Grammar books

Sofía Thompson1st

Table of Contents

• Preterit• Trigger Words Preterit • Car, Gar, Zar• Spock Verbs• Snake and Snakey• Cucaracha• Imperfect• Tigger Words Imperfect• Irregulars• Preterit vs. Imperfect• Ser vs. Estar

• Verbs like Gustar• Comparatives/Superlatives• Transition Words• Future• Trigger Words Future• Irregulars• Por• Para

é í

aste iste

ó ió

amos imos

asteis isteis

aron ieron

• For actions that can be viewed as single events

• For actions that were repeated a specific number

of times

• For actions that occurred during a specific period

of time

• For actions that were part of a chain of events

• To state the beginning or the end of an action

• Completed actions

• Express beginning/end of a completed action

• Narrate a series of past actions/events

AR ER/IR

anoche

ayer

ante ayerun día Hace __ que__

el __ pasado

una vez

el mes pasado

el martes

a las ocho

-CAR changes to qué-GAR changes to gué-ZAR changes to cé

NOTE: ONLY CHANGES IN THE YO FOURM!

jugué jugamos

jugaste jugasteis

jugó jugaron

jugar

busqué buscamos

buscaste buscasteis

buscó buscaron

almorcé almorzamos

almorzaste almorzasteis

almorzó almorzaron

buscar almorzar

Ir/Ser

Dar/Ver

Hacer

fui

fuiste

fue

fuimos

fueron

hice

hiciste

hizo

hicimos

hicieron

di vi

diste viste

dio vio

dimos vimos

dieron vieron

Stem changers in usted and ustedescan change e ~ i or o ~u

Need to have “y” in the usted and ustedes

leí leimos

leiste

leyó leyeron

dormí dormimos

dormiste

durmio duermieron

andarestarpoderponerquerersabertenervenirconducirproducirtraducirdecirtraer

anduv-estuv-pud-pus-quis-sup-tuv-vin-conduj-produj-traduj-dij-traj- } eron* in the

ellos/ellas/ustedes fourm

e

iste

o

imos

ieron

endings

aba ía

abas ías

aba ía

ábamos íamos

abais íais

aban ían

AR ER/IR• For actions that were repeated habitually

• For actions that “set the stage” for another past action• For telling time• For stating one’s age• For mental states (usually)• For physical sensations (usually)• To describe the characteristics of people, things, or conditions

a veces

a menudo

de vez en cuando

mientas

muchas veces

los lunes

cada días

todos los días

frecuentemente

siempre

iba

ibas

iba

íbamos

ibais

ibanera

eras

era

éramos

erais

eran

veía

veías

veía

veíamos

veíais

veían

Ir

Ser

Ver

• Has a definite ending• Has a beginning/ending• The most recent past• Perfected time• Interrupting action• Snapshot

• The distant past• No definite ending or beginning • Imperfected time• Continuous action• Movie

HELPING

health

emotions

location

present condition

} -ando-endo-yendo

DOCTORPED

description

origin

characteristics

time

occupation

relationship

possession

events

dates

• Singular form used when infinitive form of verb follows• Often used in the conditional (would, should, could) to soften request • Use with pronouns : Me

TeLeNosLes

aburrir

encantar

faltar

fascinar

importar

interesar

molestar

quedardoler

disgustar

preocupar

apetecer

más (adjective) queel/la más (adjective) de

menos (adjective) queel/la menos (adjective) de

Irregulars:

bueno ~ mejorviejo ~ mayormalo ~ peorjoven ~ menor

With numbers:

más de or menos de with number

tan (adjective) como

******* must use adjective after tan!!

NOTE: Do not need adjective with these

aunque even though

también also

mientras while

a pesar de in spite of

pero but

por lo tanto therefore

sin embargo/no obstante nevertheless

infinitive + é infinitive + emos

infinitive + ás infinitive +éis

infinitive + á infinitive + án

• All verbs use the same endings• Must include the inifinitive of the verb with the appropriate ending

mañana

proximo día

dos horas

decir dir

hacer har

poner pondr

salir saldr

tener tendr

valer valdr

venir vendr

poder podr

querer querr

saber sabr

caber cabr

haber habr

hay habrá

NOTE: Use with the same endings as regular future tense verbs

• Passing through (PORtal)• General rather than specific location (PORtugal)• How long something lasts (PORever)• the cause of something (PORpuse)•an exchange (imPORt/exPORt)• doing something in place of or instead of something else (I’m POR, pay POR me)• a means of transportation (transPORtation)

• For whom something is done (surprise PARAty)• Destination (PARAguy)• The purpose for which something is done (PARAsites)• To express an opinion (PARAdon me)• To contrast or compare • To express idea of a deadline (PARAmedic)