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2009gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis katastrofis Semcirebis saerTaSoriso strategiis saagentos (ISDR) terminologia
katastrofis riskis Semcirebis Sesaxeb
gaerTianebuli erebi
gamoqveynebulia gaerTianebuli erebis or-
ganizaciis katastrofis Semcirebis saerTa-
Soriso strategiis saagentos (UNISDR) mierJeneva, Sveicaria, 2009 wlis maisi
© gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia, 2009
© gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis
katastrofis Semcirebis saerTaSoriso
strategiis saagento (UNISDR), 2009yvela ufleba daculia
winamdebare publikaciidan citatebis amoReba
da misi xelaxla dabeWdva Tavisuflad SeiZle-
ba, magram wyaros miTiTeba aucilebelia.
UNISDR am publikaciis reproduqcias da
Targmnas miesalmeba. dokumentis gamoqveynebis
an gadaTargmnis SemTxvevaSi misi erTi asli
UNISDR-s aucileblad unda gadaegzavnos.
terminologia inglisur enaze, aseve misi
Targmanebi arabul, Cinur, frangul, rusul
da espnur enebze xelmisawvdomia UNISDR-s
veb-gverdze Semdeg misamarTze:
www.unisdr.org/publicationsPreventionWeb-ze
www.preventionweb.net
2009gaerTianebuli
erebis organizaciis
katastrofis
Semcirebis
saerTaSoriso
strategiis saagentos
(ISDR) terminologia
katastrofis riskis
Semcirebis Sesaxeb
4
`gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis riskis
Semcirebis saerTaSoriso strategiis (UNISDR) terminologiis~ mizania erTnairad iqnas gage-
buli da damkvidrdes katastrofebis riskis
Semcirebis cnebebi, aseve xeli Seewyos maT
erTgvarovnad gamoyenebas da mxari daeWiros
katastrofis riskis Semcirebis Zalisxme-
vas uflebamosili pirebis, praqtikosebis da
sazogadoebis mier. wina versia: `terminolo-
gia: ZiriTadi terminebi katastrofis riskis
Semcirebis Sesaxeb~ 2004 wels gamoqveynda
`cxovreba riskiT: katastrofis riskis Semci-
rebis iniciativebis globaluri mimoxilva~.
momdevno wels, 2005-2015 ww `hiogos samoqmedo
CarCo-programiT~ UNISDR-is mimarT gakeTda
moTxovna: `katastrofis riskis Semcirebas-
Tan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso standar-
tuli terminologiis ganaxleba da farTod
gavrceleba, sul mcire, gaerTianebuli erebis
organizaciis yvela oficialur enaze, pro-
gramuli da institucionaluri ganviTarebis,
operaciebis, kvlevebis, saswavlo gegmebisa da
sazogadoebis informirebulobis programebSi
gamoyenebis mizniT~.
2009 wlis versia UNISDR-is mxridan mimdinare
ganxilvis procesis, aseve, sxvadasxva saerTa-
Soriso Sexvedrebze, regionul diskusiebsa da
erovnul garemoSi mTel rig eqspertebsa da
praqtikosebTan gamarTuli konsultaciebis
Sedegia. terminebi ukve erT winadadebaSia
ganmartebuli. TiToeul terminTan asoci-
rebuli komentarebis abzaci am ganmartebis
nawils ar warmoadgens, aramed mxolod dama-
tebiTi konteqstis, kvalifikaciis da axsna-
ganmartebis uzrunvelsayofad aris mocemuli.
unda aRiniSnos, rom es terminebi urTierT-
gamomricxavi namdvilad ar aris da zog SemT-
xvevaSi maTi mniSvnelobebi SeiZleba erTmaneTs
gadafaravdes kidec.
5
terminologia gadaisinja, raTa masSi Sesu-
liyo is sityvebi, rac centraluri mniSvnelo-
bisaa Tanamedrove gagebisTvis da katastrofis
riskis Semcirebis ganviTarebadi praqtikis-
Tvis, Tumca, amoRebul iqna sityvebi, romelT-
ac leqsikonis Tanaxmad erTi da igive mniSvn-
eloba gaaCniaT.
aseve mocemulia mTeli rigi axlad SemoRebu-
li cnebebi, romlebic farTod ar gamoiyeneba,
magram profesiul garemoSi TandaTan ufro
mkvidrdeba; aRniSnuli terminebi varskvlaviT
(*) aris aRniSnuli da maTi mniSvneloba SeiZle-
ba momavalSi ufro daixvewos. `terminologi-
is~ 2009 wlis inglisurenovan versiaSi moce-
mulia safuZveli terminologiis sxva enebze
momzadebisaTvis. samomavlo gadasinjvisTvis
mivesalmebiT komentarebs da SemoTavazebebs,
romlebic UNISDR-s unda gadaugzavnoT
(see www.unisdr.org).
6
misaRebi riski 10 (Acceptable Risk)
adaptacia 10 (Adaptation)
biologiuri safrTxe 11 (Biological Hazarad)
samSeneblo kodeqsi 11 (Building Code)
potenciali 12
(Capacity)
potencialis ganviTareba 12 (Capacity Development)
klimatis cvalebadoba 13 (Climate Change)
gansakuTrebuli dagegmva 14 (Contingency Planning)
katastrofebTan brZolis potenciali 14 (Coping Capacity)
katastrofis riskis koreqciuli marTva * 15 (Corrective Disaster Risk Management)
kritikuli mniSvnelobis Senobebi 15 (Critical Facilities)
katastrofa 15 (Disaster)
katastrofis riski 16 (Disaster Risk)
terminebi
7
katastrofis riskis marTva 17 (Disaster Risk Managment)
katastrofis riskis Semcireba 17 (Disaster Risk Reduction)
katastrofis riskis Semcirebis gegma* 18 (Disaster Risk Reduction Plan)
adreuli Setyobinebis sistema 19 (Early Warning System)
ekosistemis samsaxurebi 19 (Ecosystem Services)
el ninio – samxreT oscilaciis fenomeni 20 (El Nino-Southern Oscillation Phenomenon)
sagangebo mdgomareobis marTva 20 (Emergency Management)
sagangebo mdgomareobis samsaxurebi 21 (Emergency Services)
garemos degradacia 22 (Environmental Degradation)
ekologiuri zegavlenis Sefaseba 22 (Environmental Impact Assessment)
riskis winaSe dgoma 23 (Exposure)
mravalmxrivi riski* 23 (Extensive Risk)
prognozi 24 (Forecast)
8
geologiuri safrTxe 24 (Geological Hazard)
saTburis airebi 24 (Greenhouse Gases)
safrTxe 25 (Hazard)
hidrometeorologiuri safrTxe 26 (Hydrometeorological Hazard)
intensiuri riski* 26 (Intensive Risk)
miwis gamoyenebis dagegmareba 27 (Land Use Planning)
Semsubuqeba 28 (Mitigation)
katastrofis riskis Semcirebis erovnuli
platforma 28 (National Platform For Disaster Risk Reduction)
bunebrivi safrTxe 29 (Natural Hazard)
mzaoba 29
(Preparedness)
prevencia 30 (Prevention)
katastrofis perspeqtiuli riskis marTva* 31 (Prospective Disaster Risk Managment)
sazogadoebis informirebuloba 31 (Public Awareness)
aRdgena 32 (Recovery)
9
narCeni (arasistematuri) riski 32 (Residual Risk)
gamZleoba da mdgradoba 33 (Resilience)
reagireba 33 (Response)
modernizeba 34 (Retrofi tting)
riski 34 (Risk)
riskis Sefaseba 35 (Risk Assessment)
riskis marTva 36 (Risk Management)
riskis gadatana (transferi) 36 (Risk Transfer)
socio-bunebrivi safrTxe* 37 (Socio-Natural Hazard)
struqturuli da arastruqturuli zomebi 38 (Structural and Non-Structural Measures)
mdgradi ganviTareba 38 (Sustainable Development)
teqnologiuri safrTxe 39 (Technological Hazard)
daucveloba 40 (Vulnerability)
10
misaRebi riski (Acceptable Risk)
potenciuri danakargis is done, rac misaRebia
sazogadoebisTvis an TemisTvis, arsebuli so-
cialuri, ekonomikuri, politikuri, kulturuli,
teqnikuri da ekologiuri pirobebis gaTva lis-
winebiT.
komentari: sainJinro gagebiT, misaRebi riski aseve
gamoiyeneba iseTi struqturuli da arastruqtu-
ruli zomebis Sefasebis da gansazRvrisaTvis, rac
saWiroa adamianebis, Senobebis, momsaxurebebis da
sistemebisadmi SesaZlo zianis SemcirebisaTvis
arCeul da misaReb donemde, kodeqsebis an `miRe-
buli praqtikis~ Sesabamisad, romelic riskis cno-
bil albaTobebs da sxva faqtorebs efuZneba.
adaptacia (Adaptation)
bunebrivi an adamianuri sistemebis morgeba faq-
tobriv an mosalodnel klimatur stimulebze,
an maT efeqtebze reagirebisTvis, rac zians am-
subuqebs an xelsayrel SesaZleblobebs gamoav-
lens.
komentari: aRniSnuli ganmarteba klimatis cva-
lebadobis mosazrebebs exeba da mis wyaros `kli-
matis cvalebadobaze gaerTianebuli erebis CarCo
konvenciis samdivno~ (UNFCCC) warmoadgens. adap-
taciis ufro farTo cneba aseve exeba araklima-
tur faqtorebs, rogoricaa niadagis erozia an
zedapiris daweva. adaptacia SeiZleba moxdes av-
tonomiurad, mag. bazris cvlilebebis, an adaptaci is
dagegmili politikebis an gegmebis Sedegad.
katastrofis riskis Semcirebis bevrma zomam
SeiZleba pirdapir Seitanos wvlili ukeTes adapta-
ciaSi.
11
biologiuri safrTxe (Biologocal Hazard)
organuli warmoSobis, an biologiuri veqtorebiT
ganpirobebuli procesi an fenomeni, rac paTo-
genuri mikroorganizmebis riskis winaSe dgomas
moicavs. toqsinebi da bioaqtiuri nivTierebebi,
romlebmac SeiZleba gamoiwvios sikvdili, da-
zianeba, daavadeba an sxva gavlena moaxdinos
janmrTelobaze, gamoiwvios Senobebis dazianeba,
saarsebo wyaros da momsaxurebebis dakargva,
soci aluri da ekonomikuri moSliloba an ekolo-
giuri ziani.
komentari: biologiuri safrTxeebis magaliTebSi
Sedis epidemiuri daavadebebis afeTqeba, mcenare-
ebis gziT an cxovelebidan gadamdebi daavadebebi,
mwerebis an sxva cxovelebiT gamowveuli Savi Wiri
da invaziebi.
samSeneblo kodeqsi (Building Code)
brZanebulebebis an regulaciebis da asocirebuli
standartebis erToblioba, romlis mizania diza-
inis, mSeneblobis, masalebis, im struqturebis
dakavebulobis da cvlilebebis gakontroleba,
romlebic aucilebelia adamianebis usafrTxoebis
da keTildReobis uzrunvelsayofad, rac dangre-
visa da zianisadmi gamZleobas moicavs.
komentari: samSeneblo kodeqsebi rogorc teq-
nikur, aseve funqciur standartebsac SeiZleba
moicavdes. isini saerTaSoriso gamocdilebas
unda iziarebdes da erovnul, aseve adgilobriv
garemoebebs miesadagebodes. Sesrulebis siste-
maturi reJimi kritikuli mniSvnelobis damatebiT
moTxovnas warmoadgens samSeneblo kodeqsis efeq-
turi ganxorcielebisTvis.
12
potenciali (Capacity)
TemSi, sazogadoebasa Tu organizaciaSi arsebuli
yvela Zlieri mxaris, maxasiaTebeli Tvisebis da
resursis kombinacia, romelTa gamoiyenebac Se-
iZleba SeTanxmebuli miznebis misaRwevad.
komentari: potenciali SeiZleba moicavdes in-
frastruqturas da fizikur saSualebebs, insti-
tuciebs, sazogadoebaSi arsebul gamklavebis
SesaZleblobebs, aseve adamianTa codnas, unarebs
da koleqtiur Tvisebebs, rogoricaa socialuri
urTierTobebi, lideroba da menejmenti. poten-
ciali SeiZleba aseve aRweril iqnas rogorc Sesa-
Zlebloba. potencialis Sefaseba aris procesis
aRmniSvneli termini, romlis meSveobiTac jgufis
potenciali ganixileba sasurveli miznebis mimarT
da sadac potencialTan dakavSirebuli naklovane-
bebia gamovlenili Semdgomi reagirebisaTvis.
potencialis ganviTareba
(Capacity Development)
procesi, romlis meSveobiT adamianebi, orga-
nizaciebi da sazogadoeba sistematurad axdens
Tavisi potencialis stimulirebas da ganviTarebas
drois ganmavlobaSi, socialuri da ekonomikuri
miznebis misaRwevad, rac codnis, unarebis, siste-
mebis da instituciebis gaumjobesebas moicavs.
komentari: potencialis ganviTareba SesaZle-
blobis ganviTarebis ganmavrcobeli cnebaa, raTa
man droTa ganmavlobaSi potencialis zrdis daw-
yebis da SenarCunebis yvela aspeqti moicvas. is
sxvadasxva tipis treningebis meSveobiT swavlas,
magram aseve uwyvet Zalisxmevas moicavs insti-
tuciebis, politikuri cnobierebis, finansuri
resursebis da teqnologiis sistemebis gansavi-
Tareblad, aseve ufro farTo socialuri da kul-
turuli Zlieri garemos SeqmnisaTvis.
13
klimatis cvalebadoba (Climate Change)
(a) mTavrobaTaSorisi sabWo klimatis cvalebado-
bis sakiTxebze (IPCC) klimatis cvalebadobas
Semdegnairad ganmartavs: `klimatis mdgomare-
obis cvlileba, romlis identifikaciac Sei-
Zleba (mag. statistikuri testebis meSveobiT)
saSualo maCveneblebSi momxdari cvlilebebis,
an/da misi Tvisebebis cvalebadobiT, aseve rac
xangrZliv periodSi midinareobs tipobrivad,
dekadebis an ufro meti xnis manZilze. klima-
tis cvalebadoba Sida bunebrivi procesebis,
gare Zalebis mizeziT, an atmosferosa Tu mi-
waTsargeblobis kompoziciaSi momxdari ganu-
wyveteli anTropogenuli cvlilebebis gamo
SeiZleba moxdes.
(b) gaerTianebuli erebis CarCo konvencia klima-
tis cvalebadobis Sesaxeb (UNFCCC) klimatis
cvalebadobas Semdegnairad ganmartavs: `kli-
matis cvlileba, romelic pirdapir an iribad
gamowveulia adamianis qmedebiT da rac glo-
baluri atmosferos Semadgenlobas cvlis,
aseve, romelic emateba bunebrivi klimatis
cvalebadobas, rac drois Sedarebad peri-
odebSi xdeba~.
komentari: katastrofis riskis Semcirebis
miznebisTvis orive es ganmarteba SeiZleba Ses-
aferisi iyos, konkretuli konteqstidan gamom-
dinare. UNFCCC-s ganmarteba ufro SezRudulia,
radgan is bunebrivi mizezebiT gamowveul klima-
tis cvalebadobas gamoricxavs. IPCC-is ganmarte-
ba SeiZleba ufro popularuli komunikaciisTvis
Semdegi formulirebiT gamoiTqvas: `klimatis
cvlileba, romelic dekadebis an ufro didi peri-
odis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba da rac bunebrivi
mizezebiT, an adamianis qmedebis Sedegad aris
gamowveuli~.
14
gansakuTrebuli dagegmva
(Contingency Planning)
marTvis procesi, romlis meSveobiTac konkre-
tuli potenciuri movlenebi, an SesaZlo situ-
aciebi gaanalizdeba, ramac SeiZleba safrTxe
Seuqmnas sazogadoebas an garemos da romelic
winaswar gansazRvravs zomebs amgvar movlenebsa
da situaciebze drouli, efeqturi da Sesabamisi
reagirebisTvis.
komentari: gansakuTrebuli dagegmvis Sedegia or-
ganizebuli da koordinirebuli qmedebebi, sadac
naTladaa dadgenili instituciuri funqciebi
da resursebi, informaciasTan dakavSirebuli
procesebi da saoperacio zomebi konkretuli
aqti orebisTvis saWiroebis dros. katastrofuli
movlenebis, an SesaZlo sagangebo mdgomareobis
scenarebis safuZvelze, misi meSveobiT mTavar
aqti orebs SeuZliaT gaiTvaliswinon, moelodon
da gadaWran problemebi, rac krizisis dros Se-
iZleba warmoiSvas. gansakuTrebuli dagegmva saerTo
mzaobis mniSvnelovani nawilia. gansakuTrebuli geg-
mebi regularulad unda ganaxldes da gamoicados.
katastrofebTan brZolis potenciali
(Coping Capacity)
adamianebis, organizaciebis da sistemebis
SesaZlebloba, rom xelT arsebuli unarebis da
resursebis gamoyenebiT win aRudgnen saziano an
sagangebo mdgomareobebs Tu katastrofebs da
marTon isini.
komentari: gamklavebis SesaZlebloba uwyvet
informirebulobas, resursebs da karg mene-
jments moiTxovs rogorc normalur dros, aseve
krizisebis an zianismomtani mdgomareobebis
dadgomisas. gamklavebis SesaZleblobebs wvlili
Seaqvs katastrofebis riskebis SemcirebaSi.
15
katastrofis riskis koreqciuli marTva * (Corrective Disaster Risk Reduction)
menejeruli saqmianoba, romelic ukve damdgari
katastrofebis riskebs exeba da mis koreqciaze, an
Semcirebaze zrunavs.
komentari: aRniSnuli cnebis mizania ukve damdga-
ri riskebi im riskebisgan gamijnos, romelTac
marTva da Semcireba axla sWirdebaT, aseve gansx-
vaveba gakeTdes perspeqtiuli riskebisgan, rom-
lebic momavalSi SeiZleba ganviTardes, Tu riskis
Semcirebis politikebi ganxorcielebuli ar iq-
neba. ixileT aseve perspeqtiuli riskis marTva.
kritikuli mniSvnelobis Senobebi
(Critical Facilities)
pirveladi daniSnulebis fizikuri Senobebi, teq-
ni kuri nagebobebi an sistemebi, romlebic soci-
aluri, ekonomikuri an operaciuli TvalsazrisiT
aucilebelia sazogadoebis an Temis funqciobis-
Tvis rogorc rutinul viTarebebSi, aseve sagange-
bo mdgomareobebis eqstremalur garemoSi.
komentari: kritikuli mniSvnelobis Senobebi in-
frastruqturis elementebia, romelic mxars uWers
aucilebel samsaxurebs sazogadoebaSi. maTSi Sedis:
satransporto sistemebi, aeroportebi da portebi,
eleqtrogayvaniloba, wylis da komunikaciis siste-
mebi, saavadmyofoebi da jandacvis klinikebi, aseve
saxanZroebi, policia da saxelmwifo marTvis samsa-
xurebi.
katastrofa (Disaster)
Temis an sazogadoebis funqciobis seriozuli
moSla, rac farTomasStabian adamianur, materi-
16
alur, ekonomikur an ekologiur zarals, an maTze
zegavlenas moicavs, romelic dazaralebuli
Temis an sazogadoebis SesaZleblobas aRemateba
sakuTari resursebiT amgvari mdgomareobis da-
ZlevisTvis.
komentari: katastrofebs xSirad aRweren rogorc
Semdegi elementebis kombinaciis Sedegs: saSiS-
roebis riskis winaSe dgoma; mocemul dros arse-
buli daucvelobis mdgomareoba da arasakmarisi
SesaZlebloba an zomebi potenciuri uaryofiTi
Sedegebis Semcirebis an maTi gamklavebisTvis. katastrofis Sedegi SeiZleba iyos: sicocxlis da-
kargva, dazianeba, daavadeba an sxva saziano Sede-
gebi adamianebis fizikur, fsiqikur da socialur
keTildReobaze, Senobebis dazianebasTan, Seno-
bebis dangrevasTan, momsaxurebis dakargvasTan,
socialur da ekonomikur moSlilobasTan, aseve
garemos degradaciasTan erTad.
katastrofis riski (Disaster Risk)
katastrofiT gamowveuli potenciuri danakargi,
rogoricaa sicocxleebis, janmrTelobis mdgo-
mareobis, saarsebo wyaroebis, Senobebis an mom-
saxurebebis dakargva, rac SeiZleboda romelime
Temsa Tu sazogadoebaSi momxdariyo momavlis
romelime mocemul periodSi.
komentari: katastrofis riskis ganmarteba
katastrofebis cnebas asaxavs rogorc riskis
uwyvetad arsebuli pirobebis Sedegs. katastro-
fis riski potenciuri danakargebis sxvadasxva
tipebisgan Sedgeba, romelTa raodenobrivi saxiT
warmodgena xSirad rTulia xolme. miuxedavad
amisa, moWarbebuli safrTxeebis Sesaxeb arsebuli
codniT, aseve mosaxleobis da socio-ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis maxasiaTeblebiT, katastrofebis
riskebi SeiZleba Sefasdes da rukis saxiT gamo i sa-
xos, sul mcire, farTo masStabebiT.
17
katastrofis riskis marTva
(Disaster Risk Management)
administraciuli direqtivebis, organizaciebis
da saoperacio unarebis Tu SesaZleblobebis
gamoyenebis sistematuri procesi strategiebis
da politikebis gansaxorcieleblad, aseve gam-
klavebis SesaZleblobebis gaumjobesebisTvis,
safrTxeebis uaryofiTi zegavlenis da katastro-
fis SesaZleblobis Semcirebis mizniT.
komentari: aRniSnuli termini ufro zogadi ter-
minis `riskis marTva~ gavrcobas warmoadgens
katastrofebis riskebis specifikuri sakiTxebis
gadaWrasTan dakavSirebiT. katastrofis riskis
marTvis mizania Tavidan aicilos, Seamciros an
gadaitanos safrTxeebis uaryofiTi efeqtebi pre-
venciis, Semsubuqebis da mzaobis RonisZiebebiT,
aseve maTTan dakavSirebuli zomebis meSveobiT.
katastrofis riskis Semcireba
(Disaster Risk Reduction)
katastrofis riskebis Semcirebis cneba da misi
gamoyeneba sistematuri Zalisxmevis meSveobiT,
katastrofebis gamomwvevi faqtorebis anali-
zisa da marTvisTvis. am saSualebebSi aseve Sedis
safrTxeebis riskis winaSe dgomis Semcireba, ada-
mianebis Tu Senobebis ufro naklebi daucveloba,
aseve miwis da garemos ufro gonivruli marTva da
saziano movlenebisadmi mzaobis gaumjobeseba.
komentari: katastrofebis riskebis Semcirebis
mimarT erTiani midgoma mocemulia gaerTianebuli
erebis organizaciis mier 2005 wels miRebul
`hiogos samoqmedo CarCo-programaSi~, romlis mo-
salodneli Sedegia `katastrofebis Sedegad miye-
nebuli zaralis arsebiTi Semcireba, sicocxlis,
Temebis Tu qveynebis socialuri, ekonomikuri da
garemosdacviTi aqtivebis mimarT~.
18
katastrofis Semcirebis saerTaSoriso strategiis
saagentos (ISDR) sistemaSi mocemulia mTavrobebs,
organizaciebs da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis aqtiur
warmomadgenlebs Soris TanamSromlobis meqanizmi
`CarCo-programis~ ganxorcielebis mxardasaWe-
rad. yuradReba miaqcieT, rom maSin, roca zogjer
gamo yenebulia termini `katastrofis Semcireba~,
termin Si `katastrofis riskis Semcireba~ ufro
kargad aris aRiarebuli katastrofebis riskebis
mimdinare buneba da aseve mocemul droSi arsebuli
potenci ali aRniSnuli riskebis Sesamcireblad.
katastrofis riskis Semcirebis gegma * (Disaster Risk Reduction Plan)
dokumenti, romelic uwyebis, seqtoris, organi-
zaciis an sawarmos mier aris momzadebuli da sa-
dac mocemulia miznebi da specifikuri amocanebi
katastrofebis riskebis SemcirebisTvis, aRniS-
nuli miznebis miRwevasTan dakavSirebul qmede-
bebTan erTad.
komentari: katastrofis riskis Semcirebis
gegmebi `hiogos CarCo-programiT~ unda xelm-
ZRvanelobdes. isini aseve gaTvaliswinebuli da
koordinirebuli unda iyos ganviTarebis Sesabamis
gegmebSi, resursebis gadanawilebasa da program-
ul RonisZiebebSi.
erovnul doneze arsebuli gegmebi administraci-
uli valdebulebis TiToeuli donisTvis specifi-
kuri unda iyos da arsebul sxvadasxva socialur
Tu geografiul garemoebebs unda moergos. gan-
xorcielebis mimarT arsebuli pasuxismgeblobebi
da droiTi farglebi, aseve dafinansebis wyaroebi
TiToeul gegmaSi dakonkretebuli unda iyos. sa-
dac SesaZlebelia, kavSiri unda damyardes klima-
tis cvalebadobis adaptaciis gegmebTan.
19
adreuli Setyobinebis sistema
(Early Warning System)
SesaZleblobebis erToblioba, romelic saWiroa
SetyobinebasTan dakavSirebuli drouli da
mniSvnelovani informaciis generirebis da
gavrcelebisTvis, raTa safrTxis winaSe mdgarma
individebma, Temebma da organizaciebma Sesaba-
misad momzadeba da moqmedeba SesZlon, aseve
hqondeT sakmarisi dro dazianebis an danakargis
SesaZleblobis Semcirebis mizniT.
komentari: aRniSnuli ganmarteba mTel rig faq-
torebs moicavs, rac aucilebelia Setyobinebe-
bze efeqturi reagirebebis miRwevisTvis. adami-
anebze koncentrirebuli adreuli Setyobinebis
sistema aucileblad moicavs oTx mTavar ele-
ments: riskebis codna; safrTxeebis monitoringi,
analizi da prognozireba; signalebis da Setyo-
binebebis komunikacia an gavrceleba; adgilo-
brivi SesaZleblobebi miRebul Setyobinebebze
reagirebisTvis. frazis `erTidan meore bolomde
Setyobinebis sistema~ gamoyeneba aseve xazs us-
vams, rom Setyobinebis sistemebi saWiroa yvela
safexurs moicavdes safrTxis aRmoCenidan Temis
reagirebis CaTvliT.
ekosistemis samsaxurebi
(Ecosystem Services)
sargebeli, romelsac xalxi da Temebi iReben eko-
sistemebisgan.
komentari: aRniSnuli ganmarteba `aTaswle-
ulis ekosistemis Sefasebidan~ gamomdinareobs.
sargebeli, risi uzrunvelyofac ekosistemebs
SeuZliaT, moicavs `maregulirebel samsaxurebs~,
rogoricaa wyaldidobis, gvalvis, niadagis degra-
daciis da daavadebis regulacia. amaSi aseve Sedis
iseTi `samsaxurebis uzrunvelyofa~, rac wyal-
20
didobas da wyals exeba, `damxmare samsaxurebi~,
romelic niadagis formirebas da nutrientul ci-
klirebas exeba, aseve `kulturuli samsaxurebi~,
rogoricaa rekreaciuli, sulieri, religiuri da
sxva aramaterialuri sargebeli. miwis, wylis da
sacxovrebeli resursebis integrirebuli marTva,
rac xels uwyobs konservacias da mdgrad gamo-
yenebas, ekosistemebis samsaxurebis SenarCunebis
safuZvels qmnis, rac im samsaxurebs moicavs, rom-
lebsac katastrofis riskebis SemcirebaSi wvlili
SeaqvT.
el ninio – samxreT oscilaciis fenomeni
(El Nino-Southern Oscillation Phenomenon)
wynari okeanis tropikuli nawilis da globalu-
ri atmosferos kompleqsuri interaqcia, rasac
Sedegad moaqvs amindis da okeanis cvalebadobis
araregularulad momxdari movlenebi msoflios
bevr sxvadasxva adgilas, xSirad ki iseTi mniSvne-
lovani zegavleniT, rac mravali Tvis manZilze
grZeldeba, rogoricaa zRvis habitatis cvlile-
ba, wvimebis cvalebadoba, wyaldidobebi, gvalvebi,
aseve qariSxlis cvalebadobac.
komentari: el ninio – samxreT oscilaciis feno-
menis (ENSO) `el ninio~ nawili okeanis saSualoze
sakmaod maRal temperaturas exeba, rac saxeze
aris xolme ekvadoris, perus da CrdiloeT Ciles
sanapiros gaswvriv, aseve wynari okeanis aRmosav-
leT ekvatorul nawilSi, xolo `la ninia~ nawili
ki sapirispiro garemoebebs exeba, roca saxezea
okeanis saSualoze sakmaod dabali temperatura.
samxreT oscilacia exeba Tanmxleb cvlilebebs
globaluri haeris wnevis maxasiaTeblebSi, rac
amindis cvalebad maxasiaTeblebTan aris asocire-
buli msoflios sxvadasxva nawilebSi.
21
sagangebo mdgomareobis marTva
(Emergency Management)
resursebis da valdebulebebis organizeba da
marTva sagangebo mdgomareobebis yvela aspeqtis
mogvarebisTvis, kerZod ki mzaobasTan, reagire-
basa da sawyis etapze aRdgenasTan dakavSirebiT.
komentari: krizisi an sagangebo mdgomareoba
safrTxis Semcveli mdgomareobaa, romelic
gadaudebel qmedebas moiTxovs. sagangebo mdgo-
mareobaSi efeqturi qmedebiT movlenis katastro-
fad eskalacia SeiZleba Tavidan iqnas acilebuli. sagangebo mdgomareobis marTva gegmebs da insti-
tuciur mowyobas moicavs, raTa samTavrobo, arasam-
Tavrobo, moxaliseobrivi da kerZo saagentoebis Za-
lisxmeva ganxorcieldes da maTTvis mimarTulebis
Cveneba moxdes erTiani da koordinirebuli gziT,
sagangebo mdgomareobis saWiroebebis mTels
speqtrze reagirebis uzrunvelsayofad. `sagangebo
mdgomareobis marTvis~ magivrad zogjer gamoTqma
`katastrofis marTva~ gamoiyeneba.
sagangebo mdgomareobis samsaxurebi
(Emergency Services)
specializebuli saagentoebis erToblioba,
romelTac konkretuli pasuxismgeblobebi
ekisre baT da sagangebo mdgomareobaSi xalxis da
Senobebis dacvis mizans emsaxurebian.
komentari: sagangebo mdgomareobis samsaxurebi
iseT saagentoebs moicavs, rogoricaa samoqalaqo
dacvis uwyebebi, policia, saxanZro, saswrafo sa-
medicino daxmareba, parasamedicino da sagangebo
mdgomareobis samedicino samsaxurebi, wiTeli
jvris da wiTeli naxevarmTvaris sazogadoebebi,
aseve specializebuli, eleqtroenergiis, tran-
sportirebis, komunikaciebis da sxva msgavsi samsa-
xurebis sagangebo mdgomareobis erTeulebi.
22
garemos degradacia
(Environmental Degradation)
garemos potencialis Semcireba socialuri da
ekologiuri miznebis da saWiroebebis dakmayo-
filebis kuTxiT.
komentari: garemos degradacias SeuZlia bune-
brivi safrTxeebis sixSire da intensiuroba
Secvalos, aseve Temebis daucveloba gazardos.
adamianebis Carevis Sedegad gamowveuli degrada-
ciis tipebi sxvadasxvaa da masSi SeiZleba Sevides
miwis arasaTanadod gamoyeneba, niadagis erozia
da dakargva, gaudabnoeba, xanZrebi udabur tyeSi,
biomravalferovnebis dakargva, tyis gaCexva,
mangros tyeebis gaCanageba, miwis, wylis da haeris
dabinZureba, klimatis cvalebadoba, zRvis donis
aweva da ozonis daSla.
ekologiuri zegavlenis Sefaseba
(Environmental Impact Assessment)
SemoTavazebuli proeqtis an programis ekolo-
giuri Sedegebis Sefasebis procesi, rac dagegmvis
da gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesis ganuyofeli
nawilia da romelic proeqtis an programis saziano
zegavlenis Semcirebas an SezRudvas iTvaliswinebs.
komentari: ekologiuri zegavlenis Sefaseba
politikis instrumentia, romelic dawyebidan
gadawyvetilebis miRebamde ganxorcielebuli
RonisZiebebis ekologiuri zegavlenis mtkice-
bulebas da analizs uzrunvelyofs. is ZiriTadad
erovnul doneze programirebis da proeqtis
damtkicebis procesebis ganmavlobaSi, aseve sa-
erTaSoriso ganviTarebis daxmarebis proeqtebis
ganxorcielebisas gamoiyeneba.
ekologiuri zegavlenis Sefasebebi riskis deta-
lur Sefasebebs unda moicavdes da alternativebs,
23
gamosavals an sxva arCevans unda uzrunvel yofdes
gamovlenili problemis mosagvareblad.
riskis winaSe dgoma (Exposure)
safrTxis zonebSi adamianebis, Senobebis, siste-
mebis an sxva elementebis arseboba, romlebic Se-
sabamisad potenciuri danakargebis sagans warmo-
a dgenen.
komentari: riskis winaSe dgoma SeiZleba moicavdes
adamianebis an Senobebis raodenobas mocemul
teritoriaze. amas SeiZleba daematos riskis wina-
Se mdgari elementebis speficikuri daucveloba
raime konkretuli safrTxis mimarT, raTa am
safrTxesTan asocirebuli raodenobrivi riskebi
Sefasdes CvenTvis saintereseo teritoriaze.
mravalmxrivi riski * (Extensive Risk)
farTomasStabiani riski, rac asocirebulia ga-
fantuli mosaxleobis ganmeorebadi an mu dmi-
vad arsebuli, dabali an saSualo intensivobis
safrTxis Semcveli pirobebis winaSe dgomasTan,
xSirad maRali lokalizebuli saxiT, romelsac
SeuZlia Semasustebeli kumulatiuri katastro-
fuli Sedegebi gamoiwvios.
komentari: mravalmxrivi riski ZiriTadad so f-
lis teritoriebisa da qalaqis gareubnebisTvis
aris damaxasiaTebeli, sadac Temebi ganmeorebadi
lokalizebuli wyaldidobebis, mewyerebis, qa-
riSxlebis an gvalvis winaSe dganan, an mis mimarT
daucvelebi arian. mravalmxrivi riski xSirad
asocirebulia siRaribesTan, urbanizaciasa da
garemos degradaciasTan, ixileT aseve `intensi-
uri riski~.
24
prognozi (Forecast)
romelime konkretul teritoriaze momavalSi
raime mosalodneli mdgomareobis an movlenis
dadgomis Sesaxeb gakeTebuli gansazRvruli
gancxadeba an statistikuri Sefaseba.
komentari: meteorologiaSi prognozi niSnavs sa-
momavlo mdgomareobas, roca keTdeba gafrTxileba
potenciurad saSiSi momavali mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.
geologiuri safrTxe (Geological Hazard)
geologiuri procesi an fenomeni, romelmac
SeiZleba sicocxlis dakargva, dazianeba an jan-
mrTelobaze sxvagvari zegavlena moaxdinos, an
Senobebis dazianeba, saarsebo wyaros da momsa-
xurebebis dakargva, socialuri an ekonomikuri
moSla Tu ekologiuri ziani gamoiwvios.
komentari: geologiuri safrTxeebi dedamiwis si-
RrmeSi mimdinare procesebs moicavs, rogoricaa
miwisZvrebi, vulkanuri aqtiuroba da amofrqveva,
aseve amasTan dakavSirebuli geofizikuri proce-
sebi, rogoricaa masiuri gadaadgileba, mewyerebi,
kldis CamoSla, zedapiris darRveva, naSali masalis
an talaxis nakadebi. hidrometeorologiur faq-
torebs zogierT am procesSi mniSvnelovani wvlili
Seaqvs. cunamebis kategorizeba Znelia; miuxedavad
imisa, rom maT zRvisqveSa miwisZvrebi da sxva ge-
ologiuri movlenebi iwvevs, isini mniSvnelovani
okeanuri procesebia, rac manifestirebulia ro-
gorc sanapiro wylebTan dakavSirebuli safrTxe.
saTburis airebi (Greenhouse Gases)
atmosferoSi arsebuli airebis Semcveli Semad-
genloba, rogorc bunebrivi, aseve anTropo-
25
genuli, romlebic dedamiwis zedapiris, TviT at-
mosferos da Rrublebis mier gamoyofil siTbur
infrawiTel radiacias STanTqavs da gamohyofs.
komentari: es aris `klimatis cvalebadobis mTavro-
baTaSorisi sabWos~ (IPCC) ganmarteba. ZiriTadi saT-
buris airebia (GHG) wylis orTqli, naxSirorJangi,
azotovani mJava, meTani da ozoni.
safrTxe (Hazard)
saSiSi fenomeni, nivTiereba, adamianis qmedeba
an mdgomareoba, romelmac sicocxlis dakarva,
dazi aneba an janmrTelobaze sxvagvari zegavlena,
an Senobebis dazianeba, saarsebo wyaroebis da
momsaxurebebis dakargva, socialuri da ekonomi-
kuri moSla an ekologiuri zarali SeiZleba gamo-
iwvios,
komentari: katastrofis riskis Semcirebis Tval-
sazrisiT, safrTxeebi, rogorc `hiogos CarCo-
programis~ mesame sqolioSia gacxadebuli, aris:
`...bunebrivi warmoSobis safrTxeebi, an masTan
dakavSirebuli ekologiuri Tu teqnologiuri
safrTxeebi an riskebi~. amgvari safrTxeebi
sxvadasxva geologiuri, meteorologiuri,
hidro logiuri, okeanuri, biologiuri da teq-
nologiuri wyaroebidan warmoiSoba, romlebic
zogjer erToblivad moqmedebs xolme. teqnikur
garemoSi safrTxeebi aRwerilia raodenobrivad,
sxvadasxva teritoriebze sxvadasxva intensivobiT
dadgomis sixSiris albaTobiT, rogorc es isto-
riuli monacemebis an mecnieruli analizis safu-
Zvelzea gansazRvruli.
ixileT safrTxesTan dakavSirebuli sxva termi-
nebi `terminologiaSi~.
biologiuri safrTxe; geologiuri safrTxe;
hidro-meteorologiuri safrTxe; bunebrivi
26
safrTxe; sociobunebrvi safrTxe; teqnologiuri
safrTxe.
hidrometeorologiuri safrTxe
(Hydrometeorological Hazard)
atmosferuli, hidrologiuri an okeanografiuli
xasiaTis procesi an fenomeni, romelsac SeuZlia
sicocxlis dakargva, dazianeba an janmrTelobaze
sxvagvari zegavlena, Senobebis dazianeba, saarse-
bo wyaroebis da momsaxurebebis dakargva, social-
uri da ekonomikuri moSliloba an ekologiuri
zianis gamowveva.
komentari: hidrometeorologiur safrTxeebSi
Sedis tropikuli ciklonebi (rogoricaa taifu-
nebi da qariSxlebi), Weqa-quxilebi, setyva, tor-
nadoebi, qarbuqebi, Zlieri Tova, zvavebi, didi
talRebi sanapiroze, wyaldidobebi, wyalmovard-
nebis CaTvliT, gvalva, xangrZlivi Zalian cxeli
an civi amindebi. hidrometeorologiuri piro-
bebi Se iZleba aseve faqtors warmoadgendes sxva
safrTxe ebSi, rogoricaa mewyeri, xanZari udabur
tyeSi, kalebis Semosevebi, epidemiebi, aseve toqsi-
kuri da vulkanuri amofrqvevis Sedegad warmo-
qmnili nivTierebebis transportireba da gafrqveva.
intensiuri riski * (Intensive Risk)
riski, romelic asocirebulia xalxis didi
masebis da ekonomikuri saqmianobis mxridan
intensiuri safrTxis Semcveli movlenebidan
gamomdinare riskTan, romelsac SeuZlia poten-
ciurad katastrofuli Sedegebi gamowvios maRali
sikvdilianobis da materialuri zaralis CaTvliT.
komentari: intensiuri riski ZiriTadad did qa-
laqebs da mWidrod dasaxlebul teritoriebs
27
axasiaTebs, romlebic ara marto iseTi intensiuri
safrTxis winaSe dganan, rogoricaa miwisZvrebi,
aqtiuri vulkanebi, didi wyaldidobebi, cunamebi
an qariSxlebi, aramed aseve amgvari safrTxe-
ebis mimarT daucvelobis maRali maCvenebliT
gamoirCevian. ixileT aseve `mravalmxrivi riski~.
miwis gamoyenebis dagegmareba
(Land-use Planning)
saxelmwifo uwyebebis mier ganxorcielebuli
procesi miwaTsargeblobisTvis sxvadasxva al-
ternativebis gamosavlenad, Sefasebisa da gada-
wyvetilebis misaRebad, grZelvadiani ekonomi-
kuri, socialuri da garemosdacviTi miznebis Ca-
TvliT, sadac aseve gaTvaliswinebulia sxvadasxva
Temebi da interesTa jgufebi, amas garda, im
gegmebis Semdgomi formulireba da gamoqveyneba,
romlebSic nebadarTuli an misaRebi gamoyenebis
saxeebi aris aRwerili.
komentari: miwis gamoyenebis dagegmarebas mdgrad
ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovani wvlili Seaqvs. is
moicavs kvlevebs da informaciis rukaze gamosa-
xvas; ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi da safrTxis
Sesaxeb monacemebis analizs; miwaTsargeblobis
Sesaxeb alternatiuli gadawyvetilebis formu-
lirebas; mravlismomcveli gegmebis SemuSavebas
sxvadasxva geografiuli da administraciuli
masStabebiT. miwis gamoyenebis dagegmarebas
katastrofebis Semsubuqeba da riskebis Semcireba
SeuZlia, Tu naklebad dauWeren mxars dasaxle-
bebis warmoqmnas da mniSvnelovani obieqtebis
mSeneblobas im adgilebSi, sadac safrTxis didi
albaToba arsebobs, rac aseve iTvaliswinebs
momsaxurebis marSrutebs transportisTvis,
eleqtroenergiisTvis, wylis, kanalizaciis da
sxva kritikuli mniSvnelobis Senobebs.
28
Semsubuqeba (Mitigation)
safrTxeebis da masTan dakavSirebuli katastro-
febis uaryofiTi zegavlenis Semcireba an SezRudva.
komentari: safrTxeebis uaryofiTi Sedegebis
srulad Tavidan acileba xSirad ver xdeba xolme,
magram maTi masStabi da simwvave SesaZloa mniS-
vnelovnad Semcirdes sxvadasxva strategiebis
da qmedebebis meSveobiT. Semsubuqebis zomebi
moicavs sainJinro teqnikebs da safrTxis gamZle
konstruqciebs, aseve gaumjobesebul garemos-
dacviT politikebs da sazogadoebis informire-
bulobas. unda aRiniSnos, rom klimatis cvaleba-
dobis politikaSi `Semsubuqeba~ sxvadasxvagvarad
ganimarteba da am termins saTburis airebis
gafrqvevis SemcirebisTvis iyeneben, rac klimatis
cvalebadobis wyaros warmoadgens.
katastrofis riskis Semcirebis erovnuli
platforma (National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction)
saerTo termini erovnul doneze sakoordinacio
da politikis xelmZRvanelobis meqanizmebis aR-
saniSnavad katastrofis riskis Semcirebis mimarT,
romelic Tavisi xasiaTiT multiseqtoruli da in-
terdisciplinuria. is aseve moicavs sajaro, kerZo da
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis monawileobas yvela dainte-
resebuli erTeulis CaTvliT qveynis masStabiT.
komentari: aRniSnuli ganmarteba `hiogos CarCos~
me-10 sqoliodan gamomdinareobs. katastrofis
riskis Semcireba codnas, SesaZleblobebs da
Cadebul resursebs moiTxovs sxvadasxva seq-
torebis da organizaciebisgan, erovnul doneze
warmodgenili gaerTianebuli erebis saagentoebs
CaTvliT, sadac Seesabameba. seqtorebis umrav-
lesoba katastrofebis zemoqmedebas pirdapir
an arapirdapir ganicdis da bevr maTgans konkre-
29
tuli pasuxismgebloba ekisreba katastrofebis
riskze reagirebisTvis. erovnuli platformebi
uzrunvelyofs saSualebebs erovnul doneze
qmedebebis gaZlierebisTvis katastrofebis ris-
kis Semcirebis mizniT da isini erovnul meqanizms
warmoadgens `riskis Semcirebis saerTaSoriso
strategiis~ mimarT.
bunebrivi safrTxe (Natural Hazard)
bunebrivi procesi an fenomeni, romelmac SeiZle-
ba sicocxlis dakargva, dazianeba an janmrTelo-
baze sxva zegavlena, an saarsebo wyaroebis da mom-
saxurebebis dakargva, socialuri da ekonomikuri
moSliloba Tu ekologiuri ziani gamoiwvios.
komentari: bunebrivi safrTxeebi yvela safrTxis
qveklass warmoadgens. es termini safrTxis Sem-
cveli faqtobrivi movlenebis, aseve latenturi
safrTxis mdgomareobebis aRsawerad gamoiyeneba,
romlebmac SeiZleba momavali movlenebi gamo-
iwvios. `bunebrivi safrTxis~ Semcveli movlenebi
SeiZleba daxasiaTdes TavianTi masStabiT an in-
tensivobiT, ganviTarebis siswrafiT, xangrZli-
vobiT da gavrcelebiT. magaliTad, miwisZvrebi
xanmoklea da, Cveulebisamebr, SedarebiT mcire
regionze axdens zegavlenas, xolo gvalvebis gan-
viTareba da gaqroba neli procesia, magram xSirad
did regionebze zemoqmedebs.
zogierT SemTxvevebSi safrTxeebi SeiZleba daw-
yvildes, magaliTad, roca wyaldidobas miwisZ-
vriT gamowveuli cunami an qariSxali iwvevs.
mzaoba (Preparedness)
mTavrobebis, reagirebasa da aRdgenis sakiTxebSi
specializebuli organizaciebis, Temebis da in-
30
dividebis mier ganviTarebuli SesaZleblobebi da
codna, raTa efeqturad moelodnen mosalodneli,
moaxloebuli an mimdinare saSiSi movlenebis an
mdgomareobebis Sedegebs, moaxdinon maTze re-
agireba da Semdeg ki aRdgena.
komentari: mzaobasTan dakavSirebuli saqmianoba katastrofis riskis marTvis konteqstSi xor-
cieldeba da misi mizania yvela tipis sagangebo
mdgomareobebis efeqtianad marTvisTvis saWiro
potencialis ganviTareba, aseve reagirebidan
mdgrad aRdgenamde mowesrigebuli gadasvlis
miRweva. mzaoba katastrofis riskebis gonivrul
analizs da adreuli Setyobinebis sistemebTan
karg kavSirebs efuZneba. amas garda, is iseT
RonisZiebebs moicavs, rogoricaa gansakuTrebuli
dagegmva, aRWurvilobis da masalebis momarageba,
aseve koordinaciis, evakuaciisa da sazogadoebis
informirebisTvis, asocirebuli treningebis da
savele savarjiSoebisTvis saWiro mowyobilobebis
ganviTareba. yovelive amas formaluri insti-
tuciuri, samarTlebrivi da sabiujeto SesaZle-
blobebi unda uWerdes mxars. masTan dakavSire-
buli termini `mzadyofna~ saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
swraf da saTanado reagirebis SesaZleblobas
aRwers.
prevencia (Prevention)
safrTxeebis da masTan dakavSirebuli katastro-
febis saziano Sedegebis sruli acileba.
komentari: prevencia (e.i. katastrofis prevencia) gamoxatavs cnebas da ganzraxvas, rom srulad iqnas
acilebuli potenciuri saziano zegavlena winaswar
ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebis meSveobiT. amis ma-
galiTebia dambebis an jebirebis mowyoba, rac wyal-
didobebis riskebs aRmofxvris; miwaTsargeblobis
regulaciebi, romlebic maRali riskis zonebSi ra-
ime saxis dasaxlebis mowyobis nebarTvas ar gascems,
31
aseve seismuri sainJinro dizainebi, rac kritikuli
mniSvnelobis Senobebis gadarCenas da funqciobas
uzrunvelyofs nebismieri savaraudo miwisZvris
SemTxvevaSi. Zalian xSirad danakargebis sruli aci-
leba ganxorcielebadi ar aris da aRniSnuli amocana
SemsubuqebaSi gadaizrdeba. nawilobriv am mizezis
gamo, terminebi `prevencia~ da ̀ Semsubuqeba~ zogjer
urTierTmonacvlea xolme Cveulebrivi gamoyenebisas.
katastrofis perspeqtiuli riskis marTva*
(Prospective Disaster Risk Management)
menejeruli RonisZiebebi, romlebic axali an gaz-
rdili katastrofebis riskebis ganviTarebas exeba
da mis Tavidan acilebas cdilobs.
komentari: aRniSnuli cneba im riskebzea foku-
sirebuli, romlebic momavalSi SeiZleba gan-
viTardes, Tu riskis Semcirebis politika ar
gatardeba da ara im riskebze, romlebic ukve
arsebobs da romelTa marTva da Semcireba axla
SeiZleba. ixileT aseve `katastrofis riskis kore-
qciuli marTva~.
sazogadoebis informirebuloba
(Public Awareness)
saerTo codnis masStabi katastrofebis riskis,
katastrofebis gamomwvevi faqtorebis da im
qmedebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic individualurad
da koleqtiurad SeiZleba ganxorcieldes riskis
Semcirebis da safrTxeebis mimarT daucvelobis
Sesamcireblad.
komentari: sazogadoebis informirebuloba katastrofis riskis efeqturad SemcirebisTvis
mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgens. misi ganviTa-
reba xdeba, magaliTad, informaciis momzadebis
32
da gavrcelebis gziT mediis da saganmanaTleblo
arxebis meSveobiT, sainformacio centrebis da
qselebis CamoyalibebiT, aseve saTemo an monawile-
obiTi RonisZiebebiT da advokatirebiT mTavari
sajaro oficialuri pirebis da Temis liderebis
mier.
aRdgena (Recovery)
katastrofiT dazaralebul TemebSi Senobebis,
saarsebo wyaroebis da sacxovrebeli pirobebis
aRdgena da gaumjobeseba, sadac Sesaferisia,
katastrofis riskis faqtorebis Semcirebaze
mimarTuli Zalisxmevis CaTvliT.
komentari: reabilitaciis da rekonstruciis
kuTxiT, aRdgenis amocana sagangebo mdgomare-
obis fazis dasrulebisTanave iwyeba da is wi-
naswar arsebul strategiebs da politikas unda
efuZnebodes, rac aRdgenisTvis ganxorciele-
buli RonisZiebebis mimarT naTel instituciur
valdebulebebs uwyobs xels, aseve sazogadoebis
mona wileobis SesaZleblobas qmnis. aRdgenis
programebi, katastrofis Semdeg sazogadoebis
informirebulobis amaRlebasa da maT CarTu-
lobasTan erTad, Rirebul SesaZleblobas qmnis
katastrofis riskis Semcirebis zomebis Se-
muSavebisa da ganxorcielebisTvis, aseve `ukeTe-
sis aSenebis~ principis gamoyenebisTvis.
narCeni (arasistematuri) riski (Residual Risk)
riski, romelic rCeba umarTavi formiT maSinac ki,
roca katastrofis riskis Semcirebis efeqturi
zomebi miRebulia da risTvisac sagangebo mdgo-
mareobaze reagirebis da aRdgenis potencialebi
SenarCunebuli unda iyos.
33
komentari: narCeni (arasistematuri) riskis ar-
seboba sagangebo mdgomareobis samsaxurebis,
mzaobis, reagirebis da aRdgenisTvis efeqturi
potencialis SemuSavebis da mxardaWeris uwyvet
saWiroebas moicavs, iseT socio-ekonomikur poli-
tikasTan erTad, rogoricaa usafrTxoebis qseli da
riskis gadatanis (transferis) meqanizmebi.
gamZleoba da mdgradoba (Resilience)
safrTxeebis winaSe mdgari sistemis, Temis an
sazogadoebis SesaZlebloba, raTa droulad da
efeqtianad win aRudges safrTxes, miiRos is an mo-
ergos mas, aseve moaxerxos safrTxisgan miRebuli
zianis daZleva, Tavisi mniSvnelovani sabaziso
struqturebis da funqciebis SenarCunebis da aR-
dgenis gziT.
komentari: gamZleoba da mdgradoba `Sokis da-
Zlevis~ an `Sokisgan gamosvlis ~SesaZleblobas
niSnavs. Temis gamZleoba da mdgradoba safrTxis
Semcveli potenciuri movlenebis mimarT gan-
isazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad gaaC-
nia Tems aucilebeli resursebi da ramdenad
SeuZlia sakuTari Tavis organizeba rogorc
saWiroebis dadgomamde, aseve amgvari periodis
ganmavlobaSi.
reagireba (Response)
sagangebo mdgomareobis samsaxurebis da sazoga-
doebis daxmarebis uzrunvelyofa katastrofis
ganmavlobaSi an misi dadgomisTanave, sicocxle-
ebis gadarCenis, janmrTelobis dazianebis,
sazogadoebis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis da
dazaralebuli adamianebis sabaziso saarsebo
saWiroebebis dakmayofilebis mizniT.
34
komentari: katastrofaze reagireba, upirveles
yovlisa, fokusirebulia gadaudebel da mokleva-
dian saWiroebebze da mas zogjer `katastrofis
dros daxmarebas~ uwodeben. gansxvaveba amgvari
reagirebis da Semdgomi aRdgenis etapebs Soris
naTlad gansazRvruli ar aris. reagirebis zogi-
erTi RonisZieba, rogoricaa droebiTi sacxovre-
blis uzrunvelyofa da wylis miwodeba, SeiZleba
aseve aRdgenis etapzec gadavides.
modernizeba (Retrofi tting)
arsebuli struqturebis gaZliereba an gaum-
jobeseba, raTa ufro gamZle da mdgradi gax-
dnen safrTxeebiT miyenebuli saziano Sedegebis
mimarT.
komentari: modernizeba moiTxovs, rom gaTvali-
winebuli iqnas struqturis funqcia da dizaini,
aseve is zegavlena, rac SeiZleba konkretulma
safrTxem an safrTxis scenarebma miayenos struq-
turas, aseve modernizebis sxvadasxva alter-
nativebis praqtikuloba da xarjebi. moderni-
zebis magaliTebia samagrebis mowyoba kedlebis
gasamyareblad, svetebis gamagreba, foladis
makavSireblebis damateba kedlebsa da saxura-
vebs Soris, fanjrebze darabebis damontaJeba,
mniSvnelovani Senobebis da aRWurvilobis dacvis
gaumjobeseba.
riski (Risk)
movlenis albaTobis da misi uaryofiTi Sedegebis
kombinacia.
komentari: aRniSnuli ganmarteba mWidro kavSir-
Sia ISo/IEC-is 73-e saxelmZRvanelosTan. sityva
`risks~ ori ganmasxvavebeli konotacia gaaCnia:
35
farTo gamoyenebiT, aqcenti keTdeba xolme Sansis
an albaTobis arsze, rogoricaa, magaliTad, `ube-
duri SemTxvevis riski~; xolo teqnikur garemoSi,
Cveulebisamebr, aqcenti Sedegebze keTdeba, `po-
tenciuri danakargebis~ mniSvnelobiT romelime
konkretuli mizezis, adgilis an periodisTvis.
SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom adamianebi erTnairad
namdvilad ar aRiqvamen xolme sxvadasxva riskebis
mniSvnelobas da maT gamomwvev mizezebs.
ixileT riskTan dakavSirebuli sxva terminebi
`terminologiaSi~:
misaRebi riski, katastrofis riskis koreqciuli
marTva; katastrofis riski; katastrofis ri-
skis marTva; katastrofis riskis Semcireba;
katastrofis riskis Semcirebis gegmebi; mra-
valmxrivi riski; intensiuri riski; katastrofis
riskis perspeqtiuli marTva; narCeni (arasiste-
maturi) riski; riskis Sefaseba; riskis marTva;
riskis gadatana (transferi).
riskis Sefaseba (Risk Assessment)
riskis xasiaTis da masStabis dadgenis meTodo-
logia potenciuri safrTxeebis gaanalizebiT
da daucvelobis arsebuli pirobebis SefasebiT,
rasac erToblivad SeuZlia potenciurad ziani
miayenos riskis winaSe mdgar adamianebs, Senobebs,
momsaxurebebs, saarsebo wyaroebs da im garemos,
romelzec isini damokidebulni arian.
komentari: riskis SefasebebSi (da asocirebuli
riskis rukaze datanaSi) Sedis: safrTxeebis teqni-
kuri maxasiaTeblebis ganxilva, rogoricaa maTi
mdebareoba, intensiuroba, sixSire da albaToba;
riskis winaSe dgomis da daucvelobis analizi,
fizikuri, socialuri, janmrTelobis, ekonomi-
kuri da garemosdacviTi ganzomilebebis CaTvliT;
aseve savaraudo riskis scenarebis mimarT gam-
36
klavebis alternatiuli da upiratesi SesaZle-
blobebis efeqturobis Sefaseba. RonisZiebebis
amgvari erToblioba zogjer riskis analizis pro-
cesis saxeliTaa cnobili.
riskis marTva (Risk Management)
gaurkvevlobis marTvis praqtika da sistemuri
midgoma, potenciuri zianis an danakargis minimu-
mamde dayvanis mizniT.
komentari: riskis marTva moicavs riskis Sefase-
bas da analizs, aseve strategiebis da speficikuri
RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas riskebis kontro-
lis, Semcirebisa da gadatanisTvis. mas xSirad
iyeneben xolme organizaciebi sainvesticio gada-
wyvetilebis miRebisas riskis minimumamde dayva-
nisTvis, aseve iseTi saoperacio riskebis gaT-
valiswinebisTvis, rogoricaa biznesis Cavardna,
warmoebis warumatebloba, ekologiuri zarali,
socialuri zegavlena da zarali xanZris Tu bune-
brivi safrTxeebis gamo. riskis marTva mTavari
sakiTxia iseTi seqtorebisTvis, rogoricaa wyal-
momarageba, energetika da soflis meurneoba, rom-
lis produqciazec amindis da klimatis ukiduresi
pirobebi pirdapir zegavlenas axdens.
riskis gadatana (transferi) (Risk Transfer)
konkretuli riskebis finansuri Sedegebis for-
malurad an araformalurad gadanacvlebis pro-
cesi erTi mxaridan meoreze, sadac ojaxi, Temi,
sawarmo Tu saxelmwifo uwyeba resursebs miiRebs
meore mxarisgan katastrofis dadgomis Semdeg,
mimdinare Tu sakompensacio socialuri Tu fi-
nansuri sargeblis sanacvlod, rac amgvari meore
mxarisTvisaa uzrunvelyofili.
37
komentari: riskis gadatanis kargad cnobil for-
mas dazRveva warmoadgens, sadac riskis dafarvas
axdens mzRveveli, dazRveulisgan gadaxdili
mimdinare premiebis sanacvlod. riskis gadatana
SeiZleba moxdes araformalurad ojaxsa da saTe-
mo qselSi, sadac arsebobs urTierTdaxmarebis
sapasuxo molodinebi saCuqrebis an kreditis
saxiT, aseve formalurad, sadac mTavrobebi,
mzRve velebi, multilateraluri bankebi da sxva,
didi riskis matarebeli sawarmoebi ayalibeben
meqanizmebs mniSvnelovani movlenebis Sedegad
gamowveul zianze gamklavebis mxardasaWerad.
amgvari meqanizmebia dazRvevis da gadazRvevis
kontraqtebi, katastrofis obligaciebi, gansa-
kuTrebuli sakredito saSualebebi da sarezervo
fondebi, sadac xarjebi, Sesabamisad, premiebiT,
investorebis wvliliT, saprocento ganakveTebiT
an warsulSi dagrovebuli danazogiT ifareba.
socio-bunebrivi safrTxe * (Socio-natural Hazard)
konkretuli geofizikuri da hidrometeorolo-
giuri safrTxis Semcveli movlenebis gaxSirebis
fenomeni, mag. rogoricaa mewyeri, wyaldidoba,
miwis daweva da gvalva, rac bunebrivi safrTxeebis
zedmetad eqspluatirebul da degradirebul mi-
wasa da ekologiur resursebTan urTierTqmedeb-
iT warmoiSoba.
komentari: aRniSnuli termini gamoiyeneba im gare-
moebebis aRsaniSnavad, sadac adamianis qmedeba
zrdis konkretuli safrTxis movlenas, maTi bune-
brivad dadgomis albaTobaze metad.
arsebobs mtkicebuleba, romelic miuTiTebs, rom
amgvari safrTxeebidan gamomdinare katastrofebis
tvirTi izrdeba. socio-bunebrivi safrTxeebis
Semcireba da Tavidan acileba miwis da ekologiuri
resursebis gonivruli marTviT SeiZleba.
38
struqturuli da arastruqturuli zomebi
(Structural and Non-structural Measures)
struqturuli zomebi: nebismieri fizikuri kon-
struqcia safrTxeebis SesaZlo zegavlenis Sem-
cirebis an aridebisTvis, an sainJinro teqnikebis
gamoyeneba safrTxisadmi winaaRmdegobis, aseve
gamZleobis da mdgradobis misaRwevad struq-
turebsa Tu sistemebSi;
arastruqturuli zomebi: nebismieri zoma, ro-
melic ar moicavs fizikur konstruqcias da rac
iyenebs codnas, praqtikas an SeTanxmebas riskebis
da zegavlenis SemcirebisTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki
politikis da kanonebis meSveobiT, sazogadoebis
informirebulobis amaRlebiT, treningebiTa da
ganaTlebiT.
komentari: katastrofis riskis SemcirebisTvis
saerTo struqturuli zomebi moicavs dambebs,
wyaldidobis sawinaaRmdego jebirebs, okeanis
talRebis barierebs, miwisZvris gamZle kon-
struqciebs da saevakuacio TavSesafrebs. saerTo
arastruqturul zomebSi Sedis samSeneblo kode-
qsebi, miwaTsargeblobis dagegmvis kanonebi da
maTi aRsruleba, kvleva da Sefaseba, sainforma-
cio resursebi da sazogadoebis informirebulo-
bis programebi. unda aRiniSnos, rom samoqalaqo
da struqturul inJineriaSi termini `struqtu-
ruli~ ufro SezRuduli mniSvnelobiT gamoi-
yeneba da mxolod datvirTvis mzidav struqtu-
ras aRniSnavs, sadac iseT nawilebs, rogoricaa
kedlebis plakireba da Sida mowyoba, arastruqtu-
rul terminebad moixsenieben.
mdgradi ganviTareba
(Sustainable Development)
ganviTareba, romelic amJamad arsebul saWiroebebs
akmayofilebs ise, rom es zegavlenas ar axdens mo-
39
mavali Taobebis SesaZleblobebze maTi sakuTari
saWiroebebis dakmayofilebisTvis.
komentari: aRniSnuli ganmarteba ganisazRvra
`brundtlendis komisiis~ mier 1987 wels da is
Zalian dakonkretebulia. Tumca, masSi bevri
SekiTxva upasuxod rCeba sityvis ganviTarebis
mniSvnelobis da masSi monawile socialuri,
ekonomikuri da ekologiuri procesebis mi-
marT. katastrofis riski asocirebulia ganvi-
Tarebis aramdgrad elementebTan, rogoricaa
garemos degradacia, xolo, amis sapirispirod,
katastrofis riskis Semcirebas SeuZlia wvlili
Seitanos mdgradi ganviTarebis miRwevaSi Semci-
rebuli danakargebis da gaumjobesebuli ganvi-
Tarebis praqtikebis meSveobiT.
teqnologiuri safrTxe (Technological Hazard)
teqnologiuri an industriuli pirobebidan
warmoSobili safrTxe, rac moicavs ubedur Sem-
Txvevebs, saSiS procedurebs, infrastruqturis
moSlas an adamianis specifikur qmedebebs, ramac
SeiZleba sicocxlis dakargva, dazianeba, daava-
deba an janmrTelobaze sxva zegavlena, Senobebis
dazianeba, saarsebo wyaroebis da momsaxurebebis
dakargva, socialuri da ekonomikuri moSliloba
Tu ekologiuri zarali gamoiwvios.
komentari: teqnologiuri safrTxeebis maga-
liTebSi Sedis industriuli dabinZureba,
atomuri radiacia, toqsikuri narCenebi, dambis
moSla, satransporto ubeduri SemTxvevebi,
afeTqeba qarxanaSi, xanZrebi da qimiuri CaRvre-
bi. teqnologiuri safrTxeebi aseve pirdapir
SeiZleba warmoiSvas rogorc bunebrivi safrT-
xis Semcveli movleniT momxdari zegavlenis
Sedegi.
40
daucveloba (Vulnerability)
Temis, sistemis an aqtivis iseTi maxasiaTeblebi da
garemoebebi, romelTa gamoc maT SeiZleba safrT-
xidan gamomdinare saziano zegavlena ganicadon.
komentari: daucvelobis mravali aspeqti arse-
bobs, rac sxvadasxva fizikuri, socialuri, eko-
nomikuri da ekologiuri faqtorebidan gamomdi-
nareobs. amis magaliTebi SeiZleba iyos Senobebis
arasaTanado dizaini da konstruqcia, Senobis
araadeqvaturi dacva, sajaro informaciis da
informirebulobis nakleboba, riskebis da mza-
obis misaRwevi zomebis oficialurad aRiareba
SezRudul doneze, aseve gonivruli marTvis ugu-
lebelyofa. daucveloba droTa ganmavlobaSi
icvle ba xolme Temis SigniT. aRniSnuli ganmarte-
ba daucvelobas gansazRvravs rogorc iseTi
interesis (Temi, sistema an qoneba) elementis
maxasiaTe bels, rac riskisagan damoukidebelia.
Tumca, ufro zogadi gamoyenebiT es sityva xSirad
ufro farTo gagebiT gamoiyeneba da elementis
mxridan riskis winaSe dgomas moicavs.
41
* axali cnebebi, romlebic axlaxans Semovida da
farTod ar gamoiyeneba, magram profesionalur
relevanturobas TandaTanobiT iZens; amgvari
terminebis ganmartebis irgvliv didi konsul-
taciebi imarTeba da SeiZleba isini momavalSi
Seicvalos.
qarTulad Targmna gaeros
ganviTarebis programam
44
UNISDR GenevaTel. :+41 22 917 8908/8907isdr@un.orgwww.unisdr.org
UNISDR Asia and the Pacific,Bangkokisdr-bkk@un.orgwww.unisdr.org/asiapacific
UNISDR Europe,Genevaalbrito@un.orgwww.unisdr.org/europe
UNISDR Liaison Office,New Yorkpalm@un.org
UNISDR the Americas,Panamaeird@eird.orgwww.eird.orgUNISDR-20-2009-Geneva
UNISDR West Asia and North Africa, Cairoinfo@unisdr-wana.orgwww.unisdr.org/wana
UNISDR Africa, Nairobiisdr-africa@unep.orgwww.unisdr.org/africa
UNISDR-20-2009-Geneva dabeWdilia gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciaSi, Jeneva-GE.09-00866-maisi 2009-4,000-ISDR/2009/3.
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