Evolução dos Evolução dos MicroprocessadoresMicroprocessadores

Afonso Ferreira MiguelAfonso Ferreira Miguel

40044004Introduction date "November 1971"

Manufacturing process

2,300 transistors

Data bus width 4 bit

Package 16-pin Ceramic DIP

Speed (MHz) 0.74

Physical memory 640 bytes (RAM) and

4 KB (ROM)

V core (V) 15 ± 5%

Min/Max operating temperature (°C)

0 – 70

Typical/Max power dissipation (W)

0.45 / 0.6

40404040Data bus width 4 bit

Package 24-pin ceramic DIP

Speed (MHz) 0.74

Physical memory 4 KB (8 KB with a bank switch)

Min/Max operating temperature (°C)

0 - 70

Typical/Max power dissipation (W)

0.6 / 0.9 (25°

80088008Introduction date Apr-72

Manufacturing process 3,500 transistors

Data bus width 8 bit

Package 18-pin DIP

Speed (MHz) 0.5

Physical memory (KB) 16

Virtual memory None

Floating Point Unit None

Min/Max operating temperature (°C)

0 - 70

80808080

Year: 1974

Bus width: 8

Clock speed: 2 MHz

Description: Successor to Intel 8008 CPU. The processor has 6,000 transistors, and can address 64 KB of physical memory.

Computers: Altair 8800, IMSAI 8080, CompuColor II, Byte Computers Byt-8

80858085

Year: 1976

Bus width: 8

Clock speed: 5 MHz

Description: Enhanced version of Intel 8080 CPU.

Computers: Radio Shack TRS-80 Models 100 and 200, CompuPro 8/16.

Z80Z80

Year: 1976

Bus width: 8

Clock speed:

4 MHz

Description: Improved version of Intel 8080 processor: new instructions.

Computers: Radio Shack TRS-80 Models 1 - 4, Sinclair ZX81, Commodore 128D (also had 6502 CPU), Franklin Ace 1200 (also had 6502 CPU), etc.

80868086

Year: 1978

Clock speed: 5 ~10 MHz

Bus width: 16

Description: First generation of Intel 80x86 processors. 8086 was 16 bit processor (internally and externally). The processor has 29,000 transistors, and can address 1 MB of physical memory.

80888088

Year: 1979

Bus width: 8/16

Clock speed:

5 ~10 MHz

Description: The processor is a modified version of 8086 - it has 8 bit external data bus width (8086 has 16 bit data bus), also instruction queue size and prefetching algorithms were changed. 8088 uses two consecutive bus cycles to write or read 16 bit data instead of one cycle for 8086. This made the processor to run slower, but on the plus side the hardware changes in 8088 made it compatible with 8080/8085 harware. The processor has 29,000 transistors, and can address 1 MB of physical memory.

Computers: IBM PC series, Amstrad PPC-640, etc.

6800068000

Year: 1979

Bus width: 16/32

Description: First generation of Motorola 680x0 series of processors.

Computers: Apple Lisa 2, Apple Macintosh 128, Atari 520STfm and 1040STfm, Commodore Amiga 500 and 1000.

8018680186

Year: 1982

Bus width: 16

Clock speed: 10 MHz

Description: Next generation of 80x86 processors. Used mostly as embedded processor.

8028680286

Year: 1982

Bus width: 16

Clock speed: 6 ~ 25 MHz

Description: Second generation of 80x86 processors: new instructions, protected mode, supported 16MB of memory. The processor has 134,000 transistors, and can address 16 MB of physical memory and 4 GB of virtual memory.

8038680386

Year: 1985

Bus width: 32

Clock speed: 20 ~ 33 MHz

Description: Third generation of 80x86 processors: new processor modes, 32 bit, increased speed. The processor includes 275,000 transistors, and can address 4 GB of physical memory and 64 TB of virtual memory.

8048680486

Year: 1989

Bus width: 32

Clock speed:

33 ~ 75 MHz

Description: Fourth generation of 80x86 processors: integrated floating-point unit, internal clock multiplier. The processor has 1,200,000 transistors (less in SX version), and can address 4 GB of physical memory and 64 TB of virtual memory.

PentiumPentium

Year: 1993

Bus width: 32

Clock speed:

9 ~200 MHz

Description: Fifth generation of x86 processors: superscalar architecture, MMX. The processor has 3,100,000 transistors, and can address 4 GB of physical memory and 64 TB of virtual memory.

Pentium IIPentium II

Year: 1995

Bus width: 32

Clock speed: 266 ~500 MHz

Description: Sixth generation of x86 processors; Single Edge Contact cartridge (slot 1)

Moore’s LawMoore’s Law

•Intel co-founder Gorden Moore notice in 1964;

•Number of transistors doubled every 12 months while price unchanged;

•Slowed down in the 1980s to every 18 months;

•Amazingly still correct, likely to keep until 2010.