DIMETRODisciplina: DendrometriaProf. Allyson Rocha AlvesUNIVERSIDADE FEDEDERAL RURAL DO SEMIRIDO

INTRODUODIMETRO CRESCIMENTOVOLUMEREA BASAL

INTRODUODAP Medida fcil de ser avaliada; Base para outros clculos (ex: rea seccional e basal); uma caracterstica facilmente avaliada; suas medidas so confiveis;Dimetro a Altura do Peito

INTRODUODAPErros podem ser limitados pela utilizao de instrumentos apropriados, Utilizao de mtodos de medio adequados; erros de medio e suas causas so reconhecidos;Dimetro a Altura do Peito

INTRODUODAPDimetro a Altura do PeitoSistema internacional de unidades: Brasil: 1,30 m EUA: 1,37 m Inglaterra: 1,29 m Japo: 1,25 m

INTRODUOMedio de Circunferncia DimetroR = D/2C = 2 D/2C = D ouD = C/

SITUAES PRTICAS DE CAMPOFonte: Soares, Neto e Souza, 2006

SITUAES PRTICAS DE CAMPOMEDIO DOS DIMETROS EM RVORES BIFURCADAS 1 CASO: RAMOS COM ALTURAS DIFERENTES, deve-se medir o dimetro de cada ramo e calcular seu volume isolado, e no final soma o volume de cada ramo e encontra o volume da rvore.

2 CASO: RAMOS COM MESMA ALTURA, nesse caso pode se calcular um nico volume para a rvore a partir do dimetro obtido da seguinte forma:

DIMETRO EQUIVALENTE (deq )

_____________Deq = DAP2

rea seccional e rea Basal - importantes para clculo de volumeg = * DAP (dimetro em metros) 4g = * DAP (dimetro em centmetros) 40000- Importante da densidade do povoamento; Grau de ocupao de determinada rea por madeira

Desvio da seo do fuste da forma circularDficit de convexidade e Dficit isoperimtrico

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOSUTA Medida direta de DAP; Barra graduada c/ dois braos paralelos (um fixo e um mvel) perpendiculares barra

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOSUTA Requerimentos bsicos para uma suta:O material deve ser resistente, prova d gua e fcil de limpar (acmulo de resinas, leos etc.). De metais leves (alumnio);2. Braos totalmente paralelos; e3. A escala de graduao das medidas deve estar calibrada e legvel

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOSUTA

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOSUTA Cuidados nas medies- Suta perpendicular ao eixo da rvore;- Duas medidas em sees no circulares.Desvantagens- Transporte da suta;- Tomada de duas medidas;- Resduos prejudicam braos mveis.

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOSUTA Erros mais frequentes1. Falta de paralelismo dos braos da suta - medidas

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOSUTA Erros mais frequentes2. Inclinao da suta - medidas >s de dimetro

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOSUTA Erros mais frequentes3. No observncia da altura de medio - medidas >s ou

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOSUTA Erros mais frequentes4. Variao da presso de contato - fora excessiva exercida pelos braos da suta sobre o fuste da rvore: dimetros menores; - erro mais difcil de controlar.

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOFITA DIAMTRICA - Lona ou ao; Graduada em uma das faces em cm e na outra em dimetro Cada cm corresponde ao permetro do circulo multiplicado por ; Dimenso normal de 5m

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOFITA DIAMTRICA Cuidados- rvores c/ deformaes;- Inclinao da fita.

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOFITA DIAMTRICA

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOFITA DIAMTRICA Erros semelhantes aos da suta Inclinao da fita; No observncia da altura de medio; Variao da presso de contatos; liquens, gomas e partculas no removidas da casca.

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIORGUA DE BILTMORE 016XoperadorValor do dimetro

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIORGUA DE BILTMORE

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIORGUA DE BILTMORE L = distncia do operador rvore;d = valor do dimetro correspondente graduao da rgua de Biltmore;D = dimetro da rvore.

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIORGUA DE BILTMORE Teorema de Pitgoras:AC = AH + HC AH =

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIORGUA DE BILTMORE Substituindo (5) em (6):______________d/2_____L=D/2Dividindo por L:

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOGARFO DE DIMETRO Estratificao das rvores por classe de dimetro

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIOPenta Prisma de Wheeler Medio de dimetros a diferentes alturas; acoplado a um suunto (medio de altura); cubagem de rvores em p.

INSTRUMENTOS USUAIS DE MEDIORgua Medio de toros

MDIAS DOS DIMETROS

INTRODUOTAMANHO DAS RVORES NAS FLORESTASFlorestas Naturais: Muitas rvores jovens de pequeno tamanho e poucas rvores velhas de grande porte;Florestas Plantadas: Muitas rvores de porte mdio, poucas de pequenas e de grandes dimenses.

INTRODUODISTRIBUIO DE DIMETROS (D)Em florestas nativas a distribuio de dimetros exponencial negativa:

Grf8

659.1

214.8

110.8

67

41.2

18.6

10.3

7.1

2.6

0.8

1.4

0.6

0.2

0.4

0.2

d (cm)

rvores (n/ha)

FLORESTAS NATIVAS

FlorestaNativa

CLASSES DE dFREQNCIASESTATSTICAS

NLICCLSNiMTotalhcgGvV

157.59.99659.1111.3770.45.50.004422.9120.014689.67

21012.514.99214.816.9231.77.90.012272.6360.0677314.55

31517.519.99110.87.1117.99.40.024052.6650.1814920.11

42022.524.9967.02.669.610.60.039762.6640.3788625.38

52527.529.9941.22.643.811.50.059402.4470.6836328.17

63032.534.9918.62.220.812.30.082961.5431.1203920.84

73537.539.9910.30.410.712.90.110451.1381.7144517.66

84042.544.997.11.28.313.50.141861.0072.4917417.69

94547.549.992.60.43.014.00.177210.4613.478809.04

105052.554.990.80.21.014.50.216480.1734.702693.76

115557.559.991.40.01.414.90.259670.3646.190948.67

126062.564.990.60.00.615.30.306800.1847.971524.78

136567.569.990.20.00.215.60.357850.07210.072832.01

147072.574.990.40.00.416.00.412820.16512.523635.01

157577.579.990.20.00.216.30.471730.09415.353063.07

TOTAIS1135.1144.9128018.524190.42

MDIAS12.19430006177.20.016320.16776

Fonte: Pulz et al. (1999)

PULZ, F.A., SCOLFORO, J.R., OLIVEIRA, A.D.de, MELLO, J.M.de & OLIVEIRA FILHO, T.de.1999. Acuracidade da predio da distribuio diamtrica de uma floresta inequinea com a matriz de transio. CERNE, v.5, n.1, p.001-014, 1999.

2560

FlorestaNativa

d (cm)

rvores (n/ha)

FlorestaPlantada

d (cm)

rvores (n/ha)

FLORESTAS NATIVAS

DadosFlorestaPlantada

CLASSES DE dEstatsticas

NLICCLSNihgGvV

181013.991.711.30.007850.010.033110.06

2121417.9916.912.60.015390.260.076171.29

3161821.9964.415.00.025451.640.153399.88

4202225.9994.918.70.038013.610.2878327.32

5242629.99125.424.70.053096.660.5343567.02

6283033.99164.426.00.0706911.620.75086123.45

7323437.9989.826.30.090798.160.9768687.75

8363841.9918.627.10.113412.111.2574623.44

9404245.995.128.20.138540.701.600458.14

10444649.993.427.50.166190.561.872726.35

Total584.735.3354.7

Mdia27.123.00.060440.60658

DadosFlorestaPlantada

d (cm)

rvores (n/ha)

FLORESTAS PLANTADAS

d (cm)

rvores (n/ha)

AnoDoInventarioParcelaArvoreCAPAlturaCondicaodh

2005481166153021.008452488115.3

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2005481464147020.371832715814.7

2005481562149019.735212943414.9

2005481646126014.642254764512.6

2005481757138018.143663512513.8

2005481851119016.233804195411.9

2005481979144025.146481008514.4

20054811078153024.828171122315.3

20054811141120013.050705333512

20054811264142020.371832715814.2

20054811356135017.825353626313.5

20054811467144021.326762374314.4

20054811568145021.645072260514.5

20054811650129015.915494309212.9

20054811757136018.143663512513.6

20054811867144021.326762374314.4

20054811960138019.09859317113.8

20054812069145021.963382146714.5

20054812164142020.371832715814.2

20054812256135017.825353626313.5

20054812358137018.461973398713.7

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20054812553132016.870423967713.2

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20054812762140019.735212943414

20054812862140019.735212943414

20054812954133017.188733853913.3

20054813064142020.371832715814.2

20054813162140019.735212943414

20054813272147022.918311805214.7

20054813361139019.416903057213.9

20054813465142020.690142601914.2

20054813552131016.552114081613.1

20054813667144021.326762374314.4

20054813758137018.461973398713.7

20054813868145021.645072260514.5

20054813964142020.371832715814.2

20054814044123014.005634992112.3

20054814162140019.735212943414

20054814242121013.369015219712.1

20054814360138019.09859317113.8

20054814469146021.963382146714.6

20054814562140019.735212943414

20054814662140019.735212943414

20054814766143021.008452488114.3

20054814869145021.963382146714.5

20054814955134017.507043740113.4

20054815052132016.552114081613.2

20054815151131016.233804195413.1

20054815244124014.005634992112.4

20054815364142020.371832715814.2

20054815462140019.735212943414

20054815547127014.960564650612.7

20054815663141020.053522829614.1

20054815764142020.371832715814.2

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20054815966143021.008452488114.3

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20054816156135017.825353626313.5

20054816272147022.918311805214.7

20054816374169023.554931577616.9

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20054816750130015.915494309213

20054816880152025.464790894715.2

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200612498240031.19436884624

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200621114280036.28732702528

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200621390261028.647889756526.1

2006214108287034.377467707828.7

200621599280031.512678732228

2006216124290039.470425886829

2006217145270046.154933496627

2006218106290033.740847935529

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200622080260025.464790894726

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2006223118266037.560566569726.6

200622496258030.557749073625.8

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200622864195020.371832715819.5

200631104267233.104228163126.7

20063280275025.464790894727.5

20063386260027.374650211826

20063484270026.738030439427

20063572240022.918311805224

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200637112250035.650707252625

20063897270030.876058959827

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200631089235028.329579870423.5

200631197265030.876058959826.5

200631291250028.966199642725

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200631480240025.464790894724

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200641101268032.149298504626.8

20064295285030.239439187528.5

20064392266029.284509528926.6

20064495280030.239439187528

20064599276031.512678732227.6

20064694283029.921129301328.3

200647104285033.104228163128.5

20064872242222.918311805224.2

20064984273026.738030439427.3

2006410104272033.104228163127.2

2006411104259033.104228163125.9

200641291262028.966199642726.2

200641387257227.69296009825.7

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200641598263031.19436884626.3

200641696250230.557749073625

200641788244028.011269984224.4

2006418100260031.830988618426

2006419102258032.467608390725.8

200642099267031.512678732226.7

2006421103270032.785918276927

200642295255030.239439187525.5

200642399260031.512678732226

200642490250028.647889756525

2006425100246031.830988618424.6

20065195270030.239439187527

20065292260029.284509528926

20065390278028.647889756527.8

20065480243025.464790894724.3

200655128275040.743665431527.5

200656108276034.377467707827.6

20065798278031.19436884627.8

20065878268024.828171122326.8

200659113284035.969017138828.4

2006510106265033.740847935526.5

200651198256031.19436884625.6

2006512103270032.785918276927

200651396266030.557749073626.6

2006514106287033.740847935528.7

200651582266026.101410667126.6

2006516123280039.152116000628

200651797289030.876058959828.9

2006518118279037.560566569727.9

200651983284226.419720553328.4

2006520131289041.698595090128.9

200652188267028.011269984226.7

200652292270229.284509528927

2006523102184432.467608390718.4

2006524109267034.69577759426.7

200652586258027.374650211825.8

200652695265030.239439187526.5

200652778255024.828171122325.5

200652886280227.374650211828

2006529101279032.149298504627.9

200661103253032.785918276925.3

200662100253031.830988618425.3

20066390251028.647889756525.1

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200665102270032.467608390727

20066699261031.512678732226.1

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20066994261029.921129301326.1

2006610113277035.969017138827.7

200661184263026.738030439426.3

200661281250225.783100780925

200661392264029.284509528926.4

200661471256022.60000191925.6

200661594270029.921129301327

2006616108264234.377467707826.4

200661797292230.876058959829.2

200661886263027.374650211826.3

200661983264026.419720553326.4

200662085292027.056340325629.2

2006621100263031.830988618426.3

200662290276028.647889756527.6

200662397281030.876058959828.1

200662487260027.69296009826

2006625105248033.422538049324.8

200662673256023.236621691425.6

200662780289025.464790894728.9

200662881290025.783100780929

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200663092274029.284509528927.4

200663194278029.921129301327.8

200663260216019.09859317121.6

200663399283031.512678732228.3

200663476267024.1915513526.7

200663588285028.011269984228.5

200671101266032.149298504626.6

200672104263033.104228163126.3

20067377245224.509861236224.5

20067488254028.011269984225.4

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20067780269025.464790894726.9

20067887271027.69296009827.1

20067969243021.963382146724.3

2006710100

2006711109275034.69577759427.5

200671285276027.056340325627.6

200671383262026.419720553326.2

200671489273028.329579870427.3

200671594254029.921129301325.4

200671675260023.873241463826

200671778272024.828171122327.2

200671888286228.011269984228.6

200671990287028.647889756528.7

200672090268228.647889756526.8

200672180265225.464790894726.5

200672298270231.19436884627

200672394271029.921129301327.1

200672470143422.281692032914.3

2006725106280033.740847935528

200672698275031.19436884627.5

20068198260031.19436884626

20068288268028.011269984226.8

200683101255032.149298504625.5

20068493262029.602819415126.2

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200686110268035.014087480226.8

20068786270227.374650211827

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20068982258226.101410667125.8

200681082260026.101410667126

200681193200429.602819415120

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200681363242020.053522829624.2

200681488276028.011269984227.6

200681599265031.512678732226.5

200681692273029.284509528927.3

200681769254021.963382146725.4

200681879268025.146481008526.8

200681995272030.239439187527.2

200682072270022.918311805227

200682193274029.602819415127.4

200682261258019.416903057225.8

200682372260222.918311805226

200682467248021.326762374324.8

200682577268024.509861236226.8

200682697263030.876058959826.3

200691113222035.969017138822.2

20069288226028.011269984222.6

200693112241235.650707252624.1

20069499230031.512678732223

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200696120241038.197186342124.1

200697102241032.467608390724.1

200698100231231.830988618423.1

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200691094221029.921129301322.1

200691173213023.236621691421.3

200691299231231.512678732223.1

2006913105227033.422538049322.7

200691495216230.239439187521.6

200691588216028.011269984221.6

200691679196025.146481008519.6

200691787207027.69296009820.7

200691884216026.738030439421.6

200691990245028.647889756524.5

200692092239029.284509528923.9

2006921108230034.377467707823

200692291211028.966199642721.1

200692397224030.876058959822.4

2006924117217037.242256683521.7

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200610656190017.825353626319

200610772219022.918311805221.9

2006108101249032.149298504624.9

200610983228026.419720553322.8

2006101082212026.101410667121.2

2006101160202019.09859317120.2

2006101257190018.143663512519

2006101383244026.419720553324.4

2006101462203019.735212943420.3

2006101583226026.419720553322.6

2006101674215023.554931577621.5

2006101777222024.509861236222.2

2006101880221025.464790894722.1

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2006102374222023.554931577622.2

2006102482225026.101410667122.5

2006102599231031.512678732223.1

2006102675208023.873241463820.8

2006102778224024.828171122322.4

2006102881224025.783100780922.4

INTRODUODISTRIBUIO DE DIMETROS (D)Distribuio dos dimetros das rvores (d) numa floresta de Pinus de 15 anos, em Piratini, RS.Em florestas plantadas a distribuio de dimetros aproximadamente normal.

INTRODUOMDIA DOS DIMETROS Descrio do estgio de desenvolvimento das florestas; volume da rvore mdia da floresta volume da populao; Agrupamento de dados de dimetro: - empiricamente; - estatisticamente.

Agrupamento empricoFloresta plantada: amplitude de 2 a 5cmFloresta nativa: 5 a 10cm

Classes de dimetroValor central Frequncia 6,5 9,584 9,5 12,5 115 12,5 15,5 1419 15,5 18,5 1729 18,5 21,52024 21,5 24,52313

Agrupamento EstatsticoDesvio padro = 3,6 cm

Agrupamento empricoClasse de dimetro (cm)N de rvores/parcelaHistograma de distribuio de frequncias

Agrupamento estatsticoClasse de dimetro (cm)N de rvores/parcelaHistograma de distribuio de frequncias

Mdia Aritmtica Dos Dimetros (D)__Caracteriza a distribuio de frequncia - pesquisa; controle estatstico; e obteno de dimetros de Hohenaldfi = frequncia da isima classe de dimetro;di = valor central da isima classe de dimetro Dimetro Modal (Dmod)Corresponde ao valor do dimetro central da classe de maior frequncia

DIMETRO MDIO QUADRTICO (Dg)Corresponde ao dimetro da rvore de rea seccional mdia da populao. = Dg______4Dg = 4 / = rea seccional da rvore mdia = G/N = gi/N = figi/fi

corresponde ao dimetro da rvore que est na posio 60% do conjunto de rvores do povoamento ordenadas em ordem crescente.EX.: 90 rvores listadasDw= 0,6 x 90 = 54 (nmero da rvores na posio 60%) A rvore mdia de Weise aproxima-se da rvore do povoamento com o volume mdio.DIMETRO MDIO DE WEISE (Dw)

mdia aritmtica dos dimetro das 100 rvores mais altas por ha (Hart); Mdia aritmtica dos dimetros das 100 rvores mais grossas/ha (Assmann); Mdia aritmtica dos dimetros de 20% das rvores mais grossas/ha (Weise); Mdia aritmtica dos dimetros das 30 rvores mais grossas/ha (Lewis).

DIMETRO DAS RVORES DOMINANTES (dHd)

FIM

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