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Tópico: Estudo do vocabulário: afixação em língua inglesaGêneros: Anúncio publicitário; resumo de artigo acadêmico.Vocabulário: Agricultura; Irrigação; Água.
Por que aprender afixação?
FRIEND
Os Sufixos têm a função de modificar a categoria gramatical das palavras a que se aplicam. Isto é, um determinado sufixo será sempre aplicado a uma determinada categoria de palavra e resultará sempre numa outra determinada categoria.
Prefixos, por sua vez, normalmente não alteram a categoria gramatical da palavra-base a que se aplicam. Os prefixos dão aos adjetivos e verbos ideias negativas ou opostas. Sua função é predominantemente semântica, isto é, eles alteram o significado da base.
Os sufixos carregamInformação gramatical (inflectional suffixes)
• -s third person singular present• -ed past tense• -t past tense• -ing progressive/continuous• -en past participle• -s plural• -en plural (irregular)• -er comparative• -est superlative• -n't negative
Informação lexical (derivational suffixes)
• -ize/-ise• -fy• -ly• -ful• -able/-ible• -hood• -ess• -ness• -less• -ism
It is very useful to tackle parts of speech when we are focusing on reading skills. The awareness of suffixes which generally define that word within a particular class, such as “ness” (goodness), “ity” (purity), and “ism” (radicalism) for nouns; “able” (breakable), “ant” (expectant) and “ive” (repulsive) for adjectives; “ize” (organize), “ify” (beautify) and “en” (deepen) for verbs; and “ly” (quickly) for adverbs, will definitely broaden the your vocabulary knowledge.
Prefixos
– Opposite meanings• Anti- against anti-abortion• Dis the opposite of dislike– Other meanings
• Multi- having many multi-purpose• Post after postgraduate
Tabela para ser consultada e exercícios
online...http://www.enchantedlearning.com/grammar/prefixsuffix/
NOUN + ...ful = ADJECTIVE (significando full of …, having …)NOUN + ...less = ADJECTIVE (significando without …)
NOUN ...ful ADJECTIVE ...less ADJECTIVE
art (arte)care (cuidado)color (cor)doubt (dúvida)faith (fé)fear (medo)force (força)fruit (fruto)grace (graça)
harm (dano, prejuízo)hope (esperança)
artful (criativo)careful (cuidadoso)colorful (colorido)doubtful (duvidoso)faithful (fiel)fearful (medroso)forceful (vigoroso)fruitful (frutífero)graceful (gracioso)
harmful (prejudicial)hopeful (esperançoso)
artless (grosseiro)careless (descuidado)colorless (sem cor)doubtless (indubitável)faithless (infiel)fearless (destemido)forceless (sem força)fruitless (infrutífero)graceless (que não é gracioso)harmless (inofensivo)hopeless (que não tem esperança)
Monsanto's Commitment to Sustainable Agriculture
VERB
• POPULATE
• PRODUCE
• CONSERVE
• IMPROVE
• INNOVATE
NOUN
• _____________________
• _____________________
• _____________________
• _____________________
• _____________________
POPULATION
PRODUCTION
CONSERVATION
IMPROVEMENT
INNOVATION
NOUN
• AGRICULTURE
• TECHNOLOGY
• SOCIOLOGY
• COMMITMENT
ADJECTIVE
• _____________________
• _____________________
• _____________________
• _____________________
AGRICULTURAL
TECHNOLOGICAL
SOCIOLOGICAL
COMMITTED
AUMENTANDO RENDIMENTOS EM REGIÕES CHAVE
INCREASING - AUMENTANDO• -ING (gerúndio/infinitivo/adjetivo) e os adjetivos
terminados em -ed e -ing podem causar confusão:• Increased – increasing• Interested – interesting• Worried – worrying• Confused – confusing
• He is interestED in this lesson, because it is interestING ( Ele está interessado nessa lição, porque ela é interessante ).
Algo ou alguém é -ingAlguém está -ed
VÍDEO 1
Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) - Myths and Truths
Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) - Myths and Truths
VÍDEO
GÊNEROS ACADÊMICOS Academic genres
• RESUMO; (abstract)• RESENHA; (review)• ENSAIO TEÓRICO; (essay)• RELATÓRIO TÉCNICO; (technical report)• ARTIGO CIENTÍFICO; (article/paper)• MONOGRAFIA (TCC); (undergraduate thesis)• DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO; (thesis)• TESE DE DOUTORADO. (dissertation)
Academic language
• tries to be clear and precise, so it is important to keep a vocabulary notebook and learn the differences between similar words, as well as typical word combinations.
Termos do cotidiano e usos acadêmicos
Expressões formais (gêneros acadêmicos)
Verbs
1. investigation2. illustration 3. analysis4. effect5. attempt6. classification
Keywords
Water scarcity; Irrigation performances; Supply management; Wastewater; Saline waters; Demand management; Irrigation methods; Deficit irrigation.
Abstract
The use of water for agricultural production in water scarcity regions requires innovative and sustainable research, and an appropriate transfer of technologies. This paper discusses some of these aspects, mainly relative to on-farm irrigation management including the use of treated wastewater and saline waters. First, the paper proposes some concepts relative to water scarcity, concerning aridity, drought, desertification and water shortage, as well as policies to cope with these water stressed regimes. Conceptual approaches on irrigation performances, water use and water savings are reviewed in a wide perspective. This is followed by a discussion of supply management to cope with water scarcity, giving particular attention to the use of wastewater and low-quality waters, including the respective impacts on health and the environment as water scarcity is requiring that waters of inferior quality be increasingly used for irrigation. The paper then focuses on demand management, starting with aspects relating to the improvement of irrigation methods and the respective performances, mainly the distribution uniformity (DU) as a fundamental tool to reduce the demand for water at the farm level, and to control the negative environmental impacts of over-irrigation, including salt stressed areas. Discussions are supported by recent research results. The suitability of irrigation methods for using treated wastewaters and saline waters is analysed. Supplemental irrigation (SI) and deficit irrigation strategies are also discussed, including limitations on the applicability of related practices. The paper also identifies the need to adopt emerging technologies for water management as well as to develop appropriate methodologies for the analysis of social, economic, and environmental benefits of improved irrigation management.
• agricultural fundamental environmental social conceptual
• scarcity suitability • sustainable• innovative relative negative• mainly increasingly • irrigation desertification attention distribution
discussions limitations • uniformity applicability aridity • Economic
al - adjetivos
able - adjetivo
ity - substantivos
ly - advérbios
tion - substantivoity - substantivo
ic - adjetivo
ive - adjetivo
• The use of water for _____________ (agriculture-agricultural-agriculturist) production in water __________ (scarce-scarcely-scarcity) regions requires ___________ (innovative-innovation-innovator) and ___________ (sustainability-sustainable-susten) research, and an appropriate transfer of technologies. This paper discusses some of these aspects, mainly relative to on-farm __________ (irrigate-irrigation-irrigable) management including the use of treated wastewater and saline waters.
agricultural
scarcityinnovative
sustainable
irrigation
Abstract
The use of water for agricultural production in water scarcity regions requires innovative and sustainable research, and an appropriate transfer of technologies. This paper discusses some of these aspects, mainly relative to on-farm irrigation management including the use of treated wastewater and saline waters. First, the paper proposes some concepts relative to water scarcity, concerning aridity, drought, desertification and water shortage, as well as policies to cope with these water stressed regimes. Conceptual approaches on irrigation performances, water use and water savings are reviewed in a wide perspective. This is followed by a discussion of supply management to cope with water scarcity, giving particular attention to the use of wastewater and low-quality waters, including the respective impacts on health and the environment as water scarcity is requiring that waters of inferior quality be increasingly used for irrigation. The paper then focuses on demand management, starting with aspects relating to the improvement of irrigation methods and the respective performances, mainly the distribution uniformity (DU) as a fundamental tool to reduce the demand for water at the farm level, and to control the negative environmental impacts of over-irrigation, including salt stressed areas. Discussions are supported by recent research results. The suitability of irrigation methods for using treated wastewaters and saline waters is analysed. Supplemental irrigation (SI) and deficit irrigation strategies are also discussed, including limitations on the applicability of related practices. The paper also identifies the need to adopt emerging technologies for water management as well as to develop appropriate methodologies for the analysis of social, economic, and environmental benefits of improved irrigation management.
Abstract
The use of water for agricultural production in water scarcity regions requires innovative and sustainable research, and an appropriate transfer of technologies. This paper discusses some of these aspects, mainly relative to on-farm irrigation management including the use of treated wastewater and saline waters. First, the paper proposes some concepts relative to water scarcity, concerning aridity, drought, desertification and water shortage, as well as policies to cope with these water stressed regimes. Conceptual approaches on irrigation performances, water use and water savings are reviewed in a wide perspective. This is followed by a discussion of supply management to cope with water scarcity, giving particular attention to the use of wastewater and low-quality waters, including the respective impacts on health and the environment as water scarcity is requiring that waters of inferior quality be increasingly used for irrigation. The paper then focuses on demand management, starting with aspects relating to the improvement of irrigation methods and the respective performances, mainly the distribution uniformity (DU) as a fundamental tool to reduce the demand for water at the farm level, and to control the negative environmental impacts of over-irrigation, including salt stressed areas. Discussions are supported by recent research results. The suitability of irrigation methods for using treated wastewaters and saline waters is analysed. Supplemental irrigation (SI) and deficit irrigation strategies are also discussed, including limitations on the applicability of related practices. The paper also identifies the need to adopt emerging technologies for water management as well as to develop appropriate methodologies for the analysis of social, economic, and environmental benefits of improved irrigation management.
Objetivo
• This paper discusses some of these aspects, mainly relative to on-farm irrigation management including the use of treated wastewater and saline waters.
Abstract
The use of water for agricultural production in water scarcity regions requires innovative and sustainable research, and an appropriate transfer of technologies. This paper discusses some of these aspects, mainly relative to on-farm irrigation management including the use of treated wastewater and saline waters. First, the paper proposes some concepts relative to water scarcity, concerning aridity, drought, desertification and water shortage, as well as policies to cope with these water stressed regimes. Conceptual approaches on irrigation performances, water use and water savings are reviewed in a wide perspective. This is followed by a discussion of supply management to cope with water scarcity, giving particular attention to the use of wastewater and low-quality waters, including the respective impacts on health and the environment as water scarcity is requiring that waters of inferior quality be increasingly used for irrigation. The paper then focuses on demand management, starting with aspects relating to the improvement of irrigation methods and the respective performances, mainly the distribution uniformity (DU) as a fundamental tool to reduce the demand for water at the farm level, and to control the negative environmental impacts of over-irrigation, including salt stressed areas. Discussions are supported by recent research results. The suitability of irrigation methods for using treated wastewaters and saline waters is analysed. Supplemental irrigation (SI) and deficit irrigation strategies are also discussed, including limitations on the applicability of related practices. The paper also identifies the need to adopt emerging technologies for water management as well as to develop appropriate methodologies for the analysis of social, economic, and environmental benefits of improved irrigation management.
Abstract
The use of water for agricultural production in water scarcity regions requires innovative and sustainable research, and an appropriate transfer of technologies. This paper discusses some of these aspects, mainly relative to on-farm irrigation management including the use of treated wastewater and saline waters. First, the paper proposes some concepts relative to water scarcity, concerning aridity, drought, desertification and water shortage, as well as policies to cope with these water stressed regimes. Conceptual approaches on irrigation performances, water use and water savings are reviewed in a wide perspective. This is followed by a discussion of supply management to cope with water scarcity, giving particular attention to the use of wastewater and low-quality waters, including the respective impacts on health and the environment as water scarcity is requiring that waters of inferior quality be increasingly used for irrigation. The paper then focuses on demand management, starting with aspects relating to the improvement of irrigation methods and the respective performances, mainly the distribution uniformity (DU) as a fundamental tool to reduce the demand for water at the farm level, and to control the negative environmental impacts of over-irrigation, including salt stressed areas. Discussions are supported by recent research results. The suitability of irrigation methods for using treated wastewaters and saline waters is analysed. Supplemental irrigation (SI) and deficit irrigation strategies are also discussed, including limitations on the applicability of related practices. The paper also identifies the need to adopt emerging technologies for water management as well as to develop appropriate methodologies for the analysis of social, economic, and environmental benefits of improved irrigation management.
Abstract
The use of water for agricultural production in water scarcity regions requires innovative and sustainable research, and an appropriate transfer of technologies. This paper discusses some of these aspects, mainly relative to on-farm irrigation management including the use of treated wastewater and saline waters. First, the paper proposes some concepts relative to water scarcity, concerning aridity, drought, desertification and water shortage, as well as policies to cope with these water stressed regimes. Conceptual approaches on irrigation performances, water use and water savings are reviewed in a wide perspective. This is followed by a discussion of supply management to cope with water scarcity, giving particular attention to the use of wastewater and low-quality waters, including the respective impacts on health and the environment as water scarcity is requiring that waters of inferior quality be increasingly used for irrigation. The paper then focuses on demand management, starting with aspects relating to the improvement of irrigation methods and the respective performances, mainly the distribution uniformity (DU) as a fundamental tool to reduce the demand for water at the farm level, and to control the negative environmental impacts of over-irrigation, including salt stressed areas. Discussions are supported by recent research results. The suitability of irrigation methods for using treated wastewaters and saline waters is analysed. Supplemental irrigation (SI) and deficit irrigation strategies are also discussed, including limitations on the applicability of related practices. The paper also identifies the need to adopt emerging technologies for water management as well as to develop appropriate methodologies for the analysis of social, economic, and environmental benefits of improved irrigation management.
