Benjamin Blackburn

3. Conditional + Irregulars4. Present Perfect5. Past Perfect6. Present Perfect Irregulars7. Subjunctive Perfect8. Tanto y Tan9. Impersonal “Se”10. Saber vs. Conocer11. Los Mandatos12. Formal/Informal13. Affirmative Commands14. Negative Commands

15. Irregular Commands16. DOP and IOP 17. Nosotros Commands18. Mono Verbs19. Subjunctive20. Irregulars21. Trigger Phrases 22. Impersonal Expressions23. Expressions of Emotion24. Conjunctions of Time 25. Demonstrative Adjectives26. Demonstrative Pronouns

Words like would, could, and should.Gustar type words are often used with it.Endings

íaíasíaíamosíaisían

Irregulars

Caberyo cabría

Haberyo habría

Poderyo podría

Quereryo querría

Saberyo sabría

Poneryo pondría

Saliryo saldría

Teneryo tendría

Valeryo valdría

Veniryo vendría

Deciryo diría

Haceryo haría

Formed by combining “has” or “have” with the past participle.

Two verbs are required (Main and Auxiliary verb).

Haber

HeHasHaHemosHabéisHan

Combines the use of the auxiliary verb (had) with the past participle.

Also requires two verbs (Main and Auxiliary verb).

Use the imperfect tense with the past participle.

Haber

HabíaHabíasHabíaHabíamosHabíaisHabían

List of the Most Common Irregulars

Abrir (open) abiertoCubrir (cover) cubiertoEscribir (write) escritoMorir (die) muertoPoner (put) puestoSolver (solve) sueltoRomper (break) rotoVolver (return) vueltoSatisfacer (satisfy) satisfechoDecir (say / tell) dichoHacer (do / make) hechoVer (see) visto

Formed by using present subjunctive of helping verb with the past participle.

Example: I (have)….

Haber

Haya

Hayas

Haya

Hayamos

Hayáis

Hayan

Used to form comparisons of things with equal qualities using nouns.

tanto(-a,-os,-as) + noun + comoUsed to form comparisons of things with

equal qualities using adj. or adv.tan + adjective (adverb) + como

Put verbs in the 3rd person and have it follow “se”.

Se + 3rd person verb

Saber is used when you know a fact, to know something thoroughly, or to know how to do something.

Conocer is used when something learning a person, place, or thing.

Used to directly give someone an order.Can be

formal, informal, nosotros, affirmative or negative.

Formal Informal

Use the Ud. form for informal mandatos.Can be either affirmative or negative.

Use the tú form for formal mandatos.Can be either affirmative or negative.

Formal Informal

Same as present subjunctive.Take the yo form>>drop the o>> -ar verbs(-e), -er/-ir verbs(-a)

Just put the mandato in the tú form.

Formed the same as the Affirmative commands except you just put a “no” in the front.

Irregular Mandatos

Decir – di Salir – sal

Hacer – haz Ser – sé

Ir – ve Tener – ten

Poner - pon Venir - ven

DOP

MeTeLo/laNosOsLos/las

IOP

MeTeleNosOsLes

Placed before verb to answer who and what.

Placed before the verb to answer whom and for whom.

Command used when the speaker is involved.

Just add “no” before the verb.

(no) Lets + (verb)

Affirmative nosotros commands>> drop the finial “s” before adding pronouns.

To make it negative just add a “no” before.

(no)(verb)mos + nos = (verb)monos

The subjunctive is used to express everything except certainty and objectivity: Things like doubt, uncertainty, subjectivity.

Yo form of present indicative>>drop “o”>>add appropriate ending.

Ar

EEsEEmosEn

Er/Ir

AAsAAmosan

TVDISHES-car, -gar, -zar verbs

Estar

estéestésestéestemosestéisestén

Ir

VayaVayasVayaVayamosvayáisvayan

Ser

seaseasseaseamosseáissean

Saber

sepasepassepasepamossepáissepan

Esperar que… Insistir en que…Mandar que… Preferir que… Prohibir que… Querer que…Es aconsejable que…Es necesario que…Pedir que…Recomendar que…Rogar que…Sugerir que…

Expressions that introduce an aspect of uncertainty.

Trigger phrases

Es bueno que…Es difícil que…Es dudoso que…Es fácil que …Es fantástico que …Es importante que…Es imposible que …Es improbable que …Es incierto que …Es increíble que…

Es malo que …it's ( too) bad that Es mejor que … it's better that Es peor que … it's worse that Es preferible que … it's preferable that Es raro que … it's strange that Es triste que … it's sad that Es útil que … it's useful that Estar contento que … to be happy that Estar triste que … to be sad that Extrañarse que … to be amazed that Gustarse que … to like Más vale que … it's better that Sentir que … to regret, be sorry that Sorprenderse que … to be surprised that Temer que … to fear that Tener miedo que … to be afraid that

Así que… as soon asCuando… whenDespues de que… afterEn cuanto… as soon asHasta que… untilLuego que… as soon asTan pronto como… as soon as

An adjective that points out something.

Singular masculine

Plural masculine

Singular feminine

Plural feminine

este(this)ese(that)aquel(that)

estos(these)esos(those)aquellos(those)

Esta(these)esa(that)aquella(that)

estas(those)esas(that)aquellas(those)

Used to stand for nouns instead of modify them.

•aquellas (those)

Singular masculine

Plural masculine

Singular feminine

Plural feminine

Singularneuter

Éste(this)ése(that)aquél(that)

Éstos(these)ésos(those)aquéllos(those)

Ésta(this)ésa(that)Aquélla(that)

éstas(these)ésas(those)aquéllas(those)

Esto(this)eso(that)aquello(that)