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LTE Simulator Documentation

Release M6

Centre Tecnolgic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CT

April 29, 2013

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CONTENTS

1 Design Documentation 1

1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2 Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.3 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.4 Channel and Propagation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.5 PHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.6 HARQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

1.7 MAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

1.8 RLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

1.9 PDCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

1.10 RRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

1.11 NAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

1.12 S1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

1.13 X2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

1.14 S11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

1.15 Helpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

2 User Documentation 71

2.1 Background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2.2 Usage Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2.3 Basic simulation program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2.4 Configuration of LTE model parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

2.5 Simulation Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

2.6 Fading Trace Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

2.7 Buildings Mobility Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

2.8 PHY Error Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

2.9 MIMO Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

2.10 Use of AntennaModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

2.11 Radio Environment Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

2.12 AMC Model and CQI Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862.13 Evolved Packet Core (EPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

2.14 X2-based handover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

2.15 Examples Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

2.16 Reference scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

3 Testing Documentation 93

3.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

3.2 Description of the test suites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

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4 Profiling Documentation 109

4.1 Overview and objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

4.2 Framework description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

4.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

5 References 117

Bibliography 119

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CHAPTER

ONE

DESIGN DOCUMENTATION

1.1 Overview

An overview of the LTE-EPC simulation model is depicted in the figure Overview of the LTE-EPC simulation model.

There are two main components:

the LTE Model. This model includes the LTE Radio Protocol stack (RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC, PHY). These

entities reside entirely within the UE and the eNB nodes.

the EPC Model. This models includes core network interfaces, protocols and entities. These entities and proto-

cols reside within the SGW, PGW and MME nodes, and partially within the eNB nodes.

Figure 1.1: Overview of the LTE-EPC simulation model

1.2 Design Criteria

1.2.1 LTE Model

The LTE model has been designed to support the evaluation of the following aspects of LTE systems:

Radio Resource Management

QoS-aware Packet Scheduling

Inter-cell Interference Coordination

Dynamic Spectrum Access

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In order to model LTE systems to a level of detail that is sufficient to allow a correct evaluation of the above mentioned

aspects, the following requirements have been considered:

1. At the radio level, the granularity of the model should be at least that of the Resource Block (RB). In fact,

this is the fundamental unit being used for resource allocation. Without this minimum level of granularity, it is

not possible to model accurately packet scheduling and inter-cell-interference. The reason is that, since packet

scheduling is done on a per-RB basis, an eNB might transmit on a subset only of all the available RBs, hence

interfering with other eNBs only on those RBs where it is trasmitting. Note that this requirement rules out the

adoption of a system level simulation approach, which evaluates resource allocation only at the granularity of

call/bearer establishment.

2. The simulator should scale up to tens of eNBs and hundreds of User Equipments (UEs). This rules out the use of

a link level simulator, i.e., a simulator whose radio interface is modeled with a granularity up to the symbol level.

This is because to have a symbol level model it is necessary to implement all the PHY layer signal processing,

whose huge computational complexity severely limits simulation. In fact, link-level simulators are normally

limited to a single eNB and one or a few UEs.

3. It should be possible within the simulation to configure different cells so that they use different carrier frequen-

cies and system bandwidths. The bandwidth used by different cells should be allowed to overlap, in order to

support dynamic spectrum licensing solutions such as those described in[Ofcom2600MHz]and[RealWireless].

The calculation of interference should handle appropriately this case.4. To be more representative of the LTE standard, as well as to be as close as possible to real-world implemen-

tations, the simulator should support the MAC Scheduler API published by the FemtoForum [FFAPI]. This

interface is expected to be used by femtocell manufacturers for the implementation of scheduling and Radio

Resource Management (RRM) algorithms. By introducing support for this interface in the simulator, we make

it possible for LTE