Module 3 - Baltazar

8/12/2019 Module 3 - Baltazar

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Module 3

Bring news articles about o

country.

Showing the present situin our economy, politics a

culture


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The Civic Welfare Training Service P

as an Option of the Colegio de San J

Letran

Introduction

Where can we start? How can we begin to make an im

country? Recognizing that there are factors to consider to

community change, we have to understand the situation of

are part of.

The Philippines, just like any other country, is characte

complexity. But social scientists have devised ways on ho

understand our country through the use of a social analys

EPC. The EPC technique will YOU, as students to have an

the Philippine situation and the community where they belo


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Act iv i ty 5 - Newspaper Analysis

The Newspaper Analysis uses the EPC technique. Ne

accounts are used in an attempt to dissect issues.

By analyzing the issues discussed in newspapers usi

technique, the students can get a clearer picture of thsituation of the community.

1. Divide the class into groups of 5-10 members.

2. Each group will identify and discuss pressing and

issues, local and national.

3. Focus questions are provided in Table I to define tthe discussion.

4. Each group reports their discussion.


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ECONOMIC POLITICAL CULTURA

What effects do the issue have

on the means production,

patterns of distribution andconsumption of goods and

services?

Who makes the decisions?

Who benefits from the

decisions? Who bears thecost of the decisions?

What effe

have on

behaviors

Table I

Employment

Wages

Prices

Trade: Import and Export

Industry and Agriculture

Policies and Objectives of

the Government

Political Affairs

Organization

Relationships with Foreign

Countries

Pressure/Power Groupings

Educat

Media

Langua

Recrea

Values

Attitud

Behav

Beliefs


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Part I. An Overview of the Present Co

of the Country:

An Overview of the Philippine Ec

The Philippine economy has been restructured and

within the context of the global free trade agenda of the

in the colonial and post-colonial periods. From the ind

subsistent agriculture, agri-plantations were enforced b

crown to support the Galleon Trade and supply the dom

needs of the Spanish army and bureaucracy. This wasmodernized by the American government through the e

Agricultural-Trans National Corporations (Agri-TNCs) a

collaboration with big native landowners. TNC exploita

agricultural resources expanded to the forest and mine


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An Overview of the Philippine Economy

In the post-colonial period, the free-trade-economic restructuring continued mainly thro

installation of U.S. and free-trade-friendly Ph

governments which provide the policy enviro

favorable to such agenda, e.g., Parity RightsTrade Act, US-RP Treaty of General Relation


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In the onset of the 20thcentury market crisis in the a

economies characterized by overproduction (goods anagainst the backdrop of growing labor and citizen milita

these economies due to the deterioration of living cond

trans nationalization of production and investments ha

more aggressive to inferior economies like the Philippi

collaboration with the government and Filipino elite (bi

landowners and business, TNCs and superpowers havgranted the liberty to dump surplus products (including

are banned in their own countries); and put up dirty and

industries and other labor-intensive semi-processing in

with cheap and docile labor offered by the government

ons.


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In the process of such historical restructuring of the

economy, the agrarian problem (inequitable distributionand allocation of production resources), mass unemplo

underdevelopment of the basic production sectors or

underdevelopment in general, take roots.

As the country becomes more and more dependent investments and international financing, it becomes mo

subservient to the dictates and policy instigations of th

superpowers and super-economies. The nation and its

consistently lose sovereign powers over the country, re

and people.


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We take a look on the present condition of the country:

1. Employment Problems

The issue of unemployment can be validated and further expounded by

statistical information from the NSO, Manila (Philippine Labor Force Sur

Philippines April 01 Jan 01 Oct 00 July 0

Total

15 yrs old & over (in 000)

48,742 48.405 48,078 47,800

Labor force (in 000)

Participation Rate (%)

33,621

69.0

31,684

65.5

30,908

64.3

30,518

63.8

Employment (in 000)


29,160

66.7

28,087

66.5

27,775

69.9

27,093

66.6

Unemployment (in 000)


4,461

13.3

3,597111

.4

3,133,110

.1

3,425

11.2

Underemployment (in 000)


5,092

17.5

4,743

16.9

5,528

19.9

5,752

21.2


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Employment Problems

Sector

Total +/-

Unpaid Family

Workers

Own a

Worke

Agriculture +10.9 %

(10.9M)

27 % (3M) 49% (

Industry

+5.4 % (4.8M)

16.4 % (780T)

Service +5.0 % (14M) +28.3 %

Employment by sectoral origin and type of workers:


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Employment Problems

Of the total increase in employment, the unpaid family workworkers and wage/salary workers account for 878,000, 785,0

289,000 respectively.

Full time workers (working at least 40 hours/ week) decrease17.0 million of April 2000 to 17.1 million of April 2001. Thosefor less than 40 hours/ week increased from 9 million at last 11.3 this year.

All 14 regions posted a double-digit unemployment rate withManila posting the highest at 17.7% and Cagayan Valley the 10.3%.


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Employment Problems

The Department of Labor and Employment rec

notices of closure and retrenchment within the fimonths from 1, 314 manufacturing companies in

This is expected to cause the retrenchment of 32

workers.

The rate of employment generation cannot cop

effectively with the growth rate of the labor force

January to September 2001, 52,468 workers (roug

workers per day) were displaced resulting from c

and retrenchment.


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2. Productivity and Income Problems

In the agricultural sector where the majority of the econ

poor depends, the farmers (landless, small-medium owcultivators in the lowlands, uplands and indigenous are

consistently experience decline in productivity and inc

the spiraling cost of production and technology agains

backdrop of market price manipulated by chains of trad

are also providers of rural credit. The inferiority of the

farmers production tools and technology and their lacto land, credit, irrigation and post- harvest facilities ma

less competitive with the products of corporate farms a

of the agricultural imports.


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2. Productivity and Income Problems

Fisherfolks also experience similar decline productivity and income as they lost their tr

fishing grounds to commercial fishers whos

production tools, technology and capital are

superior. Over fishing has consistently caus

decline in fish production, particularly in muwaters. Municipal water fish production rate

a negative average of 2.9% annually from 19


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3. Natural Resources and Environment Pro

Environmental problems aggravate the

productivity and income deficiency of the

The rapid depletion of the countrys natu

resources consistently constricts the ma

agricultural producers.


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3. Natural Resources and Environment Pro

In 1575, total forest cover was 27.5 million hectares of

of the total land area with a rate of deforestation of 22,

hectares per year. In 1995, forest cover stood at 5.6 mil

hectares or about 18.6% of the total land area with a de

rate of 120, 000 hectares per year. The situation spells

and disasters that impact adversely on the ecosystem,

lands and waters. In 1994, lands classified as agricultu

stood at 13 million hectares more than half of which weto rice and corn. As consequence of deforestation, app

2.9 million hectares have been eroded. The countrys g

erosion rate stands at 2, 046 MMT/ year with grassland

agricultural lands registering the highest rates of 76%

respectively.


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4. Rising Cost of Living

Against the backdrop of spiraling cost of living, th

poverty situation and difficulties of the poor worseseries of oil price hikes in 2000 for instance, jacked

prices of other commodities. The hikes have caus

price increase for every kilowatt-hour of electricity

consumption; 9% and 6% fare increases for buses

jeepneys, respectively; 2% increase in the overall

production cost of industries; .11% and 10% increa

rice and corn household expenditures, respectivel


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5. Inaccessible Basic Social Services

More and more poor families have been incapacita

to provide the socio-cultural needs of their house

members, especially the children, youth, aged andother social dependents. From school years 1991

to 1999-2000, the national average elementary

enrollments stood at 11.4 million. On the other ha

average high school enrollment in the same perio

stood at 4.7 million. More and more children areunable to pursue higher education.


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5. Inaccessible Basic Social Services

The top notifiable diseases and causes of deaths woul

associate with poverty. From 1994-1996, topping the lireported cases of diarrhea, bronchitis, tuberculosis, pn

influenza and heart disease with combined average of

cases annually. The same cases in the same period als

the list of death causes with a combined average of 19

annually. Availability and accessibility of health servic

been problematic on account that the total number of h

the country stood at 1,794 (1999) or roughly 1 hospital

36,000 people. The total number of government doctor

2,848 (1998) or roughly 1 doctor for every 22,800 peopl


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Overview of the Philippine Poli

In the realm of politics that may be si

as the social relations of peoples (e.g

governors-governed, social leaders-

constituents, dominant-subordinate

public-corporate-civil societies, etc.)problems have been identified as:


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1. Graft and Corruption

Graft and corruption have become institutions ingovernment as they have been practiced in practlevels of government including the countrys highThey have so gross to infect and contaminate evinstitutions of learning that is supposed to mold values of the people especially the youths for goresponsible citizenship; or the military and policethat are supposed to discipline, reform or preven

in engaging in criminal acts and other anti-socialGraft & corruption have become too endemic thagovernment is losing its moral ascendancy to leaconstituents to the extent that it tends to deceivecoerce the people to submit to its rule.


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As this occur in the social relationship betwegovernors and the governed, social disorder a natural cause of unpeace or the deterioratiopeace. Other political issues like nepotism,dynastism, and vote-buying and election fraube correlated with the problem on graft & corGraft and corruption is systematic in governm

This situation is further maintained by the ineof the justice system (judicial branch) to prosand convict violators of the Anti-Corrupt Act aPractices Law.


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The same is true with the rising organized cri

as drug-trafficking, kidnap-for-ransom, robbeextortion, bribery, etc. Law enforcement has

made inutile in curbing criminality due to the

deep involvement of the some law enforcers,

officials and influential and affluent members

society. There is even strong reason to believelectoral campaigns of a number of governme

officials are mainly supported by crime monie


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2. Political Marginalization

The political marginalization of the poor is a d

phenomenon in the Philippine politics and go

The nature and composition of government is

predominantly elite in practically all branches

levels. Though there has been a continuing t

civil societys entry or collaboration within, it

yet meaningfully alter the elitist agenda of the

government. Though it allows democratic spthe people to air their grievances and social a

through consultations and legitimate street a

these could not yet effectively influence decis

social policy development.


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On the side of the people (the unorga

and even portions of the organized), of political maturity is low relative to

and informed participation in politica

Though there are other factors to con

relative to their political consciousneactions, they are crucial in the politic

equation as they are vulnerable to

manipulate in the political of the trad

and elite politicians.


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The intensification of the economic and politica

also intensifies social conflicts based on the

competition in the allocation of wealth and powMarginal farmers, lowland and upland including

indigenous peoples complete with agro-corpor

and TNCs in the access and use of land and na

resources. Marginal fisher folk complete with b

and foreign fishing companies in the exploitatioand marine resources. Urban poor communitie

against land developers, workers against empl

even gangsters and crime syndicates against e

other.


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The social crisis even intensifies the long-running anta

political conflict between the government and the arme

challengers such as the MILF and the NDF.

The electoral system and the form of government have

designed to maintain elite politics. The traditional syst

election leaves very little space for the poor to either pa

the electoral contest or meaningfully choose candidatewould prove as real champions and representatives of

At this juncture, the social action network needs to ser

evaluate whether the presidential form of government o

forms would be more responsive and facilitate to partic

politics and governance.

2 Political Marginalization


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The maintenance of elite politics and all its other negat

characters is ensured by the support and sponsorship

superpowers and super-economies that have great eco

political interest in the country or in the region. The wunorganized portion of the population, particularly the

the middle class, further ensured the maintenance of e

With a low level of political consciousness and maturit

less critical of graft and corruption in government or th

people social policy decisions and are even easily vuln

manipulations of traditional politicians and other elite g

The social exclusion of the poor in the sharing of politi

resulted in their marginalization in the distribution and

of economic resources, and vice-versa.


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OM 1A


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An Overview of the Philippine Cu

In the socio-cultural scene, the social crisis affects

continuing moral decadence and value distortions. We

these in the following social manifestations.

At one point, these could be seen as products and e

social crisis. Incidence of the anti-social activities, imm

criminality rise as more and more people lose their cap

cope with the crisis. At another point, the cultural cris

become systematic reinforcing and intensifying the ec

political crisis. The people, particularly the unorganize

tends to be more tolerant and apathetic to the situation

indifferent to the struggle for social change.

i f i i i


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The law of the jungle the fittest survives has beco

dominant social rule. It tends to build on the capacity to complete than to cooperate to survive.

In finding the major reasons of the above social rea

can identify causes at the micro and macro levels. Mic

causes would be social practices and social relations o

within an immediate environment that result either to p

negative situations or effects social facilities or difficu

member of society or community.

An Overview of the Philippine


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Macro level causes on the other hand would

policies and traditions institutionalized at the genvironment by dominant social institutions thmaintain or demolish the micro level causes ofproblematic social realities.

Pertaining to poverty as indicated unemployproductivity & income problems of the poor in rural and urban sectors and insufficient basic sservices delivery in their communities.

An Overview of the Philippine


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The marginalized sectors lack the appropriate educatio

knowledge, skills/technology to posses a competitive eemployment (salary/wages) market.

There is gross non-compliance to minimum wage law b

companies and violations of workers right to security

(due to labor contractualization practices) and right to

and collectively bargain (due to no union, no strike pol

particularly in the EPZAs).

The more enterprising poor (own account workers/info

a substantial portion in what the government conside

employed) posses inferior capital and technology in

liberalized market competition.

1. At the micro level:


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The marginalized farmers, fisherfolk and IPS do no

or meaningful access to and control of land, capitaproduction and post-production technology and ul

trade and pricing. In many cases, their productivit

income are adversely affected by aggressive deve

projects, e.g. urbanization, land use conversion

(circumventing the CARP), industrial or infrastruct

projects) that either dislocate them or further deny

the resource base. Moreover, the THC-instigated c

conversion (through agro-plantations or contract-g

and lately the introduction of bio-technology) furth

the marginal producers competitive edge in the ec

cycle.



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The productivity and income problems of the poor

aggravated more strategically (long-term sense) byconvention or chemical-based farming, destructive

abusive fishing practices, dirty and extractive indu

destroy and deplete natural and production resour

The rising cost of living (increasing prices of basiccommodities including social services) is caused b

deregulation that allows price manipulation and bu

cuts in the budget for social services.


2 At the macro level:


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The intensifying economic crisis that impoveris

Filipino majority can be attributed to theunderdevelopment of the countrys economic s

particularly agriculture and industry. Agricultu

development is hindered by agrarian problem w

direct producers do not have meaningful acces

control of lands, credit, technology and marketagainst the backdrop of a rapidly growing rura

population, incapacitates the agricultural/rural

to absorb or provide jobs resulting in excessiv

surplus.

2. At the macro level:



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The industrial sector, being underdeveloped, cann

jobs to the labor surplus. Those who migrated to

areas to look for jobs end up in slum areas doing m

livelihood activities. The growth of the urban poor

population has been rapid that comprise the bulk o

informal sector. Most being unskilled labor, they d

have the competitive edge in the employment mar

are lucky enough to be absorbed in construction i

that provide them in seasonal employment. Even academic qualification hardly find jobs and end up

export labor market. Those who cannot find overs

employment are forced to take jobs for which they

overqualified.




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Industries, unlike agriculture can provide jobs

a day continuously in any seasons. It is therefcrucial agenda in pursuing a strategic solution

unemployment problem.

Pursued based on agrarian development, natio

industrialization can increase domestic produc

well as strengthen the economys absorptive c

tap the growing labor force.




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As the economy is not able to produce machines t

produce machines, the industrial sector cannot en

value-added production of raw material agriculturaMoreover, it cannot support the modernization nee

agriculture. Thus, agricultural products (crops, mi

timber, sea and marine products) are exported to f

raw materials needs of overseas industries. On th

hand, the country imports for agricultural product

technology and capital goods (machines) and evenmaterials to run the countrys semi-processing ind

With the countrys entry into the WTO-GATT regim

agricultural and consumer products have been imp

with the effect of further marginalizing our local pr




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On one hand, the socio-political crises resulted to

crisis characterized by the distortion and erosion o

social and moral values that used to bind PhilippinOn the other hand, values created from such disto

erosion tends to reinforce rather than become a co

force to the social crisis.

The mainstream media and information technology

which are owned by corporate proponents of mark

oriented globalization have been effective channel

promoting values, lifestyles and consumption patt

favorable to the market. Movies in particular, prom

escapist culture or hero-worship that defies the po

value of unity and collective action of peoples to s

social roblems.




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The educational system, which is dominantly run by pr

investors or financed by loans, has become commerci

Such would be evidenced by the continuing tuition inc

every school year. Another would be the choice of enr

that heavily weighs in favor of courses that are more te

and closely associate with the needs of business corp

In school year 1997-1998 for instance, population for B

Administration, Mathematics and Computer Science, E

Medical and allied courses were 620,681, 166,329, 299,164,784 respectively. On the other hand, population of

which are crucially important to social and human dev

like Humanities, Social and Behavioral Science, Natura

and Agriculture, and related courses were 9,394, 34,73

and 64,760 respectively.



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Gross graft and corruption in government; the

and implementation of social policies that makdifficult the life of the poor; the practices of

corporations that destroy the environment, dis

disintegrate poor communities; or deny the bas

of workers; the involvement of law enforcers in

organized crimes would be clear evidences of tvalue distortions happening in the countrys cu

and moral landscape.




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Influenced by distorted values against the b

of massive poverty, the poor also develop th

tendency to engage and indulge in anti-sociactivities, e.g., drug abuse and trafficking,

prostitution rings, gambling syndicates and

organized crimes led by socially powerful a

influential personalities. Some others enga

petty crimes and are usually the ones beingand convicted swiftly. Drug trafficking, in p

would no longer be considered for microana

it had grown into a global trade.




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There is close correlation between increasing c

incidence and the worsening poverty situation

increases when employment opportunities becunavailable. In the U.S. for instance, crime and

acts of violence is pervasive, but no amount of

additional prisons, no amount of executions of

murderers and no amount of extra police equip

stopped crime unless the basic economic strucbreeds poverty is positively changed. It is the

cause for Rwandan commercial sex workers to

better to die of AIDS in ten years than from hun

tomorrow




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Extreme poverty beyond rationalization te

reactivate prejudices and biases that havkept in peoples sub-consciousness durin

favorable times. This can be a factor in t

increasing incidence of ethnic and religio

conflicts (as in Mindanao), resurgence ofin OCW or immigrant-receiving countries

domestic violence against children and w


f S


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Ac t iv i ty 6 Il lustrat ion of Dream Soc

Reflect on the values you want to uphold in your d

society.1. Each student will be asked to list down the valu

wants to uphold in his dream society. He will be

illustrate these values through symbols on a cle

paper.

2. Each student will compare his dream society wipresent society.

A ti i t 6 Il l t t i f D S


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Ac t iv i ty 6 Il lustrat ion of Dream Soc

3. Then, the class will be divided into small group

members to facilitate the sharing of individual o

4.A group discussion will follow with the following

questions:A.What challenges/tasks are involved in achieving your

society?

B.Do you think the CWTSP can be a means in achieving

society?

5.A designated reporter from each group will share

important points raised in small the group sharin


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Part II Comm nit Mapping


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Part II. Community Mapping

Definition of Community

There are a number of ways to think about what a c

is. The first, most obvious way is to think about it as ageographic area, a place with defined physical boundamost fundamental characteristic of these geographiccommunities is that they are places of residence. Peofamiliar with them because they live there.

Some communities are defined by individuals' sharinterests, activities, affection, or common identity. Thecharacteristics differentiate them from others.

People are usually members of a geographic as weinterest communities. The notion of geographic and inidentificational can be seen in the definitions of the wocommunity:



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Community - a group of individuals or families that share certa

values, service, institutions, interests, or geographic proximity

(Barker).

Community - or a "sense of community" exists when two or m

people work together toward the accomplishment of mutually

desirable goals (Lofguist).

Community - is a territorially bounded social system or set of

interlocking or integrated functional subsystems (economic, p

religious, ethical, educational, legal, socializing, reproductive,

serving a resident population plans the material culture or phyplant through which subsystems operate (Bernard).

Communityis an identifiable human grouping that is predom

informal in organization and interaction, heterogeneous in

composition, enduring, and sharing some characteristics or

attributes in common (M. Fernando).



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For our purpose we define a community as

number of people who share a distinct locatiointerest, activity, or other characteristics that

identifies their commodity and differentiates

those not sharing it. This common distinctio

sufficiently evident that members of the comm

able to recognize it, even though they may no

currently have this recognition. Effectively a

their recognition may lead members to more

personal and mutual development

Community Needs


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Community Needs

The needs of a community are those things a

requires to meet its goals and to sustain itself. T

routine, ongoing challenges the community must

Physical Needs - The most basic needs. This s

needs includes those that help care of our bod

as those that deal with the things we make or b

Social and Emotional Needs - Forming and ma

relationships is an integral function of the comfeeling of well-being and confidence in the futu

necessary if a community is to achieve its pote

Community Needs


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y

Political Needs - Community life requires a co

series of decisions on matters that affect its m

This process involves forming policies that m

resources and relationships. Each communit

set of political needs, and it will develop a go

or decision, making structure if it intends to r

to those needs. Governance structures usua

clearly spelled out procedures for gathering

information, making decisions, developing ru

laws, describing those rules or laws, and enfo

them. These procedures describe who is allo

participate in the process and how (Fellin).

Community Needs


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Economic Needs - The community's economic syste

provides a way for its members to develop the mean

acquire things that are important to them. Usually, t

money. Educational and Communication Needs - A commun

to know more about itself and the world in which it o

The community has to have information and method

developing, transmitting, and receiving that informa

When these needs are not adequately met and discthe members results, community problems exist. As s

are needs that have not been properly addressed. If th

the same, the problems and discomforts will persist. T

way to get rid of the problems or reduce them is for pe

things differently.

Some of the Interests in Community


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There could be various reasons for the interest in com

yet, not all of them are helpful for the community. So

shown by various agents of community interventions1. To create a support base and win votes for politicia

parties.

2. To mobilize people for some political end.

3. To improve the problem-solving capabilities and to

human resources towards better conditions of livin

4. To preserve the indigenous cultural life.

5. To provide pastoral care (caring for the needs of th

community).



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6. To remedy social problems (deviance, crime).

7. To promote the national interests (population control).

8. To develop infrastructure for multinational corporations interests

power interests (introduction of the agricultural technological pro

Multinational Corporation, demolitions, relocations, and construct

structures on the community territory).

9. To preserve the ecological and genetic or biological heritage and

technology and knowledge.

10.To implement the programs of UN and various civil groups from o

11.To test or develop theories on community as well as to provide inf

consumer behavior in the community or to determine the feasibilit

enterprises (academic).

Our interest in community is to intervene in com


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y

toward its sustainable development and it means

1.To help the community identify its actual needs

from the felt needs.

2.To improve its capabilities to solve its problem

3.To improve the human resources and potential

natural resources toward the improvement of c

and quality of life in the community. This invollocalization of the benefits of science and techn

affecting social integration, social organization

production, political participation of the people

peoples control over economic processes.

Work sheet No 2


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Work sheet No. 2

Answer the following questions (yellow pa

1. In the present situation of the country, dthink there is still hope for the Filipinos?

your answer.

2. Identify five (5) pressing problems the c

facing at present and make proposals to

the identified problems.

Documents

Module 3 - Baltazar