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    Medicine& Science in Sports & Exercise: Volume 30(8) August 1998 pp 1304-1313

    The validity of the lactate minimum test for determination of the maximal lactate steadystate

    JONES, ANDREW M.; DOUST, JONATHAN H.

    Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Crewe and Alsager Faculty, The Manchester Metropolitan University, Alsager, ST7 2HL, UNITED KINGDOM; Department ofSport and Exercise Sciences, Chelsea School Research Centre, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, BN20 7SP, UNITED KINGDOM

    Submitted for publication July 1996.

    Accepted for publication September 1997.

    Address for correspondence: Andrew M. Jones, Ph.D., Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Crewe and Alsager Faculty, The Manchester Metropolitan University,Hassall Road, Alsager, ST7 2HL, United Kingdom.

    ABSTRACT TOPThe validity of the lactate minimum test for determination of the maximal lactate steadystate. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.,Vol. 30, No. 8, pp. 1304-1313, 1998.

    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the lactate minimum

    test([Lac-]BMIN) in the determination of the velocity at the maximal lactate steady state

    (V-MLSS), and to identify those physiological factors most closely associated with 8-kmrunning performance.

    Methods:Thirteen trained male runners (VO2maxrange 53-67 mLkg-1min-1) took part in

    an 8-km simulated race on flat roads and completed a comprehensive battery oflaboratory tests.

    Results:Performance velocity was most strongly correlated with the estimated runningvelocity at VO2max(r = 0.93) and with V-MLSS (r = 0.92) and velocity at lactate threshold

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    Article Outline

    ABSTRACT METHODS

    Subjects

    Experimental Methods

    Specific Methods

    Statistical Analysis

    RESULTS DISCUSSION REFERENCES Citing Articles

    Figures/Tables

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    P i 5 d 23M di i & S i i S t & E i F llt t V l 30(8) A t 1998 1304 1313 Th lidit f th l t t i i

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    Test 2: Constant-velocity tests for determination of the V-MLSS.Subjects performed five constant-velocity treadmill runs of 30 min duration for thedetermination of individual V-MLSS (Fig. 2a). Running velocities were selected according to the ability of the subject but were found to span approximately 65-

    90% of individual VO2max

    . These runs varied in velocity by 0.5 kmh-1and were presented in random order on separate days. The [Lac-]B

    was determined at

    Figure 1-Determination of blood lactate minimum velocity in a typical subject.

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    rest and every 5 min throughout the runs until 30 min had elapsed or exhaustion was reached. Expired air was collected in a Douglas bag over the final minutepreceding blood sampling (i.e., minutes 4-5, 9-10, 14-15, 19-20, 24-25, and 29-30) for determination of VO

    2. The mean HR over the final 30 s preceding blood

    sampling was recorded. The V-MLSS was defined as the highest velocity at which [Lac-]Bdid not increase by more than 1.0 mM between minutes 10 and 30 of

    the constant velocity runs (6,21,49). Two subjects sustained minor injuries, and one subject chose to withdraw from the study before this test, so V-MLSS was

    only determined in 10 subjects.

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    The relationship between the measured physiological variables and 8-km race performance was examined using Pearson Product Moment correlationcoefficients. A repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoctests was used for pairwise comparisons. The 5% level was chosen a priorito representstatistical significance. Data are presented as mean SEM unless otherwise indicated.

    RESULTS TOPMean SD VO

    2maxdetermined from test 3 was 60.7 4.0 mLkg-1min-1. Nine subjects exhibited a plateau in VO

    2with increasing work intensity, and for all

    subjects RER exceeded 1.10 at exhaustion. Mean SD HRmax

    was 193 7 beatsmin-1.

    The relationship of V-[Lac-]BMIN to V-MLSS and other measures of blood lactate accumulation during submaximal exercise. Comparisons were

    made between the V-[Lac-]BMIN(test 1) and the V-MLSS (test 2), V-T

    lac, V-T

    vent, and V-OBLA (test 3).

    The V-[Lac-]BMIN, V-MLSS, V-T

    lac, V-T

    vent, and V-OBLA could be determined in 100, 100, 85, 100, and 69% of subjects, respectively (Table 1). The V-[Lac-]

    BMIN(14.9 0.2 kmh-1) was not significantly different from V-T

    lac(15.1 0.3 kmh-1) or V-T

    vent(14.9 0.3 kmh-1), but was significantly lower than V-OBLA(16.1

    0.2 kmh-1) and V-MLSS (15.7 0.3 kmh-1)(P< 0.05) (Fig. 3). The V-MLSS was not significantly different from V-Tlac(Fig. 4), V-Tvent, or V-OBLA. The V-Tlac

    was not significantly different from the V-Tvent

    . The correlations between [Lac-]B

    MIN and other laboratory measures of submaximal and maximal physiological

    function are shown in Table 2. The correlation between V-MLSS and V-[Lac-]BMIN(r = 0.61; Fig. 2) was weaker than the correlations between V-MLSS and V-Tlac

    (r = 0.94; Fig. 4), V-Tvent(r = 0.77), and V-OBLA (r = 0.93).

    g a 9 3& S Sp & : V 30(8) g 998 p 30 3 3 va y a a ...

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    TABLE 1. Individual values for running velocity during the 8-km performance trial and at a number of physiological measures.

    gp ( ) g p y

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    Figure 3-The relationship between the running velocity at lactate minimum and the maximal lactate steady state.

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    Heart rate at [Lac-]B

    MIN(173 3 beatsmin-1) was not significantly different from HR at Tlac

    (170 4 beatsmin-1) or HR at MLSS (176 4 beatsmin-1) but was

    significantly lower than HR at OBLA (181 4 beatsmin-1) (P< 0.05) and significantly higher than HR at Tvent(168 2 beatsmin-1)(P< 0.05). Heart rate at Tlac

    was not significantly different from HR at Tvent

    . The [Lac-]B

    at [Lac-]B

    MIN(4.5 0.3 mM) was not significantly different from [Lac-]B

    at MLSS (4.4 0.4 mM), but

    both were significantly higher than [Lac-]Bat T

    lac(2.5 0.2 mM) (P< 0.05).

    Physiological correlates to 8-km running performance.The relationship between 8-km running performance (test 5) and various maximal and submaximal

    physiological variables was investigated. Submaximal measures examined included V-[Lac-]B

    MIN(test 1), V-MLSS (test 2), and V-Tlac

    , V-Tvent

    , and V-OBLA

    (test 3). Maximal measures included VO2max

    and the estimated velocity at VO2max

    (V-VO2max

    ) (test 3) and maximal velocity (Vmax

    ) (test 4).

    Table 1shows individual values for some of the physiological measures made and for 8-km performance. The mean running velocity for the 8-km run (16.0 0.3

    kmh-1) was not significantly different from V-OBLA or V-MLSS but was significantly higher than [Lac-]BMIN, V-T

    lac, and V-T

    vent(P< 0.05) and significantly lower

    than V-VO2max

    (18.1 0.4 kmh-1) and Vmax

    (19.0 0.3 kmh-1) (P< 0.05). The Vmaxwas significantly higher than the V-VO2max(P< 0.05). The strongest

    correlations with 8-km performance were found with V-VO2max

    (r = 0.93; N= 13; Fig. 5), V-MLSS (r = 0.92; N= 10; Fig. 6), and V-Tlac(r = 0.93; N= 11).

    Variables that were less strongly correlated included VO2max

    (r = 0.69; N= 13), Vmax

    (r = 0.82; N= 13), V-[Lac-]BMIN (r = 0.83;N= 13), V-T

    vent(r = 0.81; N=

    13), and V-OBLA (r= 0.81; N= 9).

    Figure 4-The relationship between the running velocity at lactate threshold and the maximal lactate steady state.

    TABLE 2. Inter-relationships between some laboratory measures of lactate accumulation during submaximal exercise.

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    Figure 5-The relationship between 8-km performance velocity and the estimated running velocity at VO2max

    (V-VO2max

    ).

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    DISCUSSION TOP

    Figure 6-The relationship between 8-km performance velocity and the running velocity at the maximal lactate steady state.

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    determination of lactate threshold, fixed blood lactate concentrations and VO2max. Int. J. Sports Med.11(1):26-32, 1990.

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    56. Whipp, B. J. The slow component of O2uptake kinetics during heavy exercise Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.26(11):1319-1326, 1994.

    [Context Link]

    57. Williams, J. R., N. Armstrong, and B. J. Kirby. The influence of the site of sampling and assay medium upon the measurement and interpretation of bloodlactate responses to exercise. J. Sports Sci.10:95-107, 1992.[Medline Link] [Context Link]

    58. Willis, W. T., and M. R. Jackman. Mitochondrial function during heavy exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.26(11):1347-1354, 1994.[Medline Link] [Context Link]

    59. Yamamoto, Y., M. Miyashita, R. L. Hughson, S-I. Tamura, M. Shinohara, and Y. Mutoh. The ventilatory threshold gives maximal lactate steady state. Eur. J.Appl. Physiol.63:55-59, 1991.[Medline Link] [CrossRef] [Context Link]

    60. Yeh, M. P., R. M. Gardner, T. D. Adams, F. G. Yanowitz, and R. O. Crapo. "Anaerobic threshold": problems of determination and validation. J. Appl. Physiol.55(4):1178-1186, 1983.[Context Link]

    61. Yoshida, T., M. Chida, M. Ichioka, and Y. Suda. Blood lactate parameters related to aerobic capacity and endurance performance.Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.56:7-11, 1987.[Medline Link] [CrossRef] [Context Link]

    Keywords:

    ENDURANCE RUNNING PERFORMANCE; BLOOD LACTATE; LACTATE MINIMUM; LACTATE THRESHOLD; MAXIMAL STEADY STATE

    Williams & Wilkins 1998. All Rights Reserved.

    Citing Articles TOPEffect of incremental test protocol on the lactate minimum speed.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 31(6):837-845, June 1999.CARTER, HELEN; JONES, ANDREW M.; DOUST, JONATHAN H.[Abstract] [Fulltext]

    Copyright 2005, American College of Sports Medicine. All rights reserved.Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Copyright/Disclaimer Notice Privacy Policy

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