As grandes paisagens vegetais

As grandes paisagens vegetais

Aulas 13 e 14Setor 1701 – pág. 220

Lembrando

A vegetação é o espelho do

clima.

Domínios morfoclimáticos!

I - FORMAÇÕES FLORESTAIS

FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA(Floresta pluvial)

É úmida, ou seja,

higrófila. É heterogênea, com grande

quantidade de árvores altas,

epífitas e trepadeiras.

Vegetação latifoliada, ou

seja, com folhas largas e grandes.

É estratificada, apresentando vegetais

de porte variado no interior da árvores de

grande porte.

É compacta

Vegetação perene, sempre verde, as folhas não caem.

Área de 5,5 milhões de Km2.

Há 3 tipos essenciais de floresta amazônica:

1 - MATA DE TERRA FIRME: localizam-se em solos elevados, onde geralmente não há inundações.

Grande variedade

de espécies vegetais.

Copa das árvores é fechada.

Floresta escura,úmida,densa e mal

ventilada.

Árvores altas

de 60 a 65 m

de altura.

PRINCIPAIS EXEMPLOS DE VEGETAIS:

Castanheira-do-pará

Guaraná

Mogno

Sapucaia

Caucho

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http://images.google.com.br/imgres?imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_mXMouhRHklk/SNvxMxJgPEI/AAAAAAAAAFw/ESqx7XTXkeU/s320/castanha.jpg&imgrefurl=http://nutriligiacosta.blogspot.com/2008/09/tenha-o-hbito-de-consumir-castanha-do.html&usg=__xigEF6jAeQ_NtzUGAg12lmOxzKo=&h=300&w=300&sz=11&hl=pt-BR&start=8&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=YF-AA118hNk4-M:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3DCASTANHEIRA%2BDO%2BPAR%25C3%2581%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1T4SUNA_enBR313BR314%26tbs%3Disch:1

http://images.google.com.br/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ambientebrasil.com.br/images/florestal/mogno.jpg&imgrefurl=http://aguiasnaogerampombas.blogspot.com/2007_08_01_archive.html&usg=__T8YRG6zh4fUMl-V3DQpPzp0k2Jo=&h=328&w=232&sz=37&hl=pt-BR&start=6&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=iIVYBZqMgGXLaM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=83&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmogno%2Barvore%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26rlz%3D1T4SUNA_enBR313BR314%26tbs%3Disch:1

http://images.google.com.br/imgres?imgurl=http://www.degom.com/Image/Arbol_caucho.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.degom.com/esp/El_caucho.htm&usg=__lo_CnDl-IYUkMHjqMMOQJhHDK8Q=&h=437&w=317&sz=170&hl=pt-BR&start=3&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=-58CCJZs1b-7RM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=91&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcaucho%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1T4SUNA_enBR313BR314%26tbs%3Disch:1

2 - MATAS DE VÁRZEAS: localizam-se em regiões que sofre alagamentos periódicos.

3 - MATAS DOS IGAPÓS: localizam-se nos terrenos mais baixos próximos aos rios, permanentemente inundados.

Vegetação adaptada ao solo alagado e mal

ventilado.

Árvores de 20 a 25 m de altura.


PLANTAS EPÍFITAS

Vitória-régia

Piaçava

Açaí

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FAUNA DA FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA

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MATA ATLÂNTICA

É um floresta tropical, úmida de encosta.

Vegetação latifoliada, ou seja, com folhas largas e

grandes.

Área de 500.000 Km2

Queimadas

Exploração

madeireira

Área de pastos, cidades e cultivo

É exuberante ainda em alguns trechos: sul da

Bahia,norte do E. Santo e na Serra do Mar.

DesaparecimentoDe espécies

Como o pau-brasil

FAUNADA

MATA ATLÂNTICA

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PAU-BRASIL

IPÊ

CIPÓS

JEQUITIBÁS

JACARANDÁ

EPÍFITAS

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MATA DOS COCAIS

• Formação fitogeográfica EXCLUSIVAMENTE brasileira.

• Vegetação de transição entre:

Mata dos cocaisCAATINGA

CERRADO

FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA


BABAÇU: matas densas e escuras (árvores próximas).

CARNAÚBA: local espaçado e ensolarado, ocupa zonas alagadiças no período das chuvas.

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MATA DAS ARAUCÁRIAS

Araucária angustifólia

Atualmente nos estados do Paraná e Santa

Catarina

ACICULIFOLIADA(folhas em forma de agulha)

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CAATINGA

II – FORMAÇÕES ARBUSTIVAS E HERBÁCEAS

Sertão nordestino

11% do território brasileiro

Temperatura média

Alta = 250C

Muitos ventos,umidade do ar baixa e muita

evaporação.

Solo cristalino, impermeável. Não

armazena água.

Época da seca, vegetação perde

as folhas, aspecto seco e espinhoso.

Nas chuvas escassas o solo

se reveste de gramíneas

Gavião carcará

Sagüi do nordeste

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CERRADO

RegiãoCentro-oeste

25% do territóriobrasileiro

Vegetação composta de arbustos e pequenas

árvores.

Galhos retorcidos, casca grossa e folhas

espessas.

Aparência geral de região xeromórfica

Chuvas frequentes. Árvores com raízes

profundas que atingem o lençol freático

Solo ácido, com baixo teor de nutrientes e excesso de alumínio.

ÁGUA NÃO É O FATOR

LIMITANTE !

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PAMPAS

Também conhecidos como: Campos do Sul, Campos Sulinos ou Campanha Gaúcha.

Vegetação de Gramíneas

Formações Litorâneas

III – VEGETAÇÃO LITORÂNEA

PRAIAS E DUNAS

Faixa sem vegetação

(zona de marés)

Plantas adaptadas a solos salinos (halófitas) e que se fixam em areia movediça

(psamófitos). Caranguejo e salsa da praia

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MANGUEZALÁGUA DOCE

(Sedimentos dos rios)

ÁGUA

SALGADA

MANGUE

Solo rico em matéria orgânica (rios, mares, chuva), porém pobre

em O2..

Berçário para muitas espécies de animais, que se deslocam para o mangue na época reprodutiva;

põem os ovos e os filhotes passam aí toda a sua fase juvenil, migrando posteriormente para o

mar.

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RESTINGAS

• Localizam-se atrás das dunas.

• Vegetação mista: árvores das matas, gramíneas das dunas, etc.

• Solo extremamente arenoso, pobre em água e nutrientes

(adaptações de raízes superficiais).

Lagarto

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IV – PANTANALÉPOCA DAS CHUVAS

(outubro a março): nessa época seus rios

transbordam, extravasam suas águas, inundando grandes áreas de solo.

Maior estoque de peixes do mundo

Maior concentração de

aves do continente.

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Travel

As grandes paisagens vegetais