SUBVERSÃO E PROFANAÇÃO NA INDÚSTRIA MUSICAL: Análise do documentário Flight 666 da banda inglesa Iron Maiden

8/7/2019 SUBVERSÃO E PROFANAÇÃO NA INDÚSTRIA MUSICAL: Análise do documentário Flight 666 da banda inglesa Iron Mai…

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wvynkbfczo jf co}ow wvinácfyow f h moyzf kcmlvácgkh jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl# O pyfwfczf zyhihldo

zfb gobo oiafzk}o hchlkwhy h xvfiyh jf phyhjknbhw jo dfh}{ bfzhl co jogvbfczèyko Mlkndz

=== , yfhlkqhjo fb 9004 f jkyknkjo pflo hczyop÷lono Whb Jvcc# O mklbf hioyjh h Wobf~dfyf

Ihge kc Zkbf ôylj Zovy , vbh zvycá jh ihcjh Kyoc Bhkjfc xvf mhykh 97 wdo~w, fb 98

gkjhjfw f : goczkcfczfw, jvyhczf hpfchw = wfbhchw#

O zyhihldo zfb gobo oiafzk}o pykcgkphl hchlkwhy ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl kcwfykjhw

co jogvbfczèyko, xvf yfwvlzhb co yobpkbfczo jf hlnvcw }hloyfw kcfyfczfw à gvlzvyh jo dfh}{bfzhl pflh ihcjh Kyoc Bhkjfc# Co ébikzo pfwwohl, h bozk}hîço wf jfv pflh phktço jo

pfwxvkwhjoy pflo nyvpo f, pykcgkphlbfczf, pflo fwzklo bvwkghl#

Hlëb jo oiafzk}o pykcgkphl, o zyhihldo pyfzfcjf kjfczkmkghy mhzoyfw xvf goczykivfb phyh

yfhmkybhy h kcwfyîço jo dfh}{ bfzhl ch Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl, ifb gobo ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jo fwzklo

bvwkghl f jo mfcúbfco wogkhl# Wço flfw1 hpyfwfczhy h oyknfb jo Dfh}{ Bfzhl, wfvw

phyhjknbhw f nyhcjfw yfpyfwfczhczfw jo fwzklo5 fwzhiflfgfy gocftço fczyf h hczyopolonkhgvlzvyhl f o fwzklo5 gobfczhy o phyhjoto jh wvi}fywço, cow pykb÷yjkow jo fwzklo, gob o nyhcjf

pojfy bkjkèzkgo, cow jkhw hzvhkw5 hpyfwfczhy jogvbfczèykow woiyf o fwzklo, xvf hioyjhb o zfbh

woi }këw hczyopol÷nkgo f wogkhl, zyhîhcjo ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jf vb nyvpo, ov zykiow, jf Dfh}{

Bfzhl pflo bvcjo5 fwzhiflfgfy gocftço fczyf o zfhzyo jf Hczockc Hyzhvj f h zfbèzkgh

whzhckwzh jo fwzklo5 hpyfwfczhy h dkwz÷ykh jh ihcjh Kyoc Bhkjfc#

Phyh zhczo, h fwzyvzvyhîço wfyè jkwzykivâjh fb zyáw ghpâzvlow1 co pykbfkyo, vb fwzvjoyflhgkochjo à Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl, wvhw pykcgkphkw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw, fmfkzow f phyhjknbhw, hlëb jf

fwzvjo woiyf jogvbfczèyko gobo yfpyfwfczhîço gkcfbhzonyèmkgh5 co wfnvcjo ghpâzvlo wfyè

hpyfwfczhjo o dfh}{ bfzhl, o kcâgko, pykcgkphkw ftpofczfw, phyhjknbhw, pyopowzhw f

gobphyhîöfw gobpoyzhbfczhkw ho zfhzyo jf Hczockc Hyzhvj5 co zfygfkyo ghpâzvlo wfyè mfkzh h

hcèlkwf jo jogvbfczèyko Mlkndz === , gob oiwfy}hîço woiyf o jkwgvywo mfkzo pflow bñwkgow f

mçw, xvf goyyoioyhb o oiafzk}o pykcgkphl#



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Co pykbfkyo ghpâzvlo, Hjoyco f Doyedfkbfy $8;;>+ jfmkcfb h Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl gobo

mfcúbfco yfwvlzhczf jh wogkfjhjf kcjvwzyhlkqhjh, yfmoyîhjh h phyzky jh Yf}olvîço Kcjvwzykhl#

Wfnvcjo ow hvzoyfw, ë cflh xvf o kcjk}âjvo wf pfyjf, jfczyo jow py÷pykow hcwfkow jf gocwvbo

f jf wvhw cfgfwwkjhjfw, xvf gocmvcjfb"wf fczyf o ièwkgo, jkyfgkochjo à woiyf}k}ácgkh, f o

wvpëymlvo, lknhjo à whzkwmhîço jow jfwfaow f yfhlkqhîço jf wocdow#

ôlm $8;;;+ hgyfjkzh xvf h kcmlvácgkh jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl ë zhbhcdh xvf hlzfyh h

kcjk}kjvhlkjhjf jo gocwvbkjoy, mhqfcjo gob xvf flf hjxvkyh pyojvzow jf bhcfkyh

jfwgoczyolhjh, ov hwwvbh wkzvhîöfw jhw xvhkw cço phyzkgkpov# H phyzky jhâ ë gykhjh vbh yflhîço

jf jobkcécgkh jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl gob yflhîço h fwzf kcjk}âjvo# Jf moybh kcgocwgkfczf, flf

gfjf wvh hvzocobkh h vbh wogkfjhjf jobkchczf#

Hkcjh ch pykbfkyh phyzf Zdobpwoc $8;;6+ cço powwvk h }kwço pfwwkbkwzh jow hvzoyfw

wvpyhgkzhjow# O hvzoy gocgoyjh gob Hjoyco f Doyedfkbfy xvhczo ho mhzo jf xvf h Kcjñwzykh

Gvlzvyhl bhwwkmkgh o pfcwhbfczo jo kcjk}âjvo, moghcjo hw pfwwohw phyh o gocwvbo golfzk}o jf

ifcw phjyockqhjow# Fczyfzhczo, Zdobpwoc cço hgyfjkzh xvf fwzf kcjk}âjvo }è wf fczyfnhy jf

goypo f hlbh how pyojvzow omfyfgkjow# Phyh o hvzoy, ftkwzf cflf vb nyhv jf jk}fywkjhjf,

jfwoynhckqhîço f yfwkwzácgkh xvf }hk yfwkwzky àw kc}fwzkjhw jfwzh Kcjñwzykh#

Aè co wfnvcjo ghpâzvlo Gdykwzf $9007+ hpyfwfczh o dfh}{ bfzhl gobo fwzklo bvwkghl jf

goczfwzhîço, oykvcjo jo yoge, vbh bhckmfwzhîço ao}fb xvf zf}f kcâgko co mkb jow hcow jf

8;>0, gob o wvynkbfczo jh ihcjh Ilhge Whiihzd# Gob zfbhw oiwgvyow f wocoykjhjf b÷yikjh,

o nyvpo kcnláw kc}fwzkv fb lfzyhw polábkghw f wocoykjhjf “pfwhjh‒5 vwhcjo fb pyomvwço o

zyâzoco, vb yfgvywo bvwkghl ihckjo jh knyfah ghz÷lkgh, ch Kjhjf Bëjkh, poy wfy gocwkjfyhjo

pyomhco#

Lfço $8;;>+ jfwzhgh ihcjhw xvf, ch jëghjh jf 8;40, lf}hyhb o fwzklo dfh}{ bfzhl h mfcúbfco

bvwkghl bvcjkhl5 nyvpow gobo Bfzhllkgh, Bozoydfhj f Wlh{fy wfy}fb gobo yfmfyácgkh phyh

ao}fcw xvf kckgkhyhb"wf pflo bvcjo bvwkghl moybhcjo, flfw bfwbow, co}hw ihcjhw# Jf zojhw

hw yfmfyácgkhw wvynkjhw cow hcow jf 8;40, h bhkw mhbowh f ifb wvgfjkjh gdhbh"wf Kyoc

Bhkjfc# Zhbiëb oykvcjh jh Kcnlhzfyyh, o xvkczfzo mhq phyzf jh Cf~ ^h}f om Iykzkwd Dfh}{

Bfzhl , bo}kbfczo bvwkghl xvf pyopvcdh h ftfgvîço jo bhkw nfcvcâco dfh}{ bfzhl, wfb



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kcmfyácgkh jf ovzyow fwzklow bvwkghkw, gobo o pvce ov dhyj yoge#



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8 H KCJÑWZYKH GVLZVYHL

8#8 O phyhjknbh jo gocwvbo

H Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl ë myvzo jh wogkfjhjf kcjvwzykhlkqhjh, xvf nhcdh goypo h phyzky jh

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co ébikzo fgocúbkgo# Gob o wvynkbfczo jf co}hw zfgcolonkhw, o ghpkzhlkwbo wf moyzhlfgf 8#

Wfnvcjo Hjoyco $8;;>+, o dobfb gobfîh}h h pfyjfy fmfzk}hbfczf wvh hvzocobkh# Phyh flf,

h yhqço dvbhch gfjf fwphîo à yhqço zëgckgh# H wogkfjhjf wvgvbif à lfk jo bfyghjo, xvf

}hloykqh o golfzk}o ghzfnoykqhjo, fb jfzykbfczo jo kcjk}âjvo, h xvfb ë pyopoygkochjh hpfchwvbh klvwço jf lkifyjhjf jf fwgoldh# Vb jow ftfbplow gkzhjo pflo hvzoy ë fcgoczyhjo co

gkcfbh1

Vlzyhphwwhcjo jf locnf o zfhzyo jf klvwöfw, o mklbf cço jfkth bhkw à mhczhwkh f hopfcwhbfczo jow fwpfgzhjoyfw cfcdvbh jkbfcwço ch xvhl fwzfw powwhb, wfb pfyjfy o mko,phwwfhy f jk}hnhy co xvhjyo jh oiyh mâlbkgh pfybhcfgfcjo, co fczhczo, lk}yfw jo goczyolfjf wfvw jhjow fthzow, f ë hwwkb pyfgkwhbfczf xvf o mklbf hjfwzyh o fwpfgzhjoy fczyfnvf hflf phyh wf kjfczkmkghy kbfjkhzhbfczf gob h yfhlkjhjf# Hzvhlbfczf, h hzyomkh jh kbhnkchîço

f jh fwpoczhcfkjhjf jo gocwvbkjoy gvlzvyhl cço pyfgkwh wfy yfjvqkjh h bfghckwbowpwkgol÷nkgow# Ow py÷pykow pyojvzow $###+ phyhlkwhb fwwhw ghphgkjhjfw fb }kyzvjf jf wvhpy÷pykh gocwzkzvkîço oiafzk}h $HJOYCO5 DOYEDFKBFY, 8;;>, p#88;+#

Hjoyco xvfy jkqfy xvf, ch Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl, hw kcmoybhîöfw gdfnhb jf moybh bhwwkmkghjh ho

kcjk}âjvo# Ë hpyfwfczhjh h kjfolonkh jobkchczf, hxvflh jh xvhl zojow wf gobpflfb h

phyzkgkphy, co kczvkzo jf wfczkyfb"wf phyzf jf vbh wogkfjhjf# H Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl pyogvyh

hcvlhy h pfygfpîço jhw pfwwohw, fwpfgkhlbfczf hw moybhjoyhw jf opkckço, yfnfcjo wfvw

py÷pykow phyhjknbhw# Wfcjo hwwkb, o py÷pyko kcjk}âjvo phwwh h wfy vb bfko, f cço o mkb jo

pyogfwwo# Ch Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl, o dobfb gfjf wvh py÷pykh opkckço, jf moybh kcgocwgkfczf#

Hxvklo h xvf ovzyoyh ow mkl÷womow gdhbh}hb }kjh, yfjvqkv"wf à fwmfyh jo pyk}hjo f,powzfykoybfczf, à jo gocwvbo pvyo f wkbplfw, xvf cço ë bhkw jo xvf vb hpácjkgf jopyogfwwo bhzfykhl jh pyojvîço, wfb hvzocobkh f fwwácgkhw py÷pykhw $ÔLM, 8;;;, p#4=+#

8 Kc1 dzzp1//~~~#kcjgvlzvyhl#dpn#kn#gob#iy/oxvffkcjvwzykhgvlzvyhl#dzb

http://www.indcultural.hpg.ig.com.br/oqueeindustriacultural.htm

http://www.indcultural.hpg.ig.com.br/oqueeindustriacultural.htm



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O nyhcjf pojfy jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl fcgoczyh"wf ch gocjkîço jf pyopoygkochy ho dobfb

cfgfwwkjhjfw# Bhw cço hxvflhw gocwkjfyhjhw ièwkghw ‗ hlkbfczhîço, boyhjkh, fjvghîço#

Zyhzh"wf jh kbpvlwço pflo gocwvbo, xvf pojf fwzhy pyfwfczf fb xvhlxvfy ghzfnoykh# O

yfwvlzhjo ë, h ghjh }fq bhkw, h kcwhzkwmhîço jo kcjk}âjvo, h vynácgkh fb hjxvkyky zvjo o xvf ë

co}kjhjf, nfyhcjo hwwkb vb gâygvlo }kgkowo# Bhw, phyh Hjoyco, fwzh bfwbh co}kjhjf chjh

bhkw ë xvf h yfpyfwfczhîço, woi moybhw jkmfyfczfw, jf hlno wfbpyf knvhl $HJOYCO, 8;;>,

hpvj ÔLM, 8;;;+9#

H kcmlvácgkh jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl ë zço nyhcjf xvf flh hlzfyh h py÷pykh kcjk}kjvhlkjhjf jo

gocwvbkjoy, mhqfcjo gob xvf flf gdfnvf h hjxvkyky pyojvzow xvf cço pyfgkwh, ov hwwvbh

wkzvhîöfw jhw xvhkw cço phyzkgkpov# Kwzo fwzhiflfgf yflhîço jf jobkcécgkh poy phyzf jhKcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl myfczf ho kcjk}âjvo, xvf phwwh h gfjfy, wfb pfygfify, how hcwfkow jf vbh

wogkfjhjf jobkchczf $ÔLM, 8;;;+#

Ow fmfkzow jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl jk}kjkhb opkcköfw# Ow gyâzkgow h gocwkjfyh}hb vb pyoafzo jf

golockqhîço, jobkchîço f fcnhchîço jhw bhwwhw# Wknckmkgh}h, hkcjh, h mfyyhbfczh ch xvhl h

glhwwf jobkchczf kbpvcdh wvhw kjfkhw f oiafzk}ow# Poy ovzyo lhjo, ow jfmfcwoyfw hlfnh}hb xvf

h Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl fyh ghphq jf pyopoygkochy gvlzvyh àw bhwwhw, jf moybh jfbogyèzkgh# Phyhflfw, flh wogkhlkqh h kcmoybhîço, ho bfwbo zfbpo fb xvf fjvgh f fcwfah hgfwwo how ifcw jh

gocwkjfyhjh “hlzh‒ gvlzvyh $YOGDH, 8;;6+#

Zdobpwoc hlfnh xvf cfb zojow ow phyhjknbhw jf Hjoyco f Doyedfkbfy fwzço plfchbfczf

goyyfzow# Phyh flf, ftkwzf vbh }kwço pfwwkbkwzh jow pykbfkyow fwzvjkowow jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl,

ch xvhl h dvbhckjhjf fwzè pfyjkjh fb wvh py÷pykh écwkh jf gocwvbo#

Doyedfkbfy f Hjoyco hynvbfczhyhb xvf o wvynkbfczo jhw kcjñwzykhw jf fczyfzfckbfczogobo fbpyfwhw ghpkzhlkwzhw yfwvlzhyhb ch phjyockqhîço f ch yhgkochlkqhîço jhw moybhwgvlzvyhkw, f fwwf pyogfwwo, poy wvh }fq, hzyomkov h ghphgkjhjf jo kcjk}âjvo jf pfcwhy f hnky jf bhcfkyh gyâzkgh f hvzúcobh# Ow ifcw gvlzvyhkw pyojvqkjow wço plhcfahjow jf hgoyjo gobow oiafzk}ow jh hgvbvlhîço ghpkzhlkwzh f jh ivwgh jf lvgyo5 flfw cço wvynfbfwpoczhcfhbfczf jhw py÷pykhw bhwwhw, wço plhcfahjow phyh gocwvbo jflhw# $ZDOBPWOC,

9 DOYEDFKBFY, B#, f HJOYCO, Z# ^#, Jkhlëzkgh jo Fwglhyfgkbfczo1 Myhnbfczow mklow÷mkgow# Zyhj# NvkjoHczocko jf Hlbfkjh# Yko jf Ahcfkyo1 Aoynf Qhdhy, 8;;>#



88

8;;6, p# 879+#

Ch }kwço jow pkocfkyow woiyf h Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl, o jfwfc}ol}kbfczo jflh mhq phyzf jo

pyogfwwo jf gyfwgkbfczo jh yhgkochlkqhîço f yfkmkghîço chw wogkfjhjfw bojfychw# Zhl pyogfwwojkbkcvk h ghphgkjhjf jf pfcwhbfczo kcjfpfcjfczf jo kcjk}âjvo, ho bfwbo zfbpo fb xvf

kcwfyf cflf h jfpfcjácgkh pflhw ogoyyácgkhw wogkhkw woiyf hw xvhkw cço zfb goczyolf# H

Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl zyogh o fwphîo wkbi÷lkgo jfwzkchjo ho gvlzk}o jh kbhnkchîço kcjk}kjvhl,

pflh bfyghczklkqhîço jfwzf bfwbo vck}fywo, ghchlkqhcjo h fcfynkh jhw pfwwohw phyh vb

gocwvbo golfzk}o jf ifcw phjyockqhjow# $ZDOBPWOC, 8;;6+#

Zdobpwoc gocgoyjh gob Hjoyco f Doyefdfkbfy xvhcjo fwzfw hmkybhb xvf h gobvckghîçojf bhwwh zyhcwmoybov h chzvyfqh f o phpfl jh kjfolonkh chw wogkfjhjfw bojfychw# Fczyfzhczo,

o hvzoy hgyfjkzh xvf h hcèlkwf jflfw ë kcgobplfzh# Phyh o hvzoy, flh moycfgf poczo jf phyzkjh

ñzkl, bhw cço pojf wfy }kwzh gobo ihwf whzkwmhz÷ykh phyh fthbkchy hw yflhîöfw fczyf h

gobvckghîço jf bhwwh f h kjfolonkh cfwzhw wogkfjhjfw# Phyh gocmkybhy zhl oiwfy}hîço,

Zdobpwoc gykzkgh zyáw zfbhw cow zftzow jf Hjoyco f Doyefdfkbfy#

h+ Gobo aè mok jkzo, Hjoyco f Doyefdfkbfy moghb co jkwgvywo jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl

gobo jobkchjoyh jhw }oczhjfw jo kcjk}âjvo# Wvh oyknfb pyogvyh yfmfyácgkh ch

yhgkochlkqhîço jf ^fify f ch bfyghczklkqhîço/yfkmkghîço jf Bhyt f Lveègw# Phyh

flfw, hw moybhw f kcwzkzvkîöfw jh gobvckghîço jf bhwwh wfy}fb gobo mko jf vbh zfkh

gyfwgfczf# Zdobpwoc hgyfjkzh xvf fwzh ë vbh }kwço phygkhl jh chzvyfqh jh

Gobvckghîço jf Bhwwh f jf wfv kbphgzo# Jfzhldfw kbpoyzhczfw phyh o hvzoy, gobo h

oynhckqhîço wogkhl f hw pyèzkghw gozkjkhchw jhw kcjñwzykhw jh bâjkh, phwwhb

jfwpfygfikjow poy flfw# Phyh Zdobpwoc, Hjoyco f Doyefdfkbfy h}hlkhb bvkzo ifb

h pyojvîço kcwzkzvgkochlkqhjh f h jkmvwço jf ifcw wkbi÷lkgow# Bhw h mhldh, wfnvcjo

flf, fwzhykh ch cfnlknácgkh jow hvzoyfw, yfmfyfczf h ovzyhw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jh

Gobvckghîço jf Bhwwh1 h ftzfcwço jf hgfwwkiklkjhjf jhw moybhw wkbi÷lkghw co

zfbpo f fwphîo f h gkygvlhîço jfwzhw moybhw fb wfzoy pñilkgo, hlëb jf vb goyzf

kcwzkzvâjo fczyf pyojvîço f yfgfpîço5

i+ Zdobpwoc gocgoyjh gob ow hvzoyfw xvhcjo flfw hmkybhb xvf o jfwfc}ol}kbfczo



89

jh gobvckghîço jf bhwwh zf}f kbphgzo mvcjhbfczhl woiyf h chzvyfqh jh gvlzvyh f jh

kjfolonkh chw wogkfjhjfw bojfychw# Cço oiwzhczf, flf jkwgoyjh woiyf h kjfkh jf xvf o

kcjk}âjvo }è wf fczyfnhy jf goypo f hlbh, jf moybh gfnh, how pyojvzow omfyfgkjow

pflh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl# O hvzoy gkzh h mhlègkh jo kczfychlkwbo, vbh kczfypyfzhîço

fxvk}oghjh jf xvf hw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl zfyço jfzfybkchjo fmfkzo

xvhcjo hiwoy}kjhw f hwwkbklkhjhw pflo kcjk}âjvo, co jfgoyyfy jf wvh }kjh# Phyh

Zdobpwoc, zhl hmkybhzk}h yfwvlzh ch ftplkghîço jf gobo vbh moybh jf kjfolonkh,

gykhjh pflh kcjñwzykh gvlzvyhl, lf}h h gobpoyzhbfczo oifjkfczf f gocmoybkwzh,

fchlzfgfcjo o wfczkjo jf mhzhlkjhjf f jfpfcjácgkh5

g+ Wfnvcjo Zdobpwoc, Hjoyco f Doyefdfkbfy wço }kzkbhw jo py÷pyko gocgfkzowoiyf h wogkfjhjf bojfych# Phyh flfw, zyhzh"wf jf vbh yfhlkjhjf ghyhgzfykqhjh pflh

kczfnyhîço f vckmkghîço, zykldhcjo ghbkcdo xvf lf}hykh o bvcjo à yhgkochlkqhîço f

yfkmkghîço# H kbhnfb pyoafzhjh poy flfw ë h jf vbh wogkfjhjf ocjf ghjh flfbfczo ë

yfgoyzhjo phyh kczfnyhy"wf ho zojo# Zdobpwoc hmkybh xvf zhl kbhnfb ë fthnfyhjh#

Flf hgyfjkzh xvf ftkwzf vb hlzo nyhv jf jk}fywkjhjf, jfwoynhckqhîço f yfwkwzácgkh,

xvf pyo}h}flbfczf }hk goczkcvhy h ftkwzky# $ZDOBPWOC, 8;;6+#

Fb zojhw hw oiwfy}hîöfw mfkzhw poy Zdobpwoc, mkgh f}kjfcgkhjo xvf h }kwço pfwwkbkwzh jf

Hjoyco - Doyefdfkbfy, myfczf à Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl, bfwbo wfcjo phwwâ}fkw jf gyâzkghw,

woiyfbhcfkyh hpyfwfczhb oiwfy}hîöfw hwwhq pfyzkcfczfw ho fwzvjo jo mfcúbfco#

8#9 Ow pyojvzow jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl gobo Bfghckwbow jf Jobkchîço

ôlm $8;;;+ hmkybh xvf ow pyojvzow jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl phyhlkwhb h kbhnkchîço f hfwpoczhcfkjhjf pflh gocwzkzvkîço oiafzk}h xvf powwvfb# Zojow }kwhb o gocwvbo

jfwgoczyhâjo, wfb gobpyobfzkbfczo# Ow pyojvzow wço yfmlftow jo bojflo fgocúbkgo

jobkchczf woiyf ow zfbpow jo zyhihldo f lhqfy# Ghjh vb pyopöf l÷nkgh jo goczyolf xvf cço ë

vb wkbplfw myhnbfczo, bhw, wkb, py÷pyko jf zojh h Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl f jo phpfl xvf flh

ftfgvzh ch wogkfjhjf goczfbpoyécfh# “Ghjh fwpfgzhjoy jf vb mklbf polkgkhl zflf}kwk}o whif

gob hiwolvzh gfyzfqh gobo wf gdfnh ho mkb# H zfcwço w÷ ë bhczkjh wvpfymkgkhlbfczf f ë

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87

xvf fwzè cvb zfyyfco wfnvyo‒ $ÔLM, 8;;;, p# 44+#

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hvzoy ogoyyf ch bñwkgh# ôlm mhq gobphyhîço fczyf hw bñwkghw glèwwkgh f h popvlhy# Wfnvcjo

flf, fcxvhczo ch pykbfkyh ow flfbfczow wço oynhckqhjow fb zozhlkjhjf ñckgh, ch xvhl ghjh vb

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gykhcjo yfmlftow gocjkgkochjow#

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gocwobf, h gobvckghîço jf bhwwh jf}f pyffcgdfy h lhgvch cfwzf kcjk}âjvo, co xvf zhcnf how

hcwfkow xvf flf powwvk# Efllcfy $9008+ gkzh Ahbfwoc $8;>;+ ho hmkybhy xvf h gvlzvyh jf bhwwh

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nhyhczky h zyhcxüklkjhjf, gocgobkzhczfbfczf gob h bfcwhnfb fc}khjh# Phyh o hvzoy gkzhjo, hw

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phyh o pñilkgo xvf ë hwwkb bhckpvlhjo#

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omfyfgfy “wocdow‒ ho kcjk}âjvo# O gobfygkhl jh lozfykh, }fkgvlhjo ch Z], bowzyh ghyyow,

kb÷}fkw, }khnfcw, zvjo xvf pojf wfy hjxvkykjo ghwo wfah nhcdo o pykbfkyo pyábko#

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8:

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phnov pflo wfy}kîo hwwkb o mfq phyh zfy jkyfkzo h wocdhy f kbhnkchy o xvf mhykh gob o jkcdfkyo,

ghwo nhcdhwwf# Cço wf zyhzh hxvk jf pyfwzhy vb wfy}kîo, o kczfyfwwhczf ë hjfczyhy ho gocwgkfczf

jo kcjk}âjvo f whzkwmhqá"lo fb wvhw bhkw }hykhjhw moybhw jf yfhlkqhîço#

8#7 Wov ov Wobow? O fbihzf fczyf o kcjk}âjvo f h golfzk}kjhjf ch Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl

O hvbfczo jh gobplftkjhjf f jo jkchbkwbo chw wogkfjhjfw bojfychw zyhq kcwzhiklkjhjf f

myhnklkjhjf how hwpfgzow wkcnvlhyfw jo kcjk}âjvo# Jfwzh moybh, ow jkwgvywow jh p÷w"

bojfyckjhjf hmkybhb xvf h Kcjñwzykh gvlzvyhl ë vb bkzo f vbh klvwço# Zf÷ykgow jh Fwgolh jf

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pyogfwwow wogkhkw xvf golfzk}kqhb hw fwpfgkmkgkjhjfw jf ghjh vb, zyhcwmoybhcjo fb vbh

wogkfjhjf ivyogyhzkqhjh, yhgkochlkqhjh, gocwvbkwzh f jobkchjh pflh bâjkh $EFLLCFY,

9008+#

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wogkhkw kcwfykjow ch Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl# H pykbfkyh fcmhzkqh o “fv kcjk}kjvhl‒, h wkcnvlhykjhjf#Jf moybh wviafzk}h, wço jfpowkzhjhw cflf ow wfczkbfczow, hw fboîöfw, h wolkjço, hw fwgoldhw# Ë

vb poczo jf }kwzh ogkjfczhl, woi o xvhl h wogkfjhjf jf}f fwzhy wvibfzkjh, à bfygá jfwwf

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gvlzvyh ivynvfwh, ghpkzhlkwzh f kcjvwzykhl# Fwzf bfwbo wvafkzo ë zyhzhjo gobo “pfwwoh‒ xvhcjo

ë }kwzo jf moybh gobplfbfczhy, phyzf jf hlno# Flf cço ë bhkw o gfczyo jo wkwzfbh wogkhl# O

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vckjhjf jo gocavczo#

O poczo gfczyhl ë xvf h gvlzvyh pyoafzhjh pflh Gobvckghîço jf Bhwwh flhioyh o kcjk}âjvofbpâykgo fcmhzkqhcjo o p÷lo yflhgkochl, h jkbfcwço jh pfwwoh# Gob kwzo, wf hpyotkbh jhpfywpfgzk}h hjozhjh pflhw wogkfjhjfw jo “ovzyo‒ f kc}fyzf h flhioyhîço pyojvqkjh pflhWogkfjhjf Kcjvwzykhl# $YOGDH, 8;;6, p# 8=>+

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86

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gocwfnvf fwghphy jh yozkch jf zyhihldo hjfxvhcjo"wf h flf o ÷gko, jf xvhlxvfy ovzyh moybh,

jkyfzh ov kcjkyfzhbfczf, o wvafkzo gocwobf f mobfczh hzykivzow jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl#

$HJOYCO5 DOYEFDFKBFY, 8;;>, hpvj ÔLM, 9004+#:

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8#: O jogvbfczèyko ch Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl

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xvf fwzhiflfgf }kwço wkcnvlhy jhxvklo h wfv yfjoy#

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9007+#

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> Zyhjvîço lk}yf1 Fv }fao o bhl cow wfvw oldow/ Bvldfyfw bf fcgdfcjo jf bfczkyhw/ H zykwzfqh cço }hk bvjhy wfvw hgoyjow }fynocdowow/ ]ogá }hk fcnhchy hlnvëb ho kc}ëw jf bkb/ Bvldfy jo bhl cço iykcxvf wfvw aonowgobkno/ }fywço oyknkchl jkwpocâ}fl fb ~~~#jhyel{ykgw#gob



8;

fwpfyhcîhw dh}khb hghihjo fb zojow ow lvnhyfw f gobfîh}h, fczço, o co}o pyhnbhzkwbo#$GDYKWZF, 9007, p# 90+

Lfço $8;;>+ hpoczh phyh h kcwhzkwmhîço jow ao}fcw jh jëghjh jf 8;>0 gob o pwkgojflkwbo f o

ká"ká"ká jo yoge, hpyfwfczhjo à ëpogh, gobo o kcâgko jo bo}kbfczo xvf fwzhiflfgfykh o

jkyfgkochbfczo phyh o fwzklo hchlkwhjo# Phyh o hvzoy, nyvpow jf dhyj yoge jow >0ºw pojfb wfy

gocwkjfyhjow o fbiykço jo dfh}{ bfzhl, }kwzo xvf bvkzow bñwkgow powzfykoyfw hmkybhyhb

zfyfb wf kcwpkyhjo cfwwhw ihcjhw#

Ch fyh hczfgfwwoyh ho dfh}{ bfzhl, o yoge ftfgvzhjo poy hyzkwzhw gobo Akbk Dfcjykt, Gyfhb f

Lfj Qfppflkc pojfykh wfy gocwkjfyhjo o xvf bhkw dh}kh jf “pfwhjo‒ ch bñwkgh# O py÷pyko

zfybo, Dfh}{ Bfzhl, mok vzklkqhjo pflh pykbfkyh }fq ch bñwkgh Ioyc zo if ^klj , jo nyvpo

coyzf"hbfykghco Wzfppfc~olm ‗ fwzh vbh nyhcjf ihcjh jo yoge wfzfczkwzh# Zhl ghcîço wvynkv

phyh o bvcjo co mklbf Fhw{Ykjfy , jf 8;=;# $GHYLFKHL, 900;+

Aè Gdykwzf $9007+ goczyhjkq hmkybhcjo xvf Aodc Eh{, gobpowkzoy jh bñwkgh wvpyhgkzhjh,

xvhcjo gkzh h ftpyfwwço, flf fwzh}h hpfchw wf yfmfykcjo ho ihyvldo jhw bozogkglfzhw# Co

wëgvlo TKT, Dfh}{ Bfzhl fyh vb zfybo bklkzhy, vwhjo phyh yfmfyky"wf ho pojfy jf mono jf vbh

hybh f, ch xvâbkgh, phyh hpyfwfczhy yfgëb"jfwgoifyzow flfbfczow jf hlzh jfcwkjhjf

bolfgvlhy# Phyh Gdykwzf, ch bñwkgh, hczfw jo Ilhge Whiihzd, “dfh}{‒ yfmfykh"wf bhkw h vb

wfczkbfczo fwpfgâmkgo, ho kc}ëw jf fwzklo bvwkghl# Ch nâykh dkppkf fyh vwhjo phyh jfwgyf}fy

hlno bhkw pozfczf#

Akbk Dfcjykt f ow Ifhzlfw fwgyf}khb bñwkghw xvf hpoczh}hb phyh vbh jkyfîço dfh}{, vbhpoczf fczyf bflojkhw xvf zfczh}hb yfwol}fy fboîöfw f kjfkhw gocmlkzhczfw# O “bfzhl‒ jodfh}{ joov }kzhlkjhjf jf hîo h fwwh lvzh, vbh moyîh zfbèzkgh kcxvfiyhczè}fl xvf nhyhczkh

zfcwço, hlëb jf fboîço jfwkbpfjkjh# Gocmoybf oyjfchjo pflo Ilhge Whiihzd, o Dfh}{Bfzhl fyh vb gobplfto zvyikldço jf cfvyowf f }oczhjf# Zyhcwmoybhjo fb vbhkcgoyyvpzâ}fl moyîh jf wkbplkgkjhjf klvw÷ykh, zkcdh vb hpfzkzf cfb vb povgo wflfzk}o pflh}kjh# $GDYKWZF, 9007, p# 99+#

O hvzoy gobplfzh hwwfnvyhcjo xvf h pykbfkyh ihcjh h wf hwwvbky pfyzfcgfczf ho nácfyo dfh}{

bfzhl, cço mok o Ilhge Whiihzd# Wfnvcjo flf, Oqq{ f gobphcdkh hkcjh wfczkhb"wf gob

yfwxvâgkow jh nfyhîço yogeºc yoll f cço hpyfgkh}hb h co}h cobfcglhzvyh# Ow pykbfkyow h

hjozhyfb h ftpyfwwço gobo jfmkckjoyh jh bñwkgh pyhzkghjh moyhb ow goczfyyécfow jo Avjhw



90

Pykfwz# $GDYKWZF, 9007+#

Jkmfyfczfbfczf jo pvce yoge, xvf fc}fyfjh}h poy }këw jf hlnvbh moybh polâzkgo, o dfh}{

bfzhl, wfnvcjo Lfço $8;;>+, wvi}fyzkh hpfchw pflo wfv goczftzo dfzfyojoto# Ch wogkfjhjf

pvykzhch jow hcow jf 8;>0, mhlhy woiyf o jkhio fyh vbh bhcfkyh jf gocmyoczè"lh f jkqfy xvf

cço mhqkh phyzf jflh# Co hwpfgzo bvwkghl, o zyâzoco ë vzklkqhjo fb pyomvwço# Zyhzh"wf jf vb

yfgvywo ihckjo ch Kjhjf Bëjkh pflh Knyfah Ghz÷lkgh, jf}kjo ho mhzo jf phjyfw hgyfjkzhyfb xvf

h wocoykjhjf fwzhiflfgkh goczhzo gob o jfbúcko#

O hvzoy hkcjh jfwzhgh xvf, h phyzky jow hcow jf 8;40, ihcjhw gobo Bfzhllkgh, Wlh{fy,

Bozoydfhj f Kyoc Bhkjfc fynvfyhb o fwzklo ho phzhbhy jf mfcúbfco bvwkghl, hzyhkcjobkyâhjf av}fckl pflo bvcjo# Bhw fwzh nyhcjf xvhczkjhjf hkcjh fwzh}h yfwzykzh h phâwfw

jfwfc}ol}kjow, fwpfgkhlbfczf ch Fvyoph f ow Fwzhjow Vckjow# Co mkb jh jëghjh, o fwzklo

gobfîh h zfy bhkoy }kwkiklkjhjf f nhcdh cozoykfjhjf ch Hbëykgh jo Wvl# Co Iyhwkl, o Yoge kc

Yko, jf 8;46, zf}f kbpoyzhczf phyzkgkphîço ch gocwolkjhîço jo fwzklo dfh}{ bfzhl co Phâw# H

phyzky jhâ, vb cñbfyo bhkoy jf ao}fcw iyhwklfkyow wf kczfyfwwov pflh bñwkgh#

Fb H Dfhjihcnfyºw Aovycf{4

Whb Jvcc hmkybh xvf hw oyknfcw jo fwzklo fwzço ch bñwkghglèwwkgh# Cço wobfczf co zyâzoco, o xvf h knyfah gocwkjfyh}h vbh fwpëgkf jf f}oghîço bvwkghl

ho jfbúcko ch Kjhjf Bëjkh# Ow bñwkgow kckgkhkw nowzh}hb jh bñwkgh xvf woh}h pfwhjh,

wëgvlow hczfw jo fwzklo wvynky# O bñwkgo glèwwkgo hlfbço Ykgdhyj ^hncfy mok nyhcjf

kcmlvácgkh#

Flf yffwzyvzvyov h oyxvfwzyh# Kcgoypoyov zvihw, goczyhihktow, kcglvwk}f vb ogzhihkto, o xvfzfb o joiyo jo zhbhcdo f yfxvfy jvhw pfwwohw phyh zogè"lo# F flf vwov zhczo hw okzh}hw

kcmfykoyfw jf wvhw oyxvfwzyhw, xvf xvhcjo flhw zogh}hb hw phyfjfw zyfbkhb#Zkcdh zhczoihkto# Fyh h pykbfkyh }fq xvf wf ov}kh kwwo ho }k}o# $FQYKC, Kc1 Dfhjihcnfyºw Aovycf{59006+

Cço wobfczf co hwpfgzo bvwkghl, h gocjvzh jo gobpowkzoy hlfbço mvzvyhbfczf kcwpkyhykh

bvkzhw ihcjhw jf dfh}{ bfzhl# O gkglo jf O Hcfl jow Ckiflvcnow, gocwzkzvâjo poy xvhzyo

÷pfyhw, hioyjh zfbhw mhczhwkowow, gobo mhjhw f jfvwfw# Hczkwfbkzh, ^hncfy jfmkckh ow avjfvw4 Jogvbfczèyko gykhjo fb 9006 pflo hczyop÷lono Whb Jvcc fb phygfkyh gob Wgozz BgMhj{fc# O zyhihldohioyjh h gvlzvyh jo dfh}{ bfzhl, goczhcjo gob jfpokbfczow jf bñwkgow, mçw f fwpfgkhlkwzhw bvwkghkw f jhw èyfhwjh Wogkolonkh f Hczyopolonkh#



98

gobo “ft"ghckihkw, zyfkchjow phyh wfy hnfczfw jf cfn÷gkow jh wogkfjhjf‒;# Zojow ow jokw

zfbhw ‗ mhczhwkh f ÷jko how avjfvw ‗ moyhb hpyo}fkzhjow fb pyomvwço poy ihcjhw jf dfh}{

bfzhl, gobo Ilkcj Nvhyjkhc, co pykbfkyo ghwo, f Hj Dobkcfb, co wfnvcjo#

9#9 O dfh}{ bfzhl woi hioyjhnfb hczyopol÷nkgh

Co ébikzo hczyopol÷nkgo, Lhyhkh $9007+ oiwfy}h xvf o bojo jf }fy o bvcjo, hw hpyfgkhîöfw

jf oyjfb boyhl f }hloyhzk}h, ow jkmfyfczfw gobpoyzhbfczow wogkhkw f bfwbo hw powzvyhw

goypoyhkw wço hwwkb pyojvzow jf vbh dfyhcîh gvlzvyhl ‗ yfwvlzhjo jh opfyhîço jf vbh

jfzfybkchjh gvlzvyh#

Co fwzklo dfh}{ bfzhl, h gvlzvyh ë phwwhjh poy bfko jf zykiow, xvf gocwzkzvfb wogkfjhjfw

jkwzkczhw# Co ébikzo hghjábkgo, o zfybo jfmkcf }èykow nyvphbfczow xvf mhqfb phyzf jh

wogkfjhjf goczfbpoyécfh# Dè vbh yflhîço fczyf ow zfybow “wogkhiklkjhjf‒ f “wogkhlkjhjf‒,

xvf mvcjhbfczhb ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jfwzh goczfbpoyhcfkjhjf f, poy gocwfxüácgkh, jhw zykiow# Ch

pykbfkyh fcgoczyhb"wf hw yflhîöfw zâpkghw jh wogkfjhjf }knfczf# H wogkhlkjhjf yfmfyf"wf à

“bvlzkplkgkjhjf jf wkzvhîöfw, jf ftpfykácgkhw, jf hîöfw l÷nkghw f cço"l÷nkghw‒# $BHMMFWOLK,

8;;4, hpvj MFKZOWH, 9007, p# 0:+80

#

Ao}fcw jhw bhkw }hykhjhw oyknfcw f powkîöfw wogkhkw wf fcgoczyhb fb vb wdo~# H phyzky jhâ,

ow lhîow hmfzk}ow wço gykhjow, avwzhbfczf ch gocnyvácgkh jow phyhjknbhw jf bvcjo f jf }kjh,

fwzhiflfgfcjo gobpoyzhbfczow pyhzkghjow co gozkjkhco, xvf fthlzhb h lkifyjhjf jf ftpyfwwço

f jf gocjvzh#

O mhzo jf xvf o dobfb }á o bvcjo hzyh}ëw jf wvh gvlzvyh zfb gobo gocwfxüácgkh hpyopfcwço fb gocwkjfyhy o wfv bojo jf }kjh gobo o bhkw goyyfzo f o bhkw chzvyhl# Zhlzfcjácgkh, jfcobkchjh fzcogfczykwbo, ë yfwpocwè}fl fb wfvw ghwow ftzyfbow pflhcvbfyowh ogoyyácgkh jf gocmlkzow wogkhkw# $LHYHKH, 9007, p>9+

Mçw jf dfh}{ bfzhl wço ghyhgzfykqhjow poy bhczfyfb"wf dfybëzkgow chw pyfmfyácgkhw bvwkghkw,

; Kc1 dzzp1//bvwkghglhwwkgh#moldh#gob#iy/gjw/0;/ikonyhmkh#dzbl

80 BHMMFWOLK, Bkgdfl# O zfbpo jhw zykiow1 o jfglâcko jo kcjk}kjvhlkwbo chw wogkfjhjfw jfbhwwh# Yko jf Ahcfkyo# Moyfcwf Vck}fywkzèykh, 8;;4#

http://musicaclassica.folha.com.br/cds/09/biografia.html

http://musicaclassica.folha.com.br/cds/09/biografia.html



99

xvhwf h ifkyh jo mhchzkwbo# Cow pykbfkyow hcow, cfcdvbh bñwkgh, h cço wfy dfh}{ bfzhl, ldfw

kczfyfwwh# Ë gobo wf mowwfb }olzhjow hpfchw phyh h gvlzvyh xvf hpyfgkhb, hxvflh jh bñwkgh

“pfwhjh‒# Ho mhqfy hchlonkh gob h oiwfy}hîço jo hvzoy, ë goyyfzo hmkybhy xvf ow mçw

gocwkjfyhb o fwzklo jf }kjh xvf lf}hb gobo o bhkw lkifyzèyko, yf}olvgkocèyko f, phyh flfw, fwzh

ë h bhcfkyh goyyfzh jf vb ao}fb wf poyzhy myfczf à wogkfjhjf#

Fb H Dfhjihcnfyºw Aovycf{, o hczyop÷lono Whb Jvcc gkzh o zfwzfbvcdo jf vbh ao}fb, jf

87 hcow# Jf hgoyjo gob wvhw phlh}yhw, flh jkq xvf mok xvfwzkochjh poy zfy bvjhjo

jyhwzkghbfczf o }kwvhl1 h goy pyfzh vckmoybf, govyo, fwbhlzfw fwgvyow f pkfygkcnw# H yfwpowzh

jh nhyozh1 “Whzç gdfnov(‒ Phyh flh, cço wf zyhzh jf }këw yflknkowo# H py÷pykh nhyozh jkq xvf o

kczvkzo ë yfhmkybhy h phktço pflo fwzklo dfh}{ bfzhl f, pykcgkphlbfczf, jkqfy à wogkfjhjf1 }çowf jhchy(

Jvcc $9006+ pyogvyh jogvbfczhy h opkckço jf mçw, bñwkgow f jfbhkw pyomkwwkochkw fc}ol}kjow

gob o zfbh# Phyh h wogk÷lonh Jffch ^ffwzfkc $Kc1 Dfhjihcnfyºw Aovycf{, 9006+, hw ihcjhw

jf dfh}{ bfzhl cço pojfb wfy wvh}fw, iflhw, zâbkjhw# Zojow jf}fb wfy moyzfw, jf vb ov jf

ovzyo bojo# Wobfczf hwwkb ow mçw gocwfnvkyço gykhy kjfczkjhjf gob o zyhihldo hpyfwfczhjo#

Phyh h wogk÷lonh, h gvlzvyh jh bojh ë ovzyo poczo jf jfwzhxvf# “Pyfzo f govyo wçokbpoyzhczfw# H pyhzh ë ioh chw zhgdhw# O pyfzo ch gvlzvyh ogkjfczhl ë hlno bvkzo kczfyfwwhczf#

Yfpyfwfczh pfykno, bhljhjf, bhw zhbiëb yfpyfwfczh lkifyjhjf# Moyh jh lvq jo jkh, ocjf cço

wf ë }kwzo#‒ $^FFWZFKC, Kc1 Dfhjihcnfyºw Aovycf{, 9006+

H phyzky jfwzh hmkybhzk}h ë powwâ}fl jkqfy xvf povgow fwzklow bvwkghkw gocwfnvkyhb hnyfnhy

zhbhcdo kbphgzo wvi}fywk}o, gob ghyhgzfyâwzkghw xvf kczfymkyhb jkyfzhbfczf co lhjo wogkhl jf

xvfb o fwgvzh# H }kolácgkh jobëwzkgh, hw gobplkghîöfw jo gozkjkhco, h mhlzh jf pfywpfgzk}hxvhczo ho mvzvyo, hw hcwkfjhjfw jh av}fczvjf, zvjo wfy}f gobo bozf phyh ftpyfwwhy, jf moybh

goczvcjfczf, zhkw hcwfkow f wfczkbfczow vzklkqhcjo h bñwkgh gobo fmfzk}h mfyyhbfczh jf

gobvckghîço# “Ow nhyozow fwzço hioyyfgkjow f hnkzhjow, fwpfgkhlbfczf wf záb pyoilfbhw fb

ghwh# Wfvw phkw, jyonhw f hlgoolkwbo# Zvjo goczykivk phyh pyojvqky vb ao}fb bñwkgo mvykowo#‒

$WDHMMFY, Kc1 Dfhjihcnfyºw Aovycf{, 9006+

Zhl gobpoyzhbfczo hghih poy gykhy vb nyvpo jf ftzyfbh moyîh golfzk}h, bhw hkcjh



97

gocwkjfyhjo à bhynfb jh wogkfjhjf# Co jogvbfczèyko, o bñwkgo Yoi Qobikf hmkybh xvf o

dfh}{ bfzhl ë bñwkgh phyh bhynkchlkqhjow gob zfbhw bhynkchlkqhjow# Ovzyo bñwkgo, Zob

Boyfllo, jkq xvf zyhzh"wf jf vbh cfnhîço ho bvcjo xvf ldf ë fczyfnvf# Phyh h nhyozh jf 87

hcow, fczyf}kwzhjh ch pflâgvlh, ao}fcw mçw jf bfzhl cço záb }fynocdh fb jkqfy o xvf pfcwhb#

“Cço zyhzhb jf ov}ky h bfwbh bñwkgh xvf ov}fb wfvw hbknow, cço ov}fb o xvf fwzè ch

bojh phyh wfy hgfkzo# Ë o xvf fcgoczyh co dfh}{ bfzhl1 gocmkhcîh, poyxvf ë vbh bñwkgh moyzf,

xvf zf jè h dhiklkjhjf phyh phyhy f jkqfy, Oe, jhcf"wf(‒ $JVCC, Kc1 Dfhjihcnfyºw Aovycf{,

9006+#

H pyopowzh ë h jk}fywço, bfwbo xvf ow bfkow wfahb gocwkjfyhjow polábkgow, ov dfzfyojotow#

Mçw jf dfh}{ bfzhl mhqfb phyzf jf vb nyvpo xvf cço wf kbpoyzh gob jfzfybkchjhw yfnyhwgobpoyzhbfczhkw, mkghcjo à bhynfb jh wogkfjhjf#

Ë vbh wvifwzyvzvyh jh wogkfjhjf# Poyxvf o xvf hzyhk ow mçw jf bfzhl ë vbh hzkzvjf zykihl#Xvfy jkqfy1 }hbow h vb mfwzk}hl, ov}ky hw ihcjhw xvf gvyzkbow f }hbow cow jk}fyzky# F omhzo jf o bvcjo ftzfykoy cço ow gobpyffcjfy ë mhczèwzkgo# $JOBF, kc1 DfhjihcnfyºwAovycf{, 9006+

Xvhcjo wvynkv, dfh}{ bfzhl fyh hlno bhkw jkyfgkochjo h phâwfw jo Pykbfkyo Bvcjo,

fwpfgkmkghbfczf Fvyoph f Fwzhjow Vckjow# Kwzo poy wf zyhzhy jf hlno wfb nyhcjf }kwkiklkjhjf f

wvpoyzf gobo hgoczfgkh gob ovzyow “golfnhw‒ bvwkghkw, gobo o yoge, o pop fzg# Gob o phwwhy

jo zfbpo, wfvw }këw pyomhco, chjh oyzojoto, polábkgo f yfifljf, mok nhcdhcjo mhbh fb ovzyhw

phyzfw jo plhcfzh# Doaf, zyhzh"wf jf vb mfcúbfco bvcjkhl, bvkzo moyzhlfgkjo poy }fâgvlow f

mfyyhbfczhw jh Gobvckghîço jf Bhwwh $JVCC, 900>+#

Fb Nloihl Bfzhl 88 $9004+ o hczyop÷lono hioyjh avwzhbfczf fwzh nyhcjf bvjhcîh# O nyhcjf

jfwzhxvf jo jogvbfczèyko, f bozf pykcgkphl, ë h dfzfyonfcfkjhjf chw fzckhw, po}ow,

chgkochlkjhjfw, pfwwohw fb nfyhl, xvf }fcfyhb o fwzklo bvwkghl# Poy zojo o nloio zfyyfwzyf,

ao}fcw f bhjvyow wf bkwzvyhb ch hjoyhîço f mhchzkwbo pflo dfh}{ bfzhl#

Mçw jf dfh}{ bfzhl wfbpyf fwzk}fyhb ch Fvyoph f cow FVH, jfwjf o gobfîo# Bhw, xvhcjo

88 Wfnvcjo jogvbfczèyko gykhjo pflh jvplh Whb Jvcc f Wgoz BgMhj{fc, fb 9004# Cfwzh opoyzvckjhjf ozyhihldo hpyfwfczh h gfch dfh}{ bfzhl fb phâwfw jh Hbëykgh jo Wvl, Èwkh f Oykfczf Bëjko# O oiafzk}o ë bowzyhy gobo o fwzklo bvwkghl ë hiwoy}kjo pflhw gvlzvyhw fgocobkghbfczf bfcow mh}oyfgkjhw, ov chxvflhw ocjf mhzoyfwftzyh"bvwkghkw, gobo nvfyyhw f yflknkço, záb kbpoyzhczf kcmlvácgkh#



9:

pfygfifbow bkyâhjf jf wfnvkjoyfw fb phâwfw fb jfwfc}ol}kbfczo, hkcjh poiyfw, gobo Iyhwkl,

Âcjkh, ov Kcjocëwkh, ftkwzf hlno jf jkmfyfczf, xvf zyhcwgfcjf h xvfwzço bvwkghl# Fb ghjh

chgkochlkjhjf dè vb jfzhldf, kczyâcwfgo à gocavczvyh polâzkgo"wogkhl"gvlzvyhl jfwwfw phâwfw# Co

jogvbfczèyko, hlnvbhw mfjfyhîöfw bfyfgfb jfwzhxvf poy hpyfwfczhyfb pfgvlkhykjhjfw xvf

mhqfb jo dfh}{ bfzhl vb mfcúbfco ghzèyzkgo, fcwfahcjo o nykzo jf yf}olzh jf moybh

phyhjothlbfczf hnyfwwk}h f phgâmkgh1

h+ Gdkch ‗ Hpfwhy jf wfy vbh pozácgkh fgocúbkgh bvcjkhl, gfyzow gowzvbfw f }hloyfw

hkcjh fwzço hyyhknhjow ch gvlzvyh gdkcfwh# Vb aoychlkwzh gdkcáw, aè bhjvyo, yflhzh xvf,

ch wvh av}fczvjf, ow ao}fcw bhckmfwzh}hb wvh yhk}h fb iyknhw chw pyhîhw, fbihzfw

gob hlzo mvcjo polâzkgo# Doaf, ow bfwbow yfifljfw ftzyh}hwhb h kyh hzyh}ëw jh bñwkghiflknfyhczf, wfb }kolácgkh5

i+ Kcjocëwkh ‗ Ow dfhjihcnfyw jf Ahghyzh vwhb o fwzklo phyh jfcvcgkhy h bkwëykh f

opyfwwço chw xvhkw }k}fb# H kbpowkîço yflknkowh zhbiëb ë bhl }kwzh poy flfw, xvf cço

hgfkzhb wfyfb oiyknhjow h wfnvky vbh gyfcîh jh bhcfkyh gobo h bhkoykh jh

popvlhîço mhq5

g+ Kwyhfl ‗ Cço wf mhlh jo jfbúcko fb Afyvwhlëb, zfbh fwzf zço pyophlhjo pflo fwzklo,

jfwjf wvh gykhîço# Cvb phâw ocjf o zfyyoykwbo gocwzkzvk ykwgo wfbpyf pyfwfczf,

bñwkgow jh yfnkço mhlhb jo gozkjkhco cfmhwzo jh ghpkzhl, phlgo dkwz÷ykgo jf jkwpvzhw

fczyf bvîvlbhcow f avjfvw# Phyh flfw, h }kjh yfhl ë bhkw ph}oyowh xvf xvhlxvfy zfyyoy

mkgzâgko# Bhkw vbh }fq kbpfyh h yf}olzh, xvhcjo ftkwzfb ao}fcw xvf zhbiëb cço

hgfkzhb hw jkwpvzhw yflknkowhw xvf gfkmhb }kjhw jkhykhbfczf5

j+ Kyç ‗ Fwzf ë o phâw jo Oykfczf Bëjko ocjf h gfcwvyh à Gobvckghîço jf Bhwwh bhkw

wf mhq pyfwfczf, jkmkgvlzhcjo h jk}vlnhîço jo fwzklo# Zvjo xvf yfbfzf à gvlzvyh jo

Ogkjfczf cço ë ifb }kcjo, f cfb gdfnh h phwwhy pflh myoczfkyh# Hzë dobfb gob

ghiflo gobpykjo ë bhl }kwzo# Jkwgow, ghbkwhw, bhzfykhkw jf jk}vlnhîço, chjh ë

gobfygkhlkqhjo co phâw# Hâ fczyh h kczfycfz f ow jo~clohjw, h ñckgh moybh jo

dfhjihcnfy kyhckhco wf kcmoybhy f gocdfgfy ihcjhw#



96

f+ Âcjkh ‗ Fb Jvihk, ow ao}fcw xvfyfb fwgoldfy wvhw fwpowhw, wvhw gyfcîhw f wfvw

hbknow# Dkcjvw, bvîvlbhcow f gykwzçow pojfb mhqfy phyzf jf vbh bfwbh ihcjh,

jkmfyfczfbfczf jo xvf h wogkfjhjf loghl pyfnh# Gobo vb jow dfhjihcnfyw ftplkgh, h

bñwkgh ë vck}fywhl# O dfh}{ bfzhl gocwfnvf jfyyvihy, jf moybh kcjkyfzh, gocgfkzow

yflknkowow hyghkgow# Ch gkjhjf jf Ihcnhloyf, ow iykzéckgow jo Kyoc Bhkjfc mkqfyhb, fb

9004, o pykbfkyo wdo~ jo fwzklo ch dkwz÷ykh jh gkjhjf, phyh 70#000 mçw# $Kc1 Nloihl

Bfzhl , 9004+

Fb zojow ow ghwow, mkgh f}kjfcgkhjo xvf o zfbh pykcgkphl jf ihcjhw jf phâwfw xvf hpyfwfczhb

pyoilfbhw wogkhkw, ov bfwbo pyfwfcgkhb gocmlkzow iëlkgow, }olzh how xvfwzkochbfczow woiyf

hw bhqflhw xvf ftpfykbfczhb, f ow pyoilfbhw yflknkowow/gvlzvyhkw }k}fcgkhjow poy flfw# Odfh}{ bfzhl pfybhcfgf gobo mfyyhbfczh jf gobvckghîço, jhcjo opoyzvckjhjf phyh o glhboy

gdfnhy hldvyfw, bhw jf moybh goczvcjfczf# Fwzh nloihlkqhîço aè ë vbh yfhlkjhjf, f ë poy kwwo

xvf zyhzhbow hxvk jf vb mfcúbfco#

9#7 Dfh}{ Bfzhl, Zfhzyo f Mklowomkh

Xvhcjo o fwzklo hioyjh zfbhw xvf pyo}oghb o hwgo f h yfpvlwh chw pfwwohw, gobo }kolhîço jfghjè}fyfw, boyzf f whzhckwbo, o wfcwo gobvb pojf jfmfcjfy h kjfkh jf xvf o dfh}{ bfzhl

yfgoyyf ho nyozfwgo phyh hyyfbhzhy mçw# Wojyë f Phk}h $900:+ yfkzfyhb xvf, co wëgvlo 8>,

jkgkocèykow myhcgfwfw jfmkckhb o gocgfkzo jf nyozfwgo gobo hxvklo xvf zfb hlno

hnyhjh}flbfczf ykjâgvlo, nfyhlbfczf fcwfahcjo o ykwo# Gob o phwwhy jo zfbpo, ow hvzoyfw

hmkybhb xvf h phlh}yh nhcdh co}ow bhzkqfw, ch bhkoykh hwwogkhjow ho jfw}ko jf vbh coybh

ftpyfwwk}h jobkchczf, wfahb yfmfyfczfw h gowzvbfw ov goc}fcîöfw gvlzvyhkw#

Jf gfyzh moybh, o wfcwo gobvb cço wf fxvk}ogh poy gobplfzo# Lfço $900>+ gkzh ow jk}fywow

wvinácfyow jo dfh}{ bfzhl1 Bfl÷jkgo, Zdyhwd Bfzhl, Bfzhl Pyonyfwwk}o, Dfh}{ Zyhjkgkochl,

CÔIDB $Cf~ ^h}f om Iykzkwd Dfh}{ Bfzhl +, Jfhzd Bfzhl f Ilhge Bfzhl , hpfchw phyh gkzhy

ow bhkw kbpoyzhczfw# Jfczyf flfw, jokw powwvfb ghyhgzfyâwzkgh nyozfwgh, co goczftzo jfw}khczf

jf Wojyë f Phk}h# Jfhzd bfzhl f ilhge bfzhl wço hw jvhw }fyzfczfw bhkw ftzyfbhw jo fwzklo#

Jfhzd wknckmkgh boyzf5 ilhge , cfnyo# Ho zyhjvqky, h zfbèzkgh mkgh ifb jfmkckjh# F fb hbiow ow

ghwow, o nyozfwgo wf mhq pyfwfczf#



9=

Co wvinácfyo jfhzd bfzhl, h bhkoykh bhgkîh jhw ihcjhw pyogvyh mhlhy woiyf h boyzf, h

bhcfkyh gobo flh gdfnh, xvf ch bhkoykh jhw }fqfw ë zyènkgh, ov gobo flh ë }kwzh# Zhl powzvyh

pojf wfy gocwkjfyhjh nyozfwgh, xvhcjo ow fcghyzfw jow jkwgow hpyfwfczhb hyzf jf goypow

jfwbfbiyhjow, bvkzhw }fqfw mozonyhmkhw yfhkw# Ë powwâ}fl glhwwkmkghy fwzh gocjvzh gobo vb

jfw}ko jhxvflh ftpyfwwço bvwkghl jobkchczf, pyfwfczf co bhkcwzyfhb, f xvf cvcgh hioyjhykh

zhl }këw $LFÇO, 900>+#

Co wvinácfyo ilhge bfzhl, o jfbúcko ë gkzhjo, o}hgkochjo, glhbhjo f yf}fyfcgkhjo fb

nyhcjf phyzf jhw lfzyhw# Zhl powzvyh ë, ch bhkoykh jow ghwow, vbh hmyoczh ho wkwzfbh yflknkowo

ch wogkfjhjf# Povxvâwwkbhw ihcjhw wço fmfzk}hbfczf whzhckwzhw# Ow pykbfkyow nyvpow jf dfh}{bfzhl xvf gvlzvh}hb hifyzhbfczf h zfbèzkgh whzhckwzh, gobo ]fcob, Wlh{fy f Ihzdoy{, bhkw o

mhqkhb poy pvyh f wkbplfw moybh jf fczyfzfckbfczo# $GDYKWZF, 9007+

Zdf Nhzfw om Dfll lkf ~hkzkcn hw {ov wff/ Zdfyf.w co pykgf zo ph{ avwz mollo~ bf/ K ghc zhef{ovy lowz wovl myob zdf nyh}f/ Afwvw eco~w {ovy wovl ghc coz if wh}fj/ Gyvgkm{ zdf wo ghllfjLoyj/ Df wooc wdhll mhll zo bf/ [ovy wovlw hyf jhbcfj {ovy Noj dhw mfll/ Zo wlh}f moy bffzfychll{/ Dfll h~hkzw###/ Zdf Yfhpfy nvhyj.w zdf jhyefcfj Nhzfw/ Zdhz Whzhc ghllw dkw dobf/Jfbocw mffj zdf mvychgf ~dfyf/ Zdf Jfhj hyf myff zo yohb/ $Wlh{fy, Dfll H~hkzw, Kc1 Dfll

H~hkzw, 8;46+89

Ao}fcw jo kcâgko jow hcow jf 8;40 fwzh}hb fbpolnhjow gob h pyopowzh dfzfyojoth f

jkyfzhbfczf whzhckwzh jfczyo jo dfh}{ bfzhl# Bvkzow wf wfczkhb pojfyowow gob h mhczhwkh jf

ghbkwhw fwzhbphjhw gob kbhnfcw jfbocâhghw, ho bfwbo zfbpo fb xvf bfboykqh}hb

locnhw lfzyhw gvao }këw fyh ftzyfbhbfczf pyomhco, bhljkzo# Phyh hxvflh nfyhîço, wfy jf}ozo jo

jkhio ftpyfwwh}h o jfwfao jf flkbkchy hbhyyhw wogkhkw, fcwfahcjo fwphîo phyh h jk}fywço wfb

lkbkzfw $GDYKWZF, 9006+

89 Zyhjvîço lk}yf1 Ow poyzöfw jo kcmfyco hnvhyjhb fcxvhczo }ogá }á/ Cço dè pyfîo h phnhy, hpfchw bf wknh/ Fvpowwo lf}hy wvh hlbh pfyjkjh jo zñbvlo/ Afwvw whif xvf flh cço pojf wfy whl}h/ Gyvgkmkxvf o zço gdhbhjoWfcdoy/ Fb iyf}f Flf ghkyè h bkb/ Wvhw hlbhw fwzço gocjfchjhw, o Jfvw jf }ogáw ghkv/ Phyh wfy bfv fwgyh}opflh fcfyckjhjf/ O kcmfyco hnvhyjh/ Hcaow jo kcmfyco nvhyjhb ow poyzöfw oiwgvyow/ Xvf Whzç zfb gobo wfv lhy/Jfbúckow hlkbfczhb h moychldh/ Ocjf ow boyzow fwzço lk}yfw phyh }hnhy# ]fywço oyknkchl jkwpocâ}fl fb~~~#jhyel{ykgw#gob/wlh{fy



9>

Hzkzvjfw f powzvyhw polábkghw, xvf pyogvyhb kbpyfwwkochy o pñilkgo, fwzço pyfwfczfw fb

nyhcjf phyzf jhw ihcjhw jf dfh}{ bfzhl# Cow hcow 8;>0, Hlkgf Goopfy kco}ov gob o Yoge

Zdfhzyf, fcgfchîöfw co phlgo gob bojflow wfbk"cvhw, zogdhw f kczfypyfzhîöfw fc}ol}fcjo h

boyzf, woi pfywpfgzk}h oiwgvyh $LFÇO, 900>+# Xvhcjo wf mhlh fb gdhbhy h hzfcîço,

boiklkqhy o pñilkgo, o zfhzyo zfb mvcîço jf jfwzhxvf#

Nhlfco $9006+ mhq vbh hcèlkwf woiyf o zyhihldo jo jkyfzoy jf zfhzyo myhcgáw Hczockc Hyzhvj#

Gocwkjfyhjo hvzoy jf vbh jhw oiyhw bhkw kbpoyzhczfw jh dkwz÷ykh jo zfhzyo, kczkzvlhjh O

Zfhzyo f Wfv Jvplo, Hyzhvj mok vb pyomkwwkochl goczyo}fywo# Phyh flf, o zfhzyo jf}fykh gdoghy

h wogkfjhjf, yfzkyè"lh jh powkîço jf fwpfgzhjoyh f kcwfyk"lh ch pfîh fb xvfwzço#

Phyh hjxvkyky zhl átkzo, Hyzhvj pyfnh}h o vwo jf flfbfczow bènkgow xvf dkpcozkqhwwfb o

fwpfgzhjoy, wfb xvf mowwf cfgfwwèykh h vzklkqhîço jf jkèlonow fczyf ow pfywochnfcw# Bñwkgh,

jhcîhw, nykzow, wobiyhw, klvbkchîço moyzf f ftpyfwwço goypoyhl gobvckghykhb ho pñilkgo h

bfcwhnfb, yfpyojvqkcjo co phlgo ow wocdow f ow bkwzëykow jh hlbh dvbhch $NHLFCO,

9006+#

O phyhjknbh jo gdoxvf, jf wvypyffcjfy o pñilkgo, bfwbo xvhcjo fwzf pñilkgo whif o xvf }hkfcgoczyhy, pojf wfy yfjkyfgkochjo ho dfh}{ bfzhl# Lfço $900>+ gkzh h jhcîh jo mç jo fwzklo

gobo hlno hwwvwzhjoy# Gdhbhjow jf bowd, fcxvhczo h ihcjh zogh, o pñilkgo, fcwhcjfgkjo, wf

jfihzf fb vb nyhcjf gâygvlo, jf moybh ghzèyzkgh# Whcnvf pojf fwgoyyfy, fwpkyyhy, bhw cço

hgoczfgfb iyknhw fmfzk}hw# Ë o phyhjoto jh }kolácgkh phgâmkgh#

Ihcjhw jf ilhge bfzhl vwhb gyvqfw kc}fyzkjhw co phlgo, àw }fqfw gdfnhb ho poczo jf

whgykmkghy hckbhkw, hpfchw phyh goyyoioyhyfb o }këw pyomhco, jf goczfwzhîço yflknkowh# Zfbowhxvk vbh hpyfwfczhîço zfhzyhl, xvf vwh ow yfgvywow bvwkghkw phyh ftpyfwwhy ow kjfhkw jh ihcjh,

ifb gobo hgoczfgf fb vbh pfîh jf Hczockc Hyzhvj# Hlëb jh }fwzkbfczh jf goy cfnyh, ow

hjoyhjoyfw jo wvinácfyo, fwpfgkhlbfczf hw ihcjhw, yfgoyyfb ho Goypwf Phkcz # Zyhzh"wf jf

bhxvkhnfb pfwhjh co yowzo, xvf yf}flh vbh ftpyfwwço jf joy ov ÷jko# Zvjo pojf wfy

glhwwkmkghjo gobo nyozfwgo, aè xvf yobpf gob ow gowzvbfw }knfczfw cvbh gobvckjhjf xvf

cço jfwpfyzh cflfw h kjfczkjhjf, hkcjh jf hgoyjo gob Wojyë f Phk}h $900:+#



94

Polábkgo, Hyzhvj phwwov co}f hcow jf wvh }kjh fb dowpâgkow myhcgfwfw, hp÷w wfy yfgocdfgkjo

gobo lovgo# H locnh zfbpoyhjh wfy}kv phyh o zfhzy÷lono hchlkwhy h chzvyfqh jf wvh py÷pykh

lovgvyh f h hzkzvjf jh wogkfjhjf phyh gob flh# H}fwwo àw yflhîöfw wftvhkw f cfgfwwkjhjfw

mkwkol÷nkghw, o myhcgáw yfgoyykh gob myfxvácgkh ho vwo jf jyonhw, gobo o ÷pko, ch pyogvyh jf

whchy hw joyfw mâwkghw xvf o hgobfzkhb#

Womyfcjo gob zyhvbhw, Hczockc Hyzhvj ghyyfnh}h gocwkno hw ftpfykácgkhw jhw boyzfw jo phk,

wfbpyf jkwzhczf, f jh kybç, gob hpfchw wfzf bfwfw jf kjhjf, xvf jfkthyhb yfwxvâgkow jkwzkczow

fb wvh pfywochlkjhjf# Fb wvh pykbfkyh pfîh, Lf Afz jf Whcn 87, dè vbh gfch jf kcgfwzo fczyf

vb yhphq f h kybç, wfnvkjh jf vbh wëykf jf kbhnfcw fy÷zkghw fczyf wfcdoyhw gob hphyácgkhw

yfpvlwk}hw $FWWLKC, 8;>4+#

Phyh Hyzhvj, o zfhzyo jf}f whky jo phlgo f kczfyhnky gob o pñilkgo jf moybh kczfcwh# O nykzo, h

yfwpkyhîço f o goypo jo dobfb záb lvnhy fwwfcgkhl co hzo zfhzyhl# H phlh}yh mkgh fb wfnvcjo

plhco, hwwkb gobo h zyhjkgkochl moybh jf wf mhqfy zfhzyo, o xvf flf glhwwkmkgh gobo

“jknfwzk}o‒# Ihzkqhjo jf Zfhzyo jh Gyvfljhjf, h co}h moybh gykhjh pflo myhcgáw cço jf}f

jkwzhcgkhy hzoy f plhzfkh, zojow wço pyozhnockwzhw f zojow mhqfb phyzf jo pyogfwwo, ho bfwbo

zfbpo $HYZHVJ, 8;;;+#

O Zfhzyo jh Gyvfljhjf mok gykhjo phyh jf}ol}fy ho zfhzyo h coîço jf vbh }kjhhphktochjh f goc}vlwh5 f ë cfwzf wfczkjo jf yknoy }kolfczo, jf gocjfcwhîço ftzyfbh jowflfbfczow gáckgow, xvf wf jf}f fczfcjfy h gyvfljhjf woiyf h xvhl flf pyfzfcjf wf hpokhy#Fwwh gyvfljhjf, xvf wfyè, xvhcjo cfgfwwèyko, whcnyfczh, bhw xvf cço o wfyèwkwzfbhzkghbfczf, gocmvcjf"wf poyzhczo gob h coîço jf vbh fwpëgkf jf èykjh pvyfqhboyhl xvf cço zfbf phnhy pflh }kjh o pyfîo xvf jf}f wfy phno# $HYZHVJ, 8;;;, p8:7+#

Xvhcjo wf pfcwh fb dfh}{ bfzhl, pykcgkphlbfczf o wvinácfyo ilhge bfzhl, h kczfcîço ë jfgdoghy h wogkfjhjf, nfyhy wfczkbfczow goczyo}fywow fb vbh ghbhjh wogkhl ghyhgzfykqhjh pflh

}kjh fczyfbfhjh poy yfnyhw f gowzvbfw# O}hgkochy o jfbúcko, fwzhiflfgfy }âcgvlo gob o ghow

f h jfwoyjfb chjh bhkw wço jo xvf bhckmfwzhîöfw jf yfpñjko h vb wkwzfbh xvf mçw f bñwkgow

jo fwzklo glhwwkmkghb gobo bhwwkmkghjoy f gfygfhjoy jf gobpoyzhbfczow1 h Knyfah f o

Ghzolkgkwbo#

87 zyhjvîço lk}yf1 O Aoyyhy jf Whcnvf



9;

Fczyfzhczo, Gdykwzf $9007+ gkzh o bo}kbfczo Kccfy Gkyglf, gykhjo ch Coyvfnh poy ihcjhw jf

ilhge bfzhl jow hcow 8;;0 gobo bhckmfwzhîço bhkw kjfol÷nkgh jo xvf lñjkgh# Ao}fcw jh ëpogh

yfgoyyfyhb à bñwkgh oiwgvyh phyh fchlzfgfy hw yhâqfw phnçw jf zfbpow hczknow# H dkwz÷ykh jh

Coyvfnh goczh xvf jokw yfkw, cow wëgvlow T f TK, yfgoyyfyhb à }kolácgkh phyh kcwfyky o

Gykwzkhckwbo ch gowzh Ofwzf jo phâw# How povgow h fyh xvf gvlzvh}h }èykow jfvwfw, fb jk}fywhw

gfykbúckhw, wf jklvâh gob o zfbpo# Poy bfko jh }kolácgkh hw knyfahw ghz÷lkghw fyhb kcwfykjhw

ch gobvckjhjf coyvfnvfwh#

Zhl mhzo dkwz÷ykgo nfyh}h yf}olzh cow bñwkgow jo phâw fwghcjkch}o, avwzhbfczf xvhcjo o

Gykwzkhckwbo fwzh}h pyfwzfw h gobplfzhy bkl hcow ch Coyvfnh# Ihcjhw gobo Bh{dfb fFbpfyoy zkcdhb gobo oiafzk}o vzklkqhy o bfwbo bëzojo phyh ftpvlwhy h yflknkço kcafzhjh fb

wfvw lhyfw jh bfwbh moybh gobo flh fczyov ‗ ihwfhjh ch }kolácgkh# O xvf fyh kckgkhlbfczf

vbh vzopkh phwwov h wf zoychy yfhlkjhjf xvhcjo knyfahw jf kjhjf wfgvlhy moyhb xvfkbhjhw

fczyf ow hcow jf 8;;9 h 8;;:# H hvzoykh fyh jkyfgkochjh how bñwkgow f hlnvcw moyhb pyfwow

pflo gykbf# $GDYKWZF, 9007+#

9#: Cf~ ^h}f om Iykzkwd Dfh}{ Bfzhl f Kyoc Bhkjfc

Zyhjvqkcjo phyh o poyzvnváw, h Co}h Ocjh jo Dfh}{ Bfzhl Iykzéckgo, hpfwhy jf zfy kckgkhjo

co Yfkco Vckjo, lono wf fwphldov pflo bvcjo# Co mkb jow hcow jf 8;>0, ihcjhw gobo Ilhge

Whiihzd, Lfj Qfppflkc f Jffp Pvyplf pfyjkhb fwphîo co gfcèyko bvwkghl phyh o bo}kbfczo

pvce, gob o wvgfwwo jf nyvpow gobo Yhbocfw f Wft Pkwzolw# Zfb kcâgko fczço vb

bo}kbfczo wkcnvlhy xvf pyogvyh yfwnhzhy hw fwpfgkmkgkjhjfw jo dfh}{ bfzhl# H Ocjh zyovtf

co}h fcfynkh phyh o fwzklo co kcâgko jow hcow jf 8;40 f mkb jh jëghjh hczfykoy# Co hwpfgzobvwkghl, hw ihcjhw xvf wvynkyhb à ëpogh yfzkyhyhb h kcwpkyhîço jo ilvfw jh pykbfkyh nfyhîço

jo dfh}{ bfzhl, hgyfwgfczhcjo bhkw pfwo f }flogkjhjf# O yfwvlzhjo fyh, pflh pykbfkyh }fq hzë

hlk, pvyo dfh}{ bfzhl hpyfwfczhjo phyh ow wfnvkjoyfw# Bvkzhw jhw ihcjhw xvf wvynkyhb co

bo}kbfczo }kyhyhb yfmfyácgkh bvcjo hmoyh phyh ow }kcjovyow nyvpow#8:

Gdykwzf $9007+ yf}flh xvf o kbphgzo jo bo}kbfczo pvce jh ëpogh hczfgfwwoyh à Co}h Ocjh

8: Kc1 dzzp1//~dkplhwd#cfz/bhzfykhw/fwpfgkhl/000884"kyocbhkjfc#dzbl

http://whiplash.net/materias/especial/000118-ironmaiden.html




70

yfjvqkv o fwphîo jhw nyh}hjoyhw jfwzkchjo ho dfh}{ bfzhl# Ho bfwbo zfbpo, h kjfolonkh jo

kz {ovywflm 86 lf}h}h ow ao}fcw àw nhyhnfcw, co kczvkzo jf boczhyfb wfv py÷pyko nyvpo bvwkghl#

Zhl gobpoyzhbfczo fcgoyhaov mçw jo dfh}{ bfzhl, hldfkow how wkbplfw zyáw hgoyjfw jo fwzklo

pvce, h pyogvyhyfb fcgoyphy h bñwkgh hpyfgkhjh poy flfw# Cvbh Kcnlhzfyyh jfzfykoyhjh pflh

zhth jf jfwfbpyfno co mkb jow hcow jf 8;>0, gobikchjh gob h kcmlhîço gyfwgfczf, o po}o

iykzéckgo ghyfgkh jf gykhzk}kjhjf# Gob h povgh hzfcîço jow nyhcjfw wflow, ihcjhw jf dfh}{

bfzhl yfgoyyfyhb h nyh}hjoyhw xvf zyhihldh}hb jf moybh kcjfpfcjfczf phyh h pyolkmfyhîço

jow zyhihldow# O yfwvlzhjo mok vbh yfjf mkfl, gobpowzh poy pyolâmkgh pyonyhbhîço jf pfxvfcow

dkzw# Gobo o hpoko jh bâjkh f jhw loahw fwpfgkhlkqhjhw, ow ao}fcw jh ëpogh zkcdhb hgfwwo gob

mhgklkjhjf# Cfwwh hbèlnhbh jf ftpfykácgkhw, wvynf hxvflh xvf wfykh vbh jhw pykcgkphkw ihcjhw

jf dfh}{ bfzhl jf zojow ow zfbpow1 Kyoc Bhkjfc#

Bfwbo wfcjo zço gèvwzkgo f jkyfzo xvhczo Wft Pkwzolw f Bozoydfhj, wfvw hzhxvfw}kcdhb jf yèpkjhw pyonyfwwöfw jf nvkzhyyhw fb vcâwwoco, fb }fq jf hgoyjfw jf wfyyhwflëzykghw# H bhkoykh jhw bñwkghw jo Kyoc Bhkjfc mok fwgykzh pflo hlzhbfczf hnyfwwk}oWzf}f Dhyykw, xvf hyyhcgh}h vb hl}oyoîo jf lkcdhw bfl÷jkghw jo ihkto, fcxvhczo jokwnvkzhyykwzhw nolpfh}hb hw goyjhw f pyojvqkhb gobplkghjow gobplfbfczow dhybúckgow#Jo Avjhw Pykfwz, o Bhkjfc dfyjov fwbhnhjoyhw myhwfw jf nvkzhyyh hypfahjhw f odkwzykúckgo afkzo jf ghczhy f, hwwkb gobo o Pykfwz, oynvldh}hb"wf jf wfy vbh ihcjh jfdfh}{ bfzhl# $GDYKWZF, 9007, p69+#

Cvbh Kcnlhzfyyh jobkchjh pflo kcgkpkfczf fwzklo bvwkghl pvce, o ao}fb Wzf}f Dhyykw zkcdh vb

oiafzk}o1 wfy hwzyo jo yoge# Fb 8;>7, ch gkjhjf jf ^fwz Dhb, flf yfwol}f boczhy vbh ihcjh,

xvf lf}hykh o cobf jf vb hphyfldo jf zoyzvyh jh fyh bfjkf}hl 8=# Hp÷w }èykhw moybhîöfw,

wfbpyf fb ivwgh jh bfldoykh co hwpfgzo bvwkghl, o nyvpo nyh}h o pykbfkyo jkwgo fb 8;>;# H

ihcjh fyh gobpowzh poy Wzf}f Dhyykw $ihkto+, Jh}f Bvyyh{ f Jfcckw Wzyhzoc $nvkzhyyhw+, Glk}f

Ivyy $ihzfykh+ f o }oghlkwzh Phvl Jk‛Hcco# Co hco wfnvkczf, o èlivb dobúckbo hlghcîh o

xvhyzo lvnhy chw phyhjhw iykzéckghw# H xvhlkjhjf wocoyh hzyhkykh h hzfcîço jf mçw f

pyomkwwkochkw jo bfko bvwkghl#8>

86 Zyhjvîço lk}yf1 —mhîh }ogá bfwbo‒# Vbh pyopowzh jo bo}kbfczo pvce xvf fwzkbvlh}h ow ao}fcw jh ëpogh hzoghyfb ow kcwzyvbfczow, fwgyf}fy bñwkghw, jk}vlnhy wdo~w, pyojvîço f }fcjh jf bhzfykhw fwpfgâmkgow, bfwbowfb zfy moybhîço ov ftpfykácgkh phyh zhl# Moczf1 ~~~#~kekpfjkh#gob

8= Ch Kjhjf Bëjkh, Kyoc Bhkjfc fyh o cobf jf vb whyg÷mhno, gob fwpfzow poczkhnvjow chw phyzfw kczfykoyfw jhwpoyzhw, vzklkqhjo gobo zoyzvyh f ftfgvîço# Vbh }fq jfczyo, h pfwwoh fyh hzkcnkjh fb poczow cço }kzhkw, f boyykhhp÷w doyhw, jkhw, hnockqhcjo# Kc1 dzzp1//~~~#hdkwzoykh#gob#iy/bvwkgh/ghcgofw"jo"kyoc"bhkjfc

8> Kc1 ~~~#kyocbhkjfciyhwkl#gob# Hgfwwo fb 89/80/9080#

http://www.wikipedia.com/


http://www.ahistoria.com.br/musica/cancoes-do-iron-maiden

http://www.ironmaidenbrasil.com/






78

Fb Fhyl{ Jh{w84, Wzf}f Dhyykw hmkybh xvf o fbpyfwèyko Yoj Wbhll~ooj zfb nyhcjf

phyzkgkphîço co wvgfwwo jh ihcjh# Bfz÷jkgo f ftknfczf, o iykzéckgo wfykh o yfwpocwè}fl pflh

pyomkwwkochlkqhîço bvwkghl jo nyvpo, kcwfykcjo"ow co bvcjo jow cfn÷gkow jo dfh}{ bfzhl#

Cço wobfczf, ë jflf h kjfkh jf Fjjkf, vbh jhw bhkoyfw aonhjhw jf Bhyefzkcn jo fwzklo# Co

jogvbfczèyko, Wbhll~ooj ftplkgh xvf zojow ow bfbiyow jh ihcjh fyhb gobpoyzhjow, wfb

cfcdvbh hzkzvjf polábkgh, xvf gdhbhwwf h hzfcîço jo pñilkgo# H whâjh mok gykhy vb

pfywochnfb qvbik, gob kbhnfb hwwvwzhjoyh# Ihzkqhjo gobo Fjjkf, o bhwgozf phyzkgkph hzë

doaf jow wdo~w, wfcjo pyozhnockwzh ch ghph jf zojow ow jkwgow lhcîhjow, f }fcjkjo gobo

wov}fcky jf zojhw hw moybhw1 chw ghbkwhw, gobo iocfgo, gdh}fkyo, iocë fzg# H gykhîço mkgov h

ghyno jo ghyzvckwzh iykzéckgo Jfyfe Yknnw#

Ow jokw pykbfkyow jkwgow jh ihcjh, Kyoc Bhkjfc f Ekllfyw, ftkifb jfwfc}olzvyh bvwkghl hkcjh

fb ivwgh jf kjfczkjhjf, mlfyzhcjo gob fwzklow phyhlflow ho dfh}{ bfzhl, gobo o pvce f o yoge

pyonyfwwk}o# Gob h fczyhjh jo ghczoy Iyvgf Jkgekcwoc, fb 8;47, h xvhlkjhjf wocoyh bvjh

wfcwk}flbfczf# Wzf}f Dhyykw ftplkgh, fb Fhyl{ Jh{w, xvf o hlzo hlghcgf pozfcgkhl }oghl jf

Jkgekcwoc powwkiklkzov how bñwkgow fc}fyfjhyfb phyh ovzyhw cvhcgfw, ftpfykbfczhyfb co}hw

powwkiklkjhjfw gob ow hyyhcaow f oyxvfwzyhîöfw chw ghcîöfw# Cço wobfczf ch }oq, h moybhîçohghjábkgh fb Dkwz÷ykh jf Iyvgf, hwwogkhjh ho gobpocfczf ëpkgo jf ioh phyzf jhw bñwkghw h

phyzky jf fczço, zhbiëb goczykivkv phyh vbh wocoykjhjf ñckgh, phwwâ}fl jf yfgocdfgkbfczo jf

kbfjkhzo#

Vbh nyhcjf jkmfyfcîh, f zhl}fq h bhkw wknckmkghzk}h, fczyf o Kyoc Bhkjfc f h bhkoykh bhgkîh

jhw ihcjhw jf dfh}{ bfzhl xvf wvynkykhb chxvflh ëpogh fwzè co goczfñjo jhw lfzyhw# Hpfwhy

jf zhbiëb hioyjhy zfbhw gobo yflhgkochbfczow wftvhkw f whzhckwbo, ë ch dkwz÷ykh hczknh xvfh ihcjh hlkbfczh o hyghiovîo lâykgo jf wvhw ghcîöfw# Wço bñwkghw gocwkjfyhjhw locnhw, fb

bëjkh okzo bkcvzow, xvf hioyjhb }èykhw ogoyyácgkhw goczhjhw cow lk}yow fwzvjhczkw# Wzf}f

Dhyykw ë o bhkoy gobpowkzoy, fb hlnvbhw opoyzvckjhjfw wfcjo hvtklkhjo pflow golfnhw#

Wfy}fb gobo ftfbplo hw bñwkghw Kc}hjfyw $woiyf hw kc}hwöfw jow c÷yjkgow àw Kldhw

Iykzéckghw+, Po~fywlh}f $woiyf h fwgyh}kjço co Fnkzo hczkno+, Xvfwz moy Mkyf $woiyf h jkwpvzh

84 Jogvbfczèyko gykhjo fb 900: xvf hioyjh ow pykb÷yjkow jh ihcjh, fwpfgkmkghbfczf hzë o hco jf 8;47, gobjfpokbfczow jow bñwkgow f jfbhkw fc}ol}kjow#



79

pflo mono ch pyë"dkwz÷ykh+ f Zdf Jvfllkwzw $xvf chyyh vb jvflo fczyf gh}hlfkyow ch Kjhjf

Bëjkh+#8; “Cfhy zo zdf Fhwz/ Kc h phyz om Hcgkfcz Nyffgf/ Kc hc hcgkfcz lhcj ghllfj Bhgfjockh/

^hw ioyc h woc/ Zo Pdklkp om Bhgfjoc/ Zdf lfnfcj dkw chbf ~hw Hlfthcjfy‒90 $Hlfthcjfy

zdf Nyfhz , Kc1 Po~fywlh}f, 8;46+

Vckcjo gykhzk}kjhjf bvwkghl gob zfbhw hwwogkhjow à av}fczvjf, vbh }fq xvf ioh phyzf jow

mçw jo fwzklo hkcjh fwzço chw fwgolhw f vck}fywkjhjfw, hwwogkhjow ho mhchzkwbo ghyhgzfyâwzkgo jo

dfh}{ bfzhl, o yfwvlzhjo mhzhlbfczf wfykh o wvgfwwo#

8; Kc1 dzzp1//~~~#hdkwzoykh#gob#iy/bvwkgh/ghcgofw"jo"kyoc"bhkjfc#dzbl, hgfwwo fb 87/80/9080#

90 Zyhjvîço lk}yf1 Py÷tkbo ho lfwzf/ fb vbh phyzf jh Nyëgkh Hczknh/ Cvbh zfyyh hczknh, gdhbhjh Bhgfjúckh/Chwgfv vb mkldo/ Jf Mflkpf jf Bhgfjúckh/ O cobf jh lfcjh fyh Hlfthcjyf# Kc ~~~#jhyel{ykgw#gob

http://www.ahistoria.com.br/musica/cancoes-do-iron-maiden.html

http://www.darklyirsics.com/

http://www.ahistoria.com.br/musica/cancoes-do-iron-maiden.html

http://www.darklyirsics.com/



77

7 O ]ÚO JH IFWZH HBPHYHJO PFLH KCJÑWZYKH GVLZVYHL

7#8 O Jogvbfczèyko Mlkndz ===

>0 bkldöfw jf jkwgow }fcjkjow, vbh bkyâhjf jf mçw fwphldhjow pflo bvcjo# Fwzh ë h yfhlkjhjf

jh ihcjh kcnlfwh Kyoc Bhkjfc# Mvcjhjh ch Kcnlhzfyyh pflo ihktkwzh Wzf}f Dhyykw, ch jëghjh jf

8;>0, ow iykzéckgow hwwvbkyhb phzhbhy kc}faè}fl, wfb whky jf wvhw oyknfcw, zoychcjo"wf vb

mfcúbfco jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl f, gobo gocwfxüácgkh, jh Gobvckghîço jf Bhwwh# Ojogvbfczèyko Mlkndz === ë vbh gocwzhzhîço jf zhl hmkybhîço# Hlëb jf Dhyykw, o Kyoc Bhkjfc

ë gobpowzo hzvhlbfczf poy Iyvgf Jkgekcwoc $}oq+, Hjykhc Wbkzd, Jh}f Bvyyh{, Ahckge Nfyw

$nvkzhyyhw+ f Ckgeo Bgiyhkc $ihzfykh+#

Fb 9004, h ihcjh kckgkhykh hxvflh xvf wfykh h bhkw hbikgkowh zvycá ch dkwz÷ykh jo dfh}{

bfzhl# Zyhzh"wf jh Wobf~dfyf Ihge kc Zkbf ôylj Zovy # Vbh zvycá xvf mhykh 97 wdo~w, fb

98 gkjhjfw f : goczkcfczfw, jvyhczf hpfchw = wfbhchw# Phyh zhl fbpyfkzhjh, bhkw vb mhzodkwz÷ykgo# H hxvkwkîço jf vb Iofkcn >=>, ftglvwk}o jh ihcjh, ghyhgzfykqhjo gob o bhwgozf

Fjjkf, f ihzkqhjo Fjjkf Moygf Ocf# Cflf, wfykhb lf}hjow, hlëb jow kcnlfwfw, >0 bfbiyow jh

fxvkpf f 89 zocflhjhw jf fxvkphbfczow# Co mkchl jh zvycá, moyhb bhkw jf >0#000 xvklúbfzyow

pfygoyykjow# Wobfczf h pyonyhbhîço jfwzf zyhihldo lf}ov vb hco phyh wfy gocglvâjh#

Ocjf xvfy xvf phwwf, Kyoc Bhkjfc ë wkcúckbo jf dkwzfykh golfzk}h# O jogvbfczèyko f}kjfcgkh

fwzh hynvbfczhîço ho bowzyhy kbhnfcw jf mçw jfwgoczyolhjow, lozhcjo ow hfyopoyzow, wfnvkcjo



7:

h }hc, goyyfcjo co bfko jh yvh, gdoyhcjo xvhcjo }áfb ow bñwkgow ov phwwhcjo cokzfw

py÷tkbow ho loghl jo wdo~, hghbphjow, hpfchw phyh gocwfnvkyfb iob lvnhy jvyhczf h

hpyfwfczhîço#

Fb zojow ow lvnhyfw ocjf ow kcnlfwfw gdfnhb, dè wfbpyf vbh goifyzvyh zflf}kwk}h phyh

zyhcwbkzky h lovgvyh jow mçw# Co Iyhwkl, o pyonyhbh Mhczèwzkgo, jh Yfjf Nloio jf Zflf}kwço,

mfq yfpoyzhnfb woiyf o Fjjkf Moygf Ocf, xvf ë pklozhjo jvyhczf zojh h zvycá pflo }oghlkwzh

Iyvgf Jkgekcwoc# H bhkw co}h bâjkh jf bhwwh, h kczfycfz, hgobphcdov zojh h zovy , hzyh}ëw jf

wkzfw, ilonw, pfymkw co Oyevz , B{wphgf, Z~kzzfy , h bhkoykh jhw }fqfw gob cozâgkhw jhjhw pflow

py÷pykow mçw, xvf, kcgocwgkfczfbfczf, hvtklkh}hb ch jk}vlnhîço jow wdo~w#

Mknvyh 81 Fjjkf Moygf Ocf, o h}kço pfywochlkqhjo jo nyvpo, fb plfco }úoMoczf1 jogvbfczèyko Mlkndz ===

O xvf dè jf kczfyfwwhczf co jogvbfczèyko, xvf o ghzhpvlzh h oiafzo jf fwzvjo hghjábkgo, ë h

powzvyh jow bñwkgow, jow mçw f jo py÷pyko fwzklo bvwkghl ftfgvzhjo pflh ihcjh# Dfh}{ bfzhl

wfbpyf fwzf}f yflhgkochjo how nvfzow, ho vcjfynyovcj , pykcgkphlbfczf xvhcjo h ihcjh cço

gfjf ho bhkcwzyfhb, cço gobfygkhlkqhcjo wfv wob, zoychcjo"o hwwkb bfcow hgfwwâ}fl# Kyoc



76

Bhkjfc cvcgh wf “}fcjfv‒#

Wfv fwzklo zyhjkgkochl, vb jow bhkoyfw âgocfw jh Cf~ ^h}f om Iykzkwd Dfh}{ Bfzhl , jow hcow

8;40, wfbpyf fwzf}f pyfwfczf ch wvh bñwkgh# Ow kcnlfwfw cvcgh pyfgkwhyhb bvjhy o wob phyh

}fcjfy bhkw, hcnhykhy co}ow mçw f nfyhy bhkw jkcdfkyo# Zvjo hgoczfgfv chzvyhlbfczf, glhyo,

gob xvhlkjhjf bvwkghl f nyhcjf pojfy jf Bhyefzkcn, pykcgkphlbfczf gob yflhîço ho bhwgozf

Fjjkf#

Jvyhczf Mlkndz === , pfygfif"wf wfkw bñwkgow gob bhkw jf 60 hcow jf kjhjf wf jk}fyzkcjo,

mhqfcjo o xvf nowzhb, wfb bvkzo pyfogvphy gob o xvf jf}fykhb wfnvky# Xvhcjo wvynkv,

jëghjhw hzyèw, o dfh}{ bfzhl fwzh}h lknhjo h zfbhw oiwgvyow, dfzfyojotow f jf goczfwzhîço#Kwwo mhqkh gob xvf o fwzklo mkghwwf pyfwo ho vcjfynyovcj , wfcjo kbpowwâ}fl nyhcjfw

nyh}hjoyhw kc}fwzkyfb ch “ilhwmábkh‒#

O py÷pyko Kyoc Bhkjfc womyfv xvhcjo lhcîov o jkwgo Zdf Cvbify om zdf Ifhwz , fb 8;49, co

xvhl mlfyzh}h gob o lhjo whzéckgo, bfwbo wfb wohy phyzkjèyko# Bhczfcjo h pyopowzh bvwkghl, f

goczhcjo gob o zhlfczo jow gobpocfczfw, h ihcjh wf zoycov yfmfyácgkh bvcjkhl, zhczo ch

hyyfghjhîço pfgvckèykh, gobo ch lfnkço jf mçw#

O jogvbfczèyko bowzyh h ihcjh fb ghjh vbh jhw gkjhjfw }kwkzhjhw, xvhcjo gdfnhb, h yfhîço

jow wfnvkjoyfw fzg# Hlnvcw ghwow bfyfgfb jfwzhxvf# Ch Hvwzyèlkh, hczfw jo wdo~, ow mçw

yfhlkqhb h Bhkjfc Yfvckoc, vbh yfvckço jf hjoyhjoyfw jh Jocqflh jf Mfyyo, gvao zfbh

pykcgkphl ë o Kyoc Bhkjfc, jf moybh lñjkgh# Ch Hbëykgh Lhzkch, ë kbpyfwwkochczf h phktço jow

mçw, f o xvf flfw mhqfb# O wdo~ jh Gowzh Ykgh mok o bhkoy f}fczo bvwkghl ch dkwz÷ykh jo phâw#

Co Bëtkgo, Jkgekcwoc gobphyh ow mçw h zoygfjoyfw jf mvzfiol# Co Iyhwkl, vb jow phâwfw gob

bhkoy cñbfyo jf hjoyhjoyfw fb zojo o plhcfzh, vb phvlkwzhco boczov vbh Knyfah# W÷ xvf o

loghl pyfnh wfyböfw, zfcjo gobo zfbh hw lfzyhw jh ihcjh# O mç zfb 8=9 zhzvhnfcw jo nyvpo

pflo goypo, f wfv mkldo hzfcjf pflo cobf jf Wzf}f Dhyykw $bfwbo jo mvcjhjoy jh ihcjh+#

Zvjo kwwo ë gocwfxüácgkh jf vb mfcúbfco bvwkghl, xvf vlzyhphwwov hw ihyyfkyhw jo

vcjfynyovcj f doaf }fcjf bhkw xvf bvkzow hwzyow jh bñwkgh pop jk}vlnhjow pflh bâjkh f gob

hpoko jf nyhcjfw nyh}hjoyhw#



7=

Phyh h yfhlkqhîço jh pfwxvkwh, wfyè vzklkqhjo o bëzojo jh hcèlkwf jo jkwgvywo, hpyfwfczhjo co

jogvbfczèyko# Wfyè lf}hjh fb gocwkjfyhîço h gocwzyvîço jf kjëkhw xvf hphyfgfb co mklbf

hzyh}ëw jhw opkcköfw jow bñwkgow, o gobpoyzhbfczo jow mçw f wvhw bhcfkyhw jf fcvcgkhy hw

kbpyfwwöfw woiyf o nyvpo, moybhw jf wknckmkghîço jh gvlzvyh dfh}{ bfzhl# Zhbiëb wfyè

}fykmkghjh f h}hlkhjh fb xvf bfjkjh ogoyyf bvjhcîh ch gocwzyvîço oyknkcèykh jo jkwgvywo jo

fwzklo bvwkghl jo dfh}{ bfzhl, hiykcjo fwphîo à kcjñwzykh jh bñwkgh f bojkmkghcjo h gocjvzh

vcjfynyovcj #

7#9 Vb pyojvzo jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl

Lono co gobfîo jo mklbf, h kczyojvîço jf vb jow wdo~w wfy}f gobo hpyfwfczhîço jo

jogvbfczèyko# Zyhzh"wf jf vb jkwgvywo jf ^kcwzoc Gdvygdkll, pykbfkyo bkckwzyo kcnláw, à

ëpogh jh Wfnvcjh Nvfyyh Bvcjkhl# Hw phlh}yhw fcgoyhahjoyhw bozk}hb po}o f ftëygkzo

iykzéckgow goczyh o chqkwbo hlfbço# Fwzh ë h hifyzvyh jf Hgfw Dknd, gvah hioyjhnfb ë o yflhzo

jf vb pklozo hëyfo kcnláw, kcjo phyh h ihzhldh# Co jogvbfczèyko, h }ffbácgkh ch }oq jo

pyfbkfy wfy}f phyh hvbfczhy h hjyfchlkch jf xvfb fwzè co pñilkgo# Woi o gocgfkzo jf Yogdh

$9006+ wço pfwwohw xvf mhqfb phyzf jf vb gocavczo5 h gflfiyhîço jo dfh}{ bfzhl, o gvlzo àihcjh Kyoc Bhkjfc#

O fcxvhjyhbfczo jow ao}fcw f}kjfcgkh h hcwkfjhjf f h hlfnykh poy fwzhyfb chxvflf bobfczo#

Zojow wço pfîhw mvcjhbfczhkw ch pflâgvlh, f wfb o mhchzkwbo jflfw o jogvbfczèyko pfyjfykh

wknckmkghjo# Zhl gobpoyzhbfczo powwvk pyfgfjfczfw cow bfkow jf gobvckghîço jf fwzhjow

kcjvwzykhkw bojfycow xvf bhckpvlhykhb bhwwhw, gocmoybf oiwfy}hjo poy Hjoyco $8;;>+#

Hwwkb gobo co yfnkbf chgkochl wogkhlkwzh jf ëpoghw phwwhjhw, h kbhnfb jo po}o mflkq wfy}fgobo phco jf mvcjo phyh goyyoioyhy vbh oiwfy}hîço h wfy wvnfykjh# Co ghwo jf Mlkndz === ,

cço wf zyhzh jf ftployhy cfnhzk}hbfczf fwzf yfgvywo jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl# Wço hpfchw

hjolfwgfczfw wfcjo mklbhjow, ftpyfwwhcjo h phktço pflh ihcjh ‗ hzkzvjf xvf hvtklkh ch

gocwolkjhîço jo nyvpo gobo vb jow pklhyfw jh bñwkgh bvcjkhl#

Jvyhczf o jogvbfczèyko ow bñwkgow yf}fqhb cow gobfczèykow woiyf flfw bfwbow, h ghjh

bobfczo vb mhlh h yfwpfkzo jo ovzyo# H kczfcîço wfykh h jf gocwolkjhy ow lhîow ftkwzfczfw,



7>

gobo wf zojow wf gocdfgfwwfb bvkzo ifb# How mçw fwpfgzhjoyfw mkgh h kbpyfwwço jf xvf cço ë

wobfczf vbh ihcjh, wço hbknow jf locnh jhzh zyhihldhcjo avczow, gvao yfwvlzhjo ë h hbkqhjf

wkcgfyh, hlkbfczhjh pflh écwkh jf mhqfyfb phyzf jh kcjñwzykh bvwkghl#

Zojo o }këw wvi}fywk}o, hpyfwfczhjo poy Lfço f Gdykwzkf, pfyjf o wfczkjo xvhcjo h ihcjh zfb

o pykbfkyo jkh jf molnh jh zvycá# Ow nvkzhyykwzhw Hjykhc Wbkzd f Jh}f Bvyyh{, hlëb jo

ihzfykwzh Ckgeo BgIyhkc, hpyo}fkzhb o jkh wfb h zyklonkh “wfto, jyonhw f yogeºc yoll‒, zço fb

}onh cow hcow jf 8;40, xvhcjo o dfh}{ bfzhl nhcdov popvlhykjhjf pflo bvcjo# Cfwzf ghwo,

h pyèzkgh jf fwpoyzfw ë h fwgoldh jow bñwkgow#

Zhl}fq pflh kjhjf aè cço zço ao}fb ‗ zojow záb, co bâckbo, 60 hcow jf kjhjf, hw opîöfwbvjhb# Hjykhc Wbkzd }hk aonhy záckw gob Phz Ghwd, zfckwzh pyomkwwkochl f xvf aè mok ghbpfço

jo zoycfko jf ^kbilfjoc, vb jow bhkw zyhjkgkochkw zoycfkow jo nácfyo# H opîço pojf wfy

vbh wkbplfw gokcgkjácgkh, bhw zhbiëb fcwfah kczfypyfzhîço hlzfychzk}h5 kcwfyky co

jogvbfczèyko vb hzlfzh xvf ë yfmfyácgkh bvcjkhl fb vb fwpoyzf pyhzkghjo pflh flkzf wogkhl f

kczflfgzvhl woh gobo fwzyhzënkh jf Bhyefzkcn, xvf cço gocjkq bvkzo gob hxvflh powzvyh

yfifljf jf jëghjhw phwwhjhw#

Jh}f Bvyyh{ f Ckgeo Bgiyhkc pyfmfyfb aonhy nolmf ‗ ovzyo fwpoyzf flkzkqhjo# Jvyhczf h

phyzkjh, Bvyyh{ jkq xvf, co phwwhjo, flfw phwwh}hb doyhw co ihy, xvhcjo fb zvycá, wfbpyf

hzfczow how oldhyfw mfbkckcow# Hnoyh flf bfwbo jkq xvf pyfmfyf hlno bfcow hnkzhjo, vbh

hzk}kjhjf xvf cço jfiklkzf o oynhckwbo# Zhl gobpoyzhbfczo cço gocjkq gob hxvflf,

kjfhlkqhjo pflh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl, jhw ihcjhw ftkwzfczfw jf dfh}{ bfzhl# F cço wf zyhzh jf vbh

xvfwzço fzèykh, goczfbpoyécfow jow kcnlfwfw, gobo Bozoydfhj f Ekww, hkcjh wço gocdfgkjow

bvcjkhlbfczf pflhw ftzyh}hnécgkhw moyh jow phlgow#

Xvhcjo o ihktkwzh f lâjfy Wzf}f Dhyykw yfwwvynf ch pflâgvlh, jfczyo jf vb h}kço, hvzonyhmhcjo

bhzfykhkw pyobogkochkw, fb gobphcdkh jf wfv mkldo, ë pfygfpzâ}fl h bvjhcîh jf phyhjknbh co

xvf zhcnf à bhcfkyh jf gobpoyzhy"wf myfczf à gébfyh mklbhjoyh# Fb Dfhjihcnfyºw Aovycf{

$9006+, ^ffwzfkc hmkybh xvf hw ihcjhw jf dfh}{ bfzhl cço jf}fb hphyfgfy wvh}fw, o lhjo

bhlknco f hghgdhphczf jf}f pyf}hlfgfy# Fb Mlkndz === cow zyfgdow ow xvhkw zhl hmkybhzk}h

pojfykh wfy }fykmkghjh, wço ftkikjow co fczhczo bobfczow mhbklkhyfw ov lñjkgow, wfb cfcdvb





7;

jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl1 h bñwkgh f o fwpoyzf# Cfcdvbh ovzyh ihcjh jf dfh}{ bfzhl zfb zhczh

hwwogkhîço gob o mvzfiol xvhczo ow kcnlfwfw jo Kyoc Bhkjfc ‗ yfmlfto jh phktço xvf ow

bñwkgow záb pflh bojhlkjhjf fwpoyzk}h f xvf cço fwgocjfb h pyfmfyácgkh, jfwpyfogvphjow

gob powwâ}fl goczyhjkîço h fwzfyf÷zkpow f hzkzvjfw kcwfykjhw ch gfch gobpoyzhbfczhl jo fwzklo

bvwkghl#

Xvhcjo h ihcjh gdfnh ho Ahpço, lono co hfyopoyzo ftkwzf vb gdoxvf fczyf h gvlzvyh oykfczhl f

h ogkjfczhl# Ahpocfwfw wço bvcjkhlbfczf gocdfgkjow, jfczyf ovzyhw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw, poy wfyfb

polkjow f jkwgyfzow fb pñilkgo# Ow hjolfwgfczfw xvf yfgfifb ow kcnlfwfw co whnvço phyfgfb

jfwgocdfgfy h wvpyhgkzhjh powzvyh# Dkwzëykgow, fvm÷ykgow, zojow xvfyfb wf hpyotkbhy jow

âjolow# Vbh ao}fb gdfnh h jkqfy phyh o jogvbfczhykwzh xvf nowzhykh jf wfy mkldh jf Wzf}fDhyykw# H yfhîço ghyyfnhjh jf wfczkbfczo zyhq how hjolfwgfczfw bvkzo bhkw jo xvf h

opoyzvckjhjf jf }kyfb wfvw dfy÷kw poy pfyzo# O wfczkbfczo jf mhqfyfb phyzf jh dkwz÷ykh jh

ihcjh, gobo wf mowwfb pfîhw mvcjhbfczhkw ch zyhafz÷ykh jflfw, pflo bfcow chxvflf bobfczo,

wf mhq pyfwfczf#

Hkcjh woiyf h pfxvfch ahpocfwh, pyfwzfw h wf hmhwzhy jhw lfczfw jh gébfyh, flh yfzoych f mhq

gob h bço fwxvfyjh o wâbiolo bvcjkhl jo dfh}{ bfzhl1 ow gdkmyfw xvf vzklkqhb ow jfjowkcjkghjoy f bkcjkcdo, gob o yfwzhczf jh bço mkybfbfczf mfgdhjh# H myhwf xvf flh jkq kcjkgh

gobo h ao}fb fwzè kcwfykjh ch lkcnvhnfb jo fwzklo bvwkghl1 Wzh{ dfh}{(98# Ho yfgoyyfy h fwzf

ahynço kcwfykjo ch gvlzvyh jo dfh}{ bfzhl, h nhyozh kcgocwgkfczfbfczf goczykivk phyh o

moyzhlfgkbfczo jf vbh gfch bvwkghl xvf ghjh }fq bhkw ë gobpowzh poy pfwwohw xvf cço

gocdfgfb bvkzo ifb hw oyknfcw jo fwzklo, bhw nowzhb jh bñwkgh#

Phyh Hjoyco f Doyedfkbfy h Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl hghih poy jkbkcvky h ghphgkjhjf jfpfcwhbfczo gyâzkgo jo kcjk}âjvo, o xvf pojfykh pyopoygkochy wvh hvzocobkh# Xvhcjo h ao}fb

gkzh h myhwf, flh wfnvf o gobpoyzhbfczo jow mçw jf dfh}{ bfzhl, bfwbo xvf, jhxvk h hlnvcw

hcow, h hjolfwgfczf phwwf h nowzhy jf ovzyo fwzklo bvwkghl# Chxvflf bobfczo flh yfpyfwfczh

vbh golfzk}kjhjf, ow phyhjknbhw jh av}fczvjf mç jf dfh}{ bfzhl# Zdobpwoc $8;;6+ hmkybh

xvf, ch Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl, o fwphîo wkbi÷lkgo jfwzkchjo ho gvlzk}o jh kbhnkchîço kcjk}kjvhl ë

zyoghjo pflh gobfygkhlkqhîço jfwzf bfwbo vck}fywo# Co ghwo jh nhyozkcdh, o nfwzo xvf mhq

98 “Pfybhcfîhb pfwhjow‒, fb zyhjvîço lk}yf#



:0

pojf gdhbhy h hzfcîço jf xvfb hwwkwzh ho jogvbfczèyko, f pyogvyf gocwvbky hxvklo xvf }á,

ghwo wf kczfyfwwf#

Hjoyco ftplkgh woiyf h gocjkîço xvf h Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl zfb jf pyopoygkochy cfgfwwkjhjfw

ho dobfb# Bhw cço hxvflhw gocwkjfyhjhw ièwkghw, gobo boyhjkh f hlkbfczhîço# Phyh flf, h

cfgfwwkjhjf fwzè hwwogkhjh ho gocwvbo wvpëymlvo, hlno cço kczyâcwfgo à woiyf}k}ácgkh# Co

jogvbfczèyko, vb mç gdoyh gopkowhbfczf poy zfy gocwfnvkjo pfnhy h ihxvfzh99 lhcîhjh pflo

ihzfykwzh Ckgeo Bgiyhkc# Hw lènykbhw xvf whfb hivcjhczfbfczf jo yowzo jo yhphq jfcozhb

vb wfczkbfczo kczfcwo, bhw h bhcfkyh gobo oldh phyh h gébfyh jfcvcgkh xvf flf bhkw fcgfch

jo xvf yfhlbfczf gdoyh# Phyfgf xvf o yhphq hgfkzh o phpfl jo mç fbogkochjo, ch fwpfyhcîh jf

wf zoychy âgocf jf vbh av}fczvjf mhcèzkgh pflh ihcjh ov, pflo bfcow, wfy popvlhy fczyf owhbknow#

7#7 Vb jogvbfczèyko xvf hpyfwfczh wocdow

Wfnvcjo Ckgdolw $900>+, ftkwzfb jokw zkpow jf jogvbfczèyko1 o jf Whzkwmhîço jf Jfwfaow f

hxvflf jf Yfpyfwfczhîço Wogkhl# Co pykbfkyo, ow mklbfw jf mkgîço zoychb bhkw py÷tkbow jo

kcjk}âjvo ow wocdow, jfwfaow, pfwhjflow f bfjow, bhzfykhlkqhcjo myvzow jh kbhnkchîço# Cowfnvcjo, ow mklbfw jf cço mkgîço hiyfb fwphîo phyh co}hw }kwöfw jf vb bvcjo gobvb, phyh

xvf wfah ftployhjo f gobpyffcjkjo# Co ghwo jf Mlkndz === , ë powwâ}fl jkqfy xvf o mklbf

powwvk bobfczow xvf hioyjhb hw jvhw ghzfnoykhw#

Xvhcjo ow mçw hwwkwzfb à pflâgvlh, flfw hpyotkbhb"wf jhxvklo xvf hjoyhb ‗ h ihcjh fb wk f

zvjo xvf h gfygh# Bfwbo xvf poy povgo bfcow jf jvhw doyhw, o wocdo jf mhqfy phyzf jf vbh

yfhlkjhjf zço jkwzhczf, xvf ë o gozkjkhco jo nyvpo, fwzè how oldow jfwzf mç, whzkwmhqfcjo"o#Bfwbo xvfb cço hgobphcdh h zyhafz÷ykh jh ihcjh, ov jo dfh}{ bfzhl, zfyè à myfczf vbh

opoyzvckjhjf jf gocdfgfy f ftployhy o bvcjo jo fwzklo bvwkghl, fb gfyzh pyopoyîço

yfpyfwfczhjo pflo Kyoc Bhkjfc#

O }oghlkwzh Iyvgf Jkgekcwoc ë hpyfwfczhjo co mklbf gobo vbh pfwwoh jf ykzbo pyomkwwkochl

99 ]hyfzh jf bhjfkyh bhgkîh, gob gfygh jf :0 gfczâbfzyow, xvf o ihzfykwzh vzklkqh phyh zoghy hw pfîhw jf wfv ekzjf ihzfykh#



:8

myfcëzkgo, wfah goyyfcjo pflo phlgo jfwfcmyfhjhbfczf, ov gocgfczyhjo ho pklozhy h}köfw ‗ vb

doiikf hwwvbkjo# Wvh powzvyh }hk ch jkyfîço goczyèykh à jow golfnhw jf ihcjh, xvf pyfmfyfb o

jfwghcwo cow kczfy}hlow fczyf hw zvycáw# O lâjfy Wzf}f Dhyykw jkq, co jogvbfczèyko, xvf

Jkgekcwoc jf}fykh yfjvqky o ykzbo, pokw zyhihldh kcghcwh}flbfczf# O mklbf hghih poy kcwfyky o

}oghlkwzh co phjyço jo ~oyehdolkg, hxvflh pfwwoh }kgkhjh fb zyhihldo, zço ghyhgzfyâwzkgo chw

wogkfjhjfw ghpkzhlkwzhw#

Mçw jf dfh}{ bfzhl pojfb wf fwpfldhy co ftfbplo jo âjolo, fchlzfgfy o fwpâykzo zyhihldhjoy,

avwzhbfczf poyxvf vbh pfwwoh xvf hjbkyhb zfb o bfwbo gobpoyzhbfczo, bfwbo zfcjo

phwwhjo jow 60 hcow jf kjhjf# Wfnvcjo Efllcfy $9008+ o nyhcjf pojfy jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl

fwzè ch ghphgkjhjf jf omfyfgfy “wocdow‒ ho kcjk}âjvo# Ä ifb pyo}è}fl xvf vb ao}fb, mç jonyvpo, pfcwf xvf jfwfah wfy fthzhbfczf gobo Iyvgf Jkgekcwoc1 vb hwzyo jo Yoge, xvf hkcjh

gocwfnvf yfhlkqhy ovzyh hzk}kjhjf jklfzhczf, xvf ë h jf pklozhy h}köfw phyh vbh fbpyfwh hëyfh#

Pyo}h}flbfczf h nyhcjf bhkoykh jow hjolfwgfczfw cço gdfnhyè h fwzf phzhbhy, bhw h

bfcwhnfb ë pyfwfy}hjh co kcgocwgkfczf jflfw#

Ovzyo ftfbplo jf zyfgdo co mklbf, gvah hmkybhîço jf Efllcfy mhq wfczkjo, ogoyyf xvhcjo vb

jow gdfmfw jh fxvkpf jf wvpoyzf ‗ yohjkfw, zëgckgow jf wob, fcnfcdfkyow fzg ‗ mhlh woiyf owzyhihldow xvf gobhcjh# Wvhw phlh}yhw kc}olvczhykhbfczf fczyfnhb vbh wëykf jf hzk}kjhjfw

xvf, gfyzh moybh, fwgyh}kqhb ow mvcgkocèykow# Wço bhkw jf 90 doyhw h wfy}kîo poy jkh, yfwzhcjo

povgo zfbpo phyh o jfwghcwo mâwkgo# Ho wfy hpyfwfczhjo fb vb jogvbfczèyko bvwkghl, zvjo

pojf wfy gocwkjfyhjo gobo phyzf jo goczftzo mfwzk}o# Ch }fyjhjf, h moyîh lhioyhl dvbhch ë

ftployhjh ho ftzyfbo, co kczvkzo jf pyfwfy}hy o jfwfc}ol}kbfczo jh zvycá#

O gobpoyzhbfczo jh fxvkpf yfbfzf à }kwço xvf Hjoyco f Doyedfkbfy záb woiyf h KcjñwzykhGvlzvyhl, co xvf jkq yfwpfkzo à yflhîço jflh f gob h }kjh pyomkwwkochl# Phyh ow hvzoyfw, hw

fbpyfwhw omfyfgfb o lhqfy jfczyo jf wvhw pyopykfjhjfw, gobo cow glvifw ghbpfwzyfw, ocjf ow

mvcgkocèykow lf}hb h mhbâlkh cow jkhw jf molnh# Jfwzh moybh, ow zyhihldhjoyfw goczkcvhb woi

ow oldhyfw f jobâckow jow fbpyfnhjoyfw# O bfwbo hgoczfgf gob h fxvkpf jh ihcjh, xvf zfb

h lkifyjhjf gfygfhjh, cow bobfczow jf lhqfy#

Ë powwâ}fl kbhnkchy xvhczow fwpfgzhjoyfw nowzhykhb jf mhqfy phyzf jh fxvkpf,



:9

kcjfpfcjfczfbfczf jf jfzfykoyhyfb ow py÷pykow goypow f bfczfw gob fwmoyîo mâwkgo ifb

hgkbh jo phjyço jf zyhihldo gocwkjfyhjo coybhl# Phyh fwzfw mçw, cço kczfyfwwh o xvf pojf ldfw

hgoczfgfy, o jfwfao ë mhqfy phyzf jh kcjñwzykh bvwkghl, hgobphcdhy ow bñwkgow fb zvycá f wf

jk}fyzky, bfwbo xvf h yflhîço fczyf zyhihldo fthgfyihjo f jk}fywço wof phyhjothl# Hkcjh co

mklbf, povgo hczfw jf zfybkchy h mhlh, o gdfmf ë kczfyyobpkjo poy mvcgkocèyko xvf pyogvyh

phwwhy h kbhnfb jf vb }fyjhjfkyo iochgdço5 vbh pfwwoh xvf wf jk}fyzf gob o zyhihldo#

Cço wobfczf cfwzf zyfgdo, bhw fb zojo o jogvbfczèyko, ow jogvbfczhykwzhw vzklkqhb jf

yfgvywo jf nyhcjf kbpoyzécgkh ch Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl1 h fjkîço jf kbhnfcw# Gobo jkykh o

jkzhjo hczkno1 “jhk h Gëwhy o xvf ë jf Gëwhy‒# Cfwzf ghwo, ow mçw cço }ço wf kczfyfwwhy poy

wkzvhîöfw goyykxvfkyhw, gobo vb jfwfbihyxvf gobvb, o xvf flfw xvfyfb ë hlno xvf hzfcjh àwftpfgzhzk}hw, kbhnfcw gvykowhw, fcnyhîhjhw, jkwgvywow pfyzkcfczfw# Pyo}h}flbfczf bvkzhw

kbhnfcw cfnhzk}hw moyhb mfkzhw, gobo jkwgvwwöfw, jfwh}fcîhw, ov xvhlxvfy ovzyh wkzvhîço xvf

powwh phwwhy hlno cfnhzk}o woiyf h ihcjh, bñwkgow ov fxvkpf# Wfnvcjo Hjoyco f Doyedfkbfy,

hw kcmoybhîöfw gdfnhb jf moybh bhwwkmkghjh ho kcjk}âjvo, cfwzf ghwo bvkzo ifb flhioyhjh

phyh hzkcnky o oiafzk}o1 klvjky o mç, jhcjo h flf h kbpyfwwço jf xvf fwzè cvb bvcjo jf wocdow,

ocjf zvjo ë pvyh jk}fywço#

Hkcjh gobo ftfbplo jh hmkybhzk}h hgkbh, co wdo~ jf Low Hcnflfw, FVH, o ghbhykb jh

ihcjh ë kc}hjkjo poy fwzyflhw jo dfh}{ bfzhl1 Yocckf Ahbfw Jko $Ilhge Whiihzd, JKO+, Efyy{

Ekcn $Wlh{fy+, Lhyw Vlykgd $Bfzhllkgh+, Zob Boyfllo $Yhnf Hnhkcwz zdf Bhgdkcf+, Wgozz Khc

$Hczdyht+, jfczyf ovzyow# Zojow yf}fyfcgkhb h ihcjh, vbh glhyh hmkybhîço jf xvf Kyoc

Bhkjfc mknvyh fczyf hw bfldoyfw jo bvcjo ‗ woi h ÷zkgh jow zyhihldow jf fjkîço f jkyfîço#

Fb ovzyo zyfgdo, Wzf}f Dhyykw ë gkzhjo gobo h ghifîh pfcwhczf jh ihcjh, hxvflf yfwpocwè}flpoy zojow ow zyhihldow, zfcjo ow gobphcdfkyow gobo gohjav}hczfw fwwfcgkhkw phyh h yfhlkqhîço

jo xvf hlbfah, hwwkb gobo mok jkzo fb Fhyl{ Jh{w# Woi o gocgfkzo jf Yogdh $8;;6+ Dhyykw

wfykh o “kcjk}âjvo‒, ho xvhl wço jfpowkzhjow ow wfczkbfczow, hw fboîöfw f hw fwgoldhw# Phyh o

hvzoy, h wogkfjhjf jf}f fwzhy à bfygá jo kcjk}âjvo# Cfwzf ghwo, ow ovzyow bfbiyow jo nyvpo

ftfgvzhykhb zhl phpfl, wfcjo gocwkjfyhjhw “pfwwohw‒, pokw cço wfykhb o gfczyo jo wkwzfbh5 ow

}hloyfw fwzhykhb jkyfzhbfczf hwwogkhjow à zozhlkjhjf, xvhcjo h goczykivkîço jf ghjh vb

fwzhiflfgf o gocavczo jh oiyh bvwkghl, ftfgvzhjh pflh ihcjh#



:7

7#: Mlkndz ===, Kyoc Bhkjfc f Dfh}{ Bfzhl1 yflhîöfw fczyf pyfwfczf f phwwhjo

Co Bëtkgo, o }oghlkwzh Iyvgf Jkgekcwoc fwzhiflfgf h yflhîço fczyf zoygfjoyfw jf mvzfiol f h

ihcjh, jvyhczf ow wdo~w# Phyh o bñwkgo, ow nykzow jh plhzfkh wço hcèlonow how jf zoygfjoyfw

jo fwpoyzf, nfyhcjo o }âcgvlo fczyf jvhw moybhw jf fczyfzfckbfczo, kcwfykjhw ch Kcjñwzykh

Gvlzvyhl f ghphqfw jf nfyhy nyhcjf yfcjh pfgvckèykh, hlëb jf wfnvkjoyfw mkëkw# Cow pykb÷yjkow

jo dfh}{ bfzhl, co mkb jh jëghjh jf 8;>0, ow pyfgvywoyfw jo fwzklo, h ihcjh Ilhge Whiihzd,

cço fwzh}hb lknhjow h cfcdvbh moczf jf jk}fywço xvf cço mowwf h bñwkgh, fwpfgkmkghbfczf o

yoge bhkw oiwgvyo, gykhjo poy flfw#

Hkcjh co Bëtkgo, co ihgewzhnf97 jow wdo~w ogoyykjow, o nvkzhyykwzh Hjykhc Wbkzd yflfbiyh h

oyknfb opfyèykh jh ihcjh, chw èyfhw pfyknowhw jf Bhcgdfwzfy f Lk}fypool, ch Kcnlhzfyyh# Fwzh

yhkq gocwkjfyhjh dvbkljf, wfnvcjo o bñwkgo, pojf gykhy moyzf lknhîço gob ow mçw jf phâwfw fb

jfwfc}ol}kbfczo, gobo o py÷pyko Bëtkgo# Wbkzd hgyfjkzh xvf h bñwkgh wfah vbh }èl}vlh jf

fwghpf, vbh mvnh phyh ow pyoilfbhw wogkhkw jo gozkjkhco xvf hwwolhb h av}fczvjf jfwzhw

chîöfw# Zhl hmkybhzk}h nhcdh yfmoyîo chw phlh}yhw jf Gdykwzf $9007+ f Lfço $8;;>+ xvhcjo

hbiow gkzhb o jfwgoczfczhbfczo jh av}fczvjf jf ëpoghw phwwhjhw, xvf fglojkv ch yfifljkhbvwkghl omfyfgkjh co fwzklo dfh}{ bfzhl#

O jfzhldf ë xvf, ho hchlkwhybow o jogvbfczèyko, fwzh oyknfb opfyèykh jklvkv"wf gob o zfbpo#

Fb Fhyl{ Jh{w, o lâjfy Wzf}f Dhyykw gobfczh xvf h ihcjh zkcdh hpfchw vb úckivw phyh hw

gvyzhw zvycáw, f wobfczf vb yohjkf phyh hvtklkè"low# Co mklbf, oiafzo jf fwzvjo, h fxvkpf ë

gobpowzh poy >0 mvcgkocèykow, gob vb Iofkcn >=> phyh zyhcwpoyzhy zojow ow fc}ol}kjow, hlëb

jo fxvkphbfczo, bvcjo hmoyh# Zojh fwzh bvjhcîh pojf fwzhy hwwogkhjh à mkjflkjhjf jow mçw,hzyflhjh à gobpfzácgkh bvwkghl jo nyvpo, xvf wfnvf mkflbfczf àw yhâqfw jh Cf~ ^h}f om

Iykzkwd Dfh}{ Bfzhl , gkzhjhw poy Gdykwzf $9007+#

Fb ghjh phâw }kwkzhjo, o jogvbfczèyko hpyfwfczh zyfgdo jf jfzfybkchjh ghcîço# Co Bëtkgo, h

fwgoldkjh mok ^hwzfj [fhyw, jo jkwgo Wobf~dfyf kc Zkbf, jf 8;4=# H lfzyh, fwgykzh poy Hjykhc

Wbkzd, hioyjh h }kjh fb zvycáw, hw ghcwhzk}hw }khnfcw f hw whvjhjfw jh zfyyh chzhl# Ho xvf

97 Loghl ocjf h ihcjh jfwghcwh, cow mvcjow jo phlgo, f zhbiëb wf yfñcf gob bfbiyow jh fxvkpf f goc}kjhjow#



::

phyfgf, hw fwgoldhw jf ghcîöfw cço wohb gokcgkjfczfw, dè vb kczfyfwwf fbivzkjo phyh zhl

opîço# Fb jfzfybkchjo bobfczo co jogvbfczèyko, Wbkzd mhlh avwzhbfczf woiyf hw

jkmkgvljhjfw jhw zvycáw, f o xvhczo flhw pojfb ftknky jow bñwkgow#

]olzhcjo how pykb÷yjkow jo fwzklo bvwkghl, Gdykwzf $9007+ gkzh avwzhbfczf hw zvycáw gobo

moybh jf pyophnhîço jh bñwkgh hpyfwfczhjh pflhw ihcjhw, h gdhcgf jf zfyfb o zyhihldo

yfgocdfgkjo cço wobfczf poy hbknow, }kqkcdow f myfxüfczhjoyfw jf ihy, bhw mçw jf dfh}{

bfzhl fwphldhjow pflo nloio zfyyfwzyf# Fwzh ë bhkw vbh bvjhcîh jf gobpoyzhbfczo jh ihcjh

Kyoc Bhkjfc1 gob o phwwhy jow hcow, h cozoykfjhjf gdfnov h phzhbhyfw zço flf}hjow xvf cfb

flfw bfwbow gocwfnvfb lkjhy mhgklbfczf gob h mhbh#

Vb ftfbplo, co jogvbfczèyko, ogoyyf ch Hynfczkch, hkcjh chw phlh}yhw jf Hjykhc Wbkzd# Fb

vb jow phâwfw ocjf ow mçw jh ihcjh wço bhkw mfy}oyowow, o bñwkgo yfglhbh xvf cfcdvb jflfw

pojf whky jo dozfl# Ghwo o mhîhb, wfyço pfywfnvkjow pflh bkyâhjf hghbphjh ch poyzh jo

pyëjko5 ao}fcw hcwkowow poy hvz÷nyhmow, mozow, ov hlnvbh ovzyh yfgoyjhîço jh pyotkbkjhjf

gob ow âjolow# H bñwkgh fwgoldkjh cfwzf phâw ë Mfhy om zdf Jhye , gvao zfbh mhlh woiyf o bfjo

jo fwgvyo, ch }fyjhjf vbh yfmfyácgkh ho jfwgocdfgkjo, hxvklo xvf monf jh whifjoykh dvbhch#

Co goczftzo jh “pykwço dozflfkyh‒, o jkyfzoy fwgoldfv h bñwkgh phyh gobphyhy ow mçw àfwgvykjço, gvahw hzkzvjfw jflfw gob ow âjolow pojfb }hykhy jhw bhkw wkbplfw àw bhkw

hnyfwwk}hw#

Lhyhkh $9007+ oiwfy}h xvf o bojo jf }fy o bvcjo, hw hpyfgkhîöfw jf oyjfb boyhl f

}hloyhzk}h, ow jkmfyfczfw gobpoyzhbfczow wogkhkw f bfwbo hw powzvyhw goypoyhkw wço hwwkb

pyojvzow jf vbh dfyhcîh gvlzvyhl ‗ yfwvlzhjo jh opfyhîço jf vbh jfzfybkchjh gvlzvyh# Co

ghwo jf Mlkndz === , xvhwf zojow ow nfwzow jow mçw pojfb wfy gocwkjfyhjow vckmoybfw# O}fwzvèyko, hw powfw, ow gobpoyzhbfczow, ow zfwzfbvcdow xvf yhzkmkghb o hboy pflo nyvpo,

fcmkb, zvjo wf yfpfzf h ghjh phâw }kwkzhjo# H gvlzvyh jo dfh}{ bfzhl, hxvflh xvf pyfnh h

lkifyjhjf jf ftpyfwwço hwwogkhjh à kjkowwkcgyhwkh jo kcjk}âjvo, xvf hghih moybhcjo vbh

opkckço golfzk}h, pyf}hlfgf# Zhl gobpoyzhbfczo ë moyzhlfgkjo gob jogvbfczèykow, pyojvzow jh

Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl, xvf fchlzfgfb nyhcjfw ihcjhw jf dfh}{ bfzhl, gobo o ghwo jo oiafzo

hchlkwhjo#



:6

Gdykwzf $9007+ gocwkjfyh h gkzhîço ho jfbúcko, jfczyf ovzyhw pyèzkghw polábkghw chw lfzyhw jf

dfh}{ bfzhl, gobo hzyhzk}h phyh ow ao}fcw mçw, cow hcow jf 8;40, xvhcjo o fwzklo fmfzk}hbfczf

nhcdh}h moyîh# À ëpogh, o kczvkzo fyh pyo}oghy o hwgo chw pfwwohw, yfgoyyfcjo ho gocgfkzo jf

nyozfwgo, hpyfwfczhjo poy Wojyë f Phk}h $900:+# Wfnvcjo ow hvzoyfw, pojf wfy gocwkjfyhjo

gobo nyozfwgo o jfw}ko jf vbh coybh ftpyfwwk}h jobkchczf, wfah yfmfyfczf h gowzvbfw ov h

goc}fcîöfw gvlzvyhkw# Phyh ow hjolfwgfczfw hpyfgkhjoyfw jf dfh}{ bfzhl o}hgkochy o jkhio f

hioyjhy hwwvczow gobo h boyzf gocmyoczhykhb vbh wogkfjhjf xvf cço hzfcjkh how hcwfkow

jflfw#

Mhlhy woiyf hw fcfynkhw cfnhzk}hw jo vck}fywo, woiyf zfbhw dfzfyojotow, fthlzhcjo o lhjo

bkwhczyopo jh dvbhckjhjf hkcjh fwzè fb }onh phyh yflhzk}h phygflh jhw ihcjhw jf dfh}{bfzhl# Bhw cço phyh o Kyoc Bhkjfc, xvf aè yobpfv gob fwzh powzvyh dè hcow# Bfwbo xvf hw

ghphw jow jkwgow goczfcdhb vbh fwpëgkf jf qvbik, o bhwgozf Fjjkf, jfwjf o pykbfkyo èlivb,

lhcîhjo fb 8;40# Bfwbo xvf, hkcjh ch jëghjh jf 8;40, zfcdh lhcîhjo Zdf Cvbify om zdf

Ifhwz , gvah ghph ë gobpowzh jf Fjjkf vzklkqhcjo o jkhio gobo bhykocfzf# Jfwjf hxvflh

ëpogh, h bhkoykh jhw lfzyhw jh ihcjh mhlh}hb woiyf dkwz÷ykh hczknh f pfywochnfcw mhbowow xvf

mkqfyhb phyzf jflh, gobo Nfcnkw Edhb f Hlfthcjyf, o Nyhcjf# H phyzky jow hcow jf 8;;0, h

wviafzk}kjhjf jo gobpowkzoy jkzh o yvbo jh ghcîço jh ihcjh, bhw fb cfcdvb bobfczo gob}këw pyomhco#

Co jogvbfczèyko, h jfwpyfogvphîço jow bñwkgow gob yflhîço h hlnvbhw powzvyhw

gocwkjfyhjhw bhyghczfw co dfh}{ bfzhl ë f}kjfcgkhjh xvhcjo flfw fwzço co Bëtkgo# Ho

}kwkzhyfb h Pkyébkjf jo Wol, h zfygfkyh bhkoy jo bvcjo, zojow hjfczyhb à gocwzyvîço,

jfwgfcjo bhkw jf 90 bfzyow# Co loghl, h ihcjh phyzkgkph jf vb gvlzo fwpkykzvhl# Fb

gobphcdkh jf vb thbç, o nyvpo mkgh fb gâygvlo, fcxvhczo géczkgow jf phq f pyowpfykjhjf wçoftfgvzhjow# Xvhcjo o lâjfy fwpkykzvhl omfyfgf o “mono whnyhjo‒ ho ihzfykwzh Ckgeo Bgiyhkc, o

bñwkgo hnyhjfgf o bobfczo f yfqh pflh whñjf f phq jow hbknow, flf}hcjo o jfwfao h wvpowzhw

fcfynkhw powkzk}hw, hlk pyfwfczfw kbhzfykhlbfczf#

Cço dè chjh jf whzéckgo, ilhwmábkgo ov polábkgo fb zhl gobpoyzhbfczo# Ch }fyjhjf, o xvf

pfygfifbow ë o bobfczo yflknkowo jo nyvpo, xvf, hgkczowhbfczf ov cço, o jfkth zyhcwphyfgfy

hifyzhbfczf, ho mhqfy phyzf jo jogvbfczèyko# Cço ftkwzf bhkw h cfgfwwkjhjf jf gdoghy h



:=

plhzfkh, gobo hkcjh ogoyyf co fwzklo ilhge bfzhl, f xvf pojf wfy hwwogkhjo ho zfhzyo jf

Hczockc Hyzhvj# Pfygfif"wf vb jfwghwo jow py÷pykow bñwkgow phyh gob vb jow gowzvbfw

bhkw zyhjkgkochkw f kczogè}fkw co fwzklo dfh}{ bfzhl1 cço jfbocwzyhy h iocjhjf, hzyh}ëw jh

fwpkykzvhlkjhjf, kcjfpfcjfczfbfczf jo xvf wf hgyfjkzh#

Bhw cfb zojhw hw yhâqfw wf pfyjfb poy gobplfzo# Co Iyhwkl, o jogvbfczèyko hpyfwfczh o

yflhzo jf Bhygow Bozolo, 76 hcow# Flf wf gocwkjfyh o mç cñbfyo vb jh ihcjh# Gob 8=9

zhzvhnfcw pflo goypo, zojhw dobfchnfhcjo ow âjolow kcnlfwfw, flf boczov vbh knyfah, co

kczfykoy jf Wço Phvlo, phyh pyomfzkqhy h jovzykch Kyoc Bhkjfc# Gdhbhjh “Yflknkço Bhkjfc‒, o

mç yfhlkqh wfyböfw kcwpkyhjow chw lfzyhw jo nyvpo# Ho gkzhy Hczockc Hyzhvj, Nhlfco $9006+

yf}flh xvf o zfhzy÷lono wvnfykh o vwo jf flfbfczow bènkgow xvf dkpcozkqhwwfb o fwpfgzhjoy#Xvfb hwwkwzf ho jogvbfczèyko pojf wfczky"wf gdoghjo gob h “ovwhjkh‒ jf vb dobfb xvf

boczh vbh knyfah fb dobfchnfb h bñwkgow jf dfh}{ bfzhl, co phâw ocjf dè o bhkoy cñbfyo

jf ghz÷lkgow co bvcjo#

F o gdoxvf pojf hvbfczhy wf xvfb hwwkwzf ë hjfpzo h hlnvbh yflknkço, gobo o gykwzkhckwbo f

o kwlhbkwbo# Zhl}fq h kczfcîço jo jkyfzoy wfykh h jf jfbocwzyhy o mhchzkwbo jf hlnvcw

wfnvkjoyfw jh ihcjh# Bhw o kczvkzo jf gdoghy zhbiëb wf mhq pyfwfczf# Co mklbf, Bozolo jkqxvf h knyfah hiykv fwphîo phyh ovzyhw }kwöfw woiyf gvlzvyh f fwpkykzvhlkjhjf# Bhw ckcnvëb ch

gykhîço jo jogvbfczèyko pyogvyov hlnvb yfpyfwfczhczf jo glfyo iyhwklfkyo phyh mhlhy woiyf o

hwwvczo# Mkgov hpfchw h }fywço xvf kczfyfwwh ho mklbf, hxvflh xvf gocmkybh h moyîh jh ihcjh,

yfgocmknvyhcjo hzë w÷lkjow gocgfkzow yflknkowow#

Ovzyh ghyhgzfyâwzkgh mvcjhbfczhl xvf gobpöf o gfcèyko jo dfh}{ bfzhl ë o bowd, gkzhjo poy

Lfço $900>+# Wfnvcjo o hvzoy, zyhzh"wf jh bhcfkyh jo dfhjihcnfy

9:

jhcîhy# Fcxvhczo h ihcjhzogh, o pñilkgo, fcwhcjfgkjo, wf jfihzf fb vb nyhcjf gâygvlo, jf moybh ghzèyzkgh# Mfykbfczow

pojfb wvynky, bhw cço hgoczfgfb iyknhw fmfzk}hw ‗ o phyhjoto jh }kolácgkh phgâmkgh# Co

mklbf, hw kbhnfcw mfkzhw ch plhzfkh yf}flhb vb pñilkgo hwwhq fczvwkhwbhjo, mflkq gob h

hpyfwfczhîço, bhw cfcdvb bowd ë yfnkwzyhjo# Hlnvcw mhzoyfw pojfb yfwvlzhy ch hvwácgkh,

gobo h mhlzh jf fwphîo phyh h jhcîh, aè xvf zojow ow wdo~w wço bhyghjow pflh nyhcjf

9: Cobfcglhzvyh jo mç jf dfh}{ bfzhl# H hlgvcdh kcnlfwh ë ihwfhjh co bo}kbfczo xvf flf ftfgvzh gob hghifîh, ho ihlhcîè"lh myfcfzkghbfczf fcxvhczo fwgvzh h bñwkgh#



:>

pyfwfcîh jf mçw, ov bfwbo pflo jfwkczfyfwwf jo jkyfzoy fb zyhcwbkzky zhl kbhnfb#

Jf vbh moybh ov jf ovzyh, cço dè hxvflh lknhîço fczyf dfh}{ bfzhl, yfifljkh f }kolácgkh#

Zojhw hw gfchw ghpzvyhjhw ch plhzfkh jfbocwzyhb h hlfnykh jo mç fb fwzhy hlk f gobpoy o

gfcèyko# Ow bhkw fvm÷ykgow mkghb à myfczf, fwpyfbkjow f hcwkowow poy hlnvbh yfhîço jow

bñwkgow gob yflhîço h flfw# Xvhcjo h gébfyh ghpzh xvhlxvfy vb, kcjfpfcjfczfbfczf jh

powkîço co pñilkgo, o mç wvynf ghczhcjo h bñwkgh ftfgvzhjh chxvflf bobfczo jh ihcjh, cço

kbpoyzh xvhl wfah, cfb fb xvhl phâw fwzfah# Mçw jf Kyoc Bhkjfc wço mhbowow poy gocdfgfyfb

pyhzkghbfczf zojhw hw lfzyhw, bfwbo xvf cço wfahb ghczhjhw ch lâcnvh pèzykh jflfw#

Ch Golúbikh, o mklbf hjxvkyf gfyzo gvcdo jf wvwpfcwf# O }oghlkwzh Iyvgf Jkgekcwoc mhlhwoiyf h powzvyh hnyfwwk}h jow polkgkhkw jhxvflf phâw, xvf cço záb gocjfwgfcjácgkh gob ow mçw

jh ihcjh# O jogvbfczhykwzh fwgoldfv zfwzfbvcdow jf mçw phyh wvwzfczhy hw mhlhw jo ghczoy5

flfw yfglhbhb jh mhlzh jf lkifyjhjf co phâw, jh }kolácgkh polkgkhl, f o ÷jko xvf ow bklkzhyfw

cvzyfb pflo dfh}{ bfzhl# Cço oiwzhczf o jkyfzoy fwgoldf h myhwf jf vb mç golobikhco phyh

yfhmkybhy h pvahcîh jo fwzklo bvwkghl1 “O dfh}{ bfzhl hkcjh fwzè }k}o(‒, jkq o ao}fb#

H bñwkgh fwgoldkjh phyh gobpoy h phwwhnfb jh ihcjh ch Golúbikh ë “Yvc zo zdf Dkllw‒, jf8;49, xvf hioyjh h kc}hwço coyzf"hbfykghch fb zfyyhw kcjânfchw, f h bhzhcîh nfyhjh h phyzky

jhlk# Co yfmyço o }oghlkwzh wvnfyf h mvnh jow âcjkow phyh hw boczhcdhw, co kczvkzo jf whl}hyfb

wvhw }kjhw# H fwgoldh jh ghcîço co phâw wvl"hbfykghco pojf wfy vbh yfwpowzh jh ihcjh phyh o

zyhzhbfczo jow polkgkhkw gob ow mçw golobikhcow#

7#6 O jkwgvywo jo dfh}{ bfzhl goczfbpoyécfo

Gdykwzf f Lfço jkwwfyhb woiyf o mhchzkwbo f yhjkghlkwbo xvf gfyghb ow mçw jo fwzklo dfh}{

bfzhl# Wfnvcjo ow hvzoyfw, cço wço wobfczf hpyfgkhjoyfw, bhw wfnvkjoyfw xvf gocwobfb

h}kjhbfczf zvjo xvf ë omfyfgkjo woiyf hxvflf nyvpo xvf hjbkyhb# O jogvbfczèyko hchlkwhjo

yfnkwzyh h pykbfkyh hpyfwfczhîço jh ihcjh ch Gowzh Ykgh, ch gkjhjf jf Whc Aowf, phyh 9> bkl

pfwwohw ‗ vb yfgoyjf ch Hbëykgh Lhzkch#



:4

Mknvyh 91 mçw jh ihcjh yfvckjow fb Gowzh YkghMoczf1 jogvbfczèyko Mlkndz ===

O ihzfykwzh Ckgeo Bgiyhkc jkwgvywh woiyf h co}kjhjf, jfzhldfw jo phâw f woiyf h powwkiklkjhjfjf zoghy phyh ow mçw# Kbpoyzhczf ë h ftpyfwwço vzklkqhjh poy flf, xvhcjo wf yfmfyf h hpyfwfczhy

zojo o goczftzo fc}olzo ch ihcjh how gowzh"ykxvfcdow1 “Bhkjfckqhy‒ $wkg+# H bhcfkyh gobo ë

jkzh pflo bñwkgo jè h fczfcjfy xvf zyhzh"wf jf vbh fwpëgkf jf jovzykchîço, ftfgvzhy bñwkghw

ho }k}o phyh vbh plhzfkh fcwhcjfgkjh f mhcèzkgh pflo nyvpo pojf moyzhlfgfy ow lhîow fczyf ow

fc}ol}kjow, pykcgkphlbfczf phyh ow mçw#

Poy bhkw kcnácvh xvf powwh phyfgfy, h ftpyfwwço vwhjh poy Bgiyhkc yfbfzf h vb gocgfkzojfmfcjkjo poy hchlkwzhw jh Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl, gkzhjow poy Yogdh1 o jf xvf o mfcúbfco ë ghphq

jf pyopoygkochy gvlzvyh àw bhwwhw, jf moybh jfbogyèzkgh# Phyh flfw, h Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl

wogkhlkqh h kcmoybhîço, ho bfwbo zfbpo fb xvf fjvgh f fcwfah hgfwwo how ifcw jh

gocwkjfyhjh “hlzh‒ gvlzvyh# Ckgeo Bgiyhkc cço xvfy jkqfy xvf wvh ihcjh fwzfah co zopo

gvlzvyhl, bhw hghih poy jfcvcgkhy o jfwfao jf xvf ow mçw powwhb vwvmyvky jh bñwkgh

hpyfwfczhjh ho }k}o f, powzfykoybfczf, gocwvbky bhkw pyojvzow jh ihcjh, zhkw gobo jkwgow,

yfpoyzhnfcw, }âjfow f bhzfykhkw pyobogkochkw#



:;

O pyogfwwo jf Bhkjfckqhîço ogoyyf xvhcjo ow mçw, cf÷mkzow fb hpyfwfczhîço jo nyvpo, }ço ho

wdo~ f záb hw ftpfgzhzk}hw goyyfwpocjkjhw# H phyzky jhlk, o gocwvbo wvpyhgkzhjo mhzhlbfczf

}hk ogoyyfy# Fwzh m÷ybvlh pfypfzvh cço wobfczf h yflhîço jow mçw gob h ihcjh Kyoc Bhkjfc,

bhw gob o dfh}{ bfzhl fb wk# Aè xvf ow kcnlfwfw cço wço ow ñckgow yfpyfwfczhczfw jo fwzklo, h

gvykowkjhjf jfwzf mç yfwvlzhyè fb co}hw jfwgoifyzhw co bvcjo jo fwzklo, gocwolkjhcjo o pojfy

jf vb bfyghjo bvwkghl#

Fb Zoyoczo, co Ghchjè, o ñlzkbo wdo~ jh zvycá, o ihktkwzh Wzf}f Dhyykw jkq xvf hkcjh fwzço

fb hzk}kjhjf pflo hboy à bñwkgh ftfgvzhjh poy flfw f pflh jk}fywço xvf flh pyopoygkoch# Flf

gobplfzh hmkybhcjo xvf o zyhihldo ftfgvzhjo wfnvf ow yvbow jkzhjow pflh ihcjh, wfb omh}oyfgkbfczo jf bâjkhw, gobo o yèjko# H myhwf wfnvkczf ë jkzh pflo nvkzhyykwzh Ahckge Nfyw,

co mklbf1 “wf }ogá nowzh jf Kyoc Bhkjfc, Jfvw zf hifcîof# Wf cço nowzh### Jfvw zf hifcîof

zhbiëb‒( Bhkw vbh }fq h bhkoy fczkjhjf yflknkowh jh Zfyyh ë gkzhjh jf moybh powkzk}h, hlno

xvf }hk goczyh ow gowzvbfw jf bñwkgow jo fwzklo bvwkghl cow hcow jf 8;40, gkzhjow poy

Gdykwzf#

H myhwf jo nvkzhyykwzh zhbiëb yf}flh vb wvpowzo jfwghwo jh ihcjh gob h powwkiklkjhjf jfhcnhykhy co}ow mçw# Phyh xvfb hjbkyh o zyhihldo jow bñwkgow, fwzh powzvyh ilhqë moyzhlfgf ow

lhîow fczyf nyvpo f mçw# Kwzo poyxvf Nfyw jfkth h fczfcjfy xvf flfw cço fwzço kczfyfwwhjow fb

}fcjfy bkldöfw, lozhy fwzèjkow f hzyhky hzfcîço jh bâjkh# Zvjo hgoczfgf chzvyhlbfczf,

avwzhbfczf pflh mkjflkjhjf jo nyvpo, ho bhczfy hw yhâqfw bvwkghkw kczhgzhw, f jow mçw xvf,

bfwbo wfb h oiyknhîço, gocwobfb zvjo hxvklo xvf ë yflhgkochjo ho Kyoc Bhkjfc#

Jf hgoyjo gob o }oghlkwzh Iyvgf Jkgekcwoc, h ihcjh pojf zfy h mvcîço jf hl}kwwhyfkyh# Comklbf, flf jkq xvf Kyoc Bhkjfc fwzè “ch poczh jh lhcîh‒, xvhczo h fwphldhy vbh bfcwhnfb jf

hlno xvf wfah yfhl, hlno fb xvf ow mçw powwhb hgyfjkzhy wfb wf jfgfpgkochy# F h bñwkgh

ftfgvzhjh pflo nyvpo nhyhczf zhl wfczkbfczo# Zdobpwoc gkzh h mhlègkh jo kczfychlkwbo gobo

vbh kczfypyfzhîço fxvk}oghjh jf Hjoyco f Doyefdfkbfy# Ow hvzoyfw pkocfkyow ch hcèlkwf jh

Kcjñwzykh Gvlzvyhl vwhb h wvpyhgkzhjh ftpyfwwço gobo ghyhgzfyâwzkgh jfwzh Kcjñwzykh xvf

wvyzkyço jfzfybkchjo fmfkzo xvhcjo hiwoy}kjhw f hwwkbklhjhw pflo kcjk}âjvo, co jfgoyyfy jf

wvh }kjh#



60

Poy bhkw xvf Zdobpwoc jkwgoyjf ë powwâ}fl hmkybhy, xvhcjo ho mkb jo jogvbfczèyko, xvf h

ftpfykácgkh jf ky h vb wdo~ jo Kyoc Bhkjfc pojf wfy}ky jf ftfbplo phyh zhl ftpyfwwço# Ghwo

o jkwgvywo mkchl jf Jkgekcwoc fwzfah goyyfzo, ow mçw lf}hb gocwkno h wfcwhîço jf hjyfchlkch f

fboîço nfyhjhw co jfgoyyfy jhw hpyfwfczhîöfw jo nyvpo, o xvf pojf wfy nvhyjhjo ch bfb÷ykh

poy hcow# O myhnbfczo bvwkghl fwgoldkjo phyh fcgfyyhy h zvycá pfyzfcgf à ghcîço Dhllo~fj if

Zd{ Chbf, zhbiëb jf 8;49# H lfzyh hioyjh ow ñlzkbow bobfczow jf vb dobfb, hczfw jf wfy

fcmoyghjo# O zyfgdo mkchl jh bñwkgh pojf wfy vzklkqhjo gobo vb zyènkgo mkchl phyh h Kcjñwzykh

Gvlzvyhl f h wogkfjhjf jf gocwvbo1 “^dfc {ov eco~ zdhz {ovy zkbf kw glowf hz dhcj/ Bh{if

zdfc {ov.ll ifnkc zo vcjfywzhcj/ Lkmf jo~c zdfyf kw avwz h wzyhcnf kllvwkoc‒#96

96 Zyhjvîço lk}yf1 Xvhcjo }ogá whif xvf wvh doyh $jh boyzf+ fwzè py÷tkbh/ zhl}fq fczço }ogá gobfgf h fczfcjfy/h }kjh hxvk fbihkto ë hpfchw vbh fwzyhcdh klvwço#



68

6 GOCGLVWÇO

Ho hplkghy o gocdfgkbfczo zf÷ykgo hpyfwfczhjo cow jokw pykbfkyow ghpâzvlow, co jogvbfczèyko

Mlkndz === , jh ihcjh jf dfh}{ bfzhl Kyoc Bhkjfc, ë powwâ}fl hmkybhy xvf o nyvpo gocwfnvkv

hjfczyhy ho wëgvlo 98 gob yfwxvâgkow jh kjfolonkh pyopowzh cow pykb÷yjkow jo bo}kbfczo

bvwkghl# Fczyfzhczo, jfzfybkchjhw powzvyhw hwwvbkjhw pflh ihcjh, f}kjfcgkhjhw co mklbf,

goyyoioyhb h kjfkh jf xvf o Kyoc Bhkjfc bhczëb wvhw yhâqfw bvwkghkw kczhgzhw, bhw zojh h

“wvi}fywço‒ f “pyomhchîço‒ bhyghczfw jf ihcjhw goczfbpoyécfhw ho nyvpo, gobo ]fcob,

Wlh{fy f Dflldhbbfy, cço bhkw fwzço pyfwfczfw#

Gobphyhcjo o Kyoc Bhkjfc jh jëghjh jf 8;40 gob o nyvpo hzvhl o xvf pyf}hlfgf ë h yflhîçofczyf ow bñwkgow f ow mçw# F zhl goc}â}ko cvcgh zf}f wvpoyzf fmfzk}o jh bâjkh yhjkomúckgh, hw

ghcîöfw fyhb bvkzo locnhw phyh wfyfb ftfgvzhjhw# H bâjkh zflf}kwk}h phwwov h }hloykqhy o

nyvpo jfpokw xvf o wvgfwwo mok hlghcîhjo poy flfw# Jf hgoyjo gob o fbpyfwèyko jow kcnlfwfw,

Yoc Wbhll~ooj, o xvf yfwzh}h à ihcjh fyh ftfgvzhy zvycáw ‗ kyfb ho pñilkgo f bowzyhyfb o

zyhihldo ho }k}o# Jfwzh moybh ow lhîow moyhb wf moyzhlfgfcjo#

Ë mhzo xvf, jfwjf o kcâgko, Kyoc Bhkjfc wfbpyf pfyzfcgfv à Kcjvwzykhl Gvlzvyhl# Cço wobfczf onyvpo, bhw zojo o dfh}{ bfzhl mhq phyzf jfwzf mfcúbfco wogkhl xvf ftployh o gocwvbo,

bhwwkmkgh ow pfcwhbfczow, pyopoygkochcjo ho kcjk}âjvo cfgfwwkjhjfw wvpëymlvhw, jkyfgkochjhw

how hcwfkow f wocdow jo dobfb# Fczyfzhczo, poy wfy gocwkjfyhjo bhljkzo, poy mlfyzhy

hifyzhbfczf gob o lhjo oiwgvyo jh }kjh f jh boyzf, o fwzklo bvwkghl mkgh à bhynfb jfwzh

Kcjñwzykh# Mhq phyzf jflh, bhw xvfb gocwobf ow pyojvzow nfyhjow pflo dfh}{ bfzhl cço

hgyfjkzh xvf fwzè co goczftzo jh bhckpvlhîço ftplkghjh poy Hjoyco, Doyefdfkbfy f

Zdobpwoc#

O jogvbfczèyko ftplkgkzh bobfczow fb xvf h kjfolonkh jo dfh}{ bfzhl, powzvlhjh cow

pykb÷yjkow f hpyfwfczhjh poy Gdykwzf f Lfço, ë pyfzfykjh# Cow phygow bobfczow jf lknhîço jo

fwzklo gob h yflknkço, o xvf wf pfygfif ë o lhjo fwpkykzvhl jow bñwkgow }olzhjo phyh fcfynkhw

powkzk}hw, fwphldhcjo bfcwhnfcw jf phq ‗ gobo cow yfnkwzyow ch Pkyébkjf jo Wol $Bëtkgo+, f

hw phlh}yhw jo nvkzhyykwzh Ahckge Nfyw, ho pfjky xvf Jfvw hifcîof xvfb hwwkwzf ho mklbf,

nowzhcjo ov cço jh bñwkgh ftfgvzhjh pflh ihcjh# Powzvyh fwzh gocjfchjh pflh nyhcjf bhkoykh



69

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gob ow mçw# Fb }èykow bobfczow hw hynvbfczhîöfw kbpowzhw pflow bñwkgow f bfbiyow jh

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ë o mhzoy pyfpocjfyhczf co wvgfwwo jo nyvpo, xvf cço goyyfwpocjf bhkw àw ftpfgzhzk}hw jf vb

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wfb fthnfyow dfjockwzhw ov hioyjhnfb jf zfbhw polábkgow ‗ fb }onh hkcjh cow jkhw hzvhkw,

phyh ovzyhw ihcjhw jf dfh}{ bfzhl#

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oiafzo jf fwzvjo# Co jfgoyyfy jh hcèlkwf, zhbiëb mok powwâ}fl fwzhiflfgfy hchlonkh phwwâ}fl jf

co}o fwzvjo1 o zfhzyo wvk nfcfykw jf Hczockc Hyzhvj gob o ilhge bfzhl, o wvinácfyo

fmfzk}hbfczf whzéckgo, vb “mkldo‒ cfmhwzo jo dfh}{ bfzhl#

Zhbiëb pojf wfy vwhjo co hvtâlko jo fwzvjo woiyf o dfh}{ bfzhl gobo mfcúcfbo

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zhl hmkybhîço, pokw hnyfnhb ghyhgzfyâwzkghw zhczo jo bhkcwzyfhb gobo jo vcjfynyovcj,

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Gflzkg Myowz#

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67

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66

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