Chiroptera Neotropical - Punção Venosa 12-2-2006

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    CHI

    R O

    PTER A

    N E O T R O P I C A L

    ISSN 1413-4403Braslia-DF

    BRAZIL

    VOLUME 12 - NUMBER 2

    December 2006

    Editor

    Ludmilla M.S. Aguiar

    Co-editors

    Ricardo B. MachadoEnrico Bernard

    Jader Marinho-Filho

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    CHIROPTERA NEOTROPICAL

    Vol. 12 December/2006 N o 2

    ARTICLES

    M. Oprea, D. Brito, M.A.R. Mello & L.M.S. Aguiar. Ten years of Chiroptera Neotropical: accomplishments andfuture directions .................................................................................................................................... 262-267

    D.R. Martn. Notes on biogeography of Cuban bats ........................................................................... 268-273

    D. Pinto & H. Ortncio Filho. Dieta de quatro espcies de filostomdeos frugvoros (Chiroptera, Mammalia) doParque Municipal do Cinturo Verde de Cianorte, Paran, Brasil ...................................................... 274-279

    M. Zorta & L.A.G. Tomaz. Dois novos registros de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) para o Cerrado doBrasil Central ........................................................................................................................................ 280-285

    SHORT COMMUNICATION

    M.R. Nogueira, L.R. Monteiro & A.L. Peracchi. New evidence of bat predation by the woolly false vampire batChrotopterus auritus ............................................................................................................................ 286-288

    L.M. Costa, A.F.D. Prata, D. Moraes, C.F.V. Conde, T. Jordo-Nogueira & C.E.L. Esbrard. Deslocamento de Artibeus fimbriatus sobre o mar ........................................................................................................... 289-290

    M. Baptista, A.O. Monteiro, N.R.P. Almosny & H.G. Bergallo. Tcnica para puno venosa em morcegos(Mammalia, Chiroptera) ....................................................................................................................... 291-292

    Cover: Platyrrhinus lineatus - Photo by Marco A.R. Mello - Casa dos Morcegos(http://www.casadosmorcegos.org/indexpt.htm)

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    TEN YEARS OF CHIROPTERA NEOTROPICAL: ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

    Monik Oprea1*, Daniel Brito2, Marco A.R. Mello3 & Ludmila M.S. Aguiar4

    1. Laboratrio de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Cincias Biolgicas, Universidade Federal do EspritoSanto (UFES), Brazil.

    2. Conservation International (CI), Center for Applied Biodiversity Science (CABS), USA.3. Departamento de Botnica, Universidade Federal de So Carlos, Brazil.

    4. EMBRAPA Cerrados. BR 020 km 18 Cx. P. 08223 Planaltina, DF, Brazil 73310-970

    *Corresponding author. Present address: SHIS, QL 18, Conjunto 05, Casa 10, Braslia, DF 71650-055,Brasil. Email: [email protected]

    Abstract.Despite their great ecological and economical importance, there are only few specialized scientificpublications dedicated to bats. Chiroptera Neotropical is the only one dedicated to the Neotropical bat fauna.The objective of the present study is to provide a balance of the contribution of Chiroptera Neotropical to batresearch over the last 10 years, by analyzing its accomplishments and suggesting ways for its improvement. Wesurveyed all 52 contributions published in Chiroptera Neotropical from 1995 to 2005. The great majority of articles were written by authors based in South American institutions and most of them in Brazil. Most studieswere species inventories, and most of the fieldwork researches were carried out in the Atlantic Forest. ChiropteraNeotropical is already an important medium for disseminating scientific knowledge on Neotropical bats. However,it is time for the journal to grow and to increase its importance in the international scientific community.

    INTRODUCTIONThe Neotropical region exhibits one of the highest localspecies richness observed in bat communities (Findley1993).Bats are important components of tropicalcommunities, influencing their structure and dynamics(Findley 1993). Thus, bats are valuable models forstudying, understanding and managing tropical forests.

    Despite the great ecological and economicalimportance of bats, only a few scientific publicationsare specialized in this taxon. One of those fewpublications isChiroptera Neotropical. It started in1995 as an IUCN newsletter, and is distributedworldwide for more than 37 countries. Our objectivehere is to provide an overview of the contribution of Chiroptera Neotropical to the study of bats in thisregion over the last 10 years, analyzing itsaccomplishments and suggesting ways for itsimprovement, in order to consolidate it as a leadinginternational journal and as a forum for discussionabout Neotropical bats.

    METHODSWe surveyed every article and short communication

    published inChiroptera Neotropical from its start dateuntil now (1995-2005, volumes 1-11). In order to

    summarize the origin of authors, publications werecategorized by country. Since one publication can bewritten by authors from different countries, each onemay count as contribution of one or several countries.In a similar way, each contribution was categorized bycountry in which the research has been conducted, sothat we have a geographic picture of where within theNeotropical region bat research published in the journalis taking place. For each published contribution we alsodetermined the ecoregions where research wasconducted (Olson et al. 2001). We also recorded articlesdealing with habitats not under the ecoregionclassification (e.g. anthropogenic habitats, caves and

    captive populations). Articles that had no fieldworkrelated to any ecoregion / habitat were assigned to notapplicable category. For each published contributionwe also determined which aspect of bat biology wasbeing investigated (e.g. biogeography, conservationbiology, ecology, genetics, and zoology).

    RESULTSFrom 1995 to 2005, 52 articles and shortcommunications were published inChiropteraNeotropical (Figure 1) (Appendix 1), with an averagenumber of 4.7 contributions a year. From 1995 to 1999

    Chiroptera Neotropical published two volumes ayear, but from 2000 onwards only one. Even though it

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    now publishes only one volume a year, we observed aslight tendency in increasing the number of publicationsin later volumes than in earlier ones. Twenty-fourpublications were single-species studies and twenty-eight multi-species studies.

    The great majority of articles published inChiropteraNeotropical were written by authors based in Centralor South American institutions (86%), and most of themin Brazil (72%). Only a few authors were affiliated toNorth American (12%) or European institutions (2%)(Figure 2). Following the trend of authors affiliation,most of the published articles in the journal came fromresearch conducted in Brazil (82%) (Figure 3). Onlyseven other Neotropical countries figured inChiroptera Neotropical, and all of them togetherrepresent a small fraction of all publications (18%)(Figure 3).

    Regarding subjects of published contributions, mostof them were inventories of bat species (20 articles),

    followed by ecological studies (14 articles) (Figure 4).Other scientific aspects of bat biology that appeared inChiroptera Neotropical were conservation biology,biogeography, study techniques, wildlife managementand urban biology. A total of 26 ecoregions were targetof the articles published inChiroptera Neotropical.

    Most of the research dealing with fieldwork publishedin Chiroptera Neotropical reflected studies carriedout in the Paran - Parnaba Interior Forests ecoregion(8 articles), followed by Bahia Coastal Forestsecoregion (5 articles) (Figure 5). There were 11 articlesdealing with bats in anthropogenic habitats (e.g. urbanand rural areas), 2 studies on captive bats and 1 articleaddressing cave habitats. Only three articles werecategorized as not applicable in regard to ecoregion.

    DISCUSSIONChiroptera Neotropical has been an

    important tool for disseminating scientific knowledgeon bats, especially local species inventories. This kind

    Figure 1. Number of articles and short communications published yearly inChiropteraNeotropical, since its start year (1995) until its latest volume (2005).

    Figure 2. Number of authors, by country of affiliation, which contributed witharticles and short communications to Chiroptera Neotropical from 1995 to 2005.

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    of data would otherwise be lost, because there is noroom for local inventories in modern journals.

    However, studies on other issues should be publishedmore frequently, because chiropterologists are doingresearch on almost all biological sciences nowadays.We conclude that the journal can enlarge its scope,publish more studies per year, be more cited and soimprove its worldwide importance.

    Despite being dedicated to the Neotropicalregion, most of its publications focus on Brazil and itsecoregions. Although it is the largest Neotropicalcountry and comprises a huge biodiversity, andtherefore is expected to hold a large presence in the journal,Chiroptera Neotropical should benefit byincreasing the number of non-Brazilian authors andstudy sites.

    Another important issue is the number of articles published yearly inChiroptera Neotropical.Despite being a journal of international scope, itpublishes relatively few articles in a year-basis. Thefirst step towards improving the journal should be tomake the revision process more rigorous, in order toimprove the quality and scope of the studies itpublishes, what would consequently generate morecitations. Increasing the readership ofChiropteraNeotropical by divulging it to more institutionsworldwide involved in tropical biology should be thesecond step towards attracting more authors and thusincreasing its number of publications. The third stepshould be to regularize its publication frequency, and

    to make it a fully electronic journal, recorded in allmajor search engines and scientific indexes on the

    Figure 3. Number of articles and/or short communications published between 1995 and 2005 inChiroptera Neotropical, representing research conducted in different countries of the region.

    Figure 4.Number of articles and/or short communications published between 1995 and2005 in Chiroptera Neotropical, representing different research areas

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    Internet. Those measures should have a positivefeedback and helpChiroptera Neotropical to increaseits impact factor and maybe be included in the JournalCitation Report (published by the Institute for ScientificInformation) in the future. Additionally to the submitted

    works,Chiroptera Neotropical could also make onespecial issue every year, with invited papers dealingwith avant-garde bat research on a particular area (e.g.ecology, taxonomy, physiology), or dedicated tospecific Neotropical countries or habitats (e.g. batsfrom Costa Rica; bats from the Restinga biome).

    Chiroptera Neotropical is an important vehicle forspecialized bat research and a valuable forum forscientists that study tropical fauna worldwide. Afterten years it is time for the journal to achieve a greaterrole and to increase its importance in the internationalscientific community.

    REFERENCESAmori G. & S. Gippoliti. 2000. What do mammalogists

    want to save? Ten years of mammalian conservationbiology.Biodiversity and Conservation 9: 785-793.

    Fenton M.B., L. Acharya, D. Audet, M.B.C. Hickey,C. Merriman, M.K. Obrist, & D.M. Syme. 1992.Phyllostomid bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) asindicators of habitat disruption in the Neotropics.

    Biotropica 24: 440-446.

    Figure 5. Number of articles and/or short communications published between 1995 and 2005 in ChiropteraNeotropical, representing bat research conducted within different Neotropical ecoregions.

    Fenton M.B. 1997. Science and the conservation of bats.Journal of Mammalogy 78:1-14.

    Findley J.S. 1993.Bats: a community perspective.Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 167pp.

    Fleming T.H. 1988.The short-tailed fruit bat: a studyin plant-animal interactions. University of ChicagoPress, Chicago. 365pp.

    Fleming T.H. & E.R. Heithaus. 1981. Frugivorous bats,seed shadows, and the structure of tropical forests.Biotropica 13: 45-53.

    IUCN. 2006.IUCN Red List of threatened species.Gland, Switzerland.

    Mickleburgh S.P.; A.M. Hutson & P.A. Racey. 2002. Areview of the global conservation status of bats.Oryx

    36: 18-34.Olson D. M., E. Dinerstein, E.D. Wykramanayake, N.D.

    Burgess, G.V.N. Powell, E.C. Underwood, J.A.DAmico, I. Itoua, H.E. Strand, J.C. Morrison, C.J.Loucks, T.F. Allnutt, T.H. Ricketts, Y. Kura, J.F.Lamoreux, W.W. Wettengel, P. Hedao & K.R.Kassem. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world:a new map of life on Earth.Bioscience 51: 933-938.

    Patterson B.D.; M.R. Willig & R.D. Stevens. 2003.Trophic strategies, niche partitioning and patterns of ecological organization. Pp. 536-579. InBat ecology.T.H. Kunz & M.B. Fenton (eds). University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 779pp.

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    Appendix 1: List of articles and short communicationspublished in Chiroptera Neotropical between 1995and 2005 (volumes 1 to 11).

    Aguirre L.F. 1999. Estado de conservacin de losMurcilagos de Bolivia.Chiroptera Neotropical5 (1-2): 108-112.

    Alava J.J. & R. Carvajal. 2004. Ocurrencia de Noctilioleporinus (Chiroptera:Noctilionidae) en la zona urbana yalrededores de Guayaquil, Ecuador.ChiropteraNeotropical10 (1-2): 183-187.

    Baptista M. & M.A.R. Mello. 2001. Preliminary inventoryof the bat species of the Poo das Antas BiologicalReserve, RJ.Chiroptera Neotropical7 (1-2): 133-135.

    Barquez R.M., L.V. Carrizo, L.I. Ferro, D.A. Flores, M.I.Mollerach, M.S. Snchez & A.P. Garca Lpez. 2003.Primer caso de albinismo total paraSturnira erythromos

    (Tschudi, 1844) - (Chiroptera-Phyllostomidae).Chiroptera Neotropical9 (1-2): 166-169.

    Bernard, E. 1997. Folivory in Artibeus concolor (Chiroptera:Phyllostomidae): a new evidence.ChiropteraNeotropical 3 (2): 77-79.

    Bordignon M.O. & A.O. Frana. 2002. Fish consumptionby Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Guratuba bay,Southern Brazil.Chiroptera Neotropical8 (1-2): 148-150.

    Bredt, A. & W. Uieda. 1996. Bats from urban and ruralenvironments of the Distrito Federal, mid-western Brazil.Chiroptera Neotropical 2(2): 54-57.

    Castao, J.H., J.E. Botero, S. Velsquez & J.D. Corrales.2004. Murcilagos en agroecosistemas cafeteros deColombia.Chiroptera Neotropical 10(1-2): 196-199.

    Dvalos, L.M. & J.A. Guerrero. 1999. The bat fauna of Tampico, Colombia.Chiroptera Neotropical 5(1-2): 112-115.

    Esbrard, C. 2003. Armadilha para retirada de morcegosabrigados em telhado.Chiroptera Neotropical 9(1-2):164-166.

    Esbrard, C., A.G. Motta, D.M. Oliveira, A.F. Areas, R.T.V.

    Rodrigues & H.G. Bergallo. 2003. Observao defidelidade ao abrigo em Molossus rufus no estado do Riode Janeiro, Sudeste do Brasil.Chiroptera Neotropical9(1-2): 175-178.

    Esbrard, C., A.G. Motta & A.C. Gonalves. 2002. Recriaartificial de falso - vampiro (Phyllostomus hastatus ).Chiroptera Neotropical 8(1-2): 150-152.

    Esbrard, C.E.L, M.S. Nunes & A.D. Hammond. 2000.Round-eared-bat (Tonatia bidens ) in captivity (Chiroptera:Phyllostomidae ).Chiroptera Neotropical 6(1-2): 125-126.

    Falco, F.C., B. Soares-Santos & S. Dummond. 2005.Espcies de morcegos do Planalto da Conquista, Bahia,

    Brasil.Chiroptera Neotropical 11(1-2): 220-223.

    Faria, D. 1997. Reports on the diet and reproduction of theIpanema fruit bat,Pygoderma bilabiatum in a Brazilianforest fragment.Chiroptera Neotropical 3(1): 65-66.

    Flix, J.S., N.R. dos Reis, I.P. de Lima, E.F. Costa & A.L.Peracchi. 2001. Is the area of the Arthur Thomas Park,with its 82.72 ha, sufficient to maintain viable chiropteranpopulations?Chiroptera Neotropical 7(1-2): 129-133.

    Fischer, E., W. Fischer, S. Borges, M.R. Pinheiro & A.Vicentini. 1997. Predation ofCarollia perspicilata byPhyllostomus cf. elongatus in Central Amazonia.Chiroptera Neotropical 3(1): 67-68.

    Gregorin, R. 1998. Extending geographic distribution of Chiroderma doriae Thomas, 1891 (Phyllostomidae,Stenodermatinae).Chiroptera Neotropical 4(2): 98-99.

    Gregorin, R. 1998. Notes on the geographic distribution of Neoplatymops mattogrossensis (Vieira, 1942) (Chiroptera,Molossidae).Chiroptera Neotropical 4(1): 88-90.

    Grelle, C.E., M.T. da Fonseca, R.T. de Souza, L.M.S. Aguiar.1997. Bats from Karstic area on Lagoa Santa, MinasGerais: a preliminary survey.Chiroptera Neotropical3(1): 68-70.

    Lim, B.K. & M.D. Engstrom. 2000. Preliminary survey of bats from the upper Mazaruni of Guyana.ChiropteraNeotropical 6(1-2): 119-123.

    Mancina, C.A. & L. G. Rivera. 2000. Notes on the naturalhistory ofPhyllops falcatus (Gray, 1839) (Phyllostomidae:

    Stenodermatinae ) in Cuba.Chiroptera Neotropical 6(1-2): 123-125.

    Marinho-Filho, J. 2003. Notes on the reproduction of sixphyllostomid bat species in southeastern Brazil.Chiroptera Neotropical 9(1-2): 173-175.

    Marinho-Filho, J. 1996. Distribution of bat diversity in thesouthern and southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest.Chiroptera Neotropical 2(2): 51-54.

    Marinho-Filho, J. 1996. The Brazilian Cerrado bat faunaand its conservation.Chiroptera Neotropical 2(1): 37-39.

    Mello, M.A. & G.M. Schittini. 2005. Ecological analysis of three bat assemblages from conservation units in theLowland Atlantic Fores of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Chiroptera Neotropical 11(1-2): 206-210.

    Miretzki, M. & C.T. Margarido. 1999. Morcegos da EstaoEcolgica do Caiu, Paran (Sul do Brasil).ChiropteraNeotropical 5(1-2): 105-108.

    Muoz-Romo, M. 2005. Preparacin de una PastaAlimenticia para Murcilagos Insectvoros yObservaciones sobre su uso.Chiroptera Neotropical11(1-2): 227-228.

    Nogueira , M.R. & A.L. Peracchi. 2002. The feedingspecialization inChiroderma doriae (Phyllostomidae,

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    Stenodermatinae) with comments on its conservationimplications.Chiroptera Neotropical 8(1-2): 143-148.

    Ortncio Filho, H., N.R. dos Reis, D. Pinto, R. Anderson,D.A. Testa & M.A. Marques. 2005. Levantamento dosmorcegos (Chiroptera, Mammalia) do Paque Municipal

    do Cinturo Verde de Cianorte, Paran, Brasil.ChiropteraNeotropical 11(1-2): 211-215.

    Pedro, W.A., F.C. Passos & B.K. Lim. 2001. Morcegos(Chiroptera; Mammalia ) da Estao Ecolgica dosCaetetus, estado de So Paulo.Chiroptera Neotropical7(1-2): 136-140.

    Pedro, W.A. & V.A. Taddei. 1998. Bats from southwesternMinas Gerais, Brazil (Mammalia: Chiroptera).ChiropteraNeotropical 4(1): 85-88.

    Pedro, W.A, C. Carvalho, M.M. Hayashi, A. Bredt, N.M.S.Armani, M.M.S. Silva, L. Gomes, C.A. Gonalves & N.F.Peres.. 1997. Notes onVampyressa pusilla (Wagner, 1843)in the south of So Paulo state.Chiroptera Neotropical3(2): 79-80.

    Pedro, W.A., M.P. Geraldes, G.G. Lopez & C.J.R. Alho. 1995.Fragmentao de hbitat e a estrutura de uma taxocenosede morcegos em So Paulo (Brasil).ChiropteraNeotropical 1(1): 4-6.

    Perini, F.A., V.C. Tavares, C.M.D. Nascimento. 2003. Batsfrom the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,southeastern Brazil.Chiroptera Neotropical 9(1-2): 169-173.

    Regidor, H., S. Mosa & A. Nez. 2003. Confinamiento deuna colonia deTadarida brasiliensis , una alternativa demanejo compatible con la conservacin.ChiropteraNeotropical 9(1-2):157-162.

    Reis, N.R., A.L. Peracchi, I.P. Lima, M.L. Sekiama & V.J.Rocha. 1998. Updated list of the chiropterians of thecity of Londrina, Paran, Brazil.Chiroptera Neotropical4(2): 96-98.

    Rodrigues, F.H.G. , M.L. Reis & V.S. Braz. 2004. Food habitsof the frog-eating bat,Trachops cirrhosus , in AtlanticForest of Northeastern Brazil.Chiroptera Neotropical10(1-2): 180-182.

    Rui, E. & M.Fabin. 1997. Quirpteros de la familiaPhyllostomidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera) en selvas delestado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.ChiropteraNeotropical 3(2): 75-77.

    Silva, M.M.S., N.M.S. Harmani, E.F.B. Gonalves & W.Uieda. 1996. Bats from metropolitan region of So Paulo,southeastern Brazil.Chiroptera Neotropical 2(1): 39-41.

    Silva, R., F.A. Perini & W.R. de Oliveira. 2005. Bats fromthe city of Itabira, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil.Chiroptera Neotropical 11(1-2): 216-219.

    Silva, S.S.P., P.G. Guedes, A.R. Camardella & A.L. Peracchi.2004. Survey of bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera), with

    comments on reproduction status, in the ReservaParticular do Patrimnio Natural Serra das Almas, in thestate of Cear, northwestern of Brazil.ChiropteraNeotropical 10(1-2): 191-195.

    Sodre, M.M., W. Uieda & M. Baldim. 2004. First record of

    albinism in the bat Eumops glaucinus (Molossidae) fromsoutheastern Brazil.Chiroptera Neotropical 10(1-2):200-201.

    Straube, F.C. & G.V. Bianconi. 2002. Sobre a grandeza e aunidade utilizada para estimar esforo de captura comutilizao de redes-de-neblina.Chiroptera Neotropical8(1-2): 150-152.

    Stutz, W.H., M.C. Albuquerque, W. Uieda, E.M. Macedo &C.B. Frana. 2004. Updated list of Uberlndia Bats (MinasGerais State, Southeastern Brazil).ChiropteraNeotropical 10(1-2): 188-190.

    Tejedor, A. 2003. First record ofSaccopteryx canescens(Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) for Southeastern Peru.Chiroptera Neotropical 9(1-2): 163-164.

    Trajano, E. 1995. Protecting caves for the bats or bats forthe caves?Chiroptera Neotropical 1(2): 19-22.

    Uieda, W. & M.E. Chaves. 2005. Bats from Botucatu region,state of So Paulo, Southern Brazil.ChiropteraNeotropical 11(1-2): 224-226.

    Uieda, W. 1995. The commom vampire bat in urbanenvironments from southeastern BrazilChiropteraNeotropical 1(2): 22-24.

    Zorta, M. & L.M.S. Aguiar. 2001. Foraging behavior of the fishing bat, Nocti lio Leporinus (Noctilionidae).Chiroptera Neotropical 7(1-2): 140-142.

    Zorta, M., R. Gregorin & A.D. Ditchfield. 1998. Li chonyc te ri s obscur a from Esprito Santo state,southeastern Brazil.Chiroptera Neotropical 4(2): 95-96.

    Zorta, M. 1995. Observations on tent-using in the CarollineBat Rh in ophy ll a pu mi li o in southeastern Brasil.Chiroptera Neotropical 1(1): 2-4.

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    NOTES ON BIOGEOGRAPHY OF CUBAN BATS

    Danny Rojas Martn

    Departamento de Gestin de la Proteccin de los Recursos Naturales, Jefatura Nacional Cuerpo deGuardabosques, calle 2 No. 610 entre 25 y 27, Vedado, CP. 10 400, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.

    Abstract.Biogeography of Cuban bats have been received a general attention and little particular analyses of internal events referred to the origins, diversification, and extinction of Cuban bats have been made. On thebasis of recent discoveries of two fossils and one extant species, and other recent publications, we approach tothe historical biogeography of the Cuban microchiropteran fauna in an attempt of reconciling the hypothesis of dispersal and vicariance, recognizing that in some cases taxon-specific hypotheses are required. Special attentionhas been paid to the relationship between the bat fauna of Isla de Cuba and Isla de Pinos.

    Keywords: Cuba, historical biogeography, Microchiroptera

    INTRODUCTIONThe Cuban archipelago has the most diversechiropteran fauna in the Antilles. This fauna comprises35 species, including 27 living species, 6 extinctspecies, and 2 extirpated species. One of the livingspecies ( Natalus major ) was recently discovered inwestern Cuba (Tejedor et al. 2004), and two of theextinct species are new records, one of them comprisinga new genus (Surez & Daz-Franco 2003, Mancina &Garca-Rivera 2005). Living populations of theextirpated species are actually found in Mexico, Centraland South America.

    The study of the causes of such Cuban richness of batsusually has taken place into a wider context (e. g.,Morgan 2001), with no analysis of the internal eventsthat occurred in Isla the Cuba and Isla the Pinos, thetwo principal islands of the archipelago. Being Cubathe biggest archipelago of the Antilles, and having ageological history closely related to that of Bahamas,the rest of the Greater Antilles, and (Dvalos 2004)Jamaica, it is important to understand when and whereCuban bats evolved, what was its origin, what is itspresent distribution and how was modelled the Cubanpresent-day bat fauna through the Cenozoic.

    The present work is an approach to these questions onthe basis of historical biogeography, taking in accountnew and valuable explanations from recent studies.

    Zoogeographical, Taxonomical and EcologicalContexts

    The Cuban archipelago is located in the AntilleanSubregion (in the sense of Genowayset al. 1998) withinthe Neotropic. It is formed by Isla de Cuba (which isthe major island of all the Antilles), Isla de Pinos, and

    more than 4000 islets and keys. Isla de Pinos is placedon the continental shelf of Cuba, and both islands areseparated by water less than 12 m in depth. In the text,terms like Antilles or Caribbean must be consideredsynonyms of Antillean Subregion. The gentile Cubanis referred to the whole archipelago.

    In taxonomy we follow Koopman (1993) for most of the taxa , and Morgan & Czaplewski (2003) for

    Natalidae. Brachyphylla , Erophylla andPhyllonycterishave been grouped in the subfamily Brachyphyllinae,following the early statements of Silva Taboada & Pine(1969).

    The guild structure, and roost behaviour of living andextinct bats in the Cuban archipelago have beenestablished according to Schnitzler & Kalko (2001),and Silva Taboada (1979), respectively.

    Possible origin of Cuban Bats

    According to recent paleogeographic investigations andgeological evidences, 35 millions of years ago therewere appropriately conditions in the AntilleanSubregion for potential colonizers to invade (Iturralde-Vinent & MacPhee 1999). The morphologicaldifferentiation between Antillean bats and itscontinental ancestors makes improbable an earlierperiod for most of the insular fauna (Silva Taboada1979). Thus, the fauna of Cuban bats has acquired itspresent composition (Table 1) through a series of processes and phenomena for the last 40 million years.

    Analyzing biogeographical hypotheses concerning theorigin, distribution, and diversity of the Caribbean

    fauna, a question usually arises. Which hypothesis,vicariance or aerial dispersal over water, could explain

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    Table 1. Distribution, endemism, guild structure, and roost behaviour of living (X) and extinct (O) bats in the Cubanarchipelago. Information about other islands of the Antillean Subregion, and about continent is provided forcomparison. Families and subfamilies appear in a systematic order, and species appeared in alphabetical order. Guildsof extinct species are inferred from living species of the genus or from the superior taxonomic category. (**): livingtaxon endemic of (or fossil records of the taxon only found in) the Cuban archipelago, (*): endemic of the AntilleanSubregion. CUB: Cuban archipelago, JAM: Jamaica, ESP: Hispaniola, PR: Puerto Rico, MEX: Mexico. Roost

    behaviour: SC: specialized cave-dweller, FC: facultative cave-dweller, Three-dweller, G: generalist. Guild structure: AI-US: aerial insectivore in uncluttered space, AI-BS: aerial insectivore in background-cluttered space, AI-HS: aerialinsectivore in highly cluttered space, GI-HS: gleaning insectivore in highly cluttered space, P-BS: piscivore inbackground-cluttered space, F-HS: frugivore in highly cluttered space, PN-HS: polinivore (-nectarivore) in highlycluttered space, S-HS: sanguivore in highly cluttered space. The symbol in the column of the Cuban archipelago(CUB) means that the species is shared by both Isla de Cuba and Isla the Pinos, and the symbol means that the specieswas once shared by the two islands but that has been extirpated from Isla the Pinos.

    Taxon Greater Antilles Bahamas LesserAntilles Continent Roost GuildCUB JAM ESP PR SA CA MEX NA

    Noctilionidae Noctilio leporinus X X X X X X X X X G P-BSMormoopidae

    Mormoops blainvillii * X X X X O O SC AI-BS M. magna ** O SC AI-BS M. megalophylla O O O X X X O SC AI-BSPteronotus macleayi * X X O SC AI-BSP. parnelli X X X X O O X X X SC AI-HSP. pristinus ** O SC AI-BSP. quadridens * X X X X SC AI-BSPhyllostomidaePhyllostominae

    Macrotus waterhousei X X X X O X X G GI-HSBrachyphyllinae *

    Brachyphylla nana * X O X X SC PN-HS Erophylla sezekorni * X X X SC PN-HSPhyllonycteris poeyi * X X SC PN-HSGlossophaginae

    Monophyllus redmani * X X X X X SC PN-HSStenodermatinae

    Artibeus anthonyi ** O G F-HS A. jamaicensis X X X X X X X X X X G F-HSCubanycteris silvai ** O T F-HSPhyllops falcatum * X X T F-HSP. silvai ** O T F-HSP. vetus ** O T F-HSDesmodontinae

    Desmodus rotundus O X X X G S-HSNatalidaeChilonatalus micropus * X X X SC AI-BS

    Natalus major * X X X SC AI-BS Nyctiellus lepidus * X X SC AI-BSVespertilionidae

    Antrozous pallidus X X X G GI-HS Eptesicus fuscus X X X X X X X X X X G AI-BS Lasiurus borealis X X X X X X X X X G AI-US L. intermedius X X X X T AI-US Nycticeius humeralis X X X G AI-BSMolossidae

    Eumops glaucinus X X X X X X G AI-US E. perotis X X X X X G AI-US Molossus molossus X X X X X X X X G AI-US Mormopterus minutus ** X G AI-US Nyctinomops laticaudatus X X X X G AI-US N. macrotis X X X X X X X G AI-USTadarida brasiliensis X X X X X X X X X X FC AI-US

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    the Cuban bat fauna? Three routes of dispersal and avicariant model have been proposed. The routes of dispersal proposed by Rodrguez-Durn & Kunz (2001)include a northern route from Florida to Cuba directlyor through Bahamas, a western route from CentralAmerica, and a southern route from South Americathrough the Lesser Antilles. The Gaarlandia vicariantmodel of Iturralde-Vinent & MacPhee (1999) couldexplain the relationships of brachyphyllines andstenodermatines with the continent. According to

    Dvalos (2004), the routes of dispersal must be clarifiedfor families as Moormopidae and Natalidae, and othergroups of bats that not fit to the vicariant model requiretaxon-specific hypotheses.

    Silva Taboada (1979) suggested a South Americanorigin for Noct ilio leporinus . The contribution of Gaarlandia to the invasion, and the period it took placeremain unclear. Baker & Genoways (1978) did notexclude for this species colonization from CentralAmerica.

    Five of the seven species of mormoopids present inCuba are endemic of the Antillean Subregion (Table

    1), which becomes an important centre of secondarydifferentiation of the family. Mormoopids arrived toCuba from Central America (Baker & Genoways 1978,Silva Taboada 1979, Koopman 1989) in repeateddispersal events (at least twice inPteronotus ), whichcould include other Antillean islands as Jamaica(Dvalos 2004). Nevertheless, Silva Taboada (1979)proposed a single dispersal event forPteronotusquadridens , P. macleayi and the ancestor ofP. pristinus .Which it is clear is that Mormoops blainvillii and theancestors of M. magna , P. pristinus , andP. quadridensshould represent early invasions, probably in Middleor Superior Pliocene, according to Silva Taboada(1979). A northern origin is not discarded for the genus

    Mormoops (Koopman 1989), and this could besupported for the presence of fossil records of M.blainvillii , M. megalophylla , P. macleayi andP. parnelliin Bahamas (Simmons & Conway 2001). The southernroute could also be possible for some species of thefamily.

    The Antillean Subregion is also a center of radiationof the family Phyllostomidae, with nine endemicspecies from the twelve present in the Cuban

    Figure 1. Caribbean Sea with Great Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola [Haiti and Dominican Republic] and PuertoRico, The Bahamas, Lesser Antilles, and the continents (North America, Central America and South America)

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    archipelago (Table 1). These endemics probablyrepresent the earliest invasions to the Antilles. Cubashould play an important role for differentiation of Brachyphyllinae and Stenodermatinae, for which asouthern origin have been proposed (Silva Taboada

    1979, Koopman 1989). The southern route has beenalso suggested for Monophyllus , while Artibeusanthonyi has been related to A. lituratus , a species witha South American origin (Silva Taboada 1979, Baker& Genoways 1978). Macrotus waterhousei , Artibeus

    jamaicensis, and Desmodus rotundus probably arrivedfrom Central America (Baker & Genoways 1978, SilvaTaboada 1979, Koopman 1989). The endemic Antilleangenera Brachyphylla , Erophylla , and Phyllonycterisseem part of a single radiation, and dispersal eventsfrom Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Jamaica to Cubapossibly occurred (Dvalos 2004). Also it is probablythat at least two invasions of stenodermatines tookplace. A first invasion from the continent gave rise toPhyllops on Hispaniola, andCubanycteris (Mancina& Garca-Rivera 2005) on Cuba. Dispersal ofPhyllops ,from Hispaniola to the Cuban archipelago during thePleistocene, resulted in the evolution ofP. vetus andP.silvai (Surez & Daz-Franco 2003).

    Cuba has the highest diversity of Natalidae in theNeotropics in what sympatry concerns (Tejedor et al.2004), being the three extant species endemic from theAntillean Subregion (Table 1). Genetic studies showedthat Jamaican Natalus major belongs to a lineage basal

    to a Central America/Lesser Antilles N. stramineusclade (Arroyo-Cabraleset al . 1999), and this suggestsevents of dispersal within the Antilles. Silva Taboada(1979) proposed a Central American origin for theCaribbean species. Nevertheless, the Early Oligocenenatalid from Florida (Morgan & Czaplewski 2003)points out to a North American origin for the ancestorof Antillean natalids, which should reach Cuba throughBahamas, and from there the species dispersed to otherregions of the Antilles and to the north of SouthAmerica.

    The five species of vespertilionids present in Cuba(Table 1) show affinities with the temperate region of North America, though Eptesicus fuscus and Lasiurusborealis are widespread through Central and SouthAmerica. The western route is the most accepted (Baker& Genoways 1978, Silva Taboada 1979). Koopman(1989) proposed a Central American origin for

    Antrozous , and a North American origin for Nycticeiusand Lasiurus .

    Mormopterus minutus is the only endemic species of Cuban bat. Populations of the other molossids specieshave not been well differentiated from populations inmainland continent. Invasions from Central Americahave been proposed for most of the molossids (Silva

    Taboada 1979) and the ancestor of Mormopterusminutus (Koopman 1989).Tadarida brasiliensisprobably arrived from North America while Molossusmolossus possibly arrived through the southern route(Baker & Genoways 1978, Koopman 1989).

    Bats of Isla de Pinos

    Isla de Cuba and Isla de Pinos share half of the batspecies that have been found in the Cuban archipelago.With 17 species exclusively in the former, the rest arepresent in the latter (Table 1). Three of the 18 sharedspecies are extirpated from Isla de Pinos (Pteronotus

    parnelli , Phyllops falcatum , and Natalus major ), andPhyllops vetus is the only fossil bat shared by bothislands.

    Bats should arrive to Isla de Pinos from Isla de Cuba,especially during low sea level stands in Pleistocene,when both islands were connected (Iturralde-Vinent2003). Two of the six families of Cuban bats,Phyllostomidae and Natalidae, seem to have had a greatsuccess of colonization. In the case ofPhyllops vetus ,the species probably evolved in Isla de Cuba from itsHispaniolan ancestor, according to what Surez &Daz-Franco (2003) have proposed, and then reachedIsla de Pinos, suffering extinction events in both islands.

    The recent geographical segregation of Isla de Pinosfrom Isla de Cuba did not allowed any speciation inthe former. Nevertheless, Silva (1974) reported a

    subspecies of Eptesicus fuscus ( E. f. petersoni ), whichis smaller, and has a pelage and colour different fromthe subspecies present in Isla de Cuba ( E. f. dutertreus ).This could represent an attempt of speciation thoughtime and conservation efforts should state the last word.

    Events of Extinction

    Having Cuba the richest chiropteran fauna in theCaribbean, the archipelago also suffered the largestnumber of extinctions (Morgan 2001). Mormoopsmegalophylla, and Desmodus rotundus are extirpatedfrom the Cuban archipelago, and other six species

    including mormoopids and stenodermatines are extinct(Table 1). The extinctions affected particularlyobligatory cave-dwelling species, but also tree-dwellingand generalist species. Post-Pleistocene climatechanges and variations in cave environments are themain causes attributed to such extinctions (Morgan2001).

    If climate changes were the main cause of extinctionof Cuban microchiropteran, the extinction of tree-dweller species should reach higher levels than cave-dweller bats. But from the eight Cuban bats species nolonger in the archipelago, three roosted in trees, andother three species roosted in caves, which points to

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    the capability of dispersion of bats as another cause of extinction. Although a lot of caves were and still areavailable in Cuba as roosts for bats, specialized cave-dwelling species (like the extinct Cuban mormoopids)require exclusively humid and warm caves. Probably,

    if the dispersal ability of the extinct mormoopids waslimited by physiological features, and long distancesbetween one hot cave to another, then these specieswere affected by the lost of the roost sites due tostochastic events, more than other species, as have beenproposed for extirpation events of Natalus major inthe Cuban archipelago (see Tejedor et al. 2004). Thiscould also explain the extirpation events ofPteronotus

    parnelli in Isla de Pinos, where caves are scarce.

    However, the ecological information available for theextinct species is still insufficient, and this limits anyspeculation about causes of extinctions of Cuban bats.New evidences from geology, phylogeny, and ecology,and new fossil records and taphonomic explanationsare required to clarify the origins, diversification, andextinction events that have shaped the fauna of Cubanbats.

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis paper is dedicated to Professor Gilberto SilvaTaboada for all his effort during a half century devotedto the study of Cuban bats. I express also my gratitudeto Dr. Dania Prieto, from the Faculty of Biology,University of Havana, for encourage this research andfor her valuable comments on early versions of themanuscript. I am also grateful to M.Sc. Lainet GarcaRivero, for her useful comments on the manuscript.

    REFERENCESArroyo-Cabrales, J., van den Bussche, R.A., Haiduk-

    Sigler, K., Chesser, R.K. & Baker, R.J. 1997. Genicvariation in island populations of Natalus stramineus(Chiroptera: Natalidae). Occasional Papers, Museumof Texas Tech University, 1771:1-9.

    Baker, R.J. & Genoways, H.H. 1978. Zoogeographyof Antillean bats. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Special Publication, 13:57-97.

    Dvalos, L.M. 2004. Phylogeny and biogeography of Caribbean mammals. Biological Journal of theLinnean Society, 81:373-394.

    Genoways, H.H., Phillips, C.J. & Baker, R.J. 1998.Bats of the Antillean island of Grenada: a newzoogeographic perspective. Occasional Papers,Museum of Texas Tech University, 177:1-28.

    Iturralde-Vinent, M.A. 2003. A brief account of theevolution of the Caribbean seaway: Jurassic to

    Present. In: From greenhouse to icehouse: the marineEocene-Oligocene transition. Prothero, D., Ivany, L.& Nesbitt, E. (eds). Pp: 386-396. ColombusUniversity Press, New York.

    Iturralde-Vinent, M.A. & MacPhee, R.D.E. 1999.Paleogeography of the Caribbean region:implications for Cenozoic biogeography. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 238:1-95.

    Koopman, K.F. 1989. A review and analysis of the batsof the West Indies. In: Biogeography of the WestIndies, past, present, and future. Woods, C.A. (ed).Pp: 635-644, Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville.

    Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. In: Mammalspecies of the world. Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M.(eds). Pp: 137-232, Smithsonian Institution Press,Washington D.C.

    Mancina, A.C. & Garca-Rivera, R.L. 2005. New genusand species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)from Cuba. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41(1):22-27.

    Morgan, G.S. 2001. Patterns of extinction in WestIndian bats. In: Biogeography of the West Indies:patterns and perspectives, 2nd edn. Woods, C.A. &Sergile, F.E. (eds). Pp: 369-407. C.R.C. Press, BocaRaton.

    Morgan, G.S. & Czaplewski, N.J. 2003. A new bat inthe neotropical family Natalidae from the EarlyMiocene of Florida. Journal of Mammalogy, 84:729-752.

    Rodrguez-Durn, A. & Kunz, T.H. 2001.Biogeography of West Indian bats: and ecologicalperspective. In: Biogeography of the West Indies:patterns and perspectives, 2nd edn. Woods, C.A. &Sergile, F.E. (eds). Pp: 355-368. C.R.C. Press, BocaRaton.

    Schnitzler, H.-U. & Kalko, E.K.V. 2001. Echolocationby insect-eating bats. BioScience, 51(7):557-569.

    Silva Taboada, G. 1974. Nueva subespecie de Eptesicus fuscus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) para Isla dePinos. Poeyana 128:1-5.

    Silva Taboada, G. 1979. Los murcilagos de Cuba.Academia, La Habana. 423 p.

    Silva Taboada, G. & Pine, R.H. 1979. Morphologicaland behavioral evidence for the relationship betweenthe bat genus Brachyphylla and the Phyllonycterinae.Biotropica 1(1):10-19.

    Simmons, N.B. & Conway. T.M. 2001. Phylogeneticrelationships of mormoopid bats (Chiroptera:

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    Mormoopidae) based on morphological data.Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History258, 97 p.

    Surez, W. & Daz-Franco, S. 2003. A new fossil bat(Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from a QuaternaryCave Deposit in Cuba. Caribbean Journal of Science,39(3):371-377.

    Tejedor, A., Silva Taboada, G. & Rodrguez-Hernndez,D. 2004. Discovery of extant Na ta lus ma jo r (Chiroptera: Natalidae) in Cuba. MammalianBiology, 69(3):153-162.

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    DIETA DE QUATRO ESPCIES DE FILOSTOMDEOS FRUGVOROS (CHIROPTERA, MAMMALIA)DO PARQUE MUNICIPAL DO CINTURO VERDE DE CIANORTE, PARAN, BRASIL

    Danieli Pinto1, Henrique Ortncio Filho2

    1Curso de Graduao em Cincias Biolgicas, Universidade Paranaense,Campus Cianorte, Av. Brasil, 1123CEP 87200-000 Cianorte - Paran, Brasil e E-mail: [email protected]

    2 Instituto de Cincias Biolgicas, Mdicas e da Sade, Universidade Paranaense,Campus Cianorte, Av.Brasil, 1123, Centro, Cianorte - Paran, Brasil, CEP 87200-000

    Abstract. This study aimed at analyzing the diet of four species of frugivorous bats ( Artibeus lituratus, A. fimbriatus, Sturnira lilium, Carollia perspicillata ) captured in Cinturo Verde Municipal Park, city of Cianorte,state of Paran, considering possible variations in the use of fruits along the seasons of the year. BetweenOctober, 2004 and September, 2005, eighty-five samples of feces were obtained which revealed that A. lituratusand A. fimbriatus consumed, preferentially, fruits fromCecropia pachystachya, C. glaziouii, Ficus enormis, F.insipida and F. organensis. Sturnira lilium consumed, essentially, fruits fromSolanum diflorum and S.americanum , whereasC. perspicillata fed, mainly, onPiper glabratum andP. hispidum fruits. As for the seasonsof the year, there were diet changes, probably because of the fruits ripening period with the climatic seasonalityapparently influencing the availability and use of feeding resources.

    Key Words: Phyllostomidae, frugivory, semi-deciduous forest, Northwest of the state of Paran.

    INTRODUOOs morcegos apresentam grande diversidade alimentar,

    sendo utilizados como componentes da dieta: insetose outros artrpodes, flores, frutos, folhas, sementes,plen, nctar, pequenos vertebrados e sangue (Peracchiet al . 2006). Na regio Neotropical, a famliaPhyllostomidae representada, em sua maioria, pormorcegos herbvoros (Kunz 1982; Nowak 1994), osquais apresentam diferentes formas de interao comas plantas, como a predao de sementes, fato queocasiona a morte do embrio, o parasitismo, peloconsumo de folhas, e o mutualismo, situaorelacionada aos processos de polinizao e de dispersodas sementes, sendo que, no ltimo caso, ambas as

    espcies podem ser beneficiadas, pois enquanto osmorcegos se alimentam do nctar ou dos frutos dasplantas, as mesmas so polinizadas ou tm suassementes dispersas (Mello 2002).

    Segundo Garciaet al . (2000), o consumo de frutos e aconseqente disperso de sementes pelas fezes sofundamentais para o sucesso reprodutivo de vriasespcies de plantas, bem como da manuteno deflorestas e recuperao de reas degradadas. Sipinski& Reis (1995) ressaltam que cerca de, 25% das rvoresde uma floresta podem ser dispersas por esses animais.As espcies vegetais consumidas pelos quirpteros

    podem influenciar na estrutura da vegetao econtribuir para o estabelecimento de espcies pioneiras

    (Mikich 2002). Isso ocorre devido ao processo dedisperso de sementes (Passoset al . 2003), queproporciona, tambm, a recuperao e o aumento dadiversidade em reas degradadas (Bobrowiec 2003).A disponibilidade de recursos alimentares influenciana permanncia de morcegos em uma rea e a falta detais fontes pode causar o deslocamento desses animaispara outras regies (Passoset al . 2003). Assim, a baixadensidade de determinadas plantas pode gerar odesaparecimento de vrias espcies de morcegos oufazer com que outras se tornem generalistas, passandoa consumir as variedades de frutos disponveis noambiente (Galetti & Morellato 1994; Passos &Graciolli 2004).

    De acordo com Peracchiet al . (2006) a famliaPhyllostomidae a mais diversificada da regioNeotropical, contando atualmente com 160 espciese, no Brasil, com 92 espcies, sendo que destas, 83tm os frutos como componentes de sua dieta. Com ointuito de conhecer um dos vrios importantes aspectosligados biologia das espcies mais freqentes daregio, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar adieta de filostomdeos frugvoros, capturados no ParqueMunicipal do Cinturo Verde de Cianorte, Paran,Brasil, por meio da identificao das sementesdefecadas e a variao na utilizao dos recursos

    alimentares ao longo do ano.

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    MATERIAL E MTODOSCom aproximadamente 312 ha, o ParqueMunicipal do Cinturo Verde de Cianortelocaliza-se entre as coordenadas 2340S,

    5238W e 530 metros de altitude, e representa,na regio de Cianorte, um dos ltimosremanescentes da vegetao tpica de FlorestaEstacional Semidecidual Submontana, cominfluncia do Cerrado, apresentando aspectode uma floresta madura alterada e, nas reaslimites do parque, encontram-se locais bastantedegradados.

    Dentre as espcies vegetais presentes noparque, encontram-se as seguintes famlias:Apocynaceae ( Apidosperma polyneuron -peroba-rosa e A. ramiflorum - peroba-amarela) , Meliaceae (Cedrella sp. - cedro e

    Nectandra sp. - canela) , Euphorbiaceae ( Actinostemonconcolor - laranjeira do mato), Gramineae ( Bambusaguadua - bambu) , Bignoniaceae (Tabebuia sp. - Ip e

    Machaerium sp. - jacarand), Piperaceae (Piper sp. -pimenteiras) , Fabaceae ( Hymenae sp. - jatob),Phytolaccaceae (Galesia sp. - pau-dalho) , Moraceae(Ficus sp. - figueira) , Palmaceae ( Acromia sp. -macaba) , Solanaceae (Solanum sp. - jurubeba) entreoutras (Cioffiet al . 1995). Segundo o mesmo autor, oclima predominante classificado como subtropicalmido mesotrmico, com veres quentes, geadas pouco

    freqentes, com tendncias de concentrao de chuvasnos meses de vero. As coletas de morcegos foramrealizadas nos seguintes pontos: Trilha das Perobas,Trilha do Fantasminha I, Trilha do Fantasminha II eem uma propriedade rural (Chcara Rose) (Figura 1).

    As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente, durantequatro noites, de outubro de 2004 a setembro de 2005.Para a captura dos morcegos, foram utilizadas quatroredes-de-neblina (14 m x 2,5 m), distribudas emdiferentes pontos da rea, como clareiras dentro damata, trilhas e cursos dgua e foram revistadas a cada15 minutos. O perodo de amostragem baseou-se nos

    estudos realizados por Laval (1970), iniciando-se apso crepsculo vespertino e tendo duraes dirias dequatro horas, totalizando, ao longo do estudo, umesforo de captura total de 26.880 m2.h, seguindocritrios de Straube & Bianconi (2002).

    Para a identificao dos morcegos, um casal de cadaespcie foi morto com dose letal de tiopental sdico,fixado em frasco contendo formol 10% e conservadoem lcool 70%. Posteriormente, os espcimes foramidentificados com o auxlio de microscpioestereoscpico, conforme Vieira (1942), Husson(1962), Vizoto & Taddei (1973) e Jones & Carter(1976), confirmados por Isaac Passos Lima

    (Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro) edepositados no Laboratrio de Zoologia daUniversidade Paranaense,campus de Cianorte. Osdemais morcegos capturados foram libertados aps acoleta de dados.

    O material fecal foi coletado no momento da captura,ou em sacos de pano, onde os animais foram mantidos.Sementes aderidas aos plos dos morcegos tambmforam coletadas. No laboratrio as fezes foramdesmanchadas com gua em placas de Petri e assementes encontradas foram observadas em

    microscpio estereoscpico, sendo identificadas aonvel de espcie, atravs da comparao com materialpreviamente coletado na rea de estudo durante operodo de realizao da pesquisa, haja vista ainexistncia de trabalhos anteriores.

    As amostras que continham uma nica espcie desemente foram consideradas como uma nica amostrae aquelas que apresentaram duas ou mais sementes deespcies diferentes foram consideradas como duas oumais amostras. Sendo assim, o nmero para clculo dadieta foi considerado o total das amostras produzidaspor cada espcie de morcego. Para a verificao dacomposio da dieta das quatro espcies dos morcegosfilostomdeos, as estaes do ano foram preconizadasda seguinte forma: primavera - outubro a dezembro;vero - janeiro a maro; outono - abril a junho e; inverno- julho a setembro. Para a anlise dos dados foi efetuadoo clculo da porcentagem de ocorrncia das espciesde morcegos capturadas, bem como dos itensalimentares para cada espcie de morcego. Os dadosreferentes variao sazonal e dos componentes dadieta foram submetidos ao teste de qui-quadrado.

    RESULTADOS

    Ao final do estudo foram capturados 575 filostomdeos

    Figura 1. Localizao do Parque Municipal do Cinturo Verdede Cianorte - Paran e pontos de coleta de dados.

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    frugvoros, pertencentes a quatro espcies, trs gnerose a duas subfamlias. Entre os representantes dasubfamlia Stenodermatinae, Artibeus lituratus (Olfers,1818) foi a espcie mais freqentemente capturada,com 395 exemplares (68,7%) e 41 amostras de fezes.Alm disso, foram coletados 44 espcimes de Artibeus

    fimbriatus (Gray, 1838) (7,6%) e 90 de Sturnira lilium(E. Geoffroy, 1810) (15,7%), com 09 e 16 amostras defezes, respectivamente. Com 46 indivduos (8,0%),Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758), foi a nicaespcie representante da subfamlia Carolliinae, com19 amostras fecais. Do total de 85 amostras de fezes,80 continham sementes, trs restos de insetos e duasapresentavam polpa de frutos no identificveis. Asplantas consumidas pelos morcegos representaramquatro famlias e dez espcies (Tabela 1).

    Comparando-se o nmero de amostras fecais para cadaespcie de morcego ao longo das estaes do ano,

    notou-se um menor nmero destas durante o outono(18; 21,2%), seguido de um acrscimo no inverno (19;22,4%). As estaes mais quentes foram marcadas porum maior nmero de amostras de fezes, como o casoda primavera (23; 27,0%), culminando com o vero(25; 29,4%). O teste do qui-quadrado revelou que nohouve diferena significativa na dieta alimentar para

    A. fimbriatus durante as estaes do ano, enquanto paraas demais espcies houve diferena significativa nacomposio do alimento (Tabela 2).

    Ao longo da primavera, A. lituratus forneceu seteamostras de fezes (30,5%) do total de material coletado,

    tendo preferncia porP. glabratum, C. glaziouii, C. pachyst achya e S. diflorum , alm de polpa sem

    sementes. Ar tibeus fimbriatus , apresentou duasamostras (8,7%), sendo que C. glaziouii foi o nicocomponente da dieta.Sturnira lilium, forneceu cincoamostras (21,7%), compostas por sementes dasseguintes espcies vegetais:S. diflorum , S. americanumeP. glabratum, enquanto nove amostras (39,1%) foramoriundas deC. perspicillata, apresentando um grandeconsumo deP. glabratum e de P. hispidum e, emquantidades menores, restos de insetos e frutos de F.insipida (Tabela 3).

    Na estao do vero, A. lituratus consumiu quaseexclusivamente frutos deC. pachystachya e C.glaziouii, havendo nas fezes, tambm, sementes deF.organensis , P. glabratum, F. insipida e restos de insetos(15; 60,0%). Artibeus fimbriatus apresentou em suadietaF. insipida, C. glaziouii e C. pachystachya (trs;12,0%). As quatro amostras fecais deS. liliumcompreenderam 16,0% do total coletado, abrangendo

    frutos de P. glabratum, C. glaziouii e S. diflorum .Carollia perspicillata teve preferncia por frutos deP.glabratum e deS. diflorum , com trs amostras (12,0%).

    Durante a estao do outono, A. lituratus apresentou10 amostras fecais (55,6%), compostas,principalmente, porF. insipida e F. enormis . Frutos deC. pachystachya, P. glabratum e S. diflorum tambmforam encontrados. Os espcimes de A. fimbriatusapresentaram duas amostras (11,2%) compostas deF.insipida e F. organensis. Sementes deSolanumdiflorum foram identificadas apenas paraS. lilium ,totalizando trs amostras (16,6%), enquantoC.

    perspicillata , com trs amostras, (16,6%), alimentou-se deP. glabratum .

    Tabela 1. Itens alimentares da dieta de quatro espcies de morcegos do Parque Municipal do Cinturo Verde deCianorte - Paran, sendo: N= nmero de ocorrncias de cada item e PO = porcentagem de ocorrncia (%)

    Plantas Artibeus lituratus Artibeus fimbriatus Sturnira lilium Carollia perspicillata(Famlias/Espcies) N PO N PO N PO N POCecropiaceae Cecropia glaziouii Sneth 07 17,1 05 55,6 01 6,2 - - Cecropia pachystachya Trec. 10 24,4 01 11,1 - - - -Moraceae Ficus enormis Mart. Ex Miq. 02 4,9 - - - - - - Ficus insipida Willd 09 21,9 03 33,3 - - 02 10,5 Ficus organensis Miq. 03 7,3 - - 01 6,2 - -Piperaceae Piper glabratum Kenth 05 12,2 - - 02 12,5 12 63,2 Piper hispidum Sw. - - - - - - 02 10,5Solanaceae Solanum diflorum Vell 4,9 - - 07 43,8 01 5,3 Solanum americanum Mill - - - - 05 31,3 - -Polpa sem sementes 02 4,9 - - - - - -Restos de insetos 01 2,4 - - - - 02 10,5Total 41 100 09 100 16 100 19 100

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    Tabela 2. Variao sazonal da dieta de quatro espcies de morcegos do Parque Municipal do Cinturo Verde deCianorte - Paran, sendo: N= nmero de ocorrncias e PO= freqncia de ocorrncia (%).

    Espcie Estaes do ano N PO Valores de pPrimavera 07 17,1

    A. lituratus Vero 15 36,6 p < 0,05*

    Outono 10 24,4Inverno 09 21,9Primavera 02 22,2

    A. fimbriatus Vero 03 33,4 p > 0,05Outono 02 22,2Inverno 02 22,2

    Primavera 05 31,3S. lilium Vero 04 25,0 p < 0,05*

    Outono 03 18,7Inverno 04 25,0

    Primavera 09 47,4C. perspicillata Vero 03 15,8 p < 0,05*

    Outono 03 15,8Inverno 04 21,0

    * Teste de qui-quadrado

    Tabela 3. Itens componentes da dieta de quatro espcies de morcegos do Parque Municipal do Cinturo Verde deCianorte - Paran, sendo: N= nmero de ocorrncias e PO= freqncia de ocorrncia (%).

    Espcie Item alimentar N PO Valores de pFicus insipida Willd 02 10,5

    Piper glabratum Kenth 12 63,2C. perspicillata Piper hispidum Sw. 02 10,5 p < 0,05*

    Solanum diflorum Vell 01 5,3Restos de insetos 02 10,5

    Cecropia glaziouii Sneth 07 17,1Cecropia pachystachya Trec. 10 24,4Ficus enormis Mart. Ex Miq. 02 4,9

    Ficus insipida Willd 09 22,0Ficus organensis Miq. 03 7,3 p < 0,05*

    A. lituratus Piper glabratum Kenth 05 12,2Solanum diflorum Vell 02 4,9Polpa sem sementes 02 4,8

    Restos de insetos 01 2,4Cecropia glaziouii Sneth 05 55,6

    A. fimbriatus Cecropia pachystachya Trec. 01 11,1 p < 0,05*Ficus insipida Willd 03 33,3

    Cecropia glaziouii Sneth 01 6,2Ficus organensis Miq. 01 6,2

    S. lilium Piper glabratum Kenth 02 12,5 p < 0,05*Solanum diflorum Vell 07 43,8Solanum americanum Mill 05 31,3

    * Teste de qui-quadrado

    Com relao ao material coletado durante o inverno,nove amostras (47,5%), compostas por sementes deF.insipida, F. organensis , P. glabratum e C. glaziouiipertenciam a A. lituratus , duas (10,5%), contendosementes deC. glaziouii foram encontradas nas fezesde A. fimbriatus, quatro amostras (21,0%), constitudasde sementes deS. americanum e S. diflorum , foram

    obtidas das fezes deS. lilium e quatro (21,0%)compostas porP. glabratum , F. insipida e restos de

    insetos foram oriundas deC. perspicillata.

    O teste do qui-quadrado mostrou que houve diferenasignificativa com relao aos componentes consumidospelas espcies de morcegos, notando-se a prefernciapor determinados itens, bem como o compartilhamentodesses.

    DISCUSSO

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    As quatro espcies de filostomdeos tiveram uma dietaespecializada em determinadas famlias de plantas.

    Art ibeus li turatus e A. fimbria tus, apresentarampreferncia por frutos de Cecropiaceae e Moraceae,S.lilium aos frutos da famlia Solanaceae eCarollia

    perspicillata aos frutos de Piperaceae e Cecropiaceae.Estes resultados corroboram com os obtidos por Faria(1996), Costaet al . (2000), Mello (2002), Passoset al . (2003) e Passos & Graciolli (2004).

    Artibeus lituratus e A. fimbriatus exibiram uma dietamais ampla que as demais espcies analisadas. SegundoFogaa (2003), essas espcies tm uma elevadaplasticidade alimentar, sendo, reconhecidamente,oportunistas. Esses dados confirmam os resultadosobtidos por Muller & Reis (1992), na regio deLondrina. Quando os alimentos so abundantes, o itemde maior preferncia escolhido e, quando h escassez,as variedades disponveis so utilizadas, permitindoque esses animais se adaptem a diferentes situaes deofertas de alimento (Passos & Graciolli 2004).

    Observou-se que o consumo dos frutos ocorreu deacordo com a sua abundncia nas estaes do ano,provavelmente, em funo do seu perodo dematurao. Sendo assim, durante o outono, A. lituratusalimentou-se de uma maior quantidade deFicus e,durante a primavera, houve um consumo elevado dePiper e Cecropia . J nos resultados obtidos por Reiset al . (1999), em estudos na regio do Municpio deTelmaco Borba, a preferncia foi por frutos do gneroSolanum , no outono, e por frutos deFicus, Solanum eCecropia, na primavera. Esse fato poderia estarrelacionado disponibilidade de alimento da regio.

    Sementes do gneroSolanum tiveram umaporcentagem elevada nas fezes deSturnira lilium .Porm observou-se, tambm, um percentualsignificativo de frutos da famlia Piperaceae, indicandoassim, a preferncia por frutos do referido gnero e acomplementao da dieta com outros componentes.Tais informaes vo ao encontro dos relatos deFleming (1986) e de Muller & Reis (1992), que

    observaram para estes animais, alm da preferncia porSolanum , a ingesto de frutos dos gnerosFicus, Piper e Cecropia .

    Em relao espcieC. perspicillata , os componentesmais consumidos foram os frutos da famliaPiperaceae . Mikich (2002), Reiset al . (1993) e Reiset al . (1999) obtiveram dados semelhantes. SegundoGardner (1977), as piperceas constituem umimportante recurso alimentar para essa espcie. Ointenso consumo desses itens na primavera e no outonopode estar relacionado ao perodo de frutificao dosmesmos (Lima & Reis 2004). Alm disso, foramencontrados restos de insetos na dieta de A. lituratus e

    C. perspicillata. De acordo com Gardner (1977) eMikich (2002), embora os morcegos dessas espciesalimentem-se principalmente de frutos, podemcomplementar sua dieta com insetos.

    A dieta dos morcegos frugvoros do Parque Municipaldo Cinturo Verde de Cianorte est em conformidadecom os resultados obtidos por outros autores e sugerema utilizao de outros mtodos de estudo, tais comoobservaes diretas ou em poleiros de alimentao, quepodero gerar informaes mais abrangentes sobre aecologia alimentar desses animais. Alm disso, osdados sugerem que a sazonalidade climtica poderiainfluenciar na disponibilidade e no uso dos recursosalimentares dos morcegos.

    AGRADECIMENTOS

    Agradecemos Universidade Paranaense, peloincentivo e apoio financeiro; a Llian Sato, Kelly MariOhi, Gustavo Barizon Maranho, Slvia Regina Ferreira,Sandra Mara Milani Nishimura, merson Jamber,Marcelo Aparecido Marques, Regiane Anderson eDaniela Aparecida Testa, pela participao e auxlionas coletas de campo; ao Ms. Isaac Passos de Lima,pela confirmao das espcies de morcegos; a Prof a.Dra. Ana Odete Santos Vieira e Prof a. Dra. CssiaMnica Sakuragui pela identificao das exsicatas e;aos professores Ms. Patrcia da Costa Zonetti, Ms.Gledson Vigiano Bianconi, Ms. Flvio Brando Silvae Esp. Marcos Magalhes pelas sugestes nomanuscrito.

    REFERNCIASBobrowiec P. E. D. 2003.Padro alimentar de

    morcegos frugvoros em reas alteradas naAmaznia Central. Dissertao (Mestrado),Instituto de Pesquisas da Amaznia, Manaus, 69p.

    Cioffi H., I. V. Praxedes, I. A. T. Varella & W. K.Mesquita. 1995.Cianorte: sua histria contada pelospioneiros. Grfica Ideal, Maring. 440p.

    Costa E. F., N. R. Reis, J. S. Flix, & I. P. Lima. 2000.Preferncia alimentar dos morcegos frugvoros naregio de Londrina, PR. XXIII Anais do CongressoBrasileiro de Zoologia, Cuiab, Mato Grosso p. 78.

    Faria, D. M. 1996.Uso de recursos alimentares pormorcegos filostomdeos fitfagos na reserva deSanta Catarina, Campinas, So Paulo. Dissertao(Mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas,Campinas, 100p.

    Fleming, T. H. 1986. Oportunism vs. specialization:the evolution of feeding strategies in frugivorous bats.In: Estrada, A. & T. H. Fleming (Eds.).Frugivores

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    and seed dispersal. Dordrecht: Dr. W. JunkPublishers, 1986. p. 105-118.

    Fogaa F. N. O. 2003.Chiroptera (Mammalia) doParque Florestal Rio da Ona (Matinhos, PR).Dissertao (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal doParan, Curitiba. 56p.

    Galetti M. & L. P. C. Morellato. 1994. Diet of the largefruit eating bat Artibeus lituratus in a florest fragmentin Brazil.Mammalia 58(4): 661-665.

    Garcia Q. S., J. L. P. Rezende & L. M. S. Aguiar. 2000.Seed dispersal by bats in a disturbed area of Southeastern Brazil.Revista de Biologa Tropical48(1): 125-128.

    Gardner A. L. Feeding habits. 1977. In: Biology of batsof the New World, Family Phyllostomatidae. Part II.Baker, R. J., J. K. Jones Jr, & D. C. Carter (Eds.).Special Publication of the Museum, Texas TechUniversity, Lubbock 13: 239-350.

    Husson A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. ZoologischeVerhandelingen. Leiden. 58: 1-282.

    Jones J. K. & D. C. Carter. 1976. Annotated checklist,with keys to subfamilies and genera. In: Biology of bats of the new world family Phyllostomidae, part I.Special Publications Museum Texas TechUniversity, Lubbock 10: 7-38.

    Kunz T. H.Ecology of bats. 1982. Plenum Press, NewYork.

    Laval R. K. Banding returns and activity periods of some costa rican bats. 1970.The SouthwesternNaturalist. 15(1): 1-10.

    Lima I. P. & N. R. Reis. 2004. The availability of Piperaceae and the search for this resource byCarollia perspicillata (Linnaeus) (Chiroptera,Phyllostomidae, Carollinae) in Parque MunicipalArthur Thomas, Londrina, Paran, Brasil. RevistaBrasileira de Zoologia 21(2): 371-377.

    Mello M. A. R.Interaes entre o morcegoCarollia perspici ll at a (Linnaeus, 1758) (Chiroptera:Phyllostomidae) e plantas do gnero Pipe r(Linnaeus, 1737) (Piperales: Piperaceae) em umarea de Mata Atlntica. 2002. Dissertao(Mestrado), Universidade de Campinas,Campinas.61p.

    Mikich S. B. 2002. A dieta dos morcegos frugvoros(Mammalia, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) de umpequeno remanescente de Floresta EstacionalSemidecidual do Sul do Brasil.Revista Brasileirade Zoologia 19(1): 239-249.

    Muller M. F. & N. R. dos Reis. 1992. Partio derecursos alimentares entre quatro espcies demorcegos frugvoros (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae).Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 9(3-4): 345-355.

    Nowak, R. M. 1994.Walkers Bats of the World.Introducion por Kunz T. H. & E. D. Pierson (Eds.).Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 287 p.

    Passos F. C. & G.Graciolli. 2004. Observaes da dietade Artibeus lituratus em duas reas do sul do Brasil.Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 21(3): 487-489.

    Passos F. C., W. R. Silva, W. A. Pedro & M. R. Bonin.2003. Frugivoria em morcegos no Parque EstadualIntervales, sudeste do Brasil.Revista Brasileira deZoologia 20(3):511-517.

    Peracchi A. L., I. P. Lima, N. R. dos Reis, M. R.Nogueira &. H. Ortncio Filho. 2006. OrdemChiroptera. In: Reis, N. R., A. L. Peracchi, W. A.Pedro & I. P. Lima.Mamferos do Brasil. Londrina:N. R. dos Reis. 153-230.

    Reis N. R., A. L. Peracchi & M. R. Onuk. 1993.Quirpteros de Londrina, Paran, Brasil, (Mammalia,Chiroptera).Revista Brasileira de Zoologia10(3):371-381.

    Reis N. R., A. L. Peracchi & M. L. Sekiama. 1999.Morcegos da Fazenda Monte Alegre, TelmacoBorba, Paran (Mammalia, Chiroptera).RevistaBrasileira de Zoologia 16(2):501-505.

    Sipinski E. A. B.& N. R. Reis. 1995. Dados ecolgicosdos quirpteros da reserva Volta Velha, Itapo, SantaCatarina, Brasil.Revista Brasileira de Zoologia12(3): 519-528.

    Straube F. C. & G. V. Bianconi. 2002. Sobre a grandezae a unidade utilizada para estimar esforo de capturacom utilizao de redes de neblina.ChiropteraNeotropical 8 (1-2): 150-152.

    Vieira C. O. C. 1942. Ensaio monogrfico sobre osquirpteros do Brasil.Arquivos de Zoologia doEstado de So Paulo, SP 3(8): 471.

    Vizoto L. D. & V. A. Taddei. 1973. Chave paradeterminao de quirpteros brasileiros.Boletim deCincias 1: 1-72.

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    DOIS NOVOS REGISTROS DE MORCEGOS (MAMMALIA, CHIROPTERA) PARA O CERRADO DOBRASIL CENTRAL

    Marlon Zorta1& Leonardo Aparecido Guimares Tomaz2

    1. Universidade Federal de Gois, Campus Jata - Br 364 km 192, Jata Gois 75801-615. e-mail:[email protected]

    2. Programa de Ps-Graduao em Ecologia e Evoluo - Universidade Federal de Gois -ICB I - CampusSamambaia, Goinia Gois 74001-970

    Abstract. New records of Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from Cerrado for the Central Brazil. Herein wereport two new occurrences of phyllostomids bats ( Mesophylla macconnelli and Artibeus concolor ) in the

    savanna habit (cerrado) in west-central Brazil. Mesophylla macconnelli was collected in the protected area of aprivate natural heritage reserve ( Reserva Particular do Patrimnio Natural Pousada das Araras ), in Serranpolismunicipality, Gois state. Artibeus concolor was trapped near Serra da Mesa reservoir, in Niquelndiamunicipality, Gois state. These records enlarge considerably the south distribution of the two species.

    Keywords: Bats; diversity; geographical range; savanna.

    O Cerrado o segundo maior bioma brasileiro com204.506.483 ha distribudo por vrios estados. Almde sua grande rea contnua, no planalto central do

    Brasil, enclaves de Cerrado so observados nos estadosda regio norte (Amap, Amazonas, Par e Roraima),na regio nordeste (Cear) e na regio sul (em pequenasilhas no Paran).

    Sua heterogeneidade espacial, com vriasfitofisionomias que vo desde campos abertos atformaes florestais, propicia uma grande diversidadede espcies, com estimativas de ocorrncia de 160 milespcies de plantas, animais e fungos (Oliveira &Marquis 2002, Aguiar & Zorta 2006). Cento e noventae quatro espcies de mamferos habitam as diferentesfisionomias do Cerrado brasileiro, sendo 42%

    compostos de espcies de morcegos (Marinho-Filhoet al. 2002). Uma recente compilao de dados dedistribuio de morcegos no Cerrado relaciona 105espcies para o bioma, o que equivale a 80% da faunatotal de morcegos do Brasil (Aguiar & Zorta 2006).

    Apesar desta grande diversidade, vale ressaltar que ostrabalhos realizados sobre a composio taxonmicano bioma so escassos e muitas reas ainda no foramamostradas (Gonalves & Gregorin 2004; Aguiar &Zorta 2006).

    Este trabalho relata duas novas ocorrncias de

    morcegos para o Cerrado do planalto Central,

    aumentando significativamente a distribuio ao suldas duas espcies. Os dados apresentados soresultados de dois inventrios realizados em reas

    distintas no estado de Gois. Mesophylla macconnelli Thomas, 1901

    A sistemtica de Mesophylla tema de discusso emcurso, podendo constituir um grupo parafiltico comVampyressa ou ser um sinnimo jnior de Ectophyllaou at mesmo deVampyressa (ver Wettereret al. 2000;Tavareset al. no prelo). O nome genrico Mesophyllafoi mantido neste estudo, seguindo a recentecompilao de Simmons (2005).

    Este gnero monotpico e sua distribuio inclui a

    Amrica Central da Nicargua at Trinidad, Peru,Bolvia e Amaznia Brasileira (Simmons 2005).Estudos prvios tm indicado a presena desta espcieno Brasil apenas na regio norte, nos estados do Par(Handley 1967; Marques-Aguiar & Aguiar 2002;Bernard & Fenton 2002), Amazonas (Reis & Peracchi1987; Bernard 2001), Amap (Peracchi et al. 1984),Roraima (Robinson 1998), Acre (Nogueiraet al. 1999)e centro-oeste do Mato Grosso (Pineet al. 1970)(Figura 1). Embora tenha distribuio geogrficaampla, esta espcie localmente incomum. umaespcie de pequeno porte, com peso entre 7 9 g; emedida de antebrao entre 29 33 mm (Emmons &Feer 1997). considerada uma espcie de hbito

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    frugvoro, podendo formar pequenos grupos abrigadosem tendas (Foster 1992).

    Em abril de 2001 foi coletada em mata de galeria daReserva Particular do Patrimnio Natural Pousada dasAraras (18o 25 S e 52o 00 W - 600 m), localizada nomunicpio de Serranpolis, sudoeste do estado deGois, uma nica fmea adulta, sem atividadereprodutiva aparente. As caractersticas do exemplaresto de acordo com o descrito para a espcie comdestaque para a colorao amarelada brilhante dasorelhas e folha nasal. As dimenses do exemplar soapresentadas na Tabela 1 e esto dentro da amplituderegistrada para a espcie, de acordo com os trabalhosde Swanepoel & Genoways (1979), Willig (1983) eCharles-Dominique (1990).

    Este o primeiro registro de M. macconnelli para oBrasil central, aumentando significativamente suadistribuio ao sul (Figura 1). A espcie j havia sidocitada para o Cerrado, em enclaves na Amaznia,

    prximo ao rio Tapajs, em Alter do Cho (Bernard &Fenton 2002, Aguiar & Zorta no prelo).

    Artibeus concolor Peters, 1865

    Esta pequena espcie de Artibeus foi classificada emum novo gnero (Koopmania ) por Owen (1991).Porm, o nome tem sido mais bem aplicado para adesignao de um subgnero de Artibeus (ver Simmons2005).

    Aparentemente endmica a Amrica do Sul, suadistribuio inclui Guiana, Suriname, Guiana Francesa,Venezuela, Colmbia, Brasil e Peru (Genoways &Williams 1979; Eisenberg & Redford 1999; Simmons2005). No Brasil, esta espcie bem documentada paraa Amaznia (Tavareset al. 2006), incluindo enclavesde Cerrado prximo ao rio Tapajs (Bernard & Fenton2002). Willig (1983) registrou esta espcie em enclavede Cerrado da Caatinga na Chapada do Araripe, emCrato no Cear.

    O presente trabalho vem registrar a primeira ocorrnciade A. concolor para o Brasil Central. Um nico machofoi coletado com rede de neblina em um ambientefragmentado de cerradosensu stricto na rea da

    Tabela 1. Medidas externas e craniais (em mm) de Mesophylla macconnelli e Artibeus concolor do Cerrado de Gois, Brasil.

    Mesophylla macconnelli Artibeus concolor

    Fmea MachoExternasPeso 9,1 -Antebrao 31,8 47,0Tbia 11,3 18,83 Metacarpo 32,3 47,21 falange 3 dedo 12,5 16,42 falange 3 dedo 16,5 25,43 falange 3 dedo 9,2 13,84 Metacarpo 32,4 46,01 falange 3 dedo 11 14,22 falange 3 dedo 11,6 17,25 Metacarpo 32,9 46,51 falange 3 dedo 9,5 12,32 falange 3 dedo 9,8 12,9CraniaisComprimento total 18,6 21,9Comprimento basal 17,3 21,3Largura posorbitria 4,8 5,5Largura da caixa craniana 8,3 10,0Largura mastidea 9,6 11,3Largura zigomtica - 13,3Largura externa molares 7,5 9,4Comprimento da mandbula 11,8 13,5Comp. srie de dentes superiores 6,2 7,3Comp. srie de dentes inferiores 7,0 5,4

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    Figura 1. Mapa com registros de Mesophylla macconnelli no territrio brasileiro, incluindo anova ocorrncia para o Cerrado em Serranpolis, Gois.

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    Figura 2. Mapa com registros de Artibeus concolor no Cerrado Brasileiro: Alter do Cho (Bernard &Fenton 2002), Chapada do Araripe (Willig, 1983) e o novo registro do Cerrado de Serra da Mesa emNiquelndia, Gois. Em destaque as siglas dos estados com registro de ocorrncia da espcie.

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    mineradora Anglo American, no entorno doreservatrio de Serra da Mesa, regio de Niquelndia,Gois (14 07 S 48 21 W 470 m). A rea de coleta bastante antropizada com acesso de muitos animaisexticos e domsticos, cortada por estradas de acesso

    a fazendas e reas da mineradora. O local de registrodista, em linha reta, 1250 km da Chapada do Araripe(a distribuio mais ao sul conhecida at ento) e 1500km de Alter do Cho, a outra rea de Cerrado comdistribuio da espcie (Figura 2).

    As medidas do exemplar de Niquelndia noapresentaram diferenas significativas das registradaspor Swanepoel & Genoways (1979), Brosset &Charles-Dominique (1990), Willig (1983), Simmons& Voss (1998) e Eisenberg & Redford (1999) paraespcimes da poro mais a norte de sua rea dedistribuio.

    AGRADECIMENTOSA Anglo American pelo apoio logstico e financeiro departe deste estudo. A Capes pela bolsa de estudoconcedido a L.A.G. Tomaz. Fabiano R. Melo pelaconfeco dos mapas. A E. Bernard e R. Gregorin pelareviso do manuscrito.

    REFERNCIASAguiar, L.M.S. & M. Zorta. 2006. A composio de

    espcies de morcegos nas reas do bioma Cerrado. In : S.M. Pacheco; R.V. Marques & C.E.L. Esbrard(Eds.).Morcegos do Brasil: Biologia, Sistemtica,Ecologia e Conservao. USEB Unio Sul-Americana de Estudos da Biodiversidade, Pelotas(no prelo).

    Bernard, E. 2001. Vertical stratification of batcommunities in primary forests of Central Amazon,Brazil.Journal of Tropical Ecology, Cambridge,17: 115- 126.

    Bernard, E. & B. Fenton. 2002. Species diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in forest fragments,

    primary forests and savannas in Central Amazonia,Brazil.Canadian Journal of Zoology, Ottawa,80:1124-1140.

    Eisenberg, J.F. & K.H. Redford. 1999.Mammals of the Neotropics. The Central Neotropics.Chicagoand London, Univ. Chicago Press, v. 3, 609p.

    Eiten, G. 1993. Vegetao do Cerrado, p. 17-74. In :M.N. PINTO (Ed.). Cerrado - caracterizao,ocupao e perspectivas. 2 Ed. EditoraUniversidade de Braslia, Braslia.

    Emmons, L.H. & F. Feer. 1997.Neotropical rainforestmammals. A field guide. 2nd ed. Chicago, University

    of Chicago Press. 307p.

    Foster, M. S. 1992. Tent roots of Macconnells bat(Vampyressa macconnelli ).Biotropica, Washington,D.C.,24 (3): 447-454.

    Genoways, H.H. & S.L. Williams. 1979. Record of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname.Annalsof Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh,48: 323-335.

    Gonalves, E. & R. Gregorin 2004. Quirpteros daEstao Ecolgica Serra das Araras, Mato Grosso,Brasil, com o primeiro registro de Artibeus gnomuse A. anderseni para o Cerrado.Lundiana, BeloHorizonte,5: 143-149.

    Handley, C.O., JR. 1967. Bats of the canopy of anAmazonian forest.Atas do Simpsio sobre a BiotaAmaznica, Zoologia, Manaus,5: 211-215.

    Machado, R.B.; M.B. Ramos Neto; P.G.P. Pereira; E.F.Caldas; D.A. Gonalves; N.S. Santos; K. Tabor &M. Steininger. 2004.Estimativas de perda da reado Cerrado brasileiro. Relatrio tcnico nopublicado. Conservao Internacional, Braslia, DF.

    Marinho-Filho, J.; F.H.G Rodrigues & K.M. Juarez.2002. The Cerrado mammals: Diversity, Ecology, andNatural History, p. 266-284. In : P.S. Oliveira & R.J.Marquis (Eds.).The Cerrados of Brazil. Ecologyand Natural History of a Neotropical Savanna.Columbia University Press, New York. 398p.

    Marques-Aguiar, S.A. & G.F.S. AGUIAR. 2002.Interaes de quirpteros em ecossistemas tropicais:perspectivas de estudo para Caxiuan, p. 651-668.

    In . P.L. LISBOA (Ed.). Caxiuan. Populaestradicionais, meio fsico e diversidade biolgica.Belm: Museu Paraense Emlio Goeldi, 734p.

    Oliveira, P.S. & R.J. Marquis. 2002.The Cerrados of Brazil. Ecology and Natural History of aNeotropical Savanna. Columbia University Press,New York. 398p.

    Owen, R.D. 1991. The systematic status of Dermanuraconcolor (Peters 1865) (Chiroptera:Phyllostomidae), with description of a new genus.Bulletin of the American Museum of NaturalHistory,New York,206: 18-25.

    Nogueira, M.R.; A. Pol & A.L. Peracchi. 1999. Newrecords of bats from Brazil with a list of additionalspecie for the chiropteran fauna of the state of Acre,western Amazon basin.Mammalia, Paris,63 (3):363-368.

    Peracchi, A. L.; S.D.L. Raimundo & A.M. Tannure.1984. Quirpteros do Territrio Federal do Amap.

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    Arquivos da Universidade Federal do Rio deJaneiro, Rio de Janeiro7 (2): 89-100.

    Pine, R.H.; I.R. Bishop; R.L. Jackson. 1970.Preliminary list of mammals of the Xavantina/ Cachimbo expedition (central Brazil).Transactionsof the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine andHygiene, Londres, 64: 668-670.

    Reis, N.R. & A.L. Peracchi. 1987. Quirpteros daregio de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil (Mammalia,Chiroptera).Boletim do Museu Paraense EmlioGoeldi, Srie Zoologia,Belm,3 (2): 161-182.

    Robinson, F. The bats of the Ilha de Marac, p. 165-187. In : W. Milliken & J.A. Ratter (Eds.).Marac:The Biodiversity and Environment of anAmazonian Rainforest. 1998.

    Simmons, N.B. & R. S. Voss. 1998. The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana: a Neotropical lowlandrainforest fauna part 1. Bats.Bulletin of theAmerican Museum of Natural History, New York,237: 1-218.

    Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. PP. 312-529.in : Mammal species of the World: a taxonomicand geographic reference, Third Edition, Volume1 (D.E. Wilson and D.M Reeder, eds.). JohnsHopkins University Press.

    Swanepoel, P. & H.H. Genoways, 1979.Morphometrics, p. 13-106. In : R.J. BARKER; J.K.JONES JR. & D.C. CARTER (Eds.).Biology of Bats of the New World Family Phyllostomatidae, Part III.

    Special Publication Museum Texas Tech University,Lubbock.

    Tavares, V.C.; R. Gregorin, & A.L. Peracchi. 2006. ADiversidade de Morcegos no Brasil. In : S.M.PACHECO; R.V. MARQUES & C.E.L. ESBRARD (Eds.).Morcegos do Brasil: Biologia, Sistemtica,Ecologia e Conservao. USEB - Unio Sul-Americana de Estudos da Biodiversidade, Pelotas(no prelo).

    Wetterer, A.L.; M.V. Rockman & N.B. Simmons. 2000.Phylogeny of phyllostomid bats (Mammalia:Chiroptera): data from diverse morphologicalsystems, sex chromosomes, and restriction sites.Bulletin of the American Museum of NaturalHistory,New York,248: 1-200.

    Willig, M.R. 1983.Composition, microgeographicvariation, and sexual dimorphism in Caatinga andCerrado bat communities from northeast Brazil.Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History,Pittsburgh23: 1-131.

    Willig, M.R. & M.P. Moulton. 1989. The role of stochastic and deterministic processes in structuringNeotropical bat communities.Journal of Mammalogy, Lawrence, 70(2):323-329.

    Wilson, D.E. & D.M. Reeder. 1993.Mammal Speciesof the World, a Taxonomic and GeographicReference. 3rd Ed. Johns Hopkins University Press2.142 p.

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    NEW EVIDENCE OF BAT PREDATION BY THE WOOLLY FALSE VAMPIRE BAT C HROTOPTERUS AURITUS

    Marcelo Rodrigues Nogueira1, Leandro Rabello Monteiro1 & Adriano Lcio Peracchi21 - Laboratrio de Cincias Ambientais - CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, 28013-600,

    Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil. [email protected]; [email protected] - Laboratrio de Mastozoologia - IB, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000,

    Seropdica, RJ, Brasil. [email protected]

    Abstract: We report on an additional evidence of bat predation byChrotopterus auritus . Our record was obtainedduring a single net session, when a femaleC. auritus was captured with a partially eatenCarollia perspicillata .Preliminary data suggest that this latter species is very abundant in the region (a lowland Atlantic Forest area innorthern Rio de Janeiro state), corroborating the view ofC. auritus as an opportunistic feeder.

    Keywords: Atlantic forest, carnivory,Carollia perspicillata , Phyllostominae, southeastern Brazil

    In the Neotropical region, bats with carnivorous feedinghabits (excluding fish-eaters) appear to have evolvedonly in the speciose family Phyllostomidae, and, withinthis, only among phyllostomines (sensu Wettereret al .2000). In this latter group, the incidence of carnivoryhas been shown to be strongly related with bats bodysize, with the larger species relying predominantly(Chrotopterus auritus ) or almost integrally (Vampyrumspectrum ) on vertebrate prey (Giannini & Kalko 2005).These large bats are easily kept in captivity, where theypromptly accept, and efficiently manage, other bats asprey (Greenhall 1968, Peracchi & Albuquerque 1976,McCarthy 1987, Medelln 1988). In the wild, however,available evidence suggests thatC. auritus prey mainlyon rodents andV. spectrum on birds (Bonatoet al .2004), with only a few records reporting batconsumption (e.g., Acosta Y Lara 1951, Arita & Vargas1995, Bonatoet al . 2004, Bordignon 2005). While thismay reflect an actual minor (if so) participation of batsin their diet (e.g., Medelln 1988, Vehrencampet al .

    1977), it must be considered that our knowledge onthe feeding habits of these species is far fromsatisfactory, which can be attributed, at least in part, tothe rareness in which both species occur in localassemblages (e.g. , Kalkoet al . 1996).

    On the night of 21 July 2006, we were collecting batsfor educational purposes at the Reserva BiolgicaUnio, municipality of Rio das Ostras, state of Rio deJaneiro, southeastern Brazil, when we find a femaleC.auritus entangled in one of our nets and at her side apartially eaten femaleCarollia perspicillata (head,chest and most part of the wings were missing; Fig. 1).Although we did not directly observe the bat hitting

    the net with its prey, we are not considering thepossibility of predation on the net, as recently attributedto the omnivorous batPhyllostomus hastatus (Opreaet al ., 2006). Not only was the time available forpredation insufficient (we were almost constantlyinspecting the nets and quickly noticed when theC.auritus was captured), but the bat was too entangled

    (and exhibiting little mobility on its arms) to be able toproduce the extensive damage we saw in the predatedbat. Additionally, non eatable bat parts, such as theforearms (lacking in the predatedCarollia ), were notfound under the net. Our evidence, therefore, pointstoward a natural predation event, not related to ourprocedures in the area.

    Our net session at Rebio Unio involved an effort of 90 net-meters-hours (three 6m nets exposed for fivehours) and was performed in a dirty road (trilha daJaqueira, 222610"S, 420301"W) surrounded bymature secondary lowland Atlantic Forest (seeRodrigues (2004) for a description of the diversifiedmosaic of natural habitats found at Rebio Unio). Thefemale was considered adult based on phalangealepiphyses ossification, but showed no sign of reproductive activity. It was captured at 20:30 PM andits forearm measured 88.8 mm. This specimenrepresented only 2% of our whole sample (N=44),which also included the following taxa:C. perspicillata(N=32),Sturnira lilium (N=5),Platyrrhinus lineatus(N=3), Desmodus rotundus (N=1),Phyllostomushastatus (N=1), andPygoderma bilabiatum (N=1). Allspecimens were released after examination, since our

    license did not include permission to collect vouchers.

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    Some authors have referred toC. auritus as anopportunistic feeder (e.g. , Sazima 1978, Bonatoet al .2004), which may also be the case at the Rebio Unio,whereC. perspicillata seems to be, by far, the mostabundant bat. Mello & Schittini (2005) also sampledbats at this locality and found a similar strongdominance ofC. perspicillata (84% of the 206individuals they captured). According to Fleming(1988), predation may play a significant role in thepopulation dynamics ofC. perspicillata , and may beevocated to explain why this bat seems to be lunarphobic (Mello, 2006). Our record, however, wasobtained during the darker phase of the moon, showingthat even under more favorable conditions the risk of predation may be present. The only previous records

    of bat predation onCarollia in the wild (and undernatural conditions) seems to be those from Fischeret al . (1997) and Bordignon (2005), both inside roosts,where most evidence of bat pre