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Associação Alumni Department of English Rua Alexandre Dumas, 2220 04717-004 São Paulo SP Fone: (11) 5644-9700 e-mail: [email protected]

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Master 1 add-on – November, 2016 1

1 THE COURSE AT A GLANCE

1. If you’re in Master 1, your internationally recognized level of English is B2, which means

independent user / upper intermediate. Google “CEF + B2” to learn more.

2. Master 1 is not a business course, but it was written specifically for people whose main

objective is to improve their English for professional purposes - either now or in the near future.

3. Master 1 will help you develop the four skills, with an emphasis on speaking and listening, which

the overwhelming majority of our students prioritize.

4. You’ll also learn a lot of new vocabulary that you’ll be able to use at work.

5. In this course, you’ll also learn how to sound more formal in English, if the situation so

requires.

6. At upper intermediate level, there’s some “new” grammar to be learned, but not much. So, as

a rule, we will focus on helping you use the grammar you’ve been exposed to with more precision

and confidence.

7. Your coursebook is called Viewpoint 1 and it’s published by Cambridge University Press. You

will use both the student’s book and the workbook.

8. Master 1 will cover units 1 to 5. Master 2 will cover units 6 to 10. Units 11 and 12

(not particularly useful) will be skipped. By the way, don’t expect your teacher to do every single

exercise in the book. Our goal is not to cover the book, but to help you improve your English. The

book is a means, not an end in itself.

9. This add-on is an integral part of the course. You will use it almost every week.

10. The stressed syllables of words that Brazilians typically mispronounce are colored in pink.

11. The active add-on vocabulary, to be recycled and tested, is always colored in blue.

12. You should self-check all the homework activities from the workbook. The answer key is

available online.

2 Master 1 add-on – November, 2016

13. Master 1 comprises 34 classes of 80 minutes, plus approximately 12 hours of online

activities. To access the online component, go to www.alumni.org.br and find “central do aluno.”

Enter the login information you received when you enrolled. If click on “esqueci meu login.”

you don’t remember your login.

14. The online component has dozens of extra grammar and vocabulary activities to help you

consolidate what you’ve learned. You’ll also find:

a. A regular feature called “Tips for Brazilians”, which will help you avoid mistakes speakers of

Portuguese usually make.

b. The student’s book audios, which you can listen to if you missed class.

c. The add-on videos, which you can watch again and again.

d. Fluency activities to help you speak fast and with less hesitation. You’ll need loud speakers (or

ear phones) and a microphone to record your voice and listen to yourself afterwards.

e. The course calendar to help you catch up if you missed class.

f. Answer keys to all the workbook and student’s book activities.

We hope you have a fun and profitable semester. Marilena Fernandes , Academic supervisor [email protected]


2 ASSESSMENT

what? when? points?

online quiz 1 Short quizzes available online until the end of the course. It is highly recommended that you take them in the suggested weeks, so that you can learn from your mistakes and check your progress regularly.

after class 11 5 points

online quiz 2 after class 23 5 points

midterm written Written exam, done in class, focusing on the first half of the course.

class 16 15 points

midterm oral Oral exam, conducted in pairs, focusing on the first half of the course.

class 17 15 points

final written Written exam, done in class, focusing on the second half of the course.

class 32 20 points

oral presentation Oral presentation to be delivered to your teacher and the whole group. If you miss the presentation, you’ll take a make-up oral exam (NOT a presentation).

classes 33 and 34

15 points

writing task 1 Paragraph writing. class 10 5 points

writing task 2 Formal recommendation. class 13 10 points

writing task 3 Informal e-mail (narrative). class 26 10 points

100 points (Passing grade: 80)


3 USEFUL CLASSROOM LANGUAGE 1. If you don’t know how to say something in English: How do you say (orçamento) in English? (NOT How you say...? / How I say...?)

2. To ask about pronunciation: How do you pronounce (this word)?

3. To ask about the stressed syllable: Where’s the stress in (develop)?

4. If you don’t know a word: What does (budget) mean? (NOT What means...?)

5. If you don’t know what you need to do: What do I need / have to do (in this activity)?

6. If you need an answer: What’s the answer to (question 4), please?

7. If you want to know if something = something: Is (thin) the same as (slim)? (NOT the same of / that)

8. If you want the teacher to repeat something: Could you repeat (number 4), please?

9. If you need another explanation: Can you explain (this rule) again, please? (NOT explain me / explain for me)

10. If you need to borrow something: Can anyone lend me (a pen), please? (NOT borrow me)

11. If you don’t understand why something is wrong: Why can’t I use (contractions) in (number 4)?

12. If you need to miss class: I’m afraid I’m going to be absent (next class). (NOT lose class)

13. If you’re curious about the test: What should we study for (Monday’s quiz)?


4 CORRECTION SYMBOLS

symbol meaning examples

WW or VOC wrong word I’m tired of my actual job. (current) He said me he was happy. (told) This is the best course I’ve ever made (taken)

WO word order She asked me what was I doing there. (what I was doing) I don’t have money enough. (enough money) I have been never there. (have never been)

WF word form My English is very fluently. (fluent) I’d be more happy if I lived in the countryside. (happier) I’m tired of live in Santana. (living)

SP spelling He was late, wich really surprised me. (which) I learn languages easyly. (easily) What a confortable bed! (comfortable)

PR or PREP preposition When he arrived to New York, he looked for me. (in) I spend a lot of money in clothes. (on) I go running on the mornings. (in)

VT verb tense I study at Alumni since Access 3. (have studied) I had seen him yesterday. (saw) When I saw Joe, I ask what he was doing there. (asked)

S/V or

A

subject/verb agreement

I have a friend who speak four languages. (speaks) Everybody were afraid. (was) People who works too much are boring. (work)

something missing

I need someone to take care my dog. (take care of)

I decided to spend my vacation in US. (the)

I need lose weight. (to)

P punctuation My mother who is 97 has taught me a lot. (,who is 97,) When I saw the ghost I nearly fainted. (ghost, I) I want to resign for two reasons, first, ...(...reasons. First,)

(teacher’s choice)


5 ADD-ON OVERVIEW

day

learning objectives

develop fluency

improve listening

increase vocabulary

style and register

improve writing

attack hard texts

recycling

2 telephone language

4 prepositiona

l phrases

5 expressing

contrast

7 relative clauses

11(1) vocabulary days1-10

11(2) formal expressions

13 writing a character reference perfect vs. past tenses

15

19 prepositiona

l phrases

21 issue (un)count.

nouns

24 phrasal

verbs: up articles

25 job interview language

26 writing a narrative phrasal

verbs: up

28 expressing your views past

conditionals

31

32 whole course


DAY 2 ON THE PHONE. Objective: Help you sound more natural on the phone

1 USEFUL VOCABULARY: TELEPHONE LANGUAGE

A [2.2] Complete 1-10 with a suitable word - use your intuition! Then watch and check. B [2.2] Do the memory exercises on the screen.

situation the natural thing to say

You arrive at work. You want to know if anyone called you.

1. Any calls while I was out?

You’re angry. You want someone to make an urgent call for you.

2. Get him on the phone right now.

3. Put Marty on the phone.

You want everybody in the room to be able to hear a conversation.

4. Put him on speaker.

Your conversation is interrupted. You’ll continue it later.

5. Hang on. Let me call you back.

You’re in the middle of a conversation. There’s another call.

6. Hold on, I have to take this.

You need the caller to wait.

7. Can you hold one minute, please?

8. I’m so sorry, can I put you on hold?

You receive a call, but you haven’t arrived at work yet.

9. On my way to the office. Let me call you when I get there.

You’re telling someone that you’ve been…

10. I’ve been trying to reach you since yesterday!

C MAKE IT REAL In groups of 4, play the board game.


DAY 4 UNLIKE FACEBOOK

Objective: Improve your listening and increase your vocabulary.

1 DISCUSSION

A How do you feel about statements 1-4? A+ = I strongly agree. A = I tend to agree. ? = I’m on the fence about this one. D = I tend to disagree. D+ = I completely disagree. 1 I waste far too much time on Facebook. ___ 2 Facebook is cheapening friendship. ___ 3 Most Facebook posts are silly. ___ 4 Facebook is destined to fade into oblivion within the next five years. ___

2 IMPROVE YOUR LISTENING

A [4.1] You’re going to watch Jimmy Kimmel, an American talk show host, talking about N. U. D.

Watch the beginning of the show and answer 1 and 2. 1 What does N.U.D. stand for? National Unfriend Day 2 What does it encourage people to do? To unfriend anyone who’s not a real fried

B Watch again and mark T (true) or F (false). 1 Jimmy himself created N.U.D. 3 years ago. F 2 N.U.D. became popular fast. T 3 N.U.D. takes place on November 7. F 4 He says it’s hard to decide who to unfriend. T

C [4.2] Jimmy gives an example to illustrate the benefit of unfriending people. Look at the cue

words and try to remember the general idea of what he said. Watch and check. participate / Sunday

/ no idea / guy / six years / cousin / party / Faith Hill video


D In the second part, Jimmy Kimmel describes three

common Facebook “offenders.” What do you think each

person does? “The over-sharer” “The proud parent” “The animal lover”

E [4.3] Watch and check. Then discuss 1-3 in pairs. 1 Do you have any friends like that?

2 What kinds of Facebook posts, if any, tend to annoy you?

3 Have you ever unfriended someone? What happened?

F [4.4] UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH Notice how Jimmy Kimmel pronounces the word

to in two different ways. Then watch a few selected excerpts and complete sentences 1-4. Write

down exactly what you hear.

1 …but it isn’t easy to do.

2 … So to help get you started…

3 The title of the video needs to be

“Hey, Jimmy Kimmel, meet my best unfriend.”

4 This year, leading up to the big day, I’d like you to select

your least favorite Facebook friend and…

3 USEFUL VOCABULARY: PHRASES WITH PREPOSITIONS

A [4.5] Complete 1-6 with a suitable preposition - use your intuition! Then watch and check.

expression meaning

1 Right around the corner. About to happen very soon.

2 Take off (like a rocket). Become very popular very fast.

3 Right off the bat. Immediately.

4 Keep you up to date (on something). Keep you informed.

5 Figure out how (not) to do something. Discover how (not) to do it.

6 Leading up to something. Happening before something.

Remember: To can be pronounced /tʊ/ or /tə/. The second form is usually harder to understand. The more you train your ears to recognize /ə/, the more you’ll improve your listening.

Remember: You can use will and tend to to talk about annoying habits: I think the over-sharer is that kind of person who will / tends to post about...


B Complete 1-6 without looking at the chart in A. Then say if each sentence is true for you.

1 I like the fact that Facebook reminds me of all the birthdays that are right around the corner. 2 I think Twitter does a good job of keeping me up to date on the latest news. 3 I like to read

voters’ tweets on the last few days _________ up to national / state elections. 4 I still haven’t figured out when and how to use #hashtags, to be honest. 5 I don’t understand why

Orkut never took off in the United States. 6 I think it’s silly to open a Twitter account and start to follow too many people right off the bat.

C MAKE IT REAL Look at the slide and imagine you work for that company. Read your

flashcard and get ready to defend your point of view. Be sure to use the expressions in red.


DAY 5 ON THE OTHER HAND

Objective: Help you contrast ideas when developing an argument.

1 USEFUL VOCABULARY: EXPRESSING CONTRAST

A Complete the blanks with a suitable word. Then listen to check. Rosa Employers basically want people who will fit in. After all, what you do online shows your

true personality. Daniel But your online profile is private information. Rosa So you think it’s private? on the contrary. If I can see your profile by looking online, it’s not

private - it’s public. It tells me things I won’t see in an interview. Daniel Yes, but...but… what you see on social networking sites is not the whole person. Social

networking sites don’t tell you what people are like at work. Rosa I know what you mean, but you need to consider the cost. Employers need to be very

careful about the people they employ because it’s very expensive to recruit and train new

staff. Daniel Yes, I agree, but on the other hand, as an employer, you can’t own your employees 24/7.

Everyone has a right to have fun in his or her free time. Rosa True, but if I’m looking at two people for the same job, I’ll probably avoid the person

who’s always partying. Daniel However, just because they party a lot doesn’t mean people are bad at the job. For some

jobs, you need friendly, outgoing people. Rosa But it’s not just party photos; it’s blogs and postings and comments, too. For example, I

don’t want to hire somebody with an off-color sense of humor or someone who sounds

arrogant. I want someone who will fit in and work well with other people. Daniel Well, I can see that. On the one hand, you don’t want to employ difficult people, but on

the other hand, people change at work and behave in a different way with friends. So

while the Internet may show you one side of a person, you really need to see what a

candidate is like, in person, before you can decide.

B Look at the slides and complete the speech bubbles in any suitable way.


C MAKE IT REAL Look at the notes you took in exercise A on page 17 of your student’s book.

Follow your teacher’s directions.

D AT HOME Complete the text with the expressions in the box. Then turn to page 18 of your

student’s book to check.

ON THE ONE HAND

ON THE OTHER HAND

WHEREAS (=WHILE)

HOWEVER IN

CONCLUSION FOR EXAMPLE

FOR THIS REASON

Many employees check the Internet for information about job applicants. _______________ [1], this is not a fair way to judge a person. _______________ [2], employers

need people who will fit into the company. An online profile gives information that employers will

not see on a résumé - _______________ [3] , if the person is aggressive or has extreme views.

_______________ [4], an online profile is for friends, whereas a résumé is for employers. A résumé

provides the most relevant details about qualifications and work experience. An online profile may

contain information that employers should not use to judge an applicant, such as age or religion. _______________ [5], _______________ [6] there are good reasons to check an applicant’s online

profile, it is not a professional document._______________ [7], it is not fair, in my opinion, to judge

candidates by their personal online profiles.


DAY 7 THOSE BIG WORDS...

Objective: Review relative clauses and improve your listening.

1 GRAMMAR REVIEW: RELATIVE CLAUSES

A In pairs, look at the business jargon below. How many terms can you define? 1 Synergy is an abstract term…

2 Core competency is something… 3 Think outside the box means… 4 Boil the ocean is an expression… 5 Empower is a verb… 6 Window of opportunity refers to the… 7 Radar screen describes… 8 Corporate values are…

B You’re going to read four excerpts describing annoying business jargon. Match four of the terms

in A to each paragraph. Ignore the underlined words and the [ ]s. 5 This is what someone who [ ] makes a little more money than you does when, apparently,

they would like you to do a job of some importance. It suggests that ‘You can do a little bit of this, but

I’m still in charge here. I am simply giving you some power.’

8 Stop using this term, which, [ ] honestly, makes my stomach turn. Corporations don’t have

values. The people who [ ] run them do. Period.

1 Stephen Covey, who [ ] wrote 7 Habits of Highly Successful People, is responsible for this

ever so popular word, which [ ] continues to infiltrate business conferences all over the country,

on a daily basis. Covey writes, "To put it simply, it means that two heads are better than one."

Err… Isn’t "cooperation", which [ ] a 2-year-old can understand, a much better word?

6 This breezy expression refers to the amount of time which [ ] you have in order to take

action. When the thing closes, dreams of freedom and success die forever. Oh, so sad.

Remember: Jargon has no plural form: My boss uses a lot of business

jargons jargon.


(Based on www.forbes.com)

C Look at the examples of who and which in the text. Check the ones that can be replaced by that

and, in pairs, explain why. 2 IMPROVE YOUR LISTENING

A [7.1] You’re going to watch a business consultant talking about business jargon. Underline the

word that best describes his attitude. He thinks business jargon is [ always / sometimes / never ] useful.

B [7.2] Watch the rest of the video. Write 1-5 next to each

problem.

C [7.3] UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH Notice how the man pronounces the word that.

Then watch a few selected excerpts and count the number of words you hear. Contractions count

as two words.

1 Do they [3] big, fancy works actually makes them sound smarter?

2 Or shouldn’t you focus on [4] good at?

3 You do [2] outside that box is probably a bigger box.

4 You [5] one extra word and three extra syllables to say “boil the ocean” instead of “wasting time.”

5 So what sounds worse? Your poor Maths skills [7] slacker?

D MAKE IT REAL Group discussion. 1 What’s your favorite / least favorite piece of business jargon? 2 Can you think of any jargon that’s unique to your company? What does it mean? 3 How do you feel about the use of business jargon in general?

[ 3 ] It’s unnecessarily long.

[ 5 ] It describes things that fly, not people.

[ 2 ] It doesn’t work as a spatial metaphor.

[ 4 ] It may expose your bad performance.

[ 1 ] It describes something ordinary, not special.

Remember:

often pronounced / ðət /.


DAY 11 RECICLING: BINGO!

Objective: Review some of the key vocabulary you’ve learned so far.

A Read the which clauses and check that you remember the blue words and expressions. 1 … which means Christmas is right around the corner.

2 … which means he’s probably on his way home now.

3 … which is probably why he’d been trying to reach me for hours.

4 … which explains why the project never took off. 5 … which, to my surprise, he denied doing.

6 … which I’m sure he’ll regret sooner or later. 7 … which is one of the reasons for the rise in productivity. 8 … which makes him far more narrow-minded than I thought.

9 … which, to be honest, I found a bit weird. 10 … which explains why he got a bit touchy about some of the questions.

11 … which means the days leading up to the audit will be very tense. 12 … which tells you right off the bat that he’s a nice person.

B Choose six random clauses and write the numbers on the bingo card below.

C Listen to your teacher carefully. If you think you have the right which clause, shout it out! If


DAY 11 FORMAL LANGUAGE Objective: Help you sound more formal at work when you have to.

1 USEFUL VOCABULARY: FORMAL EXPRESSIONS

A [11.2] Complete these sentences from the video excerpts - use your intuition. Then watch and

check.

informal to neutral neutral to formal

1. Guys, have you decided? Gentleman, have you reached a decision?

2. There are lots of answers you can accept.

There are a number of acceptable answers.

3. I’m finding it hard to bond with a colleague at work.

I’m having some difficulty bonding with a colleague at work.

4. I see you have no system to organize your stuff in here at all.

I see no organizational system in here whatsoever.

5. Because of the professional standstill you’re at, you’re wondering if this is the right time to give up your research and focus on teaching.

Given the professional standstill you’re at, you’re wondering if this is the appropriate time to abandon your research and focus on teaching.

6. This would be a huge task This would be a massive undertaking.

7. I’m about to start one of the greatest challenges of scientific career.

I’m about to embark on one of the great challenges of my scientific career.

8. Until we can find a solution to this problem, I’d like you to wear this.

Until this matter is resolved, I would like you to wearthis sweater.


B What makes Sheldon’s sentences so formal? Match the two columns.

1 1 Use of passive voice. [ 2 ] Have you reached a decision?

2 Use of noun phrases (e.g.: express a

preference instead of prefer).

[ 3 ] I’m about to embark on one of the

great challenges...

3 Use of Latin words that are relatively rare in

spoken English. [ 1 ] Until this matter is resolved...

C Imagine that you’re in charge of proofreading all your department’s business correspondence.

Rephrase sentences 1-6 using the blue words / phrases in the correct form. Make any other

necessary changes. Use 1-4 words in each gap. The first one has been done for you.

a number of

embark on something

given something

have difficulty doing something

massive (adj)

reach a decision

resolve a matter

undertaking (n)

whatsoever

1

Task: Recommendation report.

Original: The economy is bad, so I think we should delay the project.

Suggestion: Given the current state of the economy, I believe the project should be

delayed.

2

Task: E-mail to job applicant.

Original: We’ll get in touch with you as soon as we have decided.

Suggestion: We will contact you as soon as a final decision has been reached.


3

Task: E-mail apologizing to a client.

Original: Don’t worry - we’ll take care of this problem soon.

Suggestion: I assure you this matter will be resolved in no time.

4

Task: Memo about employee who’s leaving the company.

Original: We want to wish Genésio Santos good luck in his new career.

Suggestion: We would like to wish Genésio Santos the very best of luck in the new career

he is about to embark on.

5

Task: Report to CEO.

Original: Last year it was hard for us to attract new customers, although there was a really big campaign.

Suggestion: Last year we had difficulty attracting new customers, despite the massive

campaign.

6

Task: Angry e-mail to supplier.

Original: There isn’t any information at all about how to use the new model and lots of

people have complained about that.

Suggestion: There’s no information whatsoever about how to use the new model and

there have been a number of complaints about it.

D MAKE IT REAL Look at the slide, read the cards and conduct the meeting in small groups.


DAY 13 CHARACTER REFERENCE

Objective: Help you write a formal recommendation to a colleague.

1 MODEL ANALYSIS AND USEFUL VOCABULARY

A Read Sue’s LinkedIn recommendation quickly and answer

question 1-3 in pairs. Ignore the blue words. 1 Do Carlos and Sue still work together? How do you know?

2 Does Sue’s recommendation sound genuine? Why (not)? 3 Would you consider interviewing Carlos based on this recommendation?

(1) I have known Carlos Silva for six years and I had the privilege of working with him from

2011 to 2013 at ABH Consulting, where he held the position of IT

Manager and performed a wide range of [ 1 ] duties.

(2) Carlos possesses all the right traits [ 2 ] to be a successful employee: He is detail-oriented,

self-directed and manages his time well. Carlos also grasps [ 3 ] new concepts quickly and

accepts constructive criticism, which makes him a pleasure to work with. (3) Carlos is also very dependable and was always willing to put in whatever effort was

necessary to meet our deadlines and keep things running smoothly [ 4 ]. On one occasion, our

servers were hacked on New Year’s Eve. Carlos interrupted his festivities, flew back from Rio

and was able to single handedly restore the system in a matter of hours. (4) I highly recommend Carlos Silva for any future opportunities that are available in the field of

IT. His background, experience and work ethic make him an invaluable asset [ 5 ] to any modern

organization.


B Re-read Sue’s recommendation and write the paragraph numbers. a Paragraph 2 : Mention a few qualities employers usually look for. If you don't know

exactly what this reference will be used for, focus on traits valued by all employers.

b Paragraph 1 : Give a very brief background of how you know the person. Keep it short - a

reader can check your profile to see more details about you. c Paragraph 4 : End on a strong note. Your recommendation must finish with a sense of

enthusiasm and resolution. d Paragraph 3 : Tell a brief success story about the person’s performance. Stories make your

recommendation more memorable.

C Match the blue words to their meanings. 1 a lot of different

2 characteristics

3 understands

4 working well

5 a major benefit

D Think about the (former) colleague you’re going to recommend and complete questions 1 - 4

with the blue words in the text. 1 Does (s)he have a wide range of skills or is (s)he good at only one thing?

2 How easily does (s)he grasp new concepts?

3 Think of a project (s)he was in charge of. How smoothly did it run? 4 Be honest: Does (s)he really have the right traits for the job? Would (s)he really be an asset to the

company that hires him/her?

E Work in pairs. Tell each other about the person you’re going to recommend. Use the questions

in D to help you.


2 FOCUS ON REGISTER

A Read these excerpts from different LinkedIn recommendations and write the underlined

phrases next to their less formal equivalents. 1 I first became acquainted with Vitoria Silva when she joined AD&D in 2010.

2 I worked under Mary Ellen’s supervision at Sullivan & Sullivan, where she held the position of

Senior Manager.

3 Ann can multi-task to ensure that all projects are completed in a timely manner.

4 I am convinced Rachel will be successful in any undertaking she attempts to pursue.

5 Mônica has always performed her duties in an exceptional manner.

6 Karin was keenly devoted to her work and enjoyable to be around.

7 Silvia was always willing to go beyond what was required.

8 During Roberta’s service with the company, I interacted with her on a daily basis.

9 I have no hesitation whatsoever in recommending João Antunes for any future opportunities

that are available in the field of nursing.

less formal more formal

would be happy to recommend have no hesitation…

do more than what was asked go beyond what was…

whatever she tries to do any undertaking she…

really dedicated keenly devoted

without delay in a timely manner

worked as held the position of

really well in an exceptional manner

every day on a daily basis

met became acquainted with

B Which of the underlined phrases in A: 1 Would you probably use in the first / last paragraph? 2 Would you probably use in your recommendation? 3 Were you already familiar with? 4 Do you like / dislike the sound of? Just your opinion!


3 GRAMMAR REVIEW: PERFECT vs. PAST TENSES

A Read these excerpts from different opening paragraphs and underline the correct tenses. 1 I [ had / have had ] the opportunity to work with Laura Souza on the

KKY project last year.

2 I [ had / have had ] the opportunity to work with Ricardo Gomes on

the TKU project for the last year.

3 Marcos Pereira [ worked / has worked ] at ABC Entertainment for

the past two years.

4 Márcia Bastos [ worked / has worked ] as my immediate supervisor for two years before she

moved to Canada.

5 Pedro [ joined / has joined ] Talent Records in 1999 and he [ consistently achieved / has

consistently achieved ] exceptional results since then.

6 I [ first met / have first met ] Omar back in 2007 when he [ was working / has been working ] as

production assistant and we [ were / have been ] been friends ever since.

B Draft the opening paragraph of your recommendation. Choose your tenses carefully.

C MAKE IT REAL At home, write a LinkedIn recommendation to a (former) colleague. Guidelines: 1 Write four paragraphs. Follow the structure in exercise 1B. 2 Include at least two of the blue words

in exercise 1A. 3 Include at least three of the underlined phrases in exercise 2A. 4 Write between 150 - 170 words. 5 When you finish, proofread your text twice. Poor spelling / grammar will undermine the strength

of your recommendation.

Remember: Work AT Smith Enterprises.

Work AS a teacher.

Work ON a project.


DAY 15 STEVE JOBS

Objective: Help you develop your text- attack skills so you can cope with authentic English better.

1 SKIMMING

A The words and phrases on the board were taken from the article you’re about to read. How do

you think the article will portray Steve Jobs? [ ] Mostly positively. [ ] Mostly negatively. [ ] In a balanced fashion. B Read the article on the next page quickly and check

your predictions. Ignore the words in bold and the

underlined sentences. You have two minutes. Read the

tips box before you begin.

2 UNDERSTANDING TEXT ORGANIZATION

A Sentences 1 - 7 were taken from the article. What does each underlined word tell you about

the idea that came before it? 1 Jobs had his share of personal shortcomings, too -> previous idea - negative

2 Apple applies coercive tactics to the press, as well -> other example of coersion

3 With the App Store, however, Apple reversed that progress -> What progress?

4 One thing he wasn’t, though, was perfect -> positive traits

5 Jobs eventually acknowledged paternity -> long process

6 Jobs already had a reputation internally for acting like a tyrant -> before something happened

7 After all, Jobs didn’t lead a balanced life -> reason for something

B Now re-read the gapped paragraphs and insert sentences 1-7 into the blanks. There’s no need

to read the whole article again.

Remember: Skimming = Reading quickly for the main ideas. 1. Read in blocks of words, NOT word by word. 2. Read quickly and skip whatever you don’t consider relevant / don’t understand.


Steve Jobs is often hailed as "a genius" and "the greatest CEO of his generation" by pundits and tech journalists. His accomplishments were far-reaching and impossible to easily summarize. Jobs transformed half a dozen industries forever, from personal computers to phones to animation to music to publishing to video games. He was a skilled motivator, a decisive judge, a farsighted strategist and an excellent showman. 4 . There were things Jobs did while at Apple that were deeply disturbing and Apple’s employees—the ones not bound by confidentiality agreements—have had a different story to tell over the years about Jobs and the bullying, manipulation and fear that followed him around the company. Here’s the first irony. The Internet allowed people around the world to express themselves more freely and more easily. 3 . To put anything on the devices, you need Apple's permission. That America's most admired company has followed such an un-American path and imposed such restrictions is deeply disturbing.(1) In fact, Jobs never seemed comfortable with the idea of fully empowered workers or a truly free press. Inside Apple, there is a culture of fear and control around communication. Apple's "Worldwide Loyalty Team" specializes in hunting down leakers, confiscating mobile phones and searching computers. 2 . Its first response to stories it doesn't like is typically manipulation and badgering, for example, threatening to withhold access to events and executives. Next, it might leak a contradictory story. Before he was deposed from Apple the first time around, 6 . Jobs regularly belittled people, swore at them, and pressured them until they reached their breaking point. In the pursuit of greatness, he cast aside politeness and empathy. (2) His verbal abuse never stopped. Just last month, Fortune magazine reported about a half-hour "public humiliation" Jobs doled out to one Apple team: "You've tarnished Apple's reputation," he told them. "You should hate each other for having let each other down." In his book about Jobs' time at NeXT and return to Apple, The Second Coming of Steve Jobs, Alan Deutschman described Jobs' rough treatment of his subordinates: He would praise and inspire them, often in very creative ways, but he would also resort to intimidating, belittling, and even humiliating them... When he was Bad Steve, he didn't seem to care about the severe damage he caused to egos or emotions... suddenly and unexpectedly, he would look at something they were working on say that it "sucked," it was "shit." 1 . He has no public record of giving to charity over the years, despite the fact he became wealthy after Apple's 1980 IPO and had accumulated an estimated $7 billion net worth by the time of his death. After closing Apple's philanthropic programs on his return


to Apple in 1997, he never reinstated them, despite the company's ever-increasing profits. While it is, of course, possible that Jobs has given to charity anonymously, it is not like he embraced or encouraged philanthropy in the manner of, say, Bill Gates or Warren Buffet. (3) "He clearly didn't have the time," is what the director of Jobs' short-lived charitable foundation told the New York Times. That sounds about right. 7 . He was professionally relentless. He worked long hours, and remained CEO of Apple through his illness until six weeks before he died. There was a time when Jobs actively fought the idea of becoming a family man. He had his daughter Lisa out of wedlock at age 23 and, according to Fortune, spent two years denying paternity, even declaring in court papers "that he couldn't be Lisa's father because he was 'sterile and infertile, and therefore did not have the physical capacity to procreate a child.' 5 , met and married his wife, now widow, Laurene Powell, and had three more children. Lisa went to Harvard and is now a writer. Steve Jobs created many beautiful objects. He made digital devices more elegant and easier to use. He made a lot of money for Apple Inc. after people wrote it off for dead. (4) He will undoubtedly serve as a role model for generations of entrepreneurs and business leaders, for many years to come. But whether that's a good thing or a bad thing ultimately depends on how honestly his life is appraised.

Adapted from http://gawker.com/5847344/what-everyone-is-too-polite-to-say-about-steve-jobs

3 INFERRING MEANING

A Find words 1-8 in the article, re-read the relevant sentences and fill in the chart.

Positive (+) or negative

(-) in that context? Verb (V), noun (N) or

adjective (A)?

1 1 far-reaching ( + ) A

2 2 farsighted ( + ) A

3 3 empowered ( + ) A

4 4 leakers ( - ) N

5 5 withhold ( - ) V

6 6 belittled ( - ) V

7 7 short-lived ( - ) A

8 8 out of wedlock ( - ) N (wedlock)


B Read the tip in the box. Then, in pairs, try to guess what each

word means. Check against the slides.

4 DEALING WITH COMPLEX SENTENCES

A Rephrase the underlined sentences from the article. Read the tips to help you.

1 It’s disturbing that Apple has acted in such an un-American way and become so restrictive

Tip: The writer put the word “that” is at the beginning of the sentence for dramatic effect. Try

putting it in the middle.

2 He tried so hard to be great that he abandoned politeness and empathy Tip: “Pursuit” is the noun of the verb “to pursue”, which means to go after something.

3 Although maybe Jobs was a secret donor, he didn’t contribute to charity as much as Gates or Buffet.

Tip: “While” in that context means “although.”

4 He made a lot of money for Apple after everybody thought it was dead Tip: The phrasal verb to “write off” means to stop giving something your attention and energy

because you don’t think it will succeed.

5 REACTING TO THE TEXT

A Discuss questions 1 - 5 in small groups.

1 Were you surprised by any of the information in the article?

2 How would you compare Steve Jobs’ impact on modern life to Bill Gates’? 3 Do you think Apple would have achieved what it did if Jobs had a different personality?

4 In your opinion, without Jobs, what’s in store for Apple?

5 Is Samsung a real threat? What about Microsoft?

Remember: “Unpacking” a word can sometimes help

you guess its meaning. Look: Short-lived: Short: not long Lived: comes from “life”

Short-lived = not having a long life.


DAY 19 PREPOSITIONS Objective: Review common prepositional phrases.

A Complete these sentences from the listening with the correct preposition - use your intuition!

Some prepositions will be used more than once.

about at by for in into of on to

1 People rarely even make eye contact. And if they do, and you can, you know, you can smile at

them, and they won’t even smile back. 2 So, anyway, I was waiting for my bus one morning, and I said something to someone in line. And they just ignored me. 3 That’s one thing I hate about living in a big city… everyone just ignoring everyone. 4 Well, for the most part, people are, well, I wouldn’t say they’re particularly friendly. It’s not like

people stop and have conversations with strangers. 5 But on the subway when it gets really crowded, if someone bumps into you, they’ll apologize. 6 My friends are always saying how rude people are here, I mean, they’re always complaining

about the servers being rude and people like that. 7 But I always make a point of smiling at them, and I, and I find they’re always nice back. 8 It’s like when I got talking to the guy at the coffee shop. I usually stop by there every day on my way to work.

B Listen [audio 1.38] and check.


C Write the blue phrases next to their definitions.

phrase meaning example

1 make a point of Make sure you do something that you consider important.

Do you xxx calling your close friends on their birthdays? Or do you simply text them?

2 for the most part Mostly. Does your job, xxx, fulfill you?

3 bump into Accidentally hit. Have you ever xxx a lamp post and - to your embarrassment - apologized?

4 stop by Go somewhere on your way to another place.

On your way home from work, do you ever xxx for groceries?

D In pairs, ask and answer the questions in the third column. How many things do you have in

common?

E Read 1-4 and complete the rules with the correct preposition. 1 You smile at or laugh at someone. You also stare at people or even point at them.

2 You can bump into someone. You can also drive into another car or walk into a lamp post if

you’re not paying attention.

3 You can stop by, pass by, drive by or walk by a place on your way somewhere.

4 We say in the car, but on the subway, on the train and on the plane.

into

often indicates

some kind of impact.

by a short visit to a place.

at “in the direction of.”

on a large vehicle.

F MAKE IT REAL Refer to your student’s book, page 37, exercise 3D.


DAY 21 SUCCESS?

Objective: Improve your listening and teach you how to use the word “issue.”

1 GRAMMAR REVIEW: TYPES OF NOUNS

A Some of the sentences below contain one or more grammar mistakes in the use of countable /

uncountable nouns. Find the mistakes and correct them. 1 Given a choice, I’d rather have a work job that paid less but gave me lots of personal satisfaction.

2 My friends are always telling me that I work way too much and that I should take it easy, but I

never take their advices advice. 3 I know I should try to get more informations information on how to balance my career and

personal life, but I don’t have enough time! 4 I work so hard and spend so many much time at the office that my world nearly crumbles when I

receive a negative feedback from my boss.

B Do any of the sentences apply to you? If so, which? Discuss with a partner.


A [21.1] Look at the book covers. Do you think they’re auto-biographical? Watch the beginning of

a talk given by the author and check. YES


B [21.2] Watch the rest of the introduction. Which sentence best summarizes his first

observation?

[ ] Depending on your career, you will inevitably end up neglecting your family. [ ] When you’re young, it’s harder for you to balance career and family.

C [21.3] Based on what you’ve seen so far, how do you think Nigel will complete these sentences?

Discuss in pairs. Then watch and check. How close were your guesses? 1 If you don’t design your life, someone else will 2 It’s particularly important that you never put the quality of your life in the hands of a corporation 3 Commercial companies are inherently designed to get as much out of you as possible 4 We have to be responsible for setting and enforcing boundaries

D [21.4] In the last part of his talk, Nigel describes a day he spent with his son. At the end of the

day, his son said “Dad, this has been the best day of my life. Ever!” What do you think they did on

that day? Discuss in pairs. Then watch and check.

E Discuss 1-4 in small groups. 1 How did the anecdote involving his son make you feel?

2 Do you ever wish you could spend more time with your family? 3 Nigel says that there are millions of people out there working “long hard hours, at jobs they

hate, to enable them to buy things they don’t need, to impress people they don’t like.” Do you

agree? 4 Nigel calls some companies “abattoirs of the human soul.” What does he mean by that?

F [21.5] UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH Notice how Nigel “swallows” the /h/ sound when the

words he and him are preceded by a consonant sound. Then watch a few selected excerpts and

complete sentences 1-4. Write down exactly what you hear. 1 I then read him a chapter of Roald Dahl’s “James and the Giant Peach.”

2 I then put him to bed, tucked him in, gave him a kiss on his forehead...

3 …and said, "goodnight, mate," and walked out of his bedroom.

4 I hadn't done anything. Hadn't taken him to Disney World or bought him a Playstation.


3 USEFUL VOCABULARY: HOW TO USE THE WORD ISSUE

A [21.6] Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Then watch and check.

address core make mask thorny solve

(=deal with) (=central part) (=hide) (=difficult)

1 In particular, I decided I would try to address the thorny issue of work-life balance. 2 If society's to make any progress on this issue, we need an honest debate. 3 All the discussions about flexi-time or dress-down Fridays or paternity leave only serve to mask

the core issue. 4 The second observation I'd like to make is we need to face the truth that governments and

corporations aren't going to solve this issue for us.

Remember: Images can often help you understand and remember new words. Look:

This is the core of the kiwi. These are torns. Remember this This is a mask. Remember this Remember this picture whenever you picture whenever you hear the picture whenever you hear the

hear the expression core issue. expression thorny issue. expression mask the issue.

B MAKE IT REAL Read the situation on the slide, study your role in the flashcards and, in small

groups, take part in a business meeting.


DAY 24 TOUGH INTERVIEW

QUESTIONS (I)

Objective: Improve your listening and teach you useful phrasal verbs.

1 GRAMMAR REVIEW: GENERALIZING AND SPECIFYING

A Complete 1-6 with a(n), the or no article (-). 1 To me, - job interviews are extremely stressful. I’d rather go to the dentist than to a job

interview.

2 Some of the job interviews I’ve taken part in were conducted in English.

3 I prefer to be interviewed by - men. When a woman interviews me, I feel slightly intimidated.

4 I don’t like to answer - personal questions or questions about - religion or - politics.

5 It’s funny how I never get asked the kinds of questions I’d prepared for!

6 If you’re late for the interview, you won’t get the job. Period.

B Check your answers. Then, in pairs, say if you agree with each sentence.


A In pairs, make a list of five typical job interview questions. Which are the toughest to answer? B [24.1] Watch a job-hunting guru give advice on two tough interview questions. In what order

are his tips mentioned? “Why do you want to leave your current job?” Write 1-4 next to each tip. [ 2 ] Don’t criticize your company, boss or coworkers. [ 4 ] Try to praise your company, boss or coworkers. [ 1 ] Tell the truth. [ 3 ] Don’t be sarcastic. “What can you do for us that no one else can?” Write 1-4 next to each tip. [ 4 ] Say how your experience / skills can be beneficial to the company. [ 3 ] Describe what makes you the best person for the job. [ 2 ] Try to answer this question well, or else you may be in trouble. [ 1 ] Remember: There are different ways to answer this question.


C [24.2] UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH Notice the weak pronunciation /ə / of “grammar

words” like of and at. Then watch a few selected excerpts and complete sentences 1- 6 with two

or three words. Write down exactly what you hear. Ignore the blue vocabulary for now. 1 Avoid sarcastic remarks because interviewers really can pick up

on your sarcasm. You may think you’re being cute

and funny, but they pick up on this stuff…

2 I don’t care how bad you hate your current company, your

manager, your coworkers, your salary... Never ever ever bring

any of that stuff up in the interview.

3 You may or may not get it asked directly, but pretty much some

variation of it is going to come up.

4 If you trip up on this question, it does not mean the end of the interview.

5 You need to differentiate yourself, you need to talk yourself up if you want this job. 3 USEFUL VOCABULARY: PHRASAL VERBS WITH UP

A Complete the first column with the phrasal verbs in exercise 2D.

phrasal verb meaning example

1 Talk (yourself) up Highlight your qualities,

sometimes excessively.

If you’re romantically interested in

someone, do you tend to xxx to impress

him/her?

2 Pick up on Notice.

Who’s generally better at xxx on subtle

nuances? Men or women? Why, do you

think?

3 Bring up Mention something in a

conversation.

When was the last time you started a

difficult conversation by saying: “Listen, I

hate to xxx this xxx, but…”

4 Come up Appear in a conversation.

When you’re having lunch with your

coworkers, what kinds of topics always

xxx?

5 Trip up on Have trouble with. Think of your last Alumni test. What kinds

of questions did you xxx?

B In pairs, try to remember the consultant’s advice using the phrasal verbs in A.

C MAKE IT REAL Cover the first column and, in pairs, ask and answer the questions in the third

Remember: In fast connected speech, “grammar

words” like prepositions, articles and conjunctions are often pronounced

with a schwa:

This is for /fər/ you. I’m not from /frəm/ here. A cup of /əv/ tea, please. I like rock and /ən/ roll.


column.

DAY 25 TOUGH INTERVIEW

QUESTIONS (II)

Objective: Improve your listening and help you tackle two tricky interview questions.


A [25.1] Watch six sample answers to the “Why do you want to leave your job?” question. Which

statement best summarizes each one? Complete ( ✓ ) the chart.

answer

1 2 3 4 5 6

I want to grow professionally. ✓ ✓ ✓

The company’s too far from home. ✓

My wife/husband got transferred. ✓

My job doesn’t exist anymore. ✓

B [25.2] Now watch four sample answers to the “What can you do for us that no one else can?”

question. What does each answer focus on? Complete ( ✓ ) the chart.

answer

1 2 3 4 5 6

experience and skills ✓ ✓

specific achievements ✓ ✓


2 USEFUL VOCABULARY: JOB INTERVIEW LANGUAGE

A [25.3] Complete the selected sample answers with the the blue phrases and sentences. Then

watch and check.

1 see a future for myself

2 new and fresh challenges

3 it is time for me to move on

4 advance opportunities are scarce

5 as a result of corporate downsizing

6 keep on track with my career goals Why do you want to leave your current job? “I do enjoy working at my current job. The culture and the people make it a great place to work.

But I’m looking for more responsibility with (a) 2 and currently, (b) 4 at my current job.”

“After working there for three years, I’ve learned a great deal about the company, and the ways

we conduct business. As much as I enjoyed the relationships I’ve developed, (c) 3 to a more progressive organization with more opportunities and challenges.” “Departmental changes and corporate restructuring have made it difficult to (d) 6. As a result of

these changes, future advancement opportunities are limited and I no longer (e) 1 with this company.” “My current position is being eliminated and (f) 5, I have been informed that I have thirty days left

to work there.”


B [25.4] Complete the sample answers with the the blue phrases and sentences. Then watch

and check.

1 was a direct result of

2 unique blend of skills

3 on time and under budget

4 a great deal of experience in

5 willing to do whatever it takes

6 differentiates me from most other What can you do for us that no one else can? “I'm a well-rounded individual, with a very (a) 2. Past trainings and job experiences have allowed

me to take on complete projects and assignments of high importance and increasing difficulty,

while (b) 3.”

“I believe that my unique blend of experience, problem solving skills and people skills (c) 6 candidates. I am motivated, disciplined and focused and am (d) 5 to get the job done.”

“I have (e) 4 working with database products. In my past jobs, I have rebuilt databases to make

them faster and more efficient, and as a result of my efforts, our sales department was able to run

their daily and weekly reports 52% faster than they were before.”

“In my last job, I helped increase third quarter sales by 30% and this increase (f) 1 my work with

our customers to find out what they need that we as a company were not providing to them.”

C MAKE IT REAL Look at the notes you took at home and role-play a job interview in pairs. 1 Individually, look at the blue vocabulary again and try to include at least five new items in

your answers. This should be easy, since you’ve already thought about content.

2 In pairs, begin the interview by asking “Tell me about yourself.” Then move on “Why do you

want to leave your current job?” and finally “What can you do for us that no one else can?” 3 Switch roles.


DAY 26 WRITING

Objective: Help you write an informal e-mail telling a job-related story.

1 BRAINSTORMING AND MODEL ANALYSIS

A Think of your last job interview and answer questions 1 - 16 mentally. You can take notes if you

want to.

Before:

1 How did you land the interview? Did anyone recommend you? ✓

2 When / where did the interview take place? ✓

3 Was it your first interview in a while? Or had there been others? ✓

4 Had you been looking forward to it? Why? ✓

5 Did you arrive on time? ✓

6 How were you feeling? ✓

7 Were you well prepared? Had you researched the company? ✓

During:

8 Who interviewed you? Had you met him/her/them before? ✓

9 How long did the interview last? ✓

10 Were you nervous at all? If so, did the interviewer pick up on that? ✓

11 Did any unexpected questions come up? ✓

12 Did you trip up on any of the questions? ✓

13 When the interview was over, were you happy with your performance? ✓

After:

14 Did they contact you after the interview? ✓

15 If so, after how many days? ✓

16 Did you get the job? If not, did they give you any feedback? ✓

B Share your story with a partner. Any similarities?

C Read Carlos’ e-mail to Sue, the woman who wrote the Linked in recommendation on page 21.

Which questions in exercise A does he answer? (see ✓ in A)

D Fill in the blanks with the paragraph numbers. - Before the interview: Paragraph(s) 1, 2 . - During the interview: Paragraph(s) 3, 4 . - After the interview: Paragraph(s) 5 .


Hi, Sue, How are things? I’m writing to thank you for the beautiful LinkedIn recommendation. It just

so happens that I’ve been called for three interviews since you posted it, which shows, you

know [ 1 ], just how respected you are in our field.

Last week I had an interview at Orange, the one I’d been looking forward to the most, I

think: good pay, lots of perks, great career prospects - the job of my dreams, really. Anyway,

I got there one hour early - you have no idea what the traffic in this city is like [ 5 ] - and was

feeling pretty confident. You see [ 1 ], I’d done all my homework: Googled the company, the

CEO, the shareholders...

When the woman opened the door and greeted me, she looked kind of familiar. I was really,

really [ 6 ] sure I’d seen that face before. When she finally introduced herself, I couldn’t

believe my ears. Her name was Rebeca and she was my boss back in 1875 [ 4 ] or something.

Oh, and here’s the best part [ 3 ]: She hated me.

So, guess what [ 1 ], I blew the interview big time. I was a nervous wreck and she noticed

immediately. I had trouble answering most of the questions, stammered a lot, couldn’t brag

about my experience, and, well [ 1 ], just made a complete fool of myself. And, strangely

enough, none of the questions I’d prepared for appeared in the interview. None of them!

No wonder I haven’t heard from them since. Don’t think I ever will [ 2 ]. Anyway, sorry for all

the negativity, Sue. I had to get this off my chest. Thanks for listening. Hope to see you soon [ 2 ]. Carlos


2 FOCUS ON REGISTER

A Read the examples in the chart. Then scan the e-mail again and write 1-6 next to the phrases

in bold.

Six ways to sound informal in written English

1 1 Use spoken expressions. It was, like, 40 degrees outside and the interview was - how can I put it - a bit odd.

2 2 Use ellipsis. ( - ) Don’t know if they’re going to call me again. ( - ) Pity! ( - ) Would be a great place to work.

3 3 Use sarcasm. How was the interview? Great! I arrived late, gave stupid answers and changed the guy’s name.

4 4 Use exaggeration. There were like a thousand people waiting outside, which was bit intimidating.

5 5 Include a few asides. The interview took place at the company’s headquarters - wow, what an impressive building.

6 6 Repeat words for emphasis. I recognized the interviewer immediately. He was a bad, bad man.

3 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY REVIEW A Discuss questions 1- 9 in pairs. Paragraph 1

1 Find an example of the present perfect. Why is it used there?

I’ve been called… - may happen again (since…)

2 Can you use that instead of which? No, because of he comma.


Paragraph 2

3 Find an example of the past perfect / past perfect continuous. Why is it used there? I´done / I’d been looking – background events

4 Which word(s) could replace anyway? Getting back to my story – Anyway sounds more natural, though

Paragraph 3

5 Find an example of the past perfect. Why is it used there? Paragraph 4

I’d seen tat face – background event

6 Rephrase the underlined sentences with the up phrasal verbs on page 35 (add-on). Picked up on that / tripped up on most of… / couldn’t talk myself up / none of the questions came up

7 Which other adverbs that could replace strangely enough? Oddly enough, unfortunately

Paragraph 5

8 Why did he use no wonder? What’s another way to say it?

To say he’s no surprised. “It’s no wonder” also possible

9 Find an example of the present perfect. Why is it used there? Haven’t heard from them – SINCE. It’s possible, though

B MAKE IT REAL At home, write an e-mail to a friend, telling him/her about the job interview

of describe in exercise 1A. Guidelines: 1 First, decide why you’re writing. To amuse him/her? To thank him/her? Any other reason?

2 Write at least five paragraphs: an intro, before the interview, during the interview, after the

interview, final thoughts. 3 Keep an informal tone throughout. Use at least four of the tips in exercise 2A.

4 Include at least two of the phrasal verbs on page 35 of this add-on.

5 Include at least two of the adverbs on pages 46 and 47 of your student’s book.

6 Write between 200 - 250 words. 7 When you finish, proofread your text twice. Pay close attention to your use of verb tenses.

Refer to exercise 3A again.


DAY 28 A LITTLE HELP FROM...

Objective: Help you use past / mixed conditionals better and provide opportunities for fluency work.

1 GRAMMAR REVIEW: PAST CONDITIONALS

A Write PR (present) or PS (past) next to the underlined phrases in the first column. Then

complete the conditional sentences. Ignore the * for now.

1

In 2001, the US suffered [ PS ]

a terrorist attack. President

Bush invaded [ PS ] Iraq two

years later.

If the US hadn’t suffered

a terrorist attack, * President Bush

wouldn’t have invaded

Iraq two years later

2

The US spent [ PS ] a lot of money on the Iraq war. Today

the deficit is [ PR ] at an all-time high.

* The US deficit would not be

at an all-time high if it hadn’t spent

so much money on the Iraq war.

3

The housing market imploded

[ PS ] . The US went [ PS ] into

a deep recession.

If the housing market hadn’t imploded,

* the US wouldn’t have gone

into such a deep recession.

4

President Bush became [ PS ] extremely unpopular. The Democrats took [ PS ] the

White House.

* The Democrats wouldn’t have taken

the White House if President Bush hadn’t become so unpopular.

5

As soon as he took office, President Obama bailed out

[ PS ] the auto industry. GM is [ PR ] still alive.

If President Obama hadn’t bailed out

the auto industry, * GM wouldn’t be

alive today.


B In pairs, replace the * in exercise A by:

C MAKE IT REAL Discuss 1-3 in small groups. 1 Do you think the story in exercise A was told from a Democrat’s or a Republican’s point of view?

Overall, do you think it reflects the truth?

2 Think of a company in Brazil that would have gone bankrupt without federal intervention. Do

you think the government was right to intervene? 3 Social programs are examples of government intervention. As a rule, do you think they’re a

good idea?

2 USEFUL VOCABULARY: EXPRESSING YOUR VIEWS

A [28.1] Watch a very short excerpt from a CBS documentary about Brazil. Which social program

is being described? B [28.1] Watch the video again and complete the glossary. Five terms you need to know to talk about Brazil: Social and economic chasm: The gap between rich and poor. Monthly stipend: Money you get every month without having to work. Lift someone out of poverty: Give someone minimum living conditions. Lower-middle class: The so-called “Classe C.” First-time buyers: People who couldn’t afford to buy something in the past.

C [28.2] Check. D Read the opinions on the next page. Who do you tend to agree / disagree with? Take notes

below.

Two reasons why I think __________ is right Two reasons why I think __________ is wrong


1

The bolsa família helped the economy take off in the early

2000s by giving millions of families access to consumer goods

they had never been able to afford before. Some people say

that a small stipend at the end of each month will make people

lazy, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. Carla, 35, IT

manager.

2

My grandfather used to say that you should teach a man

how to fish rather than give him the fish. I couldn’t agree

more. A monthly stipend at the end of each month will only

discourage poor people from looking for work. I guess the

point I’m trying to make is that the bolsa família is just a

temporary bandaid, rather than a permanent cure. Edson,

27, History teacher.

3

I have mixed feelings about this issue. On the one hand, the

more money you inject into the economy, the more it will

grow. Plus, there’s no denying that the bolsa família lifted

millions of people out of poverty. On the other hand, I

believe the bolsa família only serves to mask the core issue

facing this country: We need to invest in education. Period.

Oswaldo, 34, actor. E Write the blue expressions in the chart.

Here’s what you’ve always said: Here’s a “more advanced” way to say it:

I agree. I couldn’t agree more

This is not true. This couldn’t be further from…

What I’m trying to say is... The point I’m Trying to…

I’m not sure how I feel about... I have mixed feelings about…

You need to accept the fact that... There’s no denying that..

F MAKE IT REAL Have a mini-debate based on the notes you took in exercise C. Follow your

teacher’s instructions. Use at least three expressions from exercise D.


DAY 30 ORAL PRESENTATION

TOPICS

Objective: Help you pick the best topic for the oral presentation on day 34.

A Choose one of the options below and get ready to deliver a 10-minute presentation to your

peers and teacher on the last day of the course. Option 1 Explain how the use of social networks has changed your life. Consider time management,

interaction with friends/acquaintances and career/academic life. Overall, do you think Facebook,

twitter, Linked-in etc. have had a mostly positive or negative impact on your life? Refer to add-on,

day 4, and Viewpoint, unit 1. Option 2 Imagine you’re on a mission to reduce the use of business jargon in your company. Address your

coworkers and try to convince them that jargon does more harm than good. Suggest ways in which

the company’s communication can be more effective. Refer to add-on, day 7. Option 3 Describe a particularly difficult year you’ve had at school / college. What did you struggle with?

Who did you turn to for help? What happened in the end? What did you learn from the

experience? Refer to Viewpoint, unit 3. Option 4 Talk about Steve Jobs’ legacy. Of all his inventions, which one has had the greatest impact on

modern society? What would the world be like without it? How well have Apple’s competitors been

able to copy / improve it? Refer to add-on, day 15. Option 5 Describe what you do to balance your career / studies and your personal life. How do you set

priorities? How do your choices affect the people around you? What do your choices say about

your personal definition of success? Refer to add-on, day 21. Option 6 Imagine you’re a business consultant. You’re addressing a group of 20-year-olds who are about to

have their first job interviews. Tell them some of the dos and don’ts of good interviews and give

examples of things they could say to make a good impression. Refer to add-on, days 25 and 25 and

Viewpoint, unit 4.


B These are the criteria your teacher is going to use to assess your presentation:

Planning

1. Enough content. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 -

2. Effectiveness of visual support. 0 0.5 1 1.5 - -

Delivery

3. Ability to catch and sustain attention. 0 0.5 1 1.5 - -

4. Quick / occasional reference to notes. 0 0.5 1 1.5 - -

Language

5. Fluency. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 -

6. Pronunciation. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 -

7. Accuracy of basic grammar and vocabulary. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.25

8. Use of recently-learned language. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 -

1. Enough content: Here your teacher will be looking for evidence that you planned your

presentation carefully and had enough to say, without having to waffle. 2. Effectiveness of visual support: Were the slides / posters well designed? Did they help you

convey your ideas clearly? 3. Ability to catch and sustain attention: Here your teacher will assess how well you were able to

keep your colleagues interested in what you had to say. 4. Quick / occasional reference to notes: The less you have to read from your notes during the

presentation, the higher your grade here. 5. Fluency: Does your speech flow reasonably well or do you hesitate a lot? 6. Pronunciation: How easily would someone from another country understand you? 7. Accuracy of basic grammar and vocabulary: Here you’ll lose points if you say things like: “He

think”, “I didn’t went”, “The numbers is”, “You have questions?”, “Everybody know”, “I need

speak”, “I made a course”, “I’m going to say about…” 8. Use of recently-learned language: The important thing here is to try to use the vocabulary and

grammar you’ve learned in this course, even if you get it wrong sometimes.


C Here are a few tips to keep in mind: Bad PowerPoint happens to good people, and quite often the person giving the presentation is

just as much a victim as those listening to her or him. Here are ten tips to help you make your

presentations more fun and productive. 1. Write a script. The point of your slides is to illustrate what you are going to say to your audience. First, you should

know what exactly you intend to say and then figure out how to visualize it - not the other way

round. 2. One thing at a time, please. At any given moment, what should be on the screen is the thing you’re talking about. Our

audience will almost instantly read every slide as soon as it’s displayed; if you have your next four

points there, on the same slide, they’ll be three steps ahead of you, waiting for you to catch up

rather than listening with interest to the point you’re making. 3. No paragraphs. If you use big chunky blocks of text on your slides, your audience will die of boredom. Remember:

Your slides are the illustrations for your presentation, not the presentation itself. They should

underline and reinforce what you’re saying as you give your presentation — save the paragraphs

of text for your script. 4. Pay attention to design. PowerPoint offers all sorts of ways to add visual “flash” to your slides: fades, swipes, flashing text,

and other annoyances are all too easy to insert with a few mouse clicks. Avoid the temptation to

dress up your pages with cheesy effects and focus instead on simple design. Also, as a rule, put

dark text on a light background, which is easier to read. 6. Think outside the screen. Remember, the slides on the screen are only part of the presentation – and not the main part. Give

some thought to your own presentation manner – how you hold yourself, what you wear, how you

move around the room. You are the focus when you’re presenting, no matter how interesting your

slides are. 7. Ask questions. Questions arouse interest and engage audiences. So ask a lot of them. Build tension by posing a

question and letting your audience think for a moment before moving to the next slide with the

answer. If appropriate, engage in a little question-and-answer with your audience, with you asking

the questions. Adapted from: http://www.lifehack.org/articles/technology/10-tips-for-more-effective-powerpoint-presentations.html


DAY 31 CAREER REGRETS

Objective: Help you develop your text-attack skills so you can cope with authentic English better.

1 SKIMMING AND SCANNING

A You’re going to read the introduction of an article on career regrets. This is how it begins:

“I had just finished a guest lecture on business and innovation at Parsons School for Design...” And this is how the introduction ends: “Here were the group’s top five career regrets.” What “group” do you think he’s referring to? Read section 1 (“How it all started”) quickly and

check your guesses. Ignore the gaps and any unknown words for now. You have one minute.

B Read section 2 (“What I found out”) and match regrets a-f below to the correct paragraphs.

There are two extra sentences. You have three minutes. a I wish I had the confidence to start my own business.

b I wish I hadn’t taken the job for the money.

c I wish I had acted on my career hunches.

d I wish I hadn’t dropped out of college.

e I wish I’d chosen a better-paying job.

f I wish I’d quit earlier.


1. How it all started [paragraph 1] I had just finished a guest lecture on business and innovation at Parsons School for Design and a particularly attentive front-row audience member started question time with the toughest one of the day, totally off-topic. Somewhat impatiently, I answered his question and tried to get back to what I was talking about. But judging from the number of follow-up questions that afternoon and the volume of post-lecture emails I received, I clearly chose the wrong topic. [paragraph 2] Ever since that afternoon, I’ve been on a mission to categorically answer the awkward but significant question of exactly what we’d do if we could magically go back in time and start our careers again. And here’s why: By exposing what others are most disappointed about in their professional lives, we’re hopefully maximizing our chances of minimizing regret in our own. [paragraph 3] To this end, I sat down with 30 professionals between the ages of 28 and 58, and asked each what they regretted most about their careers to date. I’d been expecting to interview people with very similar backgrounds, but, surprisingly, the group was very heterogeneous. I spoke with a 39-year-old managing director of a large investment bank, a failing self-employed photographer, a millionaire entrepreneur, and even a Fortune 500 CEO. Predictably, though, no matter what industry the individual operated in or whether they had succeeded or failed, there were four dominant themes in their answers. 2. What I found out [paragraph 4] Regret 1: __B__ By far the biggest regret of all came from those who opted into high-paying but ultimately dissatisfying careers. What was surprising, though, were the feelings of helplessness these individuals were facing. One investment banker lamented, “I dream of quitting every day, but I have too many commitments.” Another consultant said, “I’d love to leave the stress behind, but I don’t think I’d be good at anything else.” [paragraph 5] Regret 2: __F__ Almost uniformly, those who had actually left their jobs to pursue their passions wished they had done so earlier. Variable reinforcement schedules prevalent in large corporations, the visibility of social media, and the desire to log incremental gains are three reasons why 80% dissatisfied with their jobs don’t quit when they know they should. [paragraph 6] Regret 3: __A__ As their personal finances shored up, professionals I surveyed yearned for more control over their lives. The logical answer? To become an owner, not an employee in someone else’s company. But in the words of Artful Dodger, “wanting it ain’t enough.” A recent study found that 70% of workers wished their current job would help them with starting a business in the future, yet only 15% said they had what it takes to actually fly solo.


[paragraph 7] Regret 4: __C__ Several individuals recounted windows of opportunity in their careers, or as one professional described, “now-or-never moments.” In 2005, an investment banker was asked to lead a small team in (now) rapidly growing Latin America. Although deep down he knew that the move might be an upward step, he still declined. Perhaps not surprisingly, the individual brave enough to accept the offer and jump on the opportunity was promoted shortly to division head, then to CEO. 3. Moral of the story [paragraph 8] Regret should hold a privileged place in your emotional repertoire. Yes, it has the power to put you on an emotional roller coaster, but it is a powerful catalyst for change. We can’t rewind our careers, but we must articulate and celebrate our disappointments, understanding that it’s our capacity to experience regret deeply, and learn from it constructively that will allow us to ultimately reset our careers and frame our future success.

(Adapted from http://blogs.hbr.org/2012/12/the-top-five-career-regrets/)

C Now scan the whole article and match the two columns. You have three minutes.

number: what it refers to: Remember: When you scan a text, you don’t read it from start to finish. You run your eyes over the text quickly, trying to find specific information.

30 % of people who would like to start their own business

36 % of people who considered themselves good enough to start their own business.

39 Age range of the professionals he spoke to.

15 % of 50-year-olds who graduated from college.

70 Managing director’s age.

28-58 Number of people he spoke to.


2 UNDERSTANDING ATTITUDE AND METAHOR

A Look at examples on the slides. Then refer back to section 1 in the article (“How it

all started”) and complete the gaps with the adverbs below.

paragraph adverbs

1 clearly / impatiently

2 hopefully / magically

3 predictably / surprisingly

B Look at the examples on the slides. Then refer back to paragraphs 7 and 8 and explain what

is meant by the words in bold.

3 REACTING TO THE TEXT

A Discuss questions 1 - 4 in small groups. 1 Do you identify with any of the sentences in exercise 1B? If so, which one?

2 Looking back on your early career, what do you wish you had done differently?

3 Do you think you have what it takes to start your own business? Why (not)?

4 Do you agree that regret can be a helpful emotion? Why (not)?


DAY 32 FINAL REVIEW

A All the sentences below, except one, contain one grammar mistake each. Find the mistake

and correct it. Then, in pairs, say if each sentence is true for you.

1 I wish I started to learn English when I was a child.

I wish I had started to learn English when I was a child. 2 If the traffic hadn’t been so bad this morning, I wouldn’t arrived at work so late.

If the traffic hadn’t been so bad this morning, I wouldn’t have arrived at work so late.

3 Whenever I need a good advice, I turn to my best friend. Whenever I need some / - good advice, I turn to my best friend.

4 I thought the midterm exam was going to be hard, but, strange enough, it wasn’t.

I thought the midterm exam was going to be hard, but, strangely enough, it wasn’t.

5 I had a great feedback from my boss last week. I had some / - great feedback from my boss last week.

6 When I woke up this morning, it had been rained for hours.

When I woke up this morning, it had been raining for hours. 7 I went to the US last year. I have never been there before.

I went to the US last year. I had never been there before. 8 I study English for four years. I think I should speak better than I do.

I have studied / have been studying English for four years. I think I should speak … 9 I did well in the midterm oral test, which, honestly, surprised me a bit. (Correct!!) 10 Steve Jobs, that passed away a few years ago, is one of my heroes.

Steve Jobs, who passed away a few years ago, is one of my heroes. 11 I find it difficult to understand people that speaks with a British accent.

I find it difficult to understand people that speak with a British accent. 12 My boss tend to get defensive when people question him.

My boss tends to get defensive when people question him.


13 Facebook is lots of fun. On the contrary, it discourages face to face interaction.

Facebook is lots of fun. On the other hand, it discourages face to face interaction. 14 I have difficulty to understand Australian English.

I have difficulty understanding Australian English.

B Rewrite sentences 1-8 more formally, using the correct form of the words in brackets.

1 My company sells lots of different products. [WIDE RANGE] … sells a wide range of products

2 This is not true at all! [FURTHER / TRUTH] This couldn’t be further from the truth.

3 Have you made up your mind? [REACH] Have you reached a decision?

4 My command of Spanish makes me better than other candidates. [DIFFERENTIATE] … Spanish differentiates me from other …

5 The company went bankrupt because the economy was bad. [BANKRUPTCY / DIRECT RESULT] The company’s bankruptcy was a direct result of the bad…

6 Anyone can see that the project was a success. [NO DENYING] There’s no denying that the project…

7 Are you sure you’re willing to be a part of this project? [EMBARK / UNDERTAKING] … you are willing to embark on this undertaking?

8 I have lots and lots of experience building websites. [DEAL OF] … a great deal of experience (IN - optional) building…

C Complete questions 1-16 with one suitable word. Then ask and answer in pairs, using real

information. 1 Does your boss tend to set realistic deadlines or deadlines that are impossible to meet? 2 Do you think telecommunication companies should face stiffer competition in Brazil? 3 If you were the president, how would you tackle the problem of wealth (money) distribution in

Brazil?

4 Looking back on the last five years, how well have you been able to keep on track with your career goals?

5 In your last performance evaluation at work, did any salary-related issues come up? (be mentioned)

If so, who brought them up?


6 In your last job interview, were there any questions you tripped up on? (had trouble answering) 7 If you were the mayor, how would you address(deal with) the thorny (difficult) issue of heavy traffic

in the city? 8 Do you think you have the right traits (characteristics) to be a senior manager? 9 When your boss is away for a week or so, do things continue to run smoothly (without any problems) in the office without him/her? 10 Do you think there’s any hope whatsoever (at all) that Brazil will eradicate poverty within the

next two decades? 11 Have you ever felt like you were falling behind on your Alumni work because you were just too

tired or stressed out? 12 When you’re struggling (finding it hard) to learn something, do you tend to get discouraged? Or do

you try even harder? 13 If you were taking a test and really didn’t know how to answer a question, would you leave it

blank and turn the test in? Or would you make a wild guess just in case? 14 Do you make a point of calling your close friends on their birthdays? Or do you simply text

them? 15 How do you usually feel on the days leading up to your birthday? 16 Why do you think so many people have mixed feelings about Globo’s soap operas?

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