Linux Básico – Parte XX

 

11.2.3 – Comandos Úteis

 

Existem uma série de comandos de rede úteis no linux, que servem tanto para configuração quanto para verificação de problemas.

 

11.2.3.1 – ip

 

Sintaxe: ip [opções] [Objeto] [Comando]

 

O ip é utilizado para atribuir endereços IP para as interfaces de rede, mostrar configuração do TCP/IP, entre outras coisas.

 

Exemplo : Mostrando o endereço IP da nossa máquina

 

A. Digite:

 

 

Figura 95 – Mostrando endereço IP

 

Observe que aparecem dois endereços e duas interfaces. A primeira interface (lo), significa loopback. Não é uma interface física e sim lógica usada para comunicação entre processos na mesma máquina e está sempre presente, mesmo que a máquina não esteja em rede. A segunda interface (eth0) é a interface de rede física e é aquela em que estamos interessados. O endereço IP aparece no campo inet. Cada interface tem também um endereço físico configurado de fábrica e que é único para cada placa, esse endereço aparece no campo link.

 

11.2.3.2 – ifconfig

 

Podemos obter o mesmo resultado do comando ip usando o ifconfig.

 

Sintaxe: ifconfig [opções]

 

Exemplo : Mostrando as placas de rede instaladas

 

A. Digite:

 

 

Observe que dessa forma aparecem as interfaces presentes no sistema, mas não sabemos o status das mesmas (habiltada ou desabilitada).

 

Para listarmos as interfaces ativas:

 

B. Digite:

 

 

Figura 96 – Saída do comando ifconfig

 

Vamos agora desabilitar a nossa interface e em seguida repetir o comando ifconfig –a.

 

C. Digite:

 

 

Com isso desabilitamos a nossa interface

 

D. Digite:

 

 

Figura 97 – Listando interfaces

 

Aparentemente não há diferença não é? Mas observe que dessa vez a palavra RUNNING não aparece indicando que a placa não está ativa.

 

Para habilitar novamente:

 

E. Digite:

 

 

11.2.3.3 – Ping

 

Sintaxe: ping [host ou IP]

 

O ping verifica se uma máquina está viva. É um dos comandos mais úteis e mais utilizados.

 

Exemplo: Testando a máquina local

 

A. Digite:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Coloque o IP mostrado no comando ip ou ifconfig.

 

 

 

Figura 98 – Saída do comando ping

 

Isso indica que a máquina em questão está viva. Clique <CTRL>+<C> para voltar ao prompt.

 

Suponha que exista uma outra máquina com endereço igual ao seu só tendo o final diferente e que ela estivesse desconectada da rede ou desligada. A resposta ao ping seria:

 

B. Digite:

 

 

Figura 99 – Ping em um host desconectado

 

11.2.3.4 – netstat

 

Com netstat podemos ver as estatísticas das interfaces, tais como pacotes enviados, pacotes recebidos, além de informações de rotas. Rota é o caminho que um pacote percorre até chegar ao seu destino.

 

Sintaxe : netstat [opções]

 

Para ver as estatísticas:

 

A. Digite:

 

 

Para ver as rotas :

 

B. Digite:

 

 

11.2.3.5 – traceroute

 

Com traceroute podemos ver em tempo real todo o caminho que um pacote percorre até chegar ao seu destino. Com isso estamos traçando a rota para um destino, e cada linha que aparece na tela é chamada de pulo.

 

Sintaxe: traceroute [Endereço IP ou nome DNS]

 

Para traçar a rota para www.google.com.br:

 

A. Digite:

 

 

 

catchsegv pbmtopgm

cc pbmtopi3

ccache pbmtopk

ccexample pbmtoplot

cd pbmtoppa

cdda2wav pbmtopsg3

cdparanoia pbmtoptx

cdrdao pbmtowbmp

cdrecord pbmtox10bm

cfdisk pbmtoxbm

chacl pbmtoybm

chage pbmtozinc

chat pbmupc

chattr pcdovtoppm

check-radiusd-config pcic_probe

checkalias pcimodules

checkgid pcinitrd

checkrad pcprofiledump

chfn pcre-config

chgrp pcregrep

chkdupexe pcretest

chmod pcxtoppm

chown pdbedit

chpasswd pdf2dsc

chroot pdf2ps

chsh pdfopt

chvt pdiff

ci pear

cjpeg perl

cksum perl5.8.6

cleanappledouble.pl perlbug

clear perlcc

clisp perldoc

clock perlivp

clockdiff perror

cmp pf2afm

cmuwmtopbm pfbtopfa

cnid2_create pfbtops

cnid_dbd pg

cnid_maint pgawk

cnid_metad pgawk-3.1.4

co pgmabel

col pgmbentley

colcrt pgmcrater

collateindex.pl pgmedge

colrm pgmenhance

column pgmhist

comm pgmkernel

command pgmminkowski

comp_err pgmmorphconv

compgen pgmnoise

complete pgmnorm

composeglyphs pgmoil

compress pgmramp

continue pgmslice

convertquota pgmtexture

cp pgmtofs

cpan pgmtolispm

cpio pgmtopbm

cpp pgmtopgm

crond pgmtoppm

crontab pgpewrap

cscope pgpring

csh pgrep

csplit php

ctags php-config

ctrlaltdel phpextdist

cu phpize

cue2toc pi-csd

cups-calibrate pi-getram

cups-config pi-getrom

cupsaddsmb pi-getromtoken

cupsd pi-nredir

cupstestppd pi1toppm

curl pi3topbm

curl-config pic

cut pico

cvs piconv

cvsbug picttoppm

cytune pidof

d pilot

date pilot-addresses

db2dvi pilot-archive

db2html pilot-clip

db2pdf pilot-datebook

db2ps pilot-dedupe

db2rtf pilot-file

db4_archive pilot-foto

db4_checkpoint pilot-prc

db4_deadlock pilot-schlep

db4_dump pilot-xfer

db4_load pine

db4_printlog pinegpg

db4_recover pinegpg-install

db4_stat pinepgpgpg-install

db4_upgrade ping

db4_verify ping6

db_archive pinky

db_checkpoint pivot_root

db_deadlock pj-gs.sh

db_dump pjtoppm

db_load pkg-config

db_printlog pkgtool

db_recover pkill

db_stat pktopbm

db_upgrade pl2pm

db_verify play

dbiprof plipconfig

dbiproxy pmake

dbmmanage pmap

dc pmap_dump

dd pmap_set

ddate png2eps

ddbugtopbm pngtopnm

deallocvt pnmalias

debugfs pnmarith

debugreiserfs pnmcat

debugsh pnmcolormap

declare pnmcomp

deformat-c pnmconvol

deformat-sh pnmcrop

depmod pnmcut

depmod.old pnmdepth

detect_multipath pnmenlarge

devdump pnmfile

df pnmflip

dhclient pnmgamma

dhclient-script pnmhisteq

dhcpcd pnmhistmap

dhcpd pnmindex

dhcrelay pnminterp

dialog pnminvert

diff pnmmargin

diff3 pnmmontage

diffpp pnmnlfilt

dig pnmnoraw

dir pnmnorm

dircolors pnmpad

dirname pnmpaste

dirs pnmpsnr

disable pnmquant

disable-paste pnmremap

diskcopy pnmrotate

diskd pnmscale

diskseekd pnmscalefixed

disown pnmshear

distcc pnmsmooth

distccd pnmsplit

distccmon-gnome pnmstitch

distccmon-text pnmtile

djpeg pnmtoddif

dlpsh pnmtofiasco

dmesg pnmtofits

dnsdomainname pnmtojbig

dnsmasq pnmtojpeg

dnssec-keygen pnmtopalm

dnssec-signzone pnmtopclxl

do pnmtoplainpnm

docbook2dvi pnmtopng

docbook2html pnmtops

docbook2man pnmtorast

docbook2pdf pnmtorle

docbook2ps pnmtosgi

docbook2rtf pnmtosir

docbook2tex pnmtotiff

docbook2texi pnmtotiffcmyk

docbook2txt pnmtoxwd

domainname pnpdump

done pod2html

dosfsck pod2latex

doxygen pod2man

doxytag pod2text

doxywizard pod2usage

dpasswd podchecker

dprofpp podselect

du policytool

dump-acct popa3d

dump-utmp popd

dump_cis post-grohtml

dumpe2fs poweroff

dumpkeys ppm2tiff

dumpreg ppm3d

dvd+rw-booktype ppmbrighten

dvd+rw-format ppmchange

dvd+rw-mediainfo ppmcie

dvd-ram-control ppmcolormask

dvipdf ppmcolors

e2fsadm ppmdim

e2fsck ppmdist

e2image ppmdither

e2label ppmfade

echo ppmflash

ed ppmforge

editmap ppmglobe

edquota ppmhist

egrep ppmlabel

eject ppmmake

elif ppmmix

elm ppmnorm

elmalias ppmntsc

else ppmpat

elvfmt ppmquant

elvis ppmquantall

elvtags ppmrainbow

elvtune ppmrelief

enable ppmrough

enc2xs ppmshadow

encapsulate ppmshift

enscript ppmspread

env ppmsvgalib

envsubst ppmtoacad

epic ppmtoarbtxt

epic-EPIC4-2.0 ppmtobmp

eps2eps ppmtoeyuv

epsffit ppmtogif

eqn ppmtoicr

esac ppmtoilbm

escp2topbm ppmtojpeg

escputil ppmtoleaf

esd ppmtolj

esd-config ppmtolss16

esdcat ppmtomap

esdctl ppmtomitsu

esddsp ppmtompeg

esdfilt ppmtoneo

esdloop ppmtopcx

esdmon ppmtopgm

esdplay ppmtopi1

esdrec ppmtopict

esdsample ppmtopj

etc2ps.sh ppmtopjxl

ethtool ppmtoppm

eval ppmtopuzz

eview ppmtorgb3

evim ppmtosixel

ex ppmtoterm

exec ppmtouil

exit ppmtowinicon

expand ppmtoxpm

expiry ppmtoyuv

explodepkg ppmtoyuvsplit

export ppmtv

exportfs ppmwheel

expr ppp-off

extcompose pppd

extractres pppdump

eyuvtoppm pppoe

f77 pppoe-relay

factor pppoe-server

faillog pppoe-sniff

false pppsetup

fastmail pppstats

faucet pr

fax2ps praliases

fax2tiff pre-grohtml

fbset precat

fc preunzip

fdformat prezip

fdisk prezip-bin

fdlist printafm

fdmount printenv

fdmountd printf

fdrawcmd printmail

fdumount prlong

fetchmail procinfo

fetchmailconf procmail

fg profiles

fgconsole proftpd

fgrep prove

fi ps

fiascotopnm ps2ascii

file ps2epsi

filefrag ps2pdf

find ps2pdf12

find2perl ps2pdf13

findaffix ps2pdf14

findfs ps2pdfwr

findsmb ps2ps

finger psa

fitstopnm psbook

fixdlsrps psc

fixfmps psed

fixmacps psf

fixmswrd.pl psfaddtable

fixnt psfgettable

fixps psfstriptable

fixpsditps psfxtable

fixpspps psidtopgm

fixscribeps psmandup

fixtpps psmerge

fixwfwps psnup

fixwpps psorder

fixwwps pspell-config

fiz psresize

flac psselect

flea psset

flex pstopnm

flex++ pstops

flock pstree

floppycontrol pstruct

floppyd ptx

floppyd_installtest purgestat

floppymeter pushd

fmt pv.sh

fold pvchange

font2c pvcreate

foomatic-rip pvdata

for pvdisplay

formail pvmove

free pvscan

frm pwck

fromdos pwconv

fsck pwd

fsck.cramfs pwunconv

fsck.ext2 pydoc

fsck.ext3 pygettext.py

fsck.hpfs pynche

fsck.jfs python

fsck.minix python2.4

fsck.msdos qrttoppm

fsck.reiserfs quot

fsck.umsdos quota

fsck.xfs quotacheck

fstopgm quotaoff

ftl_check quotaon

ftl_format quotastats

ftp radacct

ftpcount radclient

ftpdctl radeapclient

ftpshut radexample

ftptop radiusd

ftpwho radlast

function radlogin

funzip radrelay

fuser radsqlrelay

g++ radstatus

g++-gcc-3.3.4 radtest

g3topbm radwatch

g77 radwho

g77-gcc-3.3.4 radzap

gawk raid0run

gawk-3.1.4 raidhotadd

gcc raidhotremove

gcc-3.3.4 raidreconf

gccbug raidsetfaulty

gcj raidstart

gcjh raidstop

gcov ramsize

gdb ranlib

gdbserver rarp

gdk-pixbuf-config rarpd

gdk-pixbuf-csource ras2tiff

gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders rasttopnm

gemtopbm raw

gemtopnm raw2tiff

gencat rawtopgm

gendiff rawtoppm

generate-modprobe.conf rb

genksyms rc.radiusd

genpowerd rcp

genpowerfail rcs

gentest rcs2log

geqn rcsclean

getafm rcsdiff

getconf rcsmerge

getent rcstest

getfacl rdev

getfattr rdisc

getfdprm rdist

getfilename rdistd

gethostip rdjpgcom

getkeycodes read

getmail read-expenses

getmail_maildir read-ical

getmail_mbox read-notepad

getopt read-palmpix

getoptprog read-todos

getopts readcd

getpeername readelf

getsockname readlink

gettext readmsg

gettextize readonly

getty readprofile

getzones reboot

gif2tiff rec

giftopnm red

gij ref

gimpprint-config refer

gindxbib reiserfsck

ginstall reiserfstune

glib-config reject

glib-genmarshal reminders

glib-gettextize removepkg

glib-mkenums rename

glookbib renice

gmake replace

gnat repquota

gnatbind rescan-scsi-bus

gnatbl reset

gnatchop resize2fs

gnatfind resize_reiserfs

gnatkr resizecons

gnatlink resolve_stack_dump

gnatls resolveip

gnatmake restore

gnatname restorefont

gnatprep restorepalette

gnatpsta restoretextmode

gnatxref return

gneqn rev

gnroff rexima

gobject-query rgb2ycbcr

gouldtoppm rgb3toppm

gpasswd rgrep

gpccard richtext

gpg ripquery

gpg-check rjoe

gpg-encrypt rksh

gpg-sign rletopnm

gpg-sign+encrypt rlm_ippool_tool

gpgsplit rlog

gpgv rlogin

gpic rm

gpm rmail

gpm-root rmdir

gprof rmic

grefer rmid

grep rmiregistry

grepjar rmmod

grn rmmod.old

grodvi rmt

groff rn

grog rndc

grolbp rndc-confgen

grolj4 rootflags

grops rotatelogs

grotty route

groupadd routed

groupdel routef

groupmod routel

groups rpc.bootparamd

growisofs rpc.lockd

grpck rpc.mountd

grpconv rpc.nfsd

grpunconv rpc.portmap

gs rpc.rquotad

gs-no-x11 rpc.rusersd

gsbj rpc.rwalld

gsdj rpc.statd

gsdj500 rpc.yppasswdd

gslj rpc.ypxfrd

gslp rpcclient

gsnd rpcgen

gsoelim rpcinfo

gtbl rpm

gtk-config rpm2cpio

gtk-demo rpm2targz

gtk-query-immodules-2.0 rpm2tgz

gtk-update-icon-cache rpmbuild

gtkdoc-fixxref rpmdb

gtkdoc-mkdb rpme

gtkdoc-mkhtml rpmgraph

gtkdoc-mkman rpmi

gtkdoc-mktmpl rpmoffset

gtkdoc-scan rpmquery

gtkdoc-scangobj rpmsign

gtkdoc-scanobj rpmu

gtkdocize rpmverify

gtroff rsh

guile rsync

guile-config rtacct

guile-snarf rtf2rtf

guile-tools rtin

gunzip rtmon

gxditview rtstat

gzexe run-parts

gzip run-with-aspell

h2ph rundig

h2xs runlevel

halt runscript

hash rup

hdifftopam ruptime

hdparm rusers

head rview

help rvim

hexdump rvnamed

hinotes rwall

hipstopgm rwho

history rwhod

hose rx

host rz

hostid rzip

hostname s2p

hoststat sa

hotplug safe_finger

hpcdtoppm savelog

hpftodit savetextmode

hpijs sb

hqx2bin sbigtopgm

htdig sc

htdigest scgcheck

htdump scp

htfuzzy scqref

htload scr-bx

htmerge screen

htnotify screen-4.0.2

htpasswd script

htsearch scsi_info

httpd sdiff

hwclock sdl-config

i486-slackware-linux-c++ sed

i486-slackware-linux-g++ seejpeg

i486-slackware-linux-gcc select

i486-slackware-linux-gcc-3.3.4 sendmail

i486-slackware-linux-gcj seq

ibench servertool

icc2ps set

icclink setconsolefont

icctrans setfacl

icmpinfo setfattr

icombine setfdprm

icontopbm setfont

iconv setkeycodes

iconvconfig setleds

id setmetamode

ide_info setpci

idecrypt setquota

ident setserial

idle setsid

idn setterm

iecset sfconvert

if sfdisk

ifconfig sfinfo

ifmpap sftp

ifmpaprev sg

ifnames sgitopnm

ifpap sgml2html

ifpaprev sgml2info

ifport sgml2latex

ifstat sgml2lyx

ifuser sgml2rtf

ifwmpap sgml2txt

ifwmpaprev sgml2xml

ifwpap sgmlcheck

ifwpaprev sgmldiff

igawk sgmlnorm

ijoin sgmlpre

ijs-config sgmlsasp

ijsgimpprint sgmlspl

ikeygen sgmltools.v1

ilbmtoppm sgmlwhich

imapd sh

imgtoppm sha1sum

imlib-config shadowconfig

imlib_config shar

in shift

in.comsat shopt

in.fingerd showaudio

in.identd showchar

in.ntalkd showconsolefont

in.proftpd showexternal

in.rexecd showkey

in.rlogind showmount

in.rshd shownonascii

in.talkd showpartial

in.telnetd showpicture

in.tftpd showppd

in.timed shred

in.writed shutdown

includeres single2bin

indent sirtopnm

indxbib size

inetd size86

inews skel

inews-nntp skill

info slabtop

infocmp slattach

infokey sldtoppm

infotocap sleep

init sliceprint

initscript.sample sln

insmod slocate

insmod.old slogin

insmod.static slrn

insmod.static.old slrnpull

insmod_ksymoops_clean smartctl

install smartd

install-catalog smbcacls

install-datebook smbclient

install-expenses smbcontrol

install-hinote smbcquotas

install-info smbd

install-memo smbencrypt

install-netsync smbmnt

install-todo smbmount

install-todos smbpasswd

install-user smbspool

installpkg smbstatus

instmodsh smbtar

ior-decode smbtree

ip smbumount

ip6tables smrsh

ip6tables-restore smtpd.py

ip6tables-save snice

ipcrm sockdown

ipcs socklist

ipmaddr soelim

ipmask sort

ipop3d source

iptables sox

iptables-restore soxmix

iptables-save spam

iptraf spctoppm

iptunnel speaker-test

irssi spent

isamchk splain

isamlog split

isapnp splitmail

isc-config.sh splitvt

isodebug spottopgm

isodump sprof

isoinfo sputoppm

isosize ss

isovfy ssh

ispell ssh-add

iwconfig ssh-agent

iwevent ssh-copy-id

iwgetid ssh-keygen

iwlist ssh-keyscan

iwpriv sshd

iwspy stat

jade states

jar stinit

java strace

java_vm strace-graph

javaws strings

jaztool strings-GNU

jbigtopnm strip

jcf-dump stty

jed stunnel

jed-script stunnel3

jfs_debugfs su

jfs_fsck sudo

jfs_fscklog sudoedit

jfs_logdump sulogin

jfs_mkfs sum

jfs_tune superformat

jmacs suspend

jobs svgakeymap

joe swapoff

join swapon

jove swat

jove-recover sx

jpegicc sync

jpegtopnm sysctl

jpegtran syslinux

jpico syslinux-nomtools

jstar syslog_tst

jv-convert syslogd

jv-scan sysvbanner

jw sysvlp.sh

kallsyms sz

kbd_mode tac

kbdrate tack

kernelversion taglib-config

keytab-lilo.pl tail

keytool talk

kill talk-0.11

killall tar

killall5 tar-1.13

kinit tar-1.15.1

klist tbl

klogd tc

ksh tcpd

ksymoops tcpdchk

ksyms tcpdmatch

ktab tcpdump

last tcsh

lastcomm tdbbackup

lastlog tdbdump

ld tdbtool

ld86 teachjove

ldconfig tee

ldd telinit

lddlibc4 telnet

leaftoppm tempfile

less termidx

lessecho test

lesskey testparm

lesspipe.sh testprns

let testver

lex texi2dvi

lftp texi2dvi4a2ps

lftpget texindex

lha textmode

libIDL-config tfmpap

libart2-config tfmpaprev

libglade-convert tfmtodit

libieee1284_test tfpap

libnetcfg tfpaprev

libpng-config tftp

libpng12-config tfwmpap

libtool tfwmpaprev

libtoolize tfwpap

libusb-config tfwpaprev

libwmf-config tgatoppm

libwmf-fontmap then

lilo thinkjettopbm

liloconfig thumbnail

line tic

link tickadj

links tiff2bw

lispmtopgm tiff2pdf

listalias tiff2ps

lkbib tiff2rgba

ln tiffcmp

loadkeys tiffcp

loadunimap tiffdither

local tiffdump

locale tiffgt

localedef tifficc

locate tiffinfo

lockfile tiffmedian

logger tiffset

login tiffsplit

login.radius tifftopnm

logname time

logout timeconfig

logoutd timedc

logresolve timelimit

logrotate timeout

logsave times

look tin

lookbib tload

losetup tnameserv

lp toc2cddb

lp-cups toc2cue

lp2pap.sh todos

lpadmin toe

lpc top

lpc-cups touch

lpinfo tput

lpmove tr

lpoptions tracepath

lppasswd tracepath6

lpq traceroute

lpq-cups traceroute6

lpr trap

lpr-cups tree

lprm trn

lprm-cups trn-artchk

lprsetup.sh troff

lpstat true

lpstat-cups try-from

lrb tryaffix

lrx tset

lrz tsort

ls tty

lsattr tune2fs

lsb tunelp

lsdev type

lsmod type1afm

lsmod.old typeset

lsof tzselect

lspci udev

lsraid udevd

lss16toppm udevinfo

lsusb udevsend

lsz udevstart

lvchange udevtest

lvcreate udosctl

lvdisplay udump

lvextend uil

lvmchange ul

lvmcreate_initrd ulimit

lvmdiskscan umask

lvmsadc umount

lvmsar umssetup

lvreduce umssync

lvremove unalias

lvrename uname

lvscan unarj

lwresd unbin

lynx uncompress

m4 unexpand

macbinary unhex

macptopbm unicode_start

macusers unicode_stop

madplay uniconv

mail uniq

mail.local unix-lpr.sh

mailq unlink

mailstat unpack200

mailstats unset

mailto unshar

mailto-hebrew unsingle

mailx until

make unzip

make_win_binary_distribution unzipsfx

make_win_src_distribution update

makebootdisk updatedb

makeinfo upgradepkg

makemap uptime

makepkg usbmodules

makewhatis useradd

man userdel

man2dvi usermod

man2html users

mapscrn utempter

mattrib uuchk

mbadblocks uucico

mc uuconv

mcat uucp

mcd uudecode

mcedit uudepipe

mcmfmt uuencode

mcookie uuenpipe

mcopy uugetty

mcview uuidgen

md5sum uulog

mdadm uuname

mdatopbm uupick

mdel uusched

mdeltree uustat

mdir uuto

mdu uux

megatron uuxqt

memos v

merge vacation

mesg vcut

messages vdir

metaflac vgcfgbackup

metamail vgcfgrestore

metasend vgchange

mev vgck

mformat vgcreate

mgrtopbm vgdisplay

mii-tool vgexport

mimeit vgextend

mimencode vgimport

minfo vgmerge

minicom vgmknodes

mkafmmap vgreduce

mkdir vgremove

mkdosfs vgrename

mke2fs vgscan

mkfifo vgsplit

mkfs vi

mkfs.bfs vidmode

mkfs.cramfs view

mkfs.ext2 vigr

mkfs.ext3 vim

mkfs.jfs vimdiff

mkfs.minix vimtutor

mkfs.msdos vipw

mkfs.reiserfs visudo

mkfs.xfs vmake

mkhybrid vmstat

mkinitrd volname

mkisofs vorbiscomment

mklost+found vsftpd

mkmanifest w

mknod wait

mkpasswd wall

mkraid warnquota

mkreiserfs watch

mkrescue wbinfo

mkswap wbmptopbm

mktemp wc

mkzftree wftopfa

mlabel wget

mm-config whatis

mmd whereis

mmencode which

mmount while

mmove who

mmroff whoami

mode3 whois

modinfo winbindd

modinfo.old winicontoppm

modprobe wmf2eps

modprobe.old wmf2fig

modulator wmf2gd

money2qif wmf2svg

more wmf2x

most wnewmail

mount word-list-compress

mount.smbfs workbone

mouseconfig write

mpartition wrjpgcom

mpg123 wtpt

mpg321 wv2-config

mrd xapm

mread xargs

mren xbattery

mrftopbm xbmtopbm

msgattrib xdfcopy

msgcat xdfformat

msgcmp xfs_admin

msgcomm xfs_bmap

msgconv xfs_check

msgen xfs_copy

msgexec xfs_db

msgfilter xfs_estimate

msgfmt xfs_freeze

msgfmt.py xfs_fsr

msggrep xfs_growfs

msginit xfs_info

msgmerge xfs_io

msgunfmt xfs_logprint

msguniq xfs_mkfile

mshowfat xfs_ncheck

msql2mysql xfs_repair

mt xfs_rtcp

mt-GNU xfsdq

mt-st xfsdump

mtools xfsinvutil

mtoolstest xfsrestore

mtrace xfsrq

mtvtoppm xgettext

mtype xglyph

munchlist ximtoppm

mutt xmbind

muttbug xminicom

mv xml2-config

mwm xmlcatalog

mxmkmf xmllint

my_print_defaults xmlwf

myisam_ftdump xnmap

myisamchk xorgsetup

myisamlog xpmtoppm

myisampack xqmstats

mysql xslt-config

mysql_config xsltproc

mysql_convert_table_format xsubpp

mysql_explain_log xtrace

mysql_find_rows xvminitoppm

mysql_fix_extensions xwdtopnm

mysql_fix_privilege_tables xwmconfig

mysql_install xx

mysql_install_db xxd

mysql_secure_installation yacc

mysql_setpermission ybmtopbm

mysql_tableinfo yes

mysql_waitpid ypbind

mysql_zap ypcat

mysqlaccess ypchfn

mysqladmin ypchsh

mysqlbinlog ypdomainname

mysqlbug ypmatch

mysqlcheck yppasswd

mysqld_multi yppoll

mysqld_safe yppush

mysqldump ypserv

mysqldumpslow ypset

mysqlhotcopy ypwhich

mysqlimport ytalk

mysqlmanager yuvsplittoppm

mysqlmanager-pwgen yuvtoppm

mysqlmanagerc zcat

mysqlshow zcmp

mysqltest zdiff

mzip zdump

nadheader zegrep

nail zeisstopnm

name-client zfgrep

named zforce

named-bootconf.sh zgrep

named-checkconf zic

named-checkzone zip

namei zipcloak

nameif zipgrep

nasm zipinfo

nbplkup zipnote

nbprgstr zipsplit

nbpunrgstr ziptool

nc zless

ncftp zmore

ncftpbatch znew

ncftpbookmarks zoo

ncftpget zsh

ncftpls zsh-4.2.1

ncftpput zsoelim

ncftpspooler {

ndisasm }

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