A evolução da produção de carne ovina mundial e união européia

8/14/2019 A evoluo da produo de carne ovina mundial e unio europia

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THE EVOLUTION OF SHEEP MEAT PRODUCTION INTHE WORLD AND EUROPEAN UNION

I. RDUCU USAMV-Bucharest

Key words : evolution, meat production, sheep.

SUMMARY

The aim of this paper was to analyze the evolution of sheep meat production worldwide and in theEuropean Union. World production of meat in 2009 was 283,887 thousand tonnes of which 8,240 thousandtonnes is sheep meat, i.e. 2.9% of the total. Sheep meat production worldwide has increased continuously,

reaching to be with 7.5% higher in 2009 than in 2000. The average carcass of sheep worldwide in 2009 was15.6 kg, being relatively stable in the period 2000-2009. The hardest carcasses are obtained in the NorthAmerican continent (28.7 kg) and Oceania (19.2 kg) and on other continents is almost similar to the worldaverage (15.6 kg). In the European Union, in 2009, the official production of sheep meat and goat meat wasaccounted to 808 thousand tonnes and the import was accounted to 271 thousand tonnes, which it means aself-sufficiency of only 75.7% and the difference must be imported from other parts of the world.

1. MATERIAL AND METHOD

The aim of this paper was to analyze the evolution of sheep meat productionworldwide and in the European Union, especially regarding production of sheep meat, thenumber of slaughtered sheep, the sheep carcass weight, the consumption and the pricesfor sheep meat. For achieving these goals we have studied the official statistical data, we

calculated the percentage differences between the reference years and we interpreted theobtained data.

2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Worldwide there are many sheep meat producing countries, but among them aresome countries such as Britain and New Zealand, where the predominant orientation isfor meat production. In Britain, the orientation was to improve breeds strictly unilateralfor meat production, on the basis of application of appropriate technologies, which alsocontributes the climate and constant humidity, which translates through high qualitysucculent pastures, which eventually led to getting a better quality of sheep meat. Also, incountries with advanced animal husbandry continued action to improve the specialized

meat breeds and create new ones, while improving the precocity and the carcass qualityof sheep breeds from around the globe.

World production of meat in 2009 was 283,887 thousand tonnes of which 8,240thousand tonnes is sheep meat, i.e. 2.9% of the total. As a result, and the ever-increasingrequirements for this product in Asian and Western countries, sheep meat becameincreasingly in demand in the international market, so that sheep meat productionworldwide has increased continuously, reaching to be with 7.5% higher in 2009 than in2000 (see table 1). According to FAO, world meat production of sheep arrived in 2009 to8.24 million tonnes, achieving an annual growth rate of 0.83% in the 2000-2009 period. It


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also can find that sheep meat production recorded the biggest progress in Asia (19.1%),followed by the African continent (13.9%), while production fell on other continents, theobvious decreases were seen in Europe (20.5%) and especially in EU countries (28.4%),and with smaller-scale reductions in North and Central America (3.2%), South America(5.1%) and Oceania (6.3%).

Table 1The evolution of sheep meat production worldwide

(Source: FAO, 2011) - thousand tonnes -

Specification 2000 2009 Differences (%)2009/2000

Africa 1,106 1,260 +13.9 North and Central America 154 149 -3.2South America 253 240 -5.1Asia 3,517 4,189 +19.1Europe 1,413 1,123 -20.5Oceania 1,213 1,137 -6.3European Union 1,200 878 -28.4Total world 7664 8240 +7.5

At country level, the main producer of sheep meat is China, with 2,015 thousandtonnes produced in 2009, followed by Australia with 730 thousand tonnes and NewZealand with 478 thousand tonnes of (see table 2). Significant increases in meat

production in the period 2000-2009, there is especially in the countries of the Asian and

African continents and in Russia, while in other countries, production has remainedrelatively stable or declined more or less significant.

Table 2Top 10 producing countries of sheep meat in 2009

(Source: FAO, 2011) - tonnes -Rank Countries Production

1 China 2,014,5802 Australia 730,1433 New Zealand 478,1674 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 350,6635 United Kingdom 303,5326 Turkey 262,9987 India 239,7668 Syrian Arab Republic 192,5629 Algeria 187,000

10 Russian Federation 164,492

In the case of the number of sheep slaughtered in the world for meat productioncan be observed (table 3) that had as meat production, a slight increase in the periodunder review, rising only 6.3% higher in 2009 compared with 2000. And in this respect,


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Asia recorded a higher growth compared to other continents (17.2%), with the Africancontinent (16.0%), while on the North American continent is found a relative stagnation,while in Europe there is a significant decrease (18%), and especially in EU countries(24.6%).

Table 3Evolution of the number of slaughtered sheep in the world

(Source: FAO, 2011) - thousand head -

Specification 2000 2009 Differences (%)2009/2000

Africa 78160 90660 +16.0 North and Central America 6035 6060 +0.4South America 19056 18427 -3.3

Asia 228313 267614 +17.2Europe 91523 75071 -18.0Oceania 63780 58917 -7.6European Union 78931 59525 -24.6Total world 486919 517692 +6.3

In the world, growth rate of the number of slaughtered sheep, as it was expected,is generally correlated with that of sheep meat production in all geographic regions (table4).

Table 4Comparing growth rates between the number of slaughtered sheep and sheep meat

production ( %)

Specification Sheep meat production Number of sheep

slaughteredAfrica +13.9 +16.0

North and Central America -3.2 +0.4South America -5.1 -3.3Asia +19.1 +17.2Europe -20.5 -18.0Oceania -6.3 -7.6European Union -28.4 -24.6Total world +7.5 +6.3

Depending on consumer food preferences (some prefer lamb and other meat fromanimals fattened adult) and operating system, carcass weight varies from one continent toanother (table 5). The average carcass of sheep worldwide in 2009 was 15.6 kg, beingrelatively stable in the period 2000-2009. The hardest carcasses are obtained in the NorthAmerican continent (28.7 kg) and Oceania (19.2 kg) and on other continents is similar tothe world average.


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Table 5The carcass weight of sheep (lambs + adults) worldwide

(Source: FAO, 2011) - kg - Specification 2000 2009

Africa 14.1 13.8 North and Central America 28.6 28.7South America 13.6 12.9Asia 15.4 15.6Europe 15.4 14.9Oceania 19.0 19.2European Union 15.2 14.4Total world 15.7 15.6

Meat of sheep provides a rate of 50-80% of meat consumption in somegeographical areas as the Middle East, Central Asia and Oceania. The biggest consumersof sheep meat are the Muslim population, followed by the people of Western Europeancountries, New Zealand and Australia.

In the European Union, in 2009, the official production of sheep meat and goatmeat was accounted to 808 thousand tonnes and the import was accounted to 271thousand tonnes, which it means a self-sufficiency of only 75.7% (table 6).

Table 6Supply balance sheep meat and goat meat in EU

(Source: European Commission, 2010)

(1) Carcass weight; (2) Carcass weight - All trade with the exception of live animals; (3) All trade in carcass weight, with the exception oflive animals (figures based on imports); (4) EU-25; (5) Official production only

As regards EU imports, New Zealand is by far the main (84%) origin of sheepmeat followed by Australia (8%) and (to a lower extent) Argentina, Chile and Uruguay(around 2% each). Concerning the meat production trend in EU, there is a slightcontinuous decrease since 2007 which is likely to be continued to 2010. However, the


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(1) Slaughter weight - (2) Heavy lamb - (3) Light lamb.

Figure 1. Market prices for sheep meat in EU (EUR/100kg) (1)

3. CONCLUSIONS

1. World production of meat in 2009 was 283,887 thousand tonnes of which8,240 thousand tonnes is sheep meat, i.e. 2.9% of the total. Sheep meat productionworldwide has increased continuously, reaching to be with 7.5% higher in 2009 than in2000.

2. The average carcass of sheep worldwide in 2009 was 15.6 kg, being relativelystable in the period 2000-2009. The hardest carcasses are obtained in the North Americancontinent (28.7 kg) and Oceania (19.2 kg) and on other continents is almost similar to theworld average (15.6 kg).

3. In the European Union, in 2009, the official production of sheep meat and goatmeat was accounted to 808 thousand tonnes and the import was accounted to 271thousand tonnes, which it means a self-sufficiency of only 75.7%. The EU number ofsheep slaughtered decreased (-24.6%) from 2000 to 2009 and is expected to decreaseslightly in the near future. The average price for sheep meat in EU is 417 euro/100 kgheavy lamb carcass and 643 euro/100 kg light lamb carcass.

REFERENCES

1. Elisabeth Rohner-Thielen (2010): Agriculture and fisheries. Statistics in focus 10/2010, Eurostat.2. Rou , I. et. al.. (2010): Studies regarding the influence of sheep feeding upon lambs development

during milking period. XVth International Congress on Animal Hygiene, Vol. III, p. 1205-1207,Vienna, Austria.

3. *** (2010): Europe in figures. Eurostat yearbook 2010.4. *** (2010): Agriculture in the EU. Statistical and Economic Information Report 2010.5. *** (2011): www.fao.org.
http://www.fao.org/http://www.fao.org/

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A evolução da produção de carne ovina mundial e união européia