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CETESB - COMPANHIA AMBIENTAL DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
CENTRO REGIONAL DA CONVENÇÃO DE ESTOCOLMO SOBRE POLUENTES ORGÂNICOS PERSISTENTES (POPs)PARA A REGIÃO DA AMÉRICA LATINA E CARIBE
V PROGRAMA INTERNACIONAL PARA CAPACITACÃO INTENSIVA NA GESTÃO AMBIENTAL DOS PRODUTOS QUÍMICOS E SEUS RESÍDUOS, EM ESPECIAL
POLUENTES ORGÂNICOS PERSISTENTES (POPs) E MERCÚRIO (Hg)
Management steps: classification, collection, transportation, storage, treatment and finaldisposal
Elvira Lídia Straus
January 14, 2016
São Paulo – SP – Brasil
SOLID WASTES CLASSIFICATIONBrazilian Standard NBR 10004/2004
PURPOUSES OF THE STANDARD:
• CLASSIFICATION FOR MANAGEMENT PLANNING
• IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS
NBR 10.004 – SOLID WASTES DEFINITIONSOLID AND SEMI-SOLID WASTES RESULTING FROM INDUSTRIAL, DOMESTIC, HOSPITAL, COMMERCIAL, AGRICULTURAL, AND STREET SWEEPING SERVICES ACTIVITIES.
THIS DEFINITION INCLUDES: SLUDGE FROM WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS, WASTES GENERATED IN POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES, AND CERTAIN LIQUIDS WHOSE CHARACTERISTICS MAKE ITS LAUNCH IN PUBLIC SEWERS OR WATER BODIES UNFEASIBLE, OR WOULD REQUIRE TECHNICAL SOLUTION CONSIDERED NOT VIABLE ECONOMICALLY GIVEN THE BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY.
CONTAINED GASES
NBR 10.004 – SOLID WASTES
HAZARDOUS WASTESCLASS I
SOLID WASTES
SOLID WASTE OR SOLID WASTE MIXTURE THAT IS CONSIDERED NON HAZARDOUS AND THAT AFTER TESTED FOR SOLUBILIZATION, ACCORDING TO NBR10.006, HAVE NO PARAMETER SOLUBILIZED IN CONCENTRATIONS ABOVE MAXIMUM LIMITS OF POTABLE WATERS, EXCEPT ASPECT, COLOR, TURBIDITY, HARDNESS AND TASTE.
CLASSIFICATION - NON HAZARDOUS WASTESCLASS II
CLASS II BWASTESINERTS
CLASSIFICATION - CLASS II WASTES-non hazardous
SOLID WASTE OR SOLID WASTE MIXTURE THAT IS NOT CONSIDERED HAZARDOUS AND DOESN’T FIT CLASS II B LIMITS.
SOLID WASTES
CLASS II ANON INERTS
NBR 10.004 – SOLID WASTESANNEX AHAZARDOUS WASTES FROM NON-SPECIFIC SOURCES.
ANNEX BHAZARDOUS WASTES FROM SPECIFIC SOURCES.
ANNEX CHAZARDOUS CONSTITUENTS.
ANNEX DACUTELY TOXIC SUBSTANCES.
ANNEX ETOXIC SUBSTANCES.
ANNEX FMAXIMUM CONCENTRATION OF CONTAMINANT FOR LIQUID OBTAINED IN LEACHING PROCEDURE.
ANNEX GSOLUBILIZATION TEST CONCETRATION LIMITS.
ANNEX H (examples )CODING FOR SOME NON HAZARDOUS WASTES.
HAZARDOUS WASTES – CLASS I
A solid waste is a hazardous waste if it exhibitshazard as defined or if it exhibits any of thecharacteristics of hazardous waste as identified inthis standard or it is listed in annex A or B.
NOTE the generator of wastes listed on annex A or B can demonstrate, based on classification report, that his specific waste does not present any hazardous characteristics specified in this standard.
BRAZILIAN NBR 10.004SOLID WASTE CLASSIFICATION
HAZARDOUS WASTES DEFINITION AND LISTING –BASED ON US EPA 40 CODE OF FEDERAL
REGULATIONS40 CFR 260 AND 261 (1988)
ELECTRONIC CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AVAILABLE IN
http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=b30c1f3004214e2cd2767d9cf681af73&mc=true&node=pt40.26.26
1&rgn=div5#se40.26.261_133 -OR JUST GOOGLE - ECFRPART 260 AND ECFRPART 261
PART 260—HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: GENERAL PART 261—IDENTIFICATION AND LISTING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
SOLID WASTE CLASSIFICATION – ANNEX A HAZARDOUS WASTES FROM NON-SPECIFIC SOURCES LIST
SOLID WASTE CLASSIFICATION – ANNEX BHAZARDOUS WASTES FROM
SPECIFIC SOURCES LIST
WASTES CHARACTERISTICS
INGNITABILITYA solid waste exhibits the characteristic of ignitability if a representative sample of the waste has any of the following properties:(1)It is a liquid, ...and has flash point less than 60 °C (140 °F)
(2) It is not a liquid and is capable, under standard temperature and pressure, of causing fire through friction, absorption of moisture or spontaneous chemical changes and, when ignited, burns so vigorously and persistently that it creates a hazard.
(3) It is an ignitable compressed gas.
CORROSIVITYA solid waste exhibits the characteristic of corrosivity if a representative sample of the waste has either of the following properties:
• It is aqueous and has a pH less than or equal to 2 or greater than or equal to 12.5.• It is a liquid and corrodes steel (SAE 1020) at a rate greater than 6.35 mm (0.250 inch) per year
REACTIVITY:
A solid waste exhibits the characteristic of reactivity if a representative sample of the waste has any of the following properties:
(1) It is normally unstable and readily undergoes violent change without detonating.(2) It reacts violently with water.(3) It forms potentially explosive mixtures with water.(4) When mixed with water, it generates toxic gases ..(5) It is a cyanide or sulfide bearing waste ....(6) It is capable of detonation or explosive reaction...(7) It is readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or reaction at standard temperature and pressure.(8) It is a forbidden explosive....
PATOGENICITYA solid waste exhibits the characteristic of patogenicity if a representative sample of the waste has:.... substances or wastes containing viable micro organisms or their toxins which are known or suspected to cause disease in animals or humans...
This definition does not include household wastes nor sewage treatment (municipal wastewater treatment) sludge.Medical wastes have specific classification procedure (RESOLUÇÃO CONAMA Nº 358).
TOXICITYA solid waste shall be listed, and considered to exhibit the characteristic of toxicity, upon determining that a representative sample of the waste meets one of the following criteria:
• It has been found to be fatal to humans in low doses or, in the absence of data on human toxicity, it has been shown in studies to have an oral LD 50 toxicity (rat) of less than 50 milligrams per kilogram, an inhalation LC 50 toxicity (rat) of less than 2 milligrams per liter, or a dermal LD 50 toxicity (rabbit) of less than 200 milligrams per kilogram or is otherwise capable of causing or significantly contributing to an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible, •the extract obtained with the Leaching procedure described on NBR 10.005, from a representative sample of the waste, contains any of the contaminants listed in annex F at a concentration equal to or greater than the respective value given in that table...
Leaching procedure – pH < 5,0 mixing – 18 + 2 hours
Volatiles - ZHE (Zero head space extractor vessel)
non volatiles
NBR 10004 - Annex F MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION OF CONTAMINANT FOR LIQUID OBTAINED IN LEACHING PROCEDURE
Contaminant CAS-Chemical Abstract Substance
Regulatory Levelmg/L
IdentificationCode
Inorganics
....
Arsenic D005 1,0 7440-38-3
Barium D006 70,0 7440-39-3
Mecury D011 0,1 7439-92-1
Pesticides
2,4-D D026 3,0 94-75-7
Endrin D018 0,06 72-20-8
Lindane D022 0,2 58-89-9
Other organics
Hexachlorobenzene D021 0,1 118-74-1
Vinyl chloride D032 0,5 75-01-4
1,2-Dichloroethane D040 1,0 107-06-2
TOXICITY...criteria..
It contains any of the toxic constituents listed in annex C and, taking into the following factors, it is concluded that the waste is toxic as capable of posing a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported or disposed of, or otherwise managed:
(i) The nature of the toxicity presented by the constituent.(ii) The concentration of the constituent in the waste.(iii) The potential of the constituent or any toxic degradation product of the constituent to migrate from the waste into the environment under the types of improper management.(iv) The persistence of the constituent or any toxic degradation product of the ....
NBR 10004 – SOLID WASTES- CLASSIFICATION Annex C
Hazardous Constituents
NBR 10004 – SOLID WASTES- CLASSIFICATION Annex C
Hazardous Constituents
TOXICITY...criteria..
A solid waste constituted of discarded containers is considered a hazardous waste if the container contained or is contaminated with substances from annex D or E
TOXICITY..criteria..
A solid waste constituted of discarded commercial products, off-specification species, spill residues is considered a hazardous waste if they contain any of the substances listed in annex D or E
NBR 10004 – SOLID WASTES – ANNEX DACUTELY TOXIC SUBSTANCES LIST– listed POPs
Identification CodeSubstance
CAS-Chemical Abstract Substance
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Endrin and metabolites
Heptachlor
Toxaphene
P004
P037
P051
P059
P123
309-00-2
60-57-1
72-20-8
76-44-8
8001-35-2
NBR 10004 - Annex E TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Identification codeSubstance
CAS-Chemical Abstract Substance
Chlordane4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-
DDTBenzene, 1,1′-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis[4-chloro-
LindaneCyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-,(1alpha,2alpha,3beta,4alpha,5alpha,6beta)
Benzene, pentachloro-
Mercury
U036
U061
U129
U183
U151
50-29-3
58-89-9
608-93-5
7439-97-6
57-74-9
NBR 10004 - Annex G Limits for solubilizing test
Contaminant Maximum limit on leachate ( mg/L)
Aldrin and dieldrin
Barium
Cadmium
Lead
Chromium - total
Fluoride
Mercury
3,0 x 10-5
0,7
0,005
0,01
0,05
1,5
0,001
HAZARDOUS WASTES FROM NON-SPECIFIC SOURCES
(Annex A – F coded wastes)•Sludge and wastes from production or manufacturing or use or discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra- or pentachlorophenol – F020, F021 and F027
•Other dioxin containing wastes listed: F022, F023, F026 and F028•Petroleum refinery primary oil/water/solids separation sludge -F037 and F038
•Asbestos F041
•Lead based batteries F042
•Discarded vapour mercury lamps F044•PCBs containing wastes F100•Oily wastes F130, F230, F330 and F430
SOLID WASTES- NBR 10004/2004
ANNEX C - Hazardous Constituents
POPs - listed unintended by-products
substance CAScommon name Chemical Abstract
Substance…Octachlorodibenzofuran(OCDF) 39001-02-0Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) 3268-87-9
Waste characterization procedure guidelines
Pre‐characterizationbased on known origin and considering :
– data bank– raw materials and products – main waste constituents – potential pollutants(substances from NBR 10004’s Annex C, POPs, controlled materials)
Analysis, parameters, tests, and determination purposes ( legislation compliance – disposal ‐...)
example: Foundryraw materialcooper zinc coal
– Caracterização de resíduos- Elvira Lídia Straus
scrap
Cooper scrap powdered cooper scrap
wastes generated
Contaminated soilsand
unknown originwastes
sampling – sampling plan collection point, sample type, sample number, preservation...
simple samplecompound sample‐ quartering
Classification report NBR 10004
a classification report could be based exclusively on origin identification, for specific source and non‐specific source wastes listed on annex A or B. classification report has to include waste origin, segregation process and criteria for analysis if laboratory determinations, tests and analysis results are provided.
classification procedure comments
• is the origin – known?• is the waste presumpted as hazardous waste?• is the waste listed? (specific or non-specific sources) – codes F or K • is the waste a commercial discarded product or an empty container of any
substance listed in Annex D or E?• is the waste a mixture of a listed hazardous waste?• does the waste exhibits any of the hazardous characteristics: flammability,
corrosivity, reactivity, pathogenicity or toxicity• is the waste a known hazardous waste?• which are the hazard characteristics of the waste? • is generator interested in determining if the nonhazardous waste is inert?
GENERATOR RESPONSIBILITIES
• IDENTIFICATION OF ALL WASTES GENERATED
QuantifyCharacterizeClassify
• MANAGE WASTES ACCORDING TO A COLLECTION, HANDLING AND STORAGE SYSTEM PLAN THAT MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND CONTAMINATION RISKS
• TRANSPORT AND DISPOSE WASTES IN COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL AGENCY REGULATIONS IN APPROVED WASTE DISPOSAL SITES
WASTE TRACKING
image source http://ww.gov.bc.ca
WASTE MANAGEMENTSEGREGATION
• MAGNIFIES THE WASTE QUALITY CONTRIBUTING TO THE POTENTIAL RECOVERY AND RECYCLING OF WASTES STREAMS; • CROSS CONTAMINATION OF DIFFERENT WASTES AND INCOMPATIBLE WASTES MIXTURE AND UNDESIRABLE EFFECTS CAN BE AVOIDED; • REDUCES WASTE VOLUME FOR TREATMENT OR DISPOSAL;• CAN BE IMPLEMENTED IN SHORT TERM .
UNAPPROPRIATE WASTE STORAGE
WASTE STORAGE IDENTIFICATION
Collector
Mercury : G collectors examples
Source: IBP
thermometers collector
Source: Paulo Fernandes - SDM do Brasil
TRANSPORTATION of POPs CONTAINING WASTE -
POPs
7. HANDLING AND STORAGE7.1 Precautions for safe handlingAvoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vaporsor mist. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilitiesStore in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dryand well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage7.3 Specific end usesno data available
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
TREATMENT
• Hazardous characteristics• Physical properties • Chemical characteristics• Biological characteristics
WASTE TREATMENT
PURPOSES:
• HAZARDOUS POLLUTANT ELIMINATION OR REDUCTION – example – triple washing for empty pesticide containers
• PRE-TREATMENT FOR MEETING LANDFILL DISPOSAL REQUIREMENTS –example – dewatering wastes –( liquid wastes – both hazardous or non-hazardous are not accepted in landfill);
• RECOVERABLE MATERIAL SEPARATION – examples - lubricating oil treatment for oil recovery, solvent extraction
Waste treatment examplesVolume reduction techniques -Evaporating basins
typical bulb eater
Filters
Bulb eater - operator with EPI
lamps receiving procedure
- unpacking - counting - storage
controlled breaking
Source – site: Apliquim Brasil Recicle
Component separation: metal- glass,
mercury powder
Mercury recovery Thermal Desmercurization –Mercury Distillation
Atmospheric emissions control
LABORATORY WASTES TREATMENT REFERENCES
bibliography - chemical Products Treatment
ARMOUR, M. A. (1991) Hazardous Laboratory Disposal Guide, Boca Raton. CRC Press, 464p.•THE INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION INSTITUTE. (1979) Handling and Disposal Manual for Toxic and Hazardous Industrial Chemicals with Toxicity and Hazard Data, Japan.•LEARN, G.; SANSONE E.B. Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory. John Wiley International.•CETESB. Manual de Produtos Químicos – no site de Emergencias Quimicas (chemical emergencies site).
