Upload
others
View
4
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Green Springs Living Rivers Project
restoring the landscape to protect water
Roberto de Lara [email protected]
Green Springs Living Rivers Project
Start: 2007
Objective:
Promover a conservação dos recursos hídricos e biodiversidade através darestauração florestal e atividades socioambientais no município de Nazaré Paulista, SãoPaulo.
Conserve water resources and biodiversity through forest
reforestation and development of socio environmental
activities among the Nazaré Paulista community.
Research Reforestation
Environmental educationCommunity involvement
Supervisor Andrea Imperador Peçanha Travassos
Eduardo Humberto Ditt
Coordinator Roberto de Lara Haddad
Field Assistente
Osmar Peixoto dos SantosDanilo Helio DinizPedro Tadeu Gonçalves da Silva
Environmental Educator
Andrea Pupo Bartazini
Maria Carolina Las Casas e Novaes
Intern2011
Carolina Bueno
Stephanie Gobert
Voluntier
Projeto Nascentes Verdes Rios Vivos em 2012.
Nazaré Paulista
• Foundation: 1676Dados - 2000• Inhabitants: 16 413• Urban: 40% Rural: 60%
• Population density44,12 hab./km²
• IDH-M: 0,746
• GPD per capita R$ 9. 466,25
Firewood and Charcoal
Main Economic Activity (Hoeffel et al, 1999)
General Diagnosis:
19th Century
Significant Impacts on Atlantic Rainforest
Population increase – Agriculture and Animal Husbandry expansion
70’s – Atibainha Reservoir Construction
Landscape changes – loss of habitat
Social impacts – natural resources exploitation
Nowadays – New Residents and Tourism
Threat to water resources and biodiversity
Social impacts – loss of traditional manners
Soil Use Diagnosis:
60 % Anthropogenic Use
• Pasture
• Eucalyptus
• Touristic Structures
• Others Structures
40% Native Forest
Ditt, 2008
Pasture and Animal Husbandry:
The cattle production system does not contemplate soil conservancypractices, with clear signs of land degradation and low biomassproduction;
- Low husbandry production indexes
- Sanitary matter – milk and meet products
- Conservation – forest regrowth and alternative prodctions systems
Eucalyptus: firewood e charcoal:
Main economic activity on town (Hoeffel et al, 1999).
Production expansion – demand x soil use restrictions
Production system doe not contemplate technical and scientificinnovation on forestry
Conservation – use of fire, full harvest and soil erosion
Tourism:
“The scenic beauty associatedwith the presence of remnants of Atlantic Forest near the reservoir is a key attraction fortourists.” (Ditt, 2008)
- Disordered touristic activities:
Land speculation
- Conservation:
Domestic sewageBoats residuesImpermeable soil
Regional Relevancy for Conservation:
Water resources and Atlantic Forest remnants are abudant
on this region, although they are particularly vulnerable due to
the proximity of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region
(Braga, 2001).
* The Cantareira System
* Priority Areas for Biodiversity
* Traditional Urban Nucleus
The Cantareira SystemWater supply for over 10 million people
Six reservoirs,
33 Thousand liters per second
Atlantic Rainforest:
- 13% left of its original distribution
- Home for 90% of Brazilians
- High risk for species extinction
- High risk for natural resources
- Lack of ecosystem services
Priority Areas for Biodiversity ConservationEcological corridor Cantareira-Mantiqueira
Tradional Urban Nucleus
Old colonization – over 300 years
Tradicional activities:
Divine partyPilgrimageSão Gonçalo OfferingCavalcadeOxcartFishingTipical food
Green Springs – Living Rivers
Proposal
An integrated pool of activities planned to
interfere on the main factors that threatens the
water resources, the biodiversity and the
sustainability of the local residents at the
Atibainha Reservoir.
Green Springs – Living Rivers Project
Objectives and Aims1) Diagnose the ciliar areas of Atibainha Reservoir cachtment•Survey watersprings, watercourses and different forms of soil use•Survey of medium and big land mammals •Define priority areas for conservation and reforestation
2) Facilitate the forest recover of the degraded ci liar areas•Cadastrate the landowners interested in recover theis ciliar areas •Build a nursery for native forest tree seedlings and saplings•Plant 60 thousand trees on ciliar areas
3) Disseminate among local communities experiences and conservation practices•Perform Environmental Education activities among local communities•Divulgue the project conservations actions on the region•Make feasible an open forum for relevant social and environment matters on the region
Diagnose the ciliar areas of Atibainha Reservoir cachtment
Survey water springs, watercourses and different forms of soil use
- GIS (ESRI ArcMap) for capture, storage, verification, integration, manipulation and presentation of data. Topographic maps (1979) e aerial photo as source of spatial data
- Period: 2007-2008
- Sponsor: USAID
Results
�10 biggest forest remnants selected
�5 camera traps/forest fragment
�30 days in each forest fragment
�24 hours activity for camera trap
�5 minuts delay between photos
-
Diagnose the riparian areas of Atibainha Reservoir cachtment
Survey of medium and big land mammals
Period: 2008
Sponsor: CENAP, Idea Wild
17 species – 6 Orders e 9 Families
7 endangered species
23 species total (43% of SP)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Esforço Amostral (câmeras-dias)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Nú
me
ro C
um
ula
tivo
de
Esp
éci
es
Riqueza ObservadaJacknife
Results
• Species list for region
• High frequency record for Puma Concolor (21%)
• Data helped the establishment of new Reserves on region
Define priority areas for
conservation and reforestation
Results
- 1 year conducting interviews
- 18 landowners registered
- 45 TACs registered
- Difficulties faced on process:
landowners third partlandowners low commitment
- 6 properties contemplated- 6.000 trees planted
Facilitate the forest recover of the degraded ciliar areas
Diagnose landowners interested in restore their riparian areas
Results
Period: 2008
Sponsor: CATI e MP
Facilitate the forest recover of the degraded ciliar areas
Build a nursery for native forest tree seedlings and saplings
Production faculty: 40 thousand saplings year-round
Production faculty: 30 to 50 species year-round
Period: 2007-2008
Sponsor: Nazaré Paulista City Hall, VIVO, ECOSWIM
• Over 55 thousand tree saplings produced in 2008-2011 period
• 4 young students trained for nursery production carrier
• Environmental Activities for an average of 250 students/year
• Production of medical herbs for Pastoral da Criança
• Modern facilities and equipment since 2011
Results
- Characterization of selected restoration sites
- Isolation of degradation factor
- Implementation of restoration method
- Maintenance of restoration process
- Period: since 2009
-Sponsor: SABESP, BIMBO, DANONE, CORREIOS, SMART
Facilitate the forest recover of the degraded riparian areas
Plant 60 Thousand trees on riparian areas
Results
• Nearly 100 ha on restoration process
• Over 130Thousand trees planted
• Planting days within students, community and partners
• Capacitance of labours to work on reforestation
• 2010 – “ June 5th Award”
Restauração.kmz
• Monitoring evaluation of restoration
- Access of mortality rate, trees development, competitors plants control, environmental and soil parameters, wildlife associated.
- Use of random samples, wildlife survey methodsand soil survey methods
- Landscape, dendrometric, lab and statisticalanalyses of data
- Period: since 2010
Results
• Comparing Key Soil Properties in Reforested Pastures to In-Use Pastures in the Atibainha Reservoir Region of the Mata Atlântica (Carly Faber, 2011)
012345
ReforestedPasture
In-use Pasture
Compactness
Compactness
5
5.5
6
6.5
Reforested Pasture In-use Pasture
pH
pH
0
0.5
1
1.5
ReforestedPasture
In-usepasture
Ammonia
Ammonia
Differences shown in key soil properties between in-use pastures and three year-old
reforested pastures.
Nitrates appearance erraticNo phosphates appear
Results
• Quantifying Success in Differing Reforestation Methodologies in the Atlantic Forest (Pedro Marinotti, 2011)
1ª ETAPA 14 ha 2ª ETAPA 11 ha
Data de plantio Jan-Maio 2009 Jan-Fev 2010
Nº espécies (N=116) 82 106
Espaçamento 2 x 2 3 x 2
Recipiente mudas saquinho tubete
Abertura de covas Mecanizado, manual semi-mecanizado
Adubação base N-P-K + CaCO3 N-P-K + CA + Micro
Adubação cobertura Uréia Flex Organ
Plantio Manual Plantadeira manual
Disposição campo Aleatória Grupos ecológicos
Uso de hidrogel Não Sim
Manutenção Coroamento e roçada Coroamento e roçada
Mão-de-obra Empreita CLT
Mortalidade inicial 12% 6%
Results
• Influência de variáveis físico-ambientais no desenvolvimento de mudas florestais nativas em área de restauração, Nazaré Paulista, São Paulo (Filippo et. al, 2011)
Distância da represa melhor explicou as variáveis de desenvolvimento e mortalidade
Distância do fragmento, declividade e vertente tiveram efeitos secundários.
Herbivoria não se mostrou influenciada, apresentando um padrão aleatório de distribuição
Disseminate among local communities experiences and conservation practices
Perform Environmental Education activities among local communities
Lectures
Ecological Games and Plays
Training Short courses
Itinerant “Ecological Tents”
Trees Planting Days
Period: since 2007
Sponsor: Nazaré Paulista, City Hall,VIVO, BIMBO, CR
Results
• Over 4.000 reached through more than 200 socio environmental activities
• Community involvement through capacitance socio environmental actions
• 250 students/year are regularly receiving support from our team
• Projects E.E. component invited to present on Regional Education Council.
VIDEO_TS.IFO
Disseminate among local communities experiences and conservation practices
Make feasible an open forum for social and environment matters on the region
1 Forun at Citycouncil
2 Forun at rural schools
1 Forun at urban school
Results
Back to Reforestation...
Reforestation Activity = PLANNING !
- select and characterize the sites
- isolate degradation factors
- attent legislations
- select methodology
- scale demand of inputs
- scale demand of labour force
- Logistics and operational
- Costs
- Monitoring and evaluation of results
Selection and characterization of sites :
- Area (hectare)- Soil type and fertility- Land declivity
- Soil use- Springs and water courses- Degradation factors
Isolation of degradation factors:
Most common – herbivores- Cattle- Horses- Sheep- Ants
Humans- Fire- Tree robbery- Fishing and hunting- Pollution
Selection of a reforestation methodology:
Total planting
Nucleation thecnics
Regrowth conduction Sowing
Enrichment
Densify
Scale the demand of inputs:
Higrogel
Tools and machines
Fuel and oil
FPI
Replacement pieces
Pesticides
Herbicides
Fertilizers
Seeds
Trees samplings
Cost benefit analysis !!
Throughput for each activity
Number of workers per activity
Workday
Beyond scale there are:
Capacitance and quality of service
Attend Labors Laws
Character and professionalism
Cost
Scale the demand of labour force:
r
- Operational
- Quality of service
- Throughput and workday
- Cost
Field Implantation:
Opening the tree holes:
Field Planting:
- Planting season
- Planting fertilizer
- Planting: manual x mechanized
- Hidrogel
- Cost
Field Implantation:
- Complementary alternatives:
- “Green” fertilizer plants
- Agroforestry systems
- Nucleation thecnics- perch- soil transposition- branch pile- others
- Trees disposal on field:
- Random
- Modular
Field maintenance:
- Replanting
- N fertilizer
- Control of undesirable plants
- Irrigation
- Control of cutting leaves ants
- Frequency of interventions
- Cost
Monitoring and Evaluation:
- Frequency
- Season
- Cost
Basal Area
Heigh
Canopy cover
Herbivory rate
Regrowth plants
Wildlife
Carbon stock
Mortality rate
PRATICAL ACTIVITIES:
When ? TODAY– Leaving After Lunch 13:00 pm
Where ? At Nursery and Resforestion site
PRATICAL ACTIVITIES:
What we gonna do ?
Nursery: Visit and do a seedling process for germination
Reforestation site: Planting and Monitoring
What should I wear/bring?
Wear field clothesWater bottleSun screamHatCalculator/pen/notepadRepellent
PLANTING ACTIVITY: How ?
1) Tree holes are already oppened
2) Tree diposal will be random on the field
3) Use the little tools to move the dirt out of the hole
4) Insert the tree on the hole, centralized
5) Pull back the dirt into the hole
6) IMPORTANT: the tree should not be too deep or too high in relation to the field
1) Pick up the garbage
2) Done !!
MONITORING ACTIVITY: How ?
1) Two groups of students
2) Sample unit of 12mx12m each
3) Measures: height, canopy diameter, stem diameter, herbivory, mortality, phenology
4) Notes on spreadsheet
5) Photo of each plant and take note on photos ID
6) Done !!
7) Home work !!
OBRIGADO