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CETESB - COMPANHIA AMBIENTAL DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO

CENTRO REGIONAL DA CONVENÇÃO DE ESTOCOLMO SOBRE POLUENTES ORGÂNICOS PERSISTENTES (POPs)PARA A REGIÃO DA AMÉRICA LATINA E CARIBE

V PROGRAMA INTERNACIONAL PARA CAPACITACÃO INTENSIVA NA GESTÃO AMBIENTAL DOS PRODUTOS QUÍMICOS E SEUS RESÍDUOS, EM ESPECIAL

POLUENTES ORGÂNICOS PERSISTENTES (POPs) E MERCÚRIO (Hg)

Management steps: classification, collection, transportation, storage, treatment and finaldisposal

Elvira Lídia Straus

January 14, 2016

São Paulo – SP – Brasil

SOLID WASTES CLASSIFICATIONBrazilian Standard NBR 10004/2004

PURPOUSES OF THE STANDARD:

• CLASSIFICATION FOR MANAGEMENT PLANNING

• IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS

NBR 10.004 – SOLID WASTES DEFINITIONSOLID AND SEMI-SOLID WASTES RESULTING FROM INDUSTRIAL, DOMESTIC, HOSPITAL, COMMERCIAL, AGRICULTURAL, AND STREET SWEEPING SERVICES ACTIVITIES.

THIS DEFINITION INCLUDES: SLUDGE FROM WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS, WASTES GENERATED IN POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES, AND CERTAIN LIQUIDS WHOSE CHARACTERISTICS MAKE ITS LAUNCH IN PUBLIC SEWERS OR WATER BODIES UNFEASIBLE, OR WOULD REQUIRE TECHNICAL SOLUTION CONSIDERED NOT VIABLE ECONOMICALLY GIVEN THE BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY.

CONTAINED GASES

NBR 10.004 – SOLID WASTES

HAZARDOUS WASTESCLASS I

SOLID WASTES

SOLID WASTE OR SOLID WASTE MIXTURE THAT IS CONSIDERED NON HAZARDOUS AND THAT AFTER TESTED FOR SOLUBILIZATION, ACCORDING TO NBR10.006, HAVE NO PARAMETER SOLUBILIZED IN CONCENTRATIONS ABOVE MAXIMUM LIMITS OF POTABLE WATERS, EXCEPT ASPECT, COLOR, TURBIDITY, HARDNESS AND TASTE.

CLASSIFICATION - NON HAZARDOUS WASTESCLASS II

CLASS II BWASTESINERTS

CLASSIFICATION - CLASS II WASTES-non hazardous

SOLID WASTE OR SOLID WASTE MIXTURE THAT IS NOT CONSIDERED HAZARDOUS AND DOESN’T FIT CLASS II B LIMITS.

SOLID WASTES

CLASS II ANON INERTS

NBR 10.004 – SOLID WASTESANNEX AHAZARDOUS WASTES FROM NON-SPECIFIC SOURCES.

ANNEX BHAZARDOUS WASTES FROM SPECIFIC SOURCES.

ANNEX CHAZARDOUS CONSTITUENTS.

ANNEX DACUTELY TOXIC SUBSTANCES.

ANNEX ETOXIC SUBSTANCES.

ANNEX FMAXIMUM CONCENTRATION OF CONTAMINANT FOR LIQUID OBTAINED IN LEACHING PROCEDURE.

ANNEX GSOLUBILIZATION TEST CONCETRATION LIMITS.

ANNEX H (examples )CODING FOR SOME NON HAZARDOUS WASTES.

HAZARDOUS WASTES – CLASS I

A solid waste is a hazardous waste if it exhibitshazard as defined or if it exhibits any of thecharacteristics of hazardous waste as identified inthis standard or it is listed in annex A or B.

NOTE the generator of wastes listed on annex A or B can demonstrate, based on classification report, that his specific waste does not present any hazardous characteristics specified in this standard.

BRAZILIAN NBR 10.004SOLID WASTE CLASSIFICATION

HAZARDOUS WASTES DEFINITION AND LISTING –BASED ON US EPA 40 CODE OF FEDERAL

REGULATIONS40 CFR 260 AND 261 (1988)

ELECTRONIC CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AVAILABLE IN

http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=b30c1f3004214e2cd2767d9cf681af73&mc=true&node=pt40.26.26

1&rgn=div5#se40.26.261_133 -OR JUST GOOGLE - ECFRPART 260 AND ECFRPART 261

PART 260—HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: GENERAL PART 261—IDENTIFICATION AND LISTING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

SOLID WASTE CLASSIFICATION – ANNEX A HAZARDOUS WASTES FROM NON-SPECIFIC SOURCES LIST

SOLID WASTE CLASSIFICATION – ANNEX BHAZARDOUS WASTES FROM

SPECIFIC SOURCES LIST

WASTES CHARACTERISTICS

INGNITABILITYA solid waste exhibits the characteristic of ignitability if a representative sample of the waste has any of the following properties:(1)It is a liquid, ...and has flash point less than 60 °C (140 °F)

(2) It is not a liquid and is capable, under standard temperature and pressure, of causing fire through friction, absorption of moisture or spontaneous chemical changes and, when ignited, burns so vigorously and persistently that it creates a hazard.

(3) It is an ignitable compressed gas.

CORROSIVITYA solid waste exhibits the characteristic of corrosivity if a representative sample of the waste has either of the following properties:

• It is aqueous and has a pH less than or equal to 2 or greater than or equal to 12.5.• It is a liquid and corrodes steel (SAE 1020) at a rate greater than 6.35 mm (0.250 inch) per year

REACTIVITY:

A solid waste exhibits the characteristic of reactivity if a representative sample of the waste has any of the following properties:

(1) It is normally unstable and readily undergoes violent change without detonating.(2) It reacts violently with water.(3) It forms potentially explosive mixtures with water.(4) When mixed with water, it generates toxic gases ..(5) It is a cyanide or sulfide bearing waste ....(6) It is capable of detonation or explosive reaction...(7) It is readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or reaction at standard temperature and pressure.(8) It is a forbidden explosive....

PATOGENICITYA solid waste exhibits the characteristic of patogenicity if a representative sample of the waste has:.... substances or wastes containing viable micro organisms or their toxins which are known or suspected to cause disease in animals or humans...

This definition does not include household wastes nor sewage treatment (municipal wastewater treatment) sludge.Medical wastes have specific classification procedure (RESOLUÇÃO CONAMA Nº 358).

TOXICITYA solid waste shall be listed, and considered to exhibit the characteristic of toxicity, upon determining that a representative sample of the waste meets one of the following criteria:

• It has been found to be fatal to humans in low doses or, in the absence of data on human toxicity, it has been shown in studies to have an oral LD 50 toxicity (rat) of less than 50 milligrams per kilogram, an inhalation LC 50 toxicity (rat) of less than 2 milligrams per liter, or a dermal LD 50 toxicity (rabbit) of less than 200 milligrams per kilogram or is otherwise capable of causing or significantly contributing to an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible, •the extract obtained with the Leaching procedure described on NBR 10.005, from a representative sample of the waste, contains any of the contaminants listed in annex F at a concentration equal to or greater than the respective value given in that table...

Leaching procedure – pH < 5,0 mixing – 18 + 2 hours

Volatiles - ZHE (Zero head space extractor vessel)

non volatiles

NBR 10004 - Annex F MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION OF CONTAMINANT FOR LIQUID OBTAINED IN LEACHING PROCEDURE

Contaminant CAS-Chemical Abstract Substance

Regulatory Levelmg/L

IdentificationCode

Inorganics

....

Arsenic D005 1,0 7440-38-3

Barium D006 70,0 7440-39-3

Mecury D011 0,1 7439-92-1

Pesticides

2,4-D D026 3,0 94-75-7

Endrin D018 0,06 72-20-8

Lindane D022 0,2 58-89-9

Other organics

Hexachlorobenzene D021 0,1 118-74-1

Vinyl chloride D032 0,5 75-01-4

1,2-Dichloroethane D040 1,0 107-06-2

TOXICITY...criteria..

It contains any of the toxic constituents listed in annex C and, taking into the following factors, it is concluded that the waste is toxic as capable of posing a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported or disposed of, or otherwise managed:

(i) The nature of the toxicity presented by the constituent.(ii) The concentration of the constituent in the waste.(iii) The potential of the constituent or any toxic degradation product of the constituent to migrate from the waste into the environment under the types of improper management.(iv) The persistence of the constituent or any toxic degradation product of the ....

NBR 10004 – SOLID WASTES- CLASSIFICATION Annex C

Hazardous Constituents

NBR 10004 – SOLID WASTES- CLASSIFICATION Annex C

Hazardous Constituents

TOXICITY...criteria..

A solid waste constituted of discarded containers is considered a hazardous waste if the container contained or is contaminated with substances from annex D or E

TOXICITY..criteria..

A solid waste constituted of discarded commercial products, off-specification species, spill residues is considered a hazardous waste if they contain any of the substances listed in annex D or E

NBR 10004 – SOLID WASTES – ANNEX DACUTELY TOXIC SUBSTANCES LIST– listed POPs

Identification CodeSubstance

CAS-Chemical Abstract Substance

Aldrin

Dieldrin

Endrin and metabolites

Heptachlor

Toxaphene

P004

P037

P051

P059

P123

309-00-2

60-57-1

72-20-8

76-44-8

8001-35-2

NBR 10004 - Annex E TOXIC SUBSTANCES

Identification codeSubstance

CAS-Chemical Abstract Substance

Chlordane4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-

DDTBenzene, 1,1′-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis[4-chloro-

LindaneCyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-,(1alpha,2alpha,3beta,4alpha,5alpha,6beta)

Benzene, pentachloro-

Mercury

U036

U061

U129

U183

U151

50-29-3

58-89-9

608-93-5

7439-97-6

57-74-9

NBR 10004 - Annex G Limits for solubilizing test

Contaminant Maximum limit on leachate ( mg/L)

Aldrin and dieldrin

Barium

Cadmium

Lead

Chromium - total

Fluoride

Mercury

3,0 x 10-5

0,7

0,005

0,01

0,05

1,5

0,001

HAZARDOUS WASTES FROM NON-SPECIFIC SOURCES

(Annex A – F coded wastes)•Sludge and wastes from production or manufacturing or use or discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra- or pentachlorophenol – F020, F021 and F027

•Other dioxin containing wastes listed: F022, F023, F026 and F028•Petroleum refinery primary oil/water/solids separation sludge -F037 and F038

•Asbestos F041

•Lead based batteries F042

•Discarded vapour mercury lamps F044•PCBs containing wastes F100•Oily wastes F130, F230, F330 and F430

SOLID WASTES- NBR 10004/2004

ANNEX C - Hazardous Constituents

POPs - listed unintended by-products

substance CAScommon name Chemical Abstract

Substance…Octachlorodibenzofuran(OCDF) 39001-02-0Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) 3268-87-9

Waste characterization procedure guidelines

Pre‐characterizationbased on known origin and considering :

– data bank– raw materials and products – main waste constituents – potential pollutants(substances from NBR 10004’s Annex C, POPs, controlled materials)

Analysis, parameters, tests, and determination purposes ( legislation compliance – disposal ‐...)

example: Foundryraw materialcooper zinc coal

– Caracterização de resíduos- Elvira Lídia Straus

scrap

Cooper scrap powdered cooper scrap

wastes generated

Contaminated soilsand

unknown originwastes

sampling – sampling plan collection point, sample type, sample number, preservation... 

simple samplecompound sample‐ quartering

Classification report NBR 10004

a classification report could be based exclusively on origin identification, for specific source and non‐specific source wastes listed on annex A or B. classification report has to include waste origin, segregation process and criteria for analysis if laboratory determinations, tests and analysis results are provided.

classification procedure comments

• is the origin – known?• is the waste presumpted as hazardous waste?• is the waste listed? (specific or non-specific sources) – codes F or K • is the waste a commercial discarded product or an empty container of any

substance listed in Annex D or E?• is the waste a mixture of a listed hazardous waste?• does the waste exhibits any of the hazardous characteristics: flammability,

corrosivity, reactivity, pathogenicity or toxicity• is the waste a known hazardous waste?• which are the hazard characteristics of the waste? • is generator interested in determining if the nonhazardous waste is inert?

GENERATOR RESPONSIBILITIES

• IDENTIFICATION OF ALL WASTES GENERATED

QuantifyCharacterizeClassify

• MANAGE WASTES ACCORDING TO A COLLECTION, HANDLING AND STORAGE SYSTEM PLAN THAT MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND CONTAMINATION RISKS

• TRANSPORT AND DISPOSE WASTES IN COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL AGENCY REGULATIONS IN APPROVED WASTE DISPOSAL SITES

WASTE TRACKING

image source http://ww.gov.bc.ca

WASTE MANAGEMENTSEGREGATION

• MAGNIFIES THE WASTE QUALITY CONTRIBUTING TO THE POTENTIAL RECOVERY AND RECYCLING OF WASTES STREAMS; • CROSS CONTAMINATION OF DIFFERENT WASTES AND INCOMPATIBLE WASTES MIXTURE AND UNDESIRABLE EFFECTS CAN BE AVOIDED; • REDUCES WASTE VOLUME FOR TREATMENT OR DISPOSAL;• CAN BE IMPLEMENTED IN SHORT TERM .

UNAPPROPRIATE WASTE STORAGE

WASTE STORAGE IDENTIFICATION

Collector

Mercury : G collectors examples

Source: IBP

thermometers collector

Source: Paulo Fernandes - SDM do Brasil

TRANSPORTATION of POPs CONTAINING WASTE -

POPs

7. HANDLING AND STORAGE7.1 Precautions for safe handlingAvoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vaporsor mist. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilitiesStore in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dryand well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage7.3 Specific end usesno data available

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

TREATMENT

• Hazardous characteristics• Physical properties • Chemical characteristics• Biological characteristics

WASTE TREATMENT

PURPOSES:

• HAZARDOUS POLLUTANT ELIMINATION OR REDUCTION – example – triple washing for empty pesticide containers

• PRE-TREATMENT FOR MEETING LANDFILL DISPOSAL REQUIREMENTS –example – dewatering wastes –( liquid wastes – both hazardous or non-hazardous are not accepted in landfill);

• RECOVERABLE MATERIAL SEPARATION – examples - lubricating oil treatment for oil recovery, solvent extraction

Waste treatment examplesVolume reduction techniques -Evaporating basins

typical bulb eater

Filters

Bulb eater - operator with EPI

lamps receiving procedure

- unpacking - counting - storage

controlled breaking

Source – site: Apliquim Brasil Recicle

Component separation: metal- glass,

mercury powder

Mercury recovery Thermal Desmercurization –Mercury Distillation

Atmospheric emissions control

LABORATORY WASTES TREATMENT REFERENCES

bibliography - chemical Products Treatment

ARMOUR, M. A. (1991) Hazardous Laboratory Disposal Guide, Boca Raton. CRC Press, 464p.•THE INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION INSTITUTE. (1979) Handling and Disposal Manual for Toxic and Hazardous Industrial Chemicals with Toxicity and Hazard Data, Japan.•LEARN, G.; SANSONE E.B. Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory. John Wiley International.•CETESB. Manual de Produtos Químicos – no site de Emergencias Quimicas (chemical emergencies site).

ELVIRA LIDIA STRAUS

E-MAIL – elvstraus@yahoo.comTel 55 11 992462257