31 32012 8 ACTA ANTHROPOLOGICA SINICA

Vol.31, No.3August, 2012

1, 2 1 3 1 3

4 5 1 1

1. 100044 2. 1000393. 730050 4. 730000

5. 250012

5500

600 4 5 4C 4B

4A

7.1% 2.6% 24.6% 12.6% 49.4%

3.2% 0.4%

4B 4C AMS-14C

36ka-43ka BP

K871.11 A 1000-3139(2012)03-0209-19

2009 6-7[1]

2009 7 4 710 8 25

1

11398m

500m3

2010-10-09 2011-04-19

XDA05130202 KZCX2-

YW-Q1-04 2007FY110200

1984-

31

2

Figure 2 Geomorphological map of the Xujiacheng site Figure 3 Distribution of excavation squares at the Xujiacheng site

1Figure 1 Geographical position of the Xujiacheng site

94

1 0.3m-0.5m2

1.5m31.4m

2-32

5.5m×3m3m 2.5m 1m×1m

N52-57 50-53

8 16 3

3

9 3-5 34-5 14 L1-L14

54-5 4 1 5

L13-14

1 1494.9m L12 4C

2L7-11 4B 4B

L1-6 4A

41.25m

5 0.55m6 0.45m7 0.25m8 0.25m9 1m

10

4Figure 4 Stratigraphical section and column of the Xujiacheng site

31

2

5442 1) 4 5 2

2.1 522 1 1 5 2 13 2

1) 5758

5442 94.2%

5

1Table 1 Referenced data for cultural layers boundary by altitude

Y 51 54 54 56 56 56.5 56.5 58

4A 1495.2m 1495.3m 1495.4m 1495.5m

4B 1495 1495.2m 1495.3m 1495.4m 1495.5m

4C 1495m 1495.05m 1495.05m 1495.05m

5 1494.8m 1494.8m 1494.8m 1494.8m

3

2.1.11 1971

[2]

[3]

[4,5]

2009XJC6325 57.3mm×43.9mm×10.7mm 34.1g

2.1.21

6 1 1 1 2

1 2 2 1 2 2 2

2 2 1 N N N 3

2 N N N 33

2009XJC6324 2 27.4mm×21.9mm×14mm 8.2g 24.7mm×12.9mm 25.5mm×14.2mm

94° 75° 4

2.1.34 1

[6-8] 2)

1 2

3 1 2

3

2Table 2 Counts of stone artifact classes from the Xujiacheng site

N % N % N % N % N % N % N % N

5 1 4.5 1 4.5 5 22.7 2 9.1 13 59.1 0 0 0 0 22

4C 23 6.6 10 2.9 96 27.4 62 17.7 136 38.9 18 5.1 5 1.4 350

4B 349 8.2 120 2.8 1083 25.3 555 13 2009 47 146 3.4 19 0.4 4281

4A 11 1.4 9 1.1 157 19.9 69 8.7 531 67.3 12 1.5 0 0 789

385 7.1 140 2.6 1341 24.6 688 12.6 2689 49.4 176 3.2 24 0.4 5442

31

3 1 1 1 3 2

1 1 25.3mm-74.2mm 49.3mm 16.7mm-61.6mm45.4mm 7.8mm-25.7mm 17.1mm 3.5g-150.2g

68.3g 81°-101° 71°-86°

2.1.42

30.6mm 61.6mm 27mm45.8mm 14.1mm 34.1mm 15.1mm 99.4mm

2.1.513

19.6mm-34.1mm 25.6mm11.2mm-22.2mm 17.4mm 5.7mm-15.6mm 11mm1.4g-8.7g 5.1g

2.2 4C350 23 10 96 62 13618 5 2

2.2.123 21 2

95.7% 50-100mm 30-60mm 10-40mm 50-200g

2.2.2

4 1 3 13 1 1 2 2 2 64°-100°

4 1 3 2 31 1 2 1 2 2

1 3 1 4 1 1 60°-90°

2 1 361.2mm×49.5mm×33.2mm 102.5g

2 2 5 11 1 4 1 6 1 75°-

95°

2.2.396 62 27 15 12 7

32 30 1 4 2 4

3 24 1 2 2 4 3 24 14.5mm-83.7mm

3

13.8mm-90.9mm 4.3mm-35.6mm 1.4g-216g 66°-123° 58°-105°

2.2.462 13.4mm-128mm

39.4mm 13.3mm-88.5mm 28.2mm 6.7-34.1mm18.9mm 1.5g-276.1g 30.8g

2.2.5136 13.6mm-55.9mm

28.2mm 9.2mm-40.2mm 19mm 4.7-28.3mm11.4mm 0.7-50.7g 7.6g

2.2.618

8 4 1 1 11 1 6 2 50°-60°

264° 53°

1 57°2 73° 60°

1 70°2

103.1mm×96.2mm×55mm 57mm×46.6mm×37.1mm 775g 110.8g1

255mm×218mm×153mm 3500g1

2.2.75 3 1 1

2.3 4B4281 349 120 1083 555 2009146 19 2

2.3.1349 273 76

43.3mm-176.8mm 77.2mm 24.3mm-132.4mm 55.912.8mm-67.5mm 34.7mm 31.4g-1456g 233.7g

2.3.2120 117 50 44 23

3 6

31

1 28 17 6 59 1 4 7 7 1

9 2 6 3 4 4 1 8

2 22 8 10 31 10 1 2 9 2

16 3 4 4 2 1 18 2 113 4 4 4 13

1 15 12 10 71 8 1 4 1 1

1 11 2 6 3 5 5 1 7

2 29 21 21 133 15 1 11 2 3

16 4 11 5 2 1 41 2 183 7 4 1 20

1 9 10 10 6

Figure 6 Cores from cultural layer 4B at the Xujiacheng site1 2009XJC4060) 1 8. 2009XJC5196 2 2. 2009XJC1657 3. 2009XJC 3184 1

5. 2009XJC996 2 6. 2009XJC5182 1 4. 2009XJC5942 7. 2009XJC24879. 2009XJC4817 2

3

1 7 1 1 1 122 2 3 3 4 1 9

2 14 3 11 4 3 137 17 2 3

9 5 4 10 5 3 8 11 1 18 2 8 3 2 4 1 5

1 93

26.7mm×22.6mm×19mm 63.6mm×54.9mm×20.8mm 16.9mm×14.6mm×10.5mm11.3g 49.6g 2.9g

2.3.31083 616 365 102

266 350 7 1 36

2 75 3 155 1 7 2 37 3 306 6mm-103.9mm 27.2mm 9.9mm-159mm 27.2mm 2.5mm-44.4mm 11.5mm 0.1g-634.2g 13.7g 60°-120° 50°-100°

2.3.4555 12.6mm-185mm

31.8mm 2.1mm-131mm 23.2mm 4.2mm-51.3mm15.5mm 0.4g-582.3g 18.5g

2.3.52009 6.8mm-121mm

24.2mm 5mm-66.8mm 16.8mm 1.2mm-106mm9.7mm 0.1g-746.7g 6.4g

2.3.6146

70 64 5 1 864 1 33 4 14

8 4 55 7 1 144°-81°

2009XJC5771 8 4 40.5mm×38mm×12.4mm 16.1g 4

36.7mm 1 4.3mm 66°5 3 1 1

6 3 1 45°-76°

31

7Figure 7 Flakes from cultural layer 4B at the Xujiacheng site

1 2009XJC1798 2 2009XJC1669 1 3 2009XJC3667 4 2009XJC5889 2 5 2009XJC28036 2009XJC4877 3 7 2009XJC1901 8 2009XJC3031 1 9 2009XJC3492 10 2009XJC5326

2 11 2009XJC6158 12 2009XJC3286 3

3

8Figure 8 Retouched tools from cultural layer 4B at the Xujiacheng site

1 2009XJC5210 2 2009XJC4090 3 2009XJC1164 4 2009XJC5771 5 2009XJC3168 6 2009XJC29947 2009XJC1463 8 2009XJC4998 9 2009XJC1680

10 2009XJC2309 11 2009XJC1576 12 2009XJC2778 13 2009XJC410514 2009XJC 4730 15 2009XJC1513

31

165° 59° 65°

13 5 1 2 51 3 2 8 3 1 10 3

60°-75° 52°-74°2009XJC2309 8 10 3

28.5mm×33.4mm×12.7mm 9.8g28.8mm 6.9mm 1 71°

28mm 5.5mm74° 58°

8 5 3 32 1 2 4 4 49°-83°2009XJC1680 8 9 2

40.6mm×34.9mm×16.7mm 23g1 2mm 21 51°

8 4 4 1 24 1 2 1 1

4 40°-86°2009XJC2778 8 12 2

33.5mm×23.6mm×14.9mm 11.2g16.4mm 2.1mm 1 73°

25.8mm 6.5mm 278° 68°

3 4B 1 258°-62°

1 2009XJC4998 8 8 319.7m×33mm×11.7mm 6.6g

1 2009XJC2072 2009XJC5320

5 1 3 1 32 62°-76°2009XJC1513 8 15 78.1mm×106.4mm×

28.5mm 232.3g54.2mm 1 8.8mm

75°29 8 9 11

100

3

1 16 133

5 41

2.3.719 5 3 1 6 4

2.4 4A789 11 9 157 69 / 53112

2.4.111 91% 81.2%

52mm-112.7mm 70mm 21.4mm-92.7mm 52.1mm11.6mm-83mm 33.4mm 29.1g-1014.3g 219.8g

2.4.29 8 1

5 1 4 14 1 1 1 2 2 3 1

12 1 1

35.2mm×29mm×22.3mm 20.4g14.9mm×13.5mm 22mm×21.6mm 70° 80°

2 1 44.4mm×34.1mm×21.1mm 29.6g 44.4mm×34.1mm20.7mm×38.4mm 70° 90° 3

1 2 36.2mm×31.6mm×23.9mm 32.6g26.1mm×24mm

16.6mm×25.1mm 22.8×20.2mm 85° 80° 78° 41 16.9mm×14.6mm×10.5mm

2.9g

2.4.3157 82 63 12

34 48 1 3 2 5

3 26 1 1 2 2 3 45 8.6mm-47.4mm22.5mm 7.8mm-42.2mm 21.5mm 1.2mm-21.2mm9.1mm 0.1g-34.4g 5.4g 70°-110°

60°-100°

31

2.4.469 16.2mm-59.1mm

29mm 9.7mm-42.6mm 20.1mm 6.1mm-28mm13.7mm 1.1g-62.7g 10.5g

2.4.5531 6.8mm-80.9mm

20.2mm 2.9mm-109mm 14.4mm 1.2mm-32.5mm 8.1mm 0.1g-122.5g 3.7g

2.5.512

4 2 1 13 1 50°-70°

4 2 255°-75°3 1 2

1 56.4mm×50mm×32.4mm 95.5g

2.6

1 1-100g4C

4B 5 4A 9)2 4) 70%

10%10)

3 5 1 4C 10 40%40% 4B 120 117 3

43 % 37.9% 19.8%4A 9 8 62.5% 11)

4 5 3 40% 4A 4B 4C 3

3 12)5

13)

5 11 >25%

2 10%> <25% 3 3 <10%4

3

0

20

40

60

80

100

Figure 11 Classes and frequencies of cores from different cultural layers at the Xujiacheng site

0

20

40

60

80

100

9Figure 9 Classes of stone artifacts from different cultural layers at the Xujiacheng site

0

20

40

60

80

0

20

40

60

Figure 13 Classes and frequencies of tools from different cultural layers at the Xujiacheng site

0

10

20

40

50

60

31

4

3

57310 2 2

Equus . .) Bos. .)

4

4.1

1

2 54423 7.1% 2.6% 24.6% 12.6%

49.4% 3.2% 0.4%

4

1 4B

5

6

[9]

4.22 4

5 4C 4B 4A 4C 4B

3

[10]

4C 4B4C 4B

5 4A

—L1S1 53-27ka BP[12]

108 2 3 5 1 41675±255 BP 4C

2 33390±240 BP 43000 BP 4B 536390±170 BP-43210±300 BP 4A 2 19210±80 BP

23300±105 BP- 14C 4B C

36ka-43ka BP

4.34

3Table 3 The AMS14C dating data of the Xujiacheng site

BP 1 68.2 2 95.4%

BA091421 L1 0069 4A 19,210±80 20,940BC 20,600BC 21,300BC 20,500BC

BA091423 L4 0287 4A 23,300±105 * *

BA091424 L7 1267 4B 38,455±235 * *

BA091425 L9 2265 4B 36,390±170 * *

BA091427 L10 4625 4B 36,510±220 * *

BA091428 L10 4897 4B 43,210±300 * *

BA091431 L7 4B 43,000 * *

BA091432 L12 4C 33,390±240 * *

BA091429 L12 6163 4C 43,000 * *

BA091430 L14 5 41,675±255 * *

5568 BP 1950[11] .10

31

50 [1,13-15]

[1] 2009 [J] 2011 30 2 137 148.

[2]

[3]

[4] [D] 2008 1 111.

[5] [M]

2009.

[6]

[7] [J] 2000 19 2 85 96.

[8] [A] [C]

2001 209 218.

[9] [J] 1990 9 4 322 334.

[10] [D] 2010 1 181.

[11] et al.

[12] [M] 1993.

[13] et al.

[14]

[15]

3

A Preliminary Report on the 2009 Excavation of the Xujiacheng Paleolithic Sitein Gansu Province, North China

1, 2 1 3 1 3,4 5 1 1

(1. Laboratory of Human Evolution, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100044; 2.Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049;

3. Gansu Provincial Institute of Relics and Archaeology, Lanzhou 730050; 4. Lanzhou University Research School of Arid Environment& Climate Change, Lanzhou 730000; 5. Shandong Provincial Institute of Relics and Archaeology, Jinan 250012 )

Abstract:

15m2.

14

Key :