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MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River Minho River PORTUGAL PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR) –University of Porto

MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

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Page 1: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Minho RiverMinho RiverPORTUGALPORTUGAL

Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias

Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR) –University of Porto

Page 2: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Geographical location

International river: Spain and Portugal

River spring: Spain, at “serra de Meira”, 750 m altitude.

Course: 300 km, the first 230 km in Spain. The final 70 km are the border

between Portugal and Spain.

Basin limit

Border

Page 3: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Minho River Basin: Physical caracteristics

Min. monthly discharge (August 1976): 31 260 dam3

Max. yearly discharge (January 2001): 5 673 972 dam3

Mean monthly discharge (Oct.1973-April 04): 834 615 dam3

(50 Km upstream the mouth of the river)

Catchment area (total): 17 080 km2

International sub-basin area: 1 934 km2

Catchment area in Spain: 16 250 km2

Catchment area in Portugal: 800 km2

Total surface water area: 800 km2

Estuary length: 30 Km

Temperature: 9.6ºC (Jan.) – 20.4ºC(Aug.)

Salinity: 0.1ups – 34.64 ups(Year reference: 2000)

Basin limit

Border

Page 4: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

SpainSil (1) 8000 km2

Left bankArnoya (2) 725 km2

Neyra (3) 832 km2

Tea (4) 411 km2

Right bank

Avia (5) 670 km2

Ferreira (6) 266 km2

Ladra (7) 886 km2

Támoga (8) 233 km2

Portugal Mouro (9) 141 km2

Left bankCoura (10) 268 km2

The Minho catchment's area is characterized by the existence of two main rivers, the Minho river and his main tributary, the Sil river.

The source of the Sil river is located at 1500 m of altitude in “serra de Jistreda”, in the Cantabrian Mountains. The Sil flows through 226 km, and joins Minho river at 70 km before the beginning of the

international stretch.

The Sil sub-basin covers an area of 8 000 km², i.e., about 50% of the total of Minho‘s drainage basin.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

910

NameArea of the sub-

basin

Minho River Basin: Main tributaries

Page 5: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Images

Basin limit

Border

Minho River Basin

Page 6: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Dams

Basin limit

Border

Bassin Limit

Border

Hydroelectric

Other

Out of use

Dam locations in Minho catchment area

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS

Page 7: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Dams

Basin limit

Border

Dams affecting upstream migration

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS

With fish-pass

With fish-pass for eels

No fish-pass

No information

Basin limitBorder

Page 8: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Point source pollution

Basin limit

Border

LugoUrban

Rio BarbañaIndustrial

OrenseUrban

Rio LouroIndustrial

PonferradaIndustrial and Urban

VN CerveiraIndustrial

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS

Non-point source pollution

In: Antello et al., 1998

Norton, R., 1998

Page 9: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Exotic species

Corbicula fluminea

CRUSTACEA

recentProchambarus clarkii

MOLLUSCA

recent

recentGobo gobio

recentCyprinus carpio

recentTinca tinca

recentCobitis calderoni

oldCarassius auratus

oldGambusia affinis holbrooki

oldMicropterus salmoides

oldOnchorhynchus mykiss

INTRODUCTION FISHES

Gobio gobio

Micropterus salmoides Cyprinus carpio Corbicula fluminea

Basin limit

Border

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS

Prochambarus clarkii

Page 10: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Parasite Anguillicola crassus

Basin limit

Border

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS

Page 11: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Number of fishing licences

PORTUGAL

In 1984: 1744

In 1989: 820

In 2004: 800 from which 250 were also for glass eel

Fishery data declared : 50% of the fishermen

SPAIN

Number of licences : 430

Fishery data declared : 60% of the fishermen

EEL EXPLOITATION

Photograph by Eliseo Alonso

Page 12: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Fishing gears

Glass eel fishery• Hand-held dip net -“rapeta”

• Stow net - “tela” Use of an illegal stow net called - “tela de saco”

NOT ALLOWED IN OTHER NATIONAL RIVERS

Yellow eel fishery • Fyke-nets -“nassa”

• Baited hooks

EEL EXPLOITATION

Page 13: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Fishing gear (glass eel) - “Tela”(stow net)

Length of floatline = 10 m; Depth = 8 m; Leadline = 15 m; Meshsize = 1-2 mm

EEL EXPLOITATION

Page 14: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Fishing gear (glass eel) - “Tela”(stow net)

EEL EXPLOITATION

Page 15: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Length of floatline = 14 m; Length of the bag = 10 m; Meshsize = 1-2 mm

Illegal fishing gear (glass eel) - “Tela de saco”(stow net with bag)

EEL EXPLOITATION

Page 16: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Fishing gears (yellow eel) - Fyke-nets

EEL EXPLOITATION

Page 17: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Fishing regulation

GLASS EELS

Stow net: O1 Nov. – 30 April

Hand dip net: 01 Out. – 30 April

YELLOW EELS

Fyke-net: 01 Sept.-30 Nov.

Baited hooks: All year

Length > 20 cm

EEL EXPLOITATION

Page 18: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Historical evolution of catches

OFFICIAL DATA OF GLASS EEL CATCHES FROM PORTUGAL (P) AND SPAIN (SP) IN THE MINHO RIVER (1974-2003)

The data are underestimated.

EEL EXPLOITATION

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Ton

P SP total

Page 19: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

The data are underestimated.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

Ton

OFFICIAL DATA OF YELLOW EEL CATCHES FROM PORTUGAL IN THE MINHO RIVER (1983-2003)

EEL EXPLOITATION

Historical evolution of catches

Page 20: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Area of colonization

Basin limit

Border

In: Hervella & Caballero, 1999

EEL STATUS

Page 21: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Accessible and “lost” areas

Basin limit

Border

EEL STATUS

Accessible area

1 934 km2

“Lost” area: 16 250 km2

11% of total catchment area

Page 22: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

BIOLOGICAL STUDIES

Studies Periods Organisation Locals

Experimental glass eel fishery

1981-1983; 1987-1989; 1991-1993; 2000-2001

CIIMAR; ICBAS Estuary: 18 km upstream; and river entrance

Biometric data and pigmentation stages

1981-1983; 1987-1989; 1991-1993; 2000-2001

CIIMAR; ICBAS Estuary: 18 km upstream; and river entrance

By-catch analyses1981-1983; 1991-1992;

2000-2001CIIMAR; ICBAS Estuary: 18 km upstream; and river entrance

Culture experiment of monthly captured glass

eels1988-1991 ICBAS Estuary

Abundance and distribution of yellow eels, biometric and food regime

data

1987-1989 ICBAS International Minho River

Parasites 1995-1996 ICBAS International Minho River

Glass eel and leptocephali otolith analises

1991-1993 ICBAS Estuary

Page 23: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Experimental glass eel fishery

BIOLOGICAL STUDIES

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Nov81

J82

M M Jl S N J83

M Mar00

M Jl A O D F A J A O D F

month

glass eels (g/h)

Page 24: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Biometric data and pigmentation stages

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Fev00

Mar Abr Mai Jun Jul Jul'' Ag Set Out Nov Dez Jan01

Fev Mar Abr Mai Jun Jul Ag Set Out

VA VB VIAo VIA1 VIA2 VIA3 VIA4

Average length / weight range:

6.3 cm (Jun.) and 7.4cm (Sept.) /

0.17g (Aug.) and 0.380 g (Sept.)Year : 2000

BIOLOGICAL STUDIES

In average in the season fishing:

1 Kg of glass eels = 2800 glass eels

Page 25: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

By-catch analyses

BIOLOGICAL STUDIES

Dias CS & Antunes C, 2004

Page 26: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

ANNELIDA 3 0 3 MOLLUSCA Gastropoda Patellidae Patina pellucida 1 1 1 Nassariidae Hinia reticulata 1 1 0 Bithyniidae Bithynia tentaculata Bivalvia Mytilidae Mytilus

galloprovincialis 3 1 3

Cardiidae Cerastoderma edule Cephalopoda Sepiolidae Sepiola atlantica 4 0 4 Lologinidae Loligo vulgaris 2 0 2 CRUSTACEA Thoracica Balanidae Balanus improvisus 1 0 1 Cumacea Bodotriidae Euphausiacea 5 0 5 Mysidacea # 1 species 11 7 9 # 2 species 9 5 9 Isopoda Gnathiidae Paragnathia formica 5 1 5 Cirolanidae Eurydice pulchra Sphaeromatidae Sphaeroma serratum 9 3 8 Idoteidae 7 1 7 Chaetiliidae Saduriella losadai 12 7 11 Amphipoda >1 species 15 8 10 Jassa falcata 2 0 2 Decapoda Palaemonidae Palaemon

longirostris 12 12 11

Palaemon serratus 4 0 4 Hippolytidae # 1 species 2 0 2 # 2 species 1 0 1 # 3 species 1 1 1 Crangonidae Crangon crangon 14 10 12 Scyllaridae 2 0 2 Portunidae Polybius henslowi 1 0 1

ECHINODERMATA Forcipulata Asteriidae Asterias rubens 1 0 1 PISCES Petromyzoniformes Petromyzonidae Petromyzon marinus 1 1 1 Syngnathiformes Syngnathidae Syngnathus acus 15 7 14 Nerophis

lumbriciformes 3 1 2

Clupeiformes Clupeidae Sardina pilchardus 4 0 4 Alosa alosa 1 0 1 Atheriniformes Atherinidae Atherina presbyter 16 8 15 Perciformes Gobiidae Pomatoschistus

microps 14 10 12

Aphia minuta 13 4 11 Ammodytidae Ammodytes tobianus 15 6 13 Mugilidae 15 9 14 Trachinidae Echiichthys vipera 15 8 14 Callionymidae Callionymus lyra 6 0 6 Sparidae Diplodus sargus 4 1 4 Anguilliformes Anguillidae Anguilla anguilla 5 0 5 Congridae Conger conger 5 2 4 Gadiformes Gadidae Ciliata mustela 4 0 4 Beloniformes Belonidae Belone belone 1 1 0 Scorpaeniformes Triglidae Lepidotrigla cavillone 1 0 1 Pleuronectiformes Pleuronectidae Platichthys flesus 4 0 4 Soleidae Solea vulgaris 3 0 3

BIOLOGICAL STUDIES

By-catch analyses

Dias CS & Antunes C, 2004

•Pisces – 20 species

•Crustacea – 20 taxonomic groups

•Mollusca – 7 species

•Annelida – 1 species

•Echinodermata – 1 species

Presences (nº of months) Order (Class for Mollusca)

Family Species Total nº of presences (months)

Tela (max.12)

Saco (max.15)

Presences (nº of months) Order (Class for Mollusca)

Family Species Total nº of presences (months)

Tela (max.12)

Saco (max.15)

Dias CS & Antunes C, 2004

Page 27: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Yellow eels (1988)

Electric fishery in small tributaries

2 ind./m2 – 78.6 g/m2

0,2 ind./m2 – 8.8 g/m2

Fyke-nets

4,5 eels/fyke-net/night

0,9 eels/fyke-net/night

0

5

10

15

20

25

30%

14-17 18-21 22-25 26-29 30-33 34-37 38-41 42-45 46-49 50-53 54-57 58-61 62-65 66-69 70-73 74-77 78-81 82-85

length (cm)

N=680

Basin limit

Border

BIOLOGICAL STUDIES

Page 28: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Parasites

Prevalence of Anguillicola crassus (1995/96)

87.5%

15%

BIOLOGICAL STUDIES

Basin limit

Border

Page 29: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

Glass eels and leptocephali - otolith microstructure analyses(1991 -1993)

BIOLOGICAL STUDIES

LI

LII

LIII

Antunes C & Tesch FW, 1997

Time migration from Sargasso Sea to Minho River

22 – 26 months ?

Age estimation dificulty: Difuse Zone

Page 30: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

► Management plan adapted to the new local reality:* Fishing licences number control * Fishing period* Fishing area

CONSTRAINTS ON THE EVOLUTION OF EEL STOCK

► Lost of habitat

► Absence of re-stocking programmes

► Habitat quality (?)

► Parasites (?)

Page 31: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005

WORK CARRIED OUT IN 2004/05

•monthly experimental glass eel fishery

•biometric and pigmentation stage of glass eels data were registered; environmental data monitoring

•analysis of yellow eel abundance by electric fishing in several tributaries of the Portuguese catchment area; we are waiting for permission from the

Spanish authorities to sample in up dam areas

•sediment quality analysis concerning heavy metals in Minho river estuary

•database organization using a Geographical Information System (GIS) to map the Minho river catchment area

Page 32: MINHO RIVER BASIN 1 st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005 Minho River PORTUGAL Carlos Antunes, Alfredo Oliveira, Sérgia Costa Dias Centre for Marine

MINHO RIVER BASIN1st Seminar INDICANG, Rochefort, 18/05/2005