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Date Printed: 04/20/2009

JTS Box Number: lFES 63

Tab Number: 125

Document Title: Path to Rights

Document Date: 2002

Document Country: Georgia

Document Language: Russian

lFES ID: CE00705

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15

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.... _----------------------------------_. --

21

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23

24

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2 AaCTpamtA 44 ScTOHMfI 84 3KBBAOP ,26 KOHro 3 KaH8A3 45 06beA.Apa6.3MMpaTbi 85 An6BHM"

CnaCiopaaBMTbl8 4 WBe~R 46 XopaaTM" 86 ,[lOMMHMKBHCKaJI Peen. 5 6em.nuJ 47 nMTBa 87 KMraM ,27 naKMCT8H

6 CoeAMHBHHblB WraTbi 48 KaTap 66 VlOpp,aHMR ,28 Toro 7 ~C11aHAMA

.CpeAHep83BMTbI8 89 TYHMC '29 Henan

8 HMAepn8lfAbl 90 VipaH ,30 6xyraH 9 s:lnoHVlR 49 TPMHMABA H To6aro 9' Kane BePAe ,3' nao

,0 ¢)MHnRHAMA 50 nSTBMR 92 KMpnt3MR ,32 68Hm8ABW II WeeMuapMR 5' MSKCMKB 93 rYMBHB '33 "'aMBH

'2 nlOKceM6ypr 52 naHSM8 94 IOlKH8lI Ail>PMKa 134 rBMTM ,3 <l>paHII'1" 53 6anOPYOCM" 95 CanbBaAOp ,35 MOABrBCKOp ,4 BenMK0C5pMT8HMRI 54 Eiem138 96 CaMoa ,36 HMrepMR ,5 ,IlaHMR 55 p""",," 97 CMPMR ,37 Il><MISynI ,6 AeCTpM" 56 ManaH3MR 98 MOJ1A8BMR '36 CYABH ,7 repM8HMR 57 60nrapMR 99 Y36eKMCTBH 139 MasPMTBHMfI '8 VipnBHAM" 58 PyMblHMfI '00 AroKMp 140 TaH3IDiMfi ,9 HOBafi 3enBHAMfi 59 Apa6cK8lI nHeH" ,0' BbeTHaM ,4, YraH,QB 20 L1ranMfI 60 MBkeAoHMfI '02 liIH.QOHe3MfI ,42 KOHre 2' Loia1BHMfI 6' BeHecy311a ,03 T8,Q)IOtKMCfBH ,43 3aMI5MJI 22 1i13Jl8lUI. 62 KonyMI5MfI ,04 SomisMJI ,44 Uore 23 rpell'1" 83 MaypMTMyc ,05 EnmeT ,45 CeHeran 24 rOHKOHr 84 CypMHBM ,06 HMKaparya ,46 AArpna 25 KMnp 65 nM8MJI ,07 rOHJ1)'pac ,47 6eHMH 26 CMHranyp. 66 TaWlaH,Q 'DB reaTeMana '48 SPMrpe" 27 Kopa" 67 <I>_M ,09 raooH 149 raMI5Mft 28 nopryranM" 68 CaYAoeCKllll ApaeH" 110 8KBBTOpManbH. rBMH8f1 ,50 rBMHeJl 29 CnOB9HMJI 69 Spa3Ml1MJI ", HBMM15MfI ,51 ManasM 30 ManbTa 70 ¢>MnMnnMHbI 112 MapOKKO ,52 PyaHAB 3, 6ap63Aoc 7, OMBH 113 CSa3Wl8H,Q ,53 ManM 32 6PYHe;; 72 ApM8HMJI 114 6arcBaHB ,54 UeHTp.-A1I>PMK.-Pecn. 33 "'taXMJI 73 nepy 115 ViHAM" ,55 'iBA 34 Apr8HTMHB 74 YKPBMHa 116 MOHronMfI ,56 rSMH8J1-6ecay 35 CnoeaKMJI 75 Ka38Xcr8H ,'7 3MMI5a6ae '57 M038M15MK 36 BBHrpMJI 76 rpy3H" 118 MMBHMap ,58 3$1011H" 37 ypyrea. 77 ManbAMBbi 119 rBHa ,59 6ypKMHa-cl>aco 38 nonbwa 78 ~MaMKB '20 necoro '60 6YPYHA" 39 "tMnM 79 A3epl5aiiJl)KaH ,2' KBM6oA>Ka '6' HMrep 40 6axpe.H 60 napareaii ,22 nanya HoaaJl rBMHBfI ,62 CbOppa-neOHe

I

. '

OOH

YenoBe~eCTBO H3,QaBHa 6oponocb 3a CBOH npaBa.

npOHCXO/lllll1He ,B MHpe nOnI1TH~eCKHe CASH,.., ell1e

60nee 06oCTp~nH 3T0 ABHlKeHHe. nOA~aC OTHOWe

HH~ MelKAY CTpaHaMH OKa3bIBBnHCb TaKHMH HBnP~

lKeHHblMH, ~O 3aKIDiYHBBnHCb BOHHaMH, BO' BpeM~

KOTOPblX 0c06eHHO Harn~llHblMH CTaHOBHnHCb

lPaKTbI MaCCOBOH AHCKpHMHHa4HH H HapyweHH~

npaB ~enOBeKa,

n03TOMY O~eBHAHO, ~TO HMeHHO nacne BOHH

AOnlKHbl 6bJJ1H nO~an~TbC~ TaKMe OpraHH3a4HH,

KOTOpble 3a1J1Hll1BnH npaBa ~enOBeKa, 06eCne~H

BBnH rapMOHH~Hble, APYlKeCKHe H MHpHble OTHOWe

HH~ MelKAY CTpaHaMH.

B 1919 roAY, no OKOH~aHHH I MHPOBOH BOHHbl,

YHecweH 15 MHnnHOHOB lKH3HeH, B03HHKna nMra

Ha4Mii,.B 1945 roAY, nacne I I MHPOBOH BOHHbl, B

xOAe KOTOPOH no,..,6no 50 MHnnHOHOB ~enOBeK,

6blna C03,QaHa OpraHM384M1I 061>I!AMHeHHblX

Ha4Mii (OOH),

liTO TaKoe OOH M KBKMe, "enM

npecnllAYIOTClI 3TOH opraHM38"MeH?

non Hoe Ha3BaHHe OOH - OpraHM384M1I

061>I!AMHeHHblx HaLlMii.

OCHOBHble 4enH OOH:

• MHp H oo30nacHOCTb BO BceM MHpe,

• paBHonpaBHe H APYlKecKHe OTHoweHH~ MelKAY

HaUHHMH.

• 3all1HTa npaB H cBo60A ~enOBeKa.

CrPYKTYpa OOH

reHepanbHall AccaM6nell - rnaBHblH KOHcynbTa·

THBHblH opraH OOH, rAe rocYAapCTBa-~eHbl OOH

06CYlKAaJOT BonpoCbl, OTHOC~Il1HeC~ K MelKAYHapoA-

•

I KaK Tbl AYMaewb, no~eMY ABTbl 06pB30BaHH~ nH,.., Ha4HH H OOH COBnBnH C ABTaMH .

•.• ~: OKOH~aHH~ nepBOH H BTOPOH MHPOBblX BOHH

'"". COOTeBTCTBeHHO?

I MHPOsa~ BoHHa (1914-1918)

nO,..,6no 15 MHMHOHOB ~9nOBeK

B 1919 rDAY C03ABHa nHra H8l\HH

I I MHpOB~ BOHHa (1939-1945)

no,..,6no 50 MHflnHOHOB ~enOBeK

B 1945 rDAY C03,QaHa OpraHH3a4H1I

061>9AHH9HHblX Ha4HH

HOH nonHTHKe H BonpocaM MHpa. KBJKAa~ crpaHa,

He3aBHCHMO OT TOro, 6oraTa~ OHa HnH 6eAHa~,

MHoro~HcneHHa~ HnH HBT, HMeBT npaBO OIlHOro

ronoca.

K8JKA8R H3 BXOA~Il1HX B OOH C!paH nOCbJJ1aBT

B reHepanbHYJO AccaM6neJO CBOH npeACTaBHTBnb

CKHe Aenera4HH. Be BpeM~ 06cyJK.cieHH~ Bonpoca

nHAep Aenera4HH nOABBT CBOH ronoc OT HMeHH

Ha4HH.

reHepBnbHa~ AccaM6ne~ npOBOAHTC~ OAHH pa3

B roA. Ha roA H36HpaBTC~ npe3MAeHT AccaM6neH,

KOTOPblH PYKOBOAHT ee pa60ToH. Ae~enbHOCTb

reHepBnbHOH AccaM6neH nOMeplKHBaBTC~ ceMbJO

OCHOBHblMM KOMMTI!TlIMM. KBJKAa~ H3 CTpaH

~neHOB OOH HMeBT npaBO 6bITb npeACTaeneHHOH B

KBJKAOM KOMHTBTe.

COBer 6e30naCHOCTM ~an~BTC~ rnBBHblM HcnonHH

TBnbHblM OpraHOM OOH. Ha Hero B03flOlKeHa 38Aa

~a coxpaHeHH~ MHpa H Bce06ll1eH 0030naCHOCTH.

29

30

•

KOM~CC~A OOH no pa30pyJKeH~1O

OOH WTa6-KBaprnpa OOH B HblO-li'I0pKe

M~poTBOp"eCK~e c~nbl OOH

MelKAYHapOQHbl. CYQ B raare

CeKPerap~aT - 3TO BQM~H~CTpa4~A OOH. Era pa60To. PYKOBOQ~T reHepanbHblii CeKperapb, KOTOpbl. Bbl6~paercA CPOKOM Ha nAlb nero

3KOCOq - CaBer OOH no 3KOHOM~"eCK~M ~ C04~

anbHblM BonpocaM, KOOPQ~H~PYIOIll~. pa60Ty 60nee 40 pa3fl~"HbIX opraHoB, cne4~an~a~poBaHHblx areHTCTB, KOM~CC~., cjlOHQOB ~ nporpaMM p83B~

rnA, AanAIO~XCA~eHaM~ 'eeMb~ OOH'. Bee OH~ HecyT OTBBTCTBeHHOCTb aa npaKrn"ec<y1O QeATenbHOCTb OOH BO BceM M~pe.

KOMMCCMA no npaaaM '1BnOBeKa 6blna y"pelKAeHa COBeroM OOH no 3KOHOM~'1eCK~M ~ C04~anbHblM BonpocaM B 1946 raQY. KOM~CC~A ABnABTCA maBHblM opraHoM OOH, pa6oTalOlll~M B ccjlepe npaB '1enOBeKa. OCHOBHbIM~ HanpaBneH~AM~ ee

pa60Tbi ABnAIOTCA:

• paccneQoBaH~e cjlaKTOB HapyweH~A npaB '1enOBeKa ~ COCTaaneH~e OT'IBTOB,

• paapa60TKa MelK,QyHapOQHblx ~HCTpYMeHToB aalll~TbI npas "enOBeKa,

• OKaaaH~e TBXH~"eCKo. nOMOIll~ CTpaHaM, HYlKAalOlll~McA B He •.

B 1993 rallY reHepanbHaA ACC8M6neA y'IPBQ~na nOCT BepxoBHoro KOMMCcapa OOH no npaaaM '1BnOBeKa. BepxoBHbl. KOM~ccap HeceT OTBBTCTBeHHOCTb 38 06eCne"eH~B ~ aalll~TY npaB KalK,QOra "enOBeKa, a TalOKe 38 KOOp~H~1O coOTBerCTBYIOIll~X ~H~4~arnB OOH B pa3fl~'1HbIX ccjlepax.

B 1997 rOQY ~pnaHQK8 M3p~ P06~HcoH CMeHMna Xoce A>ina nacco Ha naery BBpxoBHora KOM~ccapa

no npaBaM "enOBeKa. B 2001 nlAY OOH ~ ee reHepanbHoMY eeKpeTa

PIO, Xocjl~ AHaHY 6blfla np~CYlKAeHa H06eneBcKaA npBM~A 38 YKpenneH~B M~pa.

I

cerOAHSI M

EcnH nPElACTaBHTb ee6e, ~TO OrpoMHblH

3eMHOH wap BAPyr CJKaIIC~ AO pa3Mepa

He60nbwoH AepeBHH C HaCeneHHeM B 100 ~enoBeK, TO nony~HTC~ TaKM BOT KaprHHa:

8 AepeBHe npolKHBa9T

• 57 a3HaTOB • 21 eBponeeu • 14 ceBepo- H IOlKHoaMepHKaHUeB

• 8 a!IJpHKaHueB

• 52 - lKeHU\HHbl, • 48 - MYlK~HHbl, • 70 - UBeTHblX, • 30 - 6enblx, • B py<ax 6 lKHT9neH 'AepeBHH' 6YA9T Haxo

AHTbC~ 59% eeero 6oraTCTBa, H eee weeTepo H3 HHX - H3 COOAHHeHHblX WTaTOB,

• y 80 H3 lKHTeneH He 6YA9T HopManbHblX ycnOBHM lKH3HH,

• 70 6yAYT HerpBMOTHblMH,

• 50 6yAYT ronoAaTb, • OAHH yMp9T, • Y OAHOro 6YA9T KOMnblOTep, • H TonbKO OAHH 6YAeT HMBTb ablcwee

06pa30aaHHe.

EcnH nOCMOTpBTb Ha MHp C TaKoM TO~KH 3peHH~,

CTaHeT ~CHO, ~TO nOTpe6HoCTb a eonHABPHOCTH, TonepaHTHoCTH H 06pa30aaHHH o~eHb abiCOKa.

nOAYMaii HB/I aTHMI

• EcnH eeroAH~ Tbl npocHync~ 3/lOPOBbIM, 3Ha~HT, Tbl c~aCTnHaee. uenoro MHnnHOHa CMepTenbHO 60nbHbix nlOAeii, KOTopble He AOT~HYT AO KOHua HeAenH.

• EcnH Tbl He 3Haewb, ~TO TaKoe aOMHa, ecnH Te6e HeaeAOMO TOCKnHBOO OAHHo~eCTBO nneHa, ecnH Tbl He HCnblTan YlKac nblTOK H nblTKy ronoAOM - Tbl c~aCTnHaee 500 MHnnHOHOa ~enoaeK, KOTopble npoWflH ~epe3 Bce STO.

• EcnH Tbl MOlKeWb aoiiTH a xpaM 6e3 60~3HH 6bITb nOXHllleHHblM HnH y6HTblM, Tbl c~aCTnHBee 3 MHnnHapAoa ~enOBeK Ha STOM 3eMne.

• EcnH y Te6~ eCTb Kpblwa HB/I ronoBoH, eAa H OAelKAa, TO Tbl 60ra~e TeX Tpex ~9TBepTeH HaceneHM~ HaWS" nnaHeTbl, KOTOPbl8 STarn nHweHbl.

,

• EcnH Y Te6~ eCTb C~9T B 6aHKe, HanH~Hble a KowenbKe H MenO% a KonHnKe, Tbl npHHBAnelKHWb K ~Hcny 06ecne~eHHbIX nlOAeii, XoroPblX a MHpe aeero 8 %.

EcnH Tbl ~HTaeWb STOT reKCT, re6e noaeano

BABOHHe, nOCKOnbKy:

• KTO-TO. n03a6OTHnc~ 0 re6e H • Tbl He npHHBAnelKHWb K TeM 2 MHnnHapABM

nlOAeH, KOTopble He YMelOT ~HTaTb.

KaK Tbl /lYMaeWb, KaKHe H3MeHeHH~ AonlKHbl

npOH30HTH a MHpe, ~06bl aTa KapTHHa

yny~WHnaCb ?

KaKHS npaaa, nO-TBOOMY, HapyweHbl B 'AspeaHe'? nOcTapaHc~ ce~aaTb HX c

nOKoneHH~MH npae.

o KaKHe e.IllS npaea MOlKHO CIOAa A06aaHTb?

o 8 KaKOM MHpe XOTBnOCb 6bl lKHTb TS6e?

31

32

,

1 nOCMOTPH Ha 3TH ABpeBbR. 'iTO Te6e cpaay JKB

6pocaercR B maaa? nO~BMy?

2 'iTO Tbl nOHHMaeWb nOA 'ocOOeHHblM',

·OTnHI.tHbIM·, ·HCKTlIO"IMTenbHbIM·, ·HenOXO>KMM·?

rnaSHOK 4enbIO npoAOnJKBIOllleKcR tioPb6b1 ~eno

BeKa sa CBOH npasa RsnR9TCR SCB tioneB aKmSHOB

HcnonbsosaHHB 9mx npas S KBlKAOAHSSHOK JKHSHH.

npaea nOAPaaYMesalOT HB TOnbKO paspatioTKY

COOTBeTCTSYlOl1lIIX MBxaHIlSMOS IIX S8l1l1lTb1 II sHeA

peHIIR S npaKTIIKY, HO II np04BCc nOCTORHHoro IIX

cosepweHCTBosaHIIR AeKnapaUMR npas ~enOseKa

CXOJK8 C paCTYl1lIIM II MeHRlOl1lIIMCR ~enose~eCKIlM

opraHIlSMOM.

HOBoe nOKOneHMB npaB npHSBaHO 38l1l11111aTb

npasa MeHbWIIHCTB II rpynn nlOAeK C 'Oco6eHHblMlI'

HYJKAaMIl.

o.

3 KaKHB nOnOJKHT911bHbIB H OTPII48T911bHbIB

CTOPOHbl BCTb Y CBo~CTBa 6b1Tb 'HBnOXOJKIIM',

'OTnH~HblM' OT oolllenplIHRToro?

4 KaKHB Tbl SHaBWb TaK HaablBaBMblB 'ocOOblB'

rpynnbl nIOAB~ S oollleCTee?

TaK, npaBa ASTBii II lKeHII\MH OTCTaHsalOT paa

pa60TaHHble OOH KOHSBHUMII. Oc06bIB npaBa II

OOR38HHOCTII 6elKBH4I!B TaKJKB pBrynllpYIOTCR

COOTSeTCTSYlOlllllM AOKYMeHTOM. CeK~ac OOH

pa60Taer HBA COSAaHlleM AOKYMeHTa, 38l1lIIl1l8IO

lllBro YLIIIlMneHHblX B npaaax II HBMMYII\MX nll4

(K HIIM OTHOCRTCR OTBBpJKeHHblB OOllleCTBOM nlOAH,

CYAIlMbie II T.A.).

npaBa ~enOBBKa - nnOA BJKB~aCHO MBHRIO

lllB~CR IICTOpllll. n09TOMY O~eBIlAHO, ~o II TB6e, II

TBoeMY nOKonBHll1O saxO~9TCR BHBCTII CBOIO nBmy

B 3TOT npo4BCC B COOTBeTCTBll1l C TBMII IISMBHBHII

RMII, ~aCTHIIK8MII II CBllAerenRMIl KOTOPblX Bbl

CTaHere.

3HaSWb nH Tbl, YTO 03HayaST enOBO "6SlKSHS4"?

"BbIHYJlC,QSHHO nSpsMellleHHos nH40" HflH

·roH~MbIH·?

5elKeH84 - rpaJKA8.HHH CTpaHbl, IOpHAHYSCKH

ee nOKHHYBWHH H B cHny OnaCSHHH CTaTb

lKSPTBOH yrHeT8HH~ HnH nHWHTbC~ lKH3HH

HaweAwHH y6elKHIllS B APyroM rocyAapCTBs.

TOT, KTO HaxOAHT YOOlKHIllS B rpaHH4ax C06CT

BSHHOro roCYAapCTBa, ~Bn~sTC~

BblHYlKAeHHO n8peM81118HHbiM nll40M HnH

roHIIMbIM.

no CTaTHCTHKS BepxoBHoro KOMHccapa no 'AsnaM

6SlKSH4SB OOH, 20 MHnnHOHOB yenOBSK nepeMsc

THnHCb ~3 OAHOH yaCTH cBosii CTpaHbl B APyrylO (BbIHYJlC,QSHHO nepeMslllsHHblS nH4a, B!,YTPSHHHS .

:6elK9H4bl) H oKono 15 MHnnHOHOB HawnH y6SlKHills

B APY""X CTpaHax (6slKeH4bl).

AenaH, 6SlKeHS4 H3 YSYHH, 13 nST:

KOHe'1HO, R He pa,q, . 'ITO HaSb/BaJOCb 6eJK8Hij8M.

3ro nosopHoe HMR. XOTR 5MBCre c reM OHO

03Ha'1a8T H ro, 'ITO, S OmH'1He OT MHornx llPyrnx,

Mbl OCTaIlHCb >KHBbI.

CoIjJHKO, ~HHMa~ H3 A6xa3HH, 14 nST:

K HaweMY CTalYCY roHHMblX Mbl KaK 6y.QTO npH

Sb/KllH, a SOT K roM}', KaK Hac HaSb/BaIDT - H8T.

TepMHf! 'toHUMbIU· He HpaBHTCR HH HaM caMHM, HH

reM, K10 Hac npHIDTWI." OH SS}"/HT YHHSHTBnbHO H

6mro KaJKIiYIO MHHYTY HanOMHHa8T, 'ITO npoUlflOe .

OOSB03sparno norepRHO, '1ro Tbl ocranCIl 68s

KopHei/, ''ITO Tbl - '1enOS8K sroporo copTa ...

no AaHHblM OOH H HopBslKcKoro COBSTa no

OOlKSH4aM, no COCTO~HHIO Ha 2000 roA, Ii rpY3HH:

• 260 183 BblHYJlC,QSHHblX nspscsnsH4sB H3

A6xa3HH,

• 11 918 BbIHYJlC,QSHH'bIX nspecsnsH4sB H3 IOlKHOii

OCSTHH.

B M>lpe

rOA 5elKeHlIbi rOH"Mble

1970

1980

2000

9 MnH.

6 MnH.

14 MnH.

5 MnH.

7 MnH:

20-25 MnH.

no AaHHblM ~a 2000 rnA, 93% BCSX BOOPYlKSHHblX .

npon1BOCTofiHIo1H OTHOCRTCfi K BHyrpeHHMM

KOHlj!nHKTaM ( KOHlj!nHKTaM BHYTPH .CTpaHbl).

OKano 540 MHnnHOHOB A8T8iii (T.S: KalKAblii YSTBep

Tblii) lKHBST B onacHoii H HSCTa6HflbHoii cHrya4HH.

I KaK 'fbi AYMaSWb, .yro oocnOKOHT 3T~X nOApoCTKOB? . .

• KaKHS elllS np06neMbl Y HHX B03HH~aIOT?

I. KaK Tbl caM OTHOCHWbC~ K nIOA~MC TaKHM

CTarycoM? . . .

. .

33

34

"no KOM 3BOH~T KonOKon?" ,/len1 - )f{epTBbf 800pYH<eHHbIX KOHQJmI'KTOBi, 90-e rOAbi

("nonQ)KeHHe AeTe~ B MHpe", IOHI'1CE<!>, 2000)

YfSMTbI • t50nee 2 MMIII1MOHOB

TRlKeno pSHeHbl MnM HsacerAB nOK8lle"leHbI • 60nee 6 MMIUlMOHOB

OCMpoTenM IUIM OTOpB8Hbl OT pojIIIT8IIeil - (ionss 1 M.nflHOHa

nCMxonO .... "IecKM TpaBMMPOBSHbi - MMnnMOHbI Aerei4, ~Hoe 'iMcnO H8M3BBCTHO

S0JK8HIIbI IUIM BblHy>KA8HHble nepeceneHIIbI - 6onoo 15 MHMHOHOB

KOHBBHIIIIIl 0 CTBTYCB CielKBH4BB

npIIHIlT8 rBHBpanbHoii AccaM6nBBii OOH

28 IIlOnR 1951 nlAa.

CTaTbll 33

I lloroBapIIB8IOlllMBCR rocyAapCTBa HB 6yAYT

HIIKOIIM 06pa30M BblCblnaTb IUIII B03BP8Ui8Tb

6BlKBH4BB Ha rpaHII4Y CTpaHbl, rAB IIX lKII3HII

IUIII CBo6oAB yrpolK8eT onaCHOCTb.

CTaTbll 2

Y KBlKAOro 6elKBHI.l8 cytl\BCTBYIOT

06R3arenbCTBa B OTHOWBHIIII CTpaHbI, B

KOTOpO~ OH HaxOAIITCR, B CIUIY KOTOPbIX, B

~aCTHOCTII, OH AonlKBH nOA~IIHRTbCR 3aKOHaM

II pacnopRlKBHIIRM, a TBKlKB MBpaM,

nplIHIIMaBMblM AnR nOAABplKSHIIR

06WBcreBHHOro nOPRAKa.

, CTaTbll3

lloroBapIIB8IOWllBCR rocyABpCTBa 6YAYT

npllMBHRTb nonOlKeHIIR HaCToRwBii KOHBBH41111

K 6elKBH4aM 6e3 KaKoii 6bl TO HII 6blno

, AIICKpIIMIIHa41111 no np"3Hat<y IIX paCbl,

pBnllrllll IInll CTpaHbl IIX npOIICXOlKABHIIR.

CTaTbll 4

1l0roBapIIBalOwllBcR rocYAapcrBa 6YAYT

npeAOCTaBnRTb 6elKBH4aM, HaxoARwlIMCR Ha

IIX repplITOplIRX, no MBHbweii Mepe CTonb lKB

6naronpIIRTHOB nonOlKBHIIB, KaK II CBOIIM

C05crBBHHbIM rpBlKAaHaM, B OTHOWBHIIII

cB060Abi IICnOBBAOBaTb CBOIO pBnllrlllO II

CBo60AbI nPBAOCTaBnllTb ceOIlM AeTRM

pBnllrll03HOB BocnIlTaHIIB.

CTaTbll 16

Ha repplITOplI1I 1l0roB8pllBBlOwBrocR rocyABP"

crea, B KOTOPOM H8XOAIITCR Bro 06b1~HOB

MBCTOlKllrenbCTeO, KBlKAblii 6elKBHB4 6YAeT

nonb30BBTbCR B OTHOWBHIIII npaea 06pawBHIIR

B CYA TBM lKB nonOlKBHIIBM, ~TO.II rpaJKAaHB.

CTaTbll 17-19 II 22

KBlKAblii 6elKBHB4 IIMBeT npaBo pa60TaTb II

non~aTb rocyABpCTBBHHOB 06pa30BaHIIB.

CTaTbll 24

1l0roBapIIBalOlllMBCR rocYAapcrea 6YAYT nPl1Ao

CTaBnRTb 6elKBH48M, 3aKOHHO npolKlIBalOwllM

Ha IIX rePP"Topll, TO lKB nonolKBHIIB, ~TO II

rpBlKAaHaM, B OTHOWBHIIII B03HarpBlKABHIIR 3a

TPYA·

CTaTbIl 28

1l0roBapIIBalOlllMBCR rocyAapcrBB 6yAYT BblAS

BaTb 3aKOHHO npolKlIBalOwllM Ha IIX repp"To

PIIII 6elKBH4BM npoB3AHblB AOt<yMBHTbl AnR

nBpBABlIlKBHIIR 3a npeABnaMII IIX reppIITop"lI,

nocKonbt<y 3TOMY HB npBnRTCTBYIOT YB8lKlIT9nb

HblB npll~IIHbI roCYABpcrBeHHoii 6B30nacHoCTII

II 06WBCTBBHHOro nOPRAKa; K TaKIIM AOt<y

MBHTBM 6YAYT nplIMBHllTbCR nonOlKBHIIR

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20 Ho~6p~ 1959 roAa reHepanbHa~ AccaM6ne~

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nocne po;K,QeHIIR.

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nOKYMeHT COCTOHT H3 30 CTaTei1H naparpaljJoB.

neKllapaLlH~ npae pe6eHKa He HMeST IOPHAH-

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20 HOR6pR 1989 roAB reHepMbHa~ AccaM6neR

OOH eAHHomacHo npHHRna KOHBeHl\M1O 0

npaaax pe6eHKB, comaCHO KOTOPOH KBlKAblH

pe6eHOK II nOAPOCTOK ~Bn~STCR nonHOLleHHblM

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KOHBeHLlII~ 0 npaBax pe6eHKa RanReTCR AOKY

MeHTOM, 06nB/lalOIllIIM IOPIlAH~eCKOH CllnOH, npII-·

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BO BceM MHpe. KOHBeHLlIIR COCTOHT 113 54 nYHKTOB. 3BlIIIITB: pe6eHOK IIMeST npaBO 6blTb 3a1llH-

26 RHsap~ 1990 roAa KOHBeHLlIIR 6blna

npeACTaBneHa Ha nOAnllcaHHe. B TOT lKe AeHb OHa

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35

36

ara IfCTOPIfR npolf30wna B AHmlflf. O,QlfH Manb~IfK

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Ha~IfI1IfCb ...

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1 • , #

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HHOro Rsn8HYlfI. J ----------;---

37

38

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39

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5 "iTO, nO-TBoeMY, 03Ha~aeT 3amaB~e AaHHoro

ypoKa: 'He Bee TO 30nOTO, ~TO 6neCT~T'?

41

42

HenOXO)l(Me, HO paBHOnpaBHble

0I/H1/)I(,I/bI JIOfBaTHbifi peWWlH CosaPWHTb 'ITO-ro f1JBHIlH03H06 S RYXS "Hosoro SpeMflHH" H UTKpbUlH

WKony. OHH peWWlH, '1ro S '1HCnO np9llMBroB SOl1qyr 6sr, na3BHb6 no IlSpeShRM, nnasaHHS H nanElrhI. JlnR

npoc:ron.l OpraHH3lUIHH see JIOfBaTHhlS 3BHHManHCb no 06111f1ii nporpaMMS. YTKa npesocxOllHO -,qaJICs

n;"Iws npef1O/jaSaTSllR - nnasana H nOl1y'lWla amH'IHhlS ~SHKH 311 nanf1Thl, HO sp,opoBO OTCTaBana S 6srs. I1s-Ga sroro sii npHUJnOCh '1acro OCTaBaTbCR S WKans nocns YPOKOS H ,qaJICS 6{JOCHTh nnasaHHS IlflR rom, 'I7t16hl nonpaKTHKOBaTbCR S 6srs. TSK npo.qOJVKanOCh IJO rex nop, nOKa yn<HHhl nspenOH'IaThlfi nanKH Hfi

H3HOCH/1HCh IJO TSKOii CTfInSHH, 'ITO,qaJICS no nnasaHHIO OHa CKaTWIaCh Ha ypoSSHh nocp6lJCTSSHHhIX

OTMBroK. Ho WKana llonyCKana TaKHS OTMSTKH, H nosroMY nosqqy HHKro, KpoMfi caMoii yn<H, HS

nflp6JlOfBan.

B HS'IanS KponHK 6hUJ OmH'IHHKOM no 6sry, HO 3llreM C HHM cny'IWlCR HSPSHhlii Cph/S OT nepesos6}?K

IlSHHR, CSR3BHHOro C 06Y'1f1HHSM no nnSsaHHIO.

5enKa OTnH'IHO nssana no IlSpeShRM, 110 rex nop nOKS fiB HS nOCTHmo )l(fiCTOK06 pa30'IaposaHHfI, KOt;r/S

npenOllBBaTSllh nanBroS norps60Ban OT HfiB S3/JSTSTh C 36MnH ssapx, S ro SpeMR KaK OHa npHShlKlla

nSTaTh C SSPXYWKH IlflpeBa SHHS. KPOMS roro, OT nspeyroMnSHHR Y HSS Ha'lanHCh CYIloporn H OHa

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Open OKS3BnCR TpYllHhlM pe6sHKOM H H}?KIlanCR S COOTBS7r:TSyIOIIISM crporoM 06paIllSHHH. Ha 3IIHRTHRX

no na3BHhlO OH 6hlC7pflS seex IlOCTHran SSpWHHhlllflpeBa, OTCTSHSSR npH SroM npaso noni.30BaTbCR

co6crsSHHhlM MfiTOIlOM.

B KOHUS· ~a KaKoii-ro HSHOpManhHhlii yroPh, SBnHKonsnHo nnasslOlI/Hii, S TS/OKS 6sralOlI/Hii, na3ll1OIIIHii

no ilflPSShRM H HSMHOro nSTSlOlI/Hii, OKssanCR ny~WHM Y'lSHHKOM - H HMflHHO SMY noPY'lWlH ShlCTynHTb C

npolllanhHoii PS'lhlO Ha ShlnycKHOM SS'IflPS.

(OTpbIBOK M3 CKS3KM P.PMB3M "WKona 3Bepeii")

I

BOT TaK H Mbl - Bee OrnHYaeMC~ APyr OT APyra:

KTQ-TO m06HT YHTaTb, KTO • TO yBneKaerC~ CnOpTOM;

y KOro-TO KapHe rnaaa, a y KOro-TO • "YepHble. OAHH

m06~T KflaCCHyeCKYIO My3b1KY, APYll1e npeAnOYH

TalOT Jl)Ka3. HeKoTopble XopoWO TaH4YIOT, a HeKQ

Topble - npeKpaCHO nOIOT. CpeAH Hac eCTb 3M04HQ

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aHHH, a KTO-ro - MycynbMaHHH •..

MHOIl1M nIOA~M HpaBHTC~, YTO OHH OTnHYaIOTC~

OT APYIl1X, yaCTO OHH AalKe roPA~TC~ STOM CBoeM

HenoxOlKecTblO, HHAHBHAYanbHoCTblO H Tpe6ylOT

ee npH3HaHH~.

OAHaKO TaKlKe yaCTO nlOAH HerepnHMbl no OTHO-

KaK Tbl AYMaeWb, YTO npOH30~er, ecnH Bee

nlOAH 6yAYT nOXOlKH APyr Ha APyra?

" weHHIO K HHAHBHAyanbHOCTH, HenOXOlKeCTH APYIl1X

(Hanp~Mep, K APYI"OM perWl1H, KYnbrYpe, K OTnHYHblM

MHeHH~M H B3rl!~)' 'Mbl" H 'OHH" - TaKOB" pa3Ae

neHHe eCTb HenpH~e APYI"OM peanbHOCTH, KOTOpoe

yaCTO craHOBHTC~ npHYHHOM T~lKenblX KOHI!JnHKTOB.

Hy M ~, ecI1M A aucy TOnbKO MonOAYJO

Jl(eHIIIIIHY'I TbI _ BIlAMWb He'lTO OHoe? H yamKBlO M npM3H81O TBOa BMAeHMe, 51 XOIfY

te6sI nOHm. nOMOI'M M MH8 YBM,ReTb TO, "ITO

BlIAMWb Nil

KaK Tbl AYMaeWb, B03MOlKHO nH,

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B~Tb, D.QHaKO STO a6comoTHo B03MO)K

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yeHAen Ha KaprnHe nOlKHnYIO lKeHIljH

HY, KTO-TO - MonOAYIO. iii re, H APYll1e

- npaBbl! Bce BHAenH OAHH H Te lKe

yepHble nonOCbl H 6enble n~THa, HO

KalKAblM BocnpHHHMan HX no-cBoeMy.

AOBonbHO yaCTO MHeHH~ AByX

nlOAeM no nOBOAY yero-nH60 COBna

AaIOT. Ho MHe He OyeHb HHrepeCHO

roeOpll1Tb C TaM, KTO Ta1OK8, KaK ~.

BHAHT Ha KapTHHe TOnbKO MonOAYIO

lKeHIljHHY H BO BceM co MHOii corna-

waerc~. MeH~ npHeneKaer YenOBeK,

KOTOPblM BHAHT MHp nO-APyroMY. iii ~ 4eHIO STO pa3flHYHe.1

HaBepHoe, B03HHKaeT Bonpoc -

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npaea, ecnH nlOAH TaKHe pa3Hble?

IiIMeHHo Afl~ TOro, YT06bl KalKAbl>1

HMen B03MOlKHOCTb 6blTb HenoxOlKHM

Ha APYIl1X, H APyrHe YBalKanH STY

ero HenOXOlKeCTb. B STOM Bce Mbl

paBHonpaBHbl.

iii He TonbKO B STOM. Mbl paBHO

npaBHbl B 06naAaHHH reMH npaBaMH,

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YenOBeKa. aro npaBO Ha lKH3Hb, nHY

HylO 6e30naCHOCTb, 06paaOBaHHe,

MeAH4HHCKYIO nOMOlljb, TPYA H APYll1e.

43

Ctepeorpallila (OT

rp8'feCKOro .crepeoc •• o61.ell ... O, IIpOCTlIIHmeHHwii) -o61.ellHOO I0306pal1eH_ .. _

KOTopoe B03II0lKH0.

Bblpa60taB HlBblK

onpeAeneHHoro BMAeHMI. P83rnRAWBaHH8 mpeGrpalllIW _

OTAWX I'I1838II •

6naroT80PHO BnMJer H8 __ a-

44

'iTo Tbl BH,QIIWb Ha HMlKenpMBeAeHHOH Kaprn

He? C nepBoro B3rnllAll, OT'ieTnMBO npocMaT

pMBalOTc~ 6 nbBMHblX ronOB. EcnH npHCMOT

peTbC~ eUle BHHMarenbHee, MOlKHO pa3rn~

AeTb H APYrHX lKHBOTHblX - 3e6p, lKMpa4lOB ...

8TO - crepeorpaMMa. B HeH 3aKnlOyeHO

06b9MHOe H306palKeHHe Hawero MHpa -

3eMHoro wapa. Ho YT06bl ero YBHAeTb, HaAO

HaCTOHYHBO Brn~bIBaTbC~ B KapTHHY, 6YATO

npoHHKa~ B npoCTpaHCTBo, pacnonolKeHHoe

3a HeH, H TOf'Aa nOCTeneHHO HaYHeT BbIPMCO

BblsaTbCs:! ·3eMn~·.

He nonyyaBTC~? TOf'Aa CMOTPH Ha ABe

yepHblS TOYKH, pacnonOlKeHHblS HaA KapTH-

• •

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a ceMb nbBHHblX ronoB, a nOA HHMH - 06b9M

Hoe H306p8lKsHHS 38MnMI

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YTO B ASHCTBHTsnbHoCTH MMp He TaKOB, Ka

KHM OH KalKeTC~ C nepBoro B3rn~a. Ero

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MHeHH~M - npHMswb H 6YASWb yeaJKaTb OT

nHYHoe OT TBoero MHPOB033peHHSI

CnOBO KOHcjlnMKT npOMCXOAMT OT naTMHcKoro

confligere ("cronKHoBeHMe AByxJ M 03Ha~aer

npoTMBo6opcreo npoTMBOnOnOlKHblX 4eneH,

MHTepeCOB, B033peHMH, n03M4MH M B3rnll,QOB.

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nepeXOAMT B KOHqlnMKT, KOfAa AeHCTB"~ OAHOH "3

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oKasaTbC~ KaK ABa ~enOBeKa, TaK " rpynnbl nIOAeH,

Ha4M", CTpaHbl.

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OH ~Bn~erc~ pe3ynbTaToM pa3n"~"~ Haw"X B3rn~

AOB, nOTpe6H0CT9H Ii lKenaH"H. KOHcjln"KTbI npo"c

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B03MOlKHOCTb

/lIIlI i5oIuoIwuIma nlOllOii lIDHIjImIo _1ICCOIlIIIIPY'! C ..... 10 nnox .... pa3IIYIIIIII1!IbHWII. 0!IHam 110 OTHIOAIo H8 1111. HanpIoIep, .

DIIlIicIoIii """""""" a&>3Ha .... 1IIIIi IUIIIIjrDurr • IqlII3IIC, COCIOIIT .. IIJYI CIIIIIIOII08 - 0IIIICIICICII0 • B03MCIlIIIOOIIo B ~ lBI • 0CTb. 'lam I<DHII>nm IIBIIIIIIII:II _ • ~ ....... pooIII • pa3BIIIIIII. EcmI IIhI • COCIOIIIIIII ynp8IIIIIITb IUIIIIjrDa<1oM, 110

pII3IIIIBB8I • HIIC 'IYBCTB" co&:neHIKIIQ _IIOIBII • o6neNaar OTHoweH" C IIPYfIIMII n .....

45

46

'., C"1Tyall~oHHaSl 3aAa'"la

/IIHOf1ja KOHI/!"HKT MOJKfIT S03HHKHYTD TOf1bKO nHWb .

H3-3.9 TOro, 'ITO KOM}'-TO HpaBHTCII OIlHo

HanpasnSHHS COSpeMSHHOii M}'3bIKH, a KTO-TO -

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HsraTHSH)'IO OTSffTH)'IO peaKLjHIO nlOoorenJl pana.

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o I

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• o KaK.S npaea 6bln. YIllSMnSHbl? KeM?

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KBK MOlKHO pa3pew.Tb KOHC!ln.KT? np.MeH.e CI111Y? nyreM nsperoeopoe? "Pa360pKoil"? npl<AYMail ceoil eap.BHT.

IIIHTepecblCTOPOH

6narolKenarenbHOe OTHOWeHMe K yenOBeKY BO Bpe- neperoBopbl 'npoMCXOA~T nO-pasHoMy.

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yeM saKnlOyaerc~ ero nOSM4M~, YTO CTOMT sa Heii, EcnM OAHa CTopOHa He lKenaer AIDKe cnywaTb

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nOA06Hoe OTHoweHMe K KOH!l>nMKTy HasbIBa9TC~· HYIO nOSM4MIO, He lKenaer ee MeH~Tb M HaAe9TC~

nOAXOAOM C nOSM4Mii MHTepeca. OH nOSBOn~er nlO- Ha co6CTBeHHoe npeBOCXOACTBO, TOrAa 3TO He

A~M Bbl~CHMTb 060lOAHble nosM4MM M MHTepecbl. Ho neperoBopbl, a nOCTaHOBKa ynbTMMIITYMB.

YTO eCTb MHrepec?

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TOro MnM MHOro Bsrn~ MnM lKenaHM •.

An~ TOro YT06bl nOH~Tb, YTO CKPbIBa9TC~ sa lKena

HMeM YenOBeKa, HyJKHO OTBerMTb Ha Bonwe6Hbie

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An~ TOro YT06bl Tbl nOAfOTOBMn MarepMan, KOlO

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06paSOM, ypoK He nOKaJKerC~ re6e CKYYHbIM.

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no KOTOpoii OH npocMT re6~ BblnOnHMTb AOMawHee

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M 060CTpeHM~ OlHoweHMii.

neperoeopbl

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rOBopbl.

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BsaMMoBblroAHOro peweHM~.

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paspewMTb np06neMY.

47

48

~ KBKO. CTpBTerl1e., no-TBOeMY, Mbl

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cnY'lae?

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6 COTpYAHM~eCTeO

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cornBweHMA.

3Tan 5 - BblnonHeHlle cornBweHIlII. no OKOH'

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cnywan.?

- VlMSHHO TBKI

- npDCTlfTB 01110 pa3 ... Bbl He n0H.IIMaere

CBOSro CDIHa TOnbKO nOTOMY, 'ITO OH He )l(e

naer Bac cnywan.?

- lIa, IIMeHHO 370 R II liMen B BIfIlYI

- A MH8 Ka3allOCb, 'fT06bl nOHRTb "ISflOS8KS,

BaM C8MOMjl Ha,aO oro nocnywaTb.

- lIa? lIa, npas,qa ... Ho R )1(0 oro noHIIMalO.

fI nOHIIMalO, 'ITO y HOro ceH'IaC TPYIIHblH

nepllD,Q. Y MeHR Jl))I(e 6bUJII npo6neMbl B ero

e03paCTB. VI 9cn1l R 'ISro-TO He nOHIIMBIO,

TBK TOnbKO TOro, nO'lSMY OH HO )l(enaer MSHR

cnywan.?

MHorHe Ha Hac BElAYT ce6~ no,q06HbiM 06paaOM. KIDKAblH XOyeT, 'IT06bl nOHHManH ero. Ho C8MH Mbl

yaCTBHbKO He nOHHMaeM, 'ITO Ha CBMOM Aene npOHCXOAHT B AYwe APYroro yanOBeKa ...

Pa3nM'IHble ypOBHM cnYWBHMA

CYUleCTBYIOT paanHYHble YPOBHH cnywaHHR. Tbl

MOlKeWb IIrHOpllpOB8Tb co6eceRHHKa H Bo06U1e

He cnywaTb ero. MOlKewb npMTBopMTbCA, 'ITO

cnywaewb. MOlKewb cnywaTb Bbl60pO'lHO, BbiPbl

BaR H3 06U1ero KOHTeKCTa OTRenbHble .<lJpaabl.

MOlKewb cnywaTb BHHMarenbHO, CKOHueHTPHpOBaB

BHHMaHHe Ha cnOBax c06eCElAHHKa.

A MOlKeWb npHMeHHTb TexHHKY BKTIIBHOro

cnywBHMA, HHaye HaablBaeMYIO 3MnBTM'IecKilM

(COYYBCTBeHHbIM) cnywaHHeM. AKrHBHoe cnywaHHe

nORpaaYMeBaer HCKpeHHee CTpeMneHHe my60Ko

nOCTHYb BHYTpeHHHH MHp c06eCElAHHKa, nOH~Tb ero

YYBCTBa, KaK YMOM, TaK H cepRueM. AKTHBHOe

cnywaHHe - npeRnOCblnKa 3<1J!jJeKTMBHbiX

B3aMMOOTHOweHMH.

KaK He HYlKHO cnYWBTb

Tbl MOlKeWb cornawaTbcR HRH He cornBwaTbC~ C

co6eceAHHKOM, HO HHKOrRB He 04llHMB8ii TO, 'ITO

OH CKaaan. Y Hero eCTb npaBO MMBTb co6CTBeHHblH

BamRA Ha BeUlM.

HeRonYCTMMo TaKlKe BblnblTblBBTb YTo-nM60 y

co6eCElAHMKa. OH He RonlKeH YYBCTBOBaTb ce6~

KaK Ha Ronpoce.

MHorHe n106~T ABB8Tb COBeTbI, HO nyywe

npH6epeYb MX Ha nOTOM. BHayane nOCTapaHCR

nOH~Tb co6eceRHMKa, rny60Ko nOCTHYb cyrb

6ecnOKo~UleH ero npo6neMbl.

iii eUle ORHO. Bo BpeMR 6eceRbl He CTapaHCR

06b~CHHTb nOBeReHHe co6eCElAHMKa, HBB~aaTb eMY

co6CTBeHHYIO MHTepnperBlIM10 co6b1TMH. Bee 3TO

He06xoAMMo An~ TOro, 'IT06bl yanOBeK 6eCElAoBan C

T060H OTKPbITO, a He 3BMbIKanC~ B co6CTBeHHbiX

MblcnRX H YYBCTBax.

49

., I ,

50

OIlHIVK,CI&I rHra peWHn nClllenHTbCR co CrapWHM

6paTOM csooii npo(jneMoii.

- Bee, Ha,qoeno! He X04}' 6anbwe XCIIlHTb S wKonyl

- '1(0 C T060ii? PaCCKIllKH-Ka ...

- KaKoii CMbtCII }"fHTbCRI TonbKo SpeMR 3pR

19pRTbl

- 3x, S TSoeM S03paC19 H R raK )l(e !lYMan.

/13}"feHHe HeKOTOpbIX IIHCIjHnnHH H MHe KaaanOCb

nycroii TpaTOii SpSMSHH. Ho nOTOM HMSHHO 3TH

npBIIMSTbt OKa3anHCb CBMbtMH HYXHbtMH. n03TOMY

HS cnSWH.

- 3a'leM MHS 3TOT "HKC nnroc HrpeK", R S9III> BCS

paSHO co6Hp8tOCb CTaTb aSTOMexaHHKOM •..

- ASTOMsxaHHKOM?1 Tbt wyrnWb?

- Boscs Her. rH30, SOH, WKony 6pocHn, pa60Taer

S aSTOeapsHea H, KCraTH, aapa6aT&lBBer HsnnOXHS

IISHbf"H •

- 3TO Tbt ceii'IBc T8K !lYMaewb. A npoii,qer

SpeMR, H Tsoii rH30 6YIIST )l(anerb, 'ITO HS npo-

1I0000Hn }"fooy. /1 TbfIlOlVKSH Y'lHTbCR, RCHO? Bee 3TO IIIfTCKHe SbtXCIIlKH, H HH'ISro 6anbwe.

- Hy HS SH8tO ... rHSO Sl1,Qb xopowo yCTpOHnCR ...

1 KaK~e OW~6KM, no-TBoeMY, 1I0nYCTHn CTapWM~ 6paT B 6eceJ16 C r~ro~? L-1MenM nM Mecro:

a 0lJ,eHK8,

6 BblnblTblsruu1e,

B COBBTbl,

r ~HTepnpBTa4~R.

KaK H8y'lMTbCA 8KTMBHOMY cnYW8HMIO?

nepBblM ar8n - nOBTOpeHMe COlleplKaHMA:

- Bce, Ha,qoenol Hs noii,qy 60nbws S wKonyl

- Toos Ha,qoena WKona, Tbt C'IHraSWb, 'ITO oHa

re6s 60nbwe HS HyxHa.

6paT nOBTOpRBT TO, 'ITO 6b1no cKasaHo r~ro~. He

04eH~BaBT, He ~HTepnpeT~pYBT CKaaaHHoro, H~'1ero

He COBeryBT, npocro npORBnRBT BH~MaH~e K CnOBaM

r~rM. Ho TonbKO OIlHOro STOro H9I!ocraTO'lHO, 'iT06bl

ero nOHRTb.

BTOPOM 3TBn • nepetjlp8aMpOBKa CO/leplKaHMA:

- Bea, Ha,qoenol Hs noii,qy 6anbWS S wKonyl

- Tbt XO'lSWb CKaaaTb, 'ITO HS XO'leWb 6anbWS

XCIIlHTb S WKony.

B STOM cnyyae 6paT nOBTOpRBT CKasaHHOB rMro~,

TOnbKO CBOMMM cnoBaMM. Tax OH nOKaablBaBT, 'ITO

XOyBT npaBHnbHO nOHRTb cKasaHHOB rMro~.

TpeTMM ar8n • oTPBlKeHMB "YBCTB:

- Bea, H8,Cjoenol He noii,qy 6anbWS S wKonyl

- !ht paSO'lBpoBBH.

TaK CTapwM~ 6paT aaocrpRBT BHMMaHMB He Ha

cnoeax, a Ha YYBCTBax c06eCBIIHMKa.

'feraepTbiM ar8n • nepetjlp8aMpoBK8 M

OTpBlKeHMB 'IYSCTB.

3Aecb H}'lKHO COBMecrnTb EiTOPO~ M Tp8TM~ STanbl,

TO BCTb C/lBnaTb nepetjlp8aMpoBKY M OTp8aMTb

'IYBCTB8:

- Bee, Ha,qoeno! Hs noii,qy 6anbWS S WKonyl

- T&I pa30'IapoBBH wKonoii

PasOyapoaaHMe - 'iYBCTBO, wKona - COllep)l(8HMe.

6paT rMrM MCKpeHHe CTapaBTCA nOHATb ero. OH

TalOKe nbITaBTCR nOMO% rMrB paa06paTbCA B ero

MblcnRX M YYBCTBax. rMra y6elKAaBTCR, 'iTO CTapWM~

6paT XOYBT ero BblcnywaTb ~ nOHATb. nOTMXOHbKY,

war sa waroM MCyeaalOT 6apbepbl, M B paaroBope

POlKABBTCA 1I0BepMe.

Te6e MHTBpeCHO, KaKoe lIe~CTB~e BoabiMeno

aKTMBHOB cnywaHMe Ha rMry?

- Bea, Ha,qoenol He noii,qy 6anbWB S wKonyl

- T&I pasO'lapoBBH wKonoii.

- KOHS'IHO, nycraR 3TO TpaTS Bp8MSHH, H 60nbWS

HH'Ierol

- T&I C'IHTaSWb, 'ITO wKona HS npHHOCIfT re6e HHKaKoii nonb3&1.

- Hy ... B KOHS'IHOM C'IS19 ... f1 HB Ha}"fHnCR

HH'IeM}', 'ITO Moma 6bt MHB npHf"O/lHTbCR S )l(HSHH.

BaH, rH30 6pocHn WKony H peMDHTHpyer MaWHHbt.

3,Qoposo aapa6aTbtSaeT, MB)I(IJY npo'lHM .•.

- Tbt C'IHraeWb, 'ITO ruao C/lBnan npaBHnbHbtii

ebOOp?

- Hy, TBK HnH HHa'lS ..• OH Sl1,Qb yxs aapa6aTbtsa

BTl npal1,Qa, MO)l(er, BCKOpe H nO)l(aneer 0 CSOSM

S&lI5ope •••

- Tbt XO'leWb CKaaaTb, rH30 noiiMer, 'ITO C/lenan

HenpasHnbHbtii Sbt60p?

- BOT HMeHHOI B HawS Sp9MR 6e3 06paS088HHR -

HlIKYIIal

- 06pa30BBHHS - 88)l(HaR SSUI/>.

- KOHS'IHOI 5ss IIHnnOMa HbtH'IS xopowsii pa60Tbt

HS HaHTH •.•

\, I I

nOCpe,QHMK

So BpeM~ KOH(jlnMKTa YBnOBeK yaCTO 06palllB9TC~ C

npocb60~ OKB3aTb eMY nOCpe/IHMyeCTBO B OTHowe

HM~X C npOTMBOCTO~llle~ croPOHO~. 11 Ta6e, HaBep

Hoe, npMX0/ll1l10Cb HaxOAMTbC~ B cMryaUMM, KOrAa

TBO~ AIlyr, OAHOKnaCCHMK MnM neAaror BblnonH~nM

ponb nOCp8AHMKa M npMMMpMM KOH(jlnMKrylOlllMe

CTOpoHbl.

Bo BpeM~ KOH(jlnMKTOB, KorAa npOTMeo6opcrsy

IOIilMe CTOPOHbl He lKenalOT roBOPMTb APyr C AIlY

roM, pa3peweHMe KOH(jlnMKTa npOMCXOjlMT npM

nOMolilM MI!IIIIBTOpa (nocpeAHMKa).

MI!IIII84MA - STO neperoBopbl C yyaCTMeM

MBAMaTOpa - nocpeAHMKa, 3BHMMalOlilero

He~TpBnbHYIO n03MUMIO.

nOCpeAHMyeCTeO ('pa360pKM') Mrpaer BBlKHYIO ponb

B "3aKoHax ynMllbl". XOT~ TaM STOT npollecc MMeeT

CTMXM~Hbl~ xapaKTep, AOBonbHo lKeCTKM~ M 6ecno

IllBAHbl~. K TOMY lKe, YenoBeKY, oCYllleCTBn~lOlileMY

pa360PKY, He YAaerc~ 6blTb HenpeAB3~TbIM (06beK

TMBHbIM), M nOSTOMY npaBa~ CTopoHa yaCTO OKa3bl

Ba9TC~ He3acnYlKeHHO HaKa3aHHO~.

MHorne KYnb TYPbl Ha npOT~lKeHMM BeKOB Mcnonb-

3YKlT noCpeAHMyeCTBO An~ pa3peweHM~ KOH(jlnMK-

. TOB M cnopHblx BonpocoB. Ce~yac BO MHorMX CTpa

Hax neAaroroB B YHMBepCMTaTax 06yYalOT MCKYC

CTBY MeAMBllMM. B llenoM p~e aMepMKaHCKMX WKon

(jlYHKUMOHMpylQT Kny6bl MBAMaTopoB. YYeHMKM-MBAM

aTopbl HOC~T ABlKe CnellMBnbHble 3HaYKM, M n1060~

yenOBeK MOlKer 06paTMTbc~ K HMM 3a nOMolilblO.

nBAarory yaCTO npMxoAMTC~ MrpaTb ponb MeAM

aTOpa, nOCKonbKY eMY nopyyeHO COSAaHMe cnOKO~

HO~ M 6narolKenaTanbHO~ aTMoc(jlepbl B WKone.

HCKyCCTBO MeAMa~MM

11 Tbl MOlKeWb CTaTb MeAMaTopOM. MOlKewb BMeCTe

C O/IHOKnaCCHMKaMM COSAaTb Kny6 MeAMaTopoB, rAe

Tbl M TBOM poeecHMKM 6YAere YYMTbC~ OyeHb

none3HOMY M HYlKHOMY B lKM3HM MCKYCCTBY MeAM

allMM. Cnoc06HOCTM M HaBblKM MeAMaTOpa npMro

A~TC~ nOBCIOAY - TaM, rAe B03HMKaer KOH(jlnMKT -

AOMa M 3a ero npeAenaMM, B ceMbe, wKone, BY3e,

B 6M3Hece, Ha nOnMTMyeCKO~ apeHe M T.A.

npOlleAYpa MI!IIIIB4MM B OCHOBHOM COCTOMT M3 TaX

lKe STanoB, YTO M 06blYHble neperoBopbl. OAHaKO

nOCKonbKY OHa npMMeH~9TC~ npeMMYlileCTeeHHo BO

BpeM~ Kpa~He o6OCTpeHHblX npoTMBOCTO~HM~,

KorAS cropoHaMM BnBAelOT CMnbHble SMOUMM, SAeCb

A06aBn~9TC~ HeCKQnbKO AonQnHMTenbHblX STanOB M

cnoco6oB.

HyneBOM 3T8n. nPeAB8pMTel1bH8A BCTpe'lB

MI!IIIIBTOpB no OTAenbHOCTM C I18)1(AOM M3

npOTMBOCTOAI1IMX CTOpOH.

9roT STan - T.H. KOKyC - 06~38TaneH, ecnM

B03HMKaer onaCHOCTb TOro, YTO HeynpaBn~eMble

SMOUMM MOryl nOMeWaTb npolleccy MeAMBUMM. Ha

STOM STane MeAMaTOp npMMeH~er aKTMBHoe

cnywaHMe M BeHTMn~IlMIO SMOllM~.

nepBblM 3TBn. BCTynMTenbHoe cnOBO

MI!IIIIBTOpB

MeAMaTOp c006lllaeT CTopOHaM, YTO

• OHM npMwnM no CBoe~ Bone M TaK lKe BonbHbl B

nlO6oe BpeM~ nOKMHYTb neperoBopbl;

• TOnbKO OT HMX 3BBMCMT, KaKoe 6YAeT npMH~TO

peweHMe;

• KOH(jlMjleHllMBnbHOCTb 6YAer c06nlOAeHa .

Ha nepBOM STane MeAMaTOp BMeCTe C

npeACTaBMTan~MM CTOPOH Bblpa6aTblBaer npaBMna,

KOTopble AonlKHbl 06nerYMTb npOllecc neperoBopOB.

HanpMMep:

- He nepe6MBaTb APyr APyra

- He ynoTpe6n~Tb HelleH3ypHble BblPBlKeHM~ M T.A.

3a nepBblM cneAYIOT YlKe M3BeCTHbl.e STanbl

neperoBopoB:

BTOPOM 3TBn - BblCTynneHMA CTOPOH

TPBTMM 3TBn - BbiAcHeHMe MHTepecOB

'ieraepYbiM 3T8n - nPeACTBBneHMe

np8AnOlKeHMM

nATbiM 3T8n - BblHeceHMe peweHMA -.

cornaweHHe

WecToM.3Tan - BbinonHeHMe corn8weHMA

51

52

KBKMM AOlDKeH 6b1Tb MI!AltBTOp?

rnaBHa~ 06~3aHHOCTb MSAMaTOpa - OPraHM3aL\lt~

npo4seca MSAMa4MM. An~ STOro OH comaCOBblBa9T

co CTopoHaMM BpSM~, MSCTO nsperoBopoB,

KonMYSCTBO yyaCTHMKOB M nspeYSHb BonpocoB,

npeAflaraSMblX K paCCMOTp9HMIO.

TpM maBHblX npMH4Mna MBAMa4MM:

e HenpllAB3ATOCTb (HeiiTpanbHOCTb) -

MBAMaTOp 06~saH 6blTb OAMHaKOBO 6naropac

nOnO)l(SHHblM K 06SMM npoTMBOCTO~IllMM CTD

pOHaM. OH He CYAMT 0 TOM, KTO npas, KTO BMHO

BaT, a CTpSMMTC~ K COSAaHMIO COOTB9TCTBYIOIllSii

06CTaHOBKM AOBSPM~, AB6bl CTOPOHbl MMsnM B03-

MO)l(HOCTb CB060AHO BblpBlKaTb CBOM MHeHM~ M

AOCTMraTb cpmaCMR

eAo6pOBonbHOCTb -

npOTMBOOOpCTBYlOlllMe CTOPOHbl yYaCTBYIOT B

nsperoBopax no cBoeii Bone M MOryl nOKMHYTb

MX B nlOooii MOMeHT.

e KOHcjlMjleHlVlanbHOCTb -

MeAMaTOp AOn)l(eH coxpaHMTb B TaiiHe Bee, YTO

6YA9T o6cyll<ABTbC~ cropoHaMM B npo4ecee

neperoBopoB.

H~ cnoco6HOCTM, HaBbIXM M I1(104IlAYIlbl

nOMOralOT MeAMBTOpy PYKOBOAMTb npo4S0c0M

nspsroBOPOB HaMoonee stI$eKTMBHblM oopa30M:

CaMblii BBlKHblii M HaM YlKe XopoWO 3HaKOMblii

cnocoo - BKTMBHoe cnYWBHMe.

3MOIVIM, cjlaKTbI. OAMH M3 HaBbiKOBMeAMa4MM -

OTAeneHMe (jlaKTOB OT SMOL\ltOHanbHblX Bb1CKa3bl

BaHMii yyaCTHMKOB neperosopOB. HanpMMep, ecnM

.np9ACTaBMTenb OAHOii M3 CTOPOH roBOPMT: "OH BO

pBanc~ B KOMHary KaK 6eweHblii, 6pOCMnC~ K Moeii

KHMre M paaopBan ee B KflOYb~", MeAMaTOp BblAe

n~eT M3 Bcero CKa3aHHoro nMWb (jlaKTbl: "EcnM ~

npaBMnbHO nOH~n, Bbl XOTMT9 CKBsaTb, YTO OH npo

HMK B KOMHary, B3~n M nopBan Bawy KHMry7" Ilpy-

. rMMM cnoBaMM, MeAMaTOp (jlMnbTPY9T BCe Bb1CKa3bl

BaHM~, OTAen~~ (jlaKTbl OT TOro SM04MoHanbHoro

HacnoeHM~, KOTopoe MO)l(9T Bbl3BaTb pa3ApBlKeHMe

npoTMBOCTO~lllsii CTOpoHbl.

"BeHTMnAIVIA 3MOIVIM" - STO OAMH M3 HlOaHCOB

aKTMBHoro cnywaHM~. Bo BpeM~ paaroBopa MeAM

aTOp nep9Aa9T T9 YYBCTBa(SMOL\ltM), KOTOpble ana

ASIOT CTOPOHaMM ("~ BMlKY, YTO Bbl B3BOnHOBaHbl,

nOlKanyii, B AaHHOM cMryaL\ltM M HS Momo 6blTb

MHays"), HO HS CYAMT 0 npaBMnbHOCTM MX n03M4Mii.

I1cKpsHHSS 06cyl1<ASHMS SMOL\ltM M MX npM3HaHMS

cnOBHO "BSHTMn~4MOHHa~ CMCT9Ma". "OXfl8)I(AalOr"

SMOL\ltM M AalOy B03MO)l(HOCTb CTopoHaM cnOKOMHse

paCCMOTp9Tb npOOneMY. BeHTMn~4M~ SMOL\ltM

npMMSHMMa Ha nlO60M STane MSAMa4MM, HO yalllS

Bcero SS Mcnonb3YlOT SO BpSM~ "KOKYCa".

TeCT HB peanbHOCTb - YlKS 3HaKoMblii cnoco6,

COCTO~IllMii B "T9CTMpOBaHMM" psanbHOCTM PSWSHMii,

npMH~TbIX cropoHaMM, nyreM(jlopMynMpoBaHMA

COOTB9TCTBYIOIllMX BonpocoB ("YTO cnyYMTC~,

eenM ... ·, -8 ,Q,9HCTBMTeflbH0C1l1 flM aTO TO, "iero BaM

XOT9nOCb 7").

MOSroBOM WryPM - OyeHb BBlI<Ha~ npo4eAYpa. OH

cnoco6CTBY9T Bbl~aneHMIO pasnM.YHbiX BapMaHTOB

peweHMA npOOflSMbl M npMHATMIO COBMeCTHblX

peweHMii.

VlpaKnl1ii Y'lIIIlCR S o,aHoii 06b1KHo

SeHHOii WKonS 11 KSK see sro POSBCHI1K11, C HffTfIpnSHI1SM ~an

6onbwoii nepeMSHbl, 'ffiJ6bl noroHRTb

MR~ SO 1lB0pe. '-/ro"'lTO - a I1rps S

cf1yr6on SMY RsiiCTBl11el1bHO

YRSsansCO. VlpSKnl1ii I1rpan HSCTonbKO

XopoWO, ~10 o,aHOKnSceHI1KI1

npo3sanl1 sro 77ens' 11 sbl6panl1

KSnl1TaHOM KOMS'lllbl.

OJIH~bl Cl,QIfH 113 crspweKnSC

CHI1KOS npe.qnO)l(1IIl VlpaKnl1lO rpyr-60nbHblii MSN HS cnop. npOl1rpas

Wl1ii ROJVKeH 6bU/ np11HBCTI1·50 nspl1.

VI ... cny~IIIlOCb HSS03MO)l(HOS:

KOMS'lllS 77ens' npol1rpans. Crspws

KnSceHI1K 0103san VlpSKnI1R S

croPOHY, Ran eMY COSCBM Mano

speMeHI1 HS 10, 'ffiJ6b1 ROCTaTb

ReHbfll, 11 npl1rp03l11l, ~10 BC/111 ReHsr

S cpoK HS 6YJ1BT ...

VlpaKnl1ii HS CKSsan 'UlSHSM csoeii KOMS'lllbl, ~10 npol1rpan nspl1. Y)I(SCHO

PSccrpoeHHblii, OH ornpaSIIIlCR ROMOii •. TSM OH

nepSblM RenOM 6POCllllCR K csoeii KonllllKS 11

pa36111l es. TaM 6bU/0 nl1Wb HSMHOro ReHsr.

VlpaKlll1ii nepesspHyn sspx RHOM SBCb ROM, HO

60nbwe HI1~Sro HS Hswen. n010M OH co6pan see CSOS 6oran;rs0 (MSPKI1, KScceTbI, fUlSKSTbI) 11

nP,OJlan sa KonsiiiKI1 COCe,qCKOMY Manb~I1WKS. ,aSHsr

SCB paSHO 6bU/0 He,qOCTa1O~HO. nORenl1TbCR

Henpl1RTHOCTbIO C pCl,llI1TBnRMI1 VlpaKnl1ii HS

OCMenIlllCR. BCID HO% OH TaK 11 He cOMKHyn mS3 .••

YrpoM Manb~I1K ompaSIIIlCR S WKony. Hs

6onbwoiii nepeMSHS OH JlS)l(S HS cnyCTllllCR so . 1lB0P. PS3MblwnRR H8,Q csoeii H93SS'lllHoii Y'lScrblO,

VlpaKlll1iii e,qpyr YSlIIlen HS crons y~l1T8nbHl1l1bl

OTK{JblT}'/O CYMKJ'. OmRJjen KIlSce •.. HI1Koro ...

Co6nS3H 6bU/ Senl1K - Manb'lI1K no,aowen K CYMKS ...

HOO)l(IIIlSHHO RSSPb pacnSXHYnSCb, 11 S KIlSce

Bowne Y'll1T8nbHI1I1S •..

C KeM 6bl nOAeJ1~ne~ Henp~~THoCTblO Tbl, OKIDK~eb Ha MeCTe Ii1paKn~~? a e ~rpoKaM~ eeoeM KOMaHAbl, 6 e POA~ren~M~, B e y~~renbH~L\eM.

KaKYIO nOMOlllb, nO-TBoeMY, Mom~ 6bl OKa3aTb re6e TBO~ TOBap;"lll~ no KOMaHAe?

KaKa~ pea~~ Morna 6blTb y Y'I~renbH~L\bl, KOrAS OHa·3SCTana Ii1paKn~~ Y OTKPblTOM CYMK~?

KaK 6bl OHa OTpearnpOBana Ha 06b~eHeH~~ Ii1paKn~~? nOMoma 6bl B peweH~~ np06neMbi? KaK?

53

54

npo'IT\1 BblwBonHcaHHYIO CHTya~HIO CBOHM

po/IIITen~M H nOnpocH HX OTBBTHTb Ha eneAYlOlllHB

Bonpocbl.

1 KaK Bbl ee6~ nOBBABTe, BenH Baw peOOHoK

nonpocHT Y Bac onpeAeneHHYIO CYMMy?

B AaAHTB 003 nHWHHX enOB,

6 HB AaAHTB,

B cnpocHTB, 3a4BM eMY AeHbrll.

2 Bac Bbl3blBalOT B wKony H CCI06L1lalOT, 4TO Baw

pe6eHoK 6bln ynH4BH B BopoBCTBe. Bbl:

B 6YABTe 3all\HIl\aTb cBgero peOOHKa, AaJI<e eenH

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npHH4Mnbi H SBpa MaxaTMa raH/IM S03b1MBnM ABMCTBMB Ha pasYM M 4YSCTBa 200 000 4BnOSBK

(HacenBHMB ycrpaHBanO CM,QR4MB aK4MM, HB nnaTHnO HanOr>1, HB RBnMQCb Ha pa6oTy), KOTOP";X BMy

YAanocb y6BAMTb 06bBAMHMTbCR M 6opoTbCR 5MBCTB npaTMs HaCHnMR.

"MOR MI1CCHR HS orpaHl1~l1saBTCR mnbKO cso6oRoii 11H/ll111. OHa n0ll{Ja3}'Mssaer aHanl13 3TOre> nOHRTl1R, a TaJOKS ap}')l<6y 11 93BI1MonOHI1MaHI1S M9JI\!IY nlO,qbMI1'.

MaxaTMa raHAH

MapTMH I1IOTep KMHr

MapTMH nlOTep KHHr POAHnCR 15 RHBapR 1929 roAa B AmaHTB (wTaT A>K0PAll<MR) S CBMbB TBMHOKO)O(HX.

HBCMOTPR Ha TO, 4T0 K TOMY SpeMBHM pa6CTBo 6bln0 YlI<B ABBHO OTMBHBHO, TBMHOKO)O(BB HacenBHHB no

npell<HBMY McnblTblBano KPaMHlO1O HYlO<AY M AMCKPMMMHa4MIO.

MapTMH nlOTBp KMHr 6bln AOKTOPOM TBonorHM. KaK xpMCTMaHHH, OH 6bln my6oKo y6B)O(ABH, 4T0

HaCMnHB M HeHaBMCTb MOryT 6blTb no6e)O(ABHbl npHMHpBH4BCTBOM H nlO60BblO.

B 1964 roAY BMY 6bma npHCYlI<ABHa H06BnBscKaR npeMMR. B 1965 roAY TBMHOKO)o(BB HaCBnBHHB

nonY4Hno npaso Ha Y4acrnB S Sbl60pax. B 1968 roAY 6BnbiM A>KBMMC 3pn PBM cMBpTBnbHo paHMn

39-nBTHero MapTMHa nlOTBpa KHHra. 3Ta TparBAMR 3aCTaBHna COAPOrHYTbCR SBCb MMp.

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63

64

nepBaSi Ho6eneBcKaSi npeMVlSI "3a YKpenneHVle Mlo1pa" 6blfla BpyyeHa B 1901 rOAY. B pa3Hbie

rOAbl ee naypearaM&.1 CTanVl:

1901 AHPH lKaH )lJoHaH, KpacHblH KpeCT

1905 SePTa IPOH 3yrHep

1906 TeoAop PyaeenbT

1917 MelKAYHapoAHblH KOMHTBT KpacHoro KpeCTa (ICRC)

1919 TOMac ByApo BHnbCOH

1922 <l>PHTbOlP HaHceH

1938 HaHceHoecKaR MelKAYHapo/lHalI OpraHH3alII1R no nenaM SelKeHljee

. 1944 MelKAYHapoAHblH KOr-'HTBT KpacHoro KpeCTa (ICRC)

1950 SepTpaH Paccen

1950 Panbljl j:1>KOHCOH SaH~

1952 Anb6ePT WBeHljep

1954 CnY>K6a BepxoeHoro KOMHccapa OOH no nenaM SelKeH4eB (UNHCR)

1963 MelKAYHapoAHblH KOMHTBT KpacHoro KpeCTa H nHra 061JleCTe KpacHoro Kpec'ra

1964 MapTHH nlOTBp KHHr

1965 ICEF, nBTCKHH <l>OHA OOH

1969 MelKAYHapoAHalI OpraHH3BljHR TPYA8 (ILO)

1971 BHnnH SpaHAT

1973 reHpH AnbljlpeA KHCCHHAlKep H ne J:1bIK Txo (OT npeMHH oTKaaancR)

1975 AHApeH CaxapoB

1977 MelKAYHapoAHalI AMHHCTI1R (Amnesty International).

1979 MaTb Tepeaa (e MHPY ArHBC rOffA)Kll SOHBAlKHY)

1981 CnYJK6a BepxoBHoro KOMHccapa OOH no nenaM SelKeHljee (UNHCR)

1983 nex BaneHca

1984 neCMOHA Tyry

1988 MHporeop~ecKHe CHnbl OOH (Peace Keeping Forces)

1989 14-blH nanaH-naMa (TeHA3HH rbRTCO)

1990 MHXaHn CepreeBH~ rop6a~ee

1991 AYH CaH Cy '-IlKH

1992 PHro6epTa MeH~Y

1993 HenbcoH MaHAena H <l>p9AepHK BHnneM Ae KnepK

1994 51cHp ApalPaT, WHMOH nepec H IiIljXaK Pa6HH

1995 j:1>KoaelP P0T6naT

1996 Kapnoc Seno H Xoce PaMoc-Xopta

2001 OOH H KOIPH AHHaH

I; i

I

npMHLum MMn ..... rn cocy~ecTBoBaHMH

CTapblH rolll1HCCKHH /1BOpHK ... BHHTOSblB nSCTHH

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65

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67

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71

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73

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European Court 01 Human Rights Council 01 Europe

F - 67075 Strasbourg-Cedex Tel: 33 (0)3 88 41 20 18

Fax: 33 (0)3 88 41 27 30

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