WEATHER SUMMARY OF NEPAL Surkhet YEAR ...dhm.gov.np/uploads/getforecast/1001026204Annual weather...Monsoon (June-September) and Post-monsoon (October-November). Seasonal rainfall and

Dipayal

Dadeldhura

Dhangadhi

Jumla

Surkhet

Nepalgunj Dang

Bhairahawa

Pokhara

Simara

Kathmandu

Okhaldhunga

Dhankuta

Biratnagar

Taplejung

-0.2 0.2 1 2 3 4

WEATHER SUMMARY OF NEPAL YEAR – 2014

Warm Monsoon 2014: Monsoon average maximum temperature departure from normal

Government of Nepal Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation

Department of Hydrology and Meteorology

Climatology Division, Climate Section

Kathmandu, Nepal Jestha 2075 (May 2018)

Monsoon average rainfall over Nepal

(Below Normal)

1

Government of Nepal Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation

Department of Hydrology and Meteorology

Nagpokhari, Kathmandu, Nepal.

ANNUAL WEATHER SUMMARY OF 2014

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 HIGHLIGHTS

Rainfall plays a vital role in the proper management of agriculture and water resources of Nepal.

Deficit in rainfall can severely reduce the agricultural production leading to the food insecurity and

famine in severe case in many parts of the country and create shortage of water in rivers and

reservoirs which can aggravate the existing drinking water and electricity problem. Similarly, excess

rainfall can destroy the agricultural production and increase the incidence of floods and landslides.

Therefore, a small discrepancy in rainfall can have a significant impact on socioeconomic conditions

of the country.

Rainfall is an important meteorological parameter for the country like Nepal where the gross product

of the country depends moreover with the agricultural products, especially the season monsoon. It is a

major role of the meteorological sector like us to give the output of the annual data in publication

format. This report is the overall analysis of the climate for the year 2014.

Winter in 2014 remained drier than normal except the southern parts of the western regions with the

northern parts of the western and adjoining mid-western lands. Winter rainfall was below normal in

almost the entire country and less than 60% in large parts of the country. Pre-monsoon recorded

normal to below normal rainfall. Monsoon this year advanced into the eastern Nepal on 20th June

delayed by 10 days from the normal onset date of 10th June. Monsoon was active mainly in July,

August and September with normal to above normal rainfall over large parts of the country. In July

however, rainfall was normal to below normal in Eastern, Central and Western Regions. Monsoon

retreat this year was on 7th of October delayed by 14 days. Post-monsoon rainfall was mostly normal

to above normal. Temperature especially the maximum temperature largely remained above normal in

2014. Minimum temperature though was normal to above normal most of the time, however in Pre-

monsoon, minimum temperature remained above normal in large parts of the country.

1.2 DATA USED

Total seasonal rainfall/temperature data from 72 stations were used for the analysis (Table 1). Some

stations had irregular data during the year and were not used for the annual weather analysis. The

stations with irregular data are included only in the monthly and seasonal weather analysis for which

data is available. Percentage of rainfall compared to the normal value is calculated to study the excess

or deficit of rainfall. Similarly, seasonal contribution to the annual total rainfall has also been

computed (Table 2). In case of temperature, seasonal and annual maximum and minimum

temperature along with the departure from normal have been computed and presented in Table 3. For

rainfall, ± 10% i.e. 90% to 110% of the normal rainfall is considered as near normal to normal and for

temperature ± 0.2 °C anomaly is considered as normal. Normal used in this report is the average of

the period 1981-2010. The location of the stations is shown in Fig. 1.

2

27

28

29

30

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DH

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3

Table 1: List of Stations

Index No

Stations Station Category

Latitude (deg. min.)

Longitude (deg. min.)

Elevation (m)

0102 Baitadi C 29°33' 80°25' 1635

0104 Dadeldhura S 29°18' 80°35' 1848

0105 Sundarpur Ag 29°02' 80°13' 176

0107 Darchula C 29°51' 80°34' 1097

0202 Chainpur (West) C 29°33' 80°25' 1635

0204 Bajura C 29°23' 81°19' 1400

0209 Dhangadhi S 28°41' 80°36' 170

0217 Mangalsen P 29°09' 81°17' 1345

0218 Dipayal ( Doti ) S 29°15' 80°57' 617

0303 Jumla S 29°17' 82°10' 2300

0308 Nagma P 29°12' 81°54' 1905

0312 Dunai C 28°56' 82°55' 2058

0402 Dailekh C 28°51' 81°43' 1402

0404 Jajarkot P 28°42' 82°12' 1231

0406 Surkhet (Birendra Nagar ) S 28°36' 81°37' 670

0408 Gulariya P 28°10' 81°21' 215

0420 Nepalgunj S, A 28°06' 81°40' 165

0504 Libang Gaun C 28°18' 82°38' 1270

0505 Bijuwar Tar P 28°06' 82°52' 823

0511 Salyan Bazar C 28°23' 82°10' 1457

0513 Chaurjhari Tar C 28°38' 82°12' 910

0515 Dang ( Ghorai ) S 28°03' 82°30' 634

0601 Jomsom C 28°47' 83°43' 2744

0605 Baglung C 28°16' 83°36' 984

0609 Beni Bazar C 28°21' 83°34' 835

0614 Kusma C 28°13' 83°42' 891

0702 Tansen C 27°52' 83°32' 1067

0705 Bhairahawa S, A 27°31' 83°26' 109

0706 Dumkauli Ag 27°41' 84°13' 154

0715 Khanchikot C 27°56' 83°09' 1760

0716 Taulihawa C 27°33' 83°04' 94

0725 Tamghas C 28°04' 83°15' 1530

0728 Semari C 27°32' 83°45' 154

0802 Khudi Bazar C 28°17' 84°22' 823

0804 Pokhara S, A 28°13' 84°00' 827

0805 Syangja C 28°06' 83°53' 868

0809 Gorkha Ag 28°00' 84°37' 1097

0814 Lumle Ag 28°18' 83°48' 1740

0815 Khairanitar Ag 28°02' 84°06' 500

0816 Chame C 28°33' 84°14' 2680

0902 Rampur Ag 27°37' 84°25' 256

4

0906 Hetauda C 27°25' 85°03' 474

0909 Simara S, A 27°10' 84°59' 130

0910 Nijgadh P 27°11' 85°10' 244

0918 Birgunj P 27°00' 84°52' 91

0922 Gaur C 26°46' 85°18' 90

1004 Nuwakot C 27°55' 85°10' 1003

1005 Dhading P 27°52' 84°56' 1420

1022 Godavari C 27°35' 85°24' 1400

1027 Bahrabise P 27°47' 85°54' 1220

1030 Kathmandu S, A 27°42’ 85°22’ 1336

1036 Panchkhal C 27°41' 85°38' 865

1043 Nagarkot C 27°42’ 85°31’ 2163

1055 Dhunche C 28°06’ 85°18’ 1982

1073 Khokana C 27°46’ 85°25’ 1490

1103 Jiri Ag 27°38’ 86°14’ 2003

1107 Sindhuli Madhi C 27°17' 85°58' 1463

1111 Janakpur C 26°43' 85°58' 90

1122 Jalesore C 26°39' 85°47' 172

1123 Manthali P 27°28' 86°05' 495

1206 Okhaldhunga S 27°19' 86°30' 1720

1211 Khotang Bazar C 27°02' 86°50' 1295

1215 Lahan Ag 26°44' 86°26' 138

1223 Rajbiraj C 26°33' 86°45' 91

1303 Chainpur ( East ) C 27°17' 87°20' 1329

1307 Dhankuta S 26°59' 87°21' 1210

1311 Dharan C 26°49' 87°17' 444

1314 Terhathum C 27°08' 87°33' 1633

1319 Biratnagar S, A 26°29' 87°16' 72

1405 Taplejung S 27°21' 87°40' 1732

1407 Ilam Ag 26°55' 87°54' 1300

1419 Phidim C 27°09' 87°45' 1205

1421 Kankai Ag 26°35' 87°54' 143

Note: S, A = Synoptic and Aeronautical , S = Synoptic, Ag = Agro-meteorological, C = Climatological, P = Precipitation

2. SEASONAL WEATHER

Seasonal analysis

Seasons are divided into winter (December previous year-February), Pre-monsoon (March-May),

Monsoon (June-September) and Post-monsoon (October-November). Seasonal rainfall and

temperature analysis have been described in this section.

5

2.1 Winter season (December 2013– February 2014)

Rainfall

Winter (December previous year-February) is the driest season compared to other seasons in Nepal,

amounting about 3.5% of total annual rainfall. The winter rainfall was comparatively below normal

than the previous year in 2013. The total seasonal rainfall as usual was more in the north western

parts and less towards the east (Fig. 2.1a). Eastern Region received lesser rainfall during the entire 3

months of the winter season. It varied from 3.5mm in the Eastern Region to 203.4 mm in the Far

Western Region (Table 2.2). Rainfall was normal to above normal, the highest in the dry zone of the

country, over western half of Western Region and south-western corner of the Far-western Region.

Rainfall was below normal Eastern Region and most of Central Region with southern part of Mid-

western and northwestern corner of the Far-western region (Fig. 2.1b). December 2013 was dry and

January 2014 recorded below normal rainfall in most of the eastern parts with very less rainfall.

However, rainfall was received throughout the country except pockets of central and northern parts of

all regions over the country in February. Annual contribution of rainfall in winter was less than 5% in

almost eastern half of the country and isolated areas in the mid and far western region. The maximum

annual contribution for winter season lied in the western region at Nagma (20.9%).

Western disturbances, the upper air westerly troughs (low pressure system), are the main rain bearing

weather systems in winter. This year, the frequency of western disturbances was less than normal and

those western disturbances also did not pass over Nepal until February, moving north-eastward

towards Tibet, slightly affecting only northwestern parts of Nepal. These two are the main causes for

dry winter this year in Nepal.

6

Fig 2.1a: Winter rainfall (mm)

Fig. 2.1b: Winter rainfall as % of normal (Gray: normal)

7

Fig. 2.1c: Winter rainfall as a percentage of annual rainfall

Temperature

Temperature wise this year, the daily maximum temperature in winter was warmer than normal in

large parts of the country (Fig. 2.1e) especially in northern parts. Central part of Western and central

Region, western corner of Far western region and Southern parts of the country, however, recorded

the normal to below normal maximum temperature. The maximum temperature varied between less

than 12°C in the northwestern parts of Western region and adjoining parts of Mid western Region to

above 24°C in the southeastern corner of Eastern region (Fig. 2.1d & Table 2.3).

Minimum temperature remained normal to warmer than normal in large parts of the Far-western and

Mid-western and western region and the eastern corner and southern plains of Eastern Region, while

the western area of Eastern adjoining Central Region, southwestern plains of Western Region,

northeastern half of the Mid-western Region with some isolated patches in the rest of the country

recorded below normal temperature (Fig. 2.1g). Minimum temperature varied between below subzero

-2°C in the northern parts and above 12°C in the southern plains (Fig. 2.1f). Fog episode was severe

during the winter starting from the third week of December (23rd ) up to the end of the season which

affected the Tarai region a lot (Fig. 2.1h). But it was intermittent in the last week of December, third

week of January and first week of February in different stations. There was the drop of maximum

temperature by 10.8°C in Simara Airport on 2nd February and 10°C on 14th February on Dhangadhi

and Biratnagar Airport compared to the normal maximum temperature.

8

Fig. 2.1d: Winter average maximum temperature (°C)

Fig. 2.1e: Winter maximum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)

9

Fig. 2.1f: Winter average minimum temperature (°C)

Fig. 2.1g: Winter minimum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)

10

Fig. 2.1h: Maximum temperature anomaly in (a) Dhangadhi, (b) Bhairahawa, (c) Simara and (d)

Biratnagar during December 2013 – February 2014.

2.2 Pre-monsoon season (March – May)

Rainfall

Pre-monsoon rainfall (covers nearly 11.8% of the annual) is characterized by isolated thundershower

activities due to the convection instability caused by the high day-time temperature and supported by

the forced topographical ascent. As a result, mountainous regions receive comparatively more

precipitation. Apart from these mechanisms, several cyclonic circulations over the north eastern

plains and sub Himalayan regions of India also affected the weather systems in Nepal. Rainfall varied

between less than 50 mm at isoalated patches in the central,westernmiswestern and farwestern region

to to over 350 mm in the isolated northern part of the eastern region (Fig. 2.2a). Rainfall was below

normal in large parts of the country (Fig. 2.2b). However, some isolated spots in the Eastern, Central

and Western Region received above normal rainfall. The annual contribution of the pre-monsoon

rainfall was less than 10% over the larger area of the country (Fig. 2.2c). The highest contribution

was 60% in Dhankuta and lowest was 1.3% in Nijgadh (Table 2.2).

11

Fig. 2.2a: Pre-monsoon rainfall (mm)

Fig. 2.2b: Pre-monsoon rainfall as % of normal (Gray: normal)

12

Fig. 2.2c: Pre-monsoon rainfall as % of annual rainfall

Temperature

Temperature during the pre-monsoon season rises due to the increase in solar insolation. This rise in

temperature is blocked with the arrival of the monsoon. Rainfall cools the surface while the clouds

restrict the incoming solar radiation by reflecting them in the outer space. The day time pre-monsoon

maximum temperature in 2014 varied between over 36°C in most of the southern plains to less than

18°C in the north (Fig. 2.2d). Maximum temperature was normal to above normal in large parts of the

country (Fig. 2.2e) except in the dry region in the north western parts of Western Region, northern

parts of the Mid-western region and some isolated patches in the Far-western and Central Region.

The positive anomaly was highest in the south of western region.

Minimum temperature was normal to below normal in large parts of the country. However, central to

northeastern parts of Western Regions, some central to southern parts of Central Region and southern

parts of Eastern Region including some isolated patched here and there recorded below normal

minimum temperature (Fig. 2.2g). Minimum temperature varied between above 20 °C in the southern

plains to less than 4°C in the north (Fig. 2.2f).

13

Fig. 2.2d: Pre-monsoon average maximum temperature (°C)

Fig. 2.2e: Pre-monsoon maximum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)

14

Fig. 2.2f: Pre-monsoon average minimum temperature (°C)

Fig. 2.2g: Pre-monsoon minimum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)

2.3 Monsoon season (June – September)

Monsoon is the main rainy season contributing about 80 percent of the total annual rainfall in the

country. It plays a vital role in the country’s economy as the agricultural production depends heavily

on the timely onset and spatial and temporal distribution of monsoon rain. Though the first monsoon

15

rain brings a lot of hope to the farmer community, it also brings water induced disasters like floods

and landslides.

This year, the onset of monsoon in Nepal was observed on 20th June, ten days later than the normal

onset date 10th June and retreated from Nepal on 7th October, 14 days later than the normal

withdrawal day of 23rd September. The total number of normal monsoon days in Nepal is 106 days.

But, this year’s monsoon lasted for 110 days (20th June-7th October), 4 days more than the normal

days.

This year’s total monsoon rainfall distribution is presented in Fig. 2.3a. More rainfall amount was

recorded in and around Pokhara and Lumle area as usual. Rainfall varied from less than 500mm in

Jomsom and neighborhood to above 4500 mm in Lumle (Fig 2.3a). In the western parts of the

country, the total rainfall decrease from south towards north is quite evident. Normal to below normal

rainfall was recorded in most parts of the country (Fig. 2.3b) except in some isolated places. Below

normal rainfall was recorded in large parts of the Far-western, Western, Eastern and Central Region

including the drier areas of Jomsom and vicinities. However, large parts of the western region,

northern parts of the central region, southern parts of the Midwestern region and some isolated spots

received above normal rainfall in this monsoon. Kushma in the western region received more than

700% of the normal monsoon rainfall this year. The contribution of monsoon rainfall this year was

less than 90% in large parts of the country and above normal in the southern parts of Mid-western

Region, west central and northern parts of Western Region with adjoining northern parts of the

Central and Eastern Region and around Dhankuta(Fig. 2.3b).

.

Fig. 2.3a: Monsoon rainfall (mm)

16

Fig. 2.3b: Monsoon rainfall as % of normal (Gray: normal)

Fig. 2.3c: Monsoon rainfall as % of annual rainfall

Temperature

The day time maximum temperature during the monsoon season mostly remained normal to above

normal in the country except in the central pocket of the southern plains in the Eastern Region,

northeastern corner of the Western with adjoining corners of the Central Region and east-central

pocket of the Mid-western Region (Fig. 2.3e). The maximum temperature varied between above 36°C

in the southern plains to less than 24°C in the north (Fig. 2.3d).

17

Similarly, the minimum temperature remained normal to above normal in large parts of the country

(Fig. 2.3g). Some of the places remained cooler than normal especially the narrow eastern parts of the

Eastern, and southern parts of Central Regions and some isolated spots in the Western and Eastern

Regions.The minimum temperature varied between less than 12°C in the north of the country to about

26 °C in the southern plains.

Fig. 2.3d: Monsoon average maximum temperature (°C)

Fig. 2.3e: Monsoon maximum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)

18

Fig. 2.3f: Monsoon average minimum temperature (°C)

Fig. 2.3g: Monsoon minimum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)

2.3.1 Monsoon Monitoring 2014

Monsoon in Nepal usually starts from June and lasts till end of September. In this section daily

accumulated rainfall is compared with the long term daily average accumulated rainfall throughout

the monsoon season at the 15 stations stretching from East to West and covering Tarai, mountains and

valleys (Fig. 2.3.1a to c).The accumulated rainfall below or above the normal accumulation provides

the condition of dryness or wetness (possibility of floods/landslides) of the region. The summary of

the monsoon rainfall is presented in Table 2.3.1. All Nepal 2014 accumulated monsoon rainfall was

19

below normal throughout the season. The total average of the monsoon rain was 86.7% compared to

the normal.

Table 2.3.1: Accumulated monsoon rainfall in different regions from June to September

Region/ Eastern Region

Central Region

Western Region

Mid-western Region

Far-western Region Topography

Hills Taplejung Lumle Jumla Dadeldhura

Normal up to July and then slightly below normal. But overall normal.

Slightly below normal up to mid-August then normal. Overall normal

Below normal in the first two months and normal to slightly above normal from the late July. Overall normal

Below normal up to mid-July, then above normal up to first week of September. Overall normal

Okhaldhunga

Normal to mid- July, then below normal. Overall below normal

Valley/ Midland

Dhankuta Kathmandu Pokhara Surkhet Dipayal

Below normal throughout the season. Severely below normal (<50%)

Slightly below normal to normal. Overall normal

Around normal till mid-August then above normal. Overall normal

Below normal till mid-August then above normal. Overall above normal

Normal to slightly below normal till July, then below normal. Overall Below normal (≈70%)

Tarai Biratnagar Janakpur/ Simara

Bhairahawa Nepalgunj Dhangadhi

Above normal up to mid-July then below normal. Overall below normal.

Normal in the June then Below normal. Overall below normal (<75%)

Below normal throughout the monsoon.

Below normal to normal till the mid July, then below normal till mid-August, then about normal onwards. Overall normal. The sudden surge from below normal to above normal was due to heavy rain on 13-15th August accumulation of 574.5mm which broke the 24hr rainfall record of that month.

Below normal throughout the season(<75%)

20

Fig: 2.3.1(a)

21

(b)Continued….

22

(c)

Fig. 2.3.1a - 2.3.1c: Accumulated rainfall in Monsoon 2014 compared to the normal accumulation in

monsoon.

2.4 Post-monsoon season (October – November)

Rainfall

This year’s monsoon retreated from the entire country only on 7th October, 14 days later than the

normal withdrawal date of 23rd September. Under the influence of a western disturbance in October

some amount of rainfall was recorded in the country (Fig. 2.4a). Post-monsoon rainfall (overall 4.2%

of normal annual contribution) was more as usual in and around the Pokhara valley in the Western

Region. The highest total rainfall of only 214.1mm rainfall was recorded in Khanchikot (Table 2.2).

Rainfall was normal to above normal over most parts of the country except in the Eastern Region,

Eastern part of Central region and southernmost half of the Mid-western (Fig. 2.4b). Beni Bazar in the

Western Region received the highest 378.4% of the normal rainfall (Table 2.2). Post-monsoon

contribution to the annual total rainfall was less than 16% in the most parts of the country (Fig. 2.4c).

The contribution varied from 1.4 at Okhaldhunga to the highest 28.4 % in Simara(Table 2.2).

23

Fig. 2.4a: Post-monsoon rainfall (mm)

Fig. 2.4b: Post-monsoon rainfall as % of normal (Gray: normal)

24

Fig. 2.4c: Post-monsoon rainfall as % of annual rainfall

Temperature

Post-monsoon season remained warmer than normal. The maximum temperature was normal to above

normal in large parts of the country (Fig. 2.4e). Khairinitar in the Western Region recorded the

highest positive anomaly of 5.0°C (Table 2.3). Northwestern part of the Western Region and its

adjoining areas of northwestern parts of Mid-western Region, some western parts of Central Region ;

some Tarai region of the Eastern, Western, Mid-western and Far-western Region and some isolated

spots here and there recorded slightly below normal temperature. The maximum temperature varied

between less than 18°C in the north to above 30°C in the southern plains (Fig. 2.4d).

Minimum temperature was normal to slightly above normal (Fig. 2.4g). Normal to above normal

temperature was recorded in the northeastern half of the Western Region, almost all of Far-western

Region adjoining central of Mid-western , and Central Region adjoining Western region and central

whole of Eastern Region joining north and south . Ilam in the Eastern Region recorded the lowest

negative anomaly of –3.1°C and Dailekh recorded the highest positive anomaly of 1.6°C (Table 2.3).

The minimum temperature in the post-monsoon season varied between less than 2°C in the north and

above 18°C in the southern plains (Fig. 2.4f).

25

Fig. 2.4d: Post-monsoon average maximum temperature (°C)

Fig. 2.4e: Post-monsoon maximum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)

26

Fig. 2.4f: Post-monsoon average minimum temperature (°C)

Fig. 2.4g: Post-monsoon minimum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)

Annual Weather

Rainfall

Annual rainfall distribution (Fig. 2.5a) shows the similar pattern to that of monsoon season. Rainfall

varied from 323.5 mm at Jomsom area to more than 5157.2 mm at Lumle area in the Western Region

(Table 2.2). Large parts of the country received normal to below normal rainfall (Fig. 2.5b) with a

small pockets of above normal rainfall in the central parts of Eastern, Mid-western and Western

27

Region with northern part of adjoining Western & Mid-western Region with a pocket at southern

corner of Mid-western Region. However, Simara (24.2%), Nijgadh (32.7%) and Khotang Bazar

(46.9%) recorded less than 50% of normal annual rainfall. Annual and Seasonal rainfall data are

presented in Table 2.2.

Fig. 2.5a: Annual rainfall (mm)

Fig. 2.5b: Annual rainfall as % of normal (Gray: normal)

Disaster due to rain, flood and other meteorological events in 2014

This year about 129 people died due to floods and 113 people died due landslides which were mostly

in the monsoon season. The thunderbolt which occurs especially in the pre and post-monsoon killed

99 people this year. These disasters affected 57 out of 75 districts. Among these disasters, the extreme

28

one occurred in the districts of Far-western Region due to heavy rainfall from 13-16 August. The

highest number of causalities occurred in this period on different places around the country.

S.No.Type of

DisasterDeath Missing Injured

Affected

Family

Animal

LossComp. Partly

Shed

Destroyed

Estimated

Losses (in Rs.)

1 Flood 65 129 133 36 36514 4437 8622 24447 2 14917613938

2 Landslide 75 113 129 96 491 69 143 37 14 23665979

3 Wind Storm 15 3 0 9 0 0 0 23 0 11562000

4 Thunderbolt 177 99 0 227 5 80 2 3 10 10346000

5 Heavy rainfal 20 6 0 6 0 9 12 4 3 4377000

Government of Nepal

Ministry of Home Affairs

National Emergency Operation Center

Loss of Lives and Properties from Disaster

2014 (January 1st to December 31st)

No. of

Events

People House Destroyed

Temperature

The annual maximum temperature varied from less than 18°C in northern part of Mid–western and

Western Regions to more than 32°C in southern plains in each region (Fig. 2.5c). Except few small

pockets of below normal maximum temperature in areas as northwest corner of Central Region, north

corner adjoining Western and Mid-western Region, southwest corner of Far-western Region, south

central part of Western Region, rest of the entire country recorded normal to above normal annual

maximum temperature (Fig. 2.5d) with the highest positive anomaly of 2.7°C at Syanja (Table 2.3).

The annual minimum temperature varied from less than 6°C in northern part of Mid-western Region

to more than 18°C at southern plain of Western Region (Fig. 2.5e). Annual minimum temperature

was normal to above normal in the most parts of the country except for the adjoining central parts of

Eastern and Central Regions with southern parts of Central Region and north eastern central part of

Mid-western Region (Fig. 2.5f). The highest negative anomaly of -2.0°C was recorded at Gaur in the

Central Region and positive anomaly of 1.2°C in Dailekh in the Mid-western Region (Table 2.3).

Fig. 2.5d: Annual average maximum temperature (°C)

29

Fig. 2.5e: Annual maximum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)

Fig. 2.5f: Annual average minimum temperature (°C)

30

Fig. 2.5g: Annual minimum temperature departure from normal (°C) (Gray: normal)

Table 2.2: Annual and seasonal rainfall (mm) in 2014.

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Baitadi 797.2 58.2 120.9 93.7 12.8 59.9 24.0 6.3 609.8 65.3 64.6 6.6 5.5 0.7

Dadeldhura 1475.6 105.5 173.7 135.4 11.5 181.0 88.7 11.9 985.4 97.3 65.0 135.5 252.6 8.9

Sundarpur 1950.3 101.8 160.1 187.5 7.9 42.2 46.3 2.1 1618.3 96.8 80.1 129.7 190.8 6.4

Darchula 1819.7 72.6 44.2 32.0 2.4 97.0 36.3 5.3 1558.3 76.8 84.7 120.2 161.2 6.5

Bajura 2016.5 102.0 113.6 69.0 5.6 146.7 62.8 7.3 1675.4 110.0 82.8 80.8 146.3 4.0

Dhangadhi 1504.4 79.7 73.0 92.8 4.8 84.9 71.4 5.5 1258.4 77.0 82.1 88.1 157.8 5.7

Mangalsen 1058.4 73.8 158.1 100.7 14.4 56.8 27.1 5.2 760.1 75.4 69.3 83.4 140.5 7.6

Dipayal ( Doti ) 886.9 79.4 123.7 111.7 13.4 87.2 53.8 9.5 578.4 72.9 62.8 97.6 188.2 10.6

Jumla 757.0 93.3 76.2 93.6 9.5 117.2 76.5 14.6 497.7 93.7 62.2 65.9 144.7 8.2

Gam Shree Nagar X X 201.5 277.4 X 22.3 18.6 X 358.0 65.0 X X X X

Nagma 925.3 116.9 203.4 165.4 20.9 171.0 94.9 17.6 488.7 110.9 50.2 62.2 129.7 6.4

Dunai 387.0 101.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.0 45.7 7.0 325.0 127.5 75.9 32.0 114.6 7.5

Dailekh 1359.8 75.5 117.8 131.9 8.4 62.4 35.5 4.4 1150.0 77.2 81.9 29.6 62.8 2.1

Jajarkot 1144.6 59.3 86.6 95.8 7.4 73.6 46.9 6.3 956.4 59.6 81.4 28.0 35.0 2.4

Surkhet (Birendranagar) 1901.5 116.5 87.4 91.7 4.5 87.4 59.7 4.5 1694.3 126.7 87.9 32.4 62.2 1.7

Nepalgunj X X X X X 24.1 24.4 1.5 1375.6 114.1 87.4 66.0 96.9 4.2

Libang Gaun 1137.3 67.6 104.3 107.5 9.0 82.9 42.7 7.1 875.4 65.6 75.4 74.7 128.5 6.4

Bijuwar Tar 954.4 75.6 52.1 85.1 5.3 94.6 59.6 9.6 740.2 74.0 74.9 67.5 160.4 6.8

Salyan Bazar X X X X X 67.8 51.4 5.8 961.6 69.4 81.8 60.0 66.4 5.1

Chaurjhari Tar 834.8 80.8 44.4 52.7 5.2 18.0 15.1 2.1 747.4 96.2 88.1 25.0 47.2 2.9

Dang ( Ghorai ) X X X X X 120.1 84.7 6.9 1507.5 114.0 86.3 36.6 54.4 2.1

Jomsom 323.5 119.2 55.6 211.8 15.9 81.1 123.0 23.3 111.5 76.6 32.0 75.3 223.8 21.6

Baglung 1673.2 85.4 80.1 127.1 4.8 144.2 63.7 8.6 1316.2 82.0 78.7 132.7 201.4 7.9

Beni Bazar X X X X X 120.9 166.3 X 1272.6 586.6 X 115.6 378.4 X

Kusma 2706.4 548.5 55.6 144.2 2.0 159.6 198.4 5.8 2344.6 704.2 85.5 146.6 353.5 5.3

Tansen 1402.2 88.7 63.2 97.2 4.4 158.1 108.2 11.0 1020.2 77.7 71.3 160.7 278.2 11.2

Bhairahawa Airport 1532.7 88.8 70.8 140.9 4.6 78.9 62.9 5.1 1212.9 82.9 78.3 170.1 198.6 11.0

Dumkauli 2321.7 96.9 32.2 58.3 1.4 98.8 35.2 4.3 2068.7 105.3 89.1 122.0 128.4 5.3

Khanchikot 1796.8 99.7 126.1 137.8 6.8 113.1 62.4 6.1 1343.5 92.4 72.7 214.1 282.8 11.6

Taulihawa 1463.2 100.8 68.4 155.5 4.6 42.4 43.7 2.9 1222.9 96.4 82.2 129.5 301.4 8.7

Tamghas 1835.6 97.4 106.2 134.4 5.6 222.3 98.2 11.8 1363.1 89.8 72.3 144.0 235.3 7.6

Semari 1687.6 88.8 56.0 109.8 3.3 89.0 51.0 5.2 1348.6 84.3 78.9 194.0 257.1 11.4

Khudi Bazar X X 34.9 36.3 X 258.4 59.9 X 1777.0 65.2 X X X X

Pokhara Airport 3943.1 101.1 35.3 44.4 0.9 247.7 45.3 6.2 3491.1 112.0 87.9 169.0 107.3 4.3

Syangja 2528.3 88.5 18.1 26.1 0.7 174.5 41.9 6.9 2220.3 97.7 87.9 115.4 118.3 4.6

Gorkha 1628.0 97.3 72.4 129.1 4.4 147.5 48.6 8.9 1287.7 101.7 77.4 120.4 260.9 7.2

Lumle 5157.2 93.5 45.3 43.6 0.9 241.4 48.5 4.7 4695.0 100.3 90.5 175.5 76.1 3.4

Khairanitar 2063.9 89.4 37.4 58.1 1.8 148.1 31.6 7.1 1723.0 101.8 82.6 155.4 185.7 7.4

Chame X X 24.0 23.6 X X X X 1818.8 302.0 X X X X

Rampur X X X X X 120.5 47.1 5.7 1871.5 111.8 88.4 85.0 98.5 4.0

Hetauda N.F.I. 1490.7 60.5 40.2 78.8 2.7 95.3 33.4 6.4 1226.7 60.6 81.9 128.5 126.8 8.6

Simara 462.6 24.2 31.2 78.5 6.6 166.0 83.1 35.3 132.0 8.3 28.1 133.4 179.3 28.4

Nijgadh 664.5 32.7 25.0 62.3 3.7 27.1 12.5 4.0 561.6 33.6 83.6 50.8 49.3 7.6

Stations

AnnualWinter (Dec 2013 - Feb

2014)

Pre-monsoon

(Mar - May)

Monsoon

(Jun - Sep)

Post-monsoon

(Oct - Nov)

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Stations

AnnualWinter (Dec 2013 - Feb

2014)

Pre-monsoon

(Mar - May)

Monsoon

(Jun - Sep)

Post-monsoon

(Oct - Nov)

Birganj X X X X X X X X 1604.5 118.9 X X X X

Gaur X X X X X 67.1 36.4 6.2 934.6 82.9 86.6 42.0 65.8 3.9

Nuwakot X X X X X 109.4 51.6 X X X X 78.5 124.0 X

Dhading X X 0.0 0.0 X 398.6 130.5 X X X X X X X

Godavari X X X X X 154.2 70.2 10.9 1112.0 75.8 78.8 96.4 132.7 6.8

Bahrabise X X X X X 251.4 72.0 9.0 2412.4 101.0 86.3 84.5 86.6 3.0

Kathmandu 1566.5 107.7 30.9 66.8 1.9 224.5 102.6 14.0 1219.9 107.9 76.1 91.2 153.3 5.7

Panchkhal X X 17.9 45.8 X X X X X X X 66.0 111.2 X

Nagarkot 1550.1 85.0 30.1 65.5 1.9 182.0 79.1 11.6 1260.3 85.4 80.1 77.7 107.1 4.9

Dhunche X X 52.2 50.6 X 136.9 54.0 X X X X 80.6 69.1 X

Khokana 989.2 X 50.4 X 4.9 180.4 X 17.7 662.2 X 65.0 96.2 X 9.4

Jiri 2423.0 103.0 11.8 21.5 0.5 208.4 66.0 8.5 2108.7 111.0 86.4 94.1 113.6 3.9

Sindhuli Madhi 1846.0 65.0 16.6 28.5 0.9 195.3 59.7 10.6 1571.4 66.4 85.2 62.7 73.1 3.4

Janakpur 1480.3 95.4 22.6 71.8 1.5 178.5 93.0 12.0 1117.6 88.5 75.2 161.6 245.7 10.9

Jalesore X X 16.0 144.7 X 144.5 112.5 X X X X 5.0 18.1 X

Manthali 782.0 X 3.5 X 0.4 98.0 X 12.4 635.0 X 80.3 45.5 X 5.8

Okhaldhunga 1574.0 88.8 12.1 31.4 0.8 188.8 78.3 11.9 1351.5 95.2 85.4 21.6 29.3 1.4

Khotang Bazar 599.7 46.9 17.4 38.3 2.9 90.3 45.8 15.0 444.5 45.4 73.8 47.5 84.6 7.9

Lahan 1096.4 78.7 16.1 50.3 1.5 114.1 66.5 10.4 910.7 81.4 83.1 55.5 78.3 5.1

Rajbiraj X X X X X 199.5 108.5 14.3 1061.3 85.8 76.2 109.9 141.4 7.9

Chainpur ( east ) 1280.4 86.9 4.5 11.4 0.3 364.6 108.1 28.3 837.3 81.8 64.9 74.0 101.1 5.7

Dhankuta 573.4 179.0 5.7 24.7 1.0 192.2 299.0 33.3 350.9 174.3 60.9 24.6 77.6 4.3

Dharan 1683.2 73.8 19.2 48.6 1.1 206.3 72.1 12.2 1412.8 78.6 83.9 44.9 28.4 2.7

Terhathum 637.6 62.1 8.0 20.9 1.2 167.0 71.0 26.0 442.1 62.9 68.9 20.5 40.5 3.2

Biratnagar 1517.2 80.2 28.0 88.8 1.8 213.9 84.8 14.1 1218.2 80.7 80.3 57.1 58.5 3.8

Taplejung 1720.0 86.5 9.0 15.5 0.5 343.3 77.7 19.8 1318.2 94.7 76.1 49.5 50.6 2.9

Ilam X X X X X 167.6 76.9 16.3 775.4 58.7 75.3 75.7 97.7 7.4

Phidim X X X X X 193.1 74.4 20.3 719.3 73.2 75.6 30.0 50.1 3.2

Gaida (Kankai) 2054.6 75.2 19.3 53.1 0.9 206.5 68.6 10.1 1751.2 78.5 85.2 77.6 46.9 3.8

MAX 5157.2 548.5 203.4 277.4 20.9 398.6 299.0 35.3 4695.0 704.2 90.5 214.1 378.4 28.4

MIN 323.5 24.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.0 12.5 1.5 111.5 8.3 28.1 5.0 18.1 1.4 Table 2.3: Annual and Seasonal temperature (°C) in 2014.

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Baitadi 22.0 X 7.5 X 18.9 X 4.7 X 22.9 X 8.1 X 24.5 X 9.5 X 21.7 X 7.5 X

Dadeldhura 21.7 1.1 10.8 0.0 16.3 1.3 4.2 -0.7 23.5 0.5 11.4 -0.4 25.8 1.5 17.3 0.7 21.1 1.0 10.2 0.3

Sundarpur 29.6 -0.4 17.0 0.5 21.2 -1.6 9.1 1.0 33.9 -0.2 17.2 -0.3 34.1 0.3 25.3 0.4 29.2 -0.2 16.2 1.1

Darchula 27.5 0.2 12.9 -0.1 19.4 -0.8 6.1 0.7 29.8 -0.4 13.6 -0.6 32.8 0.7 20.8 -0.1 28.0 1.5 11.3 -0.4

Bajura 23.2 X 10.8 X 16.4 X 4.2 X 25.4 X 11.1 X 28.3 X 18.4 X 22.8 X 9.6 X

Dhangadhi 30.1 -0.1 16.7 0.0 21.7 -1.3 9.4 1.2 34.6 0.1 16.9 -0.8 34.9 1.3 24.9 -0.2 29.3 -0.3 15.5 -0.1

Mangalsen X X X X X X X X 29.4 X 15.5 X 30.2 X 20.2 X 24.3 X 13.6 X

Dipayal ( Doti ) 30.7 0.6 15.0 0.6 23.5 0.1 6.8 0.8 33.7 0.4 15.2 0.0 35.5 1.2 24.0 0.9 30.0 0.6 14.0 0.6

Jumla 21.6 1.2 3.8 0.0 15.9 0.9 -4.1 0.1 22.2 0.8 3.6 -0.3 26.3 1.3 14.4 0.3 21.9 1.6 1.3 -0.1

Gam Shree Nagar X X X X 18.1 X 7.1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Magma X X X X X X X X 24.2 X 6.0 X 29.2 X 9.2 X 22.2 X 5.3 X

Dunai 19.5 -3.3 7.6 -0.3 8.2 X -0.7 -0.9 22.5 -2.1 7.5 -0.1 27.9 0.0 16.9 0.1 19.6 -2.0 6.7 -0.5

Dailekh 25.2 1.1 13.4 1.2 18.9 1.8 6.9 0.6 29.2 1.5 14.5 0.4 28.8 0.1 19.6 2.3 23.9 1.1 12.6 1.6

Jajarkot 26.5 X X X 21.6 X 7.2 X 28.9 X 14.4 X 29.4 X 20.7 X 26.0 X X X

Surkhet 28.9 1.3 14.7 0.0 22.3 1.1 6.3 -0.2 32.6 1.2 15.7 -0.5 32.9 1.8 23.2 0.4 27.9 1.2 13.4 0.3

Nepalgunj 30.9 0.6 17.3 0.0 22.4 -0.2 9.7 0.8 36.0 1.2 17.3 -0.8 35.8 1.9 25.7 0.4 29.2 -0.6 16.5 -0.5

Libang Gaun 25.2 X 10.8 X 19.1 X 4.8 X 28.4 X 12.0 X 29.0 X 17.8 X 24.3 X 8.6 X

Bijuwar Tar X X X X 23.4 X 8.2 X 32.5 X 15.2 X X X X X X X X X

Salyan Bazar 26.2 1.7 14.0 0.7 20.7 1.1 8.0 0.9 28.8 1.7 14.9 0.2 29.0 1.8 19.9 1.1 26.5 2.0 13.0 0.7

Chaurjhari Tar 29.8 1.6 13.9 -0.3 21.5 -0.2 6.6 0.1 33.2 0.9 13.8 -1.2 33.7 1.3 22.3 0.2 30.9 4.3 13.0 -0.3

Dang ( Ghorai ) 28.7 1.3 15.4 0.4 22.2 1.0 7.7 0.7 32.7 1.3 17.0 0.0 32.1 1.9 23.0 0.4 27.7 0.9 14.1 0.7

Jomsom 17.2 0.0 4.9 0.2 11.3 0.0 -1.1 0.6 17.9 -0.5 4.3 -0.3 23.0 0.5 13.4 0.8 16.4 0.1 3.1 -0.4

Baglung 26.5 -1.3 14.6 0.3 20.8 -1.8 7.6 0.3 29.7 -0.4 15.3 0.3 30.4 -0.9 21.4 0.3 25.1 -2.3 14.1 0.4

Kusma 28.7 0.7 14.4 -0.5 23.3 1.1 7.3 -0.9 31.3 0.9 15.4 -0.8 32.3 1.1 20.8 -0.6 27.9 -0.2 14.3 0.5

Tansen 26.0 1.9 X X 19.7 1.0 8.8 0.1 29.3 2.6 16.5 0.4 29.5 2.5 20.5 0.5 25.5 1.4 X X

Bhairahawa Airport 30.5 -0.1 18.1 0.0 21.6 -1.9 9.8 -0.1 35.5 0.9 18.4 -1.0 34.7 1.0 26.2 0.7 30.2 -0.3 17.8 0.4

Dumkauli 30.1 -0.1 X X 22.2 -1.7 11.0 0.8 34.8 0.9 19.0 -0.1 34.1 0.8 25.2 -0.1 29.2 -0.5 X X

Khanchikot 20.8 1.0 12.1 0.0 15.4 0.8 6.8 0.3 23.2 1.3 13.8 0.2 24.2 1.0 17.0 -0.1 20.5 0.8 11.0 -0.6

Taulihawa 30.1 -0.8 X X 21.1 -2.9 9.6 -0.9 35.5 0.2 17.7 -1.4 33.7 -0.1 X X 30.1 -0.6 16.8 -1.3

Tamghas 23.5 1.4 11.7 -0.2 19.0 2.8 5.5 -0.1 26.1 1.5 12.7 -0.2 26.9 1.0 18.0 0.0 21.9 0.4 10.4 -0.7

Simari 31.1 1.1 18.4 X 19.9 -2.7 8.9 X 38.0 3.5 23.1 X 36.4 2.3 24.9 X 30.1 1.4 16.7 X

Khudi Bazar X X X X 22.4 1.3 8.4 0.7 30.2 1.2 16.2 0.6 X X X X X X X X

Pokhara Airport 27.1 0.7 15.2 0.3 21.0 0.1 7.8 -0.3 30.0 1.1 15.8 0.2 31.1 1.1 21.9 0.5 26.2 0.4 15.1 0.8

Syangja 29.5 2.7 14.8 0.7 22.7 1.4 8.8 1.7 32.2 3.2 14.7 0.3 35.1 4.5 21.5 0.4 28.1 1.5 14.2 0.5

Gorkha X X X X 21.2 0.6 9.1 -0.2 31.7 1.4 17.4 0.7 X X X X 26.3 -0.1 15.7 1.2

Lumle 20.7 0.8 11.7 0.2 15.1 0.6 6.0 0.2 22.2 0.4 12.3 0.1 23.6 0.2 17.3 0.4 21.6 2.0 11.2 0.1

Khairinitar 30.6 1.9 16.8 0.5 22.7 0.0 9.9 0.6 33.3 1.6 16.7 0.4 33.6 1.1 23.6 0.3 32.8 5.0 16.9 0.5

Rampur X X 17.0 -0.1 X X 9.7 0.8 34.0 -0.3 17.0 -0.9 33.7 0.0 25.1 0.2 30.2 0.0 16.1 -0.5

Hetauda N.F.I. X X 16.7 0.7 X X 9.3 1.0 32.7 0.3 17.3 0.1 32.5 0.5 23.8 0.6 28.1 -0.2 16.4 1.1

Simara 30.5 0.4 16.8 -0.6 22.6 -1.3 8.8 -0.1 35.6 2.0 16.7 -1.9 33.9 0.9 25.3 0.1 30.2 0.0 16.4 -0.5

Gaur X X 16.7 -2.0 X X 7.9 -2.7 X X 18.9 -0.6 X X 23.6 -1.9 X X 16.3 -3.0

Stations

Annual Winter

(Dec 2013 - Feb 2014)

Pre-monsoon

(Mar - May)

Monsoon

(Jun - Sep)

Post-monsoon

(Oct - Nov)

Maximum Minimum Maximum MinimumMinimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

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MinimumMinimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

Stations

Annual Winter

(Dec 2013 - Feb 2014)

Pre-monsoon

(Mar - May)

Monsoon

(Jun - Sep)

Post-monsoon

(Oct - Nov)

Maximum Minimum Maximum

Nuwakot 27.0 -0.3 15.9 -0.2 21.8 -0.2 9.3 -0.5 30.2 0.1 17.4 0.0 30.6 0.1 21.8 0.4 25.5 -1.3 15.0 -0.7

Dhading X X X X 22.1 X 7.5 X 32.8 X 23.1 X X X X X X X X X

Godavari 23.2 1.5 X X 18.1 1.8 X X 25.7 1.5 X X 26.7 1.4 X X 22.2 1.2 X X

Bahrabise X X 14.0 X 22.3 X 7.1 X 30.8 X 14.5 X X X 21.1 X 31.0 X 13.2 X

Kathmandu 25.3 0.0 12.3 1.0 19.4 -0.8 4.8 1.2 28.3 0.9 12.5 0.6 29.4 0.9 20.2 0.7 24.0 -1.2 11.9 1.3

Panchkhal X X X X 22.9 0.8 3.8 -2.0 X X X X X X X X 27.6 0.1 13.7 0.8

Nagarkot 19.2 0.1 10.0 0.6 14.7 0.9 4.5 0.7 21.7 0.3 10.7 0.6 22.2 -0.2 15.4 0.5 18.3 -0.7 9.4 0.5

Dhunche X X X X 12.8 X 3.7 X 22.4 X 11.5 X X X X X 18.8 X 9.5 X

Khokana X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 24.1 X 9.0 X

Jiri 20.8 0.7 X X 16.0 0.8 -0.2 0.4 22.6 1.0 X X 24.5 0.7 16.4 0.3 20.1 0.3 6.8 0.6

Sindhuli Gadhi X X X X 23.7 0.9 8.6 -0.5 X X X X 31.9 1.4 23.6 1.0 28.5 0.5 16.0 0.1

Janakpur 30.6 0.2 19.1 0.3 22.8 -1.6 11.2 0.8 34.8 1.3 19.9 -0.2 33.8 0.9 26.5 0.6 30.8 0.3 18.7 -0.1

Jalesore X X X X 22.9 -1.2 11.1 0.0 X X 25.8 4.9 X X X X 31.1 1.1 20.0 0.4

Manthali 31.0 X 17.5 X 25.7 X 10.2 X 34.1 X 20.9 X 34.7 X 23.6 X 29.3 X 15.3 X

Okhaldhunga 22.0 0.7 11.7 -1.0 16.6 0.5 5.2 -1.4 24.7 1.4 12.4 -1.2 25.1 0.6 17.1 -0.7 21.6 0.2 12.1 -0.8

Lahan X X X X X X X X X X X X 32.9 0.2 X X X X X X

Rajbiraj X X 19.5 1.1 X X 11.5 0.9 X X 21.7 1.8 32.9 -0.3 25.6 0.6 X X 19.2 0.9

Chainpur ( east ) 25.0 0.5 13.1 -0.4 19.5 0.1 7.0 -0.9 27.7 1.0 13.6 -0.8 28.7 1.2 18.6 -0.1 24.0 -0.1 13.2 0.2

Dhankuta 25.1 1.4 14.7 0.4 20.2 1.4 8.3 0.1 27.1 2.0 15.8 0.4 28.1 1.2 20.7 0.9 24.9 1.1 14.0 0.2

Dharan 29.4 -0.2 19.7 0.6 23.7 -1.0 12.8 -1.0 32.9 0.8 21.5 0.7 32.1 0.0 24.9 1.6 29.1 -0.5 19.6 1.2

Terhathum 24.4 X 11.2 X 19.3 X 5.0 X 25.4 X 12.1 X 27.8 X 17.0 X 25.2 X 10.7 X

Biratnagar 30.4 0.4 18.7 0.4 23.7 -1.0 11.1 0.9 34.0 1.3 20.0 0.2 33.3 0.9 25.4 0.1 30.8 0.4 18.5 0.3

Taplejung 21.9 1.5 11.7 0.5 16.5 1.5 5.5 0.3 23.3 1.6 12.2 0.3 26.3 1.7 18.0 0.6 21.4 1.0 11.3 0.7

Ilam X X X X X X X X 24.4 0.0 14.5 -1.8 26.5 1.0 16.8 -2.9 24.4 1.4 12.7 -3.1

Phidim 26.5 0.8 15.1 0.6 21.3 0.6 8.5 0.8 28.8 1.2 16.0 0.5 30.0 1.2 21.6 0.6 26.1 0.1 14.3 0.3

Gaida (Kankai) 30.6 0.0 17.6 0.5 25.2 -0.5 9.6 0.2 33.4 0.8 18.5 0.0 33.3 0.3 24.4 0.9 30.4 -0.6 17.8 0.9

Max 31.1 2.7 19.7 1.2 25.7 2.8 12.8 1.7 38.0 3.5 25.8 4.9 36.4 4.5 26.5 2.3 32.8 5.0 20.0 1.6

Min 17.2 -3.3 3.8 -2.0 8.2 -2.9 -4.1 -2.7 17.9 -2.1 3.6 -1.9 22.2 -0.9 9.2 -2.9 16.4 -2.3 1.3 -3.1

35

3. MONTHLY WEATHER SUMMARY

3.1 JANUARY

MAIN HIGHLIGHT

Large parts of the country remained warmer than normal. Eastern and central parts received less

rainfall than the western parts of the country.

Fog and cold wave gripped the southern plains (Tarai) of Nepal on mid of the second to fourth of this

month with spatial and temporal difference in severity (Images 3.1.1 & 3.1.2) and Tarai Temperature

Monitoring of January 2014.

SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES:

Weather systems and rainfall activities over Nepal in January were mainly affected by western

disturbances (WDs) as upper air troughs and upper air cyclonic circulations (UACCs). Though many

western disturbances as upper air troughs influenced north Pakistan & adjoining Jammu & Kashmir

and western Himalayan region, only one of them in third week influenced the weather systems over

Nepal and produced some rainfall mainly in the country which contributed the overall January

rainfall. Along with WD, three UACCs in the first three weeks affected weather over Nepal.

PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION:

Western half of the country received more rainfall than eastern half. Eastern half of the country

received rainfall below 30mm while most of the Western half of the country received rainfall greater

than 40mm. Few places viz Dipayal (Doti), Gam Shree Nagar & Magma received rainfall greater than

60mm . Below normal rainfall was recorded in Central and Eastern region along with the North

eastern parts of Western Region and isolated patches in Mid & Far Western Region, while rest of the

country received normal to above normal rainfall. Gam Shree Nagar recorded the highest 24 hour

rainfall of 46.0 mm on 18th January contributing to monthly total rainfall of 68.0 mm while Nagma

received the highest monthly total rainfall of 77.7 mm. Jomsom received the highest percent of

rainfall 378.1 % (27.8mm).

TEMPERATURE PATTERN:

Mean temperature in January varied from below 0oC in northern parts & high Himalayas to above

15oC especially in eastern and central Tarai region and some isolated patches in rest of the Tarai

region (Fig 3). Mean temperature was normal to above normal in large parts of the country with

positive departures greater than 1.4 °C in isolated patches over Eastern and Mid-western region

whereas below normal temperature was observed in south western parts of Central region and isolated

patches over Western, Mid & Far Western Regions. Salyan Bazar in the Mid-western region recorded

the highest positive temperature anomaly of 2.2 °C whereas Taulihawa, in the WR recorded the

highest negative temperature anomaly of -1.7 °C. (Figure 4, Table 1). The highest maximum

temperature of 28.0 °C was recorded in Gaida (Kankai) on 23rd January while the lowest minimum

temperature of – 8.5 °C was recorded in Jumla on 19th January. The intermittent fog episode which

started from the mid of the third week of December 2013 in the southern Tarai plains lasted with

consecutive breaks for few days upto the second and third week of the January 2014. However, fog

episode was variable on tempo-spatial scale. Due to the cold wave condition associated with the fog,

the day time maximum temperature in the affected areas plummeted down even up to -10.73 °C (on

7th January in Simara) than normal (Figure 6). Whereas Minimum temperature went down only up to

-9.16°C in Dhangadhi on 7th January. Fog covered whole Terai on 8th January.

The preliminary weather data for January 2014 is presented in Table 3.1.1.

36

37

Remarks: Normal Rainfall (Gray colour) = 100 ± 10 %

Normal Temperature (Gray colour) = 0 ± 0.2 °C

Note: Due to the interpolation of the data with 1km x 1km grid file the interpolated pictures of the

figures 1-4 vary with the original data limits. This should be taken into the consideration by the

visitor of this weather summary.

Image 3.1.1 Image 3.1.2

Image 3.1.1: Visible band of Kalpana Satellite showing Indian subcontinent on date 2nd January 2014,

6:30z

Image 3.1.2: Visible band of Kalpana Satellite showing north east sector of Indian subcontinent on

date 26th January 2014, 4:00z

Figure 5: Temperature anomaly during January, 2014 in (a) Dhangadhi (b) Bhairahawa (c) Simara

and (d) Biratnagar Airport.

38

Temperature Monitoring in Terai Region (January 2014)(Winter)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-J

an

6-J

an

11-J

an

16-J

an

21-J

an

26-J

an

31-J

an

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Dhangadhi

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-J

an

5-J

an

9-J

an

13-J

an

17-J

an

21-J

an

25-J

an

29-J

an

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Minimum temperature anomaly

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-J

an

6-J

an

11-J

an

16-J

an

21-J

an

26-J

an

31-J

an

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Simara

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-J

an

6-J

an

11-J

an

16-J

an

21-J

an

26-J

an

31-J

an

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Simara

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-J

an

8-J

an

15-J

an

22-J

an

29-J

an

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Maximum temperature anomaly

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-J

an

8-J

an

15-J

an

22-J

an

29-J

an

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Biratnagar

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-J

an

6-J

an

11-J

an

16-J

an

21-J

an

26-J

an

31-J

an

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-J

an

6-J

an

11

-Jan

16

-Jan

21

-Jan

26

-Jan

31

-Jan

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa

Biratnagar

Dhangadhi

39

Table 3.1.1

.

≥ 1

.0 m

m

≥ 1

0.0

mm

≥ 2

5.0

mm

≥ 5

0.0

mm

Avera

ge M

ax

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Hig

hest

Max &

Date

Avera

ge M

in

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Lo

west

Min

& D

ate

Mo

nth

ly M

ean

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

BAITADI M M M M M M M 19 - 20.2/2 3.6 - -4/3 12.0 - 5

DADELDHURA 57.9 135.2 5 2 0 0 22.5/18 16.7 2.7 20.5/28 4.1 0.0 0.7/18 10.4 1.3 0

SUNDARPUR M M M M M M M 18.5 -2.3 24.3/23 8.5 1.3 4.8/4 13.5 -0.5 0

DARCHULA 16.0 34.5 3 0 0 0 7.2/18 19.5 0.5 25/31 5.6 0.8 3/3 12.5 0.7 0

BAJURA 44.2 76.5 4 2 0 0 17.7/19 15.7 - 20.5/28 4.8 - 2/12 10.3 0

DHANGADHI 42.3 148.8 6 1 0 0 21.8/18 18.7 -2.1 25.6/23 8.5 1.4 5/4 13.6 -0.4 0

MANGALSEN 55.0 101.8 6 1 1 0 35.2/18 18.7 - 25.6/23 8.5 - 5/4 13.6 0

DIPAYAL (DOTI) 60.9 158.2 5 2 1 0 28.8/18 22.8 0.6 26.2/23 6.5 1.6 2.8/4 14.6 1.1 0

JUMLA 28.9 101.6 1 1 1 0 28.9/18 14.8 0.9 20.6/28 -4.4 0.6 -8.5/19 5.2 0.7 27

GAM SHREE NAGAR 68.0 259.9 3 2 1 0 46/18 M M M M M M M M M

NAGMA 77.7 174.5 5 3 1 0 36.2/20 19.9 - 23.2/1 -1.8 - -3.2/21 9.1 - 31

JAJARKOT M M M M M M M 21.2 - 23.5/29 6.8 - 5/1 14.0 - 0

SURKHET 43.2 125.8 5 1 0 0 24.5/18 21.2 1.3 24.1/31 5.6 0.2 1.7/4 13.4 0.8 0

KUSUM M M M M M M M M M M 5.1 - 1.7/4 M M 0

NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 42.0 143.5 4 1 0 0 22.2/18 19.5 -0.2 26/23 9.6 1.9 5.4/8 14.6 0.8 0

LIBANG GAUN 58.7 197.3 3 2 1 0 33.5/19 18.6 - 22/28 4.5 - 1/7 11.5 - 0

SALYAN BAZAR 33.8 161.2 2 1 1 0 29/19 21.2 2.5 25.4/27 8.3 2.0 2.2/12 14.8 2.2 0

CHAUR JHARI TAR 18.2 54.2 1 1 0 0 18/18 19.2 -1.4 23.5/27 5.9 0.6 3/6 12.5 -0.4 0

GHORAI (DANG) 39.1 139.8 3 2 0 0 22/19 21.0 0.9 24/23 7.0 1.1 3.4/3 14.0 1.0 0

JOMSOM 27.8 378.1 3 1 0 0 19.4/18 10.0 -0.7 16.2/3 -2.3 -0.1 -6.9/19 3.9 -0.4 28

BAGLUNG 34.1 174.0 2 2 0 0 22.6/19 20.5 -1.0 23.1/30 6.7 0.2 4.7/10 13.6 -0.4 0

KUSHMA 26.4 181.0 2 1 0 0 19.4/19 22.1 1.2 25.5/1 6.3 -1.0 4/10 14.2 0.1 0

TANSEN 25.5 122.5 2 1 0 0 24/19 19.4 1.8 22/26 8.4 0.7 6.4/12 13.9 1.2 0

BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 22.0 124.2 3 1 0 0 17.8/19 18.7 -2.3 25.3/23 8.4 -0.4 6.4/12 13.5 -1.4 0

DUMKAULI 23.0 117.4 1 1 0 0 23/18 21.0 -1.1 24.8/23 10.6 1.4 7.5/30 15.8 0.1 0

KHANCHIKOT 53.0 183.2 2 2 1 0 31.5/19 14.9 1.3 19/28 6.4 0.8 3/7 10.6 1.1 0

TAULIHAWA 33.1 228.4 3 1 0 0 24.2/19 17.9 -3.7 23.8/23 9.2 0.3 6/4 13.5 -1.7 0

TAMGHAS 42.5 158.7 1 1 1 0 42.5/19 16.4 1.3 19.9/28 5.0 0.4 2.5/12 10.7 0.8 0

SEMARI 20.0 122.0 2 1 0 0 14/19 M M M 7.9 0.0 7/2 M M 0

KHUDI BAZAR 13.9 54.2 2 1 0 0 10.2/19 21.8 1.7 24.1/30 7.3 0.7 4.4/10 14.6 1.2 0

POKHARA AIRPORT 17.5 75.6 2 1 0 0 15.5/19 20.3 0.6 23.2/29 5.6 -1.4 0/4 13.0 -0.4 0

SYANGJA 5.6 25.5 2 0 0 0 3/19 21.2 1.1 23.5/29 7.9 1.7 5.5/2 14.5 1.4 0

GORKHA 14.5 65.8 1 1 0 0 14.5/19 20.1 1.1 23.5/30 8.3 0.0 5/9 14.2 0.6 0

LUMLE 18.4 56.7 2 0 0 0 9.5/8 14.7 1.1 17.5/31 5.6 0.6 3.1/11 10.1 0.8 0

KHAIRINI TAR 12.5 62.6 1 1 0 0 12.5/19 21.8 0.3 25.5/23 9.3 1.0 6.9/11 15.5 0.7 0

SIMARA AIRPORT 9.4 65.2 1 0 0 0 9.4/19 20.1 -1.5 26.4/17 7.8 0.0 2/8 13.9 -0.7 0

GAUR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 M M M M M M M M M

NUWAKOT 6.6 40.6 1 0 0 0 6.6/19 21.8 0.9 24.3/14 9.4 0.6 6/19 15.6 0.7 0

GODAVARI 2.6 13.7 1 0 0 0 2.6/19 17.7 2.4 21.21/26 M M M M M M

BAHRABISE 4.2 22.2 1 0 0 0 4.2/18 21.3 - 23.6/2 6.3 - 3.9/10 13.8 - 0

KATHMANDU AIRPORT 4.2 29.2 1 0 0 0 4.2/19 18.6 -0.4 20.8/26 4.0 1.5 1/7 11.3 -1.6 0

PANCHKHAL 12.2 100.1 1 1 0 0 12.2/19 22.6 1.7 25.5/29 2.5 -2.4 -1/6 12.5 -0.1 2

NAGARKOT 18.4 102.2 1 1 0 0 18.4/19 13.7 0.8 16/21 4.2 1.2 1.4/12 8.9 1.0 0

DHUNCHE 14.6 39.9 1 1 0 0 14.6/19 13.1 - 16/21 3.7 - 1.5/14 8.4 - 0

KHOKANA 4.0 25.2 1 0 0 0 4/19 18.9 - 22.5/23 1.0 - -2/6 10.0 - 12

SINDHULI MADHI 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 23.0 1.7 26.5/30 7.7 -0.2 4.4/9 15.3 0.7 0

JANAKPUR AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 20.8 -1.4 25.4/19 10.8 1.7 6/8 15.8 0.2 0

JALESORE 0.0 - 0 0 0 0 0 21.9 -0.5 25/22 10.0 0.1 7/16 15.9 -0.2 0

MANTHALI 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 24.6 - 27.5/30 8.8 - 6/8 16.7 - 0

OKHALDHUNGA 0.6 5.1 0 0 0 0 0.6/19 16.4 1.4 19/29 4.8 -0.8 1.2/7 10.6 0.3 0

KHOTANG BAZAR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 M M M M M M M M M

CHAINPUR (EAST) 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 19.1 0.8 22.5/29 6.4 -0.6 4/12 12.8 0.1 0

DHANKUTA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 20.0 2.2 22.5/29 7.8 0.7 5/7 13.9 1.5 0

DHARAN BAZAR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 22.9 - 27/22 11.9 - 8.5/7 17.4 - 0

TERHATHUM 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 19.4 - 22.5/22 M M M M M M

BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 0.8 6.8 0 0 0 0 0.7/19 22.7 0.0 28.5/19 10.6 1.6 5.5/9 16.7 0.8 0

TAPLEJUNG 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 16.3 2.3 19.2/30 5.2 1.0 2.2/7 10.7 1.6 0

PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 0.4 2.9 0 0 0 0 0.4/19 21.2 1.8 24/20 7.9 1.1 5.5/7 14.6 1.5 0

GAIDA (KANKAI) 0.0 - 0 0 0 0 0 23.2 -0.5 28/23 M M M M M M

Remarks: -- = Normal not available M = Data not available

Rainfall recorded on a day is the total 24 hour rainfall from the previous day 8:45 am till 8:45 am of that day.

No. of Rainy Days

24h

rs E

xtr

em

e R

ain

fall

& D

ate

Maximum ( °C ) Minimum ( °C ) Mean ( °C )

No

.of

Days w

ith

maxim

um

tem

pera

ture

<0°C

PRELIMINARY MONTHLY WEATHER DATA

January, 2014

Stations

PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE

To

tal (m

m)

% o

f N

orm

al

40

3.2 FEBRUARY

MAIN HIGHLIGHT

The country remained normal to colder than normal in the southern parts whereas warmer than

normal in the northern parts (ER), Central Region (CR) and large parts of Western Region (WR).

Rainfall was normal to above normal throughout the country except eastern parts in the ER, central

parts of central and western and Mid-western region with its adjoining northern parts. Magma

received 119.7mm (203.9% of the normal) rainfall in February this year.

SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES:

Though many western disturbances as upper air systems affected north Pakistan & adjoining Jammu

& Kashmir and western Himalayan region, only three of them influenced the weather systems over

Nepal and produced rainfall mainly in 1st, 3rd and 4th weeks.


Western half of the country recorded more rainfall in comparison to eastern half of the country.

Precipitation was highest i.e. greater than 100mm in stations like Dadeldhura in the FWR, Nagma in

the MWR of the country (Figure 1, Table 3.2.1). Large parts of the country recorded normal to above

normal precipitation with Dumkauli, Simari, Gorkha in the south eastern limits of WR, Gaur, Jiri in

the CR receiving above 240% of normal precipitation. Below normal precipitation was received in

northern parts of ER, CR, WR , central parts of the MWR and isolated patches over northwestern and

southern borders of FWR, with Phidim, Taplejung, Terathum, Chainpur (East) in the ER, Sindhuli

Madhi, Panchkhal, Barhabise in the WR and Salyan Bazar in the MWR receiving below 20% of

normal precipitation(Figure 2, Table 1). As compared to other stations, Surkhet recorded the highest

24 hour rainfall of 45.2 mm on 15th February and the highest monthly total rainfall of 119.6mm

(203.9%) was recorded in Nagma. Dumkauli received highest percentage of normal rainfall 293.9%

(47.5mm).


Most parts of the CR, Western half of the ER, southern parts of the WR and some isolated patches

over FWR, MWR and CR recorded below normal temperature with departure below or equal to -

1.2oC in Taulihawa, Bhairhawa, Semari in southern border of WR, Simara in the CR and Biratnagar

in the ER while rest of the country recorded normal to above normal temperature. Departure of mean

temperature equal to or above 0.8oC was recorded over Salyan Bazar in the FWR, Jomsom in the

WR, Nagarkot in the CR and Phidim (Paanchthar) in the north eastern part of ER (Figure 4, Table

3.2.1). As compared to other stations, Manthali recorded the highest maximum temperature of 32.5

°C on 28th February while the lowest minimum temperature of -6.7 °C was recorded in Jumla on 17th

February.

Temperature monitoring in the Tarai region (Fig: 5) shows that most of the days in February was

warmer than normal for minimum temperature while colder than normal for maximum temperature.

The maximum temperature anomaly was reached the lowest negative anomaly -10.8°C in Simara on

2nd February (Figure 2, Image 3.2.1) whereas the minimum temperature reached the highest positive

anomaly 7.1°C on the 7th February in Dhangadhi. The increase of minimum temperature in the winter

season has been quite common in the Tarai region since few years. The preliminary weather data for February 2014 is presented in Table 3.2.1.

41

Remarks: Normal Rainfall (Gray colour) = 100 ± 10 % Normal Temperature (Gray colour) = 0 ± 0.2 °C

42




Image 3.2.1: Infra-red band of Kalpana Satellite showing the cloud cover over the Indian

subcontinent on date 14th February 2014, 9:30z which produced the rain in the day and the following

days.

Image 3.2.2: Infra-red band of Kalpana Satellite showing the cloud cover over the Indian

subcontinent on date 26th February 2014, 11:30z which produced the rain in the day and the

following days.

Table 3.2.1.

43

≥ 1

.0 m

m

≥ 1

0.0

mm

≥ 2

5.0

mm

≥ 5

0.0

mm

Avera

ge M

ax

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Hig

hest

Max &

Date

Avera

ge M

in

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Lo

west

Min

& D

ate

Mo

nth

ly M

ean

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

BAITADI M M M M M M M 18 - 20/6 3.6 - -7/28 10.5 - 6

DADELDHURA 109.2 174.8 9 5 2 0 31.5/15 15.5 0.3 21.1/2 4.4 -0.7 -0.7/17 10.0 -0.2 2

SUNDARPUR M M M M M M M 22.4 -2.1 26.5/4 9.9 1.0 5.5/18 16.2 -0.5 0

DARCHULA 38.2 58.7 3 1 0 0 24.8/15 21.1 -0.3 26.5/26 6.9 0.9 4/16 14.0 0.3 0

DHANGADHI 25.5 77.4 5 1 0 0 11.1/15 22.9 -1.9 26.8/6 10.7 1.4 5.2/17 16.8 -0.2 0

MANGALSEN 96.9 144.4 7 3 1 0 45.2/15 M M M M M M M M M

DIPAYAL (DOTI) 60.4 116.3 7 2 1 0 27.9/15 23.9 -0.7 27.2/24 8.0 0.9 3.8/12 16.0 0.1 0

JUMLA 33.1 83.9 5 2 0 0 13.8/15 14.9 -0.1 20/4 -2.5 0.6 -6.7/17 6.2 0.2 24

NAGMA 119.6 203.9 9 4 2 0 40.8/16 22.4 - 24.2/3 -2.5 - -6.5/26 9.9 - 28

DAILEKH M M M M M M M 19.2 0.7 23.4/4 7.3 0.2 4.4/18 13.3 0.4 0

JAJARKOT M M M M M M M 22.5 - 25.5/22 8.3 - 4/17 15.4 - 0

SURKHET 41.2 97.0 5 2 0 0 21.4/15 23.2 0.7 25.4/3 7.8 0.0 3.6/12 15.5 0.3 0

GULARIYA M M M M M M M M M M 10.4 - 8.1/8 M M 0

NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 35.8 182.5 6 1 0 0 20.2/15 23.6 -1.0 27.7/8 10.1 0.9 4.3/12 16.8 -0.1 0

LIBANG GAUN 42.0 88.0 5 2 0 0 18.2/15 19.6 - 23/2 6.0 6.0 1.5/17 12.8 - 0

SALYAN BAZAR 8.4 43.6 1 0 0 0 8.4/27 22.1 2.1 26.4/4 7.3 -0.3 3.2/17 14.7 0.9 0

CHAUR JHARI TAR 26.2 74.9 3 1 0 0 17/15 22.4 -1.1 26/3 7.7 0.2 5/10 15.0 -0.5 0

GHORAI (DANG) 26.6 118.4 4 2 0 0 12.4/15 22.8 0.6 26.2/4 8.8 0.7 4/17 15.8 0.7 0

JOMSOM 27.8 202.1 7 1 0 0 13.5/15 11.5 0.3 16/24 -0.2 1.2 -4.3/12 5.6 0.8 18

BAGLUNG 46.0 167.1 5 2 0 0 14.4/28 21.6 -1.9 24.5/5 8.5 0.1 5.6/19 15.1 -0.9 0

BENI BAZAR 20.3 133.0 4 0 0 0 7.5/16 M M M M M M M M M

KUSHMA 29.2 205.6 5 1 0 0 10/16 24.1 1.1 27/4 M M M M M M

TANSEN 35.2 133.7 5 1 0 0 11/16 20.3 0.8 24.2/4 9.1 -0.4 3.5/17 14.7 0.2 0

BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 34.8 181.0 5 1 0 0 18.7/15 22.2 -3.2 27.5/8 10.5 -0.2 7/12 16.4 -1.7 0

DUMKAULI 47.5 293.9 6 1 0 0 16.5/18 M M M M M M M M M

KHANCHIKOT 73.1 197.3 6 4 0 0 20.5/16 15.7 0.5 20/2 6.9 -0.2 2/17 11.3 0.2 0

TAULIHAWA 35.3 176.7 8 1 0 0 12.2/15 22.3 -3.5 26.6/8 9.9 -1.5 5/12 16.1 -2.5 0

TAMGHAS 65.7 191.3 7 3 1 0 29.5/17 17.7 0.4 22.9/3 6.0 -0.3 0.9/17 11.9 0.0 0

SEMARI 36.2 225.5 7 1 0 0 11/16 22.9 -3.2 26/27 9.8 -0.4 7/12 16.4 -1.8 0

KHUDI BAZAR 18.5 37.4 4 1 0 0 10.1/27 23.2 1.1 26.4/3 9.3 0.5 5.7/18 16.3 0.8 0

POKHARA AIRPORT 17.8 51.5 4 0 0 0 8.3/27 22.4 0.2 24.7/24 9.2 0.0 5/18 15.8 0.1 0

SYANGJA 11.1 37.6 3 0 0 0 4.5/15 23.4 1.1 25.5/24 M M M M M M

GORKHA 56.9 276.5 4 2 1 0 25.8/28 23.0 1.1 26.2/24 M M M M M M

LUMLE 31.1 63.1 4 1 0 0 16/16 15.6 0.4 19/4 6.0 -0.3 1/17 10.8 0.0 0

KHAIRINI TAR 21.0 78.9 4 0 0 0 8/17 24.8 0.2 27.4/24 9.9 0.3 6.8/13 17.4 0.3 0

SIMARA AIRPORT 21.8 154.6 6 0 0 0 7.8/15 23.2 -2.3 28.6/27 9.5 -0.1 5/13 16.3 -1.2 0

GAUR 35.5 268.0 2 2 0 0 23/16 10.9 - 12/18 7.8 -3.6 6.5/2 9.4 - 0

NUWAKOT 17.0 87.3 3 0 0 0 9.8/17 22.3 -1.0 25.5/4 9.8 -0.9 6.3/17 16.0 -0.9 0

GODAVARI 27.0 118.0 5 1 0 0 13.4/16 19.1 1.6 23/3 1.5 -3.4 -1.8/18 10.3 -0.9 6

BAHRABISE 7.2 24.0 1 0 0 0 7.2/17 24.6 - 26.5/13 7.8 - 4.5/17 16.2 - 0

KATHMANDU AIRPORT 26.7 143.0 4 0 0 0 8.7/17 20.8 -0.6 23.9/3 5.7 1.2 2.5/12 13.3 0.3 0

PANCHKHAL 5.7 36.0 3 0 0 0 2.2/16 23.7 0.3 27.1/24 4.9 -1.8 2.3/18 14.3 -0.7 0

NAGARKOT 11.7 64.1 4 0 0 0 4.6/16 15.9 1.2 25/7 4.7 0.4 0/17 10.3 0.8 1

DHUNCHE 37.6 85.1 4 2 0 0 16.6/18 13.1 - 16/21 3.3 - 0/18 8.2 - 1

KHOKANA 46.4 - 6 2 0 0 17.6/16 19.6 - 23.5/3 2.8 - -1.5/12 11.2 - 1

JIRI 29.9 262.0 4 2 0 0 15.2/10 16.3 0.4 18.2/11 -1.2 -1.6 -5.3/4 7.6 -0.6 21

SINDHULI MADHI 11.4 43.7 4 0 0 0 7.1/17 24.3 0.5 27.5/24 9.3 -0.6 6.5/13 16.8 -0.1 0

JANAKPUR AIRPORT 21.4 187.5 4 1 0 0 11/17 23.4 -2.5 27.9/27 M M M M M M

JALESORE M M M M M M M 23.0 -2.9 26.7/23 13.6 1.5 8/13 18.3 -0.7 0

MANTHALI M M M M M M M 28.4 - 32.5/28 12.2 - 8/12 20.3 - 0

OKHALDHUNGA 11.5 81.7 2 0 0 0 9.8/17 17.1 0.3 20.2/1 5.3 -1.8 1.2/17 11.2 -0.7 0

KHOTANG BAZAR 13.9 113.9 2 1 0 0 10.4/16 M M M M M M M M

LAHAN 16.1 150.9 2 0 0 0 8.6/17 M M M M M M M M M

RAJBIRAJ 21.1 208.0 2 1 0 0 13.5/17 27.0 -0.1 30/18 11.1 -0.4 7.5/4 19.1 -0.2 0

CHAINPUR (EAST) 4.5 24.3 1 0 0 0 4.5/17 20.2 -0.2 23.7/24 7.6 -1.2 4.6/13 13.9 -0.7 0

DHANKUTA 5.7 61.6 1 0 0 0 4.4/17 20.6 1.4 29.4/12 8.6 -0.4 6.2/11 14.6 0.5 0

DHARAN BAZAR 19.2 109.0 2 1 0 0 16/17 23.5 - 27.2/24 12.5 - 7.5/2 18.0 - 0

TERHATHUM 8.0 48.0 2 0 0 0 6.8/17 18.9 - 22/2 M M M M M M

BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 27.2 206.4 3 2 0 0 15.2/17 23.4 -2.7 27.6/24 11.4 0.3 7.2/13 17.4 -1.2 0

TAPLEJUNG 9.0 31.7 1 0 0 0 9/17 17.2 1.6 27.4/5 M M M M M M

PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 4.0 20.8 1 0 0 0 4/17 21.9 0.8 28.5/1 8.9 0.8 5.5/12 15.4 0.8 0

GAIDA (KANKAI) 19.3 129.9 3 1 0 0 15.6/17 27.8 1.1 30.4/24 M M M M M M



Minimum ( °C ) Mean ( °C )

No

.of

Days w

ith

maxim

um

tem

pera

ture

< 0°C


February 2014

Stations


To

tal (m

m)

% o

f N

orm

al

No. of Rainy Days

24h

rs E

xtr

em

e R

ain

fall

& D

ate

Maximum ( °C )

44

Fig: 5 Temperature Monitoring in Terai Region (Winter)

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-F

eb

6-F

eb

11-F

eb

16-F

eb

21-F

eb

26-F

eb

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-F

eb

5-F

eb

9-F

eb

13-F

eb

17-F

eb

21-F

eb

25-F

eb

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-F

eb

6-F

eb

11-F

eb

16-F

eb

21-F

eb

26-F

eb

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-F

eb

6-F

eb

11-F

eb

16-F

eb

21-F

eb

26-F

eb

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-F

eb

8-F

eb

15-F

eb

22-F

eb

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Maximum temperature anomaly

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-F

eb

8-F

eb

15-F

eb

22-F

eb

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-F

eb

6-F

eb

11-F

eb

16-F

eb

21-F

eb

26-F

eb

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-F

eb

6-F

eb

11

-Feb

16

-Feb

21

-Feb

26

-Feb

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


Biratnagar

Dhangadhi

45

3.3 MARCH

MAIN HIGHLIGHT

Most parts of the country received normal to above normal. Eastern(ER) and Central region (CR) of

the country remained warmer than normal (Figure 2 and Figure 4).

SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES Weather system of the country during March was mainly affected by western disturbances, upper air

troughs and cyclonic circulations. Though many weather systems developed over Indian regions,

influence of three of them (in the 1st, 3rd and 4th week), a trough and a cyclonic circulation

contributed rainfall over Nepal.

PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION

Precipitation was received throughout the country except in some stations (Taulihawa, Semari,

Rajbiraj, Simara Airport) of the Tarai Region (Figure 1, Table 3.3.1). Central parts of the Mid-

Western Region (MWR) along with southern parts of Eastern, Western (WR) and Central Region of

the country received below normal rainfall. Rainfall was below 60 % of normal in most of the Tarai

Region. Dadeldhura recorded the highest 24 hour rainfall of 59.7 mm on 1st March, whereas Lumle

recorded the highest monthly total rainfall of 106.5 mm. Dhangadhi received highest percent (392%,

64.5mm) of rainfall in March 2014.

TEMPERATURE PATTERN

The mean temperature varied between less than -5°C in the northern parts to above 23 °C in the

southern plains; Tarai (Figure 3). Temperature was normal to below normal throughout the country

except some isolated patches of above normal temperature in MWR and WR and whole of the ER and

half of the CR. Most parts of CR and ER recorded mean temperature 0.5°C above normal. From the

mid parts of Central Region and to all of Western Region also recorded temperature normal to below

normal by more than -0.4 °C (Figure 4). Jaleswore in the CR recorded the highest mean temperature

anomaly of 3.6 °C while Taulihawa recorded the lowest temperature anomaly of -1.9°C. As compared

to other stations, Semari recorded the highest maximum temperature of 41.5°C on 30th March while

the lowest minimum temperature of -2.5 °C was recorded in Ilam Tea state on 6th March (Table

3.3.1).

The preliminary weather data for March 2014 is presented in Table 3.3.1.




46

47

Table 3.3.1.

≥ 1

.0 m

m

≥ 1

0.0

mm

≥ 2

5.0

mm

≥ 5

0.0

mm

Avera

ge M

ax

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Hig

hest

Max &

Date

Avera

ge M

in

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Lo

west

Min

& D

ate

Mo

nth

ly M

ean

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

BAITADI 41.5 74.8 9 0 0 0 9.3/16 17.8 - 18.9/20 6.3 - -3/1 12.0 - 0

DADELDHURA 87.7 154.4 7 1 1 1 59.7/1 19.8 0.3 24.8/29 7.7 -0.8 0.9/1 13.8 -0.2 0

SUNDARPUR M M M M M M M 29.2 -0.9 34.8/29 13.9 1.3 8.3/7 21.5 0.2 14

DARCHULA 35.0 50.7 5 1 0 0 10.6/23 25.3 -0.7 32/30 9.8 0.1 5.5/1 17.5 -0.3 4

BAJURA 44.2 76.7 4 2 0 0 17.7/19 20.8 - 27/29 7.5 - 3.8/1 14.1 - 0

DHANGADHI 64.5 392.5 2 2 1 1 52.6/1 29.7 -0.7 35.6/28 13.8 0.8 9.2/7 21.7 0.0 15

MANGALSEN 55.0 90.3 6 1 1 0 35.2/18 27.6 - 39.5/27 10.9 - 7/20 - 6

DIPAYAL (DOTI) 54.6 149.8 3 1 1 0 43.2/1 28.7 -1.0 36.4/29 11.5 0.7 7.4/6 20.1 -0.1 10

JUMLA 57.9 108.6 7 3 1 0 29.4/1 19.0 0.5 23.2/17 0.2 -0.1 -3.5/3 9.6 0.2 0

NAGMA 66.9 111.6 4 3 1 0 35.6/19 20.1 - 24.2/22 4.8 - 1.4/8 12.5 - 0

DAILEKH 25.2 68.8 2 1 0 0 20.6/1 25.2 1.3 29.8/10 10.8 -0.5 7.2/7 0

JAJARKOT 9.6 22.1 1 0 0 0 9.6/18 26.1 - 31.5/28 12.0 - 7.5/1 19.1 - 4

SURKHET 35.5 136.7 1 1 1 0 34/1 28.1 0.5 34.2/29 11.4 -0.4 7/7 19.7 0.0 10

GULARIYA 9.7 76.1 2 0 0 0 8.3/29 M M M 14.6 - 8.7/11 - 0

NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 3.3 24.6 1 0 0 0 3.3/1 31.2 0.8 36.7/29 13.5 0.8 8.8/7 22.3 0.8 20

LIBANG GAUN 16.8 45.6 3 1 0 0 10.2/1 24.0 - 30/30 8.9 - 5/2 16.5 - 1

BIJUWAR TAR 10.2 36.6 1 1 0 0 10.2/23 31.2 - 35.1/16 13.3 - 10/17 22.2 - 22

SALYAN BAZAR 33.8 177.4 2 1 1 0 29/19 25.1 0.8 32/29 10.7 -0.6 7/3 17.9 0.1 5

CHAUR JHARI TAR 14.0 47.7 2 1 0 0 10/19 28.2 -0.6 33/31 10.0 -1.1 6.5/7 19.1 -0.9 12

GHORAI (DANG) 39.1 181.7 3 2 0 0 22/19 28.1 0.5 34.2/29 12.7 0.2 8.2/8 20.4 0.4 8

JOMSOM 9.6 36.4 3 0 0 0 4.3/18 15.1 -0.1 20.3/29 1.5 -0.2 -3.6/3 8.3 -0.2 0

BAGLUNG 34.1 98.4 2 2 0 0 22.6/19 26.1 -1.5 32.4/30 11.7 -0.2 7.7/7 18.9 -0.8 4


KUSHMA 34.2 220.6 9 0 0 0 8.5/18 28.1 0.6 35.6/29 10.8 -2.4 4.8/11 19.4 -0.9 9

TANSEN 31.7 132.4 4 1 0 0 17.2/23 25.1 1.2 32.6/29 12.9 -0.2 8/2 19.0 0.5 3

BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 2.0 12.0 1 0 0 0 2/1 30.7 -0.6 38.8/28 14.3 -0.3 9.2/8 22.5 -0.5 19

DUMKAULI 7.1 32.0 2 0 0 0 5.5/23 30.8 -0.3 38/29 15.0 0.1 10/8 22.9 -0.1 19

KHANCHIKOT 34.2 103.5 3 2 0 0 17.5/1 19.4 0.2 24.5/30 10.2 -0.5 5/1 14.8 -0.1 0

TAULIHAWA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0/1 30.3 -1.4 37.7/29 12.9 -2.3 8.1/8 21.6 -1.9 18

TAMGHAS 50.1 160.2 4 2 1 0 28.6/23 M M M M M M M M M

SEMARI 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0/1 33.3 2.6 41.5/30 16.2 2.2 10/3 24.8 2.4 25

KHUDI BAZAR 71.4 85.7 9 2 1 0 25.7/22 27.8 1.3 32.4/29 12.8 0.2 8.3/2 20.3 0.7 6

POKHARA AIRPORT 74.0 123.4 7 4 0 0 23.9/20 26.9 0.2 32.5/29 12.7 -0.1 8.2/2 19.8 0.1 7

SYANGJA 24.7 56.1 6 0 0 0 6.2/19 28.4 1.9 34/29 10.1 -1.3 7.2/11 19.2 0.3 10

GORKHA 66.3 153.2 7 1 1 0 32/26 27.8 0.8 33.4/29 13.6 -0.1 9.5/2 20.7 0.4 7

LUMLE 106.5 157.6 11 3 1 0 37.7/11 19.0 -0.4 23.5/28 9.2 -0.4 5/2 14.1 -0.4 0

KHAIRINI TAR 29.4 73.9 3 1 0 0 17.2/23 29.9 0.4 35.9/30 12.7 0.0 8/7 21.3 0.2 16

RAMPUR 10.2 45.0 2 0 0 0 7.2/23 31.1 -0.4 37.4/30 12.9 -0.5 7.5/8 22.0 -0.5 19

HETAUNDA N.F.I. M M M M M M M 29.8 -0.2 36/29 13.1 -0.1 9.7/3 21.4 -0.1 14

SIMARA AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0/2 32.4 1.6 39/29 11.9 -1.7 6.4/8 22.1 -0.1 20

NIJGADH 10.5 48.7 2 0 0 0 7.1/2 M M M M M M M M M

NUWAKOT 30.6 97.9 6 1 0 0 11.2/2 26.8 -0.8 32/30 13.6 -1.2 10.4/2 20.2 -1.0 6

GODAVARI 36.7 125.0 5 1 0 0 13/2 M M M M M M M M M

BAHRABISE 39.7 78.4 6 1 0 0 17.2/22 27.4 - 32.5/31 11.1 - 8/2 19.3 - 12

KATHMANDU AIRPORT 57.7 168.8 6 3 0 0 18.5/22 25.8 0.5 31.5/30 9.1 0.9 5.5/3 17.4 1.5 3

NAGARKOT 61.1 221.4 7 3 0 0 17.2/2 18.7 -0.2 24/30 7.4 -0.1 4/1 13.1 -0.1 0

DHUNCHE 59.8 96.1 5 2 1 0 28/22 18.6 - 22.5/30 7.7 - 5/1 13.2 - 0

KHOKANA 56.6 - 5 3 1 0 26/23 23.4 - 29/30 6.1 - 2.4/3 14.7 - 0

JIRI 32.2 278.9 5 1 0 0 10/31 21.7 2.3 25.5/26 4.4 0.9 1.2/8 13.1 1.6 0

SINDHULI MADHI 11.6 28.0 2 0 0 0 7.8/26 29.5 1.2 33.3/28 12.3 -0.9 9.2/3 20.9 0.2 15

JANAKPUR AIRPORT 3.4 29.5 1 0 0 0 3.4/1 31.0 -0.2 36.6/30 15.3 -0.2 10/8 23.2 -0.2 21

JALESORE M M M M M M M 31.9 0.9 36.5/29 22.7 6.4 16/1 27.3 3.6 23

MANTHALI 20.0 - 4 0 0 0 6.5/23 31.2 - 37.5/29 15.6 - 11.5/3 23.4 - 19

OKHALDHUNGA 16.8 60.3 2 1 0 0 14/26 21.8 0.5 26.8/30 8.9 -2.3 5.1/2 15.4 -0.9 0

KHOTANG BAZAR 0.2 0.7 0 0 0 0 0.2/1 M M M M M M M M M

LAHAN 6.0 31.5 2 0 0 0 4.5/24 M M M M M M M M M

RAJBIRAJ 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 33.0 0.4 36/22 17.0 1.1 13/8 25.0 0.7 30

CHAINPUR (EAST) 30.1 75.6 1 1 1 0 29/23 26.2 1.6 31.5/29 13.1 1.1 8.5/2 19.7 1.4 2

DHANKUTA 11.9 86.1 3 0 0 0 6.4/21 24.9 2.0 29.5/31 12.5 -0.1 10/3 18.7 1.0 0

DHARAN BAZAR 3.3 11.7 1 0 0 0 2.9/26 30.6 - 36.6/29 18.0 - 13/6 24.3 - 19

TERHATHUM 6.0 21.8 2 0 0 0 4/21 23.4 - 29/29 8.8 - 5.5/3 16.1 - 0


TAPLEJUNG 69.9 125.2 6 2 0 0 24.2/22 20.7 1.2 26.4/29 9.3 0.1 6.1/3 15.0 0.6 0

ILAM TEA ESTATE 12.6 54.5 2 0 0 0 7.2/21 22.3 0.1 25.3/18 11.7 -2.5 8.9/6 17.0 -1.2 0

PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 17.7 49.3 3 0 0 0 9.9/23 26.2 1.2 31.8/29 12.7 0.7 9.6/3 19.4 1.0 4

GAIDA (KANKAI) 0.6 2.5 0 0 0 0 0.6/26 31.4 0.2 37.5/30 16.2 1.4 13/8 23.8 0.8 21




No

.of

Days w

ith

maxim

um

tem

pera

ture

≥ 30°C


March 2014

Stations


To

tal (m

m)

% o

f N

orm

al

No. of Rainy Days

24h

rs E

xtr

em

e R

ain

fall

& D

ate

Maximum ( °C )

48

3.4 APRIL

MAIN HIGHLIGHT

Normal to below normal temperature was observed in most parts of Far and Mid-Western region

where as above normal was observed in whole eastern region and most parts of central region. Except

for isolated patches in north eastern part of central region, central part of eastern region and north

western part of western region, the entire country received below normal rainfall (Table 3.4.1).

SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES Weather system of the country during April was mainly affected by western disturbances, upper air

troughs and cyclonic circulations. Though many weather systems developed over Indian regions,

influence of one in each week, troughs and cyclonic circulations contributed rainfall over Nepal.


Precipitation was received across the country except in some regions in the southern parts (Figure 1,

Table 3.4.1). Though rainfall was recorded in most parts of the country, it largely remained below

normal in the entire country except for isolated patches in north eastern part of Central Region,

Central part of Eastern Region and north western part of Western Region (Figure 2, Table 3.4.1).

Some of the stations lying in the southern parts of the country such as Bhairahawa Airport, Dumkauli,

Syangja, Semari and Janakpur Airport did not receive rainfall during the whole month. Jiri recorded

the highest monthly total rainfall of 66.9 mm while highest 24 hour rainfall of 41 mm was observed at

Khudibazar on 8th April. Dhankuta station in the eastern region recorded highest percentage (221.4%

of normal) of the rainfall in the month.

TEMPERATURE PATTERN

Mean air temperature in April varied between below 0oC in the northern high Himalayas to more than

28oC in the southern low lying Tarai region. Far and Mid-Western parts of Tarai region recorded

comparatively lower temperature than eastern and central Tarai where record was slightly above 28oC

(Figure 3, Table 3.4.1). Normal to below normal temperature was observed in most parts of Far and

Mid-Western region and adjoining north western and south western parts of Western region and

isolated patch over the southern parts of Central region (Figure 4). Whereas, above normal

temperature was observed in whole Eastern region and most parts of central region. The highest

positive temperature anomaly of 2.9oC was recorded in Syangja while Dunai recorded highest

negative temperature anomaly of -1.4oC. As compared to other stations, Nepalgunj Airport recorded

the highest maximum temperature of 41.8 °C on 30th April while the lowest minimum temperature of

0.1°C was recorded in Jumla on 4th April (Table 3.4.1).

The preliminary weather data for January 2014 is presented in Table 3.4.1.

Note: Due to the interpolation of the data with (1km x 1km) grid file the interpolated pictures of the



49



50

Table: 3.4.1

≥ 1

.0 m

m

≥ 1

0.0

mm

≥ 2

5.0

mm

≥ 5

0.0

mm

Avera

ge M

ax

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Hig

hest

Max &

Date

Avera

ge M

in

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Lo

west

Min

& D

ate

Mo

nth

ly M

ean

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

BAITADI 8.3 13.9 3 0 0 0 3.5/12 25 - 25.8/3 8.1 - 7/1 16.6 - 0

DADELDHURA 14.5 26.3 6 0 0 0 4/17 24.2 0.5 28.5/30 12.2 -0.2 7.5/3 18.2 0.2 0

SUNDARPUR 5.3 31.6 3 0 0 0 2.5/18 34.9 -0.5 39.3/26 16.6 -1.0 12.3/11 25.8 -0.8 27

DARCHULA 25.0 36.8 3 1 0 0 12.6/3 29.8 -1.1 36/28 13.9 0.0 10.5/15 21.8 -0.6 20

BAJURA 27.2 44.8 7 0 0 0 7.1/18 26.4 - 29.5/26 11.2 - 8/4 18.8 - 0

DHANGADHI 13.2 56.0 3 0 0 0 5.6/3 35.5 -0.4 40.3/30 16.1 -1.5 12.2/1 25.8 -1.0 29

MANGALSEN 8.5 19.4 4 0 0 0 3.5/19 28.8 - 33/30 M M M M M 10

DIPAYAL (DOTI) 5.4 13.8 2 0 0 0 4.2/19 34.7 0.4 40.4/29 14.9 -0.4 11.4/4 24.8 0.0 25

JUMLA 15.9 37.4 4 0 0 0 6.8/14 22.6 0.9 27.4/29 3.3 -0.3 0.1/4 13.0 0.3 0

NAGMA 62.0 124.5 9 2 0 0 12.6/17 26.2 - 31.5/11 5.6 - 3.8/12 15.9 - 8

DUNAI 4.0 28.9 3 0 0 0 2/17 22.4 -2.3 24.5/26 6.9 -0.6 5/4 14.7 -1.4 0

DAILEKH 1.6 5.5 1 0 0 0 1.6/19 29.7 0.9 33.4/26 14.7 0.1 11.2/4 22.2 0.5 15

JAJARKOT 8.4 24.2 1 0 0 0 8.4/3 29.7 - 32.5/7 15.2 - 11.5/3 22.4 - 16

SURKHET 10.2 35.0 2 0 0 0 6.8/3 33.7 0.9 37.3/27 15.3 -1.2 11.7/2 24.5 -0.1 28

NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 14.4 58.2 2 1 0 0 12.4/8 37.1 1.0 41.8/30 16.5 -1.9 11.7/2 26.8 -0.4 30

LIBANG GAUN 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0/1 29.7 - 33/28 12.0 - 8/4 20.8 - 16

BIJUWAR TAR 6.0 15.8 1 0 0 0 6/3 32.8 - 36.2/20 13.7 - 10.8/5 23.2 - 29

SALYAN BAZAR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0/1 29.6 1.6 32.2/26 15.7 0.4 11/17 22.7 1.0 16

CHAUR JHARI TAR 4.0 12.6 1 0 0 0 4/19 34.3 1.0 37.21/26 13.6 -1.5 11/2 24.0 -0.3 30

GHORAI (DANG) 2.4 9.0 1 0 0 0 2.2/3 34.3 1.5 37.5/26 17.0 -0.1 14/4 25.7 0.7 30

JOMSOM 36.6 184.4 7 1 0 0 11.7/19 18.0 -0.8 23/29 3.8 -0.5 0.7/12 10.9 -0.6 0

BAGLUNG M M M M M M M 30.8 -0.3 34.4/22 15.5 0.4 10.6/4 23.2 0.0 22


KUSHMA 19.4 76.4 4 1 0 0 14/27 32.7 1.0 37/23 14.5 -2.2 9.5/4 23.6 -0.6 26

TANSEN 6.5 20.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5/4 30.7 3.0 33.8/22 17.2 0.4 11.5/4 23.9 1.7 18.0

BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0/1 37.4 1.4 41.4/29 17.5 -2.4 12.3/16 27.5 -0.5 30.0

DUMKAULI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0/1 36.5 1.2 39.8/24 19.0 -0.5 14.2/4 27.7 0.4 30.0

KHANCHIKOT 1.5 4.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5/3 24.3 1.4 27.1/26 14.8 0.6 8.6/3 19.6 1.0 0.0

TAULIHAWA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0/1 37.5 0.6 40.8/26 17.1 -2.9 11.5/3 27.3 -1.2 30.0

TAMGHAS 12.4 22.3 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 10.8/4 27.8 2.0 33/30 14.0 0.6 10.2/1 20.9 1.3 6.0

SEMARI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0/1 41.3 4.5 42.5/18 26.8 6.5 23/1 34.0 5.5 30.0

KHUDI BAZAR 60.3 54.6 5.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 41/8 31.0 1.1 34.2/25 17.0 1.2 11.6/4 24.0 1.1 21.0

POKHARA AIRPORT 48.2 37.8 5.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 20.3/8 31.3 1.5 34/22 15.8 0.1 4.8/8 23.5 0.8 22.0

SYANGJA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0/1 33.9 3.8 37.4/19 16.5 2.0 12/11 25.2 2.9 30.0

GORKHA 15.4 17.6 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 12.4/8 32.9 1.4 36/30 17.6 0.3 12.8/4 25.2 0.8 26.0

LUMLE 50.5 45.5 7.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 12.4/26 23.2 0.4 25.5/22 12.7 0.0 8/4 17.9 0.2 0.0

KHAIRINI TAR 4.5 4.2 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5/4 35.0 2.1 37.9/22 14.4 -2.1 7.5/4 24.7 0.0 28.0

RAMPUR 3.9 6.6 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9/4 33.7 -2.0 36/26 16.6 -1.6 12.5/1 25.1 -1.8 30.0

HETAUNDA N.F.I. M M M M M M M 32.6 -1.1 34.5/31 17.2 -0.3 12.5/1 24.9 -0.7 31.0

SIMARA AIRPORT 2.0 4.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2/28 38.1 3.2 41.5/25 16.2 -2.9 11/1 27.1 0.2 30.0

NIJGADH 1.1 1.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1/18 M M M M M M M M M

NUWAKOT 16.8 29.9 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 16.2/8 31.7 0.5 34.3/25 17.9 0.1 13.4/4 24.8 0.3 25.0

GODAVARI 11.1 19.4 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4/8 26.8 1.7 29.8/26 8.0 -3.9 3.9/4 17.4 -1.1 0.0

BAHRABISE 6.2 7.1 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2/30 31.5 - 35.7/21 15.2 - 10/8 23.4 - 20.0

KATHMANDU AIRPORT 3.9 6.4 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5/8 29.6 1.4 33.5/27 12.0 0.4 8.5/3 20.8 0.9 17.0

NAGARKOT 10.5 18.5 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9/8 23.0 0.6 26.3/21 11.4 0.8 7.5/4 17.2 0.7 0.0

DHUNCHE 17.9 23.9 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4/4 M M M M M M M M M

KHOKANA 16.1 - 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 13.7/8 M M M M M M M M M

JIRI 66.9 128.2 7.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 22.1/18 24.7 2.6 27/20 7.5 0.7 3.2/3 16.1 1.6 0.0

SINDHULI MADHI 48.5 69.9 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 32.3/28 34.2 2.5 37.2/25 15.8 -1.2 12.3/2 25.0 0.6 29.0

JANAKPUR AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0/1 37.4 2.6 40.4/26 19.8 -0.8 14.2/1 28.6 0.9 30.0

MANTHALI 11.0 - 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.5/28 35.3 - 39/22 18.8 - 14.5/4 27.0 - 28.0

OKHALDHUNGA 5.8 9.7 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2/28 26.2 2.5 29.2/21 13.3 -0.6 10/4 19.8 1.0 0.0

KHOTANG BAZAR 13.9 29.3 3.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 10.4/30 M M M 19.9 - 14/1 M M M

LAHAN 19.0 41.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 13/28 35.8 1.6 39/25 19.9 -0.4 14/1 27.9 0.6 30.0

RAJBIRAJ 35.2 78.2 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 30/30 36.0 0.3 38.5/12 24.1 3.6 19.5/3 30.0 1.9 30.0

CHAINPUR (EAST) 130.2 131.2 11.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 24/27 M M M M M M M M M

DHANKUTA 42.7 221.4 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 17.8/24 28.4 2.5 31.8/26 16.1 0.2 12.5/4 22.2 1.4 6.0

DHARAN BAZAR 23.6 32.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.8/30 35.0 - 37.8/24 22.5 - 18.5/3 28.8 - 29.0

TERHATHUM 23.0 28.2 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.6/15 26.4 - 28.5/20 12.5 - 9/5 19.4 - 0.0

BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 8.7 16.4 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5/28 36.1 2.2 39.6/25 20.0 -0.4 12.3/12 28.0 0.9 29.0

TAPLEJUNG 66.7 44.2 8.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 30.4/28 24.5 2.2 27.4/21 12.5 0.5 9.2/4 18.5 1.3 0.0

ILAM TEA ESTATE 11.1 19.8 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 11.1/17 24.4 -0.8 27.4/21 15.8 -0.9 12.5/4 20.1 -0.9 0.0

PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 20.4 26.1 3.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 16.5/28 30.3 2.1 33.5/21 16.0 0.3 12.5/4 23.2 1.2 19.0

GAIDA (KANKAI) 31.3 47.8 3.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 16.2/28 35.5 2.1 39.5/24 M M M M M 29.0




No

.of

Days w

ith

maxim

um

tem

pera

ture

≥ 30°C


April, 2014

Stations


To

tal (m

m)

% o

f N

orm

al

No. of Rainy Days

24h

rs E

xtr

em

e R

ain

fall

& D

ate

Maximum ( °C )

51

3.5 MAY

MAIN HIGHLIGHT

Major parts of the country received below normal rainfall. Mean temperature was above normal in

most of the places.

SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES

Weather system of the country during May was mainly affected by western disturbances, upper air

cyclonic circulations and troughs along with local convection. Many weather systems developed over

Indian regions each week got influenced of one of them to bring rain to heavy rainfall over Nepal.


Western parts of the country received less rainfall compared to the eastern parts (Figure 1). Major

parts of the country received below normal rainfall. However, isolated patches over central parts of

the Eastern, eastern parts of Central, and central Western received normal to above normal rainfall

(Figure 2). Maximum rainfall was received in Barhabise (205.5mm, 97.7%) and highest percent of

rainfall was received in Dhankuta (183.8mm, 173.8%). (Table 3.5.1, Fig-2). As compared to other

station, Tamghas recorded the highest 24hour rainfall of 84.6mm on 25th May.

TEMPERATURE PATTERN: Mean temperature in May varied between 13.0 oC to 32.9 oC (Table 3.5.1). Mean temperature was

above normal in almost all parts of the country with highest positive anomaly of 2.9 oC Semari.

However, the northern parts of the Western and Mid-Western region and southern end of Far Western

region has below normal to normal temperature with lowest negative temperature anomaly of -0.7 at

Godawari (Figure 4). Similarly, highest maximum temperature of 44°C was recorded in Semari on

21st May whereas Jumla recorded the lowest minimum temperature of 0.7°C on 13th May (Table

3.5.1).

The preliminary weather data for May 2014 is presented in Table 3.5.1.




52

Remarks: Normal Rainfall (Gray colour) = 100 ± 10

%


53

Table 3.5.1

≥ 1

.0 m

m

≥ 1

0.0

mm

≥ 2

5.0

mm

≥ 5

0.0

mm

Avera

ge M

ax

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Hig

hest

Max &

Date

Avera

ge M

in

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Lo

west

Min

& D

ate

Mo

nth

ly M

ean

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

BAITADI 10.1 7.5 2 0 0 0 6.5/1 26.0 - 26.9/22 - 8/15 13.0 - 0

DADELDHURA 78.8 85.5 8 2 1 0 39.7/31 26.6 0.5 30.4/23 15.0 0.4 9.4/13 20.8 0.5 2

SUNDARPUR 18.1 32.0 3 0 0 0 7.6/2 37.7 0.8 41/23 21.2 -1.3 18.2/16 29.4 -0.3 31

DARCHULA M M M M M M M 34.4 0.5 39.5/20 17.6 -1.3 12/7 26.0 -0.4 30

BAJURA 80.8 70.0 8 3 1 0 29.4/31 28.9 - 32/20 14.5 - 11/29 21.7 - 13

DHANGADHI 7.2 9.1 3 0 0 0 4.1/3 38.7 1.5 42/23 21.2 -1.3 14.6/13 30.0 0.1 31


DIPAYAL (DOTI) 27.8 32.1 5 1 0 0 10.4/28 37.7 1.6 42.7/20 19.4 -0.1 12/13 28.6 0.8 30

JUMLA 43.0 74.9 8 0 0 0 8.8/14 25.1 1.0 29.2/19 7.0 -0.7 0.7/13 16.1 0.1 0

NAGMA 42.1 59.8 11 0 0 0 8.6/3 26.3 - 29/20 7.4 - 5/8 16.8 - 0

DUNAI 26.0 79.6 9 0 0 0 8/25 28.2 0.5 30/21 11.5 -0.2 9/1 19.8 0.1 2

DAILEKH 35.6 32.5 3 1 0 0 22/3 32.8 2.4 35.2/20 18.1 1.6 15.2/3 25.5 2.0 28

JAJARKOT 55.6 70.5 5 2 0 0 17.4/26 30.9 - 34.5/22 16.1 - 13.2/16 23.5 - 22

SURKHET 33.5 36.7 3 2 0 0 15.9/26 36.1 2.2 39.6/23 20.4 0.0 17.4/26 28.2 1.1 30

NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 6.4 10.6 2 0 0 0 4.5/31 39.9 1.9 43.6/11 21.8 -1.3 14.4/13 30.9 0.3 30

LIBANG GAUN 66.1 62.4 4 3 1 0 31/26 31.6 - 36.5/20 15.0 - 12.5/6 23.3 - 25

BIJUWAR TAR 78.4 84.4 6 4 0 0 24.4/28 33.5 - 37.5/12 18.5 - 15.1/3 26.0 - 30

SALYAN BAZAR 34.0 37.6 4 1 0 0 18.2/27 31.6 2.7 36.2/20 18.4 0.6 14/4 25.0 1.7 25

CHAUR JHARI TAR M M M M M M M 37.0 2.4 40/22 17.9 -1.0 15.5/6 27.5 0.7 31

GHORAI (DANG) 78.6 84.0 6 4 1 0 30.6/28 35.6 1.9 38.9/20 21.3 -0.2 16/13 28.5 0.8 30

JOMSOM 34.6 175.5 6 1 0 0 11.8/25 20.7 -0.5 24.5/30 7.4 -0.2 4.2/14 14.0 -0.3 0

BAGLUNG M M M M M M M 32.0 0.5 36.2/21 18.7 0.8 15.3/6 25.4 0.7 24


KUSHMA 106.0 268.2 9 4 1 1 51/2 33.2 1.1 35/16 21.0 2.1 16/2 27.1 1.6 31

TANSEN 82.5 91.4 6 2 2 0 36.3/5 32.1 3.6 36/13 19.5 1.1 15.2/5 25.8 2.4 24

BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 76.9 93.5 6 2 1 0 41/5 38.4 2.1 42.7/11 23.4 -0.3 20.6/16 30.9 0.9 29

DUMKAULI 121.4 63.2 6 3 2 1 59/5 37.1 1.8 41/21 23.1 0.0 19.8/5 30.1 0.9 31

KHANCHIKOT 77.4 69.9 7 4 0 0 23.3/26 25.9 2.2 29/22 16.3 0.6 11.7/5 21.1 1.4 0

TAULIHAWA 42.4 74.1 4 2 0 0 21.8/5 38.6 1.4 42/21 22.9 1.2 20.6/17 30.8 1.3 30

TAMGHAS 159.8 114.6 9 4 2 1 84.6/25 28.5 2.2 32/9 15.7 0.1 13/2 22.1 1.1 16

SEMARI 89.0 72.3 5 4 1 0 37/5 39.4 2.5 44/24 26.3 3.3 20/31 32.9 2.9 31

KHUDI BAZAR 126.7 53.3 13 5 0 0 22.5/30 31.7 1.2 34.8/18 18.7 0.4 11.9/30 25.2 0.8 22

POKHARA AIRPORT 125.5 34.9 11 5 1 0 25.6/5 31.7 1.6 34.5/11 19.0 0.6 16/6 25.4 1.1 27

SYANGJA 149.8 55.2 7 5 3 0 43.4/29 34.4 4.1 38.2/26 17.6 0.1 13.2/15 26.0 2.1 30

GORKHA 65.8 38.1 8 1 0 0 23.5/5 34.5 1.9 38/8 20.9 1.8 18.4/14 27.7 1.9 28

LUMLE 84.4 26.4 15 3 0 0 18/5 24.5 1.3 27/22 15.0 0.7 13/5 19.7 1.0 0

KHAIRINI TAR 114.2 35.5 9 4 2 0 33.6/10 35.1 2.2 37.9/22 23.1 3.2 18.4/3 29.1 2.7 28

RAMPUR 106.4 61.1 6 3 1 0 42.5/5 37.2 1.6 40.3/21 21.6 -0.6 18.4/16 29.4 0.5 30

HETAUNDA N.F.I. 76.2 39.0 9 2 0 0 22.4/26 35.8 2.1 40.8/11 21.7 0.7 19.5/2 28.8 1.4 27

SIMARA AIRPORT 164.0 125.3 8 5 2 1 80.6/26 36.3 1.4 40.7/11 21.6 -1.5 12.2/13 28.9 -0.1 28

NIJGADH 15.5 11.3 3 0 0 0 6/2 32.1 - 35.5/22 M M M M M 26

GAUR 67.1 51.8 4 4 0 0 24.4/5 29.9 -5.6 37/14 24.4 1.1 17.5/5 27.2 3.5 18

NUWAKOT 62.0 49.7 6 3 0 0 19.8/2 32.1 0.5 35.5/22 20.8 1.3 16.5/2 26.4 0.9 26

DHADING 121.5 65.2 6 3 3 0 40.2/3 33.6 - 39.5/14 23.5 - 21/25 28.6 - 28

GODAVARI 106.4 80.0 12 5 1 0 26.4/26 27.9 2.1 30.9/18 11.4 -3.5 8.1/5 19.6 -0.7 11

BAHRABISE 205.5 97.7 14 7 3 0 42.1/26 33.5 - 36.5/16 17.2 - 14/8 25.4 - 29

KATHMANDU AIRPORT 162.9 131.7 8 4 4 1 52.3/26 29.6 0.9 33/20 16.4 0.7 13/5 23.0 1.1 19

NAGARKOT 110.4 75.8 12 3 1 0 31.5/26 23.3 0.5 27.5/18 13.4 1.0 9.5/2 18.4 0.8 0

DHUNCHE 59.2 50.9 3 1 1 1 53.8/25 25.4 - 28/23 15.3 - 12/23 20.3 - 0

KHOKANA 119.6 - 11 4 2 0 27.2/26 28.9 - 33.5/23 14.3 - 11.5/17 21.6 - 17

JIRI 183.2 142.8 14 6 3 0 35.5/22 M M M M M M M M M

SINDHULI MADHI 135.2 62.5 10 4 2 0 48/24 M M M M M M M M M

JANAKPUR AIRPORT 182.1 142.0 7 5 2 1 79/5 36.0 1.5 40.6/21 24.5 0.5 20/5 30.3 1.0 28

JALESORE 144.5 - 4 4 2 1 70/26 36.3 0.5 40.5/21 26.7 2.4 22/26 31.5 1.5 30

MANTHALI 67.0 - 7 2 1 0 26/25 35.9 - 41/13 28.2 - 19.5/3 32.0 - 26

OKHALDHUNGA 98.9 64.3 9 3 1 0 32.8/2 26.0 1.4 30/22 14.9 -0.6 9.7/2 20.4 0.4 1


LAHAN 89.1 83.9 7 2 1 0 45/28 34.9 0.3 40/21 24.4 0.6 20/5 29.6 0.4 29

RAJBIRAJ 87.5 68.9 5 2 2 0 39.5/24 M M M 24.0 0.7 20/3 M M M

CHAINPUR (EAST) 162.5 82.0 14 6 3 0 30/29 M M M M M M M M M

DHANKUTA 183.8 589.5 10 5 2 1 82/28 28.1 1.6 31.9/23 18.9 1.1 15.2/2 23.5 1.3 5

DHARAN BAZAR 179.4 97.4 10 4 3 1 62.7/28 33.1 - 37.5/14 24.0 - 19/2 28.5 - 26

TERHATHUM 138.0 109.4 8 5 2 0 44.2/2 26.4 - 28.5/15 15.2 - 11/2 20.8 - 0


TAPLEJUNG 184.0 78.2 19 6 2 0 39.2/28 24.8 1.3 28.2/10 14.9 0.4 10.5/13 19.9 0.9 0

ILAM TEA ESTATE 143.9 103.6 9 3 3 1 62.2/28 26.6 0.9 30.5/17 16.0 -2.0 11/27 21.3 -0.6 2


GAIDA (KANKAI) 40.7 19.2 4 1 1 0 33.8/2 33.3 0.1 38/15 22.0 0.4 18.5/2 27.6 0.3 27



No. of Rainy Days

24h

rs E

xtr

em

e R

ain

fall

& D

ate


No

.of

Days w

ith

maxim

um

tem

pera

ture

≥ 30°C


MAY 2014

Stations


To

tal (m

m)

% o

f N

orm

al

54

3.6 JUNE

MAIN HIGHLIGHTS

All parts of the country remained warmer than normal with western parts relatively warmer than

central and eastern parts of the country. Precipitation was below normal to above normal in western

region, central region and eastern region whereas mid and far western region received below normal

rainfall.

SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES

The arrival of monsoon this year was on 20th June delayed by 10 days than normal date of 10th June

with a weak surge and covered the whole country within two days. A low pressure area was formed

on Bay of Bengal on 19th June which enhanced the activity of the southwest monsoon over eastern

part of Nepal by 20th June.

Monsoon Trough

During monsoon season, position of monsoon trough plays an important role in the contribution of

rainfall. In general, if it shifts north of its normal position towards foothills of Himalaya, Nepal

generally gets significant rainfall and when it moves to the south, monsoon break period occurs

resulting in less or no rainfall. The axis of monsoon trough as usual oscillated south and north of its

normal position during this month.

Low Pressure Area (LPA)

The first low pressure area of the monsoon season formed over south Tamil Nadu across south

Chattisgarh, Telangana , interior Karnataka and over Lakshadweep area off Kerala coast which

extended from southwest Madhya Pradesh to north interior Karnataka across Vidarbha and

Marathwada (1st - 6th June) facilitating the advance of monsoon over the whole Indian subcontinent.

The second well-marked low pressure area over east central Arabian Sea concentrated into a d

epression on the 10th June 2014, further moved slowly westwards and intensified into a Cyclonic

Storm ‘NANAUK’ (10th – 17th June). The axis of monsoon trough at mean sea level passes from west

Uttar Pradesh to Mizoram across east Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and centre of above low pressure area

persists. The east-west trough at mean sea level now runs from Punjab to the north Bay of Bengal

across Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and the center of low pressure area (20th – 27th June).

Upper Air Cyclonic Circulation (UACC)

An upper air cyclonic circulation lied over east Uttar Pradesh and neighborhood extended above

mean sea level, a trough extended from this systems to Telangana across east Madhya Pradesh and

Vidarbha which led to the onset of the monsoon over Kerela in India.

The western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation extended over Jammu & Kashmir and

neighbourhood persists and is moving away northeastwards resulting the onset of monsoon over

Nepal.

Other UACCs also formed during this month enhancing rainfall activity over Nepal.


Rainfall was received throughout the country this month although it was above normal in only few

places. The central part of the WR and eastern parts of the country, except for Dhankuta, received

more rainfall in comparison to other parts of the country. The last week of the month has the more

contribution as the maximum rainfall occurred over most of the stations due to the delay of the

monsoon for 10 days. The maximum rainfall was recorded in Pokhara 687.8 mm (102.8%), Lumle

611.3mm (69.0%) and Gaida 582.5mm (129.9%). Whereas percentage wise it was maximum in

55

Biratnagar Airport 141.4% (427.4mm), Gaida 129.9% (582.5mm) and Okhaldhunga 118.7%

(354.1mm). Highest 24 hour rainfall (>92mm/24hour)were recorded at Pokhara Airport 188.4mm on

22nd followed by Gaida 98.6mm on 5th, Dharan Bazar 93.7mm on 3rd (Table 3.6.1. ). Most of the

western received only 30-60% of normal rain. Rainfall was below normal in large parts of the

country.

Table 3.6.1: Weekly distribution of precipitation over Nepal in June 2014

Week

Total rainfall (mm)

(arithmetic average from

station rainfall)

Percentage (%)

of monthly total

Daily rainfall

Intensity (mm)

1st 25.7 15.1 3.7

2nd 22.1 13.0 3.2

3rd 53.0 31.2 7.6

4th 53.0 31.2 7.6

Remaining 2 days 16.1 9.5 2.3

Total 169.9 100 24.3


The mean temperature was above normal in almost all of the places of the country. Highest positive

anomaly of mean temperature was observed in Semari and Salyan Bazar of 2.7°C. Syangja received

highest maximum temperature departure of 3.7°C and Godavari recorded highest minimum

temperature departure of -2.8°. The highest maximum temperature of 45.2 °C was recorded in

Dipayal (Doti) on 8th June whereas the lowest minimum temperature of 7°C was recorded in Jomsom

and Jumla on 2nd June.

Image: 1 Image: 2

Image 1: Visible band of Kalpana Satellite showing the cloud cover over the Indian subcontinent on

date 20th June 2014, 4:45z which produced the rain in the day and the following days on setting the

monsoon of 2014.

56

Image 2: Infra-red band of Kalpana Satellite showing the cloud cover over the Indian subcontinent on

the same date 20th June 2014, 4:15z.

The preliminary weather data for June 2014 is presented in Table 3.6.2.

Note: Due to the interpolation of the data with (1km x 1km) grid file the interpolated pictures of the



57



Table 3.6.2

58

.

≥ 1

.0 m

m

≥ 1

0.0

mm

≥ 2

5.0

mm

≥ 5

0.0

mm

Avera

ge M

ax

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Hig

hest

Max &

Date

Avera

ge M

in

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Lo

west

Min

& D

ate

Mo

nth

ly M

ean

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

BAITADI 158.1 78.3 9 3 2 1 70.5/29 25.2 - 25.8/9 10.0 - 9.3/7 17.6 - 0

DADELDHURA 87.0 50.7 6 4 1 0 32.4/18 28.0 2.0 31.5/6 18.1 1.5 15.6/2 23.1 1.7 7

SUNDARPUR 103.6 39.5 6 4 1 0 39.6/19 37.1 0.7 40.8/5 25.5 0.4 22.5/3 31.3 0.6 0

DARCHULA M M M M M M M 35.4 1.5 39.5/6 20.5 -0.4 16.5/3 27.9 0.6 0

BAJURA 225.8 83.8 6 5 4 2 77.5/21 30.5 - 32.5/7 18.2 - 14.5/2 24.3 - 0

DHANGADHI 84.4 33.4 7 2 1 1 56/20 38.2 1.9 42.3/5 25.5 0.4 22/22 31.9 1.1 30


DIPAYAL (DOTI) 142.4 88.3 10 6 2 0 36.7/18 39.2 2.9 45.2/8 24.6 1.7 19.6/3 31.9 2.3 29

JUMLA 24.5 33.1 5 1 0 0 10.2/2 28.5 2.5 34.8/13 13.1 0.2 7/2 20.8 1.4 3

NAGMA 14.3 18.5 5 0 0 0 4.8/9 29.2 - 32/25 7.5 - 5.4/26 18.4 - 0

DUNAI 30.0 77.5 5 1 0 0 12/26 30.5 1.8 33.5/8 16.3 0.3 11.5/2 23.4 1.0 24

DAILEKH 36.0 15.2 6 1 0 0 17.2/28 32.8 2.2 35.6/8 M M M M M 28

JAJARKOT 79.0 28.8 8 3 1 0 32.4/15 32.3 - 35.5/6 21.3 - 17.5/2 26.8 - 0

SURKHET 88.3 35.0 6 2 1 0 47/21 36.4 3.3 39.3/6 23.9 1.0 20.5/2 30.1 2.1 29

NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 109.3 50.9 7 3 1 1 60.6/20 39.7 3.0 43.9/5 26.3 1.0 23/22 33.0 2.0 28

LIBANG GAUN 179.5 62.2 7 5 5 1 50/17 31.7 - 34.5/10 18.2 - 14/2 25.0 - 0

BIJUWAR TAR 133.2 58.6 8 5 2 1 50.5/21 33.2 - 36.2/13 19.8 - 10/24 26.5 - 0

SALYAN BAZAR 59.6 21.1 4 1 1 0 45.8/22 31.8 3.5 38.2/12 21.3 2.0 15.2/1 26.5 2.7 0

CHAUR JHARI TAR 57.0 38.1 4 2 1 0 30/14 37.5 2.8 40/7 23.0 0.0 18/2 30.3 1.4 0

GHORAI (DANG) 168.4 65.8 8 4 4 0 47/28 34.5 2.3 37.4/6 23.6 0.5 20.5/2 29.0 1.4 29

JOMSOM 10.6 44.5 2 0 0 0 8.5/1 23.9 0.9 26.5/29 12.6 0.6 7/2 18.2 0.8 0

BENI BAZAR 174.9 369.9 14 7 1 0 29/20 M M M M M M M M M

KUSHMA 311.4 432.3 20 12 4 0 39/20 31.6 -0.3 34/21 22.5 1.3 21/7 27.0 0.5 0

TANSEN 55.5 21.9 14 1 0 0 11.4/6 30.6 3.0 33.6/15 20.9 0.9 18/2 25.8 1.9 32.3

BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 225.8 83.8 6 5 4 2 77.5/21 37.1 1.7 41.5/16 26.6 1.0 23.5/10 31.9 1.3 29

DUMKAULI 510.8 127.1 17 10 8 6 89/21 35.8 1.1 39/3 25.8 0.5 23/26 30.8 0.8 30

KHANCHIKOT 328.6 119.4 7 4 3 2 150/2 25.6 1.6 27/10 17.8 0.6 14.5/2 21.7 1.1 0

TAULIHAWA 253.6 124.3 12 8 4 0 46.2/17 36.8 0.8 41.5/4 26.3 0.9 22.1/2 31.5 0.8 30

TAMGHAS 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0/1 28.6 1.9 32/27 18.0 0.2 14.8/2 23.3 1.0 6

SEMARI 220.0 82.6 6 6 4 1 80/19 39.9 3.2 41.5/8 26.8 2.1 21.5/18 33.3 2.7 30

KHUDI BAZAR 416.1 76.1 24 12 8 0 44/22 31.5 0.7 34.4/5 21.5 1.0 18.2/2 26.5 0.8 25

POKHARA AIRPORT 687.8 102.8 24 15 10 3 188.4/22 31.9 1.3 33.7/3 21.8 0.9 18.2/2 26.9 1.1 26

SYANGJA 309.1 57.1 15 8 3 2 90.4/30 34.8 3.7 38/19 21.2 0.6 19.4/3 28.0 2.2 23

GORKHA 260.1 85.2 12 8 5 1 53.5/11 33.4 1.1 36/3 23.1 2.2 19.6/13 28.3 1.7 28

LUMLE 611.3 69.0 27 17 9 3 88.2/22 24.5 0.7 26/17 17.6 1.0 14.5/2 21.0 0.8 0

KHAIRINI TAR 476.2 107.7 21 18 5 1 111/23 34.7 1.4 38.9/4 23.2 0.5 19.9/2 28.9 1.0 30

RAMPUR 389.5 113.2 16 13 6 1 53/21 35.5 0.6 38.3/6 24.7 0.0 22/13 30.1 0.3 0

HETAUNDA N.F.I. M M M M M M M 33.9 1.0 37/5 23.9 0.7 19.4/13 28.9 0.8 0

SIMARA AIRPORT 225.8 83.8 6 5 4 2 77.5/21 35.2 0.9 38.4/5 25.2 -0.1 17.6/4 30.2 0.4 28


BIRGANJ 24.7 10.0 6 0 0 0 7.1/10 M M M M M M M M M

GAUR 100.0 41.7 4 4 2 1 51.5/22 30.8 - 35.5/4 25.4 - 22.5/1 28.1 - 20

NUWAKOT 176.8 62.2 14 5 3 0 35.6/22 32.3 1.2 34.5/4 22.2 0.9 18.5/2 27.3 1.0 0

DHADING 81.8 24.3 8 3 1 0 30/14 33.1 - 39.5/10 23.7 - 21/18 28.4 - 0

GODAVARI 70.8 25.8 8 3 1 0 29/22 28.4 2.1 30.3/10 14.8 -2.8 11.4/2 21.6 -0.4 0

BAHRABISE 377.7 82.3 14 9 7 2 66/26 33.2 - 36.5/8 20.5 - 18/4 26.8 - 0

KATHMANDU AIRPORT 166.2 70.3 14 6 2 0 48.2/21 30.5 1.4 32.3/16 20.1 1.0 16/2 25.3 1.6 24

NAGARKOT 129.7 43.5 11 4 1 0 27/2 23.6 0.5 25.5/6 15.7 1.1 13.5/2 19.7 0.8 0

DHUNCHE 81.2 30.6 13 4 0 0 12.6/24 25.3 - 26/1 16.3 - 14/2 20.8 - 0

KHOKANA 310.3 - 14 8 3 1 99.8/11 M M M M M M M M M

JIRI 254.8 106.7 21 8 3 1 61.6/20 25.3 1.1 27/17 16.0 0.5 11/2 20.6 0.8 0

SINDHULI MADHI 372.5 80.2 20 11 7 3 68.3/6 33.0 1.7 37/1 23.5 1.3 20.7/13 28.2 1.5 30

JANAKPUR AIRPORT 197.9 82.9 12 7 2 1 57.1/10 35.3 1.2 38.6/5 26.6 0.7 22.8/10 30.9 0.9 30

MANTHALI 22.5 - 5 1 0 0 11/27 38.0 - 40/11 24.8 - 10/17 31.4 - 30

OKHALDHUNGA 354.1 118.7 18 11 4 2 83.6/28 25.8 0.4 29.7/5 17.1 -2.0 14.7/2 21.4 -0.8 0


LAHAN 249.7 104.4 13 6 3 2 66/3 34.1 0.1 37/2 25.4 0.1 20/4 29.7 0.1 0

RAJBIRAJ 226.8 88.2 16 4 3 1 59/4 33.3 -0.8 36/27 25.8 0.9 23/13 29.5 0.0 26


DHANKUTA 45.4 103.0 11 1 0 0 11.6/22 28.4 1.4 29.8/17 21.2 1.3 19/1 24.8 1.3 0

DHARAN BAZAR 262.3 79.1 15 4 3 2 93.7/3 32.6 - 34.9/16 25.2 - 23.5/6 28.9 - 28

TERHATHUM 100.2 63.3 8 5 1 0 30.1/23 28.1 - 29.5/11 17.7 - 15.5/1 22.9 - 0

BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 427.4 141.4 19 10 4 3 91.8/8 33.6 0.7 37.8/16 24.8 -0.4 21.8/24 29.2 0.2 29

TAPLEJUNG 313.8 106.4 17 9 4 1 72.5/29 26.5 1.8 29.7/5 18.2 1.0 15.7/1 22.4 1.4 0

ILAM TEA ESTATE 274.5 93.7 15 5 3 2 105/23 26.8 0.9 28.7/11 17.2 -2.5 15/21 22.0 -0.8 0


GAIDA (KANKAI) 582.5 129.9 19 12 8 5 98.6/5 33.4 0.2 36/17 23.8 0.5 22.4/7 28.6 0.4 29




No

.of

Days w

ith

maxim

um

tem

pera

ture

≥ 30°C


JUNE 2014

Stations


To

tal (m

m)

% o

f N

orm

al

No. of Rainy Days

24h

rs E

xtr

em

e R

ain

fall

& D

ate

Maximum ( °C )

3.7 JULY

MAIN HIGHLIGHTS

59

Large parts of the country received normal to above normal rainfall in July, 2014. Mean temperature

was also normal to above normal in most parts of the country.

SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES:

Weather over Nepal was affected by the following systems enhancing the rainfall activities during

July 2014.

Monsoon Trough

During monsoon season, position of monsoon trough plays an important role in the contribution of

rainfall. In general, if it shifts north of its normal position towards foothills of Himalaya, Nepal


resulting in less or no rainfall. The axis of monsoon trough mostly remained normal or south of its

normal during this month.


Three low pressure area and one land depression were formed during this month. The formation of

LPA (1st-7th July) over northern Bay of Bengal and adjoining areas and its movement towards north-

northwesterly direction helped the monsoon to cover whole country by 4th July, 14 days later to the

onset date of monsoon. Another LPA (11th -18th July) over north western Bay of Bengal spurred the

vigorous monsoon condition over the Western Nepal. The formation of the land depression (21st -23rd

July) over north eastern parts of Odisha & its adjoining areas of Gangetic West Bengal and its

westward movement along with the LPA (27th – 31st July) over northwest Bay of Bengal, had mild

monsoon activity over Nepal during the period.


July is the wettest month for Nepal. This year, rainfall in July was normal to above normal in large

parts of the country (Figure 2).

Rainfall was highest (>1000 mm) in central part of Western Region (WR) in Lumle while it was

lowest (<250 mm) in northern parts of the Mid-Western Region (MWR) and southern parts of the

Eastern Region (ER) (Figure 1).

Normal to above normal rainfall was recorded over central parts of the all the regions of the country,

whereas the upper Himalayas and the southern border of the country received normal to below normal

rainfall.

Monsoon was vigorous in 3rd week of the month (Table 3.7.1), as a result, good amount of rainfall

was recorded throughout the country in comparison to the other weeks.

As compared to other stations, Lumle recorded the highest 24-hr rainfall of 169.5mm on 18th July also

contributing to the highest monthly total rainfall of 1560.6 mm while Jalesore recorded the lowest

monthly total rainfall of 54.5 mm (Table 3.7.2).

Table 3.7.1: Weekly distribution of precipitation over Nepal in July 2014

Week Total rainfall (mm)

(arithmetic average from

Percentage (%)

of monthly

Daily rainfall

Intensity (mm)

60

station rainfall) total

1st 48.0 18.9 6.9

2nd 49.9 19.7 7.1

3rd 81.1 32.0 11.6

4th 54.5 21.5 7.8


Total 253.2 100.0


Mean temperature in July varied from below 0°C in northern parts to above 30 °C especially in the

eastern and central Tarai region and some isolated patches in rest of the Tarai Region (Fig 3).

Mean temperature was normal to above normal (Figure 4) in almost all parts of the country, with

positive departures greater than or equal to 1.6oC in isolated patches over Western and eastern

Regions, whereas below normal temperature was observed in Northern limits of the FW and MW

regions.

The highest positive temperature anomaly of 1.9 °C was recorded in Gorkha while the highest

negative temperature anomaly of -1.3 °C was recorded in Kushma.

Similarly, highest maximum temperature of 39.5 °C was recorded in Dipayal on 3rd July whereas

Nagma recorded the lowest minimum temperature of 7.5 °C on 2nd July (Table 3.7.2).

The preliminary weather data for July 2014 is presented in Table 3.7.2.

61



Table 3.7.2

62

≥ 1

.0 m

m

≥ 1

0.0

mm

≥ 2

5.0

mm

≥ 5

0.0

mm

Avera

ge M

ax

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Hig

hest

Max &

Date

Avera

ge M

in

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Lo

west

Min

& D

ate

Mo

nth

ly M

ean

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

BAITADI M M M M M M M 23.8 - 25.8/1 9.8 - 9/30 16.8 - 0

DADELDHURA 691.1 209.9 21 14 9 5 126.4/19 24.4 0.2 27.2/3 17.7 0.4 16.1/8 21.1 0.3 0

SUNDARPUR 516.5 97.0 22 13 7 4 68.2/12 32.8 -0.5 35.6/3 26.0 0.6 24.3/20 29.4 0.0 26

DARCHULA 361.7 50.8 26 17 1 0 28/29 31.0 -1.0 34.6/4 21.6 -0.1 15/25 26.3 -0.6 21

BAJURA 682.4 127.7 26 20 12 2 73.4/19 27.6 - 30/30 19.4 - 18/8 23.5 - 1

DHANGADHI 321.6 56.8 22 11 4 1 89.5/21 33.6 0.4 38/3 25.6 -0.1 23/6 29.6 0.2 30

MANGALSEN 388.1 117.7 22 13 7 1 52.3/20 30.2 - 33/2 M M M M M 21

DIPAYAL (DOTI) 259.9 108.9 17 11 2 0 39/18 34.0 -0.1 39.5/3 24.4 0.3 20/18 29.2 0.1 26

JUMLA 247.6 137.4 25 10 0 0 22.6/19 25.4 0.4 28.6/10 16.2 0.6 14.7/8 20.8 0.5 0

NAGMA 275.3 199.4 24 11 2 0 41.8/8 32.2 - 34/1 9.4 - 7.5/2 20.8 - 31

DUNAI 132.0 178.2 23 4 0 0 12/29 28.1 -0.5 30/1 18.1 0.3 17/1 23.1 -0.1 2

DAILEKH 495.5 99.0 23 17 6 1 115.2/8 27.3 -1.3 31.4/3 20.2 2.3 18.2/7 23.8 0.5 2

JAJARKOT 417.4 84.8 28 19 4 0 47.6/16 28.5 - 32.5/2 21.3 - 19.5/30 24.9 - 7

SURKHET 646.8 137.1 19 15 8 5 110/8 31.4 0.7 33.7/30 23.8 0.3 21.6/8 27.6 0.5 29

GULARIYA 380.7 90.3 13 9 6 2 89.1/7 M M M M M M M M 0


LIBANG GAUN 360.8 91.4 21 15 6 1 50/15 28.8 - 31.5/5 18.9 - 17.5/30 23.9 - 11

BIJUWAR TAR 221.2 70.0 16 6 5 0 44/19 M M M M M M M M 0

SALYAN BAZAR 294.4 68.4 17 8 3 1 70.2/7 28.0 1.5 32/6 20.0 0.7 14/7 24.0 1.1 4

CHAUR JHARI TAR 309.3 118.5 17 11 5 1 53/16 33.4 1.3 38/1 23.2 0.7 21/31 28.3 1.0 29

GHORAI (DANG) 540.0 130.7 25 11 9 3 119.8/7 31.6 1.8 33.4/21 23.6 0.5 21.5/30 27.6 1.2 27

JOMSOM 71.3 165.2 14 1 0 0 10.8/19 23.0 0.0 24.8/10 14.7 1.1 12.5/16 18.8 0.6 0

BENI BAZAR 407.9 747.4 25 15 7 1 61.5/18 M M M M M M M M 0

KUSHMA 697.5 723.5 28 22 10 5 95/6 32.9 1.6 37/22 17.9 -4.1 14/13 25.4 -1.3 27

TANSEN 454.2 94.5 22 15 6 3 74/15 29.2 2.6 31.8/30 21.1 0.7 19.8/28 25.2 1.6 13

BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 259.5 47.6 17 6 3 1 108/19 34.0 1.0 36.6/21 26.7 0.8 24.2/13 30.3 0.9 29

DUMKAULI 653.6 99.3 24 17 10 3 135/19 33.7 0.8 35.8/28 25.6 -0.1 20.8/7 29.7 0.3 30

KHANCHIKOT 514.5 102.1 23 12 7 3 94.5/19 23.8 0.9 26.7/21 17.4 -0.1 16.6/29 20.6 0.4 0

TAULIHAWA 247.5 49.8 15 7 4 1 66.2/1 33.2 -0.3 35.2/21 26.9 1.6 24.6/1 30.1 0.6 30

TAMGHAS 572.4 115.2 20 14 11 3 62.9/5 26.8 1.1 29/2 19.2 0.4 17.6/25 23.0 0.7 0

SEMARI 296.9 51.5 19 8 4 2 66/20 35.5 0.4 41/31 26.0 0.3 21.5/4 30.7 0.3 31

KHUDI BAZAR 708.9 83.2 30 22 13 0 44/17 31.4 1.2 32.8/20 22.4 1.2 21.4/4 26.9 1.2 25

POKHARA AIRPORT 800.4 85.1 27 19 12 4 101.8/1 31.4 1.4 33.5/21 22.3 0.3 20.3/1 26.8 0.8 28

SYANGJA 527.1 70.3 22 17 11 1 90.4/1 33.2 2.6 35.6/30 22.0 0.1 20.6/22 27.6 1.4 31

GORKHA 320.0 74.7 24 10 4 0 46.5/17 32.0 1.7 33.8/13 23.6 2.1 21.2/1 27.8 1.9 29

LUMLE 1560.6 106.2 31 24 21 13 169.5/18 23.9 0.5 27/21 18.1 0.5 16/1 21.0 0.5 0

KHAIRINI TAR 503.5 94.0 20 13 7 2 76.8/15 33.8 1.4 35.9/30 24.4 0.7 22.4/1 29.1 1.1 29

RAMPUR 503.5 89.2 20 13 7 2 76.8/15 33.6 0.5 36/26 25.8 0.5 22/1 29.7 0.5 30

HETAUNDA N.F.I. 428.0 64.1 22 12 5 2 101.2/19 32.6 1.0 34.5/31 24.5 0.9 23.2/30 28.6 1.0 31

SIMARA AIRPORT 334.5 57.6 24 10 4 2 71.8/10 34.2 1.8 35.6/20 26.1 0.6 24/4 30.2 1.2 28


GAUR 126.0 32.7 7 6 1 0 28/4 29.3 - 31/6 24.3 - 20.5/3 26.8 - 9

NUWAKOT 551.5 112.8 24 17 9 3 63.6/22 30.6 0.4 32.5/10 22.3 0.6 20.7/1 26.5 0.5 26

GODAVARI 493.6 101.9 27 17 7 2 70.2/24 26.8 1.5 29.3/10 15.8 -2.8 13.7/1 21.3 -0.7 0

BAHRABISE 727.1 100.3 30 23 13 4 70.7/13 31.1 - 34/14 21.7 - 19.8/8 26.4 - 25


NAGARKOT 499.8 110.1 24 16 10 1 52/30 22.3 -0.1 25/13 16.0 0.6 13.5/13 19.2 0.3 0

DHUNCHE 715.7 159.3 28 25 10 2 93.4/19 25.2 - 26.5/16 16.9 - 16/5 21.0 - 0

KHOKANA 225.8 - 23 10 1 0 30.6/24 28.7 - 31/12 20.6 - 18.5/1 24.6 - 6

JIRI 751.8 154.2 29 22 9 4 99.3/17 24.7 0.9 26.5/12 17.4 0.4 14.6/1 21.1 0.7 0

SINDHULI MADHI 555.1 75.6 24 13 8 3 98/11 32.2 1.8 34/23 24.1 0.9 22.5/3 28.2 1.3 30


JALESORE 54.5 - 5 4 0 0 15/23 34.4 0.9 37.2/6 25.0 -1.1 23/22 29.7 -0.1 31

MANTHALI 217.0 - 20 8 2 0 37/24 34.8 - 37.5/12 24.0 - 22.5/25 29.4 - 31

OKHALDHUNGA 246.2 52.2 21 5 2 1 97.4/13 25.6 1.5 27.2/13 17.6 -0.2 16.8/3 21.6 0.7 0


LAHAN 216.0 53.7 18 5 2 1 79/13 33.1 0.8 35.5/20 26.2 0.9 20/1 29.7 0.8 30

RAJBIRAJ 205.7 46.7 17 8 2 0 31/6 33.3 0.6 35.5/12 26.1 1.3 24/29 29.7 0.9 30

CHAINPUR (EAST) 171.2 56.5 18 6 1 1 53.6/12 29.8 2.3 31.2/5 20.2 1.0 18.8/26 25.0 1.6 23

DHANKUTA 109.9 44.0 13 5 1 0 28.8/24 28.8 2.0 30.7/22 21.3 1.1 20/29 25.1 1.6 3

DHARAN BAZAR 297.2 51.0 17 12 4 0 48.1/28 32.6 - 34.4/26 25.6 - 23.9/28 29.1 - 30

TERHATHUM 101.8 45.1 13 2 1 0 33.8/24 M M M M M M M M M


TAPLEJUNG 323.4 77.7 21 7 4 2 97.4/13 26.9 2.2 28.9/20 18.8 0.8 16.8/28 22.8 1.5 0

ILAM TEA ESTATE 214.7 47.6 13 7 2 1 52/24 26.9 1.5 29/27 16.9 -3.0 15/15 21.9 -0.7 0

PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 158.7 47.2 20 4 1 0 29.2/24 30.2 1.5 32.8/31 22.3 0.9 20/28 26.2 1.2 19

GAIDA (KANKAI) 427.3 56.4 22 12 7 3 65.6/8 34.2 1.6 36.5/12 25.0 1.3 23.8/15 29.6 1.4 31



No. of Rainy Days

24h

rs E

xtr

em

e R

ain

fall

& D

ate


No

.of

Days w

ith

maxim

um

tem

pera

ture

≥ 30°C


JULY 2014

Stations


To

tal (m

m)

% o

f N

orm

al

63

3.8 AUGUST

MAIN HIGHLIGHT

Large parts of the country received normal to above normal rainfall in August 2014. Mean

temperature was above normal in most parts. Surkhet and Dang experienced the record breaking

rainfall of 423.1mm and 298.4mm on 15th of this month.

SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES:

Weather over Nepal was affected by the following systems enhancing the rainfall activities during

August 2014.

Monsoon Trough

During monsoon season, position of the monsoon trough plays an important role in the contribution

of rainfall. In general, if it shifts north of its normal position towards foothills of Himalaya, Nepal


resulting in less or no rainfall.

The axis of monsoon trough mostly remained north of its normal position. It shifted to the foothills of

Himalayas by the 13th of this month which spurred the vigorous monsoon condition over the whole

country.


Three low pressure areas and a deep depression formed during successive weeks of August. The deep

depression (3rd -6th August) formed over coastal areas of West Bengal and neighborhood contributed

rainfall over central and western parts of Nepal. LPA (9th – 11th August) over north Bay of Bengal and

its north westward movement and dissipation led the monsoon trough to shift towards the foot hills of

the Himalayas on 13th August. Two other well marked low pressure were formed during last weeks of

this month over Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.

The low pressure area enhances the rainfall activity during monsoon but the area of its influence is

determined by the position of monsoon trough.


This year, rainfall in August was normal to above normal in large parts of the country (Figure 2).

Rainfall was below 800 mm in most parts of the country. Whereas below 200 mm were observed in

the isolated patches over northern parts of Mid-Western Region (MWR), the central part Far Western

Region (FWR) and Dhankuta, in the Eastern region (ER). However, it was above 1600 mm in an

isolated patch in WR in and around Lumle (Figure 1).

Most of the central parts of FWR and MWR, north western parts of the Western Region (WR) and

south eastern parts in the Central Region (CR) and Eastern Region (ER) received below normal

rainfall whereas rest of the country received normal to above normal rainfall.

Monsoon was more active in 2nd and 3rd weeks of the month (Table 3.8.1); in comparison to the other

weeks.

As compared to other stations, Lumle recorded the highest monthly total rainfall of 1681.7 mm (114.5

% of normal rainfall) while Jomsom recorded the lowest rainfall of 20.3 mm (47 % of normal

rainfall) (Table 3.8.2). Kushma recorded highest percentage of rainfall this month with 1006.1%

(969.9mm).

64

Surkhet recorded the highest 24-hr rainfall of 423.1 mm on 13th August as compared to other stations

during August.

Table 3.8.1: Temporal distribution of average rainfall in August, 2014


(arithmetic average

from station rainfall)

Percentage (%)

of monthly total

Daily rainfall Intensity

(mm)

1st 62.3 16.6 8.9

2nd 108.8 29.0 15.5

3rd 114.5 30.5 16.4

4th 75.9 20.2 10.8


Total 375.7 100.0


Mean temperature in August varied from below 0°C in northern Himalayas to above 29 °C in the

southern plains (Figure 3, Table 3.8.2).

Mean temperature was normal to above normal in most parts of the country. Below normal

temperature was only recorded in isolated patches around Rampur and Jalesore of the CR. (Figure 4).

As compared to the other stations highest maximum temperature of 38.5 °C was recorded in

Dhangadhi on 30th August whereas Jomsom recorded the lowest minimum temperature of 12°C on

31st August (Table 3.8.2).

The preliminary weather data for August 2014 is presented in Table 3.8.2.

65



Table 3.8.2

66

≥ 1

.0 m

m

≥ 1

0.0

mm

≥ 2

5.0

mm

≥ 5

0.0

mm

Avera

ge M

ax

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Hig

hest

Max &

Date

Avera

ge M

in

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Lo

west

Min

& D

ate

Mo

nth

ly M

ean

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

BAITADI M M M M M M M 25.4 - 25.9/5 9.2 - 8/24 17.3 - 0

DADELDHURA 147.4 44.8 10 5 2 1 56.4/16 25.9 2.1 27.5/5 18.0 0.9 15.4/16 22.0 1.5 0

SUNDARPUR 532.7 100.1 14 10 6 4 88.8/1 33.6 0.5 36.2/30 25.9 0.7 24.4/15 29.8 0.6 30

DARCHULA 548.1 77.0 31 27 2 0 31/20 33.0 1.5 35.5/15 21.6 0.2 19.5/16 27.3 0.9 29

BAJURA 650.9 121.8 23 16 8 5 88.3/6 28.1 - 30.5/10 19.3 - 17.6/31 23.7 - 1

DHANGADHI 449.3 79.4 16 10 5 4 104.6/15 34.1 1.4 38.5/30 25.4 -0.2 22.8/27 29.7 0.6 30

MANGALSEN 143.3 43.5 13 5 1 0 41.2/14 M M M M M M M M 0

DIPAYAL (DOTI) 145.0 60.7 8 5 3 1 53.3/15 34.7 1.0 36.8/5 24.5 0.8 22.7/16 29.6 0.9 30

JUMLA 121.8 67.6 14 3 0 0 24.2/15 25.8 1.2 27.5/30 15.7 0.4 13/19 20.8 0.8 0

NAGMA 145.2 105.1 13 5 1 0 42/15 28.2 - 32/1 9.8 - 7/11 19.0 - 8

DUNAI 113.0 152.6 17 3 0 0 14/15 27.1 -0.6 28/6 18.0 0.8 16/19 22.5 0.1 0

DAILEKH 370.9 74.1 25 13 3 1 82.2/15 27.5 -0.9 29.4/6 19.9 2.3 18.6/4 23.7 0.7 0

JAJARKOT 329.0 66.8 20 7 4 1 124/15 28.1 - 30.5/2 21.1 - 20/2 24.6 - 2

SURKHET 794.4 168.3 18 10 4 3 423.1/15 31.9 1.3 34.2/1 23.5 0.2 21.4/15 27.7 0.8 27


LIBANG GAUN 218.3 55.3 10 8 3 1 50/11 28.4 - 31.5/1 18.3 - 16/31 23.3 - 6

BIJUWAR TAR 320.9 101.6 14 6 3 1 164.5/15 M M M M M M M M 0

SALYAN BAZAR 522.6 121.4 12 8 6 3 200.8/15 27.9 1.0 30/1 19.8 0.7 18/15 23.8 0.9 4

CHAUR JHARI TAR 305.2 116.9 12 4 4 1 165/15 32.2 0.3 34/1 22.7 0.4 21.5/2 27.4 0.4 28

GHORAI (DANG) 586.4 141.9 24 11 4 2 298.4/15 31.4 1.8 33.8/2 23.0 0.2 21.5/15 27.2 1.0 27

JOMSOM 20.3 47.0 6 0 0 0 6.5/15 23.2 0.5 26.5/2 14.4 0.8 12/31 18.8 0.7 0

KUSHMA 969.9 1006.1 27 18 16 10 98/27 32.2 1.4 37/26 21.5 -0.3 19/15 26.8 0.6 27

TANSEN 309.2 64.3 15 8 4 1 125.5/15 28.7 1.6 31.8/11 20.7 0.3 19.2/15 24.7 1.0 9

BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 555.3 101.8 17 10 9 6 82/15 33.9 0.5 37.4/2 26.3 0.4 24.5/18 30.1 0.5 28

DUMKAULI 735.3 111.7 17 13 6 3 201/15 33.4 0.1 35.8/29 25.2 -0.5 21/27 29.3 -0.2 28

KHANCHIKOT 526.7 104.5 19 5 4 3 223/15 24.1 0.7 33.2/16 17.2 -0.2 15.8/15 20.6 0.2 1

TAULIHAWA 642.0 129.2 19 11 6 4 132/15 32.5 -0.6 34.9/2 25.6 0.2 23.7/24 29.1 -0.2 29

TAMGHAS 380.7 76.6 18 9 3 2 105.4/15 26.0 0.1 29.2/1 18.3 -0.1 16.5/29 22.2 0.0 0

SEMARI 606.0 105.1 18 16 8 4 110/14 35.2 0.5 43/2 24.7 -0.7 22/15 30.0 -0.1 31

KHUDI BAZAR 652.0 76.5 28 21 13 0 43/15 30.9 0.6 33.3/5 22.2 1.1 20.1/23 26.6 0.9 25

POKHARA AIRPORT 1421.7 151.2 24 18 13 9 218.3/20 30.5 0.4 33.2/5 22.4 0.4 20.2/27 26.5 0.4 23

SYANGJA 803.7 107.2 22 14 8 4 243.5/27 36.3 - 38.2/17 21.5 - 19.2/7 28.9 - 31

GORKHA 435.6 101.7 17 8 5 3 103.7/15 31.3 1.0 33.5/2 23.4 2.1 21.8/27 27.3 1.6 27

LUMLE 1681.7 114.5 29 26 19 14 174/8 23.0 -0.6 25.5/1 17.5 0.1 15.5/27 20.3 -0.2 0

KHAIRINI TAR 507.0 94.6 18 10 6 3 133.8/15 33.0 0.4 35.5/5 24.1 0.2 21.8/27 28.6 0.3 28

RAMPUR 795.7 140.9 25 15 6 6 241.1/14 33.0 -0.6 35.3/29 25.3 -0.1 23.5/15 29.1 -0.3 28

HETAUNDA N.F.I. 745.4 111.6 25 15 11 6 82/3 31.7 -0.3 34.5/30 23.9 0.4 22.6/15 27.8 0.1 26

SIMARA AIRPORT 421.7 72.6 19 9 6 3 87.4/15 33.1 0.3 36/2 25.3 -0.1 23.5/26 29.2 0.1 28

GAUR 255.6 66.3 6 6 5 1 82.4/22 29.5 - 31/9 24.1 - 21.5/12 26.8 - 13

NUWAKOT M M M M M M M 30.2 -0.2 31.8/2 21.9 0.4 20/29 26.1 0.1 21

GODAVARI 338.2 69.8 21 9 4 2 69.5/9 26.7 1.5 29/2 15.1 -3.3 12.8/30 20.9 -0.9 0

BAHRABISE 723.5 99.8 30 24 11 3 75.1/14 29.8 - 32.5/2 21.6 - 19.5/16 25.7 - 21


NAGARKOT 390.1 85.9 25 12 5 0 49.6/14 21.8 -0.7 24/30 15.7 0.4 14.5/16 18.7 -0.1 0

DHUNCHE 621.4 138.3 31 24 10 1 54.6/17 24.2 - 26/13 16.1 - 15/6 20.1 - 0

KHOKANA 225.4 - 20 8 1 1 64.2/15 28.1 - 29.5/11 20.2 - 18.5/16 24.2 - 0

JIRI 715.8 146.8 28 14 10 4 138.2/28 24.2 0.2 27.1/5 17.2 0.4 14.3/30 20.7 0.3 0

SINDHULI MADHI 363.1 49.5 20 11 5 1 61.1/30 31.6 1.3 33.3/29 24.0 1.0 22/30 27.8 1.2 28


JALESORE 523.5 - 17 15 7 1 155/23 34.2 0.7 38/11 24.9 -1.3 22/24 29.6 -0.3 31

MANTHALI 269.5 - 16 5 3 2 99/14 33.5 - 35.5/11 23.3 - 22/17 28.4 - 30

OKHALDHUNGA 425.5 90.1 22 13 4 2 95.2/14 24.6 0.2 27.3/2 17.7 0.0 15.3/27 21.2 0.1 0


LAHAN 291.5 72.5 12 10 4 2 71/14 32.4 -0.2 34.5/2 26.1 0.9 24/20 29.2 0.4 28

RAJBIRAJ 362.7 82.3 17 11 5 2 73/19 32.9 -0.2 35/1 25.4 0.1 20.5/16 29.2 0.0 30


DHANKUTA 161.3 96.6 11 5 2 1 60/14 27.5 0.5 30.2/29 20.9 0.8 19.8/28 24.2 0.6 2

DHARAN BAZAR 625.8 107.4 20 12 9 5 113.5/14 31.6 - 34.5/30 24.9 - 22/31 28.2 - 25


BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 350.7 66.1 17 10 4 1 133.5/14 33.3 0.8 36/30 25.5 -0.3 17.3/5 29.4 0.2 27

TAPLEJUNG 396.9 95.3 23 11 7 1 53.7/24 26.0 1.1 28.8/29 18.3 0.6 16.9/27 22.2 0.8 0

ILAM TEA ESTATE 169.5 37.6 9 6 3 0 36.2/9 25.9 0.2 29.5/29 16.7 -3.2 15.1/19 21.3 -1.5 0


GAIDA (KANKAI) 456.4 60.2 24 9 7 2 89.5/14 32.8 -0.4 36.2/8 24.8 0.8 23/26 28.8 0.2 27




No

.of

Days w

ith

maxim

um

tem

pera

ture

≥ 30°C


August, 2014

Stations


To

tal (m

m)

% o

f N

orm

al

No. of Rainy Days

24h

rs E

xtr

em

e R

ain

fall

& D

ate

Maximum ( °C )

67

3.9 SEPTEMBER

MAIN HIGHLIGHT:

Large parts of the country received normal to above normal rainfall in the August 2014. The

temperature was above normal over the country except most of the northern parts of the Western

(WR), Mid-western region (MWR) and few of the Eastern(ER), Central (CR) and Far-western region

(FWR) of the country.

SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES:

Low pressure areas formed over the Bay of Bengal as well as Arabian sea contributed rainfall in

interaction with the trough in mid latitude westerlies during first week of this month. The axis of

monsoon trough mainly remained normal or south of its normal position in first half of September.

Thereafter it weakened and became less delineated since 22nd September. Similarly, a low pressure

area (16th – 24th September) formed over North West Bay of Bengal contributed rainfall in mainly

eastern parts of Nepal.


Central to northern parts of FWR, Eastern parts of MWR, North Western and Southern parts of WR

recorded below normal Rainfall whereas moreover rest of the country recorded normal to above

normal rainfall (Figure 2).

Spatial distribution of rainfall shows the highest rainfall in and around Lumle as usual (Figure 1). The

monthly total rainfall varied between 9.6 mm in Jomsom to 839.9 mm in Lumle in the western

Region (Figure 1, Table 3.9.2). As compared to the other stations, Dhangadhi recorded the highest

24-hr rainfall of 172.0 mm on 5th September (Table 3.9.2). Most of the rainfall was received during

the first, second and third week with the highest amount during the second week (Table 3.9.1).

Similarly, Figure 5 presents the amount and percentage of accumulated rainfall during monsoon

season (June-September) with accumulated normal rainfall. Rainfall was consistently below normal

in most of the stations on most of the days from the beginning of monsoon season. All the Tarai

stations recorded below normal rainfall. Among these stations Surkhet received highest among the

stations selected with >120% of the rainfall whereas the Kathmandu airport, Lumle, Pokhara and

Jumla received >100% of the rainfall at the end of the monsoon season with the major contribution of

rain after 2nd week of September (Table 3.9.1). The second week of September has the contribution of

around 50% of total month. The rest of the stations received below normal rainfall.

Table 3.9.1: Temporal distribution of average rainfall in September, 2014


(arithematic average

from station rainfall)

Percentage (%) of

monthly total

Daily rainfall Intensity

(mm)

1st 31.2 19.4 4.5

2nd 54.1 33.5 7.7

3rd 42.8 26.6 6.1

4th 27.8 17.2 4.0


Total 161.3 100.0

68


Mean temperature in September varied from below -8°C in the northern parts to above

27 °C in the southern plains (Figure 3).

Most of the country recorded normal to above normal temperature. However, the northern parts of the

country recorded normal to below normal temperature (Figure 4)

As compared to the other stations, Dipayal recorded the highest maximum temperature of 36.8°C on

18th September whereas Jumla and Jomsom recorded the lowest minimum temperature of 6.4 °C on

27th & 30th September respectively (Table 3.9.2).

Sat Pic.:1 Sat Pic.:2

Satellite picture 1 shows the Figure from the Kalpana Met satellite with visible linear stretch of 9th

September 2014.

Satellite picture 2 shows the Figure from the Kalpana Met satellite with Mercator projection of of

28th September 2014.

The preliminary weather data for September 2014 is presented in Table 3.9.2.

69



70

Table 3.9.2

≥ 1

.0 m

m

≥ 1

0.0

mm

≥ 2

5.0

mm

≥ 5

0.0

mm

Avera

ge M

ax

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Hig

hest

Max &

Date

Avera

ge M

in

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Lo

west

Min

& D

ate

Mo

nth

ly M

ean

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

BAITADI M M M M M M M 23.3 - 23.9/17 9.3 - 8.3/11 16.3 - 0.0

DADELDHURA 118.9 60.7 12 4 1 0 39/29 24.9 1.6 27.4/18 16.0 0.6 12.8/26 20.5 1.1 0.0

SUNDARPUR 340.9 107.5 11 7 5 3 87.5/9 33.0 0.4 35.5/7 24.0 0.3 20.8/29 28.5 0.4 30.0

DARCHULA 461.7 137.5 30 28 2 0 39.2/10 32.0 1.0 34/2 19.4 -0.3 15.5/28 25.7 0.3 29.0

BAJURA 160.3 71.3 16 6 1 0 42.6/14 26.9 - 29/9 M M M M M 0

DHANGADHI 402.9 136.2 11 6 3 2 172/5 33.8 1.4 36.4/19 23.3 -0.9 21.2/28 28.6 0.3 29

MANGALSEN 154.7 94.3 9 4 1 1 70.2/20 M M M 17.3 - 13/20 - 0

DIPAYAL (DOTI) 51.3 30.7 7 2 0 0 12/1 34.0 0.9 36.8/18 22.8 0.9 19.7/26 28.4 0.9 28

JUMLA 103.1 100.4 10 3 1 0 36/4 25.5 1.3 29/18 12.5 0.2 6.4/27 19.0 0.7 0

NAGMA 53.9 62.7 7 3 0 0 12.6/10 27.2 - 29.5/7 9.9 - 7/28 18.5 - 0

DUNAI 48.0 83.9 8 1 0 0 12/11 25.9 -0.6 28.5/8 15.3 -0.9 13/27 20.6 -0.7 0

JAJARKOT 131.0 45.8 10 5 2 0 27.6/9 28.7 - 30/2 M M M M M 3

SURKHET 195.0 102.2 13 5 3 1 58.4/12 31.9 2.0 34/19 21.7 0.1 19.3/30 26.8 1.0 28


LIBANG GAUN 116.8 42.9 8 6 1 0 30.5/1 27.3 - 28.5/3 15.9 - 11.5/30 21.6 - 0

BIJUWAR TAR 64.9 37.0 9 3 0 0 18.7/9 M M M M M M M M M

SALYAN BAZAR 85.0 31.5 7 4 1 0 32/15 28.4 1.4 30.2/18 18.6 0.8 14/30 23.5 1.1 5

CHAUR JHARI TAR 75.9 54.1 7 4 0 0 22.2/12 31.5 0.8 34/19 20.5 -0.4 17/30 26.0 0.2 28

GHORAI (DANG) 208.3 90.1 17 5 2 1 67.4/20 31.0 1.8 33.6/18 21.6 0.3 18.2/30 26.3 1.0 24

JOMSOM 9.6 23.3 4 0 0 0 3.1/9 21.9 0.6 25.5/18 11.9 0.5 6.4/30 16.9 0.6 0

KUSHMA 365.8 472.0 19 11 4 1 86/20 32.5 1.8 35.5/3 21.3 0.6 20/2 26.9 1.2 23

BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 86.0 33.9 9 2 1 0 37.3/13 33.8 0.9 36.6/5 25.2 0.6 21.5/30 29.5 0.7 28

DUMKAULI 176.0 48.4 14 8 3 0 30/30 33.6 1.1 35.8/7 24.3 -0.3 19.8/14 29.0 0.4 30

TAMGHAS 201.1 73.7 17 8 2 0 44/16 M M M M M M M M M

POKHARA AIRPORT 581.2 90.7 19 12 8 3 131.5/26 30.5 1.2 33.6/19 21.2 0.4 18.4/30 25.9 0.8 19

SYANGJA 580.4 156.2 15 12 9 4 147.5/25 36.2 6.1 36.8/9 21.5 0.9 19.2/ 28.8 3.5 30

GORKHA 693.5 382.3 24 16 13 4 94/26 M M M M M M M M M

LUMLE 839.9 94.8 24 16 14 5 162.6/20 22.9 0.1 25.5/19 16.2 -0.1 13/30 19.5 0.0 0

KHAIRINI TAR 236.3 84.0 11 5 3 1 120/20 32.9 1.2 35.4/3 22.5 -0.1 18.5/30 27.7 0.5 28

RAMPUR 205.6 66.6 14 7 3 0 34/20 32.5 -0.5 35/5 24.7 0.5 20/30 28.6 0.0 28

HETAUNDA N.F.I. M M M M M M M 31.5 0.2 34.5/5 23.0 0.5 19.9/30 27.3 0.4 24

SIMARA AIRPORT 245.4 84.1 9 6 4 2 66/13 33.1 0.7 36.6/19 24.4 0.2 21.2/30 28.7 0.5 28

NUWAKOT 401.6 151.0 18 11 5 3 92.5/20 29.2 -0.8 31.4/5 20.6 -0.1 19.3/29 24.9 -0.4 13

GODAVARI 209.4 78.7 20 7 2 0 34.3/11 25.0 0.7 29.9/5 13.4 -3.6 10.1/30 19.2 -1.4 0

BAHRABISE 584.1 126.9 26 19 10 1 71.8/9 M M M M M M M M M

KATHMANDU AIRPORT 280.7 140.5 16 10 4 1 71/19 28.4 0.4 31.8/18 19.0 0.5 15/30 23.7 0.4 10

NAGARKOT 240.7 92.0 21 9 3 0 35.5/20 21.2 -0.7 25.3/19 14.2 0.0 9.5/29 17.7 -0.3 0

JIRI 386.3 195.6 24 16 4 0 43.8/10 23.8 0.6 27/18 15.0 -0.1 9.6/30 19.4 0.2 0

SINDHULI MADHI 280.7 67.6 16 7 6 1 50.2/6 30.7 0.9 33.5/20 22.6 0.7 19.7/30 26.6 0.8 20

JANAKPUR AIRPORT 85.7 43.4 6 3 2 0 37/26 33.0 0.7 36.4/18 25.9 0.6 23.8/13 29.4 0.6 29

MANTHALI 126.0 - 10 3 1 0 49/6 32.6 - 35.5/18 22.3 - 20.5/25 27.5 - 29

OKHALDHUNGA 325.7 132.7 19 9 5 2 52/10 24.5 0.2 27.9/18 16.1 -0.6 14.2/10 20.3 -0.2 0

LAHAN 153.5 70.7 9 5 2 0 43/20 M M M M M M M M M

RAJBIRAJ 266.1 112.9 11 7 3 1 107/6 32.3 -0.8 35.5/4 24.9 0.3 22/6 28.6 -0.2 27

CHAINPUR (EAST) 248.5 117.8 16 8 5 0 36.8/20 28.3 1.3 30.6/17 18.2 0.2 16/23 23.3 0.8 4

DHANKUTA 34.3 79.9 9 2 0 0 11.4/20 27.7 1.1 30.2/18 19.6 0.6 16.9/29 23.6 0.8 1

DHARAN BAZAR 227.5 58.0 14 9 4 0 42.6/6 31.6 - 34.5/30 24.0 - 22.6/22 27.8 - 25


BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 243.1 81.4 10 8 6 1 54/26 32.6 0.5 35.6/17 25.0 0.3 23/29 28.8 0.4 28

TAPLEJUNG 284.1 104.4 19 7 6 1 65.3/20 25.8 1.9 34.2/29 16.7 0.1 12.3/30 21.2 1.0 1

ILAM TEA ESTATE 116.7 52.6 7 5 1 0 37.5/5 26.5 1.3 29.9/2 16.2 -3.1 15/27 21.3 -0.9 0

PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 144.1 82.3 16 3 2 0 34.5/20 28.8 0.5 32/18 20.6 0.3 16.5/29 24.7 0.4 12

GAIDA (KANKAI) 285.0 66.0 18 7 4 2 75.4/1 32.7 -0.1 35.5/18 24.0 1.0 22/23 28.3 0.5 29




No

.of

Days w

ith

maxim

um

tem

pera

ture

≥ 30°C


September, 2014

Stations


To

tal (m

m)

% o

f N

orm

al

No. of Rainy Days

24h

rs E

xtr

em

e R

ain

fall

& D

ate

Maximum ( °C )

71

3.10 OCTOBER

MAIN HIGHLIGHT

Most parts of the country recorded above normal rainfall and normal to above normal temperature.

Monsoon this year withdrew from Nepal on 7th October delayed by 15 days from normal withdrawal

date. The normal monsoon withdrawal date is 23rd September.

A cyclonic storm Hudhud had brought heavy rain and snowfall over the country over the second

week which killed more than three and a half dozen trekkers in the Annapurna range.

SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES:

The Cyclonic Storm ‘HUD HUD’ formed over north Andaman Sea during 7-8th October 2014. It

gradually intensified into Very Severe Cyclonic storm as it moved west-northwestwards. Further

moving northwestwards, it weakened into a Severe Cyclonic Storm and laid Center over north Andra

Pradesh on 12th October. It weakened into Depression on 13th October and became less marked on

15th October. This contributed rainfall over Nepal on 14th and 15th of October.

Due to the storm there was a massive avalanche between Mount Dhaulagiri and Annapurna Range at

Thorong la pass where 43 trekkers were killed by the avalanche. This was one of the deadliest

avalanche due to the heavy snowfall that occurred in the mountain region after 18 April 2014

avalanche on the Mount Everest.


The normal withdrawal date of monsoon in Nepal is 23rd September. But this year, the monsoon

retreated from the country on 7th October delayed by 15 days from normal withdrawal date. Rainfall

was above normal to above normal in most parts of the country. However, Eastern Region (ER) and

isolated patches of Far Western Region (FWR), Mid-Western Region (MWR) and Central Region

(CR) received below normal rainfall (Fig. 2). Spatial distribution of rainfall shows the highest rainfall

in and around Lumle and Bhairahawa in WR (Fig. 1). The monthly total rainfall varied from 7.4 mm

at Rajbiraj to 174.5mm in Lumle in the western Region (Fig. 1, Table 1). Janakpur Airport recorded

the highest 24-hr rainfall of 122.4mm on 15th October (Table 3.10.1).


Mean temperature in October varied 10°C in the northern parts to above 26 °C in the southern parts of

WR,CR and ER (Fig. 3, Table 3.10.1). Mean temperature was normal to above normal in most parts

of the country. However, northern parts of WR with adjoining areas of MWR and western half of CR

with adjoining areas of ER recorded below normal temperature. Isolated patches over southern parts

of WR and MWR also recorded below normal temperature (Fig. 4). The highest positive temperature

anomaly of 1.3 °C was recorded in Syangja whereas the lowest anomaly of -1.8 °C was recorded in

Godavari. Similarly, the highest maximum temperature of 35.8 °C was recorded in Dipayal (Doti) on

6th October while Jumla recorded the lowest minimum temperature of -1.0 °C on 31st October (Table

3.10.1).

The preliminary weather data for October 2014 is presented in Table 3.10.1.

72



73

Image ! Image 2

Image 1: Visible band of Kalpana Satellite showing North East sector of Indian subcontinent on date

14th October 2014, 5:45z

Image 2: Cloud top temperature from Kalpana Satellite showing north east sector of Indian

subcontinent on date 14th October 2014, 7:15UTC

Figure 5: Temperature anomaly during January, 2014 in (a) Dhangadhi (b) Bhairahawa (c) Simara

and (d) Biratnagar Airport.

74

Temperature Monitoring in Terai Region (October)Post-monsoon

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

3-N

ov

6-N

ov

9-N

ov

12-N

ov

15-N

ov

18-N

ov

21-N

ov

24-N

ov

27-N

ov

30-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

3-N

ov

6-N

ov

9-N

ov

12-N

ov

15-N

ov

18-N

ov

21-N

ov

24-N

ov

27-N

ov

30-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

3-N

ov

6-N

ov

9-N

ov

12-N

ov

15-N

ov

18-N

ov

21-N

ov

24-N

ov

27-N

ov

30-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Simar

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

3-N

ov

6-N

ov

9-N

ov

12-N

ov

15-N

ov

18-N

ov

21-N

ov

24-N

ov

27-N

ov

30-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

3-N

ov

6-N

ov

9-N

ov

12-N

ov

15-N

ov

18-N

ov

21-N

ov

24-N

ov

27-N

ov

30-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Biratnagar

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

3-N

ov

6-N

ov

9-N

ov

12-N

ov

15-N

ov

18-N

ov

21-N

ov

24-N

ov

27-N

ov

30-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


Dhangadhi

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

3-N

ov

6-N

ov

9-N

ov

12-N

ov

15-N

ov

18-N

ov

21-N

ov

24-N

ov

27-N

ov

30-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

5-O

ct

9-O

ct

13

-Oct

17

-Oct

21

-Oct

25

-Oct

29

-Oct

2-N

ov

6-N

ov

10

-No

v

14

-No

v

18

-No

v

22

-No

v

26

-No

v

30

-No

v

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Minimum temperature anomalySimara

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


Dhangadhi

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10

-Oct

13

-Oct

16

-Oct

19

-Oct

22

-Oct

25

-Oct

28

-Oct

31

-Oct

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


Table 3.10.1

75

≥ 1

.0 m

m

≥ 1

0.0

mm

≥ 2

5.0

mm

≥ 5

0.0

mm

Avera

ge M

ax

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Hig

hest

Max &

Date

Avera

ge M

in

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Lo

west

Min

& D

ate

Mo

nth

ly M

ean

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

DADELDHURA 24.8 56.0 3 1 0 0 12/15 22.4 0.7 28.8/23 11.8 0.1 9.2/26 17.1 0.4 0

DARCHULA 106.0 160.4 9 8 0 0 16.2/2 28.9 0.5 31/1 13.9 -0.3 11/4 21.4 0.1 11

BAJURA 80.8 176.7 4 2 1 1 53.7/15 24.2 - 27.5/6 11.6 - 8.5/27 17.9 - 0

DHANGADHI 88.1 170.6 4 2 1 1 64.1/15 31.1 -0.4 34.1/6 18.1 -0.6 14.2/19 24.6 -0.5 23

MANGALSEN 83.4 177.0 2 1 1 1 75.4/15 26.1 - 29.5/6 13.6 - 10.5/26 19.9 - 0

DIPAYAL (DOTI) 97.5 210.6 3 1 1 1 88/15 32.0 0.6 35.8/6 17.0 0.7 13.4/27 24.5 0.7 26

JUMLA 65.5 185.3 4 2 2 0 34/15 22.5 0.6 27.5/5 5.0 0.8 1/31 13.7 0.7 0

NAGMA 62.2 174.8 4 2 1 0 41/13 23.5 - 28/1 7.2 - 6/4 15.4 - 0

DUNAI 32.0 141.1 2 2 0 0 18/14 22.1 -1.2 24.8/1 9.9 0.4 6/29 16.0 -0.4 0

JAJARKOT 28.0 43.7 2 2 0 0 15.6/14 27.5 - 30/14 M M M M M M

SURKHET 32.4 76.4 2 2 0 0 21.1/15 29.2 0.8 33/6 16.1 0.3 12/28 22.7 0.6 12

NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 65.7 108.6 3 2 1 0 48/15 31.1 -0.2 35.4/9 19.6 -0.4 15.9/19 25.4 -0.3 22

LIBANG GAUN M M M M M M M 25.6 - 28.5/4 10.5 - 7/27 18.0 - 0

SALYAN BAZAR M M M M M M M 27.3 1.3 32/5 15.1 0.7 11.2/27 21.2 1.0 8

CHAUR JHARI TAR 60.0 140.7 2 2 1 0 46.2/11 28.9 0.3 32.5/5 15.3 -0.6 12.5/30 22.1 -0.2 14

GHORAI (DANG) 25.0 43.6 2 1 0 0 24/14 29.1 0.7 32.5/7 16.5 0.4 13/28 22.8 0.5 12

JOMSOM 36.6 131.0 2 1 1 0 29.6/14 17.4 -0.6 22/5 4.5 -1.1 2.1/27 11.0 -0.9 0

BAGLUNG 75.3 156.8 2 1 1 1 68.5/14 M M M M M M M M M


KUSHMA 145.6 433.4 8 3 2 2 66.5/14 M M M M M M M M M

TANSEN 160.7 318.2 2 2 2 2 89/15 27.2 1.5 31/6 15.7 -0.4 12.5/26 21.4 0.6 6

BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 170.1 219.6 3 2 2 1 117/15 31.6 -0.6 35.5/8 20.6 0.2 17.5/27 26.1 -0.2 25

DUMKAULI 122.0 141.0 1 1 1 1 122/14 31.2 -0.3 34.8/7 20.5 0.0 14.8/18 25.8 -0.2 24

POKHARA AIRPORT 158.9 113.7 7 4 3 1 64.3/15 27.9 0.4 31/6 16.5 -0.2 12.5/30 22.2 0.1 7

SYANGJA 115.4 129.0 2 2 2 2 63.4/14 29.3 1.0 33.8/1 17.8 1.6 13.6/22 23.5 1.3 13

GORKHA 120.4 300.0 3 2 2 1 81.3/15 M M M M M M M M M

LUMLE 174.5 84.9 11 4 2 1 73.1/15 21.2 0.0 24/5 12.7 -0.3 9.5/27 17.0 -0.1 0

KHAIRINI TAR 151.4 218.7 5 3 2 2 80.4/15 M M M M M M M M M

RAMPUR 85.0 107.0 2 2 2 1 51.5/14 31.9 0.0 34.2/7 18.1 -1.6 13.8/25 25.0 -0.8 30

HETAUNDA N.F.I. 128.5 135.8 3 2 1 1 107.9/15 29.8 0.0 33.4/7 19.3 1.2 15/19 24.6 0.6 19

SIMARA AIRPORT 133.4 192.2 2 2 1 1 110.4/15 31.5 0.0 35.4/6 M M M M M 24

NUWAKOT 78.5 139.7 7 4 0 0 22.2/15 27.5 -0.9 30.4/7 16.6 -1.2 13/29 22.1 -1.0 4

GODAVARI 96.4 150.6 5 2 1 1 73.1/15 23.9 1.2 27.3/7 8.1 -4.8 4.9/27 16.0 -1.8 0

BAHRABISE 84.5 94.3 9 2 1 0 36.4/15 28.2 - 31/3 14.9 - 5/18 21.5 - 10

KATHMANDU AIRPORT 88.5 172.8 5 2 1 1 63/15 26.1 -0.7 29.6/7 13.7 0.3 10.2/27 19.9 -0.2 0

PANCHKHAL 58.8 115.1 2 1 1 1 53.4/15 29.5 0.2 32.2/4 15.7 -0.3 11.5/29 22.6 - 14

NAGARKOT 77.7 121.7 3 1 1 1 61/14 19.7 -0.7 23.5/9 11.2 0.4 7.5/29 15.5 -0.1 0

DHUNCHE 80.6 82.8 3 3 2 0 38.8/15 20.4 - 24/5 11.3 - 8/30 15.9 - 0

KHOKANA 96.2 - 2 2 1 1 79/15 25.4 - 29/5 11.4 - 6.4/28 18.4 - 0

JIRI 94.1 135.7 10 3 1 0 27.5/15 21.4 0.0 24.3/5 8.6 -0.6 4.5/30 15.0 -0.3 0

SINDHULI MADHI 62.7 81.2 4 1 1 1 50.3/15 29.9 0.7 33.4/7 18.9 0.7 14.3/31 24.4 0.7 17

JANAKPUR AIRPORT 161.6 252.9 3 2 2 1 122.4/15 32.1 0.5 35.4/8 21.8 -0.2 19/29 27.0 0.2 26

MANTHALI 45.5 - 2 1 1 0 39/16 30.7 - 34/5 17.7 - 13.5/27 24.2 - 24

OKHALDHUNGA 21.2 33.9 3 1 0 0 18/15 23.2 0.5 26.5/6 13.8 -1.8 10.5/28 18.5 -0.6 0


LAHAN 55.5 85.3 2 1 1 1 50/15 M M M M M M M M M

RAJBIRAJ 7.4 10.2 2 0 0 0 5.8/13 M M M M M M M M M

CHAINPUR (EAST) 74.0 126.2 4 2 2 0 33.8/15 25.7 0.1 29/6 14.7 -0.2 11.4/27 20.2 -0.1 0

DHANKUTA 24.8 104.5 3 1 0 0 19.2/15 26.4 1.2 29.6/7 15.8 0.1 12.2/27 21.1 0.7 0

DHARAN BAZAR 44.9 31.0 3 1 1 0 41.3/15 M M M M M M M M M



TAPLEJUNG 34.8 42.8 4 1 1 0 31/15 22.6 0.6 26.4/5 12.4 -0.2 8.7/27 17.5 0.2 0

ILAM TEA ESTATE 75.7 116.6 3 1 1 1 66.6/15 M M M M M M M M M

PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 30.0 59.2 3 1 1 0 25.1/15 27.7 0.2 31.5/6 15.9 -0.4 11.5/27 21.8 -0.1 8

GAIDA (KANKAI) 77.0 51.5 3 1 1 1 65.4/15 32.0 -0.2 35/6 20.1 0.6 16.2/27 26.0 0.2 27


No

.of

Days w

ith

maxim

um

tem

pera

ture

≥ 30°C


October, 2014

Stations


To

tal (m

m)

% o

f N

orm

al

No. of Rainy Days

24h

rs E

xtr

em

e R

ain

fall

& D

ate

Maximum ( °C )

76

3.11 NOVEMBER

MAIN HIGHLIGHT

The country remained dry during this November. Out of 51 stations, 4 stations had rainfall, 4 did not

have data record and the rest 43 stations did not receive any rainfall during this month. Rainfall was

below normal in the country. South-western part with central region of the Western and Mid-western

region of the country received above normal temperature and the rest of the country recorded normal

to below normal temperature.

SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES

Weather systems and rainfall activities over Nepal in November were mainly affected by western

disturbances (WDs) as upper air troughs and upper air cyclonic circulations (UACCs). A western

disturbance as upper air troughs influenced Jammu & Kashmir and western Himalayan region, in first

week influenced the weather systems over Nepal which continued up to the end of the month and

produced scanty rainfall in November. (Table 3.11.2).


Most part of the country remained dry this month with no rainfall throughout the country. However,

central part of WR received little rainfall within which Pokhara Airport (WR) receiving the highest

monthly total rainfall of 10.1mm.


Mean temperature of November varied from 7.6 °C at Jomsom to 24.1 oC at Dharanbazar (Figure 3,

Table 3.11.1). Most of the stations (27 stations) recorded normal to below normal temperature during

this month. The highest positive temperature anomaly of 2.6 oC was recorded in Chaur Jhari Tar

while the lowest negative temperature anomaly of -2.8 oC was recorded in Dunai (Figure 4). (Figure

4).

Temperature monitoring in the Tarai region (Figure 5) shows that most of the days in November were

colder than normal. The negative anomaly of the temperature started from the second week of

November in the southern Tarai plains from eastern parts of Nepal lasted till the last week of

November (Figure 5). Due to the cold wave condition associated with the dense fog, the day time

temperatures in the affected areas plummeted down below a degree or two on second half of the

month (Figure 5). Maximum temperature reached the lowest negative anomaly of -9.03 in Dhangadhi

on 14th November and highest positive of 4.21°C in Bhairahawa on 8th November whereas the

minimum temperature reached the highest positive anomaly of 3.8 °C on 16th December in

Dhangadhi negative of -2.4°C in Simara on 24th November.

77

78

Table 3.11.1.

≥ 1

.0 m

m

≥ 1

0.0

mm

≥ 2

5.0

mm

≥ 5

0.0

mm

Avera

ge M

ax

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Hig

hest

Max &

Date

Avera

ge M

in

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Lo

west

Min

& D

ate

Mo

nth

ly M

ean

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

DADELDHURA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 19.7 1.2 22.4/10 8.8 0.8 6.1/25 13.8 0.6 0

SUNDARPUR M M M M M M M 27.8 0.3 30.7/8 13.1 0.9 9.8/24 19.0 -0.7 2

DARCHULA M M M M M M M 27.1 2.5 29/21 8.8 -0.5 6.5/27 17.3 0.3 0

BAJURA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 21.4 - 24.5/10 7.7 - 5.5/16 14.2 - 0

DHANGADHI 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 27.6 -0.2 30.8/8 12.5 0.1 0/19 18.9 -1.2 2

MANGALSEN 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 22.6 - 24.5/3 9.2 - 6.2/30 14.4 - 0

DIPAYAL (DOTI) 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 28.0 0.7 30.7/8 10.9 0.6 6.8/30 17.4 -1.4 4

JUMLA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 21.3 2.6 24.4/8 -2.4 -0.8 -5/24 8.4 -0.2 0

NAGMA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 20.9 - 23.8/1 3.3 - 0.1/27 10.9 - 0

DUNAI 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 17.2 -2.8 19.5/5 3.6 -1.4 1.5/24 9.6 -2.8 0

JAJARKOT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 24.4 - 27/3 M M M 12.2 - 0

SURKHET 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 26.5 1.6 29.2/8 10.6 0.2 7.4/29 17.0 -0.6 0

NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 27.2 -1.0 30.8/8 13.4 -0.7 9.6/25 19.7 -1.4 4


BIJUWAR TAR M M M M M M M 24.3 - 26.1/21 10.4 - 8.4/29 16.4 - 0

SALYAN BAZAR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 25.8 2.8 29/10 11.0 0.6 7/23 17.4 0.7 0

CHAUR JHARI TAR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 32.9 8.3 254/15 10.6 0.0 7.5/30 20.2 2.6 1

GHORAI (DANG) 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 26.4 1.1 28.8/3 11.8 1.0 8.5/29 18.2 0.2 0

JOMSOM 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 15.4 0.9 20.2/10 1.7 0.4 -0.3/30 7.6 -0.4 0

BAGLUNG 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 23.7 -2.2 25.6/8 12.8 1.5 10.9/22 17.5 -1.2 0

KUSHMA 1.0 12.7 1 0 0 0 1/6 M M M M M M M M M

BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 28.9 -0.1 32.4/8 15.0 0.5 11.4/26 21.2 -0.5 12

POKHARA AIRPORT 10.1 56.8 2 0 0 0 8/21 24.5 0.4 26.7/8 13.7 1.9 10.4/29 17.8 -0.2 0

SYANGJA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 26.9 2.0 28.8/4 10.6 -0.6 9/30 17.9 -0.1 0

GORKHA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 24.2 -0.4 27.4/7 13.8 1.6 11/29 17.6 -0.8 0

LUMLE 1.0 4.0 1 0 0 0 1/14 17.8 -0.2 21/12 9.9 0.6 7.5/23 12.7 -1.0 0

KHAIRINI TAR 4.0 27.7 1 0 0 0 4/27 26.1 0.3 28.7/7 15.3 1.5 12/30 19.1 -0.8 0

RAMPUR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 28.6 0.1 31.4/11 14.1 0.6 12/22 20.5 -0.5 13

HETAUNDA N.F.I. 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 26.4 -0.3 29.5/3 13.4 1.0 10/26 18.6 -1.0 0

SIMARA AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 28.8 0.1 32.5/5 13.5 -0.4 10/24 20.4 -0.9 12

NIJGADH 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 M M M M M M M M M

NUWAKOT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 23.6 -1.7 26/7 13.7 0.0 10.8/26 17.5 -1.9 0

GODAVARI 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 20.5 1.1 25/12 4.5 -3.6 2.2/29 11.4 -2.3 0

BAHRABISE 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 25.6 - 28/3 11.6 - 9.5/26 18.1 - 0

KATHMANDU AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 21.9 -1.7 25.2/12 10.2 2.4 7/29 14.7 -0.9 0

PANCHKHAL 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 25.8 0.0 28.5/12 11.8 1.9 8.5/26 17.2 - 0

NAGARKOT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 16.8 -0.6 19.8/3 7.6 0.6 5/29 11.3 -0.9 0

DHUNCHE 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 17.1 - 20/12 7.7 - 5/24 11.6 - 0

KHOKANA 0.0 - 0 0 0 0 0 22.9 - 26.4/12 6.6 - 3.4/26 13.4 - 0

JIRI 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 18.7 0.7 22.5/12 5.1 1.8 0.8/25 10.9 0.2 0

SINDHULI MADHI 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 27.0 0.2 29/2 13.2 -0.4 10.3/27 18.8 -1.3 0

JANAKPUR AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 29.4 0.1 32.6/8 15.6 -0.1 12/25 21.7 -0.8 13

MANTHALI 0.0 - 0 0 0 0 0 27.9 - 31/8 12.9 - 9.5/27 19.0 - 6

OKHALDHUNGA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 20.0 0.0 23.5/1 10.5 0.2 8/30 14.0 -1.2 0

CHAINPUR (EAST) 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 22.4 -0.2 25.5/3 11.7 0.7 9/30 15.7 -1.1 0

DHANKUTA 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 23.5 1.0 26.6/3 12.3 0.5 9.5/30 16.5 -0.6 0

DHARAN BAZAR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 27.3 - 30.5/4 16.8 - 12/18 24.1 - 2

BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 29.5 0.2 34/8 15.5 0.2 11.7/26 21.4 -0.9 10

TAPLEJUNG 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 20.3 1.5 23.3/3 10.2 1.7 7.6/30 13.9 0.3 0

PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 24.4 0.0 27.5/8 12.8 1.1 10/30 17.2 -0.8 0

GAIDA (KANKAI) 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 28.9 -1.0 32.5/7 15.6 1.2 12.7/26 21.7 -0.4 13




November 2014

Stations


To

tal (m

m)

% o

f N

orm

al

No. of Rainy Days

24h

rs E

xtr

em

e R

ain

fall

& D

ate


No

.of

Days w

ith

maxim

um

tem

pera

ture

≥ 30°C

79

Temperature Monitoring in Terai Region ( November)

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

3-N

ov

6-N

ov

9-N

ov

12-N

ov

15-N

ov

18-N

ov

21-N

ov

24-N

ov

27-N

ov

30-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

3-N

ov

6-N

ov

9-N

ov

12-N

ov

15-N

ov

18-N

ov

21-N

ov

24-N

ov

27-N

ov

30-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

3-N

ov

6-N

ov

9-N

ov

12-N

ov

15-N

ov

18-N

ov

21-N

ov

24-N

ov

27-N

ov

30-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

3-N

ov

6-N

ov

9-N

ov

12-N

ov

15-N

ov

18-N

ov

21-N

ov

24-N

ov

27-N

ov

30-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

3-N

ov

6-N

ov

9-N

ov

12-N

ov

15-N

ov

18-N

ov

21-N

ov

24-N

ov

27-N

ov

30-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

3-N

ov

6-N

ov

9-N

ov

12-N

ov

15-N

ov

18-N

ov

21-N

ov

24-N

ov

27-N

ov

30-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


Dhangadhi

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

4-O

ct

7-O

ct

10-O

ct

13-O

ct

16-O

ct

19-O

ct

22-O

ct

25-O

ct

28-O

ct

31-O

ct

3-N

ov

6-N

ov

9-N

ov

12-N

ov

15-N

ov

18-N

ov

21-N

ov

24-N

ov

27-N

ov

30-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-O

ct

5-O

ct

9-O

ct

13

-Oct

17

-Oct

21

-Oct

25

-Oct

29

-Oct

2-N

ov

6-N

ov

10

-No

v

14

-No

v

18

-No

v

22

-No

v

26

-No

v

30

-No

v

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-N

ov

9-N

ov

17-N

ov

25-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-N

ov

9-N

ov

17-N

ov

25-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-N

ov

4-N

ov

7-N

ov

10-N

ov

13-N

ov

16-N

ov

19-N

ov

22-N

ov

25-N

ov

28-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-N

ov

8-N

ov

15-N

ov

22-N

ov

29-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Minimum temperature anomalySimara

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-N

ov

8-N

ov

15-N

ov

22-N

ov

29-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-N

ov

8-N

ov

15-N

ov

22-N

ov

29-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


Dhangadhi

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-N

ov

8-N

ov

15-N

ov

22-N

ov

29-N

ov

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-N

ov

5-N

ov

9-N

ov

13

-No

v

17

-No

v

21

-No

v

25

-No

v

29

-No

v

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Bhair

Fig:5

80

3.12 DECEMBER

MAIN HIGHLIGHT

All the three regions in the west remained wetter than normal during this December. Rainfall was

below normal in the eastern and central region of the country. Northern part of the Eastern(ER) and

Mid-western Region (MWR), North eastern part of the Far-western(FWR) and Central (CR) and

western part of the Western region (WR) recorded above normal temperature and the rest of the

country recorded normal to below normal temperature(Table 3.12.1)..

Synoptic Sequence

Weather systems and rainfall activities over Nepal in December were mainly affected by western

disturbances (WDs) as upper air troughs and upper air cyclonic circulations (UACCs). Though many

western disturbances as upper air troughs influenced north Pakistan & adjoining Jammu & Kashmir

and western Himalayan region, only one of them in the mid of the second week to the prior of the

third influenced the weather systems over Nepal which produced rainfall in December.


Most part of the country remained wetter this month with above normal rainfall throughout the

country with Sundarpur at southern part of FWR receiving highest 24hr rain of 84mm. However,

southern half of ER, southwest of CR, receive less rainfall with Gaida (Kankai) of southern part of

ER receiving the lowest monthly total rainfall of 0.7mm(Table 3.12.1).

TEMPERATURE PATTERN

Mean temperature of December varied from 4.8 °C at Jumla to 19.3 oC at Dharanbazar (Figure 3,

Table 3.12.1). Most of the stations (42 stations) recorded normal to above normal temperature during

this month. The highest positive temperature anomaly of 2.4 oC was recorded in Simikot while the

lowest negative temperature anomaly of -4.3 oC was recorded in Taulihawa (Figure 4). North eastern

part of the Far-western (FWR) and Central (CR) and western part of the Western region (WR)

recorded above normal temperature and due the near fog condition in the first half of the month and

the rain in the mid part of the month the southern belt of the country as a whole recorded below

normal temperature (Figure 4) (Image 1 and 2).

81



82

Image 1 Image 2

Image 1: Visible band of Kalpana Satellite showing Indian subcontinent on date 14th December 2014,

5:45Zz

Image 2: Visible band of Kalpana Satellite showing north east Infrared OLR of Indian subcontinent

on date 14th December 2014, 5:45Zz

Table 3.12.1

83

≥ 1

.0 m

m

≥ 1

0.0

mm

≥ 2

5.0

mm

≥ 5

0.0

mm

Avera

ge M

ax

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Hig

hest

Max &

Date

Avera

ge M

in

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Lo

west

Min

& D

ate

Mo

nth

ly M

ean

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

DADELDHURA 47.0 204.1 3 2 1 0 28/15 16.3 0.6 22.2/3 5.0 -0.3 -0.7/16 10.6 0.1 0

SUNDARPUR 84.0 504.1 4 2 1 1 63.8/14 22.2 -1.1 26.8/16 9.0 0.9 5.3/22 15.6 -0.1 0

DARCHULA 20.0 74.6 2 1 0 0 11.2/16 18.4 -1.8 25/1 4.6 -0.9 2.5/21 11.5 -1.4 0

BAJURA M M M M M M M 20.2 - 23/1 6.4 - 5/11 13.3 - 0

DHANGADHI 33.0 190.6 3 1 0 0 24/15 20.9 -2.5 26.1/5 8.8 0.5 4.2/22 14.8 -1.0 0

MANGALSEN 44.2 123.4 1 1 1 0 44.2/16 19.0 - 22/1 3.4 - 3/28 11.2 - 0

DIPAYAL (DOTI) 37.7 185.7 2 1 1 0 33/16 22.9 -0.6 27.2/1 6.2 0.1 2.7/12 14.5 -0.2 0

JUMLA 43.1 318.6 2 1 1 0 42/14 17.8 1.7 25.3/3 -4.5 0.0 -7/27 6.7 0.9 0

NAGMA 48.9 247.5 4 1 1 0 40.6/13 M M M M M M M M M

SIMIKOT M M M M M M M 11.1 0.7 11.6/29 -1.4 4.0 -2.2/31 4.8 2.4 0

DUNAI 41.0 418.2 7 0 0 0 8/15 M M M -0.4 - -3/27 M M 0

JAJARKOT 30.0 129.1 2 2 0 0 15.6/14 20.9 - 25.5/3 M M M M M M

SURKHET 29.2 157.8 2 2 0 0 19/16 22.3 1.1 25.9/1 5.7 -0.7 3.4/12 14.0 0.2 0

GULARIYA 22.5 162.2 2 2 0 0 12/14 17.6 - 24.5/31 8.2 - 5.3/31 12.9 - 0

NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 29.0 736.0 3 2 0 0 13.7/14 20.1 -3.3 25.6/5 9.4 -0.2 5/31 14.7 -1.8 0


BIJUWAR TAR M M M M M M M 22.6 - 25/5 7.8 - 3.9/17 15.2 - 0

SALYAN BAZAR 44.0 329.2 2 2 0 0 24/14 22.2 2.3 28/1 7.6 0.3 2.2/16 14.9 1.3 0

CHAUR JHARI TAR 14.0 89.2 1 1 0 0 14/15 21.2 0.2 24/3 6.5 0.0 3.5/30 13.9 0.1 0

GHORAI (DANG) 16.4 200.4 2 1 0 0 13/14 22.8 1.3 25.5/5 7.1 0.3 4.5/21 14.9 0.8 0

JOMSOM 25.3 492.7 3 1 0 0 11.7/16 12.6 0.5 19.8/3 -0.6 1.0 -4.5/31 6.0 0.8 0

BAGLUNG M M M M M M M 19.9 -2.7 23/5 8.0 0.6 4.3/18 13.9 -1.0 0

KUSHMA 35.7 365.0 4 1 0 0 19.5/14 22.3 -0.2 25.5/6 7.7 0.3 3/17 15.0 0.0 0

TANSEN 31.5 176.1 3 1 0 0 22/15 20.1 0.9 22.8/4 8.5 -0.4 5.2/16 14.3 0.3 0

BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 17.3 130.0 1 1 0 0 16/14 19.6 -4.5 26.2/31 11.5 1.3 6.6/31 15.6 -1.6 0

DUMKAULI M M M M M M M 22.9 -1.2 26.8/4 11.4 0.8 8.2/22 17.1 -0.2 0

KHANCHIKOT 52.1 204.1 2 2 1 0 26.7/14 16.0 1.1 19.1/6 6.4 -0.4 0.2/27 11.2 0.3 0

TAULIHAWA 23.7 249.3 3 2 0 0 12.4/14 19.5 -5.1 24.6/1 7.6 -3.4 0/1 13.6 -4.3 0

TAMGHAS 49.7 278.1 3 3 0 0 23/14 16.2 0.1 18.8/5 4.6 -1.2 1.5/17 10.4 -0.6 0

SEMARI 21.0 113.1 2 1 0 0 14/16 21.1 -0.6 27/2 10.1 1.2 7/30 15.6 0.3 0

POKHARA AIRPORT 26.9 123.8 3 1 0 0 17.2/14 21.1 0.4 23.8/5 8.5 0.5 5/17 14.8 0.4 0

SYANGJA M M M M M M M 18.0 -3.4 28.2/3 9.5 2.4 8.6/18 13.8 -0.5 0

GORKHA 36.3 269.8 3 2 0 0 18.4/14 18.9 -2.0 22.5/5 M M M M M M

LUMLE 31.1 140.1 3 1 0 0 21.7/14 15.0 0.1 17.5/5 6.2 0.0 2.3/17 10.6 0.0 0

KHAIRINI TAR 28.7 161.6 3 1 0 0 20.5/14 21.8 -0.2 25/5 10.2 0.3 6.5/29 16.0 0.1 0

RAMPUR 9.5 64.6 1 0 0 0 9.5/14 23.3 -1.0 26.4/7 10.3 1.0 6.5/20 16.8 0.0 0

HETAUNDA N.F.I. 8.0 56.2 3 0 0 0 4.1/15 22.6 -1.0 25.4/4 10.6 2.1 5.4/26 16.6 0.5 0

SIMARA AIRPORT 8.0 71.4 3 0 0 0 3/14 21.2 -3.4 27.6/31 10.1 0.8 5/18 15.7 -1.3 0


NUWAKOT 22.4 163.5 3 1 0 0 11.6/14 19.5 -2.5 23.2/9 9.0 -0.9 6.5/12 14.3 -1.7 0

GODAVARI 18.7 102.9 3 0 0 0 9/15 18.1 1.9 21.2/4 1.7 -2.6 -2.6/12 9.9 -0.4 0

BAHRABISE 35.2 191.9 4 1 0 0 15.4/15 21.0 - 24/4 7.5 - 4.5/12 14.3 - 0

KATHMANDU AIRPORT 35.0 266.0 3 2 0 0 16/16 19.9 -0.4 22.5/5 4.8 1.1 1.7/12 12.3 0.4 0

PANCHKHAL 22.1 200.5 3 0 0 0 9.1/15 22.2 0.1 25.3/5 6.8 0.9 3.1/31 14.5 - 0

NAGARKOT 22.6 232.7 2 1 0 0 17.2/16 14.5 0.5 17/16 4.6 0.5 1.4/17 9.5 0.5 0

DHUNCHE 49.8 223.3 4 3 0 0 22.2/15 14.3 - 16.5/12 5.2 - 2/17 9.8 - 0

KHOKANA 25.4 - 4 1 0 0 10.4/15 19.8 - 22/3 -2.0 - -2/12 10.6 - 0

JIRI 16.4 131.5 3 0 0 0 9.5/15 16.3 0.9 19.4/18 0.8 1.2 -2.4/18 8.6 1.1 0

SINDHULI MADHI 3.0 21.3 2 0 0 0 1.7/16 24.5 1.2 26.5/4 8.9 -0.7 5/29 16.7 0.3 0

JANAKPUR AIRPORT 7.6 90.4 1 0 0 0 7.6/16 21.5 -3.6 27.8/15 12.1 1.2 7.8/31 16.8 -1.2 0

MANTHALI 8.5 - 3 0 0 0 4/15 24.9 - 28/5 8.2 - 5.5/19 16.6 - 0

OKHALDHUNGA 8.2 64.2 2 0 0 0 6.2/15 17.4 0.8 19.9/6 7.4 0.3 5.5/27 12.4 0.6 0


RAJBIRAJ 0.8 9.2 0 0 0 0 0.8/16 21.7 -5.0 26/31 11.9 1.2 9/28 16.8 -1.9 0

CHAINPUR (EAST) 9.5 106.0 2 0 0 0 6/16 20.2 0.7 22.5/2 8.1 0.0 6/18 14.1 0.4 0

DHANKUTA 3.0 47.2 1 0 0 0 3/16 21.0 1.6 23.6/5 9.1 0.6 7/25 15.1 1.1 0

DHARAN BAZAR 1.1 11.8 1 0 0 0 1.1/16 24.6 - 29/5 13.9 - 7.6/25 19.3 - 0

TERHATHUM M M M M M M M 21.9 - 24.5/6 6.4 - 4.5/17 14.1 - 0

BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 2.0 30.3 1 0 0 0 2/16 23.9 -1.5 29/31 12.1 1.5 8.5/19 18.0 0.0 0

TAPLEJUNG 13.1 117.3 2 0 0 0 8/15 18.2 2.7 20.5/5 6.9 1.4 3.9/18 12.6 2.0 0

ILAM TEA ESTATE 3.2 40.1 1 0 0 0 3.2/16 20.4 2.3 22.5/7 8.3 -2.8 6/22 14.3 -0.3 0


GAIDA (KANKAI) 0.7 7.5 0 0 0 0 0.7/17 24.5 -1.9 29.5/5 11.4 1.4 6.4/29 17.9 -0.3 0




December 2014

Stations


To

tal (m

m)

% o

f N

orm

al

No. of Rainy Days

24h

rs E

xtr

em

e R

ain

fall

& D

ate


No

.of

Days w

ith

maxim

um

tem

pera

ture

≥ 30°C

Documents

WEATHER SUMMARY OF NEPAL Surkhet YEAR ...dhm.gov.np/uploads/getforecast/1001026204Annual weather...Monsoon (June-September) and Post-monsoon (October-November). Seasonal rainfall and