Prof. Alexandre Barbosa da Silva

John wrote the letter.

Consideremos a frase seguinte na voz ativa (active voice):

( John escreveu a carta.)

S VC

Para convertê-la na voz passiva (passive voice), siga as quatro etapas seguintes:

(a) o objeto direto the letter na voz ativa passa a ser o sujeito na voz passiva;

(b) o verbo auxiliar be (no mesmo tempo em que se encontra o verbo wrote ) é adicionado na voz passiva;(c) o verbo wrote na voz ativa vai para o particípio passado na voz passiva;

(d) o sujeito John na voz ativa vai para a voz passiva como agente da voz passiva precedido pela preposição by .

The letter was written by John.

(A carta foi escrita por John.)

Mais exemplos:

They sell flowers. Flowers are sold (by them) (1).

Eles vendem flores.Flores são Vendidas.ouVendem-se (2) flores.

Peter made an offer.An offer was made by Peter.

Peter fez uma oferta.Uma oferta foi feita por Peter.

The shop will deliver the parcel.The parcel will be delivered by the shop.

A loja entregará o embrulho.O embrulho será entregue pela loja.

(1) como se desconhece o agente da ação they, a expressão by them é aqui irrelevante e poderia ser removida.

(2) em português, o verbo reflexivo é por vezes empregue em vez da voz passiva.

Consideremos a frase seguinte na voz passiva (passive voice):

The letter was written by John. (A carta foi escrita por John.)

Para convertê-la para a voz ativa (active voice), siga as três etapas seguintes:(a) O agente John da ação written na voz passiva passa a ser o sujeito na voz ativa;

(b) O verbo principal written (no particípio passado na voz passiva) vai para o mesmo tempo em que o verbo auxiliar be se encontra;

(c) O sujeito the letter na voz passiva passa a ser o objeto direto na voz ativa.

John wrote the letter. (John escreveu a carta.)

Mais exemplos:

Books are sold.They (1) sell books.

Vendem-se livros / Livros são vendidos.Eles vendem livros.

She was arrested yesterday by the police.The police arrested her yesterday.

Ela foi presa ontem pela polícia.A polícia prendeu-a ontem.

The car has been stolen.Somebody (2) has stolen the car.

O carro foi roubado.Alguém roubou o carro.

The problem is going to be solved by Jane.Jane is going to solve the problem.

O problema vai ser resolvido por Jane.Jane vai resolver o problema.

Entende-se que:

(1) o pessoal da livraria(2) o ladrão

A voz passiva (passive voice) forma-se da seguinte maneira:

Verb To be + Verb (Past Participle)

Onde BE = verbo auxiliar (ser/estar)e PAST PARTICIPLE = verbo principal no particípio passado (pp)

Exemplos:

Present Simple am/is/are + (pp) Books are sold here.

Present Continuous am/is/are being + (pp) The car is being repaired.

Present Perfect Tense has/have been + (pp) The car has been stolen.

Past Simple was/were + (pp) She was arrested yesterday.

Past Continuous was/were being + (pp) The car was being repaired.

Past Perfect Tense had been + (pp) The car had been stolen

Future Simple will be + (pp) The parcel will be delivered.

Future Perfect Tense will have been + (pp) All the documents will have beensigned by Friday.

Future going to am/is/are going to be + (pp) The problem is going to be solved.

Modals (present) can/may/etc. be + (pp) The exercise can be done.

Modals (past) could/might/etc. have been + (pp) He could have been killed.

Infinitive to be + (pp) The job needs to be done.

Os tempos verbais seguintes são raramente empregues na voz passiva devido à falta de boa sonância:

Present Perfect ContinuousPast Perfect ContinuousFuture ContinuousFuture Perfect Continuous

has/have been being + (pp)had been being + (pp)will be being + (pp)will have been being + (pp)

… Continuação

Consideremos as duas frases seguintes com dois objetos: direto e indireto na voz ativa (active voice).

John gave me a book. (João deu-me um livro.)

Onde:John = sujeitogave = passado do verbo giveme = complemento (objeto indireto)a book = complemento (objeto direto)

John gave a book to me.John = sujeitogave = passado do verbo givea book = complemento (objeto direto)to = preposiçãome = complemento (objeto indireto)

(João deu um livro a mim.)

Para converter qualquer uma das frases anteriores em voz passiva (passive voice), há duas formas de se fazer:

(a) Objeto indireto me como sujeito (I) :

I was given a book (by John).

(b) Objeto direto a book como sujeito:

A book was given to me (by John).

OBS.: A forma (a) é normalmente a mais comum entre as duas.

Tense Subject Verb Object

Simple PresentActive: Rita writes a letter.

Passive: A letter is written by Rita.

Simple PastActive: Rita wrote a letter.

Passive: A letter was written by Rita.

Simple Future

Active: Rita will write a letter.

Passive: A letter will be written by Rita.

Present ContinuousActive: Rita is writing a letter.

Passive: A letter is being written by Rita.

Past ContinuousActive: Rita was writing a letter.

Passive: A letter was being written by Rita.

ModalActive: Rita can write a letter.

Passive: A letter can be written by Rita.

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive

Tense Subject Verb Object

Present PerfectActive: Rita has written a letter.

Passive: A letter has been written by Rita.

Past PerfectActive: Rita had written a letter.

Passive: A letter had been written by Rita.

Future Perfect

Active: Rita will have written a letter.

Passive: A letter will have been written by Rita.

ConditionalActive: Rita would write a letter.

Passive: A letter would be written by Rita.

Conditional PerfectActive: Rita would have written a letter.

Passive: A letter would have been written by Rita.

Modal IIActive: Rita must write a letter.

Passive: A letter must be written by Rita.

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive

Passive Sentences with Two Objects

 Voice Subject Verb Object 1 Object 2

Active: Rita wrote a letter to me.

Passive: A letter was written to me by Rita.

Passive: I was written a letter by Rita.

Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

1. John collects money. 2. Anna opened the window. 3. We have done our homework. 4. I will ask a question. 5. He can cut out the picture. 6. The sheep ate a lot. 7. We do not clean our rooms. 8. William will not repair the car. 9. Did Sue draw this circle?

10. Could you feed the dog?

Money is collected by John.The window was opened by Anna.

Our homework has been done by us.A question will be asked by me.

The picture can be cut out by him.A lot was eaten by the sheep.

Our rooms are not cleaned by us.The car will not be repaired by William.

Was this circle drawn by Sue?Could the dog be fed by you?

Simple PresentSimple Past

Present PerfectSimple Future

ModalSimple Past

Simple PresentSimple Future

Simple PastModal