4

    Alcalinidade (mg/l como CaCO3)=100

    Alcalinidade (eq/litro)=2.00E-03

    Temperatura da amostra (C)=25

    Temperatura da amostra (K)=298.15

    Calculo das constantes de equilbrio do cido carbnico

    K1=4.456E-07

    K2=4.435E-11

    Kw=9.275E-15

    Clculo dos valores de alfa 1 e alfa 2 iniciais

    Alfa 1=0.9170400504

    Alfa 2=0.001021546

    Clculo da concentrao de carbono inorgnico inicial total

    CTinicial=2.176E-03

    Clculo para o cloreto frrico

    pH[H+]K1K2KWALFA 1ALFA 2Fe+3Fe(OH)+2Fe(OH)2+1Fe(OH)4-1Fe2(OH)2+4Cb-CaC inorg TCt(alfa1+2*alfa2)Cl-Dos FeCl3*6H2OFe AplicadoFe SoluvelVol Lodo (mg/l)

    7.43.981E-084.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.91704005040.001021546000002.00E-032.176E-032.000E-030.000E+0000.000E+0000

    7.26.310E-084.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.87541559660.0006152957000.0000000001002.00E-032.176E-031.907E-039.245E-058.32636981243.082E-050.00000000013.2926322943

    71.000E-074.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.81640455540.0003620554000.0000000002002.00E-032.176E-031.778E-032.220E-0419.99844276757.401E-050.00000000027.9083209002

    6.81.585E-074.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.73746727640.0002063538000.0000000003002.00E-032.176E-031.606E-033.946E-0435.53744467561.315E-040.000000000314.0531738296

    6.62.512E-074.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.63940950920.0001128882000.0000000005002.00E-032.176E-031.392E-036.085E-0454.80111148312.028E-040.000000000521.6709305252

    6.43.981E-074.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.52808879510.000058827000.0000000007002.00E-032.176E-031.149E-038.511E-0476.65269501842.837E-040.000000000730.3120622642

    6.26.310E-074.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.41387516860.0000290897000.0000000011002.00E-032.176E-039.007E-041.100E-0399.06898148753.667E-040.000000001239.1764867651

    61.000E-064.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.308219710.000013668800.00000000010.0000000018002.00E-032.176E-036.707E-041.330E-03119.81449007954.434E-040.000000001947.3801766399

    5.81.585E-064.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.21943522220.000006140100.00000000020.0000000029002.00E-032.176E-034.775E-041.524E-03137.26994959045.080E-040.000000003154.2827750891

    5.62.512E-064.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.15065500860.000002659800.00000000040.0000000046002.00E-032.176E-033.278E-041.675E-03150.83429743385.582E-040.00000000559.6465585017

    5.43.981E-064.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.1006531730.000001121200.00000000110.0000000072002.00E-032.176E-032.190E-041.785E-03160.76674207195.950E-040.000000008363.5739658186

    5.26.310E-064.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.06595793130.000000463600.00000000280.0000000115002.00E-032.176E-031.435E-041.863E-03167.776826146.209E-040.000000014266.3454581834

    51.000E-054.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.04265492910.000000189200.00000000690.0000000182002.00E-032.176E-039.281E-051.917E-03172.67749469756.391E-040.000000025168.2822535835

    Clculo para o sulfato de alumnio

    pH[H+]K1K2KWALFA 1ALFA 2Al+3Al(OH)+2Al7(OH)17+4Al13(OH)34+5Al(OH)4-1Al2(OH)2+4Cb-CaC inorg TCt(alfa1+2*alfa2)SO4-2Dos Al2(SO4)3*18H2OAl aplicadoAl solvelVol Lodo (mg/l)

    7.43.981E-084.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.91704005040.001021546000.000E+000002.00E-032.176E-032.000E-030.000E+0000.000E+000.000E+000

    7.26.310E-084.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.87541559660.0006152957002.512E-1500.000003162302.00E-032.176E-031.907E-034.464E-059.9126550352.976E-053.162E-062.0742024135

    71.000E-074.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.81640455540.000362055400.00000000011.585E-1400.000001995302.00E-032.176E-031.778E-031.100E-0424.43015199137.335E-051.995E-065.5641098861

    6.81.585E-074.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.73746727640.000206353800.00000000031.000E-1300.000001258902.00E-032.176E-031.606E-031.967E-0443.6665341331.311E-041.259E-0610.1252345408

    6.62.512E-074.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.63940950920.000112888200.00000000066.310E-1300.000000794302.00E-032.176E-031.392E-033.038E-0467.4641115632.026E-047.950E-0715.7330397958

    6.43.981E-074.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.52808879510.0000588270.00000000010.00000000163.981E-1200.000000501202.00E-032.176E-031.149E-034.253E-0494.43285413012.835E-045.029E-0722.0698744055

    6.26.310E-074.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.41387516860.00002908970.00000000030.0000000042.512E-1100.000000316202.00E-032.176E-039.007E-045.498E-04122.08604105153.665E-043.207E-0728.5583820888

    61.000E-064.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.308219710.00001366880.0000000010.000000011.585E-1000.000000199502.00E-032.176E-036.707E-046.651E-04147.67314211714.434E-042.122E-0734.5574245174

    5.81.585E-064.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.21943522220.00000614010.0000000040.00000002511.000E-090.00000000040.000000125902.00E-032.176E-034.775E-047.620E-04169.20308660035.080E-041.672E-0739.6016294214

    5.62.512E-064.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.15065500860.00000265980.00000001580.00000006316.310E-090.0000000040.000000079402.00E-032.176E-033.278E-048.374E-04185.94523235545.583E-042.543E-0743.514586545

    5.43.981E-064.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.1006531730.00000112120.00000006310.00000015853.981E-080.00000003980.00000005010.00000000012.00E-032.176E-032.190E-048.929E-04198.26329687695.953E-041.068E-0646.3350903074

    5.26.310E-064.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.06595793130.00000046360.00000025120.00000039812.512E-070.00000039810.00000003160.00000000082.00E-032.176E-031.435E-049.337E-04207.3146172676.224E-047.616E-0647.9436132982

    51.000E-054.4555E-074.4348E-119.2754E-150.04265492910.00000018920.0000010.0000011.585E-060.00000398110.000000020.0000000052.00E-032.176E-039.281E-059.742E-04216.32137439426.495E-046.488E-0545.5870338638

    pHFeCl3*6H2O (Alc=100,0)Al2(SO4)3*18H2O (Alc=100,0)FeCl3*6H2O (Alc=15,0)Al2(SO4)3*18H2O (Alc=15,0)

    7.40000

    7.28.32979246599.94231204811.26006914131.2276090587

    720.001634788724.45013821033.01667557013.5131272298

    6.835.540330006643.68022471475.35305061056.4689843428

    6.654.803617503267.47361584288.249404003810.0871913785

    6.476.654772720894.439531249111.537232552714.1704746103

    6.299.0706237949122.090902836714.915920824518.3551259367

    6119.8157372844147.677540484418.054377205722.2383983622

    5.8137.2708794001169.212546083320.716086893925.5378431224

    5.6150.835009332186.001600016922.820716556228.2010060315

    5.4160.7673499652198.739766639424.422560699930.6703404344

    5.2167.7774709961211.720792619525.652458766136.5262040798

    &RA-&P

    Page &P

    Potencial Zeta

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    &A

    Page &P

    Fe+3

    FeOH+2

    FeOH2+1

    FeOH4-1

    Fe2OH2+4

    Fe Total

    pH

    Log C

    Sheet3

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    &A

    Page &P

    Al+3

    AlOH+2

    Al7OH17+4

    Al13OH34+5

    ALOH4-1

    Al2OH2+4

    AL Total

    pH

    Log C

    Sheet4

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    &A

    Page &P

    Fe Total

    Al Total

    pH

    Log (Al ou Fe)

    Sheet5

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    &A

    Pgina &P

    FeCl3*6H2O (Alc=100,0)

    Al2(SO4)3*18H2O (Alc=100,0)

    FeCl3*6H2O (Alc=15,0)

    Al2(SO4)3*18H2O (Alc=15,0)

    pH

    Dosagem de Coagulante (mg/l)

    Efeito da Alcalinidade na Aplicao de Coagulante Metlico

    Sheet6

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    Diagrama de solubilidade do alumnio em meio aquoso

    Al+3

    AlOH+2

    Al7OH17+4

    Al13OH34+5

    ALOH4-1

    Al2OH2+4

    AL Total

    pH

    Log Al

    Sheet7

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    Diagrama de solubilidade do alumnio em meio aquoso

    Al+3

    pH

    Log Al

    Sheet8

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    00

    Diagrama de solubilidade do alumnio em meio aquoso

    Al+3

    AlOH+2

    pH

    Log Al

    Sheet9

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    Diagrama de solubilidade do alumnio em meio aquoso

    Al+3

    AlOH+2

    Al13OH34+5

    pH

    Log Al

    Sheet10

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    0000

    Diagrama de solubilidade do alumnio em meio aquoso

    Al+3

    AlOH+2

    Al7OH17+4

    Al13OH34+5

    pH

    Log Al

    Sheet11

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    Diagrama de solubilidade do alumnio em meio aquoso

    Al+3

    AlOH+2

    Al7OH17+4

    Al13OH34+5

    Al2OH2+4

    pH

    Log Al

    Sheet12

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    Diagrama de solubilidade do alumnio em meio aquoso

    Al+3

    AlOH+2

    Al7OH17+4

    Al13OH34+5

    ALOH4-1

    Al2OH2+4

    pH

    Log Al

    Sheet13

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    000000

    Diagrama de solubilidade do ferro em meio aquoso

    Fe+3

    FeOH+2

    FeOH2+1

    FeOH4-1

    Fe2OH2+4

    Fe Total

    pH

    Log Fe

    Sheet14

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

    00000

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    00000

    00000

    00000

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    00000

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    00000

    00000

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    Diagrama de solubilidade do ferro em meio aquoso

    Fe+3

    FeOH+2

    FeOH2+1

    FeOH4-