Español 3 Grammar Book

Bruno Peters

Table of Contents

1. El Preterito2. Preterite Triggers3. Cars, Gars, y Zars4. Spock Verbs5. Snake and Snakey Verbs6. Cucharacha Irregulars7. El Imperfecto8. Imperfect Triggers9. Imperfect Irregulars10. Preterite vs. Imperfect11. Verbs like Gustar

12. Comparativos y suerlativos13. Comparative/superlative

Irregulars14. Estar15. Ser16. Transition Words17. El Futuro18. Future Triggers19. Future Irregulars20. Por21. Para

Preterito

• Has a definite time in the past

• Has a beginning or ending

• The most recent past

• Shows interruption

• Perfected time

-ar verbs– e, aste, o, amos, aron

-er verbs-- I, iste, io, imos, ieron

-ir verbs– I, iste, io, imos, ieron

Trigger Words

• Ayer

• Ante Ayer

• anoche,

• En el ano pasado

• Hace time que + conjugated verb

Cars, Gars, y Zars

Car–que, caste, co, camos, caron

Gar–gue, gaste, go, gamos, garon

Zar–ce, zaste, zo, zamos, zaron

Spock Verbs

Spock Verbs

Ir

SerDar

Ver

Hacer

Snake and Snakey Verbs

• Both only change in third person.

• Snake: e>i,o>u

• Snakey: i>y, e>y

Cucharacha Verbs

• Andar- aduv

• Estar- estuv

• Poder- pud

• Poner- pus

• Querer- quis

• Saber- sup

• Tener- tuv

• Venir- vin

• Conducir- conduj

• Producir- produj

• Traducir- traduj

• Decir- dij

• -e, -iste, -o, -isteis, -ieron

El Imperfecto

• The very distant past

• Indicates a continuous action

• Imperfected time

• -ar verbs– aba, abas, aba, abamos, abais, aban

• -er/-ir verbs– ia, ias, ia, iamos, iais, ian.

Imperfect Triggers

• Frcuentamente

• Muchas veces

• Siempre

• Los Lunes

• A veces

• Cada dia

• A menudo

• Todos los dias

• De vez encuando

• mientras

Imperfect Irregulars

IR Ser Ver

iba Era Veia

Ibas Eras Veis

Iba Era Veia

Ibamos Eramos Veiamos

ibais Erais Veis

iban Eran veian

Preterite vs. Imperfect

• A definite time in the past

• Has a beginning and or ending

• The most recent past

• Perfected time

Preterite

• Very distant past

• No beginning or ending

• Imperfected timeImperfect

Verbs like Gustar

• Molestar

• Fascinar

• Caer

• Aburrir

• Faltar

• Quedar

• Supendar

• Preocupar

• Apetecer

• Doler

Comparativos y Superlativos

Mas Adjectivo Que

Menos Adjectivo Que

Comparative/Superlative Irregulars

Bueno

• Mejor

Malo

• Peor

Viejo

• Mayor

Joven

• Menor

These four comparatives/superlatives are irregular.

Estar

Estar

(to be)

Health

Location

Present Condition

Emotion

Ser

• Description• Origin• Characteristics• Time• Occupation• Relationship• Possesion• Event• Date

Transition Words

A pesar de In spite of Aunque eventhough

Mientras while Pero but

Por lo tanto thereforeSin

embargo/ no obstante

nevertheless

El Futuro

• i/you/he/she/we/they/they all will

• Infintive + ending

• -ar –er and –ir

e

as

a

emos

en

Future Trigger Words

• El próximo- día, semana, ano, hora etc..

• Mañana

Future Irregulars

• Caber - cabr

• Decir- dir

• Haber- habr

• Hacer- har

• Hay- habra

• Poder- podr

• Poner- ponr

• Querer- querr

• Saber- sabr

• Salir- saldr

• Tener- tendr

Por

• Passing through- PORtal

• General rather than specific location- PORtugal

• How long something lasts- PORever

• The cause of something- PORpuse

• An exchange- imPORt/exPORt

• Doing something for someone- im POR pay for me

• A means of transportation- transPORtation

Para

• For whom something is done- surpirse PARAtay

• Destination- PARAguay

• The puropse for which something is done-PARAsites

• To express an opinion- PARAdon me but

• To contrast or compare.