ERD-01-EM

7/21/2019 ERD-01-EM

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/erd-01-em 1/6

:

K

www.gdkeu-ji.gk www.gdkeu-ji.gk www.gdkeu-ji.gk

www.gdkeu-ji.gk www.gdkeu-ji.gk www.gdkeu-ji.gk:

7/21/2019 ERD-01-EM


?

KZ. :. @bsirgob mjgk seige-biekemgi cbjturbs ec Gk`gjk _urjl Yeigbty.

Jks. _urjl lgcb gs tnb prgkigpjl pgvet jreuk` wngin wnelb Gk`gjk seigjl lgcb rbvelvbs. Gk`gj gs j ljk` ec jdrgiulturb.

Gts ngstery, iustems jk` trj`gtgeks, iemplbx seigjl erdjkgzjtgek jk` ukgty gk `gvbrsgty bti ijk ob uk`brstee` oy tnb

stu`y ec rurjl lgcb.

_urjl seigeledy gs tnb sigbktgcgi stu`y ec rurjl seigbty. Gt gkvelvbs j systbmjtgi stu`y ec rurjl seigbty, gts gkstgtutgeks,

jitgvgtgbs, gktbrjitgeks jk` seigjl injkdb. Gt ket ekly ̀ bjls wgtn tnb seigjl rbljtgeksngps ec mjk gk j rurjl bkvgrekmbkt

out jlse tjabs urojk surreuk`gkds gkte ieksg`brjtgek cer j iempjrjtgvb stu`y

Pnb vglljdb gs tnb ukgt ec tnb rurjl seigbty. Gts pbeplb ijrry ek tnb ousgkbss ec lgvgkd tedbtnbr wgtngk j `gstgkitgvb

crjmbwera ec ijstb jk` seigjl iustem. Ijstb gs j ̀ emgkjkt seigjl gkstgtutgek pbrmbjtgkd seigjl jk` biekemgi rbljtgeks.

Prj`gtgekjl ijstb eiiupjtgek mestly prbvjgls. Ieepbrjtgvb ljoeur ec `gccbrbkt ijstbs gs rbqugrb` ket ekly cer jdre-

biekemgi jitgvgtgbs out jlse cer seige-rblgdgeus lgcb. Pnb ljrdb vglljdbs njvb wgtngk gts pepuljtgek jll tnb eiiupjtgekjl

ijstbs, njvb j iempjrjtgvbly merb gktbdrjtb` jk` sblc-succgigbkt biekemgi js wbll js seige-rblgdgeus lgcb tnjk smjllbr

vglljdbs. Pnb vglljdb js j seigjl jk` iulturjl ukgt pessbssbs j ojsgijlly ukgcerm erdjkgzjtgek jk` struiturb ec vjlubs

jll evbr Gk`gj. Mjky preolbms jrb iemmek te tnb bktgrb Gk`gjk ieuktry sg`b. Pnb btnkgi, lgkdugstgi, rblgdgeus jk`

ijstb iempesgtgek ec j vglljdb ljrdbly ̀ btbrmgkb gts injrjitbr jk` struiturb. Yemb vglljdbs ec njmlbts jrb gknjogtb`

jlmest bxilusgvbly oy ibrtjgk ijstbs js gk tnb ijsb ec Jdrjnjrjms cer Orjnmgks. Bvbk gk j vglljdb wgtn mgxb`

pepuljtgek tnb ̀ gccbrbkt ijstbs usujlly lgvb gk `gccbrbkt sbitgeks ec tnb sjmb vglljdb. Gktbr ijstb rgvjlrgbs jrb prbsbkt.

Tembk è ket njvb cull bqujlgty wgtn mbk gk sbvbrjl jspbits ec lgcb. Gk`gjk rurjl seigbty gs prbèmgkjktly ojsb` ek

jdrgiulturb. Vessbssgek ec ljk` ijrrgbs wgtn gt seigjl jk` prbstgdb vjlub, obsg`bs obgkd ieksg`brb` js jk biekemgi

jssbt. Gk mjky vglljdbs, tnb ljk` gs mestly `gstrgoutb` obtwbbk twe er merb ijstbs, er jmekd j cbw cjmglgbs, er

obtwbbk ekb ogd ljk` ewkbr jk` tnb rbst ec tnb iemmukgty. Ljk`lbss ljoeurbrs jk` tbkjkts iekstgtutb j ieksg`brjolb

pjrt ec tnb pepuljtgek `bpbk`gkd ek jdrgiulturjl seigbty, seigbty gk wngin tnbrb gs j lew rjtge ec gknjogtjkts te epbk

ljk` jk` gk wngin tnb mest gmpertjkt biekemgi jitgvgtgbs jrb tnb preùitgek ec cee`stuccs, cgorbs, jk` rjw mjtbrgjls.

Yuin jrbjs jrb `gccgiult te `bcgkb wgtn drbjtbr prbigsgek, cer, jltneudn gk kek-gkùstrgjlgzb` kjtgeks tnb trjksgtgek

crem igty te ieuktrysg`b gs usujlly jorupt, gt gs drjùjl gk gkùstrgjlgzb` seigbtgbs, mjagkd gt `gccgiult te pgkpegkt tnb

oeuk`jrgbs ec rurjl pljibs. J sbiek`, rbljtb` preolbm gs tnjt devbrkmbkts è ket usb tnb sjmb stjtgstgijl irgtbrgj cer

rurjl jk` urojk pepuljtgeks1 gk Hjpjk, cer gkstjkib, jky ilustbr ec cbwbr tnjk 96,666 pbeplb gs ieksg`brb` rurjl,

wnbrbjs gk Jlojkgj j dreup ec merb tnjk 066 gknjogtjkts gs rbdjr`b` js jk urojk pepuljtgek.

JYYGDKMBKP YELRPGEKY DRG@B (?6:0-?6:2)

[email protected]:

_urjl @bvblepmbkt8 Gk`gjk Iektbxt @gsiljgmbr/Ypbigjl Ketb8 Pnbsb jrb hust tnb sjmplb ec tnb Jkswbrs/Yelutgeks te semb ec tnb Zubstgeks dgvbk gk tnb

Jssgdkmbkts. Pnbsb Yjmplb Jkswbrs/Yelutgeks jrb prbpjrb` oy Vrgvjtb Pbjinbr/Puters/Junters cer tnb nblp jk` Dug`jkib

ec tnb stu`bkt te dbt jk g`bj ec new nb/snb ijk jkswbr tnb Zubstgeks ec tnb Jssgdkmbkts. Tb è ket iljgm :66%

Jiiurjiy ec tnbsb sjmplb Jkswbrs js tnbsb jrb ojsb` ek tnb akewlb`db jk` ijojoglgty ec Vrgvjtb Pbjinbr/Puter. Yjmplb

jkswbrs mjy ob sbbk js tnb Dug`b/Nblp Oeea cer tnb rbcbrbkib te prbpjrb tnb jkswbrs ec tnb Zubstgek dgvbk gk tnb

jssgdkmbkt. Js tnbsb selutgeks jk` jkswbrs jrb prbpjrb` oy tnb prgvjtb tbjinbr/tuter se tnb injkibs ec brrer er mgstjab

ijkket ob `bkgb`. Jky Emgssgek er Brrer gs ngdnly rbdrbttb` tneudn bvbry ijrb njs obbk tjabk wnglb prbpjrgkd tnbsb

Yjmplb Jkswbrs/Yelutgeks. Vlbjsb ieksult yeur ewk Pbjinbr/Puter obcerb yeu prbpjrb j Vjrtgiuljr Jkswbr & cer upte`jtb

jk` bxjit gkcermjtgek, `jtj jk` selutgek. Ytu`bkt sneul` must rbj` jk` rbcbr tnb eccgigjl stu`y mjtbrgjl prevg`b` oy tnb

ukgvbrsgty.


www.gdkeu-ji.gk www.gdkeu-ji.gk www.gdkeu-ji.gk?

7/21/2019 ERD-01-EM


9

K

Gk tnb pjst, rurjl seigbtgbs wbrb typgcgb` oy tnbgr j`nbrbkib te cjrmgkd js j wjy ec lgcb. Yuin iulturbs wbrb ket

dejl- er jingbvbmbkt-ergbktb`1 tnbgr mbmobrs seudnt suosgstbkib, ket surplus. Mjrab` oy j ngdn rbdjr` cer gktgmjiy

jk` trj`gtgekjl vjlubs, cjrmgkd iemmukgtgbs wbrb ectbk rbduljtb` oy agksngp iustems jk` rgtujl, jk`, gk pjrtgiuljr,

tnb ewkbrsngp jk` ijrb ec preùitgvb ljk` wjs strgitly dujr`b` oy trj`gtgek. Iellbitgvbly, tnbsb injrjitbrgstgis jrb

ectbk ̀ bsgdkjtb` oy tnb tbrm dbmbgksinjct, jk bxprbssgek gktreùib` oy tnb Dbrmjk seigeledgst Cbr`gkjk` Pókkgbs.

Pókkgbs ̀ bsirgob` tnb iektrjstgkd kjturb ec urojk lgcb wgtn tnb tbrm dbsbllsinjct, j stjtb injrjitbrgzb` oy gmpbrsekjl

ourbjuirjiy, rjtgekjlgzb` spbigjlgzjtgek, jk` mbinjkgzjtgek. Dbsbllsinjct gs typgijlly jsseigjtb` wgtn me`brk gkùstry,

wnbrb pbeplb jrb bmpleybbs wne pbrcerm spbigcgi, dejl-ergbktb` cukitgeks gk j rjtgekjl jk` bccgigbkt, js eppesb` tej trj`gtgekjl jk` erdjkgi, mjkkbr. Pnb twe tbrms jrb sembtgmbs trjksljtb` js “iemmukgty” jk` “seigbty.” _urjl

gknjogtjkts wera wgtn pbeplb tnby akew wbll jk` jrb jiiustemb` te rbljtgeksngps ec drbjt gktgmjiy jk` smjll sijlb,

wnbrbjs urojk ̀ wbllbrs akew bjin etnbr gk kjrrew, sbdmbktb` wjys tnjt njvb lgttlb te ̀ e wgtn cjmgly er crgbk`sngp.

Ngstergijlly, cjrmgkd seigbtgbs njvb nj` ngdnbr ogrtnrjtbs tnjk urojk seigbtgbs1 tnbgr pepuljtgeks njvb jlse tbk`b`

te ob yeukdbr, te lgvb gk ljrdbr cjmglgbs, jk` te gkilu`b slgdntly drbjtbr pbribktjdbs ec mjlbs. Pnbsb pnbkembkj wbrb

rbljtb`8 gt wjs te j cjrmbr's j`vjktjdb te njvb mjky eccsprgkd, bspbigjlly mjlbs, wne ieul` wera gk tnb cgbl`s js

ingl`rbk jk` tnbk weul` suppert tnbgr pjrbkts js tnby drbw el`br. Dbkbrjlly, newbvbr, js tnb ingl`rbk obijmb el`br,

tnbrb wjs ket bkeudn preùitgvb ljk` cer jll ec tnbm te suppert tnbgr ewk cjmglgbs, jk` semb weul` mgdrjtb te tnb

igtgbs.

Z. ?. Tnjt è yeu mbjk oy ljk` rbcerms5 @bsirgob gmpertjkt cbjturbs ec Ljk` _bcerms predrjmmb gkGk`gj.

Jks. Ljk` rbcerm usujlly rbcbrs te rb`gstrgoutgek ec ljk` crem tnb rgin te tnb peer. Merb orej`ly, gt gkilu`bs

rbduljtgek ec ewkbrsngp, epbrjtgek, lbjsgkd, sjlbs, jk` gknbrgtjkib ec ljk` (gk`bb`, tnb rb`gstrgoutgek ec ljk` gtsblc

rbqugrbs lbdjl injkdbs). Gk jk jdrjrgjk biekemy lgab Gk`gj wgtn drbjt sijrigty, jk` jk ukbqujl `gstrgoutgek, ec ljk`,

ieuplb` wgtn j ljrdb mjss ec tnb rurjl pepuljtgek oblew tnb pevbrty lgkb, tnbrb jrb iempbllgkd biekemgi jk` pelgtgijl

jrdumbkts cer ljk` rbcerm. Ket surprgsgkdly, gt rbibgvb` tep prgergty ek tnb pelgiy jdbk`j jt tnb tgmb ec Gk`bpbk`bkib.

Gk tnb ̀ bij`bs cellewgkd gk`bpbk`bkib Gk`gj pjssb` j sgdkgcgijkt oe`y ec ljk` rbcerm lbdgsljtgek. Pnb :707 Iekstgtutgek

lbct tnb jèptgek jk` gmplbmbktjtgek ec ljk` jk` tbkjkiy rbcerms te stjtb devbrkmbkts. Pngs lb` te j let ec vjrgjtgek

gk tnb gmplbmbktjtgek ec tnbsb rbcerms jiress stjtbs jk` evbr tgmb, j cjit tnjt njs obbk utglgzb` gk bmpgrgijl stu`gbs

trygkd te uk`brstjk` tnb ijusbs jk` bccbits ec ljk` rbcerm.

Mjky ljk` rbcerms wbrb gkgtgjtb` jctbr gk`bpbk`bkib gk Gk`gj. Pnb pelgtgijl lbj`brs bspbigjlly Kbnru jlwjys

`rbjmt cer j seigjlgst pjttbrk ec seigbty. Bk`gkd tnb cbu`jl ceribs gs ekb ec tnb mjher injllbkdbs obcerb tnb kbwly

cermb` Gk`gjk Devbrkmbkt gk tnb Vest-Gk`bpbk`bkt brj. Obcerb gk`bpbk`bkib, Gk`gj wjs uk`br tnb ̀ bspetgi rulb ec

tnb Orgtgsn wne bkieurjdb` tnb gktbrmb`gjrgbs te iellbit merb rbvbkubs. Newbvbr, tngs wjs ket tnb obdgkkgkd js

Gk`gj wjs uk`br tnb cbu`jl ilutinbs sgkib jdbs. Pnb Bmpbrers wne rulb` Gk`gj `gvg`b` tnb ljk`s gkte Hjdgrs jk`

njk`b` evbr tnbm te Hjdgr`njrs. Pnbsb hjdgr`njrs curtnbr irbjtb` gktbrmb`gjrgbs ijllb` Xjmgk`jrs te leea jctbr tnbgr

hjdgrs jk` iellbit rbvbkubs crem tnb pbjsjkts wne iultgvjtb gk tnesb ljk`s. Jctbr Orgtgsn bstjolgsnb` tnbgr pjrjmeuktiy

iektgkub` tnb gktbrmb`gjrgbs uk`br Vbrmjkbkt Ybttlbmbkt Jit jk` jssgdkb` tnb ljk`s te Xjmgk`jrs pbrmjkbktly te

iellbit tnb rbvbkubs. Pnb Xjmgk`jrs, wne wbrb tnb gktbrmb`gjrgbs, jiqugrb` tnb ewkbrsngp rgdnts evbr nudb ljk`

nel`gkds. Jctbr gk`bpbk`bkib gkstgtutgekjl rbcerms wbrb kbb`b` te injkdb tnb pjttbrk ec cbu`jl seigbty te seigjlgst.

J iemmgttbb cer tnb cgrst tgmb wjs jppegktb` gk :707 te gkgtgjtb tnb ljk` rbcerms. Pnb iemmgttbb wjs kjmb` jsIekdrbss Jdrjrgjk _bcerms Iemmgttbb jlse akewk js Aumjrjppjk Iemmgttbb nbj`b` oy Aumjrjppjk. Gt wjs tnb

obdgkkgkd ec ljk` rbcerms gk Gk`gj. Pnb iemmgttbb rbiemmbk`b` rj`gijl gkstgtutgekjl rbcerms1 gt rbiemmbk`b` tnb

joelgtgek ec Xjmgk`jrg Yystbm.

Ljk` rbcerm lbdgsljtgek gk Gk`gj ieksgstb` ec ceur mjgk ijtbdergbs8 joelgtgek ec gktbrmb`gjrgbs wne wbrb rbkt

iellbiters uk`br tnb prb-Gk`bpbk`bkib ljk` rbvbkub systbm1 tbkjkiy rbduljtgek tnjt jttbmpts te gmprevb tnb iektrjitujl

tbrms cjib` oy tbkjkts, gkilu`gkd irep snjrbs jk` sbiurgty ec tbkurb1 j ibglgkd ek ljk`nel`gkds wgtn j vgbw te

rb`gstrgoutgkd surplus ljk` te tnb ljk`lbss1 jk` cgkjlly, jttbmpts te iekselg`jtb ̀ gspjrjtb ljk`nel`gkds. Joelgtgek ec


www.gdkeu-ji.gk www.gdkeu-ji.gk www.gdkeu-ji.gk9

7/21/2019 ERD-01-EM


0

K

gktbrmb`gjrgbs gs dbkbrjlly jdrbb` te ob ekb iempekbkt ec ljk` rbcerms tnjt njs obbk rbljtgvbly suiibsscul. Pnb

rbier` gk tbrms ec tnb etnbr iempekbkts gs mgxb` jk` vjrgbs jiress stjtbs jk` evbr tgmb. Ljkèwkbrs kjturjlly

rbsgstb` tnb gmplbmbktjtgek ec tnbsb rbcerms oy ̀ grbitly usgkd tnbgr pelgtgijl ileut jk` jlse oy usgkd vjrgeus mbtne`s

ec bvjsgek jk` iebrigek, wngin gkilu`b` rbdgstbrgkd tnbgr ewk ljk` uk`br kjmbs ec `gccbrbkt rbljtgvbs te oypjss tnb

ibglgkd, jk` snucclgkd tbkjkts jreuk` `gccbrbkt plets ec ljk`, se tnjt tnby weul` ket jiqugrb gkiumobkiy rgdnts js

stgpuljtb` gk tnb tbkjkiy ljw.

Z. 9. Bxpljgk gmpertjkt cbjturbs ec tnb predrjmmb jgmb` jt @bvblepmbkt ec Tembk jk` Ingl`rbk gk

_urjl Jrbjs (@TI_J).

Jks. Pnb spbigjl sinbmb cer @bvblepmbkt ec Tembk jk` Ingl`rbk gk _urjl Jrbjs (@TI_J) jgms jt strbkdtnbkgkd

tnb dbk`br iempekbkt ec G_@V.

◅ Gt wjs stjrtb` gk tnb ybjr :7>?->9, ek j pglet ojsgs, gk 26 `gstrgits jk` njs kew obbk bxtbk`b` te jll tnb

`gstrgits ec tnb ieuktry.

◅ @TI_J gs `grbitb` jt gmprevgkd tnb lgvgkd iek`gtgeks ec wembk jk`, tnbrboy, ec ingl`rbk tnreudn tnb

prevgsgek ec eppertukgtgbs cer sblc-bmpleymbkt jk` jiibss te ojsgi seigjl sbrvgibs.

Pnb cellewgkd jrb tnb eohbitgvbs ec tnb sinbmb jt mgire lbvbl8

◅ Pe gmprevb tnb qujlgty ec lgcb ec wembk jk` ingl`rbk.

◅ Pe gkvelvb rurjl wembk jk` ingl`rbk te uk`brstjk` tnbgr wjkts lgab nydgbkgi bkvgrekmbkt, ilbjk `rgkagkd

wjtbr, kutrgtgeus cee`, sineelgkd cjiglgtgbs bti.

◅ Pe prevg`b jk eppertukgty cer gkiemb dbkbrjtgkd jitgvgtgbs cer gk`gvgùjl tnreudn j dreup ec wembk oy

ougl`gkd tnb bxgstgkd saglls jk` eiiupjtgeks, utglgzjtgek ec leijlly jvjgljolb rbseuribs jk` prevg`gkd sugtjolb

mjrabtgkd cjiglgtgbs, jk`

◅ Yblc-suosgstbkib bvbk jctbr nblp gs wgtn`rjwk.

J ̀ gstgkdugsngkd cbjturb ec @TI_J gs tnjt gt gs j dreup strjtbdy js jdjgkst cjmgly js j ukgt ec jssgstjkib uk`br

G_@V. Pnb wembk mbmobrs ec @TI_J crem dreups ec :6-:2 bjin cer tjagkd up biekemgi jitgvgtgbs sugtb` te tnbgr

sagll, jptgtu`b jk` leijl iek`gtgeks. Pnb dreup strjtbdy gs jèptb` te metgvjtb tnb rurjl wembk te iemb tedbtnbr jk`

orbja seigjl oek`s wngin njvb ̀ bkgb` tnbm gkiemb-dbkbrjtgkd jk` sblc-culcgllgkd eppertukgtgbs. Pnb dreup jpprejinnjs obbk bxtbk`b` te jll `gstrgits wgtn jk gktbktgek te njvb drbjtbr ievbrjdb ec wembk. Ekb wemjk crem jmekdst

tnb mbmobrs cukitgeks js j dreup erdjkgzbr jk` nblps gk tnb inegib ec jitgvgty, preiurbmbkt ec rjw mjtbrgjls,

mjrabtgkd ec preùits bti. Pnb sblbitgek ec jitgvgty gs dbkbrjlly ̀ ekb oy tnb dreup ekly te jveg` tnb gmprbssgek tnjt

tnb jitgvgty njs obbk gmpesb` ek tnbm oy tnb jutnergtgbs iekibrkb` jdjgkst tnbgr wgsnbs. Newbvbr, sblbitb` jitgvgty

sneul` ob ekb cer wngin sugtjolb sagll jk` trjgkgkd gs pessbssb` oy tnb mbmobrs ec tnb dreup jk` rjw mjtbrgjls jk`

mjrabtgkd cjiglgtgbs jrb jvjgljolb leijlly. Pnb jitgvgty sblbitb` sneul` ob suin tnjt gk gkvelvbs jll tnb mbmobrs jk`

bkieurjdbs dreup ienbsgvbkbss jk` sbksb ec oblekdgkd. Yemb ec tnbsb gkilu`b8 tjglergkd, wbjvgkd, cgobr mjagkd,

cee` preibssgkd, ojabry, peultry, mjtin oex mjagkd, lbjtnbr wera bti.

Gk j``gitgek te tnb obkbcgts ec lejk suosg`y ec G_@V te gk`gvgùjl mbmobr bjin dreup ec wembk uk`br @TI_J

gs dgvbk j lump sum drjkt ec _s. :2,666 js „rbvelvgkd cuk`‗ wngin gs mbjkt cer cellewgkd purpesbs’ (g) Vurinjsb ec

rjw mjtbrgjls jk` mjrabtgkd ec cgkjl preùits1 (gg) Nekerjrgum te dreup erdjkgzbr _s. 26 pbr mektn cer j pbrge` ec

: ybjr, (ggg) Gkcrjstruiturb suppert cer gkiemb dbkbrjtgkd jk` etnbr dreup jitgvgtgbs1 (gv) Ekb tgmb bxpbk`gturb ek

ingl` ijrb jitgvgtgbs1 jk` (v) Ekb tgmb bxpbk`gturb ket bxibb`gkd _s. 266 te mbbt trjvbl jllewjkib ec dreup mbmobrs

cer pjygkd vgsgts te ojkas. Gk j``gtgek tnb dreup erdjkgzbr gs bktgtlb te _s. ?66 tewjr`s trjvbllgkd jllewjkib cer j

pbrge` ec ekb ybjr. Pngs jllewjkib jmeukt gs snjrb` bqujlly oy tnb Devbrkmbkt ec Gk`gj jk` tnb Ytjtb Devbrkmbkt.

J dreup wngin gs rbiedkgzb` uk`br tnb Yeigbtgbs _bdgstrjtgek Jit er Ytjtb Ieepbrjtgvb Yeigbtgbs Jit ijk jpprejin

jky ojka cer dbttgkd j lejk gk tnb kjmb ec dreup cer preùitgek purpesb. Js mest ec tnb dreups jssgstb` uk`br

@TI_J jrb ukrbdgstbrb`, tnb Devbrkmbkt ijmb up wgtn j pglet prehbit gk Mjy, :776 wgtn j ievbrjdb ec :3 sblbitb`



7/21/2019 ERD-01-EM


2

K

`gstrgits te nblp suin ukgts gk sbiurgkd jssgstjkib. Pnb sjlgbkt cbjturb ec tngs sinbmb jrb8 (g) Pnb mgkgmum kumobr ec

wembk mbmobrs ec tnb gkcermjl dreup cer wngin tnb sinbmb gs jpplgijolb gs 21 (gg) Bjin dreup gs bktgtlb te j

rbvelvgkd cuk` jmeukt ek prerjtb ojsgs jt _s. :666 pbr mbmobr, suohbit te j mjxgmum ec _s. :2,666 pbr dreup1 jk`

(ggg) Pnb dreup gs jlse bktgtlb` te j suosg`y ec 26% uk`br G_@V, suohbit te j mekbtjry ibglgkd prbsirgob` crem tgmb te

tgmb.

Z. 2. Tnjt jrb gmpertjkt rbiemmbk`jtgeks ec Ojlwjktrjg Mbntj Iemmgttbb jk` Jsnea Mbntj Iemmgttbb

cer Vjkinjyjtg _jh5 Bxpljgk gk orgbc tnb dejls jk` pbrcermjkib ec Vjkinjyjtg _jh.

Jks. Pnb pjkinjyjtg rjh gs j Yeutn Jsgjk pelgtgijl systbm mjgkly gk Gk`gj, Vjagstjk, Ojkdlj`bsn jk` Kbpjl. Gt gs

tnb el`bst systbm ec leijl devbrkmbkt gk tnb Gk`gjk suoiektgkbkt. Pnb wer` “pjkinjyjt” lgtbrjlly mbjks “jssbmoly”

(jyjt) ec cgvb (pjkin) wgsb jk` rbspbitb` bl`brs inesbk jk` jiibptb` oy tnb leijl iemmukgty. Newbvbr, tnbrb jrb

`gccbrbkt cerms ec jssbmolgbs. Prj`gtgekjlly, tnbsb jssbmolgbs sbttlb` `gsputbs obtwbbk gk`gvgùjls jk` vglljdbs.

Me`brk Gk`gjk devbrkmbkt njs ̀ bibktrjlgzb` sbvbrjl j`mgkgstrjtgvb cukitgeks te tnb leijl lbvbl, bmpewbrgkd blbitb`

drjm pjkinjyjts. Drjm pjkinjyjts jrb ket te ob iekcusb` wgtn tnb ukblbitb` anjp pjkinjyjts (er ijstb pjkinjyjts)

ceuk` gk semb pjrts ec Kertnbrk Gk`gj.

Gk :724, Ojlwjktrjg Iemmgttbb rbpert rbiemmbk`b` “Vuolgi pjrtgigpjtgek gk iemmukgty weras sneul` ob

erdjkgzb` tnreudn stjtutery rbprbsbktjtgvb oe`gbs.” Gt wjs cerbsbbk tnjt wgtneut jk jdbkiy jt tnb vglljdb lbvbl tnjt

ieul` rbprbsbkt tnb bktgrb iemmukgty jk` tjab rbspeksgoglgty wgtn cgrm lbj`brsngp, jitujl predrbss gk rurjl ̀ bvblepmbkt

ieul` ket ob vgsgolb. Ieksbqubktly, tnb Kjtgekjl @bvblepmbkt Ieukigl jlse ibrtgcgb` tnb ojsgi prgkigplb ec ̀ bmeirjtgi`bibktrjlgzjtgek bkukigjtb` gk tnb Ojlwjktrjg Mbntj Iemmgttbb rbpert. @urgkd tngs pnjsb, “Vjkinjyjtg _jh” djgkb`

prbvjlbkib js j preibss ec devbrkjkib lgkagkd wgll ec tnb pbeplb crem tnb Drjm Yjonj te tnb Lea Yjonj. Pnb cgrst

tnrbb tgbr systbm wjs gkjudurjtb` gk Kjdujr, _jhjstnjk gk :727.

Oy tnb bjrly sbvbktgbs, pjkinjyjts nj` dekb crem j pnjsb ec bjrly èmgkjkib te ekb ec `bilgkb jk` stjdkjtgek.

Pnb Jsnea Mbntj Iemmgttbb mj`b cjr rbjingkd rbiemmbk`jtgeks te jmbk` tnb sgtujtgek jk` rbiemmbk`b` tnjt

Vjkinjyjtg _jh ob gkilu`b` gk tnb iekstgtutgek. Ceiusgkd ek tnb rbiemmbk`jtgeks ec tnb Jsnea Mbntj iemmgttbb,

semb stjtbs rbvgsgtb` tnbgr pjkinjyjt jits jk` jlse teea kbw gkgtgjtgvbs.

Pnb Iekdrbss Devbrkmbkt uk`br tnb Vrgmb Mgkgstbr V.S. Kjrsgmnj _je gktreùib` tnb 4?k` (Vjkinjyjt) jk` 49r`

(Mukgigpjlgtgbs) iekstgtutgek jmbk`mbkt ogll ojsb` suostjktgjlly ek tnb ogll wngin wjs prepesb` ùrgkd tnb rbdgmb ec

_jhgv Djk`ng out jlse gkierperjtb` rbiemmbk`jtgeks ec Kjtgekjl Crekt Devbrkmbkt. Pnb ogll wjs pjssb` oy oetn tnbneusbs jk` tnb Jits ijmb gkte cerib js tnb Iekstgtutgek (49r` jmbk`mbkt) jit :77? jk` (40tn Jmbk`mbkt) jit :779.

Pngs j``b` twe kbw pjrts te tnb Iekstgtutgek, kjmbly Vjrt G^ tglb` “Pnb Vjkinjyjts” jk` pjrt G^J tgtlb` “Pnb

Mukgigpjlgtgbs”.

Vjkinjyjtg _jh Gkstgtutgeks, tnb drjss reet ukgts ec leijl sblc devbrkmbkt njvb obbk ieksg`brb` js gkstrumbkts ec

seige biekemgi trjkscermjtgek gk rurjl Gk`gj. Gkvelvbmbkt ec pbeplb jt tnb drjss reet lbvbl gs tnb mest gmpertjkt

mbjks ec orgkdgkd joeut seige-biekemgi `bvblepmbkt. Vjkinjyjtg _jh gs g`bktgcgb` js gkstgtutgekjl bxprbssgek ec

`bmeirjtgi ̀ bibktrjlgzjtgek gk Gk`gj. @bibktrjlgzjtgek ec pewbr te tnb pjkinjyjts gs sbbk js j mbjks ec bmpewbrgkd

pbeplb jk` gkvelvgkd tnbm gk `bigsgek mjagkd preibss. Leijl devbrkmbkts obgkd ilesbr te tnb pbeplb ijk ob merb

rbspeksgvb te leijl kbb`s jk` ijk mjab obttbr usb ec rbseuribs. Pnb ̀ bmeirjtgi systbm gk j ieuktry ijk ob bksurb`

ekly gc tnbrb gs mjss pjrtgigpjtgek gk tnb devbrkjkib. Pnbrbcerb, tnb systbm ec ̀ bmeirjtgi ̀ bibktrjlgzjtgek pepuljrlyakewk js Vjkinjyjtg _jh gs ieksg`brb` js jk gkstrumbkt te bksurb `bmeirjiy jk` seige-biekemgi

trjkscermjtgek.Djk`ng j`veijtb` tnjt Gk`gj lgvbs gk nbr vglljdbs. Gk`gjk gk`bpbk`bkib must obdgk jt tnb oettem, tnus

mjagkd bvbry vglljdb j rbpuolgi er pjkinjyjt, bkheygkd cull pewbrs. Nb rbmjrab` tnjt trub `bmeirjiy ijkket ob

werab` oy twbkty mbk sgttgkd jt tnb ibktrb. Gt njs te ob werab` crem oblew oy tnb pbeplb ec bvbry vglljdb. Pnbsb

`rbjms lbj` te tnb gkilusgek ec Jrtgilb 06 gk tnb @grbitgvb Vrgkigplbs ec tnb Ytjtb Velgiy ec Iekstgtutgek ec Gk`gj.

Jlmest jctbr cgvb `bij`bs ec gk`bpbk`bkib, gk tnb ybjr :779, tnb Devbrkmbkt ec Gk`gj teea j rbvelutgekjry stbp oy

mjagkd Vjkinjyjtg _jh Gkstgtutgeks j pjrt ec tnb Iekstgtutgek. Gk`gj njs j lekd trj`gtgek ec leijl devbrkmbkts, degkd



7/21/2019 ERD-01-EM


3

K

ojia te merb tnjk 0666 ybjrs. Pngs gkstgtutgek njs survgvb` kumbreus pelgtgijl injkdbs jk` upnbjvjls gk tnb jkigbkt

jk` mb`gbvjl pbrge`s tgll tnb j`vbkt ec tnb Orgtgsn _jh. Tgtn tnb iemgkd ec tnb ielekgjl j`mgkgstrjtgek, tnb pjttbrks

ec tnb weragkd ec tnb leijl oe`gbs uk`brwbkt mjrab` injkdbs.

Vjkinjyjts njvb obbk tnb ojiaoekb ec tnb Gk`gjk vglljdbs sgkib tnb obdgkkgkd ec tnb rbier`b` ngstery gk ekb

cerm er etnbr.

Z. 4. @gsiuss gmpertjkt cbjturbs ec @reudnt Vrekb Jrbj Vredrjmmb (@VJV).

Jks. Pnb @reudnt-Vrekb Jrbjs Vredrjmmb (@VJV) wjs cgrst ljukinb` oy DEG ùrgkd :749-40, te j``rbssspbigjl preolbms ec ̀ reudnt prekb jrbjs. Ojsb` ek tnb rbiemmbk`jtgeks ec Njkumjktnj _je iemmgttbb (:770) tnb

predrjmmb njs obbk uk`br gmplbmbktjtgek ek wjtbrsnb` ojsgs sgkib :772. Pnb jlleijtgek cer tnb predrjmmb gs

snjrb` gk tnb rjtge ec 428?2 obtwbbk tnb ibktrb jk` stjtb.

@urgkd ?662-63 gt wjs pljkkb` te `bvblep jk jrbj ec 3>003 nbitjrbs wgtn jk eutljy ec _upbbs 09?:.>3 ljans,

jdjgkst wngin jk jrbj ec 90973 nbitjrbs wjs `bvblepb` oy gkiurrgkd _upbbs :>>:.26 ljans.

Pnb predrjmmb gs kew uk`br gmplbmbktjtgek gk 704 oleias ec :22 ̀ gstrgits gk :9 stjtbs. Pnb tetjl jrbj ievbrb`

uk`br tnb predrjmmb gs joeut 403 ljan sq. am. Pnb cuk`s cer tnb predrjmmb jrb snjrb` oy tnb Ibktrb jk` tnb

iekibrkb` stjtb ek 26826 ojsbs. Petjl eutljy cer tnb predrjmmb ùrgkd Bgdntn Cgvb Wbjr Vljk wjs _s. :,666 irerb,

eut ec wngin _s. 266 irerb wjs tnb Ibktrjl snjrb. Petjl bxpbk`gturb sgkib gkibptgek gk :749-40 tgll Mjrin :772 wjs

_s. :,40? irerb. Pnb predrjmmb gs obgkd gmplbmbktb` ek wjtbrsnb` prehbit ojsgs sgkib :772-73 js pbr kbw dug`blgkbscer Tjtbrsnb` @bvblepmbkt. Pnb leijl pbeplb jrb obgkd gkvelvb` gk tnb pljkkgkd jk` `bvblepmbkt ec wjtbrsnb`

prehbit. Cuk`s bqujl te 42 pbr ibkt ec tnb sjkitgekb` iest ec tnb wjtbrsnb` gs rblbjsb` te tnb Tjtbrsnb` Iemmgttbb

jk` utglgzb` oy gt.

Pnb kumobr ec wjtbrsnb` prehbits tjrdbtb` cer `bvblepmbkt ùrgkd tnb pbrge` ec ceur ybjrs (crem :772-73 te

:77>-77) wjs 0,772. Pnb Ibktrjl snjrb ec jlleijtgek cer @VJV ùrgkd :773-74 jk` :774-7> jrb _s. :?2 jk` _s. ::2

irerb rbspbitgvbly. Pnb @reudnt-Vrekb Jrbjs Vredrjmmb njs tnb mjher eohbitgvb te mgkgmgzb tnb bccbits ec `reudnt

tnreudn jk gktbdrjtb` ̀ bvblepmbkt ec tnb jrbj oy tnb jèptgek ec jppreprgjtb tbinkeledgbs. Gts mjgk bmpnjsgs gs ek

grrgdjtgek prehbits, ljk` `bvblepmbkt predrjmmbs, jccerbstjtgek, drjss-ljk` `bvblepmbkt, rurjl blbitrgcgijtgek jk`

etnbr predrjmmbs cer gkcrjstruiturjl ̀ bvblepmbkt rbljtgkd te rej`s, mjrabts, irb`gt, sbrvgigkd jk` preibssgkd bti.

Bjin stjtb njs bvelvb` gts ewk erdjkgzjtgekjl sbt-up cer tnb `reudnt-prekb jrbj predrjmmb. Mjnjrjsntrj gsgmplbmbktgkd tnb predrjmmb tnreudn tnb @gstrgit Vljkkgkd Oejr`. Pnb Ajrkjtjaj Devbrkmbkt njs bstjolgsnb` jk

jutnergty cer tnb `gstrgits oy j rbselutgek ec tnb Ytjtb Devbrkmbkt wgtn @gvgsgekjl Iemmgssgekbr js tnb Injgrmjk.

Pjmgl Kjù njs sbt up j @gstrgit @bvblepmbkt Ierperjtgek cer ekb ec tnb twe `gstrgits uk`br tngs predrjmmb.

▦ ▦



Documents

ERD-01-EM