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U.S. National Brucellosis

Eradication and ControlProgram:

Regulations

Program StandardPolicies

BEAP

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U.S. Brucellosis Program

Eradication

1934: Brucellosis program launched on a national scale.11.5% reactor rate of adult cattle tested.

1941: Strain 19 vaccine approved.1954: Congress appropriates funds for a national

program.

Cooperative effort between federal,state, and livestock producers.

Down-the-road testing

Calfhood vaccination

Late 1960s & early 70s: New and better presumptive

tests introduces; more specific tests.Early 1970s: Blood testing of cattle at firstpoint of concentration.

INFECTED HERDS FOUND IN FY 1957 -- 123,964

578

1009

801

138

1103

1388

277

851

351

587

299

1357

1129

925

5757

2843

2884

2666

2993

2782

7171

6057

8691

2677

3472

30044227

475

4755649

3596

7820

5704

6904

29823981

509

2299

7609

4870

1773

845

72

1044

481

187

545

37

240

Mid 1970s: Concept of local control leading to

eradication.

Emphasis on epidemio logy, adjacent and

commun ity herd test ing, and infected herd

management.

Use of adult vaccinat ion to inc rease herdresistance and decrease abort ions .

1989: Finding the last vestiges of infection

difficult and costly develop the Rapid

Completion Plan.

1996: RB51 vaccine available.

1997: Re-affirm eradication goals and

implement the Brucellosis EmergencyAction Plan ; Depopulation emphasized.

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Changes to the Brucellosis Eradication

Uniform Methods and Rules (UM&R)

Purpose:

The United States is nearing the goal of eradication of brucellosisfrom domestic cattle and bison. The Brucellosis Eradication UniformMethods and Rules (UM&R) is being reevaluated in view of the currentstatus of the program.

The intent of this reevaluation is twofold; 1) to ensure that the UM&R is still applicable for the current status

and is sufficient to complete the eradication effort, and

2) in light of regionalization initiatives, to ensure that the UM&R issufficient to prevent the introduction of brucellosis into the United

States, since restrictions that we place on animals being importedfrom other countries, which have achieved equivalent status, cannotbe greater than interstate movement restrictions we imposedomestically.

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1997 Brucellosis

Emergency Action Plan

Goal: To achieve total elimination ofBrucellosis from cattle by December 31, 1998,by implementing urgent initiatives throughoutthe Cooperative Brucellosis EradicationProgram.

Beginning August 1, 1997, all activitiesinvolving brucellosis surveillance andmanagement of new cases were conducted asan emergency action. Emergency actionmeans that all activities associated with eachnew case be dealt with as a top priority.

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Brucellosis Emergency Action Plan

Personnel and fiscal resources will be made availablewhere needed to achieve the goal.

The critical program elements to achieve theeradication goal are as follows:

1. Surveillance

2. Infected herd management

3. Community and Contact herds

4. Epidemiology

5. Program Management

6. Program Reviews

7. Public Information

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Brucellosis Emergency Action Plan

Surveillance: Increase the efficacy of both primary and

secondary surveillance methods to the levels

necessary to find the last affected cattle herd inthe United States.

Infected Herd Management:Beginning immediately, newly diagnosed affected

herds will be depopulated where possible.Appropriately, all Brucellosis Class A statesshould seek mandatory depopulation authority.Depopulation initiatives are extended to includeknown exposed high risk animals or herds.

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Brucellosis Emergency Action Plan

Community and Contact herds:

The investigation, testing, and monitoring of high

risk herds will receive top priority attention. The

radius of concern around each new focus of

brucellosis will be a minimum of one mile. All

high risk herds will be monitored for at least one

year following removal of the last known affected

animal.

Epidemiology:

All aspects of epidemiological investigations will

be completed as a top priority.

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Brucellosis Emergency Action Plan

Program Management:

Program managers and designated brucellosis

epidemiologists at all levels will be held

accountable for properly and expediently

executing all aspects of the brucellosis program

including the generation of extraordinary urgency

to achieve the stated goal. Intense monitoring of

program activities for thoroughness andtimeliness will be expected as an integral part of

program management.

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Brucellosis Emergency Action Plan

Program Reviews:Documented internal program reviews at the area

level will be conducted on a quarterly basis in

each Class A state to assure programconformance with the BEAP and to reviewresource needs. Outside reviews will beconducted as needed.

Public Information:A public information campaign will be initiated ateach level to inform the general public andinvolve program participants, both private andregulatory, in the BEAP.

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Brucellosis Emergency Action Plan

An emergency action plan for the eradicationof bovine brucellosis would involve wholeherd vaccination in herds found to be at highrisk for exposure to brucellosis.

VACCINATION:

Program personnel should consider whole

herd vaccination in herds considered at-riskfor exposure. The workgroup feels that if aherd is risky enough to require a test due toadjacent exposure, then it is at-risk enough toconsider adult vaccination with Strain RB-51.