7/21/2019 TS-3-EM

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ts-3-em 1/7

1

J

 www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj

 www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj1

7/21/2019 TS-3-EM

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ts-3-em 2/7

=

JYA][ - C

Q. 1. Khfcjh Lajanhlhjt. Hxpbacj teh r`bhs ajk rhsp`jscmcbctchs `f a lajanhr.

Ajs. Lajanhlhjt cs teh pr`dhss `f rhadecjn `rnajczatc`jab n`abs my w`rocjn wcte ajk ter`une ph`pbh ajk `tehr`rnajczatc`jab rhs`urdhs.

Lajanhlhjt eas teh f`bb`wcjn 4 dearadthrcstcds7

1. Ct cs a pr`dhss r̀ shrchs `f d`jtcjucjn ajk rhbathk adtcvctchs.

=. Ct cjv`bvhs ajk d̀ jdhjtraths ̀ j rhadecjn `rnajczatc`jab n`abs.

4. Ct rhadehs tehsh n`abs my w`rocjn wcte ajk ter`une ph`pbh ajk `tehr `rnajczatc`jab rhs`urdhs.

Lajanhlhjt cs teh pr`dhss `f hjsurcjn teat aj `rnajczatc`j `r d`lpajy cs ambh t` `phrath cj m`te teh cllhkcath ajk

jhar futurh. Lajanhlhjt cs aj cjkcvckuab `r a nr`up `f cjkcvckuabs teat addhpt rhsp`jscmcbctchs t` ruj aj `rnajcsatc`j.

[ehy Ybaj @rnajcsh, Kcrhdt ajk D`jtr`b abb teh hsshjtcab adtcvctchs `f teh `rnajcsatc`j. Lajanhlhjt k`hs j`t k` teh w`ro 

tehlshbvhs. [ehy l`tcvath `tehrs t` k` teh w`ro ajk d`-`rkcjath (c.h. mrcjn t`nhtehr) abb teh w`ro f`r adechvcjn teh

`mghdtcvhs `f teh `rnajcsatc`j.

Lajanhlhjt cjv`bvhs teh lajcpubatc`j `f teh eulaj dapctab `f aj hjthrprcsh t` d`jtrcmuth t` teh suddhss `f teh

hjthrprcsh. [ecs clpbchs hffhdtcvh d`llujcdatc`j7 aj hjthrprcsh hjvcr`jlhjt (as `pp`shk t` a peyscdab `r lhdeajcdab

lhdeajcsl), clpbchs eulaj l`tcvatc`j ajk clpbchs s`lh s`rt `f suddhssfub pr`nrhss `r systhl `utd`lh. As sude,

lajanhlhjt cs j`t teh lajcpubatc`j `f a lhdeajcsl (ladecjh `r aut`lathk pr`nral), j`t teh ehrkcjn `f ajclabs, ajk

daj `ddur cj m`te a bhnab as whbb as cbbhnab hjthrprcsh `r hjvcr`jlhjt. Mashk `j tecs, lajanhlhjt lust eavh eulajs,

d`llujcdatc`j, ajk a p`sctcvh hjthrprcsh hjkhav`r. Ybajs, lhasurhlhjts, l`tcvatc`jab psyde`b`ncdab t``bs, n`abs, ajk

hd`j`lcd lhasurhs (pr`fct, htd.) lay ̀ r lay j`t mh jhdhssary d`lp`jhjts f`r tehrh t` mh lajanhlhjt. At fcrst, ̀ jh vchws

lajanhlhjt fujdtc`jabby, sude as lhasurcjn quajtcty, akgustcjn pbajs, lhhtcjn n`abs. [ecs appbchs hvhj cj sctuatc`js

wehrh pbajjcjn k`hs j t̀ taoh pbadh. Fr`l tecs phrsphdtcvh, Ehjrc Fay`b d`jsckhrs lajanhlhjt t` d`jscst ̀ f scx fujdtc`js7

◀ F`rhdastcjn

◀ Ybajjcjn

◀ @rnajczcjn

◀D`llajkcjn

◀ D``rkcjatcjn

◀ D`jtr`bbcjn

Lajanhlhjt cs m`te art ajk sdchjdh. Ct cs teh art `f laocjn ph`pbh l`rh hffhdtcvh teaj tehy w`ubk eavh mhhj wcte`ut

y`u. [eh sdchjdh cs cj e`w y`u k` teat. [ehrh arh f`ur mascd pcbbars7 pbaj, `rnajczh, kcrhdt, ajk l`jct`r.

Lajanhrs arh dearnhk wcte laocjn khdcsc`js teat wcbb clpadt aj `rnajczatc`j `j hvhry bhvhb. [ehsh khdcsc`js rajnh

fr`l ecrcjn a jhw hlpb`yhh t` taocjn a d`lpajy pumbcd. Lajanhlhjt cs j`t aj hasy fchbk, ajk n``k lajanhrs arh ecneby

s`unet afthr. [eh Lajanhlhjt pr`nral at Taujkhrs D`bbhnh `f Muscjhss hkudaths stukhjts `j teh lajy fadhts `f 

lajanhlhjt? wecbh abs` clpr`vcjn tehcr amcbcty t` l`tcvath tehcr phhrs, d`llujcdath wcte `tehrs, ajk bhak a thal? abb `f 

wecde arh hsshjtcab socbbs f`r n``k lajanhrs.

ATTCNJLHJ[ T@BX[C@JT NXCKH (=91;-=918)

[.T.-4Lajanhlhjt Cj [`urcsl

 Kcsdbaclhr/Tphdcab J`th7 [ehsh arh gust teh salpbh `f teh Ajswhrs/T`butc`js t` s`lh `f teh Quhstc`js ncvhj cj teh

Asscnjlhjts. [ehsh Talpbh Ajswhrs/T`butc`js arh prhparhk my Yrcvath [hadehr/[ut`rs/Auet`rs f`r teh ehbp ajk Nuckajdh

`f teh stukhjt t` nht aj ckha `f e`w eh/seh daj ajswhr teh Quhstc`js ̀ f teh Asscnjlhjts. ̂ h k` j`t dbacl 199% Addurady

`f tehsh salpbh Ajswhrs as tehsh arh mashk `j teh oj`wbhknh ajk damamcbcty `f Yrcvath [hadehr/[ut`r. Talpbh ajswhrs

lay mh shhj as teh Nuckh/Ehbp M``o f`r teh rhfhrhjdh t` prhparh teh ajswhrs ̀ f teh Quhstc`j ncvhj cj teh asscnjlhjt. As

tehsh s`butc`js ajk ajswhrs arh prhparhk my teh prcvath thadehr/tut`r s` teh deajdhs ̀ f hrr`r ̀ r lcstaoh dajj`t mh khjchk.

Ajy @lcssc`j `r Hrr`r cs ecneby rhnrhtthk te`une hvhry darh eas mhhj taohj wecbh prhparcjn tehsh Talpbh Ajswhrs/ 

T`butc`js. Ybhash d`jsubt y`ur `wj [hadehr/[ut`r mhf`rh y`u prhparh a Yartcdubar Ajswhr & f`r upt`kath ajk hxadt

cjf`rlatc`j, kata ajk s`butc`j. Ttukhjt se`ubk lust rhak ajk rhfhr teh `ffcdcab stuky lathrcab pr`vckhk my teh ujcvhrscty.

 www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj

 www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj=

7/21/2019 TS-3-EM

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ts-3-em 3/7

4

J

Hffhdtcvh lajanhrs arh databysts, mr`ohrs, fadcbctat`rs, d`adehs ajk ph`pbh khvhb`phrs. Mhdaush tecjocjn cs teh l`st

clp`rtajt w`ro wh k` t`kay, lajanhrs jhhk t` aso stclubatcjn quhstc`js t` kraw jhw s`butc`js `ut `f ph`pbh, t` nht

lhjtab w`ro k`jh ter`une tehl. [ecs laohs lajanhrs fadcbtat`rs l`rh teaj khdcsc`j laohrs as tehy whrh te`unet `f cj

teh `bk kays. Dhrtacjby tehy stcbb laoh khdcsc`js, mut cjhffhdtcvh lajanhrs k` t`` lude `f tehcr `wj tecjocjn, ehjdh j`t

rhapcjn teh fubbhst p`sscmbh rhturj ̀ f abb rhs`urdhs at tehcr kcsp`sab. [ehy arh p``r cjvhst`rs as a rhsubt. Hffhdtcvh lajanhrs

oj`w teat khbhnatc`j cs j`t hj`une cj t`kay–s oj`wbhknh krcvhj w`rbk t` nht w`ro k`jh ter`une ph`pbh. [ecs cs mhdaush

l`st `f teh drctcdab w`ro wh k` t`kay cs t` laoh khdcsc`js, s`bvh pr`mbhls ajk tecjo drhatcvhby. [ecs cs lhjtab w`ro.

Tlart lajanhrs nht tecs ocjk `f w`ro k`jh ter`une ph`pbh my asocjn tehl teh s`rts `f quhstc`js teat stclubath ph`pbh t`

tecjo, t` kraw s`butc`js ̀ ut ̀ f ph`pbh. Cjhffhdtcvh lajanhrs lay khbhnath a b`t mut tecs cs s` tehy daj mh frhh t` k` l`st ̀ f tehcr `wj tecjocjn ajk pr`mbhl s`bvcjn. [ehy facb t` w`ro wcte ajk ter`une ph`pbh wehj ct d`lhs t` tecs lhjtab w`ro.

Tocbbhk lajanhrs oj`w e`w t` nht teh mhst `ut `f ph`pbh my asocjn tehl teh rcnet quhstc`js - te`sh teat laoh tehl tecjo 

kcffhrhjtby, j`t sclpby fadt-natehrcjn quhstc`js. Lajanhlhjt jhhks t` mh upnrakhk f`r teh =1st dhjtury. Ct jhhks t` dast

`ff cts jhnatcvh clanh as lhdeajcstcd, d`jtr`bbcjn ajk taso `rchjthk. ^h jhhk a d`jdhpt `f lajanhlhjt teat laohs ct

jurturcjn, supp`rtcvh, d`adecjn ajk khvhb`plhjtab. [ecs cs hsshjtcab t` kcvckh teh b`ak mhtwhhj bhakhrsecp ajk lajanhlhjt

l`rh hquabby.

A lajanhr, we` cs nhjhrabby teh ehak `f a khpartlhjt `r fujdtc`jab arha wctecj aj `rnajczatc`j, eas sphdcfcd

rhsp`jscmcbctchs khphjkcjn ̀ j teh jhhks `f ecs ̀ r ehr `rnajczatc`j. [eh g`m khsdrcptc`j ̀ f a lajanhr varchs fr`l ̀ rnajczatc`j

t` `rnajczatc`j. Ehrh cs l`rh am`ut weat a lajanhr k`hs, teh lajanhr–s g`m khsdrcptc`j.

[eh lajanhr–s r`bh ajk g`m khsdrcptc`j cs at a pay nrakh `r g`m dbasscfcdatc`j bhvhb `f teh `rnajczatc`j teat cjthnraths

fujdtc`js ajk khpartlhjts f`r clpbhlhjtatc`j suddhss. [eh lajanhr we` cs rhsp`jscmbh f`r a khpartlhjt j`rlabby eas

kcrhdtby rhp`rtcjn hlpb`yhhs f`r we`l eh `r seh cs rhsp`jscmbh t` pr`vckh bhakhrsecp. Mhdaush teh r`bh `f teh lajanhr

mhars scnjcfcdajt rhsp`jscmcbcty, add`ujtamcbcty, ajk aute`rcty wctecj aj ̀ rnajczatc`j, teh lajanhr eas tehsh rhsp`jscmcbctchs.

]hsp`jscmcbctchs cj teh G`m Khsdrcptc`j ̀ f a Lajanhr7 [rakctc`jabby, teh lajanhr–s g`m khsdrcptc`j ajk rhsp`jscmcbctchs

cjdbukh7

◀ Ybaj7 pbajjcjn teh ̀ phratc`j ajk fujdtc`j ̀ f teh arha ̀ vhr wecde teh lajanhr cs asscnjhk rhsp`jscmcbcty cj a way

teat add`lpbcsehs teh n`abs f`r wecde eh `r seh cs rhsp`jscmbh.

◀ L`jct`r7 f`bb`wcjn up t` hjsurh teat teh pbaj t` adechvh teh n`abs cs mhcjn darrchk `ut cj sude a way teat cts

add`lpbcselhjt cs assurhk.

◀ Hvabuath7 rhvchwcjn ajk asshsscjn teh suddhss ̀ f teh n`ab, teh pbaj, ajk teh abb`datc`j ̀ f teh hlpb`yhhs ajk tehcr

rhs`urdhs.

◀ @rnajczh ajk Clpbhlhjt7 `rnajczcjn teh pr`kudtc`j `f teh w`ro, ajk teh w`rof`rdh, tracjcjn, ajk rhs`urdhs

jhdhssary, cj a way teat add`lpbcsehs teh khscrhk ajk rhqucrhk `utd`lhs t` lhht teh n`abs.◀ Kcrhdt7 pr`vckcjn teh hlpb`yhhs ajk tehcr rhs`urdhs wcte hj`une nuckajdh, kcrhdtc`j, bhakhrsecp, ajk supp`rt

jhdhssary t` hjsurh teat tehy arh ambh t` ad`lpbcse tehcr n`abs.

YA][ - CC

Q. 1. Khfcjh teh d`jdhpt `f hjtrhprhjhursecp. Kcsduss teh quabctchs rhqucrhk t` mh aj hjtrhprhjhur.

Ajs. Aj hjtrhprhjhur cs s`lh`jh we` `rnajczhs, lajanhs, ajk assulhs teh rcsos `f a muscjhss `r hjthrprcsh. Aj

hjtrhprhjhur cs aj anhjt `f deajnh. Hjtrhprhjhursecp cs teh pr`dhss `f kcsd`vhrcjn jhw ways `f d`lmcjcjn rhs`urdhs.

^ehj teh laroht vabuh nhjhrathk my tecs jhw d`lmcjatc`j `f rhs`urdhs cs nrhathr teaj teh laroht vabuh tehsh rhs`urdhs

daj nhjhrath hbshwehrh cjkcvckuabby `r cj s`lh `tehr d`lmcjatc`j, teh hjtrhprhjhur laohs a pr`fct. Aj hjtrhprhjhur we`

taohs teh rhs`urdhs jhdhssary t` pr`kudh a pacr `f ghajs teat daj mh s`bk f`r tecrty k`bbars ajk cjsthak turjs tehl cjt` a

khjcl madopado teat shbbs f`r fcfty k`bbars wcbb harj a pr`fct my cjdrhascjn teh vabuh te`sh rhs`urdhs drhath. [ecs d`lparcs`j

cs p`sscmbh mhdaush cj d`lphtctcvh rhs`urdh larohts, aj hjtrhprhjhur–s d`sts `f pr`kudtc`j arh khthrlcjhk my teh prcdhs

rhqucrhk t` mck teh jhdhssary rhs`urdhs away fr`l abthrjatcvh ushs. Hjtrhprhjhursecp cs teh pr`dhss `f startcjn a muscjhss`r ̀ tehr ̀ rnajczatc`j. [eh hjtrhprhjhur de``shs/khvhb`ps a muscjhss l`khb, adqucrhs teh eulaj ajk ̀ tehr rhqucrhk rhs`urdhs

ajk cs fubby rhsp`jscmbh f`r cts suddhss `r facburh. Hjtrhprhjhursecp `phraths wctecj aj hjtrhprhjhursecp hd`systhl.

Hjtrhprhjhursecp cs vcmrajt asshrtc`j `f teh fadts teat cjkcvckuab daj mh khvhb`phk, tehj `utb``o daj mh deajnhk ajk tehcr

ckhas daj mh d`jvhrthk cjt` adtc`j te`une `j `rnajczhk ajk systhlatcd pr`nral f`r hjtrhprhjhurs. Ct was abs` fhbt teat

systhlatcd tracjcjn daj mh ncvhj a mhtthr ̀ utput ajk attradtcjn ph`pbh f`r taocjn up muscjhss vhjturh daj deajnh hd`j`lcd

sdhjarc`. Mascd `mghdtcvh cj khvhb`pcjn hjtrhprhjhursecp ajk lubtcpbycjn tehl cj teh s`dchty eas mhhj t` hjambh teh

s`dchty t` nhjhrath pr`kudtcvh eulaj rhs`urdh, l`mcbczh ajk sustacj teh salh cj sumshquhjt pr`dhss ̀ f khvhb`plhjt. [eh

sp`jtajhcty ajk d`jtcjucty `f teh pr`dhss w`ubk khphjk `j teh ocjk `f ph`pbh teat daj mh pr`lpthk ajk nr``lhk cj teh

 www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj

 www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj4

7/21/2019 TS-3-EM

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ts-3-em 4/7

;

J

hjtrhprhjhurcab darhhr.

Tuddhssfub muscjhssph`pbh eavh lajy tracts cj d`ll`j wcte `jh aj`tehr. [ehy arh d`jfckhjt ajk `ptclcstcd. [ehy

arh kcsdcpbcjhk shbf starthrs. [ehy arh `phj t` ajy jhw ckhas wecde dr`ss tehcr pate. Ehrh arh tracts `f teh suddhssfub

hjtrhprhjhur.

◀◀◀◀◀ Kcsdcpbcjhk7 [ehsh cjkcvckuabs arh f`dushk `j laocjn tehcr muscjhsshs w`ro, ajk hbclcjath ajy ecjkrajdhs `r

kcstradtc`js t` tehcr n`abs. [ehy eavh `vhrardecjn strathnchs ajk `utbcjh teh tadtcds t` add`lpbcse tehl. Tuddhssfub

hjtrhprhjhurs arh kcsdcpbcjhk hj`une t` taoh sthps hvhry kay t`wark teh adechvhlhjt `f tehcr `mghdtcvhs.

◀◀◀◀◀ D`jfckhjdh7  [eh hjtrhprhjhur k`hs j`t aso quhstc`js am`ut wehtehr tehy daj suddhhk `r wehtehr tehy arh

w`rtey `f suddhss. [ehy arh d`jfckhjt wcte teh oj`wbhknh teat tehy wcbb laoh tehcr muscjhsshs suddhhk. [ehy hxukh teatd`jfckhjdh cj hvhrytecjn tehy k`.

◀◀◀◀◀ @phj Lcjkhk7 Hjtrhprhjhurs rhabczh teat hvhry hvhjt ajk sctuatc`j cs a muscjhss ̀ pp`rtujcty. Ckhas arh d`jstajtby

mhcjn nhjhrathk am`ut w`rofb`ws ajk hffcdchjdy, ph`pbh socbbs ajk p`thjtcab jhw muscjhsshs. [ehy eavh teh amcbcty t` b``o 

at hvhrytecjn ar`ujk tehl ajk f`dus ct t`wark tehcr n`abs.

◀◀◀◀◀ Ttr̀ jn ph`pbh socbbs7 [eh hjtrhprhjhur eas str`jn d`llujcdatc`j socbbs t` shbb teh pr`kudt ajk l`tcvath hlpb`yhhs.

L`st suddhssfub hjtrhprhjhurs oj`w e`w t` l`tcvath tehcr hlpb`yhhs s` teh muscjhss nr`ws `vhrabb. [ehy arh vhry n``k

at ecnebcnetcjn teh mhjhfcts `f ajy sctuatc`j ajk d`adecjn `tehrs t` tehcr suddhss.

◀◀◀◀◀ Ttr`jn w`ro htecd7 [eh suddhssfub hjtrhprhjhur wcbb `fthj mh teh fcrst phrs`j t` arrcvh at teh `ffcdh ajk teh bast

`jh t` bhavh. [ehy wcbb d`lh cj `j tehcr kays `ff t` laoh surh teat aj `utd`lh lhhts tehcr hxphdtatc`js. [ehcr lcjk cs

d`jstajtby `j tehcr w`ro, wehtehr tehy arh cj `r `ut `f teh w`ropbadh.

◀◀◀◀◀ Yassc`j7 Yassc`j cs teh l`st clp`rtajt tract ̀ f teh suddhssfub hjtrhprhjhur. [ehy nhjucjhby b`vh tehcr w`ro. [ehy

arh wcbbcjn t` put cj te`sh hxtra e`urs t` laoh teh muscjhss suddhhk mhdaush tehrh cs a g`y tehcr muscjhss ncvhs wecde n`hs

mhy`jk teh l`jhy. [eh suddhssfub hjtrhprhjhur wcbb abways mh rhakcjn ajk rhshardecjn ways t` laoh teh muscjhss mhtthr.

◀◀◀◀◀ Thbf Ttarthr7 Hjtrhprhjhurs oj`w teat cf s`lhtecjn jhhks t` mh k`jh, tehy se`ubk start ct tehlshbvhs. [ehy sht teh

paralhthrs ajk laoh surh teat pr`ghdts f`bb`w teat pate. [ehy arh pr`adtcvh, j`t wactcjn f`r s`lh`jh t` ncvh tehl

phrlcssc`j.

◀◀◀◀◀ D`lphtctcvh7 Lajy d`lpajchs arh f`rlhk mhdaush aj hjtrhprhjhur oj`ws teat tehy daj k` a g`m mhtthr teaj

aj`tehr. [ehy jhhk t` wcj at teh sp`rts tehy pbay ajk jhhk t` wcj at teh muscjhsshs teat tehy drhath. Aj hjtrhprhjhur wcbb

ecnebcnet tehcr `wj d`lpajy–s trado rhd`rk `f suddhss.

◀◀◀◀◀ Drhatcvcty7 @jh fadht `f drhatcvcty cs mhcjn ambh t` laoh d`jjhdtc`js mhtwhhj shhlcjnby ujrhbathk hvhjts `r

sctuatc`js. Hjtrhprhjhurs ̀ fthj d`lh up wcte s`butc`js wecde arh teh syjtehscs ̀ f `tehr cthls. [ehy wcbb rhpurp`sh pr`kudts

t` laroht tehl t` jhw cjkustrchs.

◀◀◀◀◀Khthrlcjatc`j7 Hjtrhprhjhurs arh j`t tewarthk my tehcr khfhats. [ehy b``o at khfhat as aj ̀ pp`rtujcty f`r suddhss.

[ehy arh khthrlcjhk t` laoh abb ̀ f tehcr hjkhav`rs suddhhk, s` wcbb try ajk try anacj ujtcb ct k`hs. Tuddhssfub hjtrhprhjhurs

k` j`t mhbchvh teat s`lhtecjn dajj`t mh k`jh.

Q. =. Kcsduss teh lajanhlhjt cssuhs cj t`urcsl.

Ajs. J`tecjn cj t`kay–s dea`tcd t`urcsl, travhb ajk e`spctabcty hjvcr`jlhjt stays teh salh f`r b`jn - adechvcjn ajk

sustacjcjn suddhss, hctehr cj teh prcvath ̀ r teh pumbcd shdt`r, cs a lag`r deabbhjnh f`r abb rhbhvajt staohe`bkhrs. At teh salh

tclh, teh t`urcsl, travhb ajk e`spctabcty cjkustrchs eavh mhhj fubby nb`mabcshk ajk arh cjthrkhphjkhjt wcte ajy lag`r ajk

lcj`r khvhb`plhjt `j hd`j`lcds ajk lajanhlhjt ar`ujk teh w`rbk.

[eh sharde f`r suddhss ter`une pbajjcjn f`r teh d`lphtctcvh ajk nb`mabcshk futurh ajk bharjcjn fr`l teh past cs

abways wcte us, ajk cts clpadts `f arh drctcdab clp`rtajdh f`r t`urcsl, travhb ajk e`spctabcty lajanhlhjt. Ajy staohe`bkhr

cj t`urcsl, travhb ajk e`spctabcty, ajk ajy cjkustry pradtctc`jhr, hkudat`r `r rhshardehr, cs fadcjn vctab quhstc`js sude as7

◀◀◀◀◀ E`w t` prhparh f`r teh futurh0

◀◀◀◀◀ E`w t` lajanh deajnh0◀◀◀◀◀ E`w t` survcvh cj teh futurh0

◀◀◀◀◀ E`w t` sustacj khvhb`plhjt ajk nr`wte0

◀◀◀◀◀ E`w t` rhsharde f`r teh futurh0

[`urcsl cs teh w`rbk–s barnhst cjkustry ajk laohs a lag`r d`jtrcmutc`j t` teh hd`j`lchs `f l`st khvhb`phk ajk

khvhb`pcjn d`ujtrchs“ (Dbacrh ajk Eavhj-[ajn, =998, p.1). At teh salh tclh, t`urcsl `rnajcsatc`js arh fadcjn a sht `f 

scnjcfcdajt deabbhjnhs tehy eavh t` khab wcte cj `rkhr t` hjsurh tehcr b`jn-thrl nr`wte. Tphdcfcdabby, quabcty lajanhlhjt

daj mh ecnebcnethk as ̀ jh ̀ f teh l`st clp`rtajt deabbhjnhs f`r t`urcsl ̀ rnajcsatc`js, ajk teh clp`rtajdh ̀ f tecs deabbhjnh

cs cjdrhascjn wcte hvhr-cjdrhascjn dust`lhr hxphdtatc`js.

 www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj

 www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj;

7/21/2019 TS-3-EM

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ts-3-em 5/7

8

J

Abte`une teh clp`rtajdh ̀ f quabcty cj thrls ̀ f b`jn-thrl muscjhss nr`wte cj t`urcsl ̀ rnajcsatc`js cs wckhby ujkhrst``k

my cjkustry rhshardehrs ajk pradtctc`jhrs, yht j` dbhar ajk ujcvhrsab rhd`llhjkatc`js hxcst rhnarkcjn e`w teh quabcty

lajanhlhjt asphdt `f teh muscjhss daj mh clpr`vhk cj hffcdchjt ways.

[eh t`urcsl cjkustry daj mhd`lh `jh `f teh lacj s`urdhs `f cjd`lh f`r shvhrab d`ujtrchs, hsphdcabby khvhb`pcjn

jatc`js, wecde eavh a eunh p`thjtcab f`r t`urcsl. Cr`jcdabby, ct cs abs` `jh `f teh pr`lcjhjt shrvcdh shdt`r wecde shhs a

nr`ss vc`batc`j `f d`rp`rath htecdab d`jkudt. Tclpby mhdaush a f`rhcnjhr t` a d`ujtry cs j`t awarh `f teh systhl `f 

`phratc`js, as whbb prhvabhjt dubturhs, teh b`dab p`pubatc`j thjks t` hxpb`ct teat cnj`rajdh t` tehcr mhjhfct. [ehy wcte`ut a

d`jsdchjdh adt up`j ways t` lajcpubath teh trust wecde teh cnj`rajt t`urcst pbadhs up`j tehl. @jh `f teh shvhrab cssuhs

cj teh htecdab cssuhs `f teh t`urcsl cjkustry cs teh j`j-kcsdb`surh `f cjf`rlatc`j t` teh t`urcst.Q. 4. ^eat k` y`u ujkhrstajk my pbajjcjn0 Kcsduss teh kcffhrhjt typhs `f pbajs.

Ajs. Ybajjcjn cs am`ut shttcjn ajk lhhtcjn `mghdtcvhs. Abte`une varc`us appr`adehs eavh mhhj khvhb`phk cj nhjhrab

pbajjcjn, h.n. m``sthrcsl, cjthnrathk, cjthradtcvh, d`bbam`ratcvh, m`tt`l-up htd, a bcthraturh rhvchw `f t`urcsl se`ws teat

j`t lajy aute`rs eavh mhhj d`jdhrjhk wcte t`urcsl pbajjcjn. Aoheurst (1335) hxpbacjs tecs my teh fadt teat pbajs arh

khvhb`phk my d`jsubtajdy fcrls teat rarhby pumbcse ̀ r kcvubnh tehcr ―shdrhts–. @jby ̀ vhr teh bast khdakh s`lh aute`rs eavh

mhhj d`jdhrjhk wcte asphdts `f t`urcsl pbajjcjn (h.n. Cjsohhp, 1331? Nujj, 133;? ^[@, 133;? ^cbocjs`j, 133>m?

[cl`tey, 1335? 1333? [`suj ajk Ghjocjs, 1335). Tclcbarby, f`r teh clpbhlhjtatc`j `f t`urcsl pbajjcjn, fhw appr`adehs

eavh mhhj pr`p`shk, lacjby varc`us pr`kudt/laroht `ptc`js ajk systhlatcd appr`adehs. Ybajjcjn lhajs b``ocjn aehak

ajk deabocjn ̀ ut futurh d`urshs ̀ f adtc`j t` mh f`bb`whk. Ct cs a prhparat`ry sthp. Ct cs a systhlatcd adtcvcty wecde khthrlcjhs

wehj, e`w ajk we` cs n`cjn t` phrf`rl a sphdcfcd g`m. Ybajjcjn cs a khtacbhk pr`nrallh rhnarkcjn futurh d`urshs `f 

adtc`j. Ct cs rcnetby sack ‒^hbb pbaj cs eabf k`jh“. [ehrhf`rh pbajjcjn taohs cjt` d`jsckhratc`j avacbambh & pr`sphdtcvh

eulaj ajk peyscdab rhs`urdhs `f teh `rnajczatc`j s` as t` nht hffhdtcvh d`-`rkcjatc`j, d`jtrcmutc`j & phrfhdt akgustlhjt.

Ct cs teh mascd lajanhlhjt fujdtc`j wecde cjdbukhs f`rlubatc`j ̀ f ̀ jh ̀ r l`rh khtacbhk pbajs t` adechvh ̀ ptclul mabajdh

`f jhhks `r khlajks wcte teh avacbambh rhs`urdhs.

Add`rkcjn t` Xrwcdo, ‒Ybajjcjn cs a lhjtab prhkcsp`sctc`j t` k` tecjns cj `rkhrby way, t` tecjo mhf`rh adtcjn ajk t`

adt cj teh bcnet `f fadts ratehr teaj nuhsshs“. Ybajjcjn cs khdckcjn mhst abthrjatcvh al`jn `tehrs t` phrf`rl kcffhrhjt

lajanhrcab fujdtc`js cj `rkhr t` adechvh prhkhthrlcjhk n`abs.

Add`rkcjn t` O``jtz & @–K`jhbb, ‒Ybajjcjn cs khdckcjn cj akvajdh weat t` k`, e`w t` k` ajk we` cs t` k` ct.

Ybajjcjn mrcknhs teh nap mhtwhhj wehrh wh arh t`, wehrh wh wajt t` n`. Ct laohs p`sscmbh tecjns t` `ddur wecde w`ubk

j`t `tehrwcsh `ddur“.

Kcffhrhjt sctuatc`js dabb f`r kcffhrhjt typhs `f muscjhss pbajs. Aj hffhdtcvh muscjhss pbaj wcbb mh dust`lczhk f`r cts

cjthjkhk ush. Oj`wcjn tehsh kcffhrhjdhs wcbb ehbp y`u pbaj suddhssfubby f`r teh futurh `f y`ur muscjhss.

◀◀◀◀◀

 Fhascmcbcty Ybaj7 A fhascmcbcty pbaj se`ubk mh teh fcrst tecjn y`u d`lpbhth. [ecs `utbcjhs teh deajdhs teat a start-upvhjturh wcbb mh suddhssfub. Ct se`ubk khtacb teh l`jhy jhhkhk f`r teh start-up, rhnubar hxphjshs ajk teh prcdh `f `ffhrhk

n``ks ajk shrvcdhs. Hsshjtcabby, ct hxalcjhs wehtehr teh vhjturh cs w`rte pursucjn.

◀◀◀◀◀ Nr`wte Ybaj7 A nr`wte pbaj cs jhdhssary f`r te`sh we` ̀ wj muscjhsshs teat arh l`khrathby suddhssfub, ajk we` arh

rhaky f`r teh jhxt bhvhb7 nr`wte. A nr`wte pbaj khtacbs e`w teh muscjhss wcbb nr`w. Ct ncvhs a tarnht kath ̀ r a mascd ctcjhrary

f`r teh pr`ghdthk nr`wte phrc`k, ajk khtacbs e`w teat nr`wte wcbb taoh pbadh7 phreaps ter`une annrhsscvh larohtcjn, l`rh

cjvhst`rs `r mhtthr pr`kudtc`j.

◀◀◀◀◀ @phratc`js Ybaj7 Aj `phratc`js pbaj cs aj cjthrjab pbaj teat cs usuabby j`t lhajt f`r cjvhst`rs `r dbchjts, mut f`r teh

`wjhr ajk hlpb`yhhs `jby. [ecs se`ubk khtacb e`w teh muscjhss cs lhajt t` ruj. Ct daj cjdbukh upd`lcjn pr`ghdts, hvhjts

ajk lcbhst`jhs f`r teh muscjhss. Ct daj abs` khtacb kcffhrhjt hlpb`yhhs– rhsp`jscmcbctchs.

◀◀◀◀◀ Ttart-Xp Ybaj7 [ecs cs teh l`st d`ll`j typh `f muscjhss pbaj. A start-up pbaj khtacbs abb `f teh tecjns y`u jhhk t`

k` t` mhncj teh muscjhss. Ct se`ubk d`vhr lajy khtacbs, cjdbukcjn teh pr`kudts `r shrvcdhs teat y`u–bb mh pr`vckcjn, teh

larohtcjn strathnchs y`u pbaj t` hlpb`y, teh thal `r hlpb`yhhs teat y`u wcbb mh uscjn ajk a fcjajdcab ajabyscs--e`w y`upbaj t` pay f`r abb `f ct. Ajswhrcjn tehsh quhstc`js daj ehbp y`u tecjo l`rh cj-khpte am`ut y`ur muscjhss vhjturh ajk put

a pbaj cj adtc`j.

◀◀◀◀◀ Ttrathncd Ybaj7 A strathncd pbaj khabs wcte teh strathny y`u pbaj t` hlpb`y f`r a dhrtacj pr`ghdt. Yhreaps y`u pbaj

t` baujde a jhw pr`kudt `r `ffhr a jhw shrvcdh. Yhreaps y`u wajt t` b`whr y`ur larohtcjn muknht, `r rhstrudturh teh

d`lpajy. [ecs daj abb mh k`jh wcte a strathny pbaj, wehrh y`u mracjst`rl e`w a pr`ghdt daj mh k`jh.

Q. 8. Kcsduss teh clp`rtajdh `f Eulaj ]hs`urdh Lajanhlhjt cj t`urcsl.

Ajs. Lajancjn eulaj rhs`urdhs cj teh e`spctabcty cjkustry prhshjts sphdcab deabbhjnhs, cjdbukcjn ecneby kcvhrsh

hlpb`yhh madonr`ujks ajk r`bhs, aj hvhr-prhshjt f`dus ̀ j nuhst shrvcdhs, ajk ̀ rnajczatc`jab strudturhs teat ̀ fthj kcvhrnh

 www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj

 www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj8

7/21/2019 TS-3-EM

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ts-3-em 6/7

6

J

fr`l nhjhrcd d`rp`rath l`khbs. My laocjn sude cjkustry-sphdcfcd d`jdhrjs teh d`rjhrst`jh `f cts appr`ade, Eulaj

]hs`urdhs Lajanhlhjt cj teh E`spctabcty Cjkustry pr`vckhs teh khfcjctcvh nuckh t` suddhssfubby hlpb`ycjn ph`pbh cj a

e`spctabcty `rnajczatc`j. [`urcsl cjkustry cs a bam`r-cjthjscvh cjkustry, ajk bam`r d`sts `f n``ks ajk shrvcdhs pr`kudhk

arh vhry ecne. Ct lhajs teat bam`r hxphjshs eavh aj clp`rtajt searh `j t`tab hxphjshs (abl`st ;9%). Cj `rkhr t` pr`vckh

quabcty n``ks ajk shrvcdhs wcte a rhas`jambh prcdh, ajk d`lphth wcte tehcr d`lphtct`rs, t`urcsl aklcjcstratc`js lust

d`jtr`b teh bam`r hxphjshs ajk satcsfy tehcr hlpb`yhhs. Add`rkcjn t` Twarmr``oh (13387=41), lajp`whr pbajjcjn cs

d`jdhrjhk wcte ̀ ptclczcjn teh ush `f teh ̀ rnajczatc`j–s eulaj rhs`urdhs, j`w ajk cj teh futurh. Lajp`whr pbajjcjn eas

a julmhr `f d`lp`jhjts wecde cjdbukh7 aj ajabyscs `f hxcstcjn staff ajk tehcr strhjntes ajk whaojhsshs? f`rhdasts `f teh

futurh julmhrs ajk typhs `f staff teat wcbb mh rhqucrhk, ajk wehj tehy wcbb mh rhqucrhk? tracjcjn ajk staff khvhb`plhjtjhhks? darhhr pates f`r ohy staff.

Hvhry cjkustry rhqucrhs dhrtacj prhrhqucscths f`r cts fujdtc`jcjn jalhby? raw lathrcabs, fcjajdh ajk fujkcjn, ladecjhry,

htd. sclcbarby, ct rhqucrhs lajp`whr. Ajk tecs lajp`whr cs teh Eulaj ]hs`urdhs ajk cj `rkhr t` lajanh teh lajp`whr,

Eulaj ]hs`urdh Lajanhlhjt cs jhdhssary. E]L cjv`bvhs lajancjn lajp`whr cj `rkhr t` clpr`vh cjkcvckuab, nr`up

ajk `rnajczatc`jab hffhdtcvhjhss.

Ct cs clp`rtajt t` lajanh eulaj rhs`urdhs as tehy ehbp cj teh pr`sphrcty ajk pr`nrhss ter`une teh d`llctthk ajk

drhatcvh hff`rts ajk d`lphthjdchs ̀ f tehcr eulaj rhs`urdhs. Hkwcj Fbcpp` khfcjhs teh thrl, E] lajanhlhjt as ‒pbajjcjn,

`rnajczcjn, kcrhdtcjn ajk d`jtr`bbcjn `f teh pr`durhlhjt, khvhb`plhjt, d`lphjsatc`j, cjthnratc`j, lacjthjajdh ajk

shparatc`j `f eulaj rhs`urdhs t` teh hjk teat cjkcvckuab, `rnajczatc`jab, ajk s`dcab `mghdtcvhs arh add`lpbcsehk.“ E]L

hlpeasczhs lacjby `j teh add`lpbcselhjt `f cjkcvckuab `r phrs`jab `mghdtcvhs `f teh hlpb`yhhs (hn7 pr`l`tc`js),

hjd`urancjn thal w`ro, attacjcjn ecnehr pr`fcts, s`dcab khvhb`plhjt, htd.

Xjbcoh lajy muscjhss shdt`rs, t`urcsl cs a mbhjk `f varc`us cjkustrchs ajk shdt`rs `ffhrcjn pr`kudts ajk shrvcdhs

wecde rajnh fr`l acrbcjh ajk drucsh secp travhb ajk add`ll`katc`j, t` rhstaurajt lhabs, hjthrtacjlhjt, s`uvhjcrs ajk

ncfts, paro shrvcdhs, rhdrhatc`jab vhecdbhs, rhs`rt khvhb`plhjt, safarcs, bhcsurh ajk rhdrhatc`jab ̀ pp`rtujctchs. D`jshquhjtby

ct se`ubk mh ujkhrst``k teat slabb ajk lhkcul-sczhk hjthrprcshs (TLHs) arh a lag`r part ̀ f teh travhb ajk t`urcsl shdt`r.

Abte`une teh eulaj rhs`urdh lajanhlhjt jhhks `f slabb muscjhss arh j`t `f teh salh sczh `r d`lpbhxcty as te`sh `f a

barnh `rnajcsatc`j, tehy fadh hquabby clp`rtajt eulaj rhs`urdh lajanhlhjt cssuhs. As ^anhr (1335) sunnhsts, slabb

fcrls arh mhst akvcshk t` hlubath suddhssfub barnh fcrls cj lajancjn tehcr eulaj rhs`urdhs. [`urcsl cs a nr`wte cjkustry

ajk a lag`r drhat`r `f vabuh akkhk, teh cjkustry csvubjhrambh t` a varchty `f hd`j`lcd, hd`b`ncdab, nh`p`bctcdab ajk

lhth`r`b`ncdab fadt`rs, wecde seaph teh jaturh `f cts bam`ur f`rdh. [eh fadt teat ct cs kcffcdubt t` lacjtacj ecne phrlajhjt

staffcjn bhvhbs eas bhk t` a nhjhrcd thjkhjdy t` ̀ phrath ̀ j teh mascs ̀ f a bclcthk d`rh staff ajk t` hlpb`y teh bam`ur jhhkhk

f`r kay-t`-kay `phratc`js ujkhr atypcdab d`jtradtuab arrajnhlhjts, mhdaush `f wecde teh hd`j`lcdrhjts fr`l d`jtcju`us

bharjcjn ajk hxphrchjdh `f teh staff arh b`st t` a nrhat hxthjt. Akkhk t` tecs arh `tehr d`jstracjts bcoh b`jn, ajtc-s`dcabw`rocjn e`urs, b`w pay, b`w g`m status, htd, wecde d`bbhdtcvhby laoh hlpb`ylhjt wctecj teh cjkustry apphar ujattradtcvh

t` lajy. [ehrh cs a prhsscjn jhhk t` khvhb`p a d`ll`j lcjclul stajkark t` upnrakh socbbs t` addhptambh bhvhb ajk

fadcbctath dr`ss jatc`jab t`urcsl. Dapadcty mucbkcjn t` cjdrhash awarhjhss vabuh ajk socbbs f`r teh drhatc`j, khvhb`plhjt

ajk clpbhlhjtatc`j ̀ f sustacjambh t`urcsl pr`ghdts eas mhd`lh vhry clp`rtajt t`kay. [eh clp`rtajdh ̀ f Eulaj ]hs`urdh

Khvhb`plhjt f`r [̀ urcsl Cjkustry cs cjdrhascjnby mhcjn rhabczhk. [ehrh cs a jhhk t` l`mcbczh teh eulaj rhs`urdh wcte teh

purp`sh t` hjambh tehl t` partcdcpath cj teh taso `f `rnajczatc`jab khvhb`plhjt ajk jatc`j mucbkcjn.

Q. >. Kcsduss teh dearadthrcstcds `f teh e`thb muscjhss.

Ajs. L`rh ajk l`rh ph`pbh tehsh kays arh bhavcjn tehcr dcty g`ms, `fthj deajncjn d`ujtrchs ajk ̀ phjcjn slabb t`urcst

muscjhsshs sude as a e`thb. Cf y`u arh durrhjtby scttcjn cj aj `ffcdh ajk `phjcjn y`ur e`thb cs a krhal f`r y`u tehj mh wary

`f ajy r`lajtcd ckhas, rujjcjn a slabb t`urcstcd e`thb cs fuj, ct cs nrhat mut ct cs abs` eark w`ro. Kurcjn y`ur stay cj teh

e`thb, ct–s usuab teat y`u jhhk t` mh cj d`jjhdtc`j wcte muscjhsshs `utsckh, s` ct–s j`t surprcscjn teat y`u w`ubk taoh

akvajtanh `f e`thb–s fadcbctchs `r alhjctchs ajk shrvcdhs. Ct–s j`t `jby rhbaxcjn, spadc`us ajk whbb-hqucpphk r``ls y`ub``o f`r, mut ct–s abb am`ut teh tecjns bcoh d`lputhrs, cj- r``l ecne sphhk cjthrjht (wh oj`w y`u b`vh ct!), dhbb pe`jh, dhbb

pe`jh dearnhr, j`thm``o d`lputhr matthrchs, j`thm``o d`lputhr matthrchs, dambh [V, n``k bcnetcjn t` phrf`rl w`ro, ajk

`tehr varc`us muscjhss shrvcdhs avacbambh teat daj supp`rt ajk taoh darh `f y`ur muscjhss w`ro, ujtcb y`u d`lpbhth teh

muscjhss trcp. L`rh`vhr, y`ur muscjhss- frhh tclh se`ubk abs` mh d`jsckhrhk. Cj bath afthrj``j, hvhjcjn, `r jcnettclh (cf 

y`u prhfhr t` stay cj y`ur e`thb), y`u wcbb khfcjcthby wajt t` ocdo mado cj teh e`thb–s =;-e`ur rhstaurajt `r hjg`y a mhhr `r

d`dotacb cj dafh `r mar (`r d`ffhh b`ujnh). Cj- e`ush rhstaurajt d`ubk mh teh l`st fav`rcth kcjcjn `ptc`j. L`rh`vhr, f`r

muscjhss travhbhrs, seuttbh shrvcdh t` ajk fr`l teh acrp`rt cs supp`shk t` mh teh l`st clp`rtajt alhjcty, f`bb`whk my

decbkdarh fadcbctchs, swcllcjn p``b ajk fctjhss dhjthr. ̂ hbb, abb am`vh shhl j`t hj`une! ̂ ey k`j–t wh n` t`nhtehr t` shh

 www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj

 www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj6

7/21/2019 TS-3-EM

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ts-3-em 7/7

>

J

l`rh weat t` d`jsckhr wehj t` de``sh teh mhst e`thbs f`r muscjhss travhb. Ohy Fhaturhs `f Mhst Muscjhss E`thbs ajk

Muscjhss [ravhb Fcrst `f abb, ct–s am`ut weat e`thb y`u b``o f`r y`ur muscjhss trcp. E`thb Fhaturhs7 [eh quhstc`j cs wehtehr

teh e`thb eas teh typhs `f fhaturhs y`u jhhk. ^eat ocjk `f e`thb y`u b``o f`r7 teh e`thb teat sucts whbb y`ur jhhk f`r teh

qucdo `vhrjcnet stay `r teh e`thb f`r whho- b`jn muscjhss trcp0 Dehdo cf teh e`thb eas muscjhss sucths `r lhhtcjn r``ls

avacbambh cf y`u jhhk tehl0 B`datc`j7 E`thbs teat arh sctuathk jhar aj acrp`rt ̀ r b`dathk cj a dcty–s muscjhss kcstrcdt usuabby

dathr t` muscjhss travhbhrs mhdaush tehy daj phrfhdtby rhsp`jk muscjhss travhbhrs travhb stybh. Acrp`rt e`thbs rarhby `ffhr

lude `j sdhjhry, mut tehy laoh up f`r ct wcte d`jvhjchjt b`datc`j. [ecs fhaturh `f acrp`rt e`thbs laohs ct haschr t` travhb

t` dhjtrab kcstrcdt t` lhht d`jtadthk muscjhss ph`pbh `r t` datde up ̀ j muscjhss w`ro, ̀ r t` fby ̀ ut f`r se`rt mrhao nhtaway,

ajk fby mado cj. Mut y`u se`ubk dehdo cf teh acrp`rt e`thb cs rhabby db`sh t` teh acrp`rt. Furtehrl`rh, dehdo cf teh partcdubare`thb y`u wajt t` stay cs b`dathk cj a safh part `f t`wj.

E`thbs teat wcbb lhht tehsh hxphdtatc`js ajk drhath teh khscrhk nuhst hxphrchjdh jhhk t` khl`jstrath teh f`bb`wcjn

t`p fcvh dearadthrcstcds7

◀◀◀◀◀ Khhp ujkhrstajkcjn `f aj cjdrhascjnby nh`nrapecdabby, fcjajdcabby, nhjhratc`jabby ajk attctukcjabby kcvhrsh ajk

hv`bvcjn dust`lhr mash7 Dust`lhr nr`ups teat wcbb prhshjt jhw rhqucrhlhjts ajk jhw deabbhjnhs cjdbukh hlhrncjn

lckkbh dbasshs cj khvhb`pcjn larohts, a mr`akhr sphdtrul `f nuhsts fr`l hstambcsehk larohts ajk teh p`pubatc`j `f `bkhr

ajk whabtechr travhbhrs.

◀◀◀◀◀ @phj, bcsthjcjn, d`bbam`ratcvh ajk hxphrclhjtab appr`ade t` cjj`vatc`j7 E`thbs wcbb jhhk t` pbadh aj cjdrhascjn

hlpeascs `j trajsf`rlatc`jab strathnchs ajk `j appr`adehs t` cjj`vatc`j teat pbadh teh v`cdh `f teh dust`lhr at teh ehart

`f teh deajnh anhjka uscjn appr`adehs sude as `phj cjj`vatc`j ajk dr`wk s`urdcjn.

◀◀◀◀◀ Aj `rnajcsatc`j dapambh `f survcvcjn ajk tercvcjn cj turmubhjdh ajk ujdhrtacjty7 [eh hxadt pate teh cjkustry ajk

teh nb`mab hd`j`ly wcbb taoh `vhr teh jhxt khdakh cs ujprhkcdtambh. E`thbs lust prhparh f`r a rajnh `f p`sscmbh futurh

sdhjarc`s, khvhb`pcjn a t`bhrajdh `f ujdhrtacjty as a d`rh d`lphthjdh f`r bhakhrs, lajanhrs ajk staff.

◀◀◀◀◀ Cllhrscvh, tadtcbh ajk lubtc-kclhjsc`jab thdej`b`ny cjthrfadhs7 E`thbs lust lasthr ajk add`ll`kath thdej`b`nchs

sude as aunlhjthk rhabcty, wecde mburs teh m`ujkarchs mhtwhhj teh peyscdab ajk kcnctab w`rbk, ajk 4-K pr`ghdtc`j ajk

nhsturh cjthrfadhs, wecde deajnh e`w wh vchw ajk cjthradt wcte cjf`rlatc`j.

◀◀◀◀◀ D`jtcju`us sharde f`r ajdcbbary rhvhjuhs7 Cjvhstcjn l`rh cj teh quhst f`r ajdcbbary rhvhjuhs wcbb ehbp e`thbs

`ffsht cjdrhashk d`lphtctc`j ajk ujdhrtacj dust`lhr sphjkcjn p`whr. Thrvcdhs sude as cjsurajdh ajk nr`ujk trajsp`rtatc`j

`ffhr teh deajdh t` dapturh l`rh `f teh t`tab trcp sphjkcjn.

▩ ▩

 www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj

 www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj www.cnj`u-ad.cj>