Chiquitita Spence

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11.3Operations Strategy

11.3.1 Operational Value Drivers

Various relevant operational value drivers have been identified for the Full SaL project. Thesedrivers contribute value to the BHP Billiton business by increasing revenues or reducingoperational costs. The following drivers were identified

! "ncreased copper recovery! #educed water consu$ption! "ncreased process stability! %reater fle&ibility for the $ining operation! #educed copper inventory! Possible treat$ent of hypogene ores

Increased Copper Recovery 's described in (hapter )* the addition of +a(l prior to the agglo$eration stage allows for anincrease in the $etallurgical recovery of copper in sulphide $inerals. The projected increasefro$ ,- /for $i&ed $inerals loaded on the o&ide pad0 and ,1 /for sulphides loaded on thesulphide pad0 to a projected 21 of (u cathode produced corresponds to an 2 to 31increase. This increase in $etallurgical recovery* together with other factors* would contribute toa change fro$ the Lo' 4BP -135 $ining plan to the Lo' 4BP -1356FS $ining plan* whichconsider an increase in copper production fro$ 215 to 27, 8t per year over the ne&t five years*through the e&pansion of e&isting processes or the introduction of new technologies.

Reduced Water Consumption

Sulphides are currently treated by bacterial leaching* resulting in an upper li$it for chlorideconcentrations /9 g:L (l!0 in the sulphide plant solutions. ' portion of the sulphide raffinate ispurged into the PLS o&ides pond* resulting in a volu$etric i$balance in the o&ides plant. Toresolve this i$balance* a fraction of the o&ides raffinate is sent to the du$p leach for evaporation and trapping. "$ple$entation of the Full SaL project will allow for the eli$ination of the purging step* reducing the water consu$ption fro$ 1.-9 to 1.-1 $9 per ton of treated ore.This will help to reduce operating costs* as well as leaving water available for alternative uses.

Increased Process Stability

Sulphides are currently treated through bacterial leaching* where the bacteria $aintain a high

o&idation potential and directly attac8 secondary copper sulphides. However* due to the factthat these are living organis$s* the bacterial process is sensitive to a high nu$ber of variables*including $ineral co$position* te$perature* acidity* i$purities* and dissolved o&ygen. Theaddition of +a(l to the process results in a change fro$ a bacterial to a che$ical leachingprocess* which is less sensitive to the previously $entioned variables This results in higher stability and control* and ulti$ately in greater availability and operational fle&ibility.



reater !le"ibility #or t$e %ining Operation

;nder the Full SaL project operational sche$e* the significance of a sulphide!rich ore poc8etappearing during an o&ide ca$paign* and vice!versa* is reduced* as the treat$ent sche$e issi$ilar and independent of the bacterial action. This will lift so$e of the restrictions of thee&traction plan in the short ter$* increasing operational fle&ibility of the $ine and reducing thecosts of re!handling ore. "n addition* reduction of the heap leach height could eventually allowfor treat$ent of $inerals with lower physical <ualities that are currently $i&ed or discarded. Reduced Copper Inventory in Process

"$ple$entation of the Full SaL project allows for a reduction in both the stac8ing height /fro$,.7 to 5.1 $0 and leaching cycle /fro$ 511 to -51 days0* resulting in a reduction in copper inventory in the heap leach.

Possible &reatment o# 'ypogene %inerals

The =inera Spence %rowth 4ption /S%40 project will be i$ple$ented in -13>. This projectincludes a new >7 8tpd concentration plant and the use of the e&isting leaching plant to treat the=inera Spence hypogene $inerals /(py leach0. The (py Leach is a leaching process that useshigh concentrations of chloride ions. The Full SaL project is the transition into hypogene*facilitating process de$onstration* lowering i$ple$entation and reducing additional ('P?@ oni$ple$entation.

11.3.( Operational P$ilosop$y

The Full SaL project i$ple$entation does not significantly i$pact the current operationalphilosophy at the various =inera Spence process areas* and only re<uire $odificationsassociated with the incorporation of the new syste$s into the process. The philosophypresented in this section includes the following

! (hanges to the $ining operational philosophy! 4perational philosophy of the salt addition syste$ in agglo$eration! 4perational philosophy of the scrubber syste$! =odifications to the leaching operational philosophy! 4perational philosophy of the A3 washing in solvent e&traction

The following figure shows the areas where the operational philosophy should be $odified or incorporated into the =inera Spence process.



Figure 33!3+ew and =odified 4perational Philosophies

The operational philosophy for the new operational units included in the Full SaL project ispresented below* and includes a description of relationships with e&isting facilities. Thedescription focuses on the operational steady state* and covers potential situations and thecontrol philosophy associated with each process phase. "n addition* relevant operationalaspects are presented for operation during a batch* a nor$al shut!down* and an e$ergencyshut!down. The description also includes $odifications to operational philosophies in areas thatwill be affected by the Full SaL project.

%ine Operation C$anges

The operational philosophy for the $ine will re$ain as it is currently* but releasing the $ine typerestriction. 'ccording to the Full SaL project operational sche$e* there will be no o&ide or sulphide ca$paigns* e&cept those which will $ainly feed sulphide $inerals. Therefore* it will notbe as i$portant if a bloc8 of sulphides appears during an o&ides ca$paign and vice!versa* asthe treat$ent for o&ides and sulphides is si$ilar.

)aCl *ddition System in *gglomeration



(orresponding to a new syste$ to be incorporated by the Full SaL project* this will allow for theaddition of solid +a(l to the ore on the belt feeders that feed the agglo$eration dru$s.

The operational philosophy is described below.

)ormal Operation

The +a(l co$es fro$ the $anufacturing plant and enters the agglo$eration area in -2!tontruc8s. The truc8s will provide +a(l , days a wee8* 31 hours a day. The truc8s are weighed on a scale when entering and leaving the plant to control the weight of +a(l. 'fter being weighed* the truc8 first enters the escarp$ent area* and then travels to theunloading area* where it is positioned and the $aterial is unloaded onto a radial stac8er /)1!ST!-130. The radial stac8er consists of a feeder and a radial stac8er* and transports the $aterial toa 3*511 ton capacity +a(l stoc8pile. The discharge of salt is authorised by a beacon signallocated in the unloading area* which will operate auto$atically.

The $aterial is re$oved fro$ the stoc8pile using two variable speed belt feeders /)1!F?!-13

and -1-0* which discharge the +a(l onto the salt transport belts /)1!(V!-13 and -1-0. ?achfeeder belt asse$bly feeds an agglo$eration line* discharging the salt over belts )1!(V!112and )1!(V!312* which correspond to agglo$eration lines +3 and +-* respectively. The +a(lsupply syste$ design allows for the independent operation of each belt.

?ach +a(l belt feeder has a weigh $eter /)1!A?!-13 and -1-0* which will define the $ass flowof +a(l added. This flow is established based on the <uantity of $ineral sent to agglo$eration/deter$ined by e&isting weigh $eters )1!A?!11, and 31,0. The addition of +a(l is regulatedas defined in the process design* adjusted to operational conditions* and considers the hu$idityof the $aterial.

"n accordance with Full SaL project design para$eters* the a$ount of +a(l re<uired for $ineral

processing varies between 2 and 37 8g:t* depending on the chloride ion concentration in theraffinate used in agglo$eration. This can be adjusted by the operator fro$ the control roo$.Si$ilarly to the e&isting acid* water* and raffinate addition syste$s* the +a(l control syste$should have both $anual and auto$atic control options. The stoc8pile is renewed once a $onth. "f it beco$es necessary to $ove the load within thestoc8pile area* an e&ternal earth $oving co$pany that has an active contract with =ineraSpence will perfor$ the wor8.

)ormal S$ut+do,n

+or$al shut!downs consist of an auto$atic shut!down* in a se<uential $anner* of one or two of

the +a(l addition lines si$ultaneously* which should be done in conjunction with theagglo$eration plant shut!down.

The ti$e re<uired in the se<uence for the e<uip$ent to re$ain e$pty should be progra$$edand be consistent with the e&isting detention protocols for the current operational shut!downs.The salt addition syste$ should be shut!down when the weigh $eters for the agglo$eration$ineral feed lines indicate less than 71 of the instantaneous tonnage. This value is areference value and should be defined during plant co$$issioning.



-mergency S$ut+do,n

' shut!down in the +a(l addition syste$ will be auto$atically co$$unicated by an alar$ in thecontrol roo$. ;nder these conditions* the syste$ $ay continue to operate for a li$ited ti$e /tobe defined in the ne&t study phase0. 4nce this ti$e li$it has passed* the $ineral feed to theagglo$eration dru$s $ust be stopped* along with the addition of acid* water* and raffinate.

Startup !ollo,ing S$ut+do,n

4nce a visual inspection of the facilities is co$plete* e<uip$ent startup is perfor$ed. Startup of the salt addition syste$ is conducted by interloc8ing the $ineral belt feeder to theagglo$eration dru$s /)1!(V!112 and )1!(V!3120. The syste$ begins to function once the belts

start the operation.

*gglomeration Scrubber System

The Full SaL project includes a gas e&traction syste$ for gases generated by the reaction of concentrated H-S4) and +a(l resulting fro$ the agglo$eration process /$ainly H(l0* for boththe agglo$eration dru$s and the discharge chutes /for belts )1!(V!331* )1!(V!333* and )1!(V!1130. The design includes transport of gases to a scrubber syste$ that uses 'C'S' water andpressurised air to abate the conta$inated gases* transferring the conta$inants fro$ a gaseousstate into a solution. This solution is loaded into a tan8 where the water is re!circulated towardsa wash syste$ and the re$aining solution is transported to the agglo$eration dru$s.

The following figure shows the sche$atic of the process. Figure 33! - Scrubber Syste$ Sche$atic



)ormal Operation

The gases captured in agglo$eration and chutes are transported by ducts towards thee&pansion cha$ber. Before entering* inline flow $easure$ents are ta8en. The flow of gasesentering the scrubber syste$ depends on the ventilation draft of the gases and the flow of washwater entering the syste$.

The pH of the conta$inated solution is analysed inline and the reading is set with the flow $eter for discharge water and the 'C'S' water flow. Ahen the pH is less than 3* the solution isauto$atically discharged and the syste$ is reset with 'C'S' water until the pH is above 3. Thisoperation can be continuous or discrete* depending on the characteristics and the volu$e of treated gases.

The no$inal flow entering the scrubber is 3>*711 +$ 9:h and can operate with one or twofunctioning agglo$erators* as each gas collection syste$ has a da$per that can be opened or closed according to re<uire$ents.

)ormal S$ut+do,n

The nor$al shut!down includes the auto$atic shut!down of the scrubber syste$ and should becoordinated with agglo$eration plant shut!down procedures. The e<uip$ent should be shut!down appro&i$ately 31 $inutes after the shut!down of the agglo$eration dru$s. This ti$evalue is referential and should be specified during plan co$$issioning.

-mergency S$ut+do,n



"n case of a gas scrubbing syste$ failure* the addition of salt should be auto$atically stopped*lin8ed through the control syste$. ' control $easure or $itigation action $ust be ta8en to avoidthe inhalation of gases during the lapse of $ineral discharge* for the $ineral re$aining in theagglo$erator.

Startup #ollo,ing S$utdo,n

Following visual inspection of the facilities* the e<uip$ent can be started up. The scrubber syste$ startup begins when sulphuric acid enters the agglo$eration dru$s. The e<uip$ent isinterloc8ed with the acid addition valves.

eac$ing %odi#ications

The transport of agglo$erated ore toward the sulphide heap leach will be conducted usinge&isting e<uip$ent* in accordance with the current operational philosophy. (hanges* including achange in the height of the heap leach /to 5 $eters0 and a decrease in leaching cycle ti$e inthe sulphide heap leaching /to -21 days0* will be incorporated.

"n addition* a sulphide raffinate bleed to the PLS pond or an o&ide raffinate bleed to the du$pleach will not be re<uired. ;nder the Full SaL project* it is not necessary to evaporate and:or trap water in the du$p.

's the e<uilibriu$ solutions for the Full SaL project will have concentrations of 21 to >1 g:Lchloride* all $etallic ele$ents /pu$ps* distributors* spools* valves* etc.0 in the sulphide circuitwill be changed for grade 3- titaniu$ stainless!steel. "n addition* visual inspections of $etallicele$ents in the leaching lines will be conducted $ore fre<uently* to identify any trace of corrosion and:or lea8age. Special attention will be placed on the new i$pulsion pu$ps* on the

spools* and other $etallic co$ponents.

Solvent -"traction W1 Was$er

The =inera Spence solvent e&traction /S@0 plant currently operates with four trains in a parallelconfiguration /Trains '* B* (* and C0. Cue to the increase in chloride ions in the solutionsresulting fro$ the addition of +a(l* a new washing stage /in addition to the e&isting A3 syste$0and P4( buffer tan8 is re<uired* as shown in the figure below.

Figure 33!9S@ Bloc8 Ciagra$ by Train



Ahere

LS3 Aaste water fro$ A!3LS- Aaste water fro$ A!-L?3 Fresh water to A!3 /'C'S'0L?- Fresh water to A!- /F('B0

'S Sulphuric acid?P Poor electrolyte?# #each electrolyte4( Loaded organic phase

4C ;nloaded organic phaseC '<ueous discharge to ?!- and ?!3PTD 4rg 4rganic tan8A3 +ew organic washA!- (urrent organic wash

)ormal Operation

The e<uip$ent associated with the new A3 Aasher functions auto$atically and should be$onitored by the shift operator. The organic charge fro$ the e&isting tan8 /TD 4.(.0 is transported toward the new A3 washing

stage by pu$ps 171!PP!311 to 31- /two operational and one stand!by0. This flow is $easuredinline and the operating point is set by the shift operator fro$ the control roo$* ta8ing intoconsideration the organic:a<ueous process conditions that should e&ist for proper plantoperation.

"n the A3 stage* the organic load is put into contact with acidified water /$i& of 'C'S' water*electrolyte poor solution* and sulphuric acid0* washing the organic and decreasing the chlorideion concentration and other i$purities in the organic load. The flows of 'C'S' water*electrolyte poor solution* and sulphuric acid are $easured using flow $etres* and the control



valves are regulated according to the level in the decanter of the new A3 washing stage. Thecontrol loop is set by the operator depending on process conditions.

4nce the organic and a<ueous solutions area separated in the A3 decanter* the a<ueousportion is re!circulated towards the pri$ary $i&er of this phase of the wash /C4P0* while theflow fro$ the discarded washed water is sent to the sulphide raffinate pond or to the weir for the

organic re!e&traction ES phase* and the flow of organic washed is transported by gravity to thefirst wash organic buffer tan8 /P4(0.

The flow of organic phase fro$ the P4( is sent gravitationally toward the A!- washing stage.This is where the flow of organic load is deter$ined. The discarded a<ueous solution fro$ theP4( is re$oved using pu$ps 171!PP!-13 and -1- /one operational and one stand!by0.

A3 washer e<uip$ent includes a waste e&traction syste$ that uses diaphrag$ pu$ps. Toverify the A3 stage is functioning correctly* the Full SaL project has included an inline analysisof chloride ions in the flow lines LS3* LS-* and ?#. The syste$ has the ability to $easure other lines* which should be analysed during the ne&t project phase.

)ormal S$utdo,n

Scheduled shutdowns for the A3 stage should include closing the valves where the loadedorganic* 'C'S' water* electrolyte poor solution* and sulphuric acid enter the syste$. Aithrespect to discharge fro$ the P4( tan8* the loaded organic valve at A!- should be closed andthe a<ueous solutions pu$ps should be shutdown.

-mergency S$utdo,n

"n the case of an e$ergency shutdown* procedures for nor$al shutdown should be followed*with additional steps to be defined during the ne&t project phase. 4bviously* e$ergency alar$sshould be activated.

Startup #ollo,ing S$utdo,n

Following visual inspection of the facilities* the e<uip$ent can be started up. Startup of the A3washing e<uip$ent /assu$ing it is loaded0 will begin with use of the $i&ers and the adjust$entof sulphuric acid and 'C'S' water flowing into the syste$.

11.3.3 Operational Re/uirements and Issues

Curing the Selection Phase /SPS0* various activities were conducted to deter$ine current=inera Spence processing plant status* along with operational re<uire$ents and relevantissues.

The $ain activities that allow for the definition of these re<uire$ents include ! Business ris8 wor8shop! HS?( ris8 wor8shop! Site visits and! =eetings with operations and $aintenance personnel



The re<uire$ents of the sta8eholders* including operations* were established in the State$entof #e<uire$ents /So#0 developed during the SPS* and correspond to engineering and H'G4Pdefinitions* as follows

-ngineering

! "t will evaluate* design* and esti$ate costs of all planned $odifications for the Full SaLproject.

! Cefine the e<uip$ent to be used by the project.! Participate in a H'G4P wor8shop.! Participate in a constructability wor8shop.! ?nsure the correct energising of the affected electrical roo$s.! ?nsure the construction phase is developed as planned* fulfilling the scope and

e&pectations of 8ey project sta8eholders.

'*0OP *nalysis

! Security syste$s* co$$unication protocols* barriers* bloc8ing /$echanical and electrical0*

and startup protocols will be defined.! "te$s re<uired for a safe and reliable operation will be defined.

The following additional considerations are included in the So#

!acility %aintenance 'andling and Support

! "nclude a bac8up power syste$ for any power failure* also bac8ing up cards associatedwith the co$$unication and control syste$s* entrance and e&it signals* andinstru$entation.

! Planned e<uip$ent and instru$entation $aterials should be sufficient to resist operationalconditions* including chloride and acid* dust* and place$ent environ$ent.

! 'll installed e<uip$ent $ust have the space re<uired for $aintenance and operation* inaccordance with the BHP Billiton Fatal #is8 (ontrol Standards /%LC.131 Fatal #is8(ontrols0.

Occupational 'ealt$ and Sa#ety

! "ncorporate control $easures identified in the H'G4P analysis! ;pdate wor8 procedures for affected areas

! ;pdate '#T /ob #is8 'nalysis0 for affected areas! ?nsure that all new designs allow for a safe job

-nvironment

! The project tea$ should generate all the re<uire$ents to obtain environ$ental per$its.

Regulations



! #egistration of changes in the S?(* and in other appropriate entities if applicable* shouldbe included to $eet the (hilean Standard.

Duration

! The project should be i$ple$ented in the )th <uarter of -135.

Pro2ect Per#ormance

! The control syste$ for new e<uip$ent should be integrated with the =inera Spence$aster controls.

! The project should be i$ple$ented in accordance with the proposed scheduledproduction in two years.

! ?nsure the availability of the new syste$ in accordance with docu$ent 111B!%C!113*=inera Spence %eneral and Process Cesign (riteria.

"n addition* the Project 4wner Tea$ has included the following

! Field instru$entation should be resistant to conditions associated with the process/chloride* dust* acidic solutions0.! ?nsure that $aterial selection for the new process conditions is ade<uate* including

operation of the solvent e&traction and agglo$eration areas.! ?nsure the electrical e<uip$ent* including panels* plugs* and piping e&posed to

environ$ental conditions* is specified for the installation area /degree of protection0.! ?nsure that the platfor$s and railings e&posed to environ$ental conditions are painted

with $aterials suitable for the area.! ?nsure that installed e<uip$ent is provided with all the ele$ents re<uired to $aintain and

operate in accordance with the fatal ris8 control standards identified in the corresponding%LC.

! ?nsure the proper operation of -98V /overhead lines0 insulators in the agglo$eration

area* which could be conta$inated or da$aged by the salt* by scheduled washing of thelines at least once a $onth.! "nclude protections on both sides of the conveyor belts to protect the $oving parts.! ?nsure access to all areas affected by the project through e&isting roads.! ?nsure that the scrubber floor has a slope* to $ini$ise potential spills.

11.3. )on+Operated 4oint Ventures

The Full SaL project does not include the association of =inera Spence with another co$panyfor the develop$ent and future operation of the project* and therefore* strictly spea8ing* no joint

ventures of any 8ind will e&ist. However* so$e specific operations that would be subcontracted are detailed below. Theseoperations do not for$ a part of the =inera Spence core business.

Salt Supply

The industrial sodiu$ chloride /+a(l0 would be supplied by an e&ternal solid salt supplyco$pany. The scope of this co$pany will be to transport and du$p salt into the feeder and* in



general* to provide a stable and safe supply of +a(l to the plant* with a purity greater than >2and a grain!siIe of J /3110. "n any case* the $ove$ent of truc8s and cargo weighing will becoordinated by =inera Spence operators according to standard scale procedures.

Specialised %aintenance

Specialised $aintenance of new e<uip$ent and:or facilities* when re<uired* will be perfor$edby a third!party with the 8now!how and e&pertise re<uired. =inera Spence can also count onthe Vendor support for specific advice on e<uip$ent* under warranties established on thepurchase orders. To date* specialised $aintenance is only considered for the chloride$easure$ent /titrator0 syste$K however* the use of this e<uip$ent will be confir$ed in the ne&tphase.

+on!specialised $aintenance will be the responsibility of the =inera Spence =aintenanceCivision* for which the assigned personnel will be trainned.

Crud 'andling

Treating solutions with high chloride content* and thus a higher density and viscosity than thecurrent solutions* can lead to a substantial increase in the for$ation of crud in the S@ plant.This could re<uire the outsourcing of treat$ent and re$oval of the crud* which will be defined inthe ne&t project phase.

Prior to i$ple$entation of the Full SaL project* re$oval of the $ajority of the e&isting crud isplanned. This will $ini$ise the current drag and update the fre<uencies of crud re$oval in thetrains.

11.3 -strategia de Operaciones

33.9.3 Crivers valor operativo

Varios generadores de valor operacional pertinentes se han identificado para el proyectoco$pleto SaL. ?stos controladores contribuyen valor a la e$presa BHP Billiton por au$entar los ingresos o reducir los costos operacionales. Se identificaron los siguientes controladores

! 'u$ento de la recuperacin de cobre! #educcin del consu$o de agua! ?l au$ento de la estabilidad del proceso! =ayor fle&ibilidad para la operacin $inera

! #educcin de inventarios de cobre! Posible trata$iento de $inerales hipgena

?l au$ento de la recuperacin de cobre

(o$o se describe en el (apMtulo )* la adicin de +a(l antes de la etapa de aglo$eracinper$ite un au$ento en la recuperacin $etalNrgica de cobre en $inerales de sulfuro. ?lau$ento previsto de ,- /para los $inerales $i&tos cargados en la al$ohadilla de &ido0 y,1 /de sulfuros cargados en la platafor$a de sulfuro0 a un proyectado 21 de cOtodo (u



producido corresponde a un au$ento de 2 a 31. ?ste au$ento en la recuperacin$etalNrgica* junto con otros factores* contribuirMa a un ca$bio del plan $inero Lo' 4BP -135 ala 4BP Lo' -135 6 FS plan $inero* <ue consideran un au$ento de la produccin de cobre de215 a 27, 8t por ao durante la pr&i$a cinco aos* a travQs de la e&pansin de los procesose&istentes o la introduccin de nuevas tecnologMas.

#educcin del (onsu$o de 'gua

Sulfuros se tratan actual$ente por li&iviacin bacteriana* resultando en un lM$ite superior paralas concentraciones de cloruro de /9 g : L (l!0 en las soluciones planta de sulfuros. ;na porcindel refinado de sulfuro se purga en el estan<ue de &idos de PLS* lo <ue resulta en undese<uilibrio volu$Qtrico en la planta de &idos. Para resolver este dese<uilibrio* una fraccindel refinado &idos se envMa a la li&iviacin de volcado para la evaporacin y la captura. Laejecucin del proyecto co$pleto SaL per$itirO la eli$inacin de la etapa de purga* reduciendoel consu$o de agua desde 1*-9 hasta 1*-1 $9 por tonelada de $ineral tratado. ?sto ayudarO areducir los costos de operacin* asM co$o dejar agua disponible para usos alternativos.

?l au$ento de la estabilidad de procesos

Sulfuros se tratan actual$ente a travQs de la li&iviacin bacteriana* donde las bacterias$antienen un alto potencial de o&idacin y atacan directa$ente a los sulfuros de cobresecundario. Sin e$bargo* debido al hecho de <ue estos son los organis$os vivos* el procesobacteriano es sensible a un alto nN$ero de variables* incluyendo la co$posicin $ineral*te$peratura* acideI* las i$pureIas* y o&Mgeno disuelto. La adicin de +a(l a los resultados delproceso en un ca$bio de una bacteriana a un proceso de li&iviacin <uM$ica* <ue es $enossensible a las variables $encionadas anterior$ente ?sto se traduce en una $ayor estabilidad ycontrol* y en Nlti$a instancia en una $ayor disponibilidad y fle&ibilidad operativa.

=ayor fle&ibilidad para la 4peracin =inera

Bajo el es<ue$a operativo del proyecto co$pleto SaL* la i$portancia de un bolsillo de $ineralrica en sulfuro <ue aparece durante una ca$paa de &ido* y viceversa* se reduce* ya <ue eles<ue$a de trata$iento es si$ilar e independiente de la accin bacteriana. ?sto levantarOalgunas de las restricciones del plan de e&traccin en el corto plaIo* el au$ento de lafle&ibilidad operativa de la $ina y la reduccin de los costos de $ineral de re!$anipulacin.

'de$Os* la reduccin de la altura de li&iviacin en pilas podrMa eventual$ente per$itir eltrata$iento de $inerales con cualidades fMsicas $Os bajos <ue en la actualidad se $eIclan odescartados. #educcin del inventario de cobre en el Proceso

La ejecucin del proyecto co$pleto SaL per$ite una reduccin tanto en la altura de apila$iento/,*7 a 5*1 $0 y el ciclo de li&iviacin /511 a -51 dMas0* lo <ue resulta en una reduccin en elinventario de cobre en la li&iviacin en pilas. Posible Trata$iento de =inerales hipgena

?l proyecto 4pcin =inera Spence (reci$iento /S%40 se llevarO a cabo en el ao -13>. ?steproyecto incluye una nueva planta de concentracin de >7 8tpd y el uso de la planta de



li&iviacin e&istentes para el trata$iento de los $inerales hipgena =inera Spence /(PRli&iviacin0. La (PR Leach es un proceso de li&iviacin <ue utiliIa altas concentraciones deiones cloruro. ?l proyecto co$pleto Sal es la transicin a hipgena* facilitan la de$ostracin deprocesos* reduccin de i$ple$entacin y reducir gastos de capital adicional en la aplicacin.

11.3.( !iloso#5a de Operaci6n

*ntecedentes enerales

=inera Spence beneficia $inerales o&idados y sulfuros de baja ley de cobre $ediante procesos hidro$etalNrgicos.?l (ircuito de procesa$iento considera un rea Seca /(hancado y 'glo$eracin0 y un rea HN$eda /Li&iviacin*?&traccin por Solventes y ?lectro! 4btencin0. La Planta se divide en las siguientes reas operativas

91 (hancado Pri$ario97 (hancado Secundario y Terciario)1 'glo$eracin)- Li&iviacin)7 Piscinas y $anejo de soluciones71 ?&traccin por solventes /S@051 ?lectro!obtencin /?A0

57 Siste$as au&iliares y reactivos,1 'l$acena$iento y $anejo de Ocido,7 Su$inistro y distribucin de agua

' continuacin* se describirO en detalle el (ircuito para las reas )1 y 71 /con proyecto0 de la planta* considerandola incorporacin de los nuevos siste$as /adicin de sal y lavado de gases en la etapa de aglo$erado y una nuevaetapa de lavado en la planta S@* respectiva$ente0.

Descripci6n del Circuito de Proceso 7rea 8 9con proyecto:

?l $ineral chancado fino proveniente del rea 97 es conducido por una correa transportadora /97!(V!1150 hasta unSilo de 'l$acena$iento /97!B+!1150 <ue opera con - descargas independientes. ?n la pri$era descarga del Silo* el

$ineral es transportado $ediante una correa ali$entadora /)1!F?!1350 hasta su descarga en la correatransportadora )1!(V!112 <ue ali$enta final$ente el Ta$bor 'glo$erador +3 /)1!'C!1130. ?n la segundadescarga del Silo* el $ineral es conducido por la correa ali$entadora )1!F?!137 hasta su descarga en la correa detraspaso )1!(V!31, y final$ente hasta la correa transportadora )1!(V!312 <ue ali$enta el Ta$bor 'glo$erador +-/)1!'C!3110. ?n cada una de las correas transportadoras )1!(V!112 y )1!(V!312 opera un siste$a auto$Otico depesaje de $ineral /pes$etros0 y un siste$a de $uestreo de $ineral /)1!S'!113 y )1!S'!311* respectiva$ente0.

Los ta$bores de aglo$eracin +3 y +- son ali$entados con $ineral* agua de proceso* Ocido sulfNrico y solucinde refino. ?l $ineral proviene del silo de finos* el agua de proceso de la piscina 'C'S'* el Ocido sulfNrico delestan<ue de al$acena$iento de este reactivo y la solucin de refino de las piscinas de refino de las pilas deli&iviacin de &idos y sulfuros de baja ley.

?l ta$bor aglo$erador +3 descarga directa$ente sobre la correa transportadora )1!(V!133 <ue conduce el $ineralaglo$erado hacia el siste$a de apila$iento. ?l ta$bor aglo$erador +- descarga en dos correas de traspaso*pri$ero sobre la correa )1!(V!331 y luego sobre la correa )1!(V!333* esta Nlti$a conduce el $ineral aglo$eradohasta la correa transportadora colectora )1!(V!133 <ue va a apila$iento.

(ircuito =odificado

?l proyecto Full SaL incorpora las siguientes $odificaciones al circuito actual del Orea de aglo$eracin

• 'dicin de sal slida /+a(l0• Siste$a de lavado de gases

*dici6n de Sal 9)aCl:

Se incorpora un siste$a de adicin de sal slida /+a(l0 a la corriente de $ineral fino. La sal es su$inistrada enca$iones tolva de -2 toneladas de capacidad <ue descargan el insu$o en un apilador radial /)1!=H!-130 <ue



transporta la sal hasta un acopio /)1!SP!-130 de ,.911 toneladas totales y 3.511 toneladas vivas. ?n el fondo deacopio operan dos tolvas /)1!B+!-13-1-0 <ue descargan la sal a dos correas ali$entadoras de velocidad variable/)1!='!-13-1-0. ?l pri$er ali$entador /)1!='!-130 descarga en la correa transportadora de sal /)1!(V!-130 <ueconduce el $aterial hasta la correa transportadora de $ineral )1!(V!112. ?l otro ali$entador del acopio de sal /)1!='!-1-0 descarga en la correa transportadora )1!(V!-1- <ue conduce la sal hasta la correa de traspaso de $ineral)1!(V!31,. Para el control de polvo* las correas transportadoras de sal cuentan con siste$as de rocMo de agua/spray noIIles0. Se define una dosificacin de sal /diseo0 de 2 8g +a(l : t $ineral.

Sistema de avado de ases

La $eIcla de $ineral* Ocido sulfNrico y sal dentro de los ta$bores de aglo$eracin genera gases <ue contienenbOsica$ente aire* vapor de agua* di&ido de carbono* Ocido sulfNrico* Ocido clorhMdrico y arrastres de refino. ?ldiseo incluye un siste$a de captacin y abati$iento de los gases capturados en la descarga de los ta$bores y enlas correas colectoras de $ineral aglo$erado.

Los gases son conducidos $ediante un siste$a de ductos hasta un lavador tipo Venturi /)1!'B!-130 ingresando por la Iona inferior del e<uipo en direccin ascendente. ?n la Iona superior del lavador opera un siste$a de inyeccinde agua a presin /spray noIIles0 <ue adiciona agua en contracorriente. ?n la Iona inter$edia se produce el lavadode los gases generando dos productos /a0 un gas li$pio <ue asciende y pasa por un siste$a de filtros hasta unachi$enea <ue lo envMa a la at$sfera y /b0 una solucin de lavado /efluente0 <ue descarga por el fondo del lavador hacia un estan<ue /)1!TD!-130 <ue opera con dos pares de bo$bas de recirculacin /)1!PP!-13-1- y )1!PP!-19-1)0. ?ste estan<ue cuenta con inyeccin de agua fresca y con una desviacin o purga de los f lujos saturadosen conta$inantes hacia los ta$bores de aglo$eracin.

?n la Figura 33.9.3* se presenta un es<ue$a general del Orea )1 de aglo$eracin* <ue incluye el nuevo siste$a deadicin de sal y el siste$a de lavado de gases.

La ejecucin del proyecto co$pleto SaL no afecta significativa$ente la filosofMa operacionalactual en los diferentes Oreas de proceso =inera Spence* y slo re<uiere $odificacionesasociadas a la incorporacin de los nuevos siste$as en el proceso. La filosofMa se presenta enesta seccin se incluyen los siguientes

! (a$bia a la filosofMa operacional $inera! La filosofMa operacional del siste$a de adicin de sal en aglo$eracin

! La filosofMa operacional del siste$a de lavado! =odificaciones en la filosofMa operativa de li&iviacin! La filosofMa operacional del lavado A3 en la e&traccin con disolventes

La siguiente figura $uestra las Oreas en las <ue la filosofMa operativa debe estar $odificados oincorporados en el proceso de =inera Spence.



Figura 33!3 nuevos y $odificados filosofMas operativas

La filosofMa operativa de las nuevas unidades operativas incluidas en el proyecto co$pleto SaLse presenta a continuacin* e incluye una descripcin de las relaciones con las instalaciones

e&istentes. La descripcin se centra en el estado de e<uilibrio operacional* y cubre lassituaciones posibles y la filosofMa de control asociado a cada fase del proceso. 'de$Os* losaspectos operativos relevantes se presentan para el funciona$iento durante un lote* unapagado nor$al* y una parada de e$ergencia. La descripcin ta$biQn incluye $odificaciones alas filosofMas operativas en las Oreas <ue se verOn afectadas por el proyecto co$pleto SaL.

%ina Operaci6n Cambios



La filosofMa operativa de la $ina seguirO siendo co$o lo es actual$ente* pero la liberacin de larestriccin de tipo $ina. Ce acuerdo con el plan operativo del proyecto co$pleto S'L* no habrOca$paas de &ido o sulfuro* e&cepto a<uellos <ue ali$entarOn principal$ente $inerales desulfuro. Por lo tanto* no va a ser tan i$portante si un blo<ue de sulfuros aparece durante unaca$paa de &idos y viceversa* co$o el trata$iento de &idos y sulfuros es si$ilar.

Sistema de adici6n de )aCl en *glomeraci6n

(orrespondiente a un nuevo siste$a para ser incorporada por el proyecto co$pleto Sal* estoper$itirO la adicin de +a(l slido al $ineral en los ali$entadores de cinta <ue se ali$entan losta$bores de aglo$eracin.

La filosofMa operativa se describe a continuacin.

Operaci6n )ormal

?l +a(l proviene de la planta de fabricacin y entra en la Iona de aglo$eracin en losca$iones de -2 toneladas. Los ca$iones proporcionarOn +a(l , dMas a la se$ana* 31 horas aldMa. Los ca$iones son pesados en una balanIa al entrar y salir de la planta para controlar el pesode +a(l. CespuQs de ser pesado* el ca$in entra pri$ero la Iona escarpa* y luego viaja a laIona de descarga* donde se coloca y el $aterial es descargado en un apilador radial /)1!ST!-130. ?l apilador radial se co$pone de un ali$entador y un apilador radial* y transporta el$aterial a un 3.511 toneladas de capacidad +a(l e&istencias. La descarga de sal estOautoriIado por una seal de baliIa situada en la Iona de descarga* <ue funcionarOauto$Otica$ente.

?l $aterial se retira de la reserva utiliIando dos ali$entadores de cinta de velocidad variable/)1!F?!-13 y -1-0* <ue descarga el +a(l sobre las cintas de transporte de sal /)1!(V!-13 y-1-0. (ada conjunto de cinturn de ali$entador ali$enta una lMnea de aglo$eracin* ladescarga de la sal sobre las correas )1!(V!112 y )1!(V!312* <ue corresponden a laaglo$eracin lMneas + 3 y + -* respectiva$ente. ?l diseo del siste$a de su$inistro de+a(l per$ite la operacin independiente de cada correa. (ada ali$entador de correa +a(l tiene un $etro pesaje /)1!A?!-13 y -1-0* <ue definirO el flujode $asa de +a(l aadido. ?ste flujo se establece en base a la cantidad de $ineral enviado a laaglo$eracin /deter$inado por $etros e&istentes pesan )1!A?!11, y 31,0. La adicin de +a(lse regula co$o se define en el diseo del proceso* ajustado a las condiciones operativas* yconsidera la hu$edad del $aterial.

Ce acuerdo con los parO$etros de diseo del proyecto co$pleto Sal* la cantidad de +a(lnecesaria para el procesa$iento de $inerales varMa entre 2 y 37 8g : t* dependiendo de laconcentracin de iones cloruro en el refinado utiliIado en la aglo$eracin. ?sto se puedeajustar por el operador de la sala de control. Ce $anera si$ilar a la e&istente Ocido* agua* ysiste$as de adicin de refinado* el siste$a de control +a(l debe tener a$bas opciones decontrol $anual y auto$Otico.



La reserva se renueva una veI al $es. Si se hace necesario para $over la carga dentro delOrea de e&istencias* una e$presa de $ovi$iento de tierra e&terno <ue tiene un contrato vigentecon =inera Spence llevarO a cabo el trabajo.

Cierre normal

+or$ales paradas consisten en un apagado auto$Otico* de una $anera secuencial* de una odos de las lMneas de adicin de +a(l si$ultOnea$ente* lo <ue se debe hacer en conjunto con laplanta de aglo$eracin de apagado. ?l tie$po re<uerido en la secuencia para el e<uipo per$aneIca vacMo debe ser progra$ado yser co$patible con los protocolos de detencin e&istentes para las actuales paradas operativas.?l siste$a de adicin de sal debe ser cerrado hacia abajo cuando el pesaje $etros de laslMneas de ali$entacin de $ineral de aglo$eracin indican $enos del 71 del tonelajeinstantOnea. ?ste valor es un valor de referencia y debe definirse durante la puesta en $archade la planta.

Parada de emergencia

;n apagado en el siste$a de adicin de +a(l se co$unicarO auto$Otica$ente por una alar$aen la sala de control. ?n estas condiciones* el siste$a puede seguir funcionando por un tie$poli$itado /a definir en la siguiente fase del estudio0. ;na veI transcurrido este plaIo* laali$entacin de $ineral a los ta$bores de aglo$eracin debe ser detenida* junto con la adicinde Ocido* agua y refinado.

Puesta en marc$a tras S$ut+do,n

;na veI <ue una inspeccin visual de las instalaciones es co$pleta* se realiIa el arran<ue dele<uipo. Puesta en $archa del siste$a de adicin de la sal se lleva a cabo por el ali$entador decorrea de enclava$iento $ineral a los ta$bores de aglo$eracin /)1!(V!112 y )1!(V!3120. ?l

siste$a co$ienIa a funcionar una veI <ue los cinturones de iniciar la operacin.

*glomeraci6n Sistema Depurador

?l proyecto co$pleto SaL incluye un siste$a de e&traccin de gas para los gases generadospor la reaccin de H-S4) concentrado y +a(l resultante del proceso de aglo$eracin/principal$ente H(l0* tanto para los ta$bores de aglo$eracin y los conductos de descarga/por correas )1!(V!331* )1! (V!333* y el )1!(V!1130. ?l diseo incluye el transporte de losgases a un siste$a de lavado <ue utiliIa agua 'C'S' y aire a presin para dis$inuir los gasesconta$inados* la transferencia de los conta$inantes de un estado gaseoso en una solucin.?sta solucin se carga en un tan<ue donde el agua es recirculada hacia un siste$a de lavado yla solucin restante se transporta a los ta$bores de aglo$eracin.

La siguiente figura $uestra el es<ue$a del proceso.

Figura 33! - Scrubber ?s<ue$a del siste$a



Operaci6n )ormal

Los gases capturados en la aglo$eracin y tolvas son transportadas por los conductos hacia lacO$ara de e&pansin. 'ntes de entrar* se to$an $edidas de flujo en lMnea. ?l flujo de los gases

<ue entran en el siste$a de lavado depende de la proyecto de la ventilacin de los gases y elflujo de agua de lavado <ue entra en el siste$a.

?l pH de la solucin conta$inada se analiIa en lMnea y la lectura se ajusta con el $edidor deflujo para el agua de descarga y el flujo de agua 'C'S'. (uando el pH es $enor <ue 3* lasolucin se descarga auto$Otica$ente y el siste$a se resetea con agua 'C'S' hasta <ue elpH estO por enci$a de 3. ?sta operacin puede ser continua o discreta* dependiendo de lascaracterMsticas y el volu$en de gases tratados.

?l flujo no$inal al depurador es 3>.711 +$9 : h y puede operar con uno o dos aglo$eradoresde funciona$iento* ya <ue cada siste$a de recogida de gas tiene un a$ortiguador <ue puedeser abierta o cerrada segNn los re<uisitos.

Cierre normal

?l apagado nor$al incluye el apagado auto$Otico del siste$a de lavado y debe coordinarsecon procedi$ientos de parada de planta de aglo$eracin. ?l e<uipo debe ser cerrado haciaabajo* apro&i$ada$ente 31 $inutos despuQs del cierre de los ta$bores de aglo$eracin. ?stevalor de tie$po es referencial y se debe especificar durante la puesta en $archa del plan.

Parada de emergencia

?n caso de un fallo del siste$a de lavado de gases* la adicin de sal debe detenerseauto$Otica$ente* enlaIados a travQs del siste$a de control. ;na $edida de control o $edidas

de $itigacin deben to$ar $edidas para evitar la inhalacin de gases durante el lapso dedescarga de $ineral* por el $ineral <ue <ueda en el aglo$erador.

Puesta en marc$a despu;s de la descone"i6n

Tras la inspeccin visual de las instalaciones* el e<uipo puede ser puesta en $archa. ?l iniciodel siste$a depurador co$ienIa cuando el Ocido sulfNrico entra en los ta$bores deaglo$eracin. ?l e<uipo estO interconectado con las vOlvulas de adicin de Ocido.



i"iviaci6n %odi#icaciones

?l transporte de $ineral aglo$erado hacia el $ontn de li&iviacin de sulfuro se lleva a caboutiliIando el e<uipo e&istente* de acuerdo con la filosofMa operacional actual. Los ca$bios*incluyendo un ca$bio en la altura de la pila de li&iviacin /5 $etros0 y una dis$inucin en eltie$po de ciclo de li&iviacin en la li&iviacin de sulfuros $ontn /-21 dMas0* se incorporarOn.

'de$Os* un refinado sulfuro de sangrar al estan<ue PLS o un refinado &ido de sangrar a lali&iviacin de volcado no serO necesario. ?n el $arco del proyecto co$pleto Sal* no esnecesario para evaporar y : o tra$pa de agua en el vertedero.

(o$o las soluciones de e<uilibrio para el proyecto co$pleto SaL tendrOn concentraciones de21 a >1 g : L de cloruro* todos los ele$entos $etOlicos /bo$bas* distribuidores* bobinas*vOlvulas* etc.0 en el circuito de sulfuro se ca$biarOn para el grado 3- de titanio de aceroino&idable . 'de$Os* las inspecciones visuales de los ele$entos $etOlicos en las lMneas de

li&iviacin se llevarOn a cabo con $Os frecuencia* para identificar cual<uier rastro de corrosin y: o fugas. Se prestarO especial atencin a las nuevas bo$bas i$pulsivas* en los carretes yotros co$ponentes $etOlicos.

-"tracci6n por Solventes W1 avadora

La e&traccin por solventes /S@0 Planta de =inera Spence opera actual$ente con cuatro trenesen una configuracin en paralelo /trenes '* B* ( y C0. Cebido al au$ento en iones de cloruro enlas soluciones resultantes de la adicin de +a(l* una nueva etapa de lavado /en adicin alsiste$a e&istente A30 y el tan<ue ta$pn P4( se re<uiere* co$o se $uestra en la siguientefigura.

Figura 33!9 S@ Ciagra$a de blo<ues por Tren

Conde



LS3 el desperdicio de agua de A!3LS- el desperdicio de agua de A!-L?3 'gua dulce a A!3 /'C'S'0L?- 'gua dulce de A- /F('B0

'S ?l Ocido sulfNrico

?P Pobre electrolito?# #each electrolito4( (argado fase orgOnica4C ;nloaded fase orgOnicaC la descarga acuosa a ?!- y ?!3PTD 4rg tan<ue 4rgOnicaA3 +uevo lavado orgOnicaA!- lavado orgOnica actualOperaci6n )ormal

?l e<uipo asociado con las nuevas funciones A3 Lavadora auto$Otica y debe ser supervisadapor el operador de turno.

La carga orgOnica del tan<ue e&istente /TD 4(0 se transporta hacia la nueva etapa de lavadoA3 por $edio de bo$bas 171!PP!311 a 31- /dos operativa y uno stand!by0. ?ste flujo se $ideen lMnea y el punto de funciona$iento es fijado por el operador de desplaIa$iento desde la salade control* teniendo en cuenta las condiciones de proceso orgOnicos : acuosos <ue debene&istir para el funciona$iento apropiado de la planta.

?n la etapa A3* la carga orgOnica se pone en contacto con agua acidificada /$eIcla de agua 'C'S'* electrolito solucin pobre* y Ocido sulfNrico0* el lavado de la orgOnica y la dis$inucinde la concentracin de iones cloruro y otras i$pureIas en la carga orgOnica. Los flujos de agua

'C'S'* electrolito solucin pobre* y el Ocido sulfNrico se $iden utiliIando $edidores de flujo* ylas vOlvulas de control se regularOn de acuerdo con el nivel en el decantador de la nueva etapa

de lavado A3. ?l bucle de control estO configurado por el operador en funcin de lascondiciones del proceso. ;na veI <ue el Orea de soluciones orgOnica y acuosa separada en el decantador A3* laporcin acuosa se recircula hacia la $eIcladora principal de esta fase del lavado /C4P0*$ientras <ue el flujo del agua se lav desechado se envMa al estan<ue de sulfuro de refinado oa la presa de la fase orgOnica re!e&traccin USU* y el flujo de orgOnica se lav es transportadopor gravedad al tan<ue de ta$pn orgOnico pri$er lavado /P4(0.

?l flujo de la fase orgOnica de la P4( se envMa gravitacional$ente hacia la fase de lavado A!-. '<uM es donde se deter$ina el flujo de la carga orgOnica. La solucin acuosa descartada desdeel P4( se retira usando bo$bas de 171!PP!-13 y -1- /una operativa y un stand!by0.

?<uipos de lavado A3 incluye un siste$a de e&traccin de residuos <ue utiliIa bo$bas dediafrag$a. Para verificar el escenario A3 estO funcionando correcta$ente* el proyectoco$pleto SaL ha incluido un anOlisis en lMnea de iones de cloruro en las lMneas de flujo LS3*LS-* y ?#. ?l siste$a tiene la capacidad de $edir otras lMneas* <ue debe ser analiIado durantela siguiente fase del proyecto.

*pagado normal



Paradas progra$adas para la etapa A3 deben incluir el cierre de las vOlvulas en la carganorgOnica* agua 'C'S'* electrolito pobre solucin* y Ocido sulfNrico entrar en el siste$a. (onrespecto a la descarga del tan<ue de P4(* la vOlvula de carga orgOnica en A!- deben ser cerrados y las soluciones acuosas de las bo$bas debe ser apagado.

Paro de -mergencia

?n el caso de una parada de e$ergencia* procedi$ientos de cierre nor$al se deben seguir*con los pasos adicionales <ue se definan en la pr&i$a fase del proyecto. 4bvia$ente* lasalar$as de e$ergencia deben activarse.

Puesta en marc$a despu;s de la descone"i6n

Tras la inspeccin visual de las instalaciones* el e<uipo puede ser puesta en $archa. Puesta en$archa del e<uipo de lavado A3 /suponiendo <ue se carga0 co$enIarO con el uso de los

$eIcladores y el ajuste de Ocido sulfNrico y agua 'C'S' <ue fluye en el siste$a.

11.3.3 Re/uisitos Operacionales y Cuestiones

Curante la Fase de Seleccin /=SF0* se llevaron a cabo diversas actividades para deter$inar elestado actual de la planta de procesa$iento de =inera Spence* junto con los re<uisitosoperacionales y las cuestiones pertinentes.

Las principales actividades <ue per$itan la definicin de estos re<uisitos incluyen ! Taller de riesgo de negocio! Taller sobre los riesgos HS?(

! Las visitas al sitio y! #euniones con personal de operacin y $anteni$iento

Los re<uisitos de las partes interesadas* incluidas las operaciones* se establecieron en laCeclaracin de #e<uisitos /So#0 desarrollados durante el SPS* y corresponden a lasdefiniciones de ingenierMa y H'G4P* de la siguiente $anera

Ingenier5a

! Se evaluarO* diseo* y esti$ar los costos de todas las $odificaciones previstas para elproyecto co$pleto SaL.! Cefinir el e<uipo <ue se utiliIarO en el proyecto.

! Participar en un taller H'G4P.! Participar en un taller de constructibilidad.! %arantiIar la correcta activacin de las salas elQctricas afectadas.! 'segurar la fase de construccin se desarrolla segNn lo previsto* cu$pliendo el alcance y lase&pectativas de las partes interesadas clave del proyecto.

*n<lisis '*0OP



! Siste$as de seguridad* protocolos de co$unicacin* barreras <ue blo<uean los protocolos/$ecOnicos y elQctricos0* y puesta en $archa se definirOn.! Se definirOn ?le$entos necesarios para una operacin segura y confiable. Las siguientes consideraciones adicionales se incluyen en el So#

%antenimiento de instalaciones mane2o y soporte

! "ncluir un siste$a de energMa de reserva para cual<uier falla de energMa* ta$biQn copias deseguridad de las tarjetas asociadas a la co$unicacin y los siste$as de control* seales deentrada y salida* y la instru$entacin.! ?<uipos planificada e instru$entacin $ateriales deben ser suficientes para resistir lascondiciones operativas* incluyendo cloruro y Ocido* polvo* y el $edio a$biente de la colocacin.! Todos los e<uipos instalados debe tener el espacio necesario para el $anteni$iento yfunciona$iento* de confor$idad con las nor$as de control de riesgo fatal de BHP Billiton/%LC.131 controles de riesgo $ortal0.

Salud y Seguridad en el &raba2o

! "ncorporar las $edidas de control identificadas en el anOlisis H'G4P! Los procedi$ientos de actualiIacin de trabajo para las Oreas afectadas! 'ctualiIacin de '#T /'nOlisis de #iesgos del Trabajo0 para las Oreas afectadas! 'segurarse de <ue todos los nuevos diseos per$iten un trabajo seguro

%edio ambiente

! ?l e<uipo del proyecto debe generar todos los re<uisitos para obtener los per$isosa$bientales.

Reglamentos

! ?l registro de los ca$bios en la S?(* y en otras entidades apropiadas en su caso* se debeincluir para cu$plir la +or$a (hilena.

Duraci6n

! ?l proyecto deberO i$ple$entarse en el cuarto tri$estre de -135.

Resultados de los proyectos

! ?l siste$a de control para el nuevo e<uipo debe estar integrado con los controles $aestros=inera Spence.

! ?l proyecto debe ejecutarse de acuerdo con la produccin progra$ada propuesto en dosaos.! 'segurar la disponibilidad del nuevo siste$a* de acuerdo con el docu$ento 111B!%C!113*=inera Spence %eneral y (riterios de diseo de proceso.

'de$Os* el e<uipo del proyecto Propietario ha incluido lo siguiente

! "nstru$entacin de ca$po debe ser resistente a las condiciones asociadas con el proceso/cloruro* polvo* soluciones Ocidas0.



! 'segNrese de <ue la seleccin de $ateriales para las nuevas condiciones de proceso esadecuada* incluyendo el funciona$iento de las Oreas de e&traccin y aglo$eracin dedisolventes.! 'segNrese de <ue el e<uipo elQctrico* incluyendo paneles* enchufes* y las tuberMas e&puestasa las condiciones a$bientales* se especifica para el Orea de instalacin /grado de proteccin0.! 'segNrese de <ue las platafor$as y barandas e&puestas a las condiciones a$bientales estOn

pintadas con $ateriales adecuados para la Iona.! 'segNrese de <ue el e<uipo instalado estO dotado de todos los ele$entos necesarios para$antener y operar de acuerdo con las nor$as de control de riesgos fatales identificadas en lacorrespondiente %LC.! Velar por el correcto funciona$iento de -98V /lMneas aQreas0 los aisladores de la Iona deaglo$eracin* lo <ue podrMa estar conta$inado o daado por la sal* por lavado progra$ado delas lMneas* al $enos* una veI al $es.! "ncluir protecciones en a$bos lados de las cintas transportadoras para proteger las partes$viles.! %arantiIar el acceso a todas las Ionas afectadas por el proyecto a travQs de los ca$inose&istentes.! 'segNrese de <ue el piso lavador tiene una pendiente* para $ini$iIar los derra$es

potenciales.

11.3. )o Operados+4oint Ventures

?l proyecto co$pleto SaL no incluye la asociacin de =inera Spence con otra co$paMa para eldesarrollo y el funciona$iento futuro del proyecto* y por lo tanto* en sentido estricto* e&istirOninguna joint ventures de ningNn tipo. Sin e$bargo* algunas operaciones especMficas <ue serMan subcontratados se detallan acontinuacin. ?stas operaciones no for$an parte de la actividad principal de =inera Spence.

Sal de Suministro

?l cloruro de sodio industrial /+a(l0 serMa su$inistrado por una e$presa de su$inistro de salslida e&terna. ?l alcance de esta e$presa serO de transportar y volcar la sal en el ali$entador y* en general* para proporcionar un su$inistro estable y seguro de +a(l a la planta* con unapureIa superior al >2 y un ta$ao de grano de J U/311 0. ?n cual<uier caso* el $ovi$ientode ca$iones y carga pesada serO coordinado por los operadores =inera Spence de acuerdocon los procedi$ientos estOndar de escala.

%antenimiento -speciali=ado

=anteni$iento especialiIado de nuevos e<uipos y : o instalaciones* cuando sea necesario* sellevarO a cabo por un tercero con el 8now!how y la e&periencia necesaria. =inera Spence

ta$biQn puede contar con el apoyo de proveedores para obtener consejos especMficos sobre ele<uipo* por las garantMas establecidas en las rdenes de co$pra. Hasta la fecha* el$anteni$iento especialiIado slo se considera para la $edicin de cloruro /valorador0 siste$aKsin e$bargo* se confir$ el uso de este e<uipo en la siguiente fase. =anteni$iento no especialiIado estarO a cargo de la Civisin de =anteni$iento de Spence=inera* para lo cual se y capacita al personal asignado.

%anipulaci6n Crud



?l trata$iento de soluciones con alto contenido de cloruro* y por lo tanto una $ayor densidad yla viscosidad de las soluciones actuales* puede conducir a un au$ento sustancial en lafor$acin de crud en la planta de S@. ?sto podrMa re<uerir la e&ternaliIacin de trata$iento yeli$inacin de la capa de basura* <ue se definirO en la siguiente fase del proyecto.

'ntes de la i$ple$entacin del proyecto co$pleto S'L* estO prevista la eli$inacin de la$ayorMa de la capa de basura e&istente. ?sto $ini$iIarO el arrastre actual y actualiIar lasfrecuencias de la eli$inacin de i$pureIas en los trenes.



11. Operations %anagement Plan

11..1 Operations Organisation Structure

"ncorporation of the Full SaL project into the current =inera Spence hydro$etallurgical plant hasal$ost no i$pact on the organisational structure of the agglo$eration* leaching* and S@ areas*as e&plained below.

't the beginning of co$$issioning* two additional positions are planned* one in the salt additionsyste$ and the other in the S@ plant* at the A3 wash phase. These positions will be te$poraryand finish at the end of ra$p!up* unless 4perations re<uests an e&tension and Hu$an#esources approve that re<uest. Table 33!5 presents the additional staff re<uired by the FullSaL project for co$$issioning and ra$p!up.

Table 33!5 'dditional Staffing for (o$$issioning and #a$p!up

Area Operator Staf Unit

Agglomeration

Salt Addition 4 Dry AreaSuperintendent

SX-EW Plant W1 Wash 4Wet Area

Superintendent

The defined staff is based on the fact that the Full SaL project is intensive in ter$s of instru$entation and control* and therefore* additional per$anent staff is not re<uired once theplant is running on steady!state. The responsibilities of the current agglo$eration and S@ plantoperators will be e&pandedK addition duties will include inspection rounds* verification* andcoordination with the control roo$.

4perational training for the new facilities should be included in =inera Spence planning. Theuse of e&perienced operators in the new facilities is reco$$ended* thus leaving the newoperators to run the e&isting facilities.

's for $aintenance* no increase in staff is planned* as the new facilities do not includesophisticated e<uip$ent or a substantial increase of units to $aintain. Therefore* theorganisational structure and staff level will re$ain the sa$e.

11..( Position Descriptions

's stated in the previous section* incorporation of the Full SaL project into the current =ineraSpence hydro$etallurgical plant has only a $inor i$pact on the organisational structure of the

'gglo$eration* Leaching and S@!?A areas. "n fact* the project re<uires the incorporation of twoadditional positions* the per$anence of which will be deter$ined by operations. 4ne positionwill be re<uired in the agglo$eration area* to handle the salt addition to the syste$* and theother position will be in the S@ plant* in the new washing stage.

=inera Spence planning includes operators training. "t is advisable to transfer e&periencedoperators to cover the new facilities* and leave the trainees in the conventional ones.Positions of higher authority and wider scope $aintain their corresponding position descriptions*with $inor changes to establish in the following phase. These positions will be



! Plant Superintendent $aintains current attributes and responsibilities.! 4peration Supervisor sa$e as above* adding the new facilities incorporated by the

project to the scope.! =aintenance Superintendent sa$e as above* adding the new facilities incorporated by

the project to the scope.

"n the case of the operators* the position descriptions should confor$ to the new plantconfiguration* depending on the area affected by the new facilities incorporated by the project.The Leaching area does +4T include an increase in personnel* as no new e<uip$ent will beincorporated.

Salt *ddition Operator

The purpose of this position is to operate the handling and salt addition e<uip$ent* so that theore enter the agglo$eration dru$s with the re<uired sodiu$ chloride content* thus reaching theobjective copper recovery* in accordance with strict <uality and safety regulations.

The Salt 'ddition operator scope is fro$ the salt stoc8pile to the salt chutes discharging ontothe ore entering agglo$eration dru$s. 'dditionally this operator will coordinate traffic andunloading of supplier truc8s.

This operator will start wor8ing at the beginning of the (o$$issioning and will stop wor8ing atthe end of the ra$p!up* unless 4perations re<uests an e&tension and Hu$an #esourcesapproves that re<uest.

(ore 'ccountabilities

The Salt 'ddition operator will be accountable for the following activities

• 4perate according to the (harter* =inera Spence values* Business (onduct* HS? Policy*HS? Standards and wor8ing procedures* as well as pro$ote their co$pliance betweentheir wor8ing tea$.

• 4perate the Salt 'ddition section considering /at least0 perfor$ operational inspections*$easure and assess the operational variables* operate nor$ally* operate in e$ergency*8eep wor8ing place tidy* have good co$$unication with Supervisor* (ontrol #oo$ andtheir peers.

• 4perate and control correct operation of e<uip$ent and facilities of Salt 'ddition section*such as radial stac8er* storage bins* belt feeders* conveyor belts* transfer chutes*weight$eters* etc.

• Be able to reverse process deviations by identifying their causes and ta8e $easures tocorrect the$.

• Be responsible for the Salt 'ddition e<uip$ent and facilities operation and foresee thei$pact of his actions on the global process* loo8ing always for continuous i$prove$ent inthe process perfor$ance.

• +otify to Supervisor any failure in e<uip$ent : facility or process deviation* especially if helac8s 8nowledge or s8ills to fi& the$.

• 4perate according to safety and hygiene BHP Billiton regulations and safe wor8procedures* regardless if they are related to 'gglo$eration area or the rest of the Plant* or have a general subject.



HS? 'ccountabilities

The Salt 'ddition operator will be accountable for the following HS? aspects

• (o$ply with the Business (ardinal #ules in every activity carried out.• Dnow and apply the Fatalities #is8s control procedures* and fa$iliarise with such ris8s.• (o$ply with obligations stated in the 'gglo$eration internal regulation.• (arry out position activities in a correct way and under established safety standards.• Ti$ely identify and notify any incident affecting the standards* goals and:or objectives of

the HS? syste$.• Dnow each and every one of the HS? standards.• (o$ply the following HS? Standards

o #is8s handlingo Health and Hygieneo "ncidents report and investigationo (risis and e$ergency handling

4f course* the Salt 'ddition operator shall be enabled to wor8 in every section of the 'gglo$eration area if re<uired* as he was selected fro$ the current tea$.

The rest of the 'gglo$eration operators $aintain their position descriptions. However they willhave to support the setting up* operation chec8ing* handling and shut down of the %asesAashing syste$* according to the established standards. They will act in accordance with theSal 'ddition operator.

W1 Was$ing Operator

The purpose of this position is to operate the A3 Aashing stages /) trains0* handling e<uip$ent

and facilities efficiently* so as to guarantee a high purity electrolyte* especially assuring a lowchloride level in the electrolyte sent to ?A.

The A3 Aashing operator scope is fro$ the loaded organic tie!in entering A3 stage to thepu$ps sending loaded organic fro$ P4( tan8 to A!-. 'dditionally he will notify as soon aspossible any lac8 of re<uired supplies* such as washing water.

This operator will start wor8ing at the beginning of the (o$$issioning and will stop wor8ing atthe end of the ra$p!up* unless 4perations re<uests an e&tension and Hu$an #esourcesapproves that re<uest.

(ore 'ccountabilities

The A3 Aashing operator will be accountable for the following activities• 4perate according to the (harter* =inera Spence values* Business (onduct* HS? Policy*

HS? Standards and wor8ing procedures* as well as pro$ote their co$pliance betweentheir wor8ing tea$.

• 4perate the A3 Aashing section considering /at least0 perfor$ operational inspections*$easure and assess the operational variables* operate nor$ally* operate in e$ergency*8eep wor8ing place tidy* have good co$$unication with Supervisor* (ontrol #oo$ andtheir peers.



• 4perate and control correct operation of e<uip$ent and facilities of A3 Aashing section*such as valves* $otors* $i&ers* settler* tan8s* pu$ps* piping* flow$eters* fire!fightingsyste$* etc.

• Be able to reverse process deviations by identifying their causes and ta8e $easures tocorrect the$. He will be especially concerned about $aintaining a controlled chloride levelin the electrolytes.

• Be responsible for the A3 Aashing e<uip$ent and facilities operation and foresee thei$pact of his actions on the global process* loo8ing always for continuous i$prove$ent inthe process perfor$ance.

• +otify to Supervisor any failure in e<uip$ent : facility or process deviation* especially if helac8s 8nowledge or s8ills to fi& the$.

• 4perate according to safety and hygiene BHP Billiton regulations and safe wor8procedures* regardless if they are related to A3 Aashing section or a general subject*such as crud handling* reagents handling* etc.

HS? 'ccountabilities

The A3 Aashing operator will be accountable for the following HS? aspects

• (o$ply with the Business (ore #ules in every activity carried out.• Dnow and apply the Fatalities #is8s control procedures* and fa$iliarise with such ris8s.• (o$ply with obligations stated in the S@!?A internal regulation.• (arry out position activities in a correct way and under established safety standards.• "dentify and notify in a ti$ely way any incident affecting the standards* goals and:or

objectives of the HS? syste$.• Dnow each and every one of the HS? standards.• (o$ply the following HS? Standards

o #is8s handling

o Health and Hygieneo "ncidents report and investigationo (risis and e$ergency handling

4f course* the A3 Aashing operator shall be enabled to wor8 in every section of the S@ Plant if re<uired* as he was selected fro$ the current tea$ of this area.

The rest of the S@ operators will $aintain their position descriptions* and they will act inaccordance with the A3 Aashing operator.

11..3 Recruitment &raining and *ssessement

The successful operation of the new Full SaL project facilities depends not only on good projectdesign and i$ple$entation* but re<uires an ade<uate strategy for recruit$ent* training andassess$ent* as discussed below.

Recruitment

(urrent =inera Spence re<uire$ents for contracting operators will be $aintained* in ter$s of educational levels* psychological fitness for the job* etc. The newly e$ployed operators will beallocated to the e&isting agglo$eration and S@ facilities* while the new Full SaL project facilities



will be run by currently e$ployed operators.

's indicated in previous sections* the new facilities will be operated using e&isting* e&periencedpersonnel* and will be replaced by contracted Eapprentice operators included in the costbudget. The new e$ployees will be contracted provisionally* subject to operations feedbac8 atthe end of ra$p!up. The wor8 schedule is as follows

• Salt 'ddition 4perators /) each0 will be recruited fro$ e&isting agglo$eration operations*a position that already understands nor$al operation and will be in a better position tounderstand the effects of the addition of salt into the process and the conse<uences of operational decisions.

• A3 Aash 4perators /) each0 will be recruited fro$ the current S@ plant operators* aposition that already understands nor$al operation and will be in a better position tounderstand the effects of the chloride concentrations and the conse<uences of operationaldecisions regarding the process.

?&tra personnel are not considered for the leaching area* as the activities and responsibilities of the operators will basically re$ain the sa$e* or be even less with the eli$ination of the du$p.

"n any case* operation and $aintenance $ust consider the increased ris8s of corrosionassociated with the presence of high chloride contents.

&raining

The new agglo$eration and S@ plant operators $ust undergo training as per the plan currentlyin effect at =inera Spence* which allows for the efficient and safe operation of e<uip$ent andfacilities.

(urrent operators that will wor8 in the salt addition* scrubber* and:or organic A3 Aash areasshould undergo a special training progra$ that includes* at $ini$u$* the following

• Salt 'ddition operators will receive specialised training provided by eni8e ohansen.• Aash A3 operators will receive specialised training provided by 4utotec.• 'gglo$eration operators /in general0 will receive specialised training provided by the

scrubber e<uip$ent vendor.• 4perators and $aintainers of the Aet 'rea will ta8e a course covering corrosion* specially

focused on the effects of the chloride ion on different $aterial types.• 4perators and $aintainers of the Aet 'rea will ta8e a course reinforcing wet area

operations* focused on the causes!effects of chloride ion concentrations.• 4perators and $aintainers of the Aet 'rea and 'gglo$eration will receive an HS?(

course focused on the ris8s of hydrochloric acid gas and appropriate accident prevention$easures.

*ssessment 'll training courses received by personnel should include a diagnostic test at the start of thecourse* and an assess$ent e&a$ at the end* the latter re<uiring an ade<uate perfor$ance for the position. "f the operator has not ac<uired the re<uired level* additional instruction and asubse<uent assess$ent will be perfor$ed. "f the reassess$ent has negative results* theoperator will continue conducting routine tas8s at the agglo$eration and S@ plant.

To ensure availability of re<uired te$porary staff* consisting of ) operators in Salt 'ddition and )operators in the A3 Aash* 71 $ore personnel are reco$$ended for training in each area.



This will co$pensate for potential dis<ualifications in the final training and provide for replace$ent staff* if re<uired.

"f operations and hu$an resources agree that the Salt 'ddition and A3 Aash operators shouldbe per$anent positions* an assess$ent of these operators should be conducted to increasetheir perfor$ance or return the operators to the conventional facilities in their areas.

11.. 'S-C Strategy #or Ongoing Operations

Sa#ety > 'ealt$

The HS?( Strategy for the Full SaL project has been defined with the objective of guaranteeingthe i$ple$entation of a Gero Ca$age culture* as well as the achieve$ent of the corporationWsre<uire$ents* not only those of BHP Billiton* but also those of =inera Spence* in order to carryout the activities of the operation. The principal objective is Gero Ca$age.

The participation in the $anage$ent of HS?( will co$e about through activities defined by theproject. The participation of personnel and their feedbac8 will be regularly reviewed on anindividual and group basis.

The HS?( objectives can be su$$arised as follows

• Gero fatalities.• Pro$ote the HS?( objectives as a per$anent value in the design of successful planning

and i$ple$entation of Gero Ca$age.• ?li$inate all of the factors that represent ris8s of injury and:or occupational sic8nesses.• =aintain a HS?( leadership role in all of the activities to be carried out.• Provide $otivation to all personnel $e$bers about the regular i$ple$entation of best

HS?( practices.• #eport any HS?( incident following the established protocols.• Protect the life and health of the BHP Billiton e$ployees* contractors and subcontractors

wor8ing on the project and general visitorsK prevent da$age to property* $aterials*supplies and e<uip$ent.• Protect the environ$ent in each one of the points along the project where constructive

and operational processes are developed.• 'void wor8 interruptions due to incidents during engineering* construction and

co$$issioning of the project.• 'dvise the operations area on all of the HS?( topics and carry out $onitoring of

preventative and:or corrective actions that have been detected.

"n agree$ent with the engineering definitions* in the SPS H'G4P wor8shop the following HS?(ris8s are defined as critical* which $eans they should be $anaged through a plan to be

developed in the following phase.



Table 33!3 H'G4P Aor8shop #is8 Su$$ary

Ris?Issue@*spect Ris? -vent Description Causes Control %easure

HS?(#upture of the new wash syste$while $aintenance is ta8ing placeon the ground level.

Syste$ failure

#eview pu$p access.

#estrict access to the area below the $odulesas secondary closure.

"n case of a spill* include a s$ooth concretesub!floor.

HS?(Personnel conducting$aintenance in the vicinity ofoperating e<uip$ent.

#e<uest rescue procedures and other relatednor$al procedure fro$ vendors.

?valuate the $onitoring capabilities for confinedwor8.

HS?(Personnel e&posure to vibrations ?<uip$ent with

very low vibrations

Ceter$ine the level of vibrations that will bee$itted by the new washing syste$ and verifythat this level does not e&pose personnel tohealth and safety ris8.

"n turn* the plan to $anage these ris8s should be developed during the Cefinition phase.

'dditionally* a HS?( ris8s wor8shop was held* with the participation of professionals fro$=inera Spence engineering* $aintenance and operations* where seven $aterial ris8s has beenidentified for the projectK understanding that those with loss where the financial i$pact is greater than or e<ual to X 311 $illion dollars or the organisation considers i$portant for achieving theobjective* strategy and plans. These ris8s can have financial* HS?(* legal* reputational i$pacts*

a$ong others. So$e of the $aterial ris8s identified are included in the table below.

Table 33!- HS?( Aor8shop #is8 Su$$ary

)A Ris? -vent '@S@-@C Sev i? RRR %!

?V) (ontact with hydrochloric acid gas S 31 31 311 1.9

?V7 'ccident of salt transport truc8s S 31 1*9 9 1*9

?V5 =an!$achine interaction S 31 1.9 9 1.9

?V, (ontact with electricity S 31 1.3 3 1.9

?V2 Falls fro$ different levels S 31 3 31 1.9

?V3) ?ntrap$ent S 31 1.3 3 1.9



?V37 (ontact with sulphuric acid S 31 1.3 3 1.9

Cefinition of abbreviations

?V ?vent nu$ber in wor8shopH Health

S Safety

? ?nviron$ent

( (o$$unity

Sev Severity

Li8 Probability

### #esidual ris8 result

=FL =a&i$u$ e&pected loss

For these ris8s* control $easures were established in the wor8shop* so$e of which are alreadyapplied in other projects developed by BHP Billiton and in =inera Spence operations. Thee&isting $easures for each of the identified $aterial ris8s are described in the table below.

Table 33!9 HS?( Aor8shop =aterial #is8 (ontrol =easures

)A Ris? -vent Conte"t -"isting Controls

?V)(ontact withhydrochloric acidgas

Aor8 inagglo$eration area

! To include a scrubber into projectYs scope.

! PP?/Full Face0

! 'ccess restriction

! 4nsite e$ergency shower

! Portable $easure$ent e<uip$ent onsite for H(l

! 4nsite $easure$ent schedule

?V7 'ccident of salttransport truc8s

=ove$ent oftruc8s in salthandling

! 'lternative road use* different fro$ $ain road wherevehicle flow ta8es place today.

! =a&i$u$ speed 71 D$:h

! ;se of escort vehicle for truc8s access to $ine site

?V5=an!$achineinteraction

'll wor8 areas! People:vehicle segregation

! Cedicated par8ing Iones

?V,(ontact withelectricity

=easure$ents inelectricalsubstations andelectricalinstallation chec8s

! Cielectric PP?

! ?lectrically isolated $anoeuvres e<uip$ent and tools

! ?lectrical safety protection devices

! Loc8!out

! (ontrolled:restricted access

! ?$ergency response tea$ onsite.



?V2Falls fro$ differentlevels

Aor8 above - $*or with access toopen borderswhere the potentialto fall e&ists.

! 'nchoring points

! Surface and platfor$ suitable for wor8

! Fall arrest devices

! Aor8 per$its

! Physical!$edical e&a$s for wor8 at physical heights

/opposed to geographic heights0.! Training course for wor8 at physical heights.

?V3) ?ntrap$entAor8 near$achinery

! =oving parts protection

! "solation and loc8!out.

! Pull cords in conveyor belts.

! (ontrolled:restricted access

?V37(ontact withsulphuric acid

Aor8 in theagglo$eration area

! #estricted access to acid e&posure areas.

! PP? /full body suit0

! ?$ergency showers on field.

! 4nline pressure control syste$ /agglo$erator only0! Flange lea8 protection

's part of the HS?( wor8shop* so$e i$prove$ent actions and the relevant people responsiblewere identified* all designed to enhance control of HS?( ris8s in the facilities. Cetails of theseactions can be found on the wor8shop for$s* included in 'ttach$ent of this docu$ent.

-nvironmental

The Full SaL project has defined an environ$ental policy* in order to ensure a culture of environ$ental awareness* and co$pliance with corporate re<uire$ents* both for BHP Billitonand =inera Spence* regarding environ$ental $atters.

"t $ust be $entioned that H(l e$issions to the at$osphere will not be har$ful to people or theenviron$ent* since there will be controls in place to 8eep the$ below the weighted per$issibleli$its /LPP0 identified in CS 7>). However* during the definition phase /CPS0* $echanis$s tocontrol the e$ission of H(l in the agglo$erated ore deposited on the piles prior to irrigationshould be investigated.

'ccording to the infor$ation available and the analysis perfor$ed* the project does not need tobe entered into the environ$ental i$pact assess$ent syste$ /S?"'0 for any assess$entinstru$ent included in the current regulations /C"' or ?"'* or #(' $odification0.

=odifications to the project process do not correspond to any of the types of projects and

activities that are subject to S?"'* in accordance with the provisions of 'rticle 31 of Law 3>.911*as a$ended by Law -1.)3,* and 'rticle 9 of the S?"' regulations* nor should they beconsidered a change to the current project.

't the sa$e ti$e* it was concluded that the changes in the new process does not generateadverse environ$ental i$pacts or $odify the i$pacts that are already <ualified* in accordancewith the resolutions of the environ$ental <ualification already approved for the =inera Spenceproject.



11..B Operational Ris? %anagement Plan

Beyond scope.

11.. C$ange %anagement Process

Scope changes and the creation of new project ele$ents are often lin8ed to defects in theengineering phase. Scope changes can i$pact a project significantly* resulting in ris8s topersonnel* <uality of the finished product* progra$ delays* and cost increases. "t is thereforeessential that the engineering is developed rigorously and following BHP Billiton re<uiredstandards and criteria. "n addition* the scope $ust be well defined* battery li$its clearlyidentified* and all facility docu$ents and as!built plans $ust be owner reviewed and approved.

'ny deviation $ust be subjected to appropriate change $anage$ent processes.

The change $anage$ent process includes an analysis of the changes* an evaluation of thei$pacts that $ay arise* and establishes $easures to eli$inate or $itigate i$pacts to theproject. "t is i$portant to identify the stage in the project in which the changes arise. (hanges in$ore advanced phases of the project often lead to $ore significant costs and progra$ delays.

(hange $anage$ent should be strictly controlled. 'll project participants should be allowed topropose changes to $eet their individual priorities and re<uire$ents* including the following

• The owner tea$ $ay see8 to increase or change the assets* in ter$s of siIe* functionality*and specifications.

• The contractor:supplier tea$ $ay advocate a particular design or concept.• +ew environ$ental conditions $ay arise* those not previously included and:or evaluated.• Local authorities* govern$ent agencies and co$$unities $ay try to ta8e $ore fro$ the

project than was previously agreed upon.• (onsultants $ay try to change the selected technology for other si$ilar technology* to

better fit within their area of e&pertise.• The contractor tea$ $ay be wor8ing outside the boundaries of the project scope.

There is always a tendency to $odify project designs* increase the <uantity of tea$s* andi$prove designs. "t is therefore i$portant to ensure that this only occurs when a valid reasone&ists for the change.

The change $anage$ent process is applied to ensure that e&ecution of the scope results in ahigh <uality project and that scope changes are approved by a sufficiently high level within theorganisation. The change $anage$ent process should be clear to all participants.

"n change $anage$ent* it is essential to ensure that project guidelines are established early toprevent changes. These guidelines are developed for both the project tea$ and the operationsand $aintenance personnel* together resulting in a $ore efficient outco$e.



(hange $anage$ent is an integral part of project control* and influences scope* costs* andschedule. "t is essential that the project tea$ has up to date and reliable infor$ation in regardsto the critical ele$ents* for efficient and effective $anage$ent of each project phase.Special care should be ta8en with ele$ents that could re<uire or encourage changes within theFull SaL project. Cetails on the critical ele$ents identified in this project phase that $erit specialattention are provided below.

*gglomeration

"ncorporation of salt into the agglo$eration dru$s will re<uire a new storage area to $aintain astoc8 of salt. Salt will be transported by new belts for discharge into e&isting belts* which in turnfeed the agglo$eration dru$s. The contract for salt supply will be awarded to a third party*si$ilar to what is currently done when salt is added during o&ide ca$paigns /li8ely SociedadPunta de Lobos S.'.0. "n addition* a gas e&traction syste$ will be re<uired* as hydrochloric acid/H(l0 is generated by the che$ical reaction between the sulphuric acid and the sodiu$ chloride. "t is essential that the H4P* supported by representatives of operations and $aintenance* agreeon designs developed for the gas e&traction syste$. The tea$ $ust have a clear understanding

of the suppliers who will provide the technology* technical representation and availability of spare parts in the area* and the re<uire$ents of the pu$ping syste$s and instru$entation for this type of e<uip$ent /perfor$ing under high chloride content0.

' $aintenance schedule for the duration of the life of the e<uip$ent should be agreed upon withsuppliers. The schedule should allow for the validity of the warrantees* avoiding an increase incosts or operational shutdowns in the future. To ensure efficient and safe operation* the changes introduced into the Full SaL project willre<uire the incorporation of inline $onitoring syste$s that indicate H(l levels* using visualand:or audio alar$s when the standard is e&ceeded. 'll operations and $aintenance personnelin the agglo$eration area will need to be trained in the use of e<uip$ent that prevents fro$ H(l

ris8s involved* including what to do in the case of contact with gaseous H(l. Training on plantstartup* handling and stopping the gas scrubbing syste$ will be re<uired. 'n additional operator should be te$porarily involved for the e&ecution of tas8s associated with the salt additionsyste$ and the coordination of truc8s.

eac$ing

"n general* the changes are associated with the use of e<uip$ent co$posed of $aterials thatresist corrosion caused by high chloride contents. This is the reason new instru$entationele$ents /flow $eters0* valves* spools* and pu$ps will be replaced. (urrently* the sulphur circuit $aterials allow for operation with a concentration up to 7 g:L chloride* whereas the FullSaL project will have concentrations ranging fro$ 21 to >1 g:L chloride.

The operations and $aintenance representatives should incorporate into $aintenance plansand inspection routes an assess$ent of the behaviour of new $aterials* to evaluate their condition during operation and to understand which $aterials best withstand this type of corrosion. The supplier $ust sub$it a $aintenance plan that will avoid faults in the e<uip$entstructure* which will li8ely increase $aintenance costs. #e<uiring suppliers to provide strategiesfor early detection of wear on the liners is reco$$ended.



Solvent -"traction

The new A3 Aash phase in the Solvent ?&traction /S@0 area* with technology provided by4utotec* re<uires the H4P* supported by representatives of operations and $aintenance* toverify that all instru$entation offered by the supplier $eets the operational needs* and that allwashing* discharge* suction* and return syste$s are incorporated and have the necessary$aintenance plan. "n addition* verification of au&iliary syste$s for the operation is re<uired*including confir$ing that the water supply* electricity* reagents* air* etc. are available and co$efro$ reputable and certified sources.

The introduction of the new A3 phase te$porarily includes a new operator* who will be trained*together with all operational personnel* on the overall $anage$ent of the new S@ plant scope."t is also essential that the operator has $etallurgical 8nowledge about the ranges of operationfor the new wash phase.

Finally* all areas should chec8 the e$ergency syste$s* to avoid da$age to e<uip$ent andpersonnel. The plant e$ergency syste$ $ust cover the new facilities and:or incorporates newsecurity features that co$ply with the BHP Billiton occupational health and safety depart$entre<uire$ents.

The $ain changes included in the Full SaL project* in ter$s of health* safety* and environ$ent*are fro$ the gas scrubber syste$ in the agglo$eration area* which controls the H(l gase$issions* and the e&tension of the fire suppression syste$ towards the new $i&er!settlers inthe A3 phase.

Curing the co$$issioning phase* if differences in scope* with respect to the original design*

justify changes* these should be analysed carefully in ter$s of safety for personnel* schedulevariations* costs* <uality* and i$pact to the progra$ /ris8 analysis0. Subse<uently* a re<uestshould be sent to the 4perations Civision* who will approve or reject decisions $ade by theco$$issioning tea$.

11.. Operational %anagement Strategy

Estrategia de Administración Operacional

El objetivo de la estrategia de administración de operaciones es maximizar los valores

del negocio de BHP Billiton, asegurando el alineamiento y comunicación efectiva entre

las partes involucradas, para lograr las metas de producción con mínimo impacto enla salud y seguridad ocupacional y el medioambiente.

Para alcanzar este objetivo, la estrategia operacional define el propósito y las metas a

alcanzar por el equipo operacional, lo cual se refleja en los KPI’s. Los KPI’s identifican

y señalan las acciones a realizar y los requerimientos asociados.



La meta del proyecto Full SaL es incrementar la actual recuperación de cobre en 10%

agregando cloruro de sodio sólido al mineral para aumentar la recuperación

metalúrgica en la lixiviación. Esta modificación en términos del proyecto total,

resultará en un “slight change” hacia la actual estrategia de administración

operacional de Minera Spence, que considerará el nuevo LoA 2016 OBP+FS.

En la mina, la estrategia operacional será más flexible, cuando la restricción Mintype

sea aplicada (manteniendo las restricciones mineralógicas, leyes, arcillas, carbonatos,

etc.). Con respecto a la lixiviación, SX y EW, estos procesos serán afectados por el

aumento de la concentración del ion cloruro en el PLS, la estrategia será actualizar los

actuales procedimientos operacionales, adaptándolos a concentraciones de cloruro

más altas en el sistema, desde la salida del tambor aglomerador hasta la fase de

lavado del nuevo orgánico en la planta SX.

Para cumplir con los objetivos de BHP Billiton y aquellos específicos del proyecto, la

estrategia de administración operacional deberá incluir al menos lo siguiente:

• Entendimiento del plan LoA 2016 OBP+FS

• Entendimiento de los algoritmos operacionales (nuevos) para la adición de ácido

sulfúrico, cloruro de sodio y refino en la fase aglomeración, como una función del

tipo y tonelaje de mineral.

• Mantener disponibilidad de cloruro de sodio para asegurar suministro a la

aglomeración.

• Mitigar las emisiones de ácido clorhídrico a la atmósfera, para evitar contacto con el

personal.

• Revisión y entendimiento del proceso químico del curado en la fase de lixiviación.

• Entendimiento del plan de comisionamiento y los resultados de las simulaciones

dinámicas para cada uno de los parámetros relevantes del proceso.

• Usar materiales resistentes al cloruro donde sea necesario.

• Realizar seguimientos a las soluciones de la planta SX, para controlar las

concentraciones del ion cloruro en la operación EW. Mantener un adecuado proceso

en casos que ocurran aumentos inesperados de ion cloruro en la planta EW.

• Proteger contra fuego potencial el área de la fase de lavado W1 para los cuatro

trenes.

• Incluir dos nuevas posiciones en la estructura organizacional durante el

comisionamiento y evaluar la necesidad de posiciones permanentes en el final del

proyecto.• Valores clave para una operación segura y eficiente y una adecuada interacción

entre las áreas existentes, incluyen lo siguiente:

o Establecimiento claro y preciso de los KPI’s durante el pre-comisionamiento y el

comisionamiento.

o Programa y manejo de apagados de planta de una manera lógica, para minimizar

pérdidas de producción.



o Entrenar al personal que estará a cargo del comisionamiento, operación y

mantención de las nuevas instalaciones.

o Asegurar que los sistemas, subsistemas y equipamiento operacional estén

funcionando correctamente durante el comisionamiento y que ellos hayan sido

monitoreados y certificados por sus suministradores. Esto validará y mantendrá

asociadas las garantías de fábrica requeridas por el proyecto.o Desarrollo de una estrategia contractual para el transporte, suministro y carguío

de sal.

o Seguir estrictamente la estrategia HSEC para operaciones, para el control de los

riesgos que podrían potencialmente afectar al personal y el medioambiente (ver

sección 11.4.4).

o Controlar las variables del proceso y las interacciones que ellas puedan causar a

través de la implementación de procedimientos y protocolos. Además, asegurar

que todo el personal en las áreas afectadas esté en conocimiento de esos

procedimientos y protocolos (ver sección 11.4.6).

Finalmente, una estrategia clave es crear un medioambiente de trabajo que promueva

la persecución y logro de los resultados que incrementen el valor del negocio.

The objectives of the operations $anage$ent strategy are to $a&i$ise BHP Billiton businessvalue* ensuring the align$ent and effective co$$unication between involved parties* to achieveproduction goals with $ini$u$ i$pact to occupational health and safety and the surroundingenviron$ent.

To $eet this objective* the operational strategy defines the purpose and goals to achieve by theoperational tea$* which are reflected in the DP"s. The DP"s identify and point out actions toperfor$ and the associated re<uire$ents.

The goal of the Full SaL project is to increase current copper recovery by 31 by adding solidsodiu$ chloride to the $ineral to increase $etallurgical recovery in leaching. This $odification*in ter$s of the over!all project* will result in a slight change to the current =inera Spenceoperational $anage$ent strategy* since it will consider the new Lo' -135 4BP6FS.

"n the $ine* the operational strategy will be $ore fle&ible* as the =intype restriction will bereleased /$aintaining the $ineralogical restrictions* grades* clays* carbonates* etc.0. Aithrespect to the leaching* S@ and ?A process* which will be affected by the increase in chlorideion concentration in the PLS* the strategy will be to update the e&isting operational procedures*adopting the$ to the high concentrations of chloride in the syste$* fro$ the agglo$eration dru$output to the new organic wash phase in the S@ plant.

To $eet BHP Billiton objectives and those specific to the project* the operational $anage$entstrategy should include* at $ini$u$* the following

• ;nderstand the Lo' -135 4BP6FS plan.• ;nderstand the operational algorith$s /new0 for the addition of sulphuric acid* sodiu$

chloride* and raffinate in the agglo$eration phase* as a function of type and tonnage of $ineral.



• =aintain availability of sodiu$ chloride to ensure supply to agglo$eration.• =itigate hydrochloric acid e$issions to the at$osphere* to avoid contact with personnel.• #eview and understand the curing che$ical processes in the leaching phase.• ;nderstand the co$$issioning plan and the results of the dyna$ic si$ulations for each of

the relevant process para$eters.•

;se of chloride resistant $aterials where necessary.• Perfor$ follow!up on the S@ plant solutions* to control chloride ion concentration in the

?A operation. =aintain an ade<uate process in case une&pected increases in chlorideion occur in ?A.

• Protect against a potential fire in the A3 wash phase area for the four trains.• "nclude two new positions in the organisational structure during co$$issioning and

evaluate the need for per$anent positions at the end of the Project.• Dey values for safe and efficient operation and ade<uate interaction between e&isting

areas include the following• ?stablish clear and precise DP"s during pre!co$$issioning and co$$issioning.• Progra$ and $anage plant shut!downs in a logical $anner* to $ini$ise production

losses.• Train personnel that will be in charge of co$$issioning* operation* and $aintenance of the new facilities.

• ?nsure that the syste$s* sub!syste$s* and operational e<uip$ent are functioningcorrectly during co$$issioning* and that they have been $onitored and certified by their suppliers. This will validate and $aintain associated factory warranties re<uired by theproject.

• Cevelop a contractual strategy for the transport* supply* and loading of salt.• Strictly follow the HS?( strategy for operations* to control ris8s that could potentially affect

personnel and the environ$ent /see Section 33.).)0.• (ontrol process variables* and the interactions they can cause* through i$ple$entation of

procedures and protocols. "n addition* ensure that all personnel in the affected areas are

aware of these procedures and protocols /see Section 33.).50.

Finally* a 8ey strategy is to create a wor8 environ$ent that pro$otes the continuous trac8ing*pursuit* and achieve$ent of results that increase business value.

11..E Operational %anagement Strategy

%aintenance Strategy

The objectives of the $aintenance strategy are to $ini$ise process e<uip$ent failures andensure continuous plant operation. The objectives can be $et by defining standards and best

practices* using $aintenance plans and progra$s differentiated by the criticality of thee<uip$ent* associated with the i$pact to personnel* the environ$ent* and production. ' well!defined $aintenance strategy ai$s to ensure process operations* reducing operational costsand providing reliability in the co$pletion of =inera Spence goals. "$ple$entation of thestrategy is the responsibility of plant $anage$ent* using good planning and $anage$ent of activities.



For successful project i$ple$entation* it is essential to adapt and integrate the $aintenancestrategy with operations* ta8ing into account processes such as dyna$ic leach piles and newtechnology based on the addition of +a(l into the agglo$eration process.

"t is essential that all technical docu$entation is prepared during the current selection phaseand detailed during the definition phase. Cocu$entation should be based on the e&perience of

=inera Spence and the co$pany that will develop the ne&t project phase. "nfor$ation fro$vendors and bench$ar8ing studies should be ta8en into account.

The $aintenance tea$ will i$ple$ent the $aintenance plan using %S'P software. Therefore*training on the use of %S'P should be incorporated into the progra$ early and catalogues and$anuals corresponding to the e<uip$ent should be available. 'fter a thorough review* spareparts and critical pieces can be identified and classified in a targeted way. %uidelines for the first$aintenance plan can be developed using this infor$ation* which will provide essentialtechnical infor$ation for tender docu$entation. Aith this infor$ation* an invitation can be sentto suppliers for perfor$ance of $aintenance supply contracts* as a Service Level 'gree$ent/SL'0 covering the tender for supply of critical parts.

' plan for $onitoring and early detection of e<uip$ent defects should be developed* to$a&i$ise the useful life of the e<uip$ent. The plan should include lessons learned and bestpractices* regardless of if the current operations and $aintenance and related projects havepreviously ta8en these into account or have a standardiIed practice* finally resulting in thepassing of =inera Spence infor$ation to the project.

=aintenance plans for the new project facilities will be based on current =inera Spence$aintenance plans* for inclusion of new e<uip$ent and process facilities. Se<uences andholding ti$es for new e<uip$ent* at startup and with wear factors included* should also be usedas references. 4nce a proper project database has been set up* the values $ust be adjusted.Planning for e<uip$ent $aintenance should be based on the critical $aintenance re<uire$entsof the current agglo$eration* leaching and S@ areas.

For develop$ent of the $aintenance strategy* internal or e&ternal personnel can be used toperfor$ the wor8* assisted by specific $aintenance tools /for e&a$ple* #(=* #('* ac88nife*etc.0. The tools will allow for the deter$ination of the critical $aintenance path* fro$ a supplystandpoint. The nu$ber of contractors should be defined through a $aintainability study* whichwill include* for each type of process e<uip$ent* specialised wor8 and 8now!how in si$ilar processes* as well as co$parison with bench$ar8ing data fro$ si$ilar plants.The essential ele$ents for the develop$ent of a successful $aintenance strategy are thefollowing

• For syste$s* sub!syste$s* and co$ponents that are part of the newly incorporatedproject facilities* vendors should support the definition of the $aintenance plan* ta8ing intoaccount the reco$$endations of the operations tea$.

• The =aster Plan data loading process owner will be fro$ the plant $aintenance area andat the sa$e ti$e SP'* while the operations tea$ will be responsible for process e&ecutionand $ay re<uest e&ternal support.

• "t should be a priority to $aintain new syste$s independently fro$ the operation of e&isting syste$s* to avoid affecting the current availability of the plant. This should beincorporated into the $aintainability report for the definition phase. Aith support of e<uip$ent providers* a study should be perfor$ed on how $aintainability will be $odified



and on the availability of spare parts and co$ponents* to ensure the correct $odificationof the $aintenance plan.

• Train 311 of operations and $aintenance personnel that will wor8 with the new projectfacilities* and train current operators that could potentially be used as replace$ents.

• Curing the definition phase* a study should be perfor$ed on whether to re<uest sparecapital under the supply contract for one year of operation and for startup* plus vendor consulting* for each type of e<uip$ent not previously used at =inera Spence.

• Study* fro$ the point of view of logistics* the increase in spare parts stoc8 for the newsyste$s* and verify space available in storage ta8ing into account the ite$s priority. Thisshould be defined during the definition phase.

• Field instru$entation $ust withstand e&posure to difficult wor8ing conditions* such asthose with acidic solutions* chloride* and dusty environ$ents. The correct definition willincrease the availability of the process e<uip$ent in the facilities incorporated into theproject.

• ' bac8up energy syste$ should be included* in case of pri$ary energy syste$ failure* tobac8up critical e<uip$ent /;PS0.

• ?nsure that the installed e<uip$ent has the necessary accesses to $aintain and operate

the$* in line with fatal ris8 control standards /Standard %LC!1310.

Supply Strategy

Estrategia de Suministro

This is the $anage$ent resulting fro$ the strategic decisions ta8en by operations* and ai$s toensure the integration of all general $aintenance re<uests* using business insight* costopti$iIation* service levels and funda$ental de$ands for the correct functioning of the process.

Esta consiste en la administración resultante de las decisiones estratégicas tomadas

por operaciones y ayuda a asegurar la integración de todos los requerimientos de la

mantención general, usando señales de negocio, optimización de costos, niveles de

servicio y demandas fundamentales para el correcto funcionamiento del proceso.

The objective is to develop and plan the supplies* identify and <uantify the$ within eachprocess* and to opti$iIe logistical costs and $aterial availability.

El objetivo es desarrollar y planificar los suministros, identificarlos y cuantificarlos

dentro de cada proceso y optimizar los costos logísticos y disponibilidad del material.

The supply area is in charge of $anaging supplies* co$$ercial relationships* contracts* and

co$$it$ents* together with procure$ent of goods and services.The support syste$s include

El área de suministro está a cargo de la administración de los suministros, relaciones

comerciales, contratos y acuerdos, junto con adquisiciones de bienes y servicios. El

sistema de suministro incluye:



• Sistema GSAP/1SAP (Módulo Suministro y Mantención): El proyecto ha provisto

el Sistema de Producción de la Planta con los datos nuevos de equipamiento y

nuevos componentes, incluidos en el sistema GSAP antes de la compleción

mecánica.

• Sistema de Administración de Documentos (SADIT & Documentum): El sistemacapturará toda la información generada como parte del proyecto, incluyendo

procedimientos, información técnica comercial y administrativa y planos de

ingeniería de la planta y de los procesos, enfocados en tenerlos disponibles en el

Sistema de Administración de Documentos sólo para usuarios autorizados.

Minera Spence usa actualmente SADIT, por lo que las carpetas TOP deberían ser

cargadas dentro del mismo sistema.

• Sistema de Intercambio de Documentos (sistema eRoom): Este sistema ayudará al

intercambio de toda la información entre los auspiciadores del proyecto. La

documentación del proyecto estará disponible en el sistema eRoom para usuarios

autorizados.

• Aspectos claves para llevar a cabo la estrategia de suministro incluye lo siguiente:

o La sal (NaCl) debe ser agregada a los suministros actuales, lo cual como está

actualmente hecho, debería ser adicionado a la logística existente y cumplir

con la política HSEC, con un formato y frecuencia definida por operaciones.

o Deberán considerarse modificaciones tempranas a los contratos (SLA) para los

suministros existentes en Minera Spence. Si los contratos son modificados o

son creados nuevos contratos, debería analizarse la mejor alternativa para la

incorporación de los nuevos suministros (sal).

o Durante el comisionamiento, deberían ser incluidos los requerimientos de

suministros críticos mínimos, logrando una mayor eficiencia dentro de este

proceso. Los contratos deberán estar en el lugar para asegurar la

disponibilidad de los nuevos suministros y servicios.

o Debería ser definida una nueva estrategia logística con respecto a la bodega de

almacenamiento y la ubicación de sus componentes. Esto optimizará el control

de inventarios junto con la disponibilidad.

• %S'P:3S'P syste$ /Supply and =aintenance =odule0 The project has provided thePlant Production Syste$ with new data e<uip$ent and new co$ponents* included in the%S'P syste$ before $echanical co$pletion.



• Cocu$ent =anage$ent Syste$ /S'C"T Cocu$entu$0 This will capture all theinfor$ation generated as part of the project* including procedures* technical co$$ercialand ad$inistrative infor$ation* and engineering drawings of the plant and processes*focused on $a8ing the$ available in the Cocu$ent =anage$ent Syste$ only for authoriIed users. =inera Spence currently uses S'C"T* so the T4P folder should beloaded into the sa$e syste$.

• Cocu$ent "nterchange Syste$ /e#oo$ syste$0 This will allow for the interchange of allinfor$ation between the project sta8eholders. The project docu$entation will be availablein the e#oo$ syste$ for authoriIed users.

• Dey aspects for carrying out the supply strategy include• Salt /+a(l0 $ust be added to current supplies* which* as is currently done* should be

added to the e&isting logistics and co$ply with the HS?( policy* with a for$at andfre<uency defined by operations.

• ?arly $odification of the contracts /SL'0 should be considered for e&isting supplies at=inera Spence. "f contracts are $odified or new contracts are created* an analysis shouldbe conducted for the best alternative for the incorporation of the new supply /salt0.

• Curing co$$issioning* $ini$u$ critical supply re<uire$ents should be included* allowing

for greater efficiency within this process. (ontracts should be in place to ensureavailability of the new supply and services.• ' new logistics strategy $ust be defined with respect to the storage warehouse and the

location of its co$ponents. This will opti$ise the control of inventory together withavailability.

Documents

Chiquitita Spence