Multidimensional Poverty in Brazil

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

Alexander Cambraia N. VazSecretaria de Avaliação e Gestão da Informação (SAGI)

Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome (MDS)

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

• Economic policy were oriented by social concerns and the development of domestic consumer market

• Growing resources on Universal Programs in Education, Health, Social Security and efforts to deliver them to the most vulnerable people and those living in distant places

• Specific social development programs or actions targeted to most vulnerable like cash transfers to families with not enough income, technical assistance and funding to small farmers and entrepreneurs, affirmative actions concerning gender and race, special social services design to vulnerable people (nurseries, full-time schools, incentives to college inscription etc)

• Improvements on Policy Formulation and Evaluation, Program Management and Statistical Information production

Social advances in democratic Brazil

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

Social advances in democratic Brazil

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

• Last years, there has increased a need for more refined measures on poverty, given the contexts and constraints poor population are submitted to. There is, however, not a best indicator. It depends on the concepts and purposes of use.

The need for a more refined measure

Source: PNAD, IBGE

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

• All of them are good reference for government, but none is official. Neither of them alone capture in a sensitive basis the effects of the many actions to fight poverty in Brazil

• Less complex anti-poverty programmes suggest simpler indicators (one-dimensional indicator) for programme monitoring. More complex strategies which recognize poverty as a multidimensional social phenomenon require a larger set of indicators or multidimensional measures capable of monitoring anti-poverty programmes and actions.

• This poses the question: how to deal with the multidimentional issue ? 3 PATHS

- Political-philosophical - Methodological - Constructive

The need for a more refined measure

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Political-philosophical issue

• How to define and assert the concept ?

• The political path: consensus and society

• The philosophical path: there is no perfect consensus

The need for a MORAL consensus: which inequalities are acceptable ?

• Dealing with concepts: how to

The need for a more refined measure

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Methodological issue

• How to operationalize the concept ?

• The miscellanea of dimensions, indicators and variables

• The miscellanea of proposals: the domestic and the international frontiers

• Dealing with two proposals: OPHI/UNDP and WBI

• Limits and possibilities in data and methods: the 2013 MPI as example

The need for a more refined measure

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Methodological issue

• Communalities: the method for measurement

The need for a more refined measure

Dimensions

Income

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Methodological issue

• Differences: the dimensions and indicators for measurement

OPHI

The need for a more refined measure

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Methodological issue

• Differences: the dimensions and indicators for measurement

WBI

The need for a more refined measure

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Methodological issue

• Results

The need for a more refined measure

Source: IBGE – PNAD 2001-2013

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Methodological issue

• Results

The need for a more refined measure

Source: IBGE – PNAD 2001-2013

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Methodological issue

• Results

The need for a more refined measure

Source: IBGE – PNAD 2001-2013

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Methodological issue

• Results

The need for a more refined measure

Source: IBGE – PNAD 2001-2013

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Constructive issue

• How to transform the measures into useful info to public policies ?

• The need for intervention in public policy: objectivity and expenditures

• Understanding the multidimentional poor: profiles

The need for a more refined measure

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Constructive issue

The need for a more refined measure

Severe poverty

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Constructive issue

The need for a more refined measure

Moderate poverty

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Constructive issue

The need for a more refined measure

Transient poor until 70 with deprivations

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Constructive issue

The need for a more refined measure

Transient poor from 70 to 140 with deprivations

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Constructive issue

The need for a more refined measure

Vulnerables

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Constructive issue

The need for a more refined measure

Transient poor until 70 without deprivations

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Constructive issue

The need for a more refined measure

Transient poor from 70 to 140 without deprivations

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Constructive issue

The need for a more refined measure

Not poor with deprivations

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Multidimensional poverty in Brazilconcepts, operationalization and tendencies

The Constructive issue

The need for a more refined measure

Not poor