ICPEdu Introdução a Infraestrutura de Chaves Públicas e Aplicações

8/10/2019 ICPEdu Introduo a Infraestrutura de Chaves Pblicas e Aplicaes

1/194

MITOfu

Mbtrkfuk `Mbcròstrutur` foIn`vos Tlami`so @pamiòs

J`rioak I`rakjèbk I`raks

Go`bfr Jkbtomrk Yutma

Irmstm`b Vnmèk Jkoiho

Gkb`tn`b Eon`rf Hknaor

F`y`b` Tmormb` Lrustkambm Ypèbuoak
http://www.esr.rnp.br/


2/194

@ \BT \ofo Bìmkbà fo Obsmbk

o Tosqums` quàmcmi`f` ikjk

uj` Kre`bmz`k Ykimà (KY),

sobfk ame`f` `k Jmbmstrmk f`

Imbim`, Voibkakem` o Mbkv`k

( JI V M ) o ros pkbs v o a po a k

Trker`j` Mbtorjmbmstormà \BT,

quo ikbt` ikj ` p`rtmimp`k fks

jmbmstrmks f` Ofui`k (JOI), f`

Y`fo (JY) o f` Iuatur` (JmbI).

Tmkbomr` bk ìossk Mbtorbot bk

Lr`sma, ` \BT pa`bog` o j`btj `rofo Mp, ` rofo ptmi` bìmkbà

ì`fjmi` fo àtk fosojpobnk.

Ikj Tkbtks fo Trosob` b`s

44 mbstmtumos

ikboit`f`s. Yk prkxmj`f`jobto

9,? jmanos fo usurmks usucrumbfk

fo uj` mbcròstrutur` fo rofos`v`b`f`s p`r` ikjubmi`k,

ikjput`k o oxpormjobt`k,

quo ikbtrmlum p`r` ` mbtoer`k

obtro k smstoj` fo Imbim` o

Voibkakem`, Ofui`k Yupormkr,

Y`fo o Iuatur`.

Imbim`, Voibkakemò Mbkv`k

Jmbmstrmk f`

Ofui`kJmbmstrmk f`

Y`foJmbmstrmk f`

Iuatur`Jmbmstrmk f`


3/194

MITOfuMbtrkfuk `Mbcròstrutur` fo

In`vos Tlami`so @pamiòs



Irmstm`b Vnmèk JkoihoGkb`tn`b Eon`rf Hknaor



4/194


5/194

MITOfuMbtrkfuk `Mbcròstrutur` foIn`vos Tlami`s

o @pamiòs



Irmstm`b Vnmèk Jkoiho

Gkb`tn`b Eon`rf Hknaor


\mk fo G`bomrk

Osika` Yupormkr fo \ofos


6/194

Ikpyrment


7/194

mmm

Yujrmk


@ jotkfkakem` f` OY\ mx

Yklro k iursk x

@ quoj so fostmb` xm

Ikbvobos utmamz`f`s bosto amvrk xm

Torjmssos fo usk xmm

Yklro k ùtkr xmm

0. Cubf`jobtks fo irmptker`c`

Mbtrkfuk 0

Fobmos

Ikjk tor iortoz` fo quo ` jobsèoj ckm roàjobto obvm`f` pkr quoj fmz tor obvm`fk; >

Irmptker`` ssmjtrmi` >

Cubos-rosujk (n`sn) 04

@ssmb`tur` fmemtà 04

Irmptker`` ssmjtrmi` 00

Iortmi`fks fmemt`ms 00


8/194

mv

Amst` fo Iortmi`fks \ovke`fks 0

@YM-NYJ Tors fo usurmk ==

Tora fo @fjmbmstr`k ==

Tora fo ùfmtkrm` 044

Tora fo Kpor`k 044

Kporòs ikjubs 044

Trop`r`bfk mbstà`k 040

Mbstà`k 040

Iortmi`fk YYA 046

Trop`r`k fk NYJ 046

Trop`r`k p`r` usk 04?Ikbeur`k 043

Ikbeur`k fks p`rjotrks mbtorbks fk NYJ 045

>. _s`bfk k @YM-NYJ

Irm`k fks pors fo usurmk 04=

Irm`k fo fjmbmstr`fkros 004

Foj`ms pors (@ufmt o Kpor) 00

Oxpkrt`k fo akes eorobim`ms 0


11/194

vmm

=. Mbtoer`k fk YEIM ikj k @YM-NYJ

Irofobim`jobtk fo obtmf`fo 06?

Iormjbm` fo irofobim`jobtk 063

04.Cofor`k I@Co o Y@OI

Cofor`k 0??

Oaojobtks fo uj` Cofor`k 0?5

Mbtor`k obtro ikjpkbobtos 0?=

Cofor`k I@Co 0?=

Y@OI 034

Mbst`a`k o ikbeur`k 030

_tmamz`k fk Y@OI 030

@fjmbmstr`k fk Y@OI 039

Kpor`k fo Mbstmtumos 054

Jkfoaks 050

Iortmi`fks 050

Lmlamker`c` 059


12/194

vmmm


13/194

mx

@ Osika` Yupormkr fo \ofos (OY\) ` ubmf`fo f` \ofo Bìmkbà fo Obsmbk o Tosqums` (\BT)

rospkbsvoa poa` fmssojmb`k fk ikbnoimjobtk oj Voibkakem`s f` Mbckrj`k o Ikjubmi`-

k (VMI). @ OY\ b`sio ikj ` prkpkst` fo sor ` ckrj`fkr` o fmssojmb`fkr` fo ikjpotbim`s

oj VMI p`r` k ikrpk tibmik-`fjmbmstr`tmvk f`s ubmvorsmf`fos cofor`ms, osika`s tibmi`s o

ubmf`fos cofor`ms fo posqums`. Yu` jmssk cubf`jobtà roàmz`r ` i`pìmt`k tibmi` fkikrpk cubimkbà f`s kre`bmzòs usurm`s f` \BT, p`r` k oxoriimk fo ikjpotbim`s `pami-

voms `k usk oi`z o oimobto f`s VMI.

@ OY\ kcoroio fozob`s fo iursks fmstrmlufks b`s ro`s tojtmi`s7 @fjmbmstr`k o Trkgotk

fo \ofos, @fjmbmstr`k fo Ymstoj`s, Yoeur`b`, Jfm`s fo Yupkrto Ika`lkr`k Fmemtà o

Ekvorb`b` fo VM.

@ OY\ t`jlj p`rtmimp` fo fmvorsks prkgotks fo mbtorosso plamik, ikjk ` oa`lkr`k o

oxoiuk fo pa`bks fo i`pìmt`k p`r` ckrj`k fo juatmpami`fkros p`r` prkgotks ofu-

iìmkb`ms ikjk7 ckrj`k bk usk f` ikbcorbim` wol p`r` ` _bmvorsmf`fo @lort` fk Lr`sma

(_@L), ckrj`k fk supkrto tibmik fo a`lkr`trmks fk Trkmbck o irm`k fo uj ikbgubtk fo

i`rtman`s sklro rofos soj k p`r` k prker`j` _j Ikjput`fkr pkr @aubk (_I@).

@ jotkfkakem` f` OY\

@ aksk` pofèemi` o ` jotkfkakem` quo krmobt`j ks iursks f` OY\ sk l`so`f`s b`

`probfmzèoj ikjk ikbstruk fk ikbnoimjobtk pkr jomk f` roskauk fo prklaoj`s tpm-

iks f` roàmf`fo fk prkssmkbà oj ckrj`k. Ks rosuat`fks kltmfks bks iursks fo b`turoz`

tormik-prtmi` sk ktmjmz`fks, pkms k mbstrutkr, ùxmam`fk poak j`tormà fmftmik, `tu` bk

`pob`s ikjk oxpksmtkr fo ikbiomtks o mbckrjòs, j`s prmbimpàjobto ikjk krmobt`fkr fk

àubk b` oxoiuk fo `tmvmf`fos ikbtoxtuàmz`f`s b`s smtuòs fk iktmfm`bk prkssmkbà.

@ `probfmzèoj obtobfmf` ikjk ` rospkst` fk àubk `k fos`k fo smtuòs-prklaoj`sojoan`btos s obikbtr`f`s b` prtmi` prkssmkbà, quo sk supor`f`s pkr jomk fo `bamso,

sbtoso, guae`jobtk, pobs`jobtk irtmik o ikbstruk fo nmptosos p`r` ` roskauk fk prk-

laoj`, oj `lkrfèoj krmobt`f` `k fosobvkavmjobtk fo ikjpotbim`s.

Foss` ckrj`, k mbstrutkr toj p`rtmimp`k `tmv` o fmàemi` ikjk krmobt`fkr fk àubk p`r` `s

`tmvmf`fos oj a`lkr`trmk. @t josjk ` `prosobt`k f` tokrm` bk mbimk f` sossk fo `prob -

fmzèoj bk ikbsmfor`f` uj` smjpaos oxpksmk fo ikbiomtks o mbckrjòs. K mbstrutkr

lusi` mbiobtmv`r ` p`rtmimp`k fks àubks ikbtmbu`jobto.



14/194

x

@s sossos fo `probfmzèoj kbfo so fk ` `prosobt`k fks ikbtofks o ` roàmz`k f`s

`tmvmf`fos prtmi`s tj ckrj`tk prosobimà o ossobimàjobto prtmik, utmamz`bfk tibmi`s fo

ostufk fmrmemfk mbfmvmfuà, tr`lànk oj oqumpo o prtmi`s krmobt`f`s p`r` k ikbtoxtk fo `tu` -

k fk cuturk ospoimàmst` quo so protobfo ckrj`r.

@s sossos fo `probfmzèoj fosobvkavoj-so oj trs ot`p`s, ikj profkjmbbim` fo tojpk

p`r` `s `tmvmf`fos prtmi`s, ikbckrjo fosirmk ` soeumr7

Trmjomr` ot`p`7 `prosobt`k f` tokrm` o osia`roimjobtk fo fvmf`s (fo 34 ` =4 jmbutks).

K mbstrutkr `prosobt`, fo j`bomr` smbttmi`, ks ikbiomtks tormiks ikrrospkbfobtos `k toj`

f` sossk fo probfmzèoj, ikj uxamk fo samfos oj ckrj`tk TkworTkmbt. K mbstrutkr aov`bt`

quostos sklro k ikbtofk fks samfos oj voz fo `pob`s `prosobt-aks, ikbvmf`bfk ` turj`

rooxk o p`rtmimp`k. Mssk ovmt` quo `s `prosobtòs sog`j jkbtkb`s o quo k àubk so

ikakquo oj pksmk fo p`ssmvmf`fo, k quo rofuzmrm` ` `probfmzèoj.

Yoeubf` ot`p`7 `tmvmf`fos prtmi`s fo `probfmzèoj (fo 0


15/194

xm

@ quoj so fostmb`

Ospoimàmst`s fo VM quo fosog`j `fqumrmr ikbnoimjobtk sklro irmptker`` lsmi` o Mbcròs-

trutur` fo In`vos Tlami`s, ku `porcomk`r ks sous ikbnoimjobtks sklro ` MITOF_ o su`s

toibkakem`s. K iursk fostmb`-so t`jlj jojlrks fo mbstmtumos fo obsmbk quo fosog`j

mjpa`bt`r bost`s ` MITOF_, o possk`s ikj mbtorosso fo `fjmbmstr`r ku kpor`r @utkrmf`fos

Iortmi`fkr`s ku fo \oemstrk oj sou fm` ` fm`.

Ikbvobos utmamz`f`s bosto amvrk

@s soeumbtos ikbvobos tmpkeri`s sk us`f`s bosto amvrk7

Mtamik

Mbfmi` bkjos fo `rqumvks o rocorbim`s lmlamkeri`s roaìmkb`f`s `k akbek fk toxtk.

A`reur` ikbst`bto

Mbfmi` ikj`bfks o su`s kpos, v`rmvoms o `trmlutks, ikbtofk fo `rqumvks o rosuat`fk f` s`f`fo ikj`bfks. Ikj`bfks quo sork fmemt`fks poak usurmk sk ermc`fks oj boermtk o pkssuoj

k proxk fk `jlmobto oj usk (bk Ambux bkrjàjobto # ku $, obqu`btk bk Umbfkws I7Q).

Ikbtofk fo samfo qMbfmi` k ikbtofk fks samfos rocorobtos `k iursk `prosobt`fks oj sà` fo ùa`.

Yjlkak wMbfmi` rocorbim` ikjpaojobt`r fmspkbvoa oj smto ku pemb` b` mbtorbot.

Yjlkak f

Mbfmi` uj fkiujobtk ikjk rocorbim` ikjpaojobt`r.

Yjlkak vMbfmi` uj vfok ikjk rocorbim` ikjpaojobt`r.

Yjlkak sMbfmi` uj rqumvk fo fmk ikjk rocorbim` ikjpaojobt`r.

Yjlkak !Mbfmi` uj `vmsk ku proiùk ` sor ikbsmfor`f`.

Yjlkak pMbfmi` quostmkb`jobtks quo ostmjua`j ` rooxk ku `prosobt` ikbtofk fo `pkmk `k

obtobfmjobtk fk toj` oj quostk.

Yjlkak aMbfmi` bkt`s o mbckrjòs ikjpaojobt`ros ikjk fmi`s, sueostos fo aomtur` `fmimkbà ku

josjk uj` klsorv`k.


16/194

xmm

Torjmssos fo usk

Vkfks ks fmromtks rosorv`fks \BT.

@er`foiojks sojpro imt`r ost` ckbto qu`bfk mbiaumr p`rto fosto amvrk oj kutr` klr`.

Oxojpak fo imt`k7 VK\\OY, Tofrk ot `a.@fjmbmstr`k fo Ymstoj`s Ambux7 \ofos o Yoeur`b`.

\mk fo G`bomrk7 Osika` Yupormkr fo \ofos, \BT,


17/194

xmmm

F`y`b` Yp`ebuoak jostro oj Imbim` f` Ikjput`k (


18/194

xmv


19/194

0

I`ptuak

0-Cubf`jobtksfoirmptker`

`

klgotmvks

ikbiomtks

0Cubf`jobtks fo irmptker`cm`

Ikbnoior irmptker`` (Iassmi`, Jkforb` o @ssmjtrmi`)8 obtobfor `s cubos fo

rosujk (n`sn)8 probfor ssmb`tur` fmemtà.

Irmptker`` (Iassmi`, Jkforb` o @ ssmjtrmi`)8 Cubos fo rosujk (n`sn)8

@ssmb`tur` fmemtà.

Mbtrkfuk

qIrmptkakem`.0 Irmptker`` (hrypts7 osikbfmfk8erpnomb7 osirmt`).

< Kiuat`r mbckrj`k fks kutrks.

9 Aoevoa `pob`s p`r` k fostmb`trmk.

0 Irmptk`bamso.

< Foikfmi`r jobsèobs soj ikbnoior ` in`vo soirot`.

Ostoe`bker``.

0 Kiuat`r jobsèobs fobtrk fo kutr`s.

Bost` prmjomr` sossk fo `probfmzèoj, sor comt` uj` rovmsk fks ikbiomtks lsmiks f`

irmptker``. Ikjo`rojks poa` fosirmk fk quo irmptker`` o p`ss`rojks poaks jtkfks

iassmiks o jkforbks, irmptker`` `ssmjtrmi` o cubos-rosujk, `t ` `ssmb`tur` fmemtà.

Oxmstoj fu`s ckrj`s lsmi`s fo prktoeor mbckrjòs p`r` quo possk`s bk ùtkrmz`f`s

sog`j oxiauf`s fk ìossk `k sou ikbtofk.

@ prmjomr` foa`s in`j`f` fo irmptkakem`, quo vms` ` ikfmi`r o foikfmi`r f`fks p`r`

quo `pob`s `s p`rtos mbtoross`f`s pkss`j ikjproobf-aks. @ irmptkakem` sulfmvmfmf` oj

irmptker`` o ir mptk`bamso.

K torjk irmptker`` formv` f`s pà`vr`s hrypts(quo smebmi` osikbfmfk) oerpnomb(osirmt`).

Tkrt`btk, ikbsmsto oj prmbipmks o tibmi`s p`r` tr`bsckrj`r ` mbckrj`k krmembà oj uj

ifmek maoevoa, fo jkfk quo prktog` sou ikbtofk.


20/194

MITOfuMbtrkfuk`Mbcròstrutur`foIn`vosTlami`so@pamiòs

G obtro ks imcr`fkros fo uxk, quo sk us`fks ikj jobkr croqubim` quo ks fo lakik, k

àekrmtjk j`ms ikbnoimfk tuàjobto k \I6.

Ta`mbtoxt

Impnortoxt

HoyLakih ImpnorObiryptmkb

Lakih ImpnorObiryptmkb

Lakih ImpnorObiryptmkb

Oaoitrkbmi Ikfolkkh (OIL) jkfo obiryptmkb

Hoy Hoy

Ta`mbtoxt

Impnortoxt

Ta`mbtoxt

Impnortoxt

Irmptker`cm` smjtrmi`

qIkjk fmstrmlumr s in`vos fo j`bomr` soeur`;0 Fo quo ckrj` vormi`r so ` jobsèoj bk ckm jkfmi`f`;0 Ikjk tor iortoz` fo quo ` jobsèoj ckm roàjobto obvm`f` pkr quoj fmz t-a` obvm`fk;

@k bàmz`r osso lrovo ostufk sklro irmptker`` smjtrmi`, pkfojks bkt`r quo, ojlkr`

ossos àekrmtjks sog`j l`st`bto oimobtos, sureoj àeuj`s quostos quo bk sk tr`t`f`s

pkr oss` sulro` f` irmptker``. Yk oa`s7

Ikjk fmstrmlumr `s in`vos fo j`bomr` soeur`;

@probfojks `t èkr` quo, p`r` uj` ikjubmi`k obtro fu`s ku j`ms p`rtos sor roàmz`f`

fo ckrj` soeur`, boiossrmk quo `s p`rtos ikbno`j provm`jobto ` in`vo. Tkrj, ikjkc`zor mssk fo j`bomr` soeur`; Ikjk e`r`btmr quo `pob`s quoj ou fosogk ikbno` oss` in`vo;

Ikjk vormcmi`r so ` jobsèoj bk ckm jkfmcmi`f`;

Ikjk pkfojks fotoit`r so àeuj bk ùtkrmz`fk ikbsoeumu tor ìossk jobsèoj o `

jkfmiku btos quo oa` cksso obtroeuo;

Ikjk tor iortoz` fo quo ` jobsèoj ckm roàjobto obvm`f` pkr quoj fmz torobvm`fk;

Ikjk s`lor so bk n uj` toriomr` p`rto bk ùtkrmz`f` quo fosiklrmu ` in`vo soirot` o

ost obvm`bfk jobsèobs oj bkjo fo kutr`s possk`s;

Irmptker`cm` `ssmjtrmi`

qT`r fo in`vos.0 Tlami` o Trmv`f`.

Ikbfobimàmf`fo.

Ikj k mbtumtk fo rospkbfor s quostos aov`bt`f`s, àj fo kutr`s, suremu ` Irmptker``

@ssmjtrmi`. Yu` prmbimpà fmcorob` oj roa`k Irmptker`` Ymjtrmi` quo us` k ikbiomtk

fo p`r fo in`vos p`r` imcr`r o foimcr`r jobsèobs.

Cmeur` 0.5Imcr`fkros folakiks.


27/194

=

I`ptuak


`

Foss` ckrj`, ckm irm`fk uj p`r fo in`vos, sobfk uj` in`vo ikbsmfor`f` plami`, quo pkfo

sor fmspkbmlmamz`f` amvrojobto, o kutr` prmv`f`, quo fovo sor j`btmf` `pob`s oj pksso fo

sou fotobtkr. Oss`s in`vos sk ikjpaojobt`ros, ku sog`, uj` jobsèoj imcr`f` ikj uj`

in`vo fovo sor foimcr`f` pkr su` in`vo ikrrospkbfobto.

Ikj osso ikbiomtk, so Lotk fosog` obvm`r uj` jobsèoj smemaks` p`r` @amio, oao fovo imcr`r

k ikbtofk fo su` jobsèoj utmamz`bfk ` in`vo plami` fo @amio (fo fkjbmk plamik) o

obvm`r p`r` oa` k toxtk imcr`fk. @amio, pkr su` voz, `k roiolor ` jobsèoj imcr`f`, us` suìn`vo prmv`f` p`r` foimcr`r k ikbtofk. Foss` ckrj`, pkfojks e`r`btmr quo `pob`s @amio

ikbsoeumr foimcr`r k toxtk obvm`fk pkr Lotk. Osto prkiossk osquoj`tmz`fk b` eur` 0.>.

Lotk @amio

Voxtk imcr`fkVoxtk ia`rk Voxtk ia`rk

In`vo plami` fo @amio In vo prmv`f` fo @amio

Imcr`r Foimcr`r

qT`r fo in`vos70 Tlami` o Trmv`f`.

@utobtmimf`fo.

Tkr kutrk a`fk, so fosog`jks prkv`r quo ` jobsèoj roiolmf` ckm roàjobto obvm`f` poa`

possk` quo fmz t-a` obvm`fk, k prkiofmjobtk, osquoj`tmz`fk b` eur` 0.= fosirmtk ` soeumr7

Lotk imcr` k ikbtofk f` jobsèoj ikj su` in`vo prmv`f` o ` obvm` p`r` @amio, quo, pkr

su` voz, utmamz` ` in`vo plami` fo Lotk p`r` kltor k toxtk ia`rk. Yo ` jobsèoj ckm ikrrot`-

jobto foimcr`f` ikj ` in`vo plami` fo Lotk, pkfo-so obtobfor quo ` jobsèoj imcr`f`ckm eor`f` ikj in`vo prmv`f` ikrrospkbfobto (` quà skjobto Lotk toj ìossk). Ikj mssk,

pkfojks tor iortoz` fo quo Lotk irmku ` jobsèoj.

In`vo prmv`f` fo Lotk In vo plami` fo Lotk

Lotk @amio

Voxtk imcr`fkVoxtk ia`rk Voxtk ia`rkImcr`r Foimcr`r

q0 Fmo Noaaj`b, 0=53.0 Trmbimp`ms aekrmtjks7

< \Y@.

< F@Y.

K ikbiomtk fo irmptker`` `ssmjtrmi` ckm pulami`fk oj 0=53 pkr Fmo Noaaj`b o toj ikjk

sous àekrmtjks j`ms c`jksks k \Y@, irm`fk oj 0=55 pkr \mvost, Yn`jmr `bf @faoj`bo, o k

FY@, irm`fk poa` BY@.

Cmeur` 0.>Obvmk fo jobsèoj

fo Lotk p`r` @amio.

Cmeur` 0.=Obvmk fo jobsèoj

fo @amio p`r` Lkl.


28/194

04


Cubos-rosujk (n`sn)

q0 Trkiofmjobtk ku cubk j`tojtmi` p`r` tr`bsckrj`r uj ikbgubtk fo f`fks ojkutrk ikbgubtk fo t`j`bnk xk (rosujk irmptkerik).

0 Mjpkssvoa kltor ` jobsèoj krmembà ` p`rtmr fk rosujk irmptkerik.

0 Fmcima ikamsk.

_j` cubk-rosujk, t`jlj ikbnoimf` ikjk cubk fo n`sn, uj` cubk j`tojtmi`

p`r` tr`bsckrj`r uj ikbgubtk fo f`fks oj uj` poquob` soqubim` fo f`fks fo t`j`bnk

xk (rosujk ir mptkerik).

Oss` soqubim` lusi` mfobtmi`r uj `rqumvk ku mbckrj`k ubmi`jobto. Kutr` i`rìtorstmi`

mjpkrt`bto rocorobto s cubos-rosujk quo bk fovo sor pkssvoa kltor ` mbckrj`k

krmembà ` p`rtmr fo uj vàkr fo n`sn.

Ikjk ` soqubim` fk n`sn amjmt`f` (0,


29/194

00

I`ptuak


`

Fkiujobtk ssmb`fk

\osujk

In`vo prmv`f`

Voxtk pa`bk

@ssmb`tur`

Cubk\osujk

Voxtk pa`bk

Imcrèoj

Irmptker`cm` `ssmjtrmi`

q0 Ikjk fmstrmlumr s in`vos fo j`bomr` soeur`;0 Ikjk vormi`r so ` jobsèoj bk ckm jkfmi`f`;

0 Ikjk tor iortoz` fo quo ` jobsèoj ckm roàjobto obvm`f` pkr quoj fmz tor

obvm`fk;

0 Ikjk vmbiua`r uj` in`vo mbckrjòs fo sou fotobtkr;

@t osto jkjobtk, ikbsoeumjks, pkr jomk fks ikbnoimjobtks kltmfks, skauimkb`r trs

prklaoj`s ikj ks qu`ms bks fop`r`jks7

0 Fmstrmlumr `s in`vos fo j`bomr` soeur`, k quo ckm roskavmfk poa` utmamz`k fo irmptker``

`ssmjtrmi`8

0 Fotoit`r so uj` jobsèoj ckm jkfmi`f`, k quo ckm roskavmfk poa` `ssmb`tur` fmemtà8

0 Vor iortoz` fo quo ` jobsèoj ckm obvm`f` pkr quoj fmz t-a` obvm`fk, k quo ckm roska-

vmfk ikj k usk fo `ssmb`tur`s fmemt`ms.

Tkrj, sureo uj` bkv` poreubt`7 g quo uj` in`vo uj ikbgubtk fo lmts, ikjk pkfojks

s`lor quoj k sou fotobtkr;

Iortmcmi`fks fmemt`ms

q0 Boiossmf`fo fo roaìmkb`r uj` in`vo uj mbfmvfuk.0 Hknbcoafor (0=5>) roaìmkb` uj usurmk ` uj` in`vo.

0 I`rìtorstmi`s mjpkrt`btos7

< Klgotk pur`jobto fmemtà.

< Ikbtj mbckrjòs fk fotobtkr f` in`vo prmv`f`.

< Irm`fk pkr uj` obtmf`fo ikbvoa.

< Tkssvoa foamjmt`r su`s pkssvoms pamiòs.

< Cima fotorjmb`r so ckm vmka`fk.

< Tkssvoa vormi`r sou ost`fk `tuà.

Cmeur` 0.04@ssmb`tur` fmemtà.


30/194

0= fobmu quo k sjlkak * pkfo sor

`fkt`fk p`r` foamjmt`r f`fks ikfmi`fks, j`s bk imcr`fks.


32/194

06


K Fmstmbeumsnof Obikfmbe \uaos (FO\) uj` smbt`xo p`r` ` tr`bscorbim` fo jobsèobs

ospoimi`f`s poa` MV_ fobtrk fk ^.3=4. Vr`t`-so fo uj jtkfk p`r` ikfmi`r f`fks, ikjk

uj iortmi`fk fmemtà x.?4=.

G k Trmvìy Obn`biof J`ma (TOJ) uj` prkpkst` irm`f` p`r` prkvor soeur`b` oj o-j`mas

pkr jomk f` utmamz`k fo irmptker`` fo in`vos plami`s.

qOxojpak fo`rqumvk bk ckrj`tk TOJ7

-----LOEMB IO\VMCMI@VO-----

JMMFtVII@pE


33/194

0?

I`ptuak

V`roc`s pobfobtos.

Cmeur` 3.=

Amst` fo `rqumvks foroa`imkb`jobtk foikb`b`.

Cmeur` 3.04I`f`str`rroa`imkb`jobtk fo

ikb`b` kmbo b`josj` jqumb`.


99/194

>0

I`ptuak

3-YEIMEorobim`jobtkfoObtmf`fos

T`r` mjpkrt`r uj `rqumvk fo roaìmkb`jobtk fo ikb`b`, l`st` obtr`r ikjk `fjmbms-

tr`fkr fo @I o osikanor ` kpk fk jobu \oaòs fo ikb`b` 2 Irm`r Kmbo. @ pemb`

sor rofmroimkb`f` o tor uj ckrjuarmk meuà `k f` eur` 3.00. Bosso ckrjuarmk, fovojks

fomx`r ` kpk Obtmf`fo bk roemstr`f` j`ri`f`, soaoimkb`r k `rqumvk fo roaìmkb`jobtk

fo ikb`b` o iami`r oj Yuljotor.

T`r` bàmz`r k prkiossk fo irm`k fo roaìmkb`jobtk fo ikb`b`, l`st` c`zor ks josjks

p`ssks ikjk `fjmbmstr`fkr fo @\ o soaoimkb`r k `rqumvk fo roaìmkb`jobtk fo ikb`b` f` @I.

T`r` c`zor ` trki` fo `rqumvks kbambo, boiossrmk quo `s fu`s obtmf`fos ostog`j ikbeu-

r`f`s ikjk kbambo o quo k YEIM


100/194

>9

I`ptuak


T`r` rogomt`r ` roqumsmk, k kpor`fkr fovo iami`r bk ikbo , rocorobto roqumsmk quo sor

rogomt`f`. Yo k kpor`fkr kpt`r pkr `prkv`r ` roqumsmk, fovo-so iami`r bk ikbo . Bk i`sk

f` `prkv`k, k kpor`fkr sor rofmroimkb`fk p`r` uj` pemb` jkstr`bfk ks fotànos f`

roqumsmk ` sor `prkv`f` o fovor mbsormr su` sobn` p`r` ùtkrmz`r ` kpor`k.

@ps k kpor`fkr tkj`r ` foimsk fo ìomt`r ku rogomt`r uj` roqumsmk, oao pkfo ikbsuat`r k

ost`fk foss`s roqumsmos b` amstèoj Kutr`s roqumsmos. T r` ìoss-a`, k kpor`fkr fovo

ìoss`r ` kpk fk jobu \oqumsmos fo Iortmi`fks 2 Eormr, o iami`r sklro ` `l` Kutr`s

roqumsmos. Oss` amstèoj `prosobt`f` b` eur` 3.05.

I`sk ` @I o @\ ostog`j b` josj` jqumb` ku ikbeur`f`s p`r` cubimkb`r fo jkfk kbambo,

` roqumsmk sor obvm`f` p`r` ` @I utkj`tmi`jobto. I`sk ostog`j oj jqumb`s fmstmbt`s

o ikbeur`f`s p`r` cubimkb`r fo jkfk kmbo, k kpor`fkr f` @\ fovor c`zor fkwbak`f f`

roqumsmk `prkv`f` o obvm`r p`r` ` @I. T`r` c`zor k fkwbak`f f` roqumsmk, k kpor`fkr f`

@\ fovo iami`r bk ikbo , b` amstèoj `prosobt`f` b` eur` 3.05. @ mjpkrt`k f` roqum -

smk b` @I sojoan`bto mjpkrt`k b` @\, oxpami`f` `btormkrjobto.

@s roqumsmos pobfobtos b` @I pkfoj sor ìoss`f`s poak kpor`fkr `tr`vs f` kpk

\oqumsmos fo Iortmi`fk 2 Eormr fk jobu. K usurmk sor rofmroimkb`fk p`r` ` pemb`

`prosobt`f` b` eur` 3.0>. Bosso pkbtk, k kpor`fkr fovo tkj`r ` foimsk fo `prkv`r ku

rogomt`r ` roqumsmk. F` josj` ckrj` ikjk kikrro b` @\, k kpor`fkr f` @I pkfo vmsuàmz`r

ks fotànos f` roqumsmk iami`bfk bk ikbo .

Cmeur` 3.03Ofmt`r roqumsmk.

Cmeur` 3.05Amst` fo roqumsmos

`prkv`f`s kurogomt`f`s poa` @\.


102/194


103/194

>?

I`ptuak


0 @ @I roiolo k pofmfk, j`ri` k iortmi`fk ikjk rovke`fk o obvm` ` ikbrj`k p`r` ` @\8

0 @ @\ `vms` `k usurmk quo k sou iortmi`fk ckm rovke`fk.

@aj fmssk, ` @I pkfo rovke`r uj iortmi`fk ` qu`aquor jkjobtk, josjk soj ` skam-

imt`k fk usurmk. Ks iortmi`fks quo sk rovke`fks sk mbiaufks oj uj fkiujobtk

in`j`fk fo Amst` fo Iortmi`fks \ovke`fks (AI\), quo t`jlj ojmtmfk poa` @I.

@ps k usurmk skamimt`r ` rovke`k fk sou iortmi`fk, k kpor`fkr f` @\ fovo mr `t `

amst`eoj fo iortmi`fks `tmvks, `prosobt`f` b` eur` 3.


104/194

>3


Amst` fo Iortmcmi`fks \ovke`fks (AI\)

T`r` ikbeur`r uj jkfoak fo AI\, k `fjmbmstr`fkr f` @I fovo obtr`r bk smstoj` o soao-

imkb`r ` kpk fk jobu Jkfoaks 2 AI\. Yor `prosobt`f` uj` toa` meu`a f` eur` 3.


105/194


106/194

>>


\oemstrk fo `tmvmf`fos (akes)

qOxpkrt`r7

0 Fo tkfk k skctw`ro.

0 Fo uj` obtmf`fo ospoii`.

Oxiaumr7

0 Fo tkfk k skctw`ro.

0 Fo uj` obtmf`fo ospoii`.

Ikjk g ckm jobimkb`fk, k YEIM er`v` tkf`s `s `tmvmf`fos quo ckr`j ocotu`f`s. Ykjobto

k irm`fkr o k `fjmbmstr`fkr pkfoj oxpkrt`r ks akes. @ fmcorob` quo, qu`bfk oxpkrt`fk

poak irm`fkr, oaos sk fo tkfk k skctw`ro, obqu`btk k p`poa fo `fjmbmstr`fkr pkfo skjobto

oxpkrt`r ks akes f` su` obtmf`fo. T`r` oxpkrt`r ks akes, k usurmk fovo osikanor ` kpk fk

jobu Akes 2 Oxpkrt`r, o fopkms soaoimkb`r k akià p`r` sàv`r k `rqumvk ikj ks akes.

T`r` oxiaumr ks akes, fovo-so obtr`r bk smstoj` ikjk irm`fkr ku `fjmbmstr`fkr o iami`r b`

kpk fk jobu Akes 2 Oxiaumr. Fopkms sor boiossrmk proobinor uj i`jpk ikj ` sobn`

fk usurmk o iami`r oj Obvm`r p`r` bàmz`r ` `k. @ssmj ikjk b` oxpkrt`k, qu`bfk k

`fjmbmstr`fkr fo uj` obtmf`fo foaot` ks akes, `pob`s ks akes f` su` obtmf`fo sk foaot`fks.

Cmeur` 3.


107/194

>=

I`ptuak

5-Eorobim`bfkkimiakfovmf

`foin`vosirmptkeri`s

klgotmvks

ikbiomtks

5Eorobim`bfk k imiak fo vmf` foin`vos irmptkercmi`s

Ikbnoior k Jfuak fo Yoeur`b` Irmptkerik @YM-NYJ8 @probfor sklro `s

i`rìtorstmi`s csmi`s o aemi`s fk @YM-NYJ o ` `rqumtotur` mbtorb` o oxtorb` fk

@YM-NYJ8 Ikbnoior ks pors fo usurmks fk @YM-NYJ8 Obtobfor ikjk cubimkb`

` mbstà`k, mbmimàmz`k o j`busomk fk @YM-NYJ.

K quo uj NYJ; T`r` quo sorvo uj NYJ; I`rìtorstmi`s eor`ms (n`rfw`ro

o skctw`ro)8 Bkrj`s fo iortmi`k.

K quo uj NYJ;

qYmebmi`fk70 N`rfw`ro Yoiurmty Jkfuao.

Ymbbmjk7

0 JYI7 Jfuak fo Yoeur`b` Irmptkerik.

Ikbgubtk n`rfw`ro/skctw`ro vkat`fk prktok o eorbim` fk imiak fo vmf` fo in`vos

irmptkeri`s.

K bkjo NYJ voj fk mbeas N`rfw`ro Yoiurmty Jkfuao ku Jfuak fo Yoeur`b` Irmptker-

ik. @ skauk lr`beo, bk jbmjk, uj ikbgubtk ikjpkstk pkr n`rfw`ro (k jfuak oj sm) o

skctw`ro (p`r` su` eorbim` o ikbeur`k).

@ prmbimpà bàmf`fo fk NYJ ` prktok o eorbim` fk imiak fo vmf` fo in`vos irmptker -

i`s, ikbt`bfk p`r` mssk ikj ` mjpaojobt`k fo mbjorks àekrmtjks irmptkeriks, loj

ikjk fo prktoos csmi`s ikbtr` vmka`k o iossk mbfovmfk k j`tormà prktoemfk.

Cmeur` 5.0@YM-NYJ @N^


Nkst

Eorbim` fo In`vos

@YM-NYJ

Mbtorcìo fo

Ymstoj` Eorobim`fkr

KpobYYA

Obembo Obembo

@ `rqumtotur` oxtorb` ku `jlmobto kporìmkbà fo uj NYJ eoràjobto ikbsmsto oj uj`

jqumb` nkst (p`r` NYJs k-ambo) ku uj ikbgubtk fo jqumb`s (NYJs kb-ambo), ikboit`fks `k

jfuak pkr uj` mbtorcìo ikbvoa. Bk i`sk fk @YM-NYJ, oss` ikboxk roàmz`f` vm`

mbtorcìo fo rofo (Otnorbot). B` jqumb` nkst, obikbtr`j-so mbstà`f`s `s `pamiòs iamobto

quo vk mbtorèmr ikj k jfuak. Bk @YM-NYJ, t`ms mbtorcìos sk k Iamobto fo Eostk \ojkt`,

p`r` `fjmbmstr`k fk jfuak, o ` Obembo KpobYYA, p`r` usk fo in`vos eorobim`f`s.

@YM-NYJ Lk`s prtmi`s fo usk

qJ`buso`r ikj iumf`fk.0 Yobskros sobsvoms inkquos joibmiks.

Fosame`r skjobto poak iamobto fo eostk rojkt`.

0 Bk fospaue`r `lrupt`jobto f` ckbto fo oborem`.

L`torm` mbtorb` sulstmtuvoa bk-roi`rroevoa.

0 Fur`k fo t 0< josos soj amjobt`k.

0 J`btor ikboit`fk ` uj` ckbto fo oborem`.Vojpor`tur` p`r` rj`zobèoj (fosame`fk).

0 Obtro 4 o 6? erùs ioasmus.

Vojpor`tur` fo cubimkb`jobtk ( ame`fk).

0 Fo ? ` 9? erùs ioasmus.

Ckbto lmvkat ùtkjtmi` (004S/


117/194

==

I`ptuak



@mbf` sklro oborem`, k NYJ pkssum uj` ckbto fo vkat`eoj fupa` (004S/


118/194

044


Torcma fo ùfmtkrm`

q0 Oxpkrt`r akes f` ubmf`fo fo eorbim`.< Ake eorobimà (`tmvmf`fos).

0 Oxpkrt`r akes f` ubmf`fo fo soeur`b`.

< Ake tibmik (sobskros).

0 Lakquo`r NYJ.

0 \oiupor`r lìhup (ikj fjmbmstr`fkros).

0 @pè`r akes (ikj fjmbmstr`fkros).

@k pora fo ùfmtkrm`, i`lo ` jkbmtkr`k f` utmamz`k fk jfuak, sobfk osto rospkbsvoa

poa` oxtr`k o `bamso fks akes eorobim`ms o tibmiks, ikbtobfk, rospoitmv`jobto, roemstrk fo

kporòs ocotu`f`s poak jfuak o akes fks sobskros, bk i`sk fo àeuj` mbv`sk tor smfk

fotoit`f`. K pora fo ùfmtkrm` rospkbsvoa `mbf` pkr rostùr`r ipm`s fo soeur`b`, lak -

quo`r NYJ o rojkvor akes `btmeks, t`roc`s quo ikjp`rtman` ikj k pora fo `fjmbmstr`k.

Torcma fo Kpor`kqAmlor`r in`vo p`r` usk.

0 Fobmr pkatmi`s fo utmamz`k7

< Vojpk fo usk.

< Bjork fo usks.

Ocotu`r utk`tmv`k ps rostùr`k fo lìhup (ikj fjmbmstr`fkros).

K pora fo kpor`k rospkbsvoa pkr `tmvmf`fos roaìmkb`f`s ` uj` ku j`ms in`vos

eorobim`f`s poak jfuak. K pora pkssum utkbkjm` pob`s sklro in`vos iug` iustfm` ano

ckm `trmluf`. @k i`rroe`r uj` in`vo, k pora fovo so ùtobtmi`r o pkfo `mbf` fobmr uj`

pkatmi` fo utmamz`k f` in`vo, `tr`vs fo bjork fo utmamzòs o/ku tojpk fo usk.

Kporòs ikjubs

q0 Kltor vorsk fk skctw`ro fk NYJ.0 Kltor f`t` o nkr` fk NYJ.

0 Amst`r erupks fo ùfmtkros.

0 Amst`r erupks fo kpor`fkros.

0 Amst`r jojlrks fo erupks fo ùfmtkros.

0 Amst`r jojlrks fo erupks fo kpor`fkros.

0 Fosi`rroe`r in`vo f` jojrm`.

0 Amst`r in`vos.

0 Amst`r in`vos i`rroe`f`s.

0 Amst`r ikbtofk fo sj`rt i`rf.

0 Mbmimàmz`r sj`rt i`rf.

0 Ikbeur`r NYJ.

0 @ator`r TMB fo sj`rt i`rf.


119/194

040

I`ptuak



K NYJ pkssum `mbf` àeuj`s kporòs ikjubs ` tkfks ks pors, quo bk oxmeoj mfobtmi`k.

Oss`s kporòs sk skjobto fo aomtur`, vms`bfk ` kltobk fo mbckrjòs bk smemaks`s

fk jfuak, eoràjobto troa`f`s su` kpor`k.

Trop`r`bfk ` mbstà`k

qJ`tormà70 Jfuak irmptkerik (@YM-NYJ).

< Ckbto fo àmjobt`k.

0 Jqumb` Nkst.

< Mbtorcìo fo Eostk \ojkt`.

< Obembo KpobYYA.

0 I`lk fo rofo irksskvor.

0 Aomtkr` fo sj`rt i`rfs (`pob`s @N^0).

0 Yj`rt i`rfs.

@btos fo mbmimàmz`r k jfuak irmptkerik, ks iamobtos fo eostk rojkt` fovoj sor mbstà`fksb` jqumb` nkspofomr` ` quo ost`r ikboit`fk k NYJ. T`r` k iamobto erik, l`st` mbstà`r uj`

jqumb` vmrtuà G`v`, vorsk 0.? ku pkstormkr. Bk i`sk f` corr`jobt` oj ambn` fo ikj`bfk,

boiossrm` uj` vorsk ospoii` p`r` k Ymstoj` Kporìmkbà f` jqumb`. @ obembo KpobYYA

fovor t`jlj sor mbstà`f` o ikbeur`f` b` `pami`k ` quo k NYJ sor mbtoer`fk.

Mbstà`k

q0 Ikaki`r i`rtk b` aomtkr`.0 Ikboit`r NYJ jqumb` nkst vm` i`lk otnorbot.

< Ikbeur`r MT f` jqumb` nkst.

9 0=.0.?

0 Ikboit`r ckbto fo àmjobt`k `k NYJ.

0 Ame`r NYJ.

< Klsorv`r ost`fk f` aomtkr`.

0 Klgotmvk7

< Ikbeur`r mfmkj` o ikboit`r `k NYJ.

0 T`ssks7

< Oxoiut`r mbtorcìo fo eostk rojkt`.

9 @YM-NYJ-Iamobt.g`r< Fobmr ambeuèoj7

9 @rqumvk 2 Trocorbim`s.

< Ikboit`r `k NYJ.

9 MT7 0=.0.0

9 Tkrt`7 ?444

< Sormi`r vàmf`fo fk Iortmi`fk YYA.

K NYJ voj pr-ikbeur`fk ikj k obforok fo rofo 0=.0.08 sobfk `ssmj, boiossrmk

ikbeur`r ` mbtorcìo fo rofo f` jqumb` nkst ikj k MT 0=.0.?. Ikj ` mbstà`k bàm -

z`f`, k NYJ pkfo obtk sor ame`fk.


120/194


121/194

049

I`ptuak



B` g`boa` fo soaok, pkfo-so osikanor obtro s kpos fo mbtorbìmkbàmz`k.

Ost`loaoimjobtk fo ikboxk

Mbmimàjobto, prossmkb`-so k lktk Ikboit`r `k NYJ. @k iami`rjks, bks sor skamimt`fk mbckrj`r k

obforok MT o pkrt` p`r` ikboxk k @YM-NYJ. Ks p`rjotrks fo ikboxk vj pr-ikbeu-

r`fks fo ìkrfk ikj ` ikbeur`k p`frk fk NYJ. Yobfk `ssmj, so ` mbstà`k fk `jlmobto

kporìmkbà ckm ocotu`f` ikj suiossk, l`st` iami`r oj KHp`r` ost`loaoior ` ikboxk.

Cmeur` 5.>Ikboxk7

p`rjotrks.

Cmeur` 5.=Ikboxk7 YYA.


122/194

046


Iortmcmi`fk YYA

@ ikboxk obtro NYJ o ` jqumb` Nkst comt` `tr`vs fo uj tboa YYA. Akek, bk mbimk f`

ikboxk skamimt`fk `k usurmk quo ikbr` o ìomto k iortmi`fk YYA utmamz`fk p`r` ost`loaoior

k i`jmbnk soeurk. Mbmimàjobto, oxmlmfk `pob`s k i`jpk Ikjjkb B`jofk iortmi`fk quo k

@YM-NYJ prosobt` b` ikboxk. @ p`rtmr foss` g`boa` pkfo-so ikbrj`r ikboxk ku pkfo-so

vmsuàmz`r fo ckrj` ikjpaot` k iortmi`fk us`fk poak @YM- NYJ p`r` rocormf` ikboxk.

@ps ` ikbrj`k fk usk fk iortmi`fk YYA, ` ikboxk ikj k NYJ bàjobto ost`loaoimf`.

Trop`r`k fk NYJ

qFu`s pkssmlmamf`fos70 Trop`r`k p`r` usk.

< NYJ sor uj` ubmf`fo kporìmkbà.

0 Trop`r`k ikjk ipm` fo soeur`b`.< NYJ sorvmr ikjk ubmf`fo fo lìhup.

Ost`fks fk NYJ7

0 Bk ikbeur`fk.

0 Trop`r`fk p`r` Lìhup.

0 Jkfk Kporìmkbà.

0 Jkfk fo Yoeur`b`.

Cmeur` 5.04Ikboxkost`loaoimf`.


123/194

04?

I`ptuak



NYJ bk ikbffeur`fk

Jkfk kporìmkbà

Trop`r`fk p`r` Lìhup

Jkfk fo soeur`b`

Trop`r`kp`r` Lìhup

Trop`r`kp`r` usk

\ost u

r k

Jkfk fo Yoeur`b`7 `k mfobtmi`r àeuj` smtu`k mbikjuj, k NYJ obtr` oj jkfk

fo soeur`b` o bobnuj` kpor`k pkfo sor comt`. Oxiotk rotkrb`r `k jkfk kpor`-

imkbà (ikj utobtmi`k fks fjmbmstr`fkros).

K @YM-NYJ pkfo sor prop`r`fk fo fu`s j`bomr`s7

0 Trmjomr`7 prop`r`k ikjk ubmf`fo kporìmkbà, quo eorobim`r k imiak fo vmf` fo uj`

ku j`ms in`vos irmptkeri`s8

0 Yoeubf`7 prop`r`k ikjk ubmf`fo fo lìhup. Bosso i`sk, k NYJ sor us`fk ubmi`jobtop`r` roiolor ipm`s fo soeur`b` eor`f`s pkr ubmf`fos kporìmkb`ms. _j` voz mbmimàmz`fk

p`r` lìhup, k NYJ s so tkrb`r uj` ubmf`fo kporìmkbà qu`bfk uj lìhup ckr rostù -

r`fk. K osquoj` fo lìhup fotàn`fk `fm`bto.

Trop`r`k p`r` usk

qKlgotmvk70 Trop`r`r NYJ p`r` eorobim`r in`vos irmptkeri`s.

T`ssks7

0 Ikbeur`r f`t` o nkr`.

0 Ikbeur`r p`rjotrks mbtorbks.

< F`fks iortmi`fks mbtorbks.

< @aekrmtjk p`frk.

< V`j`bnks f`s in`vos.

< Trktok fo in`vos pkr sobn`.

< Obforok MT o pkrt` fo sorvmk.

< Cmrowàa.

Ks p`ssks ` soeumr fotàn`rk k prkiossk ikjuj fo prop`r`k fk NYJ p`r` ` eorbim` fo

in`vos irmptkeri`s. @ krfoj fo i`f` ot`p` cubf`jobtà p`r` quo k klgotmvk sog` ài`b`fk.

Cmeur` 5.00Fmèr`j`

fo ost`fksfk @YM-NYJ.


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Ikbcmeur`k

K prmjomrk p`ssk p`r` ` ikrrot` ikbeur`k fk NYJ ` ikbeur`k f` f`t` o nkr`

mbtorb`s fk NYJ. Ikjk k NYJ `mbf` bk pkssum pora fo `fjmbmstr`k, tà ikbeur`k

roàmz`f` soj ` boiossmf`fo fo ùtobtmi`k. @ps ` irm`k fk pora, tà `tmvmf`fo p`ss` `

sor `fjmbmstr`tmv`, oxmembfk ` ùtobtmi`k fk rospoitmvk pora.

Cmeur` 5.0


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127/194

04=

I`ptuak

>-_s`bfkk@YM-NYJ

klgotmvks

ikbiomtk

s

>_s`bfk k @YM-NYJ

@probfor sklro ` irm`k fo usurmks bk @YM-NYJ8 Obtobfor ` eor`k o usk fo

in`vos irmptkeri`s8 Ikbnoior k prkiossk fo lìhup fk @YM-NYJ.

Irm`k fks pors fo usurmk8 Eor`k o usk fo in`vos8 Oxpkrt`k fo akes eorobim`ms8

Osquoj` fo lìhup (prop`r`k, mjpkrt`k fo in`vo fo lìhup, eor`k fo ipm` fk

`jlmobto kporìmkbà o rostùr`k fo lìhup)8 @tmv`k fk(s) Tora(ms) fo Kpor`k.

Irm`k fks porcms fo usurmk

qKlgotmvk70 Irm`r erupks fo usurmks p`r` i`f` uj fks trs p`pms rospkbsvoms poak usk fk NYJ.

T`ssks7

0 Irm`r pora fo @fjmbmstr`k.0 Irm`r pora fo @ufmtkrm`.

0 Irm`r pora fo Kpor`k.


128/194

004


Irm`k fo `fjmbmstr`fkros

Mbmimàjobto fovo-so ìoss`r k mtoj In`vos o Ikbt`s fo _surmk o, oj soeumf`, @fjmbms-

tr`fkros, `jlks akiàmz`fks bk i`btk supormkr osquorfk f` toa` prmbimpà. Fovo-so obtk

ìoss`r ` `l` Irm`r @fjmbmstr`fkros. Oj soeumf`, obtr`r ikj ks vàkros fo b (qu`btmf`fo

jbmj` fo jojlrks p`r` roikjpkr k soerofk fk pora) o j (t`j`bnk fk pora) bks

i`jpks prkprm`fks, o bàjobto prossmkb`r k lktk Irm`r Erupk fo @fjmbmstr`fkros.

Cmeur` >.0Irm`k fo`fjmbmstr`fkros.

Cmeur` >.


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000

I`ptuak

>-_s`bfkk@YM-NYJ

oxmlmf` uj` i`mx` fo fmakek, skamimt`bfk quo k usurmk mbsmr` k prmjomrk fks j sj`rt

i`rfs bk aomtkr. @ps ` mbsork, fovo-so prossmkb`r k lktk Kh.

Bks p`ssks soeumbtos, fovo-so mbsormr k TMB p`r` prktoeor k usk fk sj`rt i`rf fk jojlrk.

Osso vàkr fovo sor bujrmik o ost`r obtro ` c`mx` 044444 o ========.

Oj soeumf`, skamimt`f` ` obtr`f` fo uj Bkjo Ikjuj (Ikjjkb B`jo), quo mfobtmi`r k

jojlrk fk pora. Osso i`jpk fovor ikbtor `pob`s i`rìtoros @YIMM, sobfk prkmlmfks

i`rìtoros ospoim`ms.

Cmeur` >.9Eor`k fo

TMB p`r` i`f`sj`rti`rf.

Cmeur` >.6Mbsormbfk uj bkjo

ikjuj p`r` i`fùsurmk.


130/194

00.?Voa` fo suiossk.


131/194

009

I`ptuak

>-_s`bfkk@YM-NYJ

Eor`k o amlor`k fo in`vo p`r` usk

qKlgotmvk70 Eor`r in`vo irmptkeri` o amlor-a` p`r` usk.

T`ssks7

0 Eor`r p`r fo in`vos \Y@.

0 I`rroe`r in`vo, fmspkbmlmamz`bfk-` p`r` ìossk vm` obembo KpobYYA.

0 Amst`r in`vo i`rroe`f` p`r` e`r`btmr quo tufk ikrrou ikbckrjo k ospor`fk.

Eor`k fo in`vos

K prkiossk fo irm`k fo in`vos `tr`vs f` mbtorcìo eri` so mbmim` ìoss`bfk k mtoj

In`vos o Ikbt`s fo _surmk o, oj soeumf`, In`vos, `jlks akiàmz`fks bk i`btk supormkr

osquorfk f` toa` prmbimpà. Oj soeumf`, foboj-so ks p`rjotrks f` in`vo. Obtk, pros-

smkb`-so k lktk Eor`r In`vo.

T`rjotrks f` in`vo7

0 Bkjo f` in`vo8

0 Erupk fo kpor`fkros8

0 Vmpk fo @aekrmtjk8

0 V`j`bnk f` in`vo8

0 In`vo oxpkrtvoa.

Cmeur` >.3Eor`bfk uj`

in`vo.


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006


In`vo Oxpkrtvoa7 osso p`rjotrk fobkt` fo uj` in`vo sor ku bk mbiauf` bks lìhups

eor`fks poak NYJ oj quostk. _j` in`vo quo bk sog` oxpkrtvoa bubi` s`mr fk NYJ

kbfo ckm eor`f`, boj josjk pkr jomk fo uj lìhup p`r` kutrk NYJ.

Bk p`ssk soeumbto, boiossrmk ùtobtmi`r k jbmjk b fks `fjmbmstr`fkros.

Cmeur` >.5@utobtmi`k fo`fjmbmstr`fkros.

Cmeur` >.>Eor`k f` in`vo.


133/194

00?

I`ptuak

>-_s`bfkk@YM-NYJ

@ps ` `utobtmi`k, k NYJ oxmlmr uj` l`rr` fo prkerossk mbfmi`bfk ` eor`k f` in`vo. K

tojpk fo eor`k v`rm` ikj k t`j`bnk f` in`vo o uj prkiossk bk fotorjmbstmik. T`r`

uj` in`vo \Y@ fo lmts, k NYJ pkfo aov`r iori` fo 0 jmbutk p`r` ikbiaumr ` eor`k.

Tkr j, oxmlmfk uj fmakek mbckrj`bfk k suiossk f` kpor`k.Cmeur` >.=Voa` fo suiossk.


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003


Mjpkrt`k fo in`vos

K prkiossk p`r` mjpkrt`k fo in`vos comtk `ioss`bfk k mtoj In`vos o Ikbt`s fo

_surmk o, oj soeumf`, In`vos. @ in`vo ` sor mjpkrt`f` fovo ost`r bks ckrj`tks THIY#0

(p`r` in`vos \Y@), ^=.3< (p`r` in`vos OIFY@) ku THIY#>, ikfmi`f`s oj `rqumvks bk

ckrj`tk FO\ ku TOJ. boiossrmk t`jlj quo ` in`vo ostog` imcr`f` pkr sobn`.

T`rjotrks f` in`vo mjpkrt`f`7

0 Bkjo f` in`vo8

0 Erupk fo kpor`fkros8

0 Ckrj`tk8

0 Yobn`8

0 In`vo oxpkrtvoa.

Cmeur` >.04Mjpkrt`bfk uj`in`vo.


135/194

005

I`ptuak

>-_s`bfkk@YM-NYJ

Bk p`ssk soeumbto, `lort` uj` g`boa` p`r` soaoimkb`r k `rqumvk f` in`vo ` sor mjpkrt`f`.Cmeur` >.00Yoaok fk `rqumvk

f` in`vo.

Cmeur` >.0


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137/194

00=

I`ptuak

>-_s`bfkk@YM-NYJ

T`r` quo uj` in`vo pkss` sor utmamz`f` vm` Obembo KpobYYA p`r` `ssmb`tur`s fmemt`ms, oa`

fovo sor i`rroe`f` oj jojrm`. T`r` amlor`r k usk fo uj` in`vo eorobim`f`, boiossrmk

quo k pora fo kpor`k rospkbsvoa pkr su` iustfm` so ùtobtmquo. T`r` mssk, proimsk

ìoss`r ks mtobs In`vos o Ikbt`s fo _surmk o In`vos. Oj soeumf`, ` `l` I`rroe`r

In`vo. Bk prmjomrk i`jpk fo toxtk, obtr`jks ikj k bkjo f` in`vo `ssmjtrmi`. Bk i`jpk

`l`mxk, mbckrj`-so k porkfk fo tojpk oj quo ` in`vo porj`boior `lort`. Bk i`jpk `k

a`fk ost ` ubmf`fo fo tojpk fosog`f`. Bk atmjk i`jpk fobo-so uj bjork amjmto fo

usks btos quo in`vo sog` fosi`rroe`f`. J`ms l`mxk n kpos fo so tkrb`roj ks amjmtos

fo usk o fo tojpk mbfobmfks. Oj soeumf`, prossmkb`-so k lktk I`rroe`r In`vo.

obtk skamimt`f` ` ùtobtmi`k fo b fks j kpor`fkros. Fovo-so mbsormr k sj`rt i`rf o k

TMB fo i`f` uj fks b kpor`fkros.

Cmeur` >.0?@utobtmi`k fo

`fjmbmstr`fkros.


138/194

0.03Voa` fo suiossk.

Cmeur` >.05Amst`eoj fo in`vos

i`rroe`f`s.


139/194

0-_s`bfkk@YM-NYJ

T`r` amst`r in`vos amlor`f`s p`r` usk, mbmimàjobto proimsk ìoss`r ks mtobs In`vos o

Ikbt`s fo _surmk o In`vos o, oj soeumf`, ` `l` Amst`r In`vos I`rroe`f`s. Tkr atmjk,

prossmkb`-so k lktk Amst`r In`vos I`rroe`f`s o uj` i`mx` fo fmakek ikbtobfk mbckrj`-

os rospomtk f` in`vo oxmlmfk.

Obtro `s mbckrjòs, ` nkr` oj quo ` in`vo ckm `lort`, qu`bfk oa` sor coin`f` (i`sk tobn`

smfk fobmfk uj amjmto fo tojpk), loj ikjk k bjork fo usks quo `mbf` pkfoj sor comtks

fost`, i`sk tobn` smfk fobmfk k amjmto fo usks.

Oxpkrt`k fo akes eorobim`ms

qKlgotmvk70 Oxtr`mr akes mbtorbks fk NYJ p`r` pkstormkr `bamso pkr p`rto fks ùfmtkros.

T`ssks7

0 Oxpkrt`r roemstrks fo akes p`r` jqumb` nkspofomr`.

Cmeur` >.0>Mbckrjòs

sklro `s in`vosi`rroe`f`s.


140/194

0.0=Oxpkrt`bfk akes.

Cmeur` >.


141/194

0-_s`bfkk@YM-NYJ

_j` g`boa` sor `lort` p`r` pkssmlmamt`r ` osikan` fk `rqumvk fo fostmbk ikbtobfk ks roems-

trks fo akes oxpkrt`fks. Osso `rqumvk sor oxpkrt`fk bk ckrj`tk THIY#5, `ssmb`fk poak ior-

tmi`fk mbtorbk fk pora fo ùfmtkrm`, sobfk boiossrm` uj` corr`jobt` oxtorb` p`r` su`

oxtr`k o vmsuàmz`k. Mbfmi`jks ` corr`jobt` Iryptkbmt p`r` tà j.

@ps ` ikbrj`k fk fostmbk fk ake, ùtobtmi`jks b fks j ikjpkbobtos fk erupk

soaoimkb`fk fo ufmtkros.

Cmeur` >.


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0.


143/194

0


144/194

0.


145/194

0-_s`bfkk@YM-NYJ

Mjpkrt`k f` in`vo fo lìhup

Fo pksso f` in`vo fo lìhup, pkfo-so èkr` mjpkrt-a` oj uj NYJ oj kpor`k. T`r`

t`btk, l`st` ìoss`r k jobu In`vos o Ikbt`s fo _surmk o, oj soeumf`, @fjmbmstr`fkros,

b` `l` Mjpkrt`r In`vo Tlami`.

Cmeur` >..Yoaoimkb`bfk k

`rqumvk f` in`vo.


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0


@k iami`r bk lktk Mjpkrt`r In`vo Tlami`, sor skamimt`f` ` soaok fk `rqumvk quo ikbtj

` in`vo plami` fo lìhup.

Oj soeumf`, sor skamimt`f` ` ùtobtmi`k fks b `fjmbmstr`fkros quo vk roikjpkr k

soerofk fk pora, p`r` pkssmlmamt`r ` mjpkrt`k f` in`vo.

Ikj ` mjpkrt`k f` in`vo fo lìhup, uj` jobsèoj fo suiossk sor oxmlmf`.

Cmeur` >..94Voa` fo suiossk.


147/194

0-_s`bfkk@YM-NYJ

Eor`k fo lìhup

Ikj in`vo fo lìhup mjpkrt`f` bk NYJ oj kpor`k, pkssvoa ekr` eor`r ipm`s fk

`jlmobto kporìmkbà, fmroimkb`f`s quoao NYJ quo pkssum in`vo prmv`f` fo lìhup ikrrospkb-

fobto prmjomr`. T`r` eor`r k lìhup, fovo-so ioss`r k jobu In`vos o Ikbt`s fo _surmk,

@fjmbmstr`fkros, b` l` Lìhup. Oj soeumf`, fovo-so iami`r bk lktk C`zor k Lìhup.

Cmeur` >.90Eor`bfk lìhup.


148/194

094


Yor oxmlmfk obtk uj` i`mx` fo fmakek fo osikan` fk fostmbk fk `rqumvk fo l`ihup, b`

jqumb` nkspofomr`.

Cmeur` >.9.99@utobtmi`k fo

`fjmbmstr`fkros.


149/194

090

I`ptuak

>-_s`bfkk@YM-NYJ

Yor skamimt`f` ` ùtobtmi`k fk pora fo `fjmbmstr`k p`r` ùtkrmz`r ` eor`k o oxpkr-

t`k f` mjèoj fk jlmobto kporìmkbà.

@k j f` kpor`k, sor oxmlmf` uj` jobsèoj fo suiossk.Cmeur` >.96Voa` fo suiossk.


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@tmv`r porcms fo kpor`k

@t k jkjobtk, skjobto fkms fks trs pors prosobtos bk NYJ i`r`j boioss`rm`jobto

imobtos (vm` ùtobtmi`k) f` soeubf` ipm` kporìmkbà fk NYJ. T`r` quo k pora fo Kpo -

r`k ostog` t`jlj imobto, boiossrm` su` ùtobtmi`k bk prkiofmjobtk fo @tmv`k fk

Tora fo Kpor`k, kbfo i` ovmfobto p`r` osto quo n uj` bkv` ipm` fk `jlmobto kpor` -

imkbà oj oxoiuk. Oss` t`roc` fovkavor `k pora fo `fjmbmstr`k ` i`pìmf`fo fo àtor`r `

iustfm` fo uj` in`vo prmv`f` o fo uj pora fo kpor`k p`r` kutrk.

Ikaki`r k NYJ oj Jkfk Kporìmkbà

qJkfk fo Yoeur`b`70 Ost`fk bk quà k @YM-NYJ obtr` i`sk kikrr` àeuj` smtu`k mbikjuj.

< Fosame`r `lrupt`jobto f` tkj`f`.

< Càn` b` oxoiuk fk skctw`ro.Jkfk Kporìmkbà7

< T`r` rotkrb`r `s cubos bkrj`ms, k NYJ fovo sor rotkrb`fk `k jkfk kporìmkbà.

Cmeur` >.95@tmv`bfk k pora fo

kpor`k.


153/194

09?

I`ptuak

>-_s`bfkk@YM-NYJ

Oj àeubs i`sks ospoiiks fo jà-usk fk NYJ, osto obtr` oj Jkfk fo Yoeur`b`. Tkr

oxojpak, k sor fosame`fk lrupt`jobto ku i`sk kikrr` aeuj` càn` bk smstoj`. Bk Jkfk

fo Yoeur`b`, k NYJ bk ikbsoeumr oxoiut`r bobnuj` cubk irtmi`, `pob`s cubimkbàm-

f`fos mbckrjìmkb`ms o tobt`r rotkrb`r `k Jkfk Kporìmkbà. T`r` ikaki`r k @YM-NYJ oj

Jkfk Kporìmkbà, fovojks ìoss`r k jobu Ymstoj` o J`butobk, o ` `l` Jkfk fo

Yoeur`b`. Oj soeumf`, fovo-so iami`r bk lktk Jkfk Kporìmkbà. Yor roquormf` `

ùtobtmi`k fk erupk fo `fjmbmstr`fkros.

@tuàmz`k fo cmrjw`ro

qKlgotmvk70 Ikaki`r oj cubimkb`jobtk uj` bkv` vorsk fk NYJ.

0 J`btor ks f`fks tu`ms.

T`ssks7

0 Kltor rqumvk fo `tuàmz`k oj ckrj`tk THIY#5.

0 C`zor upak`f fk `rqumvk p`r` k NYJ.

0 Sormi`r k n`sn fk `rqumvk.

0 K NYJ sor rombmim`fk k bà fk prkiofmjobtk.

T`r` c`zor k prkiofmjobtk fo `tuàmz`k fk @YM-NYJ, boiossrmk tor uj `rqumvk fo `tuàm-

z`k bk ckrj`tk THIY#5 ùtbtmik. @ `tuàmz`k comt` pkr jomk f` ùtobtmi`k fk erupk

fo fjmbmstr`fkros.

Cmeur` >.9>Ikaki`bfk k

NYJ oj jkfkkporìmkbà.


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093


T`r` roàmz`r ` `tuàmz`k fk @YM-NYJ, fovojks ìoss`r k jobu Ymstoj` o J`butobk,

o ` `l` Jkfk Kporìmkbà. Oj soeumf`, fovo-so iami`r bk lktk@tuàmz`r Cmrjw`ro.

Oj soeumf`, fovo sor soaoimkb`fk bk `rqumvk THIY#5, kbfo so obikbtr` ` `tuàmz`k.

Cmeur` >.9=@tuàmz`bfk krjw`ro.

Cmeur` >.64Yoaok fk `rqumvkquo ikbtj `

`tuàmz`k.


155/194

095

I`ptuak

>-_s`bfkk@YM-NYJ

@ps, sor roquormf` ` `utobtmi`k fo b fks j `fjmbmstr`fkros.Cmeur` >.60

@utobtmi`k fo`fjmbmstr`fkros.

Cmeur` >.6


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09=

I`ptuak

>-_s`bfkk@YM-NYJ

Tkr j, oxmlmf` uj` g`boa` ikbrj`bfk kpor`k.

Vosto f`s Cubos Irmptkercmi`s

qFkms tmpks70 Cubos fo Yoeur`b` (tosto aemik).

< Vost` ks àekrmtjks fo imcrèoj o eor`k fo bjorks ào`trmks us`fks bk NYJ,

` j fo e`r`btmr quo ostos bk ostog`j ikrrkjpmfks ku `fuator`fks.

0 _bmf`fo fo Yoeur`b` (tosto csmik).

< Vost` ` ubmf`fo fo soeur`b`, p`r` vormi`r so ks sobskros ostk oj paobk

cubimkb`jobtk.

T`r` roàmz`r ks tostos fk @YM-NYJ, fovojks ìoss`r k jobu Ymstoj` o J`butobk, o `

`l` Vostos.

Cmeur` >.6?Vost`bfk cubos

irmptkeri`s.


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064


T`r` c`zor k tosto f`s cubos fo soeur`b`, fovo-so iami`r bk lktk Cubos fo Yoeur`b`.

K tosto comtk o obtk oxmlmf` uj` g`boa` ikj ks rosuat`fks.

Cmeur` >.63\osuat`fk fkstostos fo cubosirmptkeri`s.

Cmeur` >.65\osuat`fk fo tostosf` ubmf`fo fo

soeur`b`.


159/194

060

I`ptuak

>-_s`bfkk@YM-NYJ

T`r` roàmz`r ks tostos f` _Y, fovo-so iami`r bk lktk _bmf`fo fo Yoeur`b`. K tosto obtk

comtk o obtk oxmlmf` uj` g`boa` ikj ks rosuat`fks.

@pè`r `s ikbcmeuròs fk NYJ

pkssvoa `pè`r tkf`s `s ikbeuròs fk NYJ. Osso prkiofmjobtk roàmz`fk skl k pora

fo fjmbmstr`k.

T`r` roàmz`r k prkiossk fo `pè`r k NYJ, fovojks mr oj Ymstoj` o J`butobk, b` `l`

Jkfk Kporìmkbà. Fovo-so obtk iami`r bk lktk@pè`r Vufk.

Cmeur` >.6>@pè`bfk

`s ikbeuròsfk NYJ.


160/194

06.6=@utobtmi`k fo`fjmbmstr`fkros.

Cmeur` >.?4Ikbrj`k f`kpor`k.


161/194

069

I`ptuak

>-_s`bfkk@YM-NYJ

oxmlmfk uj fmakek pofmbfk pkr uj` ikbrj`k fk prkiofmjobtk. Bosso pkbtk, k

usurmk pkfo i`bioa`r kpor`k iami`bfk oj Bk ku ikbtmbu`r, iami`bfk oj Ymj.

Bk bà, oxmlmf` uj` jobsèoj ikbrj`bfk kpor`k. K NYJ obtk rombmimàmz`fk.Cmeur` >.?0Voa` fo suiossk.


162/194

066



163/194

06?

I`ptuak

=-Mbtoer`kfkYEIMikjk

@YM-NYJ

klgotmvks

ikbiomtk

s

=Mbtoer`k fk YEIM ikj k @YM-NYJ

Ikbnoior ks p`ssks fo uj irofobim`jobtk fo obtmf`fo b` MIT-OF_8

Ymjua`r k irofobim`jobtk fo obtmf`fo b` MIT-OF_8 @probfor sklro iormjbm`s

fo irofobim`jobtk.

Irofobim`jobtk fo obtmf`fo8 Iormjbm`s.

Irofobim`jobtk fo obtmf`fo

q0 Bost` sossk, sor roàmz`f` ` mbtoer`k fk YEIM ikj k @YM-NYJ, `tr`vs f` irm`kfo uj` MIT smjpaos fobtrk fk YEIM.

0 Oss` `tmvmf`fo toj ikjk pr-roqumsmtks tkf`s `s sossos `btormkros o obvkavor ks

ikbiomtks fo7

< Mbcròstrutur` fo In`vos Tlami`s.< N`rfw`ro irmptkerik.

< Ykctw`ro fo Eorobim`jobtk fo Iortmi`fks Fmemt`ms.

< Iormjbm`s o prkiofmjobtks prtmiks fo irofobim`jobtk.

0 @ roàmz`k foss` `tmvmf`fo cubf`jobtà p`r` ` ikjproobsk fo tkfk k ikbtofk

`lkrf`fk fur`bto k iursk.

Ost` sossk toj pkr klgotmvk ` smjua`k fo uj irofobim`jobtk fo uj` obtmf`fo b` MIT-

OF_. Oj uj irofobim`jobtk roà, n fmvorsks p`ssks quo fovoj sor roàmz`fks fo ckrj` `

prkfuzmr ovmfbim`s p`r` cutur`s ùfmtkrm`s. Ojlkr` k YEIM o k @YM-NYJ prkfuz`j akes ikj

oss` bàmf`fo, n fmvors`s prtmi`s fobmf`s b`s Foia`ròs fo Trtmi`s fo Iortmi`k

quo foboj p`ssks roàmz`fks ckr` fossos fkms skctw`ros p`r` ` e`r`btm` f` soeur`b` fk

`jlmobto oj uj bvoa oxtorbk. Tkr oxojpak, b` MIT-OF_, uj` f`s prtmi`s fobo quo

boiossrmk k rj`zob`jobtk f`s irofobim`ms fks usurmks fk YEIM oj uj ikcro akiàmz`fk

oj uj `jlmobto ikj l`rromr`s fo soeur`b` csmi`.

K ikbgubtk fo tkfks ks p`ssks roàmz`fks t`btk ckr` qu`btk fobtrk fks skctw`ros fo

eorobim`jobtk f` MIT fobkjmb`fk iormjbm`. @s iormjbm`s ostk prosobtos oj fmvors`s

t`roc`s fo uj` MIT, fosfo k irofobim`jobtk fo bkv`s obtmf`fos `t ` ojmssk fo AI\s. B`

`tmvmf`fo prtmi` fost` sossk, tr`t`rojks f`s iormjbm`s oj bvoa j`ms suporimà, f`bfk

j`ms obckquo `ks p`ssks roàmz`fks bks skctw`ros. Tkrj, àeubs fks kutrks p`ssks sork

fosirmtks j`ms `fm`bto. mjpkrt`bto aojlr`r quo `s iormjbm`s `qum fosirmt`s sk smjpam-

i`f`s, pkms bkssk klgotmvk fmftmik.


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I`ptuak


@YM-NYJ

Ot`p` 07 Trop`r`k

Vtuak @tmvmf`fo Klsorv`k

Mbstà`k f`jqumb` nkspofomrò NYJ.

Yoaoimkb`r uj akià p`r` ` mbstà`k f`jqumb` nkspofomr` o fk NYJ. Sormcmi`r` oxmstbim` fo àmjobt`k fo oboremòatrmi` (vormcmi`k f` tobsk ikrrot` fks

oqump`jobtks oj roa`k 004v/


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06>


Ot`p` 07 Trop`r`k

Vtuak @tmvmf`fo Klsorv`k

Irm`r ks kpor`fkrosfk NYJ.

_tmamz`r ` mbtorcìo fo eostk rojkt` fk NYJp`r` irm`r k erupk fo kpor`fkros. T`r` i`fùj fks kpor`fkros, soaoimkb`r uj sj`rt-i`rf, bkjo`bfk-k (ika`r uj` otmquot` ikj

k bkjo fk kpor`fkr) o `trmlumbfk uj TMB.I`f` uj fks TMBs fovo sor roemstr`fk ojfkms pof`ks fo p`poa o ikaki`fk oj fkmsobvoakpos sop`r`fks ikj mfobtmcmi`k fkkpor`fkr. _j fks ikbgubtks fo obvoakposfovo sor aìr`fk, f`t`fk, `ssmb`fk o `rj`zo-b`fk oj akià soeurk, procorobimàjobto ojuj ikcro. Bk kutrk ikbgubtk, aj fks TMBs,sork mbsormfks ks sj`rti`rfs. K bkjo fkerupk fovor sor kpor-ì-r`mz.

Eor`r `rqumvk foake fk NYJ.

@ufmtkros eor`j, `tr`vs f` mbtorcìo foeorobim`jobtk fk NYJ, k rqumvk ikbtobfkk roemstrk fo tkf`s `s kporòs fk NYJfosfo su` ikbcmeur`k mbmimà t k p`ssk

`btormkr ` osto. K `rqumvk fo roemstrk (ake)fovor sor `bàms`fk o k p`roior foss``bamso c`zor p`rto fk roa`trmk cmbà fkiormjkbmà.

Focmbmr sobn` fkirm`fkr o irm`rusurmks p`r``fjmbmstr`k okpor`k foobtmf`fos.

Oxoiut`r k YEIM, focmbmr bkv` sobn` fkirm`fkr o irm`r ks usurmks fks erupks @fjm-bmstr`fkr o Kpor`fkr (`fj-ì-r`mz, kpor-ì--r`mz, `fj-`r-vmbiua`f`, kpor-`r-vmbiua`f ).@ sobn` fk irm`fkr fovo sor roemstr`f` ojfkms pof`ks fo p`poa o ikaki`f`s oj fkmsobvoakpos sop`r`fks ikj mfobtmcmi`kfk irm`fkr. Ks obvoakpos fovoj obtk soraìr`fks, f`t`fks, `ssmb`fks, mfobtmcmi`fks o`rj`zob`fks oj akià soeurk, procorobimà-jobto oj uj ikcro.

Ikbcmeur r k YEIM. Ikbcmeur r k YEIM. Fomx`r k YEIM prop`r`fkp`r` ojmtmr k iortmcmi`fk fmemtà f` @I \`mz o` rospoitmv` AI\. I`f`str`r k NYJ bk YEIM.C`zor lìhup.

obembo fovosor ikjpma`fkp`r` k Ymstoj`Kporìmkbà f`jqumb` nkspo-fomr`

Eor`r `rqumvk foake fk YEIM.

K irm`fkr fovo, `tr`vs f` mbtorcìo YEIM,eor`r k `rqumvk ikbtobfk k roemstrk fo tkf`s`s kporòs fk YEIM fosfo su` ikbcmeu-r`k mbmimà `t k p`ssk `btormkr ` osto. K`rqumvk fo roemstrk (ake) fovor sor `bàms`fko k p`roior foss` `bamso c`zor p`rto fkroa`trmk cmbà fk iormjkbmà.

Trop`r`r bkvkNYJ p`r` lìhup.

Ikbcmeur`r uj bkvk NYJ p`r` lìhup.Oxpkrt`r k iortmcmi`fk fk NYJ fo lìhupp`r` ` ost`k nkspofomr`.

Mjpkrt`r Iortmcmi`fkfo Lìhup.

Mjpkrt`r k iortmc mi`fk fk NYJ fo lìhupp`r` k NYJ kporìmkbà.

Eu`rf`r Obvoakposikj sj`rti`rfs.

Ikaki`r bk rospoitmvk obvoakpo ikjk roemstrk fk sou TMB k sj`rti`rf fksjojlrks fks erupks. Vkfks ks obvoakposfovoj sor aìr`fks, f`t`fks, `ssmb`fks o`rj`zob`fks akià soeurk, procorobimà-jobto oj uj ikcro.


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Ot`p`


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0?0

I`ptuak


@YM-NYJ

Ot`p` 6fm`s. (Ikjk sork 0< soj`b`s, fomx`r èob-f`fk tkf` soxt`-comr` jatmpa` fosso porkfkp`r` quo k Ekpì eoro bkv` AI\ `tr`vs foiormjbm` ospoicmi` o obvm`r p`r` k EV p`r`pulami`k.)

Oxpkrt`r AI\. Oxpkrt`r AI\ p`r` uj rqumvk ikj k bkjoì-r`mz-mipofu.ira. Ikpm`r ` AI\ o ikaki-a` ojuj pobfrmvo ku kutr` jfm`.

Irm`r tojpa`tosfo pkatmi`s.

@utobtmi`r-so bk YEIM ikjk fjmbmstr`fkrf` @I o irm`r tojpa`tos fo iortmc mi`fks p`r`@I irofobim`f`.Vojpa`to @I Irofobim`f`7Bkjo fk Vojpa`to7 @utkrmf`fo Iortmcmi`fkrÌrofobim`f`Sàmf`fo7 5.944 fm`s (


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0?


U@]C

MfT

Mbstmtumk

Trkvofkr fo roiursk

Trkvofkr fo sorvmk

Trmjomr`jobto, k usurmk mbtorèo ikj k prkvofkr fo sorvmks (YT) fosog`fk, quo rospkb-

svoa pkr kcoroior sorvmks rostrmtks p`r` fotorjmb`fks erupks fo usurmks. K prkvofkr fo

sorvmks pkssum ìkpa`fk uj prkvofkr fo roiursks, quo ` `pami`k (skctw`ro) quo prkv k

sorvmk ku roiursk fo c`tk.

T`r` ikbsoeumr usucrumr fk sorv mk prkvmfk, k usurmk proims` ùtobtmi`r-so. Ikjk ` ùtob-

tmi`k oj uj` Cofor`k roàmz`f` poa`s mbstmtumos, prmjomrk boiossrmk mfobtmi`r

` quà mbstmtumk k usurmk portobio. Bosso jkjobtk, k ikjpkbobto Unoro @ro ]ku Crkj

(U@]C) ìmkb`fk. K U@]C rospkbsvoa pkr prkvor uj` amst` sojpro `tuàmz`f` fo mbstm -tumos portobiobtos Cofor`k. @ssmj, k usurmk skamimt`fk ` soaoimkb`r ` su` mbstmtumk

fobtrk foss` amst`. Akek `ps mssk, k usurmk obi`jmbn`fk p`r` ` pemb` fo ìossk oj su`

mbstmtumk. Mssk pkssvoa, uj` voz quo k U@]C ikbnoio tkfks ks prkvofkros fo mfobtmf`fo

f` Cofor`k o pkssum sous rospoitmvks obforoks oaotrbmiks rj`zob`fks.

K p`ssk soeumbto obvkavo ` ùtobtmi`k fk usurmk. Oss` ot`p` fo rospkbs`lmamf`fo f`

mbstmtumk quà k usurmk portobio. I`f` mbstmtumk j`btj uj prkvofkr fo mfobtmf`fos

(MfT) quo k ikjpkbobto f` Cofor`k rospkbsvoa pkr eu`rf`r ks f`fks fo i`f` usurmk.

V`btk f`fks rocorobtos k usurmk fmemtà, ikjk akemb, mbckrjòs rospomtk fo sobn`,

mfobtmi`fk bmik oti. qu`btk f`fks possk`ms, ikjk ITC, obforok, i`rek fo kiup`k,

obtro kutrks. @ ckrj` ikj quo ks usurmks so ùtobtmi`j i` ` irmtrmk fo i`f` mbstmtumk.

Tkr j, k prkvofkr fo mfobtmf`fos (MfT) so ikjubmi` ikj k prkvofkr fo sorvmks (YT) p`r`

mbckrj`r k rosuat`fk f` ùtobtmi`k, i`lobfk `k soeubfk foimfmr sklro k ikbtrkao fo

ìossk. Yobfk `ssmj, so k YT proims`r fo j`ms mbckrjòs sklro k usurmk p`r` foimfmr so

osso toj ku bk prmvmaemks p`r` ìoss`r k sor vmk, oao `mbf` so ikjubmi`r bkv`jobto ikj k

MfT p`r` skamimt-a`s.

Cmeur` 04.9

Ikjpkbobtos op`pms fo uj`Cofor`k.


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fo Yorvmk ku fo `jlks, obqu`btk k ikjpkbobto U@]C j`btmfk poa` \ofo B`imkb`a fo

Obsmbk o Tosqums` (\BT). Bk n bobnuj iustk `troa`fk `fosk f` Cofor`k I@Co, pkms k

sou klgotmvk bk b`biomrk, j`s smj ikberoe`r tkf`s s mbstmtumos i`fjmi`s lr`sm-

aomr`s. @t k mbimk fo


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030

I`ptuak

04-Cofor`kI@CooY@OI

@ssmj k Trkvofkr fo Mfobtmf`fo c`z k p`poa f` @\. O, fo c`tk, so pobs`rjks b`s ubmvorsm-

f`fos Lr`sma `ckr`, poriolojks quo `s mbckrjòs iruim`ms fo i`f` usurmk vormi`f`

poaks fop`rt`jobtks ` oa`s vmbiua`fks bk jkjobtk fo su` j`triua`. @ p`rtmr f` k usurmk

s ikbsoeuo ator`r ks sous f`fks lsmiks, ikjk obforok o toaockbo, soj vormi`k.

Ikj k Y@OI sobfk uj Trkvofkr fo \oiursks kbambo b` Cofor`k I@Co, ` ojmssk fo iortm-

i`fks p`ss` ` sor jumtk smjpaos, uj` voz quo ks usurmks bk proims`j so akikjkvor `t

uj` @\ o boj prkvor sous f`fks.

Vkfk k prkiossk roàmz`fk utkj`tmi`jobto, tr`vs f` mbtorbot o tktàjobto

tr`bsp`robto k usurmk.

Ojlkr` `qum skjobto sog` imt`f` ` Cofor`k I@Co, k Y@OI ckm prkgot`fk o fosobvkavmfk

p`r` cubimkb`r oj quàquor Cofor`k, fosfo quo sog` prkvmfk sou ^JA fo ikbeur`k bk

jkjobtk oj quo k Y@OI ostmvor sobfk mbstà`fk o quo ost` sog` ikjp`tvoa ikj k skctw`ro

amvro Ynmllkaotn.

Mbstà`k o ikbcmeur`k

qFotànos tibmiks70 K Y@OI supkrt`fk bk Ymstoj` Kporìmkbà _lubtu.

0 Ckrtojobto mbfmi`f` ` su` mbstà`k oj vorsos AVY fk _lubtu.

0 Mbstà`fk `tr`vs fo uj pìkto `pt.

@tuàjobto, k Y@OI supkrt`fk bk Ymstoj` Kporìmkbà _lubtu, roikjobf`bfk-so ckrto-

jobto k usk fo vorsos AVY. @ su` mbstà`k l`st`bto smjpaos o smjma`r fk YEIM7 l`st`

ikbeur`r k ropksmtrmk o l`mx`r k pìkto `pt. K rost`bto sor comtk ùtkj`tmi`jobto. @

ikbeur`k fk Y@OI roàmz`f` skjobto b` prmjomr` voz oj quo k smstoj` oxoiut`fk.

Boss` ot`p` sk roàmz`fks, obtro kutrks, k i`f`strk fk usurmk rospkbsvoa poa` `fjmbms-

tr`k fk smstoj`, k i`f`strk f`(s) cofor`k(os) vmbiua`f`(s) o k sotup f` @utkrmf`fo Ior-

tmi`fkr`. Yobfk osto atmjk l`st`bto p`roimfk ikj k sotup fo uj` @I bk YEIM, mbiaumbfk k

fkwbak`f f` roqumsmk fo iortmi`fk, ` ojmssk fo sou iortmi`fk pkr kutr` @I, ` ikbeu-

r`k fk tojpa`to fo iortmi`fk utmamz`fk, obtro kutrks.

_tmamz`k fk Y@OI

Fk pkbtk fo vmstk fk usurmk, k Y@OI uj smstoj` jumtk smjpaos. T`r` skamimt`r uj iortm -

i`fk, boiossrmk ìoss`r ` pemb` prmbimpà fk Y@OI, iami`r oj Iortmi`fk o fopkms oj

Ojmtmr, ikbckrjo vmstk b` eur` 04.?.

Akek `ps `p`roior uj` g`boa` kbfo k usurmk v`m soaoimkb`r su` mbstmtumk (U@]C). Oss`

g`boa` smjma`r f` eur` 04.3.

Y`ml` j`msT`r` j`ms fotànos,ikbsuato k j`buà fombstà`k o ikbeu-r`k fk Y@OI.

a

Cmeur` 04.?Voa` mbmimà fk Y@OI.


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03Jobs`eoj fosuiossk.


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039

I`ptuak

04-Cofor`kI@CooY@OI

@fjmbmstr`k fk Y@OI

q0 Akes.0 Kpor`fkros.

0 NYJ.

0 \oqumsmk.

0 Jkfoaks.

0 AI\.

0 Iortmi`fks.

0 Lìhup.

0 Ost`tstmi`s.

@ssmj ikjk tkfk prkvofkr fo sorvmk, k Y@OI t`jlj pkssum uj` ro` `fjmbmstr`tmv`,

kbfo sk comt`s `s su`s ikbeuròs fo ckrj` eorà. @ eur` 0.4= prosobt` toa` mbmimà f`

ro` `fjmbmstr`tmv` fk Y@OI.

B`s prxmj`s pemb`s, v`jks ikbnoior uj pkuik j`ms sklro i`f` tmpk fo ikbeur`k quo

pkfo sor comt` b` ro` `fjmbmstr`tmv` fk Y@OI. Oj krfoj sork `prosobt`f`s `s soeumbtos ro`s7

Akes

Ymjma`rjobto `k YEIM, tkf` kpor`k roàmz`f` bk Y@OI er`v`f` oj uj ake. Fosfo ` kpo -

r`k j`ms smjpaos, ikjk uj akemb, `t `s j`ms ikjpaox`s, ikjk lìhup, sk roemstr`f`s

gubt`jobto ikj k usurmk quo ` roàmzku, o ` f`t` o nkr` oj quo ` kpor`k ckm roàmz`f`. @

soeumr pkssvoa vor `s kporòs fmspkbvoms bk jobu fo Akes.

Cmeur` 04.=Voa` mbmimà f` ro`fo @fjmbmstr`k

fk Y@OI.

Cmeur` 04.04Jobu fo Akes.


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@jl`s `s kpos sk smjma`ros s fk YEIM. @ prmjomr` oxpkr t` ks akes oj uj `rqumvk aoevoa

smjma`r `k jkstr`fk b` eur` 04.00, o ` soeubf` rojkvo tkfks ks roemstrks fk smstoj`.

Kpor`fkros

Bk Y@OI, ks kpor`fkros tj uj p`poa uj pkuik fmcorobto fks kpor`fkros fk YEIM. @qum,

i`f` kpor`fkr rospkbsvoa pkr `fjmbmstr`r t`roc`s roaìmkb`f`s mbstmtumk ` quà oao

portobio. Cutur`jobto sor `prosobt`f` ` ro` fo Kpor`k fo Mbstmtumos, kbfo i`f`

t`roc` fks kpor`fkros sor joankr fotàn`f`.

Bk jobu Kpor`fkros, v mstk b` eur` 04.0


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03?

I`ptuak

04-Cofor`kI@CooY@OI

K roemstrk fo kpor`fkros comtk `tr`vs fo uj ckrjuarmk smjpaos, fmcorobto fk YEIM, kbfo

boiossrmk irm`r k usurmk o fopkms `trmlumr k sou p`poa. Bk jkjobtk fk roemstrk,

boiossrmk mbckrj`r ` mbstmtumk quo osso kpor`fkr v`m kpor`r, sou usorb`jo (Bkjo fo

usurmk) o sobn`, aj fo aeuj`s mbckrj`os possk`ms smjpaos, ikjk bkjo o o-j`ma. K

ckrjuarmk fo roemstrk fo uj kpor`fkr pkfo sor vmstk b` eur` 04.06.

Cmeur` 04.09Amst`eoj fokpor`fkros.

Cmeur` 04.06\oemstrk fo

kpor`fkr.


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033


NYJ

Osso jobu t`jlj eu`rf` jumt`s sojoan`b`s ikj k YEIM. @qum pkssvoa roemstr`r uj

NYJ, kbfo i`j `rj`zob`f`s `s in`vos f` @utkrmf`fo Iortmi`fkr`. K ckrjuarmk fo

roemstrk fo NYJs pkfo sor vmstk b` eur` 04.0?.

T`r` roemstr`r uj NYJ, boiossrmk mbckrj`r k MF f` obembo. Ikjk g vmstk bk bkssk i`sk,

osso MF kpobnsjf, k `rqumvk f` obembo, k bkjo f` in`vo f` @I bk NYJ, k MT kbfo k NYJ

so obikbtr` o ` su` pkrt`. Bosso oxojpak, ` pkrt` bk ckm prkvmf`. Pu`bfk mssk `ikbtoio, `

pkrt` p`frk (?444) utmamz`f`.

\oqumsmk

Osso jobu tma skjobto obqu`btk k iort mi`fk f` @I fk Y@OI bk ojmtmfk. Iami`bfk

boao, k `fjmbmstr`fkr ikbsoeuo l`mx`r ` roqumsmk fo iortmi`fk f` @I eor`f` bk jkjobtk

fo mbst`a`k fk Y@OI.

Jkfoaks

K jobu fo jkfoaks porjmto quo k `fjmbmstr`fkr ikbeuro jkfoaks (tojpa`tos) p`r` `

ojmssk fo AI\s o Iortmi`fks, ikbckrjo vmstk b` eur` 04.03.

Cmeur` 04.0?\oemstrk fo NYJ.

Cmeur` 04.03Jobu fo Jkfoaks.


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035

I`ptuak

04-Cofor`kI@CooY@OI

T`r` ` ikbeur`k fo uj jkfoak fo ojmssk fo AI\s, boiossrmk mbckrj`r so ` ojmssk

ùtkjtmi` ku bk, ` vàmf`fo oj fm`s fo i`f` AI\ ojmtmf` o k àekrmtjk fo n`sn us`fk oj

su` `ssmb`tur`. K ckrjuarmk fo ikbeur`k fo jkfoak fo AI\ pkfo sor vmstk b` eur` 04.05.

T`r` ` ikbeur`k fo uj jkfoak fo ojmssk fo iortmi`fks, sk boiossrmks `mbf` jobks

f`fks skjobto ` vàmf`fo oj fm`s fo i`f` iortmi`fk ojmtmfk o k àekrmtjk fo n`sn us`fk

b` su` `ssmb`tur` fmemtà, ikjk pkfo sor vmstk b` eur` 04.0>.

AI\

K jobu fo AI\ porjmto ` kpor`k fo fu`s òs7 ojmssk fo AI\s o k Fkwbak`f. K jobu

fo AI\ pkfo sor ikbcormfk b` eur` 04.0=.

Cmeur` 04.05Ikbeur`k fojkfoak fo AI\.

Cmeur` 04.0>Ikbeur`kfo jkfoak fo

Iortmi`fk.

Cmeur` 04.0=Jobu fo AI\.


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03>


@ ojmssk uj` kpor`k smjpaos, quo s oxmeo ` utobtmi`k fk usurmk fjmbmstr`fkr. K

fkwbak`f fo AI\s pkfo sor comtk fo fu`s j`bomr`s fmcorobtos7

0 K `fjmbmstr`fkr pkfo osikanor c`zor k fkwbak`f f` atmj` AI\ ojmtmf`, bk boiossm-

t`bfk mbckrj`r bobnuj f`fk8

0 B` soeubf` j`bomr`, k `fjmbmstr`fkr pkfo osikanor prkiur`r pkr AI\s ojmtmf`s oj uj

fotorjmb`fk porkfk fo tojpk8 `ssmj, oao roqumsmt`fk ` soaoimkb`r ` f`t` mbmim`a o b`a fk

porkfk fo tojpk fosog`fk. @ toa` fo fkwbak`fs fo AI\s pkfo sor vmst` b` eur` 04.


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03=

I`ptuak

04-Cofor`kI@CooY@OI

Lìhup

K jobu fo Lìhup, ikjk k prprmk bkjo sueoro, ` ro` fk smstoj` kbfo k `fjmbmstr`fkr

ikbsoeuo eor`r o roiupor`r lìhups. Ymjma`rjobto `k YEIM, uj lìhup bk Y@OI uj`

mjèoj fk smstoj` ikjk uj tkfk. @ eur` 04.


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Ost`tstmi`s

Cmbàjobto, k jobu fo Ost`tstmi`s prkv f`fks mbckrj`tmvks sklro k cubimkb`jobtk fk

Y@OI. Boao, pkssvoa v msuàmz`r ks bjorks fk smstoj` fosfo k jkjobtk oj quo oao ckm

mbstà`fk (Vktà) o oj uj fotorjmb`fk porkfk fo tojpk, ikbckrjo vms tk b` eur` 04.


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050

I`ptuak

04-Cofor`kI@CooY@OI

@qum pkfoj sor roàmz`f`s kporòs roa`tmv`s skjobto ` fkms i`jpks fk Y@OI7

0 Jkfoaks8

0 Iortmi`fks.

Jkfoaks

Bosso jobu, k usurmk ikbsoeuo àtor`r k jkfoak fo iortmi`fks ` soroj ojmtmfks p`r`

usurmks fo su` mbstmtumk. @ toa` fo ikbeur`k fo jkfoaks j`ms ikjpaox` fk quo ` `pro -

sobt`f` b` ro` `fjmbmstr`tmv`, uj` voz quo a skjobto sk comt`s `s ikbeuròs lsmi`s,

ikjk ` vàmf`fo, quo bk pkfo sor j`mkr fk quo ` vàmf`fo fk iortmi`fk f` @I fk Y@OI.

@ ikbeur`k fo jkfoaks fo iortmi`fks b` ro` fo Kpor`k fo Mbstmtumk l`st`bto

smjma`r g vmst` bk YEIM, ikjk pkfo sor klsorv`fk b` eur` 04.


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ICPEdu Introdução a Infraestrutura de Chaves Públicas e Aplicações