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Regional Policy Approaches and Harmonization: A Latin American Perspective JOSE H. FISCHEL DE ANDRADE* Abstract There is a growing trend towards the harmonization of norms and procedures in a variety of legal fields, including refugee law. While the 1951 Convention can guide the systematization of current practice, flexibility will often depend on regional realities, values and experiences. Ideally, regional policy approaches to refugee protection should complement this regime, but without neglecting the general principles endorsed by the international community. In this paper, the author examines regional policy approaches and the processes of harmonization. He refers to the different definitions in Latin America with regard to refugees and people in need of international protection, and to existing procedures for determining refugee status in the region. The author takes note of UNHCR's position on die policy of regional harmonization, and refers to the pragmatic approach adopted in the 1984 Cartagena Declaration. In his view, regional harmonization of legislation in Latin America is necessary to avoid conflicts and contradictory solutions to similar problems, and he suggests mat both UNHCR and the supervisory organs established under the 1969 American Convention of Human Rights could play a useful role in this area. So far, only a very limited number of countries in Latin America have enacted refugee legislation and established procedures for the formal recognition of refugees, and the author makes a number of recommendations for a regionally harmonized approach, suggesting that it is in the interest of States to avoid unregulated policies. 1. Introduction The question of regional approaches arises within the context of the growing trend in this direction and towards the harmonization of norms * LLM in International Law (USP, Sao Paulo), Diplomi (Institut International des Droits de l'Homine, Strasbourg), Member of the International Law Association (ILA) Committee on Refugee Procedures. This article is based on a revised version of a paper presented on 23 Oct. 1996, at the proceedings of the Committee on Migration and Nationality Law on the occasion of the 26th Biennial Conference of the International Bar Association (IBA), held in Berlin from 20—25 Oct. 1996. The author is a staff member of UNHCR, but the views expressed are his personal views and are not necessarily shared by UNHCR or the United Nations. International Journal of Refugee Law VoL 10 No. 3 © Oxford University Press 1998

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