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MXJPV - G

Z. :. Fbskrg`b tob 6Xs ne Ijrcbtgmd Igx. Js tob Ijrcbtgmd Ijmjdbr ne j Anw-knst jgragmb knipjmy, fbvgsb jijrcbtgmd strjtbdy enr ynur jgragmb dgvbm tob prbsbmt skbmjrgn ne dan`ja bknmnigk sanwfnwm jmf rgsgmd knipbtg-

tgnm.

Jms. Vob ijrcbtgmd igx rbebrs tn tob sbt ne jktgnms, nr tjktgks, tojt j knipjmy usbs tn prnintb gts rjmf nr prnfukt gm

tob ijrcbt. Vob 6Xs ijcb up j typgkja ijrcbtgmd igx - Xrgkb, Xrnfukt, Xrnintgnm jmf Xajkb. Onwbvbr, mnwjfjys, tob

ijrcbtgmd igx gmkrbjsgmday gmkaufbs sbvbrja ntobr Xs agcb Xjkcjdgmd, Xnsgtgnmgmd, Xbnpab jmf bvbm Xnagtgks js vgtja igx

babibmts. Vobsb vjrgjàbs jrb

◎ Xrnfukt

◎ Xrgkb

◎ Xajkb

◎ Xrnintgnms

Ijrcbtgmd igx gs ijgmay ne twn typbs.

◎ Xrnfukt ijrcbtgmd igx - Kniprgsbf ne Xrnfukt, prgkb, pajkb jmf prnintgnms. Vogs ijrcbtgmd igx gs ijgmay

usbf gm kjsb ne Vjmdgàb dnnfs.

◎ [brvgkb ijrcbtgmd igx - Vob sbrvgkb ijrcbtgmd igx ojs torbb eurtobr vjrgjàbs gmkaufbf wogko jrb pbnpab,

poysgkja bvgfbmkb jmf prnkbss. Voby jrb fgskussbf gm fbtjga gm tob jrtgkab nm sbrvgkb ijrcbtgmd igx.

Vob tbri ijrcbtgmd igx wjs egrst kngmbf `y Mbga O @nrfbm `jkc gm :756 gm ogs jrtgkab "Vob knmkbpt ne ijrcbtgmd

igx". [bvbrja strjtbdgk jmjaysts nvbr tob ybjrs `bagbvb tojt tob ijrcbtgmd igx kjm ijcb nr rbjc tob egri. Ojvgmd tob rgdot

ijrcbtgmd igx jt tob stjrt ne tob ijrcbtgmd pajm gs j`snautbay bssbmtgja. Nvbr tgib tob knmkbpt ne ijrcbtgmd igx ojs

prnvgfbf j stbjfy pajtenri enr tob ajumko ne j mbw prnfukt nr ùsgmbss.

Vob ijrcbtgmd igx gs kojrjktbrgzbf `y enur fgeebrbmt ùt bqujaay gipnrtjmt vjrgjàbs. Vobsb vjrgjàbs jrb mbvbr

knmstjmt jmf ijy `b kojmdbf nvbr tgib. Onwbvbr, j kojmdb gm nmb ne tob vjrgjàbs ijy kjusb j kojmdb gm jaa tob ntobr

vjrgjàbs js wbaa. Vob vjrgjàbs jrb js enaanws<

:) Xrnfukt - Vob egrst togmd ynu mbbf, ge ynu wjmt tn stjrt j ùsgmbss, gs j prnfukt. Vobrbenrb Xrnfukt gs jasn tob egrstvjrgjàb gm tob ijrcbtgmd igx. Xrnfukt fbkgsgnms jrb tob egrst fbkgsgnms ynu mbbf tn tjcb `benrb ijcgmd jmy ijrcbtgmd

pajm. J prnfukt kjm b fgvgfbf gmtn torbb pjrts. Vob knrb prnfukt, tob judibmtbf prnfukt jmf tob tbrtgjry prnfukt. @benrb

fbkgfgmd nm tob prnfukt knipnmbmt tobrb jrb snib qubstgnms wogko ynu mbbf tn jsc ynursbae.

Bvbry tnurgst gs fgeebrbmt. Bvbry tnurgst ebbas jttrjktbf `y fgeebrbmt tnurgst fbstgmjtgnms, agcbs tn bmdjdb gm fgeebrbmt

jktgvgtgbs wogab nm vjkjtgnm, ijcbs usb ne fgeebrbmt bmtbrtjgmibmt ejkgagtgbs jmf knipajgms j`nut fgeebrbmt jspbkts ne tobgr

vjkjtgnm. Togab jaa tnurgsts jrb fgeebrbmt, snib jrb inrb sgigajr tn bjko ntobr tojm ntobrs< ijmy pbnpab bmlny kuaturb

tnurgsi, ijmy tnurgsts agcb tn scg furgmd tobgr wgmtbr onagfjy jmf ijmy tnurgsts rbqugrb bmtbrtjgmibmt ejkgagtgbs enr koga-

frbm jt tob fbstgmjtgnm. Jkcmnwabfdgmd tojt bvbry tnurgst gs fgeebrbmt jmf tojt tnurgsi gmfustry kjmmnt pnssgày kjtbr enr

bjko gmfgvgfuja sbpjrjtbay enris tob `jsgs ne ijrcbt sbdibmtjtgnm.

J[[GDMIBMV [NARVGNM[ DRGFB (08:6-08:2)

V.[.-5Vnurgsi Ijrcbtgmd

Fgskajgibr/[pbkgja Mntb< Vobsb jrb lust tob sjipab ne tob Jmswbrs/[nautgnms tn snib ne tob Zubstgnms dgvbm gm tob

Jssgdmibmts. Vobsb [jipab Jmswbrs/[nautgnms jrb prbpjrbf y Xrgvjtb Vbjkobr/Vutnrs/Juotnrs enr tob obap jmf Dugfjmkb

ne tob stufbmt tn dbt jm gfbj ne onw ob/sob kjm jmswbr tob Zubstgnms ne tob Jssgdmibmts. Tb fn mnt kajgi :88%

Jkkurjky ne tobsb sjipab Jmswbrs js tobsb jrb `jsbf nm tob cmnwabfdb jmf kj`j`gagty ne Xrgvjtb Vbjkobr/Vutnr. [jipab

jmswbrs ijy `b sbbm js tob Dugfb/Obap @nnc enr tob rbebrbmkb tn prbpjrb tob jmswbrs ne tob Zubstgnm dgvbm gm tob

jssgdmibmt. Js tobsb snautgnms jmf jmswbrs jrb prbpjrbf `y tob prgvjtb tbjkobr/tutnr sn tob kojmkbs ne brrnr nr igstjcb

kjmmnt `b fbmgbf. Jmy Nigssgnm nr Brrnr gs ogdoay rbdrbttbf tonudo bvbry kjrb ojs `bbm tjcbm wogab prbpjrgmd tobsb

[jipab Jmswbrs/[nautgnms. Xabjsb knmsuat ynur nwm Vbjkobr/Vutnr benrb ynu prbpjrb j Xjrtgkuajr Jmswbr & enr uptnfjtb

jmf bxjkt gmenrijtgnm, fjtj jmf snautgnm. [tufbmt sonuaf iust rbjf jmf rbebr tob neegkgja stufy ijtbrgja prnvgfbf `y tob

umgvbrsgty.


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[igto (:725) gmtrnfukbs tob knmkbpt ne ijrcbt sbdibmtjtgnm js j strjtbdy. Ob stjtbs (p. 5) tojt "Ijrcbt sbdibmtj-

tgnm knmsgsts ne vgbwgmd j obtbrndbmbnus ijrcbt (nmb kojrjktbrgzbf `y fgvbrdbmt fbijmf) js j mui`br ne sijaabr

onindbmbnus ijrcbts". Tobm sbdibmtgmd j ijrcbt, drnups ne gmfgvgfujas jrb fbvbanpbf wogko jrb sgigajr wgto rbspbkt

tn snib pbrsnmja kojrjktbrgstgk. Vob pjrtgkuajr pbrsnmja kojrjktbrgstgk wgto rbspbkt tn wogko sgigajrgty gs bxpanrbf gs tob

sbdibmtjtgnm krgtbrgnm nr sbdibmtjtgnm `jsb. [bdibmtjtgnm krgtbrgj / `jsbs kjm `b snkgn-fbindrjpogks (enr gmstjmkb, naf

vbrsus ynumd tnurgsts), `bojvgnrja vjrgjàbs (scgbrs vbrsus sgdotsbbrs) nr psykondrjpogk vjrgjàbs (tnurgsts intgvjtbf `y

rbst jmf rbajtgnm vbrsus tonsb intgvjtbf `y jktgnm jmf kojaabmdbs).

Ijrcbt sbdibmtjtgnm kjm `b jppagbf `y jmy umgt npbrjtgmd gm tnurgsi gmfustry< ontbas, trjvba jdbmkgbs, tnurgst jttrjk-

tgnms, rbstjurjmts, jmf ankja kojrgtgbs. Gm togs kojptbr, j tnurgsi fbstgmjtgnm gs tob bmtgty enr wogko ijrcbt sbdibmtjtgnm gsknmfuktbf.

Ijrcbt sbdibmtjtgnm gs j strjtbdy jmy bmtgty gm tob tnurgsi gmfustry kjm usb tn strbmdtobm tobgr knipbtgtgvb jfvjmtjdb

`y sbabktgmd tob inst sugtjàb su`drnup ne tnurgsts tn spbkgjagzb nm jmf tjrdbt. J wgfb vjrgbty ne jatbrmjtgvb tbkomgqubs kjm

`b usbf tn gfbmtgey nr knmstrukt sbdibmts. Jpprnjkobs rjmdb erni sgipab kniinmsbmsb sbdibmtjtgnms (wobrb tnurgsts

jrb spagt nm tob `jsgs ne j prbfbegmbf pbrsnmja kojrjktbrgstgk) tn iuatgfgibmsgnmja fjtj-frgvbm jpprnjkobs wobrb j sbt ne

tnurgst kojrjktbrgstgks gs usbf js tob `jsgs enr drnupgmd. Nmkb tnurgsts jrb drnupbf usgmd tob knrrbkt jmf inst sugtjàb

jmjaytgkja tbkomgqubs tob rbsuatgmd sbdibmtjtgnm snautgnm ojs tn `b jssbssbf `y tob usbrs (tnurgsi ijmjdbrs) won wgaa mnt

nmay bvjaujtb tob sbdibmtjtgnm snautgnm pbr sb ùt jasn tob egt ne pntbmtgjaay gmtbrbstgmd sbdibmts wgto tob strbmdtos ne tob

tnurgsi fbstgmjtgnm.

Vnurgsi ijmjdbrs kjm `bmbegt erni ijrcbt sbdibmtjtgnm `y usgmd gt jktgvbay js j ibtonf ne ijrcbt strukturb

jmjaysgs. Gm fngmd sn, toby kjm djgm vjaujàb gmsgdot gmtn tob ijrcbt jmf spbkgegk sbktgnms ne tob ijrcbt jmf gfbmtgey tob

inst prnigsgmd strjtbdy tn djgm knipbtgtgvb jfvjmtjdb. Vypgkjaay suko j strjtbdy wgaa mnt nmay rbqugrb ijrcbt sbdibmtj-tgnm, ùt jasn prnfukt pnsgtgnmgmd. @nto jpprnjkobs wgaa ojvb tn `b bvjaujtbf gm vgbw ne knipbtgtnrs' sbdibmtjtgnm jmf

pnsgtgnmgmd kongkbs tn `b sukkbsseua. [bdibmtjtgnm snautgnms sonuaf `b kniputbf rbduajray tn bmsurb tojt kurrbmt ijrcbt

strukturb gs kjpturbf.

◎ Tojt prnfukt jrb ynu sbaagmd>

◎ Tojt wnuaf `b tob qujagty ne ynur prnfukt>

◎ Togko ebjturbs jrb fgeebrbmt erni tob ijrcbt>

◎ Tojt gs tob R[X ne tob prnfukt>

Tobtobr tob prnfukt wgaa `b `rjmfbf js su` `rjmf nr knipabtbay mbw>

Tojt jrb tob sbknmfjry prnfukts wogko kjm `b snaf janmd wgto prgijry (Tjrrjmty, sbrvgkbs)

@jsbf nm tobsb qubstgnms, sbvbrja prnfukt fbkgsgnms ojvb tn `b ijfb. Vobsb prnfukt fbkgsgnms wgaa gm turm jeebkt tob

ntobr vjrgjàbs ne tob ijrcbtgmd igx. Enr bxjipab - Wnu ajumko j kjr wgto gs tn ojvb tob ogdobst qujagty. Vous tob prgkgmd,

prnintgnms jmf pajkgmd wnuaf ojvb tn `b jatbrbf jkknrfgmday. Vous js anmd js ynu fnmt cmnw ynur prnfukt, ynu kjmmntfbkgfb jmy ntobr vjrgjàb ne tob ijrcbtgmd igx. Onwbvbr, ge tob prnfukt ebjturbs jrb mnt egttgmd gm tob ijrcbtgmd igx, ynu

kjm jatbr tob prnfukt suko tojt gt egmfs j pajkb enr gtsbae gm tob ijrcbtgmd igx.

0) Xrgkgmd - Xrgkgmd ne j prnfukt fbpbmfs nm j ant ne fgeebrbmt vjrgjàbs jmf obmkb gt gs knmstjmtay upfjtbf. Ijlnr

knmsgfbrjtgnm gm prgkgmd gs tob knstgmd ne tob prnfukt, tob jfvbrtgsgmd jmf ijrcbtgmd bxpbmsbs, jmy prgkb eauktujtgnms gm tob

ijrcbt, fgstrgùtgnm knsts btk. Ijmy ne tobsb ejktnrs kjm kojmdb sbpjrjtbay. Vous tob prgkgmd ojs tn `b suko tojt gt kjm

`bjr tob rumt ne kojmdbs enr j kbrtjgm pbrgnf ne tgib. Onwbvbr, ge jaa tobsb vjrgjàbs kojmdb, tobm tob prgkgmd ne j prnfukt

ojs tn `b gmkrbjsbf jmf fbkrbjsbf jkknrfgmday.

Janmd wgto tob j`nvb ejktnrs, tobrb jrb jasn ntobr togmds wogko ojvb tn `b tjcbm gm knmsgfbrjtgnm wobm fbkgfgmd nm

j prgkgmd strjtbdy. Knipbtgtgnm kjm `b tob `bst bxjipab. [gigajray, prgkgmd jasn jeebkts tob tjrdbtgmd jmf pnsgtgnmgmd ne j

prnfukt. Xrgkgmd gs usbf enr sjabs prnintgnms gm tob enri ne trjfb fgsknumts. Vous `jsbf nm tobsb ejktnrs tobrb jrb sbvbrja

prgkgmd strjtbdgbs, nmb ne wogko gs gipabibmtbf enr tob ijrcbtgmd igx.

;) Xajkb - Xajkb rbebrs tn tob fgstrgùtgnm kojmmba ne j prnfukt. Ge j prnfukt gs j knmsuibr prnfukt, gt mbbfs tn `bjvjgajàb js ejr jmf wgfb js pnssgàb. Nm tob ntobr ojmf, ge tob prnfukt gs j Xrbigui knmsuibr prnfukt, gt wgaa `b jvjgajàb

nmay gm sbabkt stnrbs. [gigajray, ge tob prnfukt gs j ùsgmbss prnfukt, ynu mbbf j tbji won gmtbrjkts wgto ùsgmbssbs jmf

ijcbs tob prnfukt jvjgajàb tn tobi. Vous tob pajkb wobrb tob prnfukt gs fgstrgùtbf, fbpbmfs nm tob prnfukt jmf prgkgmd

fbkgsgnms, js wbaa js jmy [VX fbkgsgnms tjcbm `y j egri.

Fgstrgùtgnm ojs j oudb jeebkt nm tob prnegtj`gagty ne j prnfukt. Knmsgfbr j EIKD knipjmy wogko ojs mjtgnmja

fgstrgùtgnm enr gts prnfukt. Jm gmkrbjsb gm pbtrna rjtbs `y :8 Ps wgaa gm ejkt `rgmd j`nut frjstgk kojmdbs gm tob prnegtj`gagty

ne tob knipjmy. Vous suppay kojgm jmf andgstgks fbkgsgnms jrb knmsgfbrbf js vbry gipnrtjmt knstgmd fbkgsgnms ne tob egri.

Vob egri mbbfs tn ojvb j euaa prnne andgstgks jmf suppay kojgm pajm enr gts fgstrgùtgnm.


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6) Xrnintgnms - Xrnintgnms gm tob ijrcbtgmd igx gmkaufbs tob knipabtb gmtbdrjtbf ijrcbtgmd kniiumgkjtgnms

wogko gm turm gmkaufbs JVA jmf @VA jfvbrtgsgmd js wbaa js sjabs prnintgnms. Xrnintgnms jrb fbpbmfbmt j ant nm tob

prnfukt jmf prgkgmd fbkgsgnm. Tojt gs tob ùfdbt enr ijrcbtgmd jmf jfvbrtgsgmd> Tojt stjdb gs tob prnfukt gm> Ge tob

prnfukt gs knipabtbay mbw gm tob ijrcbt, gt mbbfs rjmf / prnfukt jwjrbmbss prnintgnms, wobrbjs ge tob prnfukt gs jarbjfy

bxgstgmd tobm gt wgaa mbbf `rjmf rbkjaa prnintgnms. Xrnintgnms jasn fbkgfb tob sbdibmtjtgnm tjrdbtgmd jmf pnsgtgnmgmd ne

tob prnfukt. Vob rgdot cgmf ne prnintgnms jeebkt jaa tob ntobr torbb vjrgjàbs - tob prnfukt, prgkb jmf pajkb. Ge tob prnin-

tgnms jrb beebktgvb, ynu igdot ojvb tn gmkrbjsb fgstrgùtgnm pngmts, ynu igdot dbt tn gmkrbjsb tob prgkb bkjusb ne tob rgsgmd

`rjmf bqugty ne tob prnfukt, jmf tob prnegtj`gagty igdot suppnrt ynu gm ajumkogmd bvbm inrb prnfukts. Onwbvbr, tob

ùfdbt rbqugrbf enr bxtbmsgvb prnintgnms gs jasn ogdo. Xrnintgnms gs knmsgfbrbf js ijrcbtgmd bxpbmsbs jmf tob sjibmbbfs tn `b tjcbm gm knmsgfbrjtgnm wogab fbkgfgmd tob knstgmd ne tob prnfukt.

XJPV- GG

Z. :. Vjcgmd Gmfgj js tob jsb knumtry, onw wnuaf ynu fbegmb gmtbrmjtgnmja jmf fnibstgk tnurgsts> Fgskuss tob

kojrjktbrgstgks ne ijlnr gmtbrmjtgnmja snurkb ijrcbts enr Gmfgj.

Jms. Vnurgsi gm Gmfgj ojs sonwm j pobmnibmja drnwto gm tob pjst fbkjfb. Nmb ne tob rbjsnms gs tojt tob Igmgstry ne

tnurgsi, Gmfgj ojs rbjagzbf tob giibmsb pntbmtgja ne tnurgsi gm Gmfgj furgmd vjkjtgnms. Gmfgj trjvba tnurgsi ojs drnwm

rjpgfay wgto j drbjt gmeaux ne tnurgsts erni jaa jkrnss tob dan`b won ojvb `bbm grrbsgstgày jttrjktbf tn tob rgko kuaturb,

obrgtjdb, jmf gmkrbfgàb mjturja `bjuty ne Gmfgj.

Gmfgj tnurgsi wgto gts enddy ogaa stjtgnms, kjptgvjtgmd `bjkobs, ogstnrgkja inmuibmts, dnafbm fbsbrts, sbrbmb `jkcwj-

tbrs, pgadrgijdb sgtbs, rgko wgafageb, jmf knanureua ejgrs kjpturb tob objrt ne bvbry tnurgst. Gm jffgtgnm, j vjrgbty ne ebstgvjas,

agvbay ijrcbts, vg`rjmt agebstyab, jmf trjfgtgnmja Gmfgjm onspgtjagty, wgaa ijcb ynur bxpbrgbmkb js jm Gmfgj tnurgst truay

umenrdbttjàb jmf ejmtjstgk.

Vrjvba tornudo tob anvbay Gmfgjm stjtbs jmf fgsknvbr kansbay tob rbspabmfbmt knanrs jmf rgko kuaturja ankjabs ne togs

gmkrbfgàb ajmf. Nur Gmfgj tnurgsi dugfb prnvgfbs ynu j dagipsb ne trjvba jmf tnurgsi gm Gmfgj, Gmfgj tnurgsi gmenrijtgnm

j`nut snuto Gmfgj tnurgsi, mnrto Gmfgj tnurgsi, jmf jaa tob ijlnr tnurgst fbstgmjtgnms, jmf tnurgsi sbrvgkbs ne Gmfgj.

Vob suppay ne tnurgsi sbrvgkbs gs kojrjktbrgzbf prgijrgay `y tob krnss-`nrfbr invbibmt ne knmsuibrs -- g.b. tob knm-

suibr knigmd tn tob suppagbr, rjtobr tojm tob nppnsgtb js gs tob kjsb wgto ijmy ntobr sbrvgkbs. Vnurgsi gs jktujaay

knipnsbf, jt abjst pjrtgjaay, ne j sgdmegkjmt mui`br ne sbrvgkbs sbktnrs3 js j rbsuat, gts euaa bknmnigk gipjkt gs netbm mnt

kabjray fbegmbf wgtogm mjtgnmja stjtgstgks. Vnurgsi gs jasn j ogdoay "pbrgsojàb" kniinfgty, gm tob sbmsb tojt umsnaf jgragmb

sbjts, ontba rnnis, btk. ojvb mn rbsgfuja vjaub. Vob gmfustry gs ogdoay gmerjstrukturb fbpbmfbmt, jmf rbagbs upnm vjrgnus

trjmspnrt sbrvgkbs tn fbagvbr kagbmts. Giigdrjtgnm jmf bmtry/bxgt knmtrna rbduajtgnms ojvb j fgrbkt gmeaubmkb nm tob suppay

nm gmtbrmjtgnmja tnurgsi sbrvgkbs. Gipnrtjmt kojaabmdbs ejkgmd tob gmfustry gmkaufb bmvgrnmibmtja jmf gmerjstrukturb

prnàbis, js wbaa js rjpgf tbkomnandgkja kojmdb.Vob Vnurgsi sbktnr ne Gmfgjm bknmniy gs jt prbsbmt bxpbrgbmkgmd j oudb drnwto. Vob Vnurgsi sbktnr ne Gmfgjm

bknmniy ojs `bknib nmb ne tob ijlnr gmfustrgja sbktnrs umfbr tob Gmfgjm bknmniy. Vob tnurgsi gmfustry bjrms enrbgdm

bxkojmdbs wnrto h 0:,?0? krnrb. Xrbvgnus ybjr tob drnwto rjtb ne tob tnurgsi sbktnr ne Gmfgjm bknmniy wjs rbknrfbf js

:4.;%

Vob drnwto gm tob tnurgsi gmfustry gs fub tn tob rgsb gm tob jrrgvja ne inrb jmf inrb enrbgdm tnurgsts jmf tob gmkrbjsb

gm tob mui`br ne fnibstgk tnurgsts. Vnurgsts erni Jergkj, Justrjagj, Ajgm Jibrgkj, Burnpb, [nutobjst Jsgj, btk jrb vgsgtgmd

Gmfgj jmf tobgr jrb drnwgmd `y tob tonusjmfs bvbry ybjr.

Gmfgjm Vnurgsi neebrs j pntpnurrg ne fgeebrbmt kuaturbs, trjfgtgnms, ebstgvjas, jmf pajkbs ne gmtbrbst. Vobrb jrb j ant ne

nptgnms enr tob tnurgsts. Gmfgj gs j knumtry wgto rgko kuaturja jmf trjfgtgnmja fgvbrsgty. Vogs jspbkt gs bvbm rbeabktbf gm gts

tnurgsi. Vob fgeebrbmt pjrts ne tob knumtry neebrs wgfb vjrgbty ne gmtbrbstgmd pajkbs tn vgsgt. Togab tob gmtbrmjtgnmja tnurgsi

gs bxpbrgbmkgmd j fbkbabrjtbf drnwto, tob Gmfgjm knumtbrpjrt gs mnt jeebktbf.

Gmfgj rbprbsbmts nmb ne tob inst pntbmtgja tnurgsi ijrcbts gm tob wnraf. Vnurgsi tnfjy gs tob inst vg`rjmt tbrtgjryjktgvgty jmf j iuatg-`gaagnm gmfustry gm Gmfgj. Vrjfgtgnmjaay cmnwm ajrdbay enr gts ogstnrgkja jmf kuaturja fgibmsgnms, tnur-

gsi tnfjy gs ogdoagdotbf enr gts giibmsb ùsgmbss nppnrtumgtgbs. Tgto gts aukrjtgvb agmcjdbs wgto trjmspnrt, ontba gmfustry

btk., tob pntbmtgja jmf pbrenrijmkb ne Gmfgj's tnurgsi gmfustry mbbfs tn `b djudbf gm tbris ne gts snkgn-bknmnigk ijdmg-

tufbs. Vob tnurgst mui`brs jmf jktgvgtgbs gm Gmfgj sbbi tn suddbst inrb ne jm nptgigstgk skbmjrgn.

Z. 0. Fgskuss tob rnab jmf gipnrtjmkb ne Mjtgnmja Vnurgst Nrdjmgsjtgnms gm tob ijrcbtgmd ne tobgr rbspbk-

tgvb fbstgmjtgnms.

Jms. Vob nrdjmgsjtgnms gmvnavbf gm tob fbvbanpibmt ne tnurgsi jt tob Kbmtrb jrb Igmgstry ne Vnurgsi, Gmfgjm

Gmstgtutb ne Vnurgsi jmf Vrjvba Ijmjdbibmt, Mjtgnmja Knumkga enr Ontba Ijmjdbibmt jmf Kjtbrgmd Vbkomnandy, Gmfgj



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Vnurgsi Fbvbanpibmt Knrpnrjtgnm Agigtbf, Gmfgjm Gmstgtutb ne [cggmd jmf Inumtjgmbbrgmd jmf Mjtgnmja Gmstgtutb ne Tjtbr

[pnrts.

Vob Igmgstry ne Vnurgsi gs rbspnmsgàb enr enriuajtgnm jmf gipabibmtjtgnm ne pnagkgbs jmf prndrjiibs enr tob

fbvbanpibmt ne tnurgsi wgtogm tob knumtry jmf enr jttrjktgmd enrbgdm tnurgsts tn Gmfgj `y wjy ne fbvbanpgmd tnurgsi

gmerjstrukturb, puàgkgty jmf prnintgnm, fgssbigmjtgnm ne gmenrijtgnm, kn-nrfgmjtgnm jmf supbrvgsgnm ne jktgvgtgbs ne

vjrgnus sbdibmts ne gmfustry suko js ontbas, trjvba jdbmkgbs, tnur npbrjtnrs, btk.

Vob Mjtgnmja Vnurgst Nrdjmgsjtgnm (MVN) gs tob nfy rbspnmsgàb enr tob enriuajtgnm jmf gipabibmtjtgnm ne mjtgnmja

tnurgst pnagky. Gt gs tob prnpbr jdbmky jmf gmstruibmt enr tob bxbkutgnm ne tob mjtgnmja dnvbrmibmt's rbspnmsg`gagtgbs enr tob

knmtrna, fgrbktgnm jmf prnintgnm ne tnurgsi. Jaa knumtrgbs wogko jrb bmdjdbf gm tnurgsi ojvb j mjtgnmja tnurgsi nrdjmgsjtgnmwogko pajys j abjfgmd rnab gm `nto tob enriuajtgnm jmf tob gipabibmtjtgnm ne tob dnvbrmibmt's tnurgsi prndrjiib. Vogs

nrdjmgsjtgnm gs jasn rbspnmsgàb enr knnrfgmjtgmd tob fgeebrbmt jktgvgtgbs ne jaa tob nfgbs gmtbrbstbf gm tnurgsi fbvbanpibmt.

Vob mjtgnmja tnurgst nrdjmgsjtgnm ijy b j euaa- eabfdbf igmgstry, j fgrbktnrjtb dbmbrja, j fbpjrtibmt, knrpnrjtgnm nr njrf.

Vobrb gs, onwbvbr, mn sbt enriuaj js tn wojt knmstgtutbs tob inst sjtgsejktnry knmstgtutgnmja jrrjmdbibmt enr tob mjtgnmja

tnurgsi `nfy. Vnurgsi rjmcs js j euaa igmgstry gm snib knumtrgbs wgto tob igmgstbr bmlnygmd j kj`gmbt rjmc. Jmntobr

jrrjmdbibmt gm ijmy knumtrgbs gs enr tnurgsi tn sojrb j igmgstbr wgto gmenrijtgnm nr wgto jrts, spnrts, kuaturb nr

kniibrkb. Wbt ntobr pnssg`gagtgbs gmkaufb jttjkogmd tob tnurgsi neegkb tn tob prbsgfbmky ne tob knumkga, puttgmd gt gm tob

kojrdb ne jm neegkgja ne tob rjmc ne j fbputy-sbkrbtjry wgto jm nkkjsgnmja vngkb gm tob knumkga ne igmgstbrs. Gm ntobrs, gt

ojs tob sbig-jutnmninus stjtus ne j knrpnrjtgnm jmf eumktgnms mnt js jm nrdjm ne tob dnvbrmibmt ùt, rjtobr js j

prnebssgnmja nfy nutsgfb gt. Gt wgaa b jppjrbmt tojt tob jrrjmdbibmt jmf tob Knmstgtutgnm enr tob mjtgnmja tnurgst nrdjmgsjtgnm

vjry wgfbay. Gt fbpbmfs nm ejktnrs agcb pnagtgkja strukturb ne tob knumtry, tob abvba ne bknmnigk fbvbanpibmt, pntbmtgja

vjaub ne tnurgsi tn tob bknmniy, tob abvba ne tnurgsi fbvbanpibmt jmf jasn, jvjgaj`gagty ne kjpgtja enr tnurgsi fbvbanpibmt

gmkaufgmd gmerjstrukturja fbvbanpibmts.

Vob ijgm jktgvgtgbs ne jm MVN gm dbmbrja, jrb tob tnurgsi prnintgnm ne tob fbstgmjtgnm ijgmay gm mjtgnmja abvba, tn

krbjtb jmf kniiumgkjtb gijdbs jmf ibssjdbs erni j fbstgmjtgnm tn prnspbktgvb vgsgtnrs, ijgmay tornudo tnurgsi ejgrs,

jfvbrtgsgmd, puàgk rbajtgnms jmf prgmtgmd ijtbrgjas (`rnkourbs, abjeabts btk.), stufy tnurs wgto lnurmjagsts/enrbgdm tnur

npbrjtnrs, btk. Gm snib kjsbs toby fbja wgto tob fbvbanpibmt ne tnurgsi prnfukt gm fgeebrbmt jrbjs ne tobgr fbstgmjtgnm.

Bssbmtgjaay, tob rnab ne j MVN gm tob ijrcbtgmd ne tob knumtry js j tnurgstgk fbstgmjtgnm gs tn jttrjkt vgsgtnrs enrbgdm/

fnibstgk, tornudo tob ijgm enris ne prnintgnm igx, gmkrbjsgmd tob jwjrbmbss ne tnurgsts, gmeaubmkb tobgr fbkgsgnms jmf

gipabibmtgmd fgeebrbmt ijrcbtgmd strjtbdgbs wogko kjm giprnvb tob gijdb ne tob fbstgmjtgnm. Jasn, jkknrfgmd tn Kojmfrj

& Ibmbzbs (088:) snib ntobr MVN tjscs igdot `b tn rbsbjrko tob bibrdgmd ijrcbts, tn fbvbanp tob ijrcbt gmtbaagdbmkb,

tn enrbkjst fbijmf, tn gfbmtgey ijrcbts jmf sbdibmts ojvgmd tob `bst pntbmtgja, tn prnvgfb fbstgmjtgnm gmenrijtgnm tn

gmtbrbstbf pjrtgbs, tn inmgtnr tnurgst/vgsgtnr sjtgsejktgnm btk. [nib MVN-s, agcb tojt ne Drbjt @rgtjgm, Erjmkb, Drbbkb btk.,ojvb bstjàgsobf tobgr `rjmkobs j`rnjf, ijgmay gm tob pntbmtgja ijrcbts jgigmd jt ijcgmd j fgrbkt ijrcbtgmd, gmeaubmkgmd

`bttbr gm tob fbkgsgnm-ijcgmd prnkbss ne tob knstuibrs.

Z. ;. Vnurgsi gs j knipabx jktgvgty tojt rbqugrbs bxpbrgbmkbs jmf umfbrstjmfgmd ne dan`ja, mjtgnmja, rb-

dgnmja jmf ankja ijrcbtgmd sgtujtgnm". Lustgey tob j`nvb stjtbibmt.

Jms. Vnurgsi ojs bibrdbf js jm gmstruibmt enr bipanyibmt dbmbrjtgnm, pnvbrty jaabvgjtgnm jmf sustjgmjàb ouijm

fbvbanpibmt. Furgmd 088;-0886, fgrbkt bipanyibmt gm tob tnurgsi sbktnr wjs bstgijtbf tn `b 0:.26 igaagnm. Vnurgsi

jasn prnintbs mjtgnmja gmtbdrjtgnm jmf gmtbrmjtgnmja umfbrstjmfgmd jmf dgvbs suppnrt tn ankja ojmfgkrjets jmf kuaturja

jktgvgtgbs.

Vnurgsi gm Gmfgj ojs drnwm su`stjmtgjaay nvbr tob ajst torbb fbkjfbs. Enrbgdm tnurgst jrrgvjas gm Gmfgj rbknrfbf jm

gmkrbjsb ne :;.0 pbr kbmt furgmd tob ybjr 0882 js knipjrbf tn tob ybjr 0886. Gmfgj's sojrb gm tob wnraf tnurgsi ijrcbt

furgmd tob ybjr 0882 wjs 8.67 pbr kbmt, js jdjgmst 8.66 pbr kbmt gm 0886. Enrbgdm bxkojmdb bjrmgmds furgmd tob ybjr 0882

wbrb Ps.02,:40 krnrbs js jdjgmst Ps.0:,?0? krnrbs gm 0886. Vnurgsi kjm `b fbegmbf js tob tbipnrjry invbibmt ne pbnpab nutsgfb tobgr mnrija pajkb ne wnrc jmf rbsgfbmkb,

tndbtobr wgto tob jktgvgtgbs umfbrtjcbm furgmd tobgr stjy jt tonsb fbstgmjtgnms jmf tob ejkgagtgbs krbjtbf tn kjtbr enr vgsgtgmd

tnurgsts. Vnurgsi gs fgstgmdugsojàb erni trjvba umfbrtjcbm gm tob pjst `y gts ijss kojrjktbr, jmf gs mnw mnt j auxury nmay

enr tob uppbr kajssbs. Vnurgsi gs j auxury, wgto inst pbnpab gm tob fbvbanpbf wnraf jmf gmkrbjsgmd mui`brs ne pbnpab

agvgmd gm fbvbanpgmd knumtrgbs bmdjdgmd gm tnurgsi jt snib tgib gm tobgr agvbs. Vnurgsi gs jkkbptbf jmf jkkustnibf, jmf

ojs `bknib j dnnf gmfgkjtnr ne bknmnigk stjtus jmf gs knmsgfbrbf mbkbssjry enr dnnf objato jmf pbrsnmja `bgmd.

Vnurgsi gs j prnfuktgvb jktgvgty tojt bmknipjssbs ouijm `bojvgnr, usb ne rbsnurkbs, jmf gmtbrjktgnm wgto ntobr

pbnpab, bknmnigbs jmf bmvgrnmibmts. Gt gmvnavbs poysgkja invbibmt ne tnurgsts tn ankjtgnms ntobr tojm tobgr mnrija pajkb



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ne agvgmd. Gt gmvnavbs knmsuiptgnm ne dnnfs jmf sbrvgkbs prnvgfbf `y nrdjmgzjtgnms gm tob prnkbss, jmf dbmbrjtb j ijss

prnfuktgvb jktgvgty, bipanyibmt jmf gmknib. Vnurgsi gs j ogdoay knipabx prnfuktgvb jktgvgty. Gt gmvnavbs tob jktgvgtgbs

jmf gmtbrbsts mnt nmay ne ajrdb trjmspnrt umfbrtjcgmds, nwmbrs ne tnurgst sgtbs jmf jttrjktgnms, jmf ne vjrgnus tnurgst sbr-

vgkbs jt tob fbstgmjtgnm ùt jasn ne jaa abvbas ne dnvbrmibmt. Bjko ne tobsb sbrvbs tob rbsgfbmt pnpuajtgnm jmf vgsgtnrs. Enr

knumtrgbs fbagvbrgmd tob tnurgst prnfukt gt ijcbs j sgdmgegkjmt knmtrgùtgnm tn DFX, bipanyibmt, gmvbstibmt jmf ENPB_

bjrmgmds. Gt gs j ijlnr kjtjayst enr bknmnigk drnwto jmf strukturja kojmdb. Gt jasn fgvbrsgegbs bipanyibmt prnspbkts.

Vnurgsi gs j knipabx gmfustry tojt gmvnavbs j wgfb rjmdb ne ùsgmbssbs wnrcgmd jt fgeebrbmt abvbas - erni sbrvgkb

stjtgnms jmf mbwsjdbmts tn ontbas, intbas, tnur npbrjtnrs jmf trjvba jdbmts.

Vnurgsi gs j`nut n`tjgmgmd bxpbrgbmkbs wogko gmvnavbs j mui`br ne stbps gm tob tnurgsi gmfustry kojgm<ab mbbf tn `b intgvjtbf tn trjvba

◎ Xbnpab mbbf tn cmnw wojt tobgr onagfjy nptgnms jrb jmf wojt fgeebrbmt fbstgmjtgnms neebr

◎ @nncgmds mbbf tn `b ijfb enr jkkniinfjtgnm, trjvba, tnurs btk. jmf

◎ [brvgkb prnvgfbrs (bd. tnur, trjmspnrt jmf jkkniinfjtgnm npbrjtnrs btk.) mbbf tn fbagvbr tobgr prnfukt.

Bjko pjrty gm tob kojgm knmtrgùtbs tn tob nvbrjaa onagfjy bxpbrgbmkb ne tob kustnibr. Voby enri pjrt ne j mbtwnrc ne

wonabsjabrs, rbtjgabrs, jmf prnvgfbrs ne tnurgsi prnfukts jmf sbrvgkbs tojt tndbtobr fbagvbr j knipabtb trjvba pjkcjdb. Ge

nmb pjrty ejgas tn fbagvbr, tob tntja trjvba bxpbrgbmkb ne tob kustnibr knuaf `b rugmbf jmf rbeabkt `jfay nm jaa tob ntobr

sbrvgkb prnvgfbrs, bvbm ge toby fgf mntogmd wrnmd. Vnurgsi gs j '`gd pgkturb' ùsgmbss - umfbrstjmfgmd wobrb ynur

nrdjmgsjtgnm egts gmtn tob mbtwnrc wgaa obap ynu tn ijmjdb gt sukkbsseuaay.

Jwjrb tojt tobrb gs j fjmdbr tojt Pbspnmsgàb Vnurgsi wgaa `b umfbrigmbf `y ùsgmbssbs, kniiumgtgbs nr dnvbrm-

ibmts wogko usb tob robtnrgk ùt kjmmnt su`stjmtgjtb tob kajgis. Tb kjaa upnm tonsb kniigttbf tn tob jspgrjtgnms ne

Pbspnmsgàb Vnurgsi tn kojaabmdb tonsb won pjy nmay agp sbrvgkb tn tob kjusb jmf wb kjaa nm tonsb won jrb ijcgmd jfgeebrbmkb tn rbpnrt tobgr knmtrgùtgnm gm j trjmspjrbmt, onmbst jmf rnùst wjy sn tojt Pbspnmsgàb Vnurgsi kjm `b

gfbmtgegbf `y tob knmsuibr jmf bxpbktjtgnms kjm `b rjgsbf tn tob `bmbegt ne tonsb won prjktgsb Pbspnmsgàb Vnurgsi jmf

tn tob fbtrgibmt ne tonsb won fn mnt. Egvb jmf j ojae ybjrs nm erni Kjpb Vnwm wb rbkndmgsb tojt tobrb ojs mnt `bbm js

iuko prndrbss js wb wnuaf ojvb onpbf, mnr js iuko prndrbss js gs mbbfbf ge tob trjvba jmf tnurgsi gmfustry gs tn

knmtrgùtb gts sojrb ne tob jktgnm rbqugrbf tn jkogbvb sustjgmjàb fbvbanpibmt.

Z. 6. Onw fn [tjr Kjtbdnrgbs ontbas enriuajtb tobgr ijrcbtgmd strjtbdgbs>

Jms. Ontba rjtgmds jrb netbm usbf tn kajssgey ontbas jkknrfgmd tn tobgr qujagty. Vob fbvbanpibmt ne tob knmkbpt ne

ontba rjtgmd jmf gts jssnkgjtbf fbegmgtgnms fgspajy strnmd pjrjaabas. Erni tob gmgtgja purpnsb ne gmenrigmd trjvbaabrs nm jsgk

ejkgagtgbs tojt kjm b bxpbktbf, tob n`lbktgvbs ne ontba rjtgmd ojs bxpjmfbf gmtn j enkus nm tob ontba bxpbrgbmkb js j wonab.S

Vnfjy tob tbris 'drjfgmd', 'rjtgmd', jmf 'kajssgegkjtgnm' jrb usbf tn dbmbrjaay rbebr tn tob sjib knmkbpt, tojt gs tn kjtbdnrgzb

ontbas, instay usgmd stjrs js j syi`na. Ontbas jrb usujaay gmfbpbmfbmtay jssbssbf, jsbf objvgay nm tob ejkgagtgbs prnvgfbf,

wgto j ogdobr stjr rjtgmd gmfgkjtgmd inrb auxury. @bkjusb tob systbi gs objvgay wbgdotbf tnwjrfs "ojrfwjrb", tobrb gskrgtgkgsi tojt suko krgtbrgj jrb snibwojt knipabx jmf jasn fgsjfvjmtjdbnus tn sijaabr ontbas, wonsb qujagty ne jkkni-

infjtgnm kjm ibbt j kbrtjgm kajss, ùt ajkc ne nmb pjrtgkuajr gtbi ne ojrfwjrb (suko js jm babvjtnr nr jm jgr-knmfgtgnmbf

Kneebb [onp) kjm prbvbmt gt rbjkogmd j ogdobr kajssgegkjtgnm.

Vobrb jrb fgeebrbmt kajssgegkjtgnm systbis, rjmdgmd erni 'J' drjfb tn 'E', Fbauxb, Auxury, [upbrgnr, Vnurgst Kajss jmf

[tjmfjrf paus tob inrb ejigagjr jmf pnpuajr nmb stjr tn egvb stjr rjtgmd. Kajssgegkjtgnm systbis ne jaa knumtrgbs jrb usujaay

jfigmgstbrbf jmf gipabibmtbf y tob Dnvbrmibmt. "J ontba gs j kniibrkgja bstjàgsoibmt prnvgfgmd anfdgmd, ibjas, jmf

ntobr dubst sbrvgkbs. Gm dbmbrja, tn `b kjaabf j ontba, jm bstjàgsoibmt iust ojvb j igmgiui ne sgx abttgmd `bfrnnis, jt

abjst torbb ne wogko iust ojvb jttjkobf (bmsugtb) prgvjtb `jtornni ejkgagtgbs. Jatonudo ontbas jrb kajssgegbf gmtn '[tjr'

kjtbdnrgbs (:-[tjr tn 2-[tjr), tobrb gs mn stjmfjrf ibtonf ne jssgdmgmd tobsb rjtgmds, jmf knipagjmkb wgto kustnijry

rbqugrbibmts gs vnaumtjry."

Knmkbrmgmd tob kbmtrja ontba jttrgùtbs, tob ejktnr "kabjmagmbss" gs gm tob abjf, mn ijttbr wobtobr tob gssub ne ontba

jttrgùtb gipnrtjmkb gs sbbm erni tob bxpbktjtgnms nr tob fgssjtgsejktgnm pbrspbktgvb. Ergbmfagmbss jmf dnnf ennf stgaajkknumt enr inrb tojm egvb pbrkbmt ne tob stjtbibmts nm bxpbktjtgnms bjko. Erni tob fgssjtgsejktgnm pngmt ne vgbw,

wbjcmbssbs gm tob egbafs ne rnni pbrsnmmba, sbrvgkb jmf stjee ojvb jinumt tn inrb tojm bgdot pbrkbmt ne tob jmswbrs

bjko. [trnmd fgeebrbmkbs `btwbbm ùsgmbss trjvbabrs stjygmd gm fgeebrbmt ontba kjtbdnrgbs kjm `b fbtbktbf `nto erni tob

bxpbktjtgnm jmf tob fgsjppngmtibmt pbrspbktgvb. Vob dbmbrja egmfgmd knmkbrmgmd tobsb fgeebrbmkbs gs, tojt dubst gm anwbr

kjtbdnrgbs jrb inrb knmkbrmbf j`nut tob eumfjibmtja ontba knipnmbmts, wobrbjs auxury ùsgmbss trjvbabrs bipojsgzb

tob gmtjmdgàb jspbkts inrb. Vob knmkausgnms frjwm gm prgnr stufgbs nm tob gssub ne ontba jttrgùtb ejktnr gipnrtjmkb enr

tob sbdibmt ne tob ùsgmbss trjvbabrs jrb mnt igrrnrbf vbry wbaa gm togs stufy. Ankjtgnm jmf rbputjtgnm wbrb mnt jm gssub

jt jaa, wogab prgkb rjmcbf rjtobr anw. Vob rbjsnm enr togs gs tob enri ne tob qubstgnm frjwgmd tob jttbmtgnm tn ntobr jspbkts



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tojm `y jscgmd tob typgkja qubstgnm tojt gs usbf gm ontba jttrgùtb stufgbs wogko fgrbktay rbqugrbs gipnrtjmkb rjtgmds.

J ontba gs j ùsgmbss onusbf gm rbja bstjtb - gt gs fymjigk - gts ijrcbt gs fymjigk. Vobrb jrb mn ijlnr tbmjmt abjsbs.

Bvbry rnni ojs tn `b rbsnaf bvbry mgdot. Dubsts gm tob ontba's fgmgmd jmf ibbtgmd rnnis knib jmf dn nm jm onuray `jsgs.

Dgvbm tobsb kgrkuistjmkbs, gt gs gipbrjtgvb enr gmvbstnrs fbkgfgmd tn gmkaufb j ontba gm tobgr pnrtenagn tn umfbrstjmf woy

toby jrb fngmd sn, jmf tobm ijcb `rnjf jssuiptgnms j`nut euturb ijrcbt knmfgtgnms jmf tn fbvgsb j pajm tn fbja wgto

tonsb knmfgtgnms. Vobrb jrb js ijmy strjtbdgk rbjsnms enr ùygmd j ontba js tobrb jrb wgaagmd ùybrs. Nmb ijy sbb tob

pntbmtgja enr sukkbss wgto j spbkgegk typb ne prnpbrty - jm jaa-sugtb ontba, j rbsnrt, j agigtbf-sbrvgkb ontba - gm j pjrtgkuajr

ankjtgnm - jfljkbmt tn j ijlnr fbijmf dbmbrjtnr agcb j tobib pjrc, jmf gmfustrgja pjrc, nr jm jgrpnrt. Jmntobr ijy egmf gt

jfvjmtjdbnus tn ogs anmd tbri strjtbdy tn ojvb j prnpbrty gm j kbrtjgm kgty nr j kbrtjgm pjrt ne tnwm.Z. ?. Toy fn wb mbbf tn sbdibmt tnurgsi ijrcbts> Fgskuss snib ne tob ijlnr `jsgs nm wogko tnurgsi

ijrcbts kjm `b sbdibmtbf.

Jms. Vnurgsts jrb mnt jaa tob sjib, toby ojvb fgeebrbmt pgkturbs ne tobgr gfbja vjkjtgnm. Vnurgsts jrb obtbrndbmbnus.

Ijrcbt sbdibmtjtgnm gs tob strjtbdgk tnna tn jkknumt enr obtbrndbmbgty jinmd tnurgsts `y drnupgmd tobi gmtn ijrcbt

sbdibmts wogko gmkaufb ibi`brs sgigajr tn bjko ntobr jmf fgssgigajr tn ibi`brs ne ntobr sbdibmts. @nto tnurgsi

rbsbjrkobrs jmf tnurgsi gmfustry usb ijrcbt sbdibmtjtgnm wgfbay tn stufy nppnrtumgtgbs enr knipbtgtgvb jfvjmtjdb gm tob

ijrcbtpajkb. Bvbry tnurgst gs fgeebrbmt. Bvbry tnurgst ebbas jttrjktbf `y fgeebrbmt tnurgst fbstgmjtgnms, agcbs tn bmdjdb gm

fgeebrbmt jktgvgtgbs wogab nm vjkjtgnm, ijcbs usb ne fgeebrbmt bmtbrtjgmibmt ejkgagtgbs jmf knipajgms j`nut fgeebrbmt jspbkts

ne tobgr vjkjtgnm. Togab jaa tnurgsts jrb fgeebrbmt, snib jrb inrb sgigajr tn bjko ntobr tojm ntobrs< ijmy pbnpab bmlny

kuaturb tnurgsi, ijmy tnurgsts agcb tn scg furgmd tobgr wgmtbr onagfjy jmf ijmy tnurgsts rbqugrb bmtbrtjgmibmt ejkgagtgbs enr

kogafrbm jt tob fbstgmjtgnm. Jkcmnwabfdgmd tojt bvbry tnurgst gs fgeebrbmt jmf tojt tnurgsi gmfustry kjmmnt pnssgày kjtbr

enr bjko gmfgvgfuja sbpjrjtbay enris tob `jsgs ne ijrcbt sbdibmtjtgnm. [igto (:725) gmtrnfukbs tob knmkbpt ne ijrcbtsbdibmtjtgnm js j strjtbdy. Ob stjtbs tojt "Ijrcbt sbdibmtjtgnm S…Y knmsgsts ne vgbwgmd j obtbrndbmbnus ijrcbt (nmb

kojrjktbrgzbf `y fgvbrdbmt fbijmf) js j mui`br ne sijaabr onindbmbnus ijrcbts". Tobm sbdibmtgmd j ijrcbt, drnups

ne gmfgvgfujas jrb fbvbanpbf wogko jrb sgigajr wgto rbspbkt tn snib pbrsnmja kojrjktbrgstgk.

Vob pjrtgkuajr pbrsnmja kojrjktbrgstgk wgto rbspbkt tn wogko sgigajrgty gs bxpanrbf gs tob sbdibmtjtgnm krgtbrgnm nr

sbdibmtjtgnm `jsb. [bdibmtjtgnm krgtbrgj/`jsbs kjm `b snkgn-fbindrjpogks (enr gmstjmkb, naf vbrsus ynumd tnurgsts),

`bojvgnrja vjrgjàbs (scgbrs vbrsus sgdotsbbrs) nr psykondrjpogk vjrgjàbs (tnurgsts intgvjtbf `y rbst jmf rbajtgnm vbrsus

tonsb intgvjtbf `y jktgnm jmf kojaabmdbs).Ijrcbt sbdibmtjtgnm kjm `b jppagbf `y jmy umgt npbrjtgmd gm tnurgsi gmfustry<

ontbas, trjvba jdbmkgbs, tnurgst jttrjktgnms, rbstjurjmts, jmf ankja kojrgtgbs. J tnurgsi fbstgmjtgnm gs tob bmtgty enr wogko

ijrcbt sbdibmtjtgnm gs knmfuktbf. Vob bmbegt ne ijrcbt sbdibmtjtgnm agbs gm j tnurgst fbstgmjtgnm bgmd jàb tn spbkgjagzb

nm tob mbbfs ne j pjrtgkuajr drnup jmf `bknib tob `bst gm kjtbrgmd enr togs drnup. Gm fngmd sn tob fbstgmjtgnm djgms j

knipbtgtgvb jfvjmtjdb `bkjusb (:) knipbtgtgnm kjm `b rbfukbf erni tob dan`ja ijrcbt tn tnurgsi fbstgmjtgnms spbkgjagz-

gmd nm tob sjib sbdibmt (b.d., jaa bkntnurgsi fbstgmjtgnms), (0) beenrts kjm `b enkusbf nm giprnvgmd tob prnfukt gm jspbkgegk wjy rjtobr tojm trygmd tn prnvgfb jaa togmds tn pbnpab jt ogdo knst (b.d., j ejigay fbstgmjtgnm gs umagcbay tn mbbf

bxtbmsgvb mgdotageb nptgnms), (;) ijrcbtgmd beenrts kjm `b enkusbf `y fbvbanpgmd tob inst beebktgvb ibssjdb enr tob

sbdibmt tjrdbtbf (b.d., j sum jmf eum ibssjdb enr ynumd tnurgsts trjvbagmd wgto ergbmfs) jmf `y kniiumgkjtgmd tob

ibssjdb tornudo tob inst beebktgvb kniiumgkjtgnm kojmmba enr tob sbdibmt (b.d., gm mjtgnmja dbndrjpogk nr ntobr mjturb

ijdjzgmbs enr bkn tnurgsts), jmf egmjaay, (6) tnurgst bxpbrgbmkgmd j vjkjtgnm jt j fbstgmjtgnm tojt sugts tobgr spbkgja mbbfs jrb

agcbay tn `b inrb sjtgsegbf wgto tobgr stjy jmf, knmsbqubmtay, rbvgsgt jmf jfvbrtgsb tob fbstgmjtgnm jinmd agcb-igmfbf

ergbmfs. Nr, js [igto stjtbf gm ogs sbigmja pjpbr (:725)< "ijrcbt sbdibmtjtgnm tbmfs tn prnfukb fbpto ne ijrcbt pnsgtgnm

gm tob sbdibmts tojt jrb beebktgvbay fbegmbf jmf pbmbtrjtbf. Vob Snrdjmgzjtgnm tojtY bipanys ijrcbt sbdibmtjtgnm strgvbf

tn sbkurb nmb nr inrb wbfdb-sojpbf pgbkbf Sne tob ijrcbt kjcbY."Vob bxjipabs j`nvb fbinmstrjtb tojt tob bxpbktbf

nutknib erni ijrcbt sbdibmtjtgnm gs knipbtgtgvb jfvjmtjdb. Knmsbqubmtay, tob jgi ne tob jktuja sbdibmtjtgnm tjsc gs tn

Drnup tnurgsts gm tob wjy tojt gs ne inst ijmjdbrgja vjaub. Gm nrfbr enr j sbdibmt tn `b ijmjdbrgjaay usbeua j mui`br ne

rbqugrbibmts sonuaf b euaegaabf<:. Vob sbdibmt sonuaf `b fgstgmkt ibjmgmd tojt ibi`brs ne nmb sbdibmt sonuaf `b js sgigajr js pnssgàb tn bjko

ntobr jmf js fgeebrbmt js pnssgàb erni ntobr sbdibmts.

0. Vob sbdibmt sonuaf `b rbjkoj ab gm nrfbr tn bmjàb fbstgmjtgnm ijmjdbibmt tn kniiumgkjtb beebktgvbay. Enr

gmstjmkb, sure tnurgsts jrb agcbay tn rbjf sure ijdjzgmbs wogko knuaf `b usbf tn jfvbrtgsb tob fbstgmjtgnm.

;. J sbdibmt sonuaf `b sugtjàb gm sgzb. Vogs fnbs mnt mbkbssjrgay gipay tojt j `gddbr sbdibmt gs `bttbr.

6. Vob sbdibmt sonuaf ijtko tob strbmdtos ne tob tnurgsi fbstgmjtgnm.

2. Vob sbdibmt sonuaf `b gfbmtgegjàb. Togab ebijab trjvbabrs kjm `b gfbmtgegbf vbry bjsgay, gfbmtgegkjtgnm ne tonsb

vgsgtnrs won jrb intgvjtbf `y rbst jmf rbajxjtgnm ijy mnt `b js sgipab.

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7/21/2019 TS-6-EM


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