BRASILEIRÃO EM REVISTA ELETRÔNICA: Análise da editoria esportiva comandada por Tadeu Schmidt no Fantástico

8/7/2019 BRASILEIRÃO EM REVISTA ELETRÔNICA: Análise da editoria esportiva comandada por Tadeu Schmidt no Fantástico

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8 KCZYOJVÎÇO

H pfwxvkwh hpyfwfczhjh zf}f gobo mogo h hchlkwf jo moybhzo jo aoychlkwbo fwpoyzk}o jh

fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf jo Mhczèwzkgo, h phyzky jo jkwgvywo hvjko}kwvhl hpyfwfczhjo poy Zhjfv

Wgdbkjz# Gob ihwf cfwwhw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw, mok powwâ}fl wkchlkqhy ow flfbfczow xvf gobpöfb hw

bhzëykhw pyojvqkjhw f ftkikjhw co pyonyhbh#

O mvzfiol ë gocdfgkjo gobo h phktço chgkochl# Hpfwhy jf cço zfy wkjo gykhjo co Iyhwkl, h

pyèzkgh, h jfjkghîço, o zhlfczo jow aonhjoyfw f h fboîço jh zoygkjh mhqfb xvf o phâw wfah

yfgocdfgkjo bvcjkhlbfczf hzyh}ëw jo fwpoyzf# Ë h bojhlkjhjf xvf gocwfnvf cfnhy ihyyfkyhw

fgocúbkghw f vcky h popvlhîço hzyh}ëw jo bfwbo oiafzk}o, xvf ë zoygfy poy vb zkbf jfmvzfiol#

H zflf}kwço ë o }fâgvlo xvf fwzè pyfwfczf fb bhkoy xvhczkjhjf chw yfwkjácgkhw jow iyhwklfkyow,

hiyhcnfcjo ;>,8& 8 jow bvckgâpkow, cñbfyo xvf goyyfwpocjf h bhkw jf := bkldöfw jf

hphyfldow 9# H Z] ë ghphq jf hpyfwfczhy hw kcmoybhîöfw fb zfbpo yfhl, gob h kbhnfb gobo

jkmfyfcgkhl jf ovzyo }fâgvlo popvlhy gobo o yèjko# Hzyh}ëw jhw kbhnfcw, zftzow f yfgvywow

nyèmkgow, h zflf}kwço ivwgh omfyfgfy ho zflfwpfgzhjoy ow goczfñjow bhkw kbpoyzhczfw gob ojkchbkwbo f h }flogkjhjf xvf o zflfaoychlkwbo ftknf# Hlëb jf pyojvqky kcmoybhîöfw

aoychlâwzkghw, h Z] zhbiëb hpyfwfczh goczfñjow jf fczyfzfckbfczo, opkchzk}ow, pvilkgkzèykow,

fczyf ovzyow#

H vckço jo fwpoyzf bhkw popvlhy jo bvcjo f jo bfko jf gobvckghîço jf bhkw hgfwwkiklkjhjf

jow iyhwklfkyow yfwvlzh ch kbpoyzécgkh jh goifyzvyh fwpoyzk}h chw fbkwwoyhw jf zflf}kwço# H

Yfjf Nloio jf Zflf}kwço, yfmfyácgkh co gfcèyko zflf}kwk}o, ë vb jow }fâgvlow jf gobvckghîçoxvf jfjkgh nyhcjf phyzf jh wvh pyonyhbhîço phyh goifyzvyhw fwpoyzk}hw# Fczyf flfw, fwzè o

Mhczèwzkgo, pyonyhbh ihwfhjo co moybhzo jf yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh, ftkikjo how jobkcnow, àw

90d:6# Hlëb jf hpyfwfczhy kcmoybhîöfw woiyf }hykhjow hwwvczow xvf yfpfygvzkyhb jvyhczf h

wfbhch, gobo polâzkgh, fczyfzfckbfczo, whñjf, polâgkh, fgocobkh f cozâgkhw kczfychgkochkw, o

pyonyhbh powwvk vbh fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzfw xvf ë pyojvqkjh, fjkzhjh f hpyfwfczhjh poy Zhjfv

Wgdbkjz#

8 dzzp1//n8#nloio#gob/Cozkgkhw/Fgocobkh_Cfnogkow/0,,BVL97>74";76=,00#dzbl9 dzzp1//~~~#kinf#no}#iy/wfykfw_fwzhzkwzkghw/ftkifjhjow#pdp?kjck}fl2IY-kjwfykf2MFJ98:

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O pyoafzo powwvk yflf}écgkh phyh o zflfaoychlkwbo f phyh h goifyzvyh jo aoychlkwbo fwpoyzk}o,

vbh }fq xvf o moybhzo hvjk}kwvhl jo pyonyhbh ë pfgvlkhy poy wfy vbh yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh f

hpyfwfczhy jf moybh jkmfyfcgkhjh o xvf aè mok hioyjhjo poy ovzyow }fâgvlow jf gobvckghîço#

Hzyh}ëw jo fwzvjo jo bhzfykhl fbpâykgo gob xvhzyo fjkîöfw jo pyonyhbh, h hcèlkwf mok

mvcjhbfczhjh fb ghpâzvlow zf÷ykgow h phyzky jow gocgfkzow jow hvzoyfw# O wfnvcjo ghpâzvlo

hpyfwfczh hw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jo zflfaoychlkwbo f o moybhzo jo pyonyhbh jf yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh#

Moyhb hioyjhjow hw zëgckghw f flfbfczow xvf gobpöf h pyojvîço, fjkîço, chyyhîço,

hpyfwfczhîço, zftzo f kbhnfcw jow goczfñjow h wfyfb ftkikjow ch zflf}kwço# Moyhb vzklkqhjow

gobo moczf jf kcmoybhîöfw hvzoyfw gobo Pfjyo Bhgkfl $8;;6+, Afhc"Ahgxvfw Afwpfyw $8;;4+,

Lvgkhch Ikwzhcf f Lvgkhcf Ihgfllhy $900=+, Bhyâlkh Wghlqo $900:+, Jobkcnow PhwgdohlGfnhllh $900:+ f Wëynko ]klhw Iohw $8;;=+#

O zfygfkyo ghpâzvlo jh pfwxvkwh moghlkqh h dkwz÷ykh jo mvzfiol, h goifyzvyh fwpoyzk}h f o

aoychlkwbo opkchzk}o# Wço f}kjfcgkhjhw hw kjfhkw jo fwpoyzf gobo mfcúbfco wogkhl, jh mvcîço

jo yfp÷yzfy chw bhzëykhw jf zflf}kwço f hw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jh lkcnvhnfb co aoychlkwbo jh

fjkzoykh f jo phpfl jo nácfyo opkchzk}o ch gocwzyvîço jhw bhzëykhw# Hvzoyfw gobo Yoifyzo

JhBhzzh $900=+, Hczocko Myhcgo Fwzhjfllh $8;40+, Cklwoc Lhnf $9009+, ]fyh Kykw Phzfycowzyo$8;4>+, Phvlo ]kcâgkvw Gofldo $9004+, Lvkq Iflzyço $8;40+ f Aowë Bhyxvfw jf Bflo $8;46+

moyhb vzklkqhjow gobo ihwf phyh jfzfybkchy gobo jf}f wfy yfhlkqhjh h goifyzvyh fwpoyzk}h

zflf}kwk}h f ow wfvw pykcgkphkw flfbfczow#

O xvhyzo ghpâzvlo zyhzh woiyf h bfzojolonkh hplkghjh f woiyf vb iyf}f dkwz÷ykgo jo

Mhczèwzkgo# Zhbiëb ë hpyfwfczhjo vbh hcèlkwf jfwgykzk}h jh fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf f o fwzvjo jf

ghwo jo moybhzo fwpoyzk}o jo pyonyhbh f ow flfbfczow hvjko}kwvhkw xvf gobpöf hwyfpoyzhnfcw hpyfwfczhjhw poy Zhjfv Wgdbkjz# H golfzh jo bhzfykhl fbpâykgo phyh h hcèlkwf

ogoyyfv fczyf ow jkhw 6 f 70 jf bhko jf 9080, zfbpo yfmfyfczf ho kcâgko jo Ghbpfochzo

Iyhwklfkyo f à phyhlkwhîço jo bfwbo phyh h Goph jo Bvcjo# H hcèlkwf mok jk}kjkjh fb

ghzfnoykhw gobo h gocwzyvîço jh opkckço f pyomkwwkochlkwbo fwpoyzk}o, o zftzo mhlhjo f mknvyhw

jf lkcnvhnfb f gobpowkîço jf kbhnfcw f kczfyhzk}kjhjf#

Poy ñlzkbo, o xvkczo ghpâzvlo hpyfwfczh hw gocwkjfyhîöfw mkchkw h phyzky jh gocglvwço xvf wf

gdfnov gob o fwzvjo# Moyhb hpoczhjhw hw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw f flfbfczow jo moybhzo aoychlâwzkgo

>



f hvjko}kwvhl jh fjkzoykh fwpoyzk}h jo Mhczèwzkgo h phyzky jh goifyzvyh jo Ghbpfochzo

Iyhwklfkyo jf 9080, hpyfwfczhjh poy Zhjfv Wgdbkjz#

4



9 ZFLF]KWÇO1 H HYZF JF ]FY, OV]KY F KCZFYPYFZHY

9#8 Lkcnvhnfb aoychlâwzkgh ch Z]

H pyfgkwço jo zftzo aoychlâwzkgo mhlhjo ch zflf}kwço ë zço kbpoyzhczf xvhczo h ftkikîço jhw

kbhnfcw# O zftzo mhlhjo zfb vb phpfl kcjkwpfcwè}fl, pokw hvtklkh ch gobpyffcwço jow

goczfñjow ftkikjow# H zflf}kwço ftknf xvf o jkwgvywo hpyfwfczhjo wfah jkmfyfczf jow jfbhkw

}fâgvlow jf gobvckghîço poy ghyhgzfyâwzkghw py÷pykhw gobo o kbfjkhzkwbo, h hnklkjhjf, o

zfbpo f o fcoybf pñilkgo xvf hgobphcdh h pyonyhbhîço# Ghif how aoychlkwzhw pyojvqkyfb

goczfñjow hzvhkw, hnyhjè}fkw, popvlhyfw f jf mègkl fczfcjkbfczo phyh ow zflfwpfgzhjoyfw#

H zflf}kwço ë hpyfwfczhjh poy Pfjyo Bhgkfl gobo o “U###R ñckgo }fâgvlo jf gobvckghîço jf

bhwwh xvf boiklkqh jokw jow wfczkjow dvbhcow bhkw kbpoyzhczfw ho bfwbo zfbpo1 h hvjkîço

f h }kwço‒ $BHGKFL, 8;;6, p#86+# Hpfwhy jf h kbhnfb wfy gocwkjfyhjh o flfbfczo bhkw

kbpoyzhczf jh Z], o zftzo mhlhjo ë vb gobplfbfczo kcjkwpfcwè}fl phyh o fczfcjkbfczo jo

pñilkgo#

]fyh Kykw Phzfycowzyo $8;4>+ yfgoyyf ho pyo}ëyiko gdkcáw xvf hmkybh xvf vbh ioh kbhnfb }hlfpoy bkl phlh}yhw phyh jfmkcky h hwwogkhîço xvf o pñilkgo mhq xvhcjo wf zyhzh jf zflf}kwço# H

hvzoyh gocgoyjh gob fwwf wfcwo gobvb f gob h kbpoyzécgkh jh kbhnfb phyh o }fâgvlo, vbh

}fq xvf ë hzyh}ëw jflh xvf h Z] gobpfzf gob o aoychl kbpyfwwo f gob o yèjko, bhw nhyhczf

xvf ë jf}kjo à vckço jo zftzo gob h kbhnfb xvf ë powwâ}fl mhqfy"wf vb iob zflfaoychlkwbo#

Phyh Bhgkfl $8;;6+, h kcmoybhîço aoychlâwzkgh ch zflf}kwço jf}f wfy jkjèzkgh, cço jfkthy

jñ}kjhw xvhczo à bfcwhnfb pvilkghjh f wfy ifb wkbplfw# Phyh kwwo, ë cfgfwwèyko xvf o zftzowfah oiafzk}o, bhw xvf zhbiëb zfcdh phlh}yhw goloxvkhkw phyh wfy bhkw hnyhjè}fl phyh o

zflfwpfgzhjoy# H mhlh kcmoybhl, poyëb cço jf}f wfy fczfcjkjh gobo vb zftzo poiyf#

Phzfycowzyo $8;4>+ zhbiëb hmkybh xvf o zftzo goloxvkhl ë vbh ftknácgkh co aoychlkwbo

zflf}kwk}o f xvf cço wf pojf jfwgocwkjfyhy hw yfnyhw nyhbhzkghkw# Bfwbo gob jkwgvywo bhkw

wkbplfw ë cfgfwwèyko xvf o zftzo mhlhjo zyhcwbkzh h kcmoybhîço goyyfzhbfczf, wfb wf zoychy

}vlnhy#

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H ivwgh jo goloxvkhl gocwkwzf, pykcgkphlbfczf, ch cfgfwwkjhjf jf wf fcgoczyhy vbcâ}fl gobvb jf fczfcjkbfczo phyh h bfcwhnfb xvf wf }hk zyhcwbkzky# Xvhczo bhkw hwphlh}yhw moyfb mhbklkhyfw ho zflfwpfgzhjoy, bhkoy wfyè o nyhv jf gobvckghîço# Vbhbfcwhnfb gob o zftzo wkbplfw zfb ghphgkjhjf jf hzkcnky vb bhkoy pñilkgo yfgfpzoy

dfzfyonácfo $glhwwfw wogkhkw, kcwzyvîço f kjhjfw jkmfyfczfw+# $PHZFYCOWZYO, 8;4>,p#66+

Phyh xvf o goloxvkhlkwbo cço wf zoycf vb fthnfyo, Phzfycowzyo $8;4>+ f Bhgkfl $8;;6+

kjfczkmkghb hlnvbhw yfnyhw kbpoyzhczfw# Jf hgoyjo gob Bhgkfl, o zftzo ë jfzfybkchczf chw

bhzëykhw, poy kwwo, vb “U###R iob gobfîo phyh xvfb pyfzfcjf vzklkqhy h lkcnvhnfb fwgykzh ov

mhlhjh phyh zyhcwbkzky kcmoybhîöfw, gobo ë o ghwo jow pyomkwwkochkw jf gobvckghîço, ë vzklkqhy

h oyjfb jkyfzh ch gocwzyvîço jhw myhwfw1 wvafkzo, pyfjkghjo f gobplfbfczow#‒ $BHGKFL,

8;;6, p#9=+# O hvzoy zhbiëb wvnfyf h gocwzyvîço jf myhwfw bhkw gvyzhw, pokw wço bhkw mègfkwphyh o fczfcjkbfczo jo pñilkgo f wohb bfldoy phyh o hpyfwfczhjoy f o zflfwpfgzhjoy# Hlëb

jkwwo, ë kbpoyzhczf zfy gvkjhjo gob vwo jf hjafzk}ow kyyflf}hczfw f gob ow pyocobfw

powwfwwk}ow $wfv f/ov wvh+ phyh cço hwwvbkyfb ghyhgzfyâwzkghw hbiânvhw ch moybhîço jo zftzo,

f zhbiëb cço wf jf}f vzklkqhy hyzknow co gobfîo jhw myhwfw#

Bhgkfl $8;;6+ ftplkgh xvf ë pyokikjo o vwo jf ftpyfwwöfw xvf fwzço ch bojh, hw gdhbhjhw

“nâykhw‒# Poyëb, ë kbpoyzhczf cço vwhy zfybow jkmâgfkw, xvf cço wço jo vwo gobvb# Phlh}yhw

xvf ykbhb zhbiëb cço jf}fb wfy vzklkqhjhw chw bhzëykhw, pokw mkghb w

jfwhnyhjè}fkw phyh ow zflfwpfgzhjoyfw# Wço hgocwfldè}fkw xvf ow }fyiow wfahb fbpyfnhjow co

pyfwfczf jo kcjkghzk}o, pokw zyhcwbkzfb h kjfkh jh cozâgkh mhgzvhl#

Phzfycowzyo $8;4>+ fcmhzkqh xvf o zftzo jf}fyè zfy jvhw xvhlkjhjfw mvcjhbfczhkw1 h pyfgkwço

$vwo jf phlh}yhw hjfxvhjhw f fthzhw+ f h gocgkwço $kcmoybhy gob zftzow gvyzow+# H hvzoyh,

hwwkb gobo Bhgkfl $8;;6+, yfmoyîh h kbpoyzécgkh jh nyhbèzkgh phyh h gocwzyvîço jo zftzo

aoychlâwzkgo# Flh zhbiëb wvnfyf o vwo jh oyjfb jkyfzh jhw myhwfw, gob wvafkzo hczfw jo

pyfjkghjo wfnvkjo jf gobplfbfczow, f pfjf phyh xvf ow aoychlkwzhw cço vzklkqfb h fwzyvzvyh jf

oyhîço gob wvafkzo ogvlzo, pokw flh gfyzhbfczf kyè gocmvcjky o zflfwpfgzhjoy#

H gocgoyjécgkh }fyihl ë, wfnvcjo Phzfycowzyo $8;;6+, vb jow fyyow bhkw gobvcw jkhczf jo

ykzbo hpyfwwhjo jh zflf}kwço# Poyëb, h hnklkjhjf jo }fâgvlo cço jf}f wfy jfwgvlph phyh xvf ow

yfjhzoyfw jfktfb jf gocmfyky o zftzo hczfw jf ky ho hy# Phyh f}kzhy fwwfw fyyow h hvzoyh wvnfyf

xvf ow hpyfwfczhjoyfw mhîhb vbh lfkzvyh fb }oq hlzh, pokw fwwfw ftfygâgkow havjhb o aoychlkwzh

h pfygfify fyyow ièwkgow gobo h yfpfzkîço jhw phlh}yhw f ow ghg÷mhzow $h vckço jh ñlzkbh wâlhih

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jf vbh phlh}yh gob h pykbfkyh wâlhih jh phlh}yh wfnvkczf xvf yfwvlzh fb vbh zfygfkyh

phlh}yh+#

Hlëb jo zftzo, ë kbpoyzhczf xvf h mhlh jo hpyfwfczhjoy wfah glhyh f zfcdh vb zkbiyf

hnyhjè}fl# Hlkhjo h kwwo, vbh ioh jkgîço zhbiëb zoych o zftzo bhkw fczfcjâ}fl phyh o

zflfwpfgzhjoy# Wfnvcjo Bhgkfl, “U###R xvhczo bhkw h lkcnvhnfb fwgykzh wf hpyotkbhy jh

lkcnvhnfb mhlhjh bhkoy wfyè h powwkiklkjhjf jf fczfcjkbfczo‒ $BHGKFL, 8;;6, p#9=+# Phyh o

hvzoy, o hpyfwfczhjoy pojf vzklkqhy hlnvcw yfgvywow }oghkw kbpoyzhczfw phyh h gocwzyvîço jo

wfv zftzo gobo h phvwh, h }hykhîço jo }olvbf f jo zob jh }oq f h bvjhcîh jo ykzbo hczfw jf

hlnvbhw phlh}yhw ov myhwfw# Phzfycowzyo $8;4>+ yfwwhlzh xvf ë hzyh}ëw jo ykzbo jh lfkzvyh xvf o

zflfwpfgzhjoy pojf wf kczfyfwwhy pflh bhzëykh f pykcgkphlbfczf fczfcjfy o xvf o aoychlkwzh xvfy jkqfy# Phyh kwwo, ë kbpoyzhczf xvf o zftzo cço wfah goczvcjfczf ov hnyfwwk}o, poyëb cço pojf

wf zoychy lfczo f ghcwhzk}o#

Phyh Bhgkfl $8;;6+, h zflf}kwço ë vb }fâgvlo bvkzo pfgvlkhy jf}kjo h wvh hnklkjhjf f

bojfyckjhjf, wfcjo bhwwk}h, kczkbkwzh, jkwpfywk}h f wflfzk}h# O pykbfkyo hzykivzo ë poy lkjhy

gob vb cñbfyo ftoyikzhczf jf pfwwohw# Jf hgoyjo gob jhjow jf vbh pfwxvkwh yfhlkqhjh pflo

Pyonyhbh Chgkochl jf Gocwfy}hîço jf Fcfynkh Flëzykgh $Pyogfl+, jh Flfzyoiyèw7

, h zflf}kwçofwzè pyfwfczf fb ;>,8& jow bvckgâpkow iyhwklfkyow, cñbfyo xvf goyyfwpocjf wfnvcjo ho

Gfcwo 9006:, h bhkw jf := bkldöfw jf hphyfldow# Hzyh}ëw jow h}hcîow jh zfgcolonkh, h

zflf}kwço zfb hlghcîhjo vbh ftphcwço jow goczfñjow hkcjh bhkoy, pokw o gflvlhy f h kczfycfz

pyophnhb gob bhkw mhgklkjhjf o xvf hczfw fyh ftkikjo hpfchw cow hphyfldow jf ghwh#

H zflf}kwço ë gocwkjfyhjh kczkbkwzh pflo hvzoy poy zfy vbh cfgfwwkjhjf f h oiyknhzoykfjhjf fb

zyhcwbkzky h kcmoybhîço gobo wf mowwf phyh vb ñckgo zflfwpfgzhjoy, }kwhcjo zyhcwmoybhy hxvflh bfcwhnfb fb vbh gocmkjácgkh phyh vb gocdfgkjo#

O }fâgvlo ë jkwpfywk}o poy cço gocwfnvky pyfcjfy zozhlbfczf h hzfcîço jo wfv pñilkgo, pokw o

zflfwpfgzhjoy fwzè wvafkzo h }èykhw kczfyyvpîöfw# Poy kwwo, ë cfgfwwèyko xvf h fjkîço jo

pyonyhbh wfah yèpkjh f ènkl, gob }kcdfzhw fczyf hw bhzëykhw, bñwkghw f bhcgdfzfw xvf

hcvcgkhb o xvf o aoychl hkcjh kyè hpyfwfczhy# O hvzoy zhbiëb gocgoyjh gob h zfoykh coyzf"

7 dzzp1//n8#nloio#gob/Cozkgkhw/Fgocobkh_Cfnogkow/0,,BVL97>74";76=,00#dzbl: dzzp1//~~~#kinf#no}#iy/wfykfw_fwzhzkwzkghw/ftkifjhjow#pdp?kjck}fl2IY-kjwfykf2MFJ98:

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hbfykghch xvf h hzfcîço jo pñilkgo jf}f wfy gocxvkwzhjh cow 80 pykbfkyow wfnvcjow jf

ftkikîço, xvhcjo o zflfwpfgzhjoy jfgkjf wf ow hwwvczow zyhzhjow wço jf wfv kczfyfwwf#

Phzfycowzyo $8;4>+, hwwkb gobo Bhgkfl $8;;6+, hmkybh xvf h zflf}kwço wfbpyf jk}kjf o

hbikfczf gob ovzyh hîço# “Ocjf xvfy xvf flh fwzfah, fwzè womyfcjo kczfymfyácgkh jf ovzyow

flfbfczow‒ $PHZFYCOWZYO, 8;4>, p#69+# H hvzoyh hgyfjkzh xvf ow yfgvywow zftzvhkw gobo h

vzklkqhîço jhw phlh}yhw “vynfczf‒, “hzfcîço‒ f “hgobphcdf hw kbhnfcw ftglvwk}hw‒ jvyhczf hw

bhzëykhw havjhb h wfcwkiklkqhy ow zflfwpfgzhjoyfw, hlëb jow yfgvywow }kwvhkw gobo bhphw,

wflow, jfwfcdow nyèmkgow, mozow f hzë hckbhîöfw zhbiëb wf zoychb kcjkwpfcwè}fkw phyh pyfcjfy

h hzfcîço jo pñilkgo#

Bhgkfl $8;;6+ mkchlkqh hw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jh Z] gobo vb }fâgvlo wflfzk}o poy zfy vb zfbpo

bfcoy phyh omfyfgfy vb fcoybf goczfñjo ho pñilkgo# Poy kwwo, hw bhzëykhw wço bhkw gvyzhw f

bhkw oiafzk}hw, wflfgkochjhw jf hgoyjo gob o wfv nyhv jf kbpoyzécgkh# Fwwf ë o bozk}o xvf

mhq gob xvf hlnvbhw cozâgkhw jk}vlnhjhw jkhykhbfczf cow aoychkw, poy ftfbplo, cfb

hphyfîhb ch zflf}kwço, pokw o zfbpo jfwzkchjo à cozâgkh ch zflf}kwço ë bvkzo gvyzo f cço

pfybkzf xvf kcmoybhîöfw xvf wfahb jf kczfyfwwf jf vb pñilkgo yfwzykzo zfcdhb fwphîo fb wvh

nyhjf jf pyonyhbhîço, h cço wfy co ghwo jh Z] yfnkochl, xvf jfwzkch"wf h goiyky hw cozâgkhw jhwvh gkjhjf#

9#9 Pyojvîço, zëgckgh f chyyhîço

H kcjñwzykh jh gobvckghîço pyojvq pyonyhbhw phyh ow bhkw jk}fywow zflfwpfgzhjoyfw gob h

bfwbh kczfcîço1 gocxvkwzhy h hvjkácgkh jo pñilkgo# Mhlh, wob, kbhnfb, fmfkzow f wocoyhw

pyfgkwhb fwzhy fb wkczockh phyh pyfcjfy h hzfcîço jo zflfwpfgzhjoy# Pyojvzoyfw, aoychlkwzhw,gkcfnyhmkwzhw, fjkzoyfw f o yfwzhczf jh fxvkpf zyhihldhb avczow phyh xvf o pñilkgo zfcdh, hlëb

jf kcmoybhîço ifb hpvyhjh, jkchbkwbo, co}kjhjfw f fczyfzfckbfczo#

Jkmfyfczf jow aoychkw kbpyfwwow, h zflf}kwço cço pyfgkwh vzklkqhy h zëgckgh jh pkyébkjf

kc}fyzkjh $yfjhîço aoychlâwzkgh xvf oifjfgf h yfnyh jh oyjfb jhw kcmoybhî

kbpoyzhczfw phyh jfzhldfw jkwpfcwè}fkw ch bhzëykh+ co kcâgko jh yfpoyzhnfb yfwpocjfcjo àw

pfynvczhw glèwwkghw jow “wfzf ^‒1 ~do $xvfb+5 ~dhz $o xvá+5 zo ~dob $h xvfb+5 ~dfyf

$ocjf+5 ~dfc $xvhcjo+5 do~ $gobo+ f ~d{ $poyxvá+# O }fâgvlo pfybkzf xvf h fwzyvzvyh jh

bhzëykh wfah }hykhjh, jf hgoyjo gob wfv nácfyo, pyonyhbh f pñilkgo hl}o#

89



Afhc"Ahgxvfw Afwpfyw $8;;4+, jkmfyfczf jf Phzfycowzyo $8;4>+, hmkybh xvf ftkwzfb flfbfczow

kcjkwpfcwè}fkw phyh xvf o zftzo aoychlâwzkgo mkxvf hnyhjè}fl f poy kwwo, ë cfgfwwèyko xvf hw

bhzëykhw yfwpocjhb hw pfynvczhw jow wfzf “^‒# Afwpfyw hkcjh yfwwhlzh xvf ë cfgfwwèyko xvf o

zftzo mhlhjo wfah gocgkwo f xvf zfcdh goczfñjo wvmkgkfczf phyh kcmoybhy o zflfwpfgzhjoy# Ghwo

h bhzëykh wfah hpfchw phyh gobplfzhy o zfbpo jo pyonyhbh, flh cço jf}fyè wfy ftkikjh, pokw o

pñilkgo ivwgh ch zflf}kwço kcmoybhîöfw jhw jkmfyfczfw pvilkghjhw cow jfbhkw }fâgvlow#

Phyh Ikwzhcf f Ihgfllhy $900=+, gocwzyvky vbh bhzëykh fb zflf}kwço ë gobo boczhy vb aono jf

xvfiyh"ghifîh, pokw cço ftkwzf vbh yfnyh phyh o fcghktf jhw kbhnfcw, phyh h gocwzyvîço jhw

phwwhnfcw ov o omm jo yfp÷yzfy f cfb ow zyfgdow jh fczyf}kwzh# Ghjh bhzëykh }hk ftknky vbh

pyojvîço jkmfyfczf, bhw ë cfgfwwèyko xvf o yfp÷yzfy whkih o xvf bfyfgf wfy jfwzhghjo fb ghjhvbh jhw fzhphw jf pyojvîço, phyh xvf h yfpoyzhnfb ftkikjh zfcdh ow flfbfczow fcnhahjow# H

yfpoyzhnfb ho }k}o jfbhcjh hkcjh bhkw gvkjhjo# Ghif ho aoychlkwzh wf pyfphyhy phyh xvf cço

dhah fyyo fb wvh hphykîço# Hlëb jflf, vbh fxvkpf zëgckgh zyhihldh phyh xvf kbhnfb,

fcxvhjyhbfczo, zftzo f wob whkhb fb pfymfkzhw gocjkîöfw#

Pfjyo Bhgkfl $8;;6+ hpyfwfczh xvhzyo moybhw jf hpyfwfczhîço jh cozâgkh fb zflf}kwço# H cozh

ho }k}o ë xvhcjo o hpyfwfczhjoy lá vbh cozâgkh wkbplfw, wfb o hvtâlko jf kbhnfcw ov hyzf# Aèh cozh goifyzh ë h cozâgkh wkbplfw gob h }hloykqhîço jh kbhnfb, pojfcjo wfy chyyhjhw fb omm

pflo py÷pyko hpyfwfczhjoy ov poy vb yfp÷yzfy# H zfygfkyh moybh jf hpyfwfczhîço ë o iolfzkb ov

wzhcj"vp ocjf h kcmoybhîço ë wvwzfczhjh pflo yfp÷yzfy# H phyzkgkphîço pojf wfy ho }k}o ov

nyh}hjh f goczhy gob h phyzkgkphîço jf fczyf}kwzhjow ov hpfchw kbhnfcw phyh klvwzyhy h

chyyhîço# H xvhyzh moybh, h yfpoyzhnfb, fcgfyyh ow ovzyow zkpow jf hpyfwfczhîço wfcjo h bhkw

gobplfth f gobplfzh# Powwvk zftzo, kbhnfcw, fczyf}kwzhjow f fc}ol}f h pyfwf

hpyfwfczhjoy#

H kbhnfb ë o mhzoy pykcgkphl jh ftkwzácgkh jhw bhzëykhw ch zflf}kwço f h kcmoybhîço jf}f wfy

gologhjh fb pykbfkyo lvnhy, hmkybhb Ikwzhcf f Ihgfllhy $900=+# Hw mknvyhw wço jfmkckjoyhw

phyh fwwf bfko jf gobvckghîço, bhw ghwo mhlzf hlnvbh klvwzyhîço yfmfyfczf h vb mhzo

kbpoyzhczf ftkwzfb ovzyhw moybhw jf hpyfwfczhîço gobo h cozh wfgh phyh jk}vlnhy o

hgoczfgkjo# H kbhnfb zfb vb phpfl zço kbpoyzhczf xvf bvkzhw }fqfw gfyzhw bhzëykhw cfb

kykhb ho hy ghwo o gkcfnyhmkwzh cço yfnkwzyhwwf vb mlhnyhczf kcvwkzhjo#

87



Gobo ow mlhnyhczfw cço hgoczfgfb jkhykhbfczf, h pyojvîço aoychlâwzkgh ë mvcjhbfczhjh ch

ftkwzácgkh jhw moczfw f ch yflhîço xvf ow aoychlkwzhw pyfgkwhb zfy gob flhw# Ë kbpyfwgkcjâ}fl

xvf o jkwzhcgkhbfczo ftkwzh kcjfpfcjfczf jo hwwvczo zyhzhjo, jo fcmoxvf jh bhzëykh f jf

xvfb wfah o fczyf}kwzhjo#

Afhc"Ahgxvfw Afwpfyw $8;;4+ hmkybh xvf ë oiyknhz÷yko omfyfgfy o bfwbo zyhzhbfczo àw moczfw f

cço jfkthy jf gkzè"lhw chw kcmoybhîöfw oizkjhw, ftgfzo fb ghwow wknklowow# O hvzoy hkcjh

yfwwhlzh xvf ë jf}fy jo aoychlkwzh oizfy kcmoybhîöfw wfb pyopkch f cço moycfgá"lhw hpfchw poy

kczfyfwwf ov poy ifcfmâgkow#

Phyh Afwpfyw $8;;4+, o aoychlkwbo zflf}kwk}o hpyfwfczh vbh nyhcjf }hykfjhjf jf goczfñjo,ghphq jf omfyfgfy bvkzhw kcmoybhîöfw phyh vb pñilkgo hbplo# H pykcgkphl ghyhgzfyâwzkgh phyh

wf pyojvqky pyonyhbhw jkèykow, wfbhchkw, fwpfgkhkw f jf }hykhjow nácfyow gobo polâzkgo,

fgocúbkgo, fwpoyzk}o, gvlzvyhl, hbikfczhl, zhle"wdo~, fczyf ovzyow, ë wfy kbphygkhl# Hpyfwfczhy

h kcmoybhîço wfb jfmfcjfy cfcdvb poczo jf }kwzh ë vbh oiyknhîço jo aoychlkwzh, xvf pojfyè

wfy oiafzk}o wfb zyhcwphyfgfy wvh opkckço chw bhzëykhw, yfwwhlzh Afwpfyw#

Ë cfgfwwèyko zfy gvkjhjow ch fjkîço jf myhwfw f fczyf}kwzhw xvf }ço ho hy# Hw jfglhyhîöfwpojfb f zfb o jkyfkzo jf wfyfb yfjvqkjhw jf}kjo ho povgo zfbpo jf jvyhîço jow pyonyhbhw,

bhw h fthzkjço f o goczfñjo jhw jfglhyhîöfw cço jf}fb wfy hlzfyhjow# Hkcjh gkzhcjo h

kbphygkhlkjhjf gobo ghyhgzfyâwzkgh kcjkwpfcwè}fl, Afwpfyw $8;;4+ hmkybh xvf o pñilkgo pyfgkwh

whify xvhcjo o aoychlkwzh fwzè hpyfwfczhcjo vb gobfczèyko f cço vbh kcmoybhîço# Ow

gobfczèykow pojfb hgoczfgfy jfwjf xvf wfahb kbphygkhkw f docfwzow#

Ikwzhcf f Ihgfllhy $900=+ yfwwhlzhb h kbpoyzécgkh jo zyhzhbfczo jhw goifyzvyhw aoychlâwzkghwfb zflf}kwço# Hw hvzoyhw gykzkghb h powzvyh jow }fâgvlow jk}vlnhyfb bhzëykhw b

wfbfldhczfw, bhw yfwwhlzhb xvf ow gykzëykow phyh h fwgoldh jhw bhzëykhw jf}fb wfy fbihwhjow

co kczvkzo jf kcmoybhy o pñilkgo# Poy kwwo, ow yfp÷yzfyfw pyfgkwhb fwzhy kcmoybhjow woiyf o

xvf fwzè hgoczfgfcjo phyh xvf hw bhzëykhw xvf wfahb goczftzvhlkqhjhw gob h hnklkjhjf f o

fczfcjkbfczo xvf h zflf}kwço ftknf# Ë cfgfwwèyko xvf o yfp÷yzfy zfcdh vbh ihnhnfb gvlzvyhl

nyhcjf f vb gocdfgkbfczo hbplo, pokw ghjh fjkzoykh ftknf vb jkwgvywo fwpfgâmkgo# “U###R hlëb

jh lfkzvyh jkèykh, f oiyknhz÷ykh, jow aoychkw, o yfp÷yzfy jf}f lfy vb povgo jf zvjo ‗ jf ivlh jf

yfbëjko h zfwfw jf jovzoyhjo#‒ $IKWZHCF5 IHGFLLHY, 900=, p#67+

8:



Co ghwo jh fgocobkh, poy ftfbplo, ow aoychlkwzhw pyfgkwhb zyhzhy jf vb hwwvczo xvf cço ë

hnyhjè}fl à bhkoykh jhw pfwwohw, bhw xvf kczfymfyf, pflo bfcow kcjkyfzhbfczf, ch }kjh jf zojo

bvcjo# Cfwwf ghwo, h phyzkgkphîço jf fwpfgkhlkwzhw jow hwwvczow jkwgvzkjow pojf zoychy h

bhzëykh bhkw kczfyfwwhczf# Ow nyèmkgow f zhyahw zhbiëb wço vzklkqhjow pflh pyojvîço phyh xvf o

zflfwpfgzhjoy fczfcjh bfldoy hw pfwxvkwhw f yflhz÷ykow xvf powwvfb bvkzow cñbfyow#

Vzklkqhjh chw co}flhw jf yèjko phyh gobpfcwhy h mhlzh jf kbhnfb, h wocoplhwzkh gobplfzh h

fwzyvzvyh chyyhzk}h ch zflf}kwço, xvf ë vb hphyfldo hvjko}kwvhl# O ihgenyovcj ov o IN gobo

ë gocdfgkjo, ë o wob hbikfczf jhw kbhnfcw nyh}hjhw ov ow fmfkzow ov zyfgdow jf bñwkghw xvf

}hloykqhb h bhzëykh# H kczfcîço ë zyhcwbkzky ho pñilkgo h kcmoybhîço jf moybh bhkw yfhl f/ov

bhkw fbozk}h powwâ}fl, phyh xvf o zflfwpfgzhjoy fczfcjh gob yhpkjfq f cço fwxvfîh zçomhgklbfczf o goczfñjo ftkikjo#

Phyh Ikwzhcf f Ihgfllhy $900=+, zojo aoychlkwbo jf}f wfy gocwkjfyhjo kc}fwzknhzk}o poy ftknky

vbh hpvyhîço# Poyëb, hw yfpoyzhnfcw kc}fwzknhzk}hw wf jkmfyfb pflo zyhzhbfczo gyâzkgo f hw

jfcñcgkhw jf gykbfw, yoviow, jfw}kow, fczyf ovzyow# H kc}fwzknhîço fb wk jfbhcjh phgkácgkh,

zhlfczo f vbh hpvyhîço bkcvgkowh, hlëb jf vb zfbpo bhkoy phyh wvh pyojvîço# O aoychlkwzh

cço pojf f cço jf}f wf hgobojhy gob fwwf nácfyo poy zfy kcmoybhîöfw jf moczfw bvkzhw }fqfwgocwkjfyhjhw gocmkè}fkw $Polâgkh Mfjfyhl, Bkckwzëyko Pñilkgo, Avwzkîh Flfkzoyhl+ f hghihy cço

hpvyhcjo h bhzëykh# Ë kbpoyzhczf zhbiëb zfy gvkjhjo gob ow bfghckwbow lfnhkw phyh wf oizfy

hw kcmoybhîöfw jfwfahjhw, phyh xvf ow }fâgvlow f aoychlkwzhw cço ivylfb ow jf}fyfw avyâjkgow

w÷ phyh hpyfwfczhy vb mvyo jf yfpoyzhnfb#

Gob yfpoyzhnfcw kc}fwzknhzk}hw ov cço, ow }fâgvlow záb o bfwbo oiafzk}o, xvf ë gocxvkwzhy h

hvjkácgkh# Phyh Ikwzhcf f Ihgfllhy $900=+, h zflf}kwço hpyfwfczh hlnvbhw }hczhnfcw fb yflhîçohow jfbhkw }fâgvlow xvf wço hgfwwâ}fkw à bhkoy phyzf jh popvlhîço, pokw o yèjko cço hpyfwfczh

kbhnfcw f o aoychl ftknf xvf }ogá zfcdh gocdfgkbfczow jf phlh}yhw, myhwfw, wfczfcîhw, zftzo,

hlëb jh lfkzvyh phyh o wfv fczfcjkbfczo# H zflf}kwço hlëb jf omfyfgfy h kbhnfb gobo

gobplfbfczo, cço ftknf o jobâcko jh lâcnvh phyh fczfcjfy hw kcmoybhîöfw pvilkghjhw#

Wfnvcjo hw hvzoyhw “U###R zhkw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw zoychb h Z] hgfwwâ}fl how ykgow f how poiyfw, how

gvlzow f how hchlmhifzow#‒ $IKWZHCF5 IHGFLLHY, 900=, p# >4+

Phyh cço fyyhy, ow }fâgvlow záb vzklkqhjo pfwxvkwhw jf opkckço phyh jfzfybkchy o pfymkl f h

xvhczkjhjf jow zflfwpfgzhjoyfw jf ghjh ghchl f pyonyhbh, hlëb jf vbh pfwxvkwh xvhlkzhzk}h

86



gob vb nyvpo jf pfwwohw phyh whify o xvf zfb hnyhjhjo ov cço o pñilkgo hl}o jhxvflh

fbkwwoyh#

Hlnvbhw jhw m÷ybvlhw jf wvgfwwo xvf záb wkjo gopkhjhw, moybvlhjhw f yfkc}fczhjhw pflow

}fâgvlow jf gobvckghîço wço hw yfpoyzhnfcw wfcwhgkochlkwzhw# Zfbhw nyozfwgow f }kolácgkh wço

hpyfwfczhjow ho pñilkgo phyh ghvwhy polábkgh# Pyonyhbhw jf hvjkz÷ykow zhbiëb mhqfb

wvgfwwo gob o pñilkgo poy omfyfgfy vbh bkwzvyh jf fczyfzfckbfczo, momogh, kcmoybhîço,

hpyfwfczhîöfw bvwkghkw f woyzfkow jf iykcjfw#

H kcmoybhîço fb wk cço ë o ñckgo flfbfczo pyogvyhjo pflow zflfwpfgzhjoyfw ch zflf}kwço f

phyh Afwpfyw $8;;4+ ë fwwf o bozk}o jf ow pyonyhbhw jf jk}fywço fwzhyfb ghjh }fq bhkwpyfwfczfw chw fbkwwoyhw# Phyh o hvzoy, o pñilkgo ivwgh vbh bkwzvyh jf jk}fyzkbfczo f

kcmoybhîço, o xvf ftknf vb povgo jf fwpfzègvlo cow pyonyhbhw ftkikjow#

Afwpfyw $8;;4+, hpyfwfczh o kbfjkhzkwbo gobo vbh ghyhgzfyâwzkgh xvf lkbkzh h pyojvîço co

aoychlkwbo zflf}kwk}o# O zfbpo yfjvqkjo f o hgñbvlo jf kcmoybhîço ftknfb xvf h hpvyhîço, h

pyojvîço f h fjkîço wfahb ifb yfhlkqhjow poy vbh fxvkpf zëgckgh gobpfzfczf phyh xvf cço

gdfnvf kcmoybhîöfw goczyhjkz÷ykhw ho pñilkgo#

Phyh Afwpfyw $8;44+, h ivwgh pflh hvjkácgkh jf}fykh wfy }kwzh gobo vb poczo powkzk}o phyh xvf

hw fbkwwoyhw hpyfwfczhwwfb wfbpyf o bfldoy goczfñjo phyh o pñilkgo# Poyëb, o jfwfao jf

omfyfgfy co}kjhjfw o zfbpo zojo hghih jfkthcjo jf lhjo vbh hpvyhîço ifb mfkzh# O mvyo jh

yfpoyzhnfb cço pojf gologhy fb ykwgo h gyfjkiklkjhjf f o pyfwzânko jo

gobvckghîço# H zflf}kwço zyhihldh gob bkldhyfw jf zflfwpfgzhjoyfw ho bfwbo zfbpo f kwwo

fc}ol}f bhkw yfwpocwhiklkjhjf#

9#7 O moybhzo yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh

Pfcwhcjo ch powwkiklkjhjf jf omfyfgfy }hykhjow hwwvczow f co zyhzhbfczo jkmfyfcgkhjo jhw

goifyzvyhw aoychlâwzkghw hw zflf}kwöfw gobfîhyhb h kc}fwzky co moybhzo jf yf}kwzh flfzyúckghw#

Phyh fczfcjfy hw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jf lkcnvhnfb, zftzow f wfnbfczhîço jo pñilkgo jfwwf bfko jf

gobvckghîço ë cfgfwwèyko yfgoyyfy àw jfmkckîöfw jhw yf}kwzhw#

8=



Gykhjh fb bojow pfgvlkhyfw hw yf}kwzhw gobfîhyhb h wfy pvilkghjh fb 8==7# Wfnvcjo Bhyâlkh

Wghlqo $900:+, wf h kczfcîço fyh jk}fyzky f kcmoybhy, o bfko jf gobvckghîço zoycov"wf pfîh

mvcjhbfczhl ch f}olvîço jo aoychlkwbo# Doaf, h yf}kwzh ogvph vb lvnhy jf jfwzhxvf chw

ihcghw jo phâw f wfy}kv jf bojflo phyh h pyojvîço jf pyonyhbhw fb bvkzhw fbkwwoyhw# Gob

zftzow, goczfñjo f pfykojkgkjhjf jkmfyfcgkhjh, o moybhzo yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh zfb ghyhgzfyâwzkghw

fwpfgâmkghw phyh hnyhjhy o pñilkgo#

H cozâgkh kbpyfwwh ë wkcúckbo jf kcmoybhîço bhkw }fyjhjfkyh, hmkybh Wghlqo $900:+# Ë

hzyh}ëw jhw yf}kwzhw xvf o lfkzoy ivwgh kcmoybhîöfw bhkw jfzhldhjhw f hpyomvcjhjhw jhw

dkwz÷ykhw aè }kwzhw ch zflf}kwço f ov}kjhw co yèjko#

Wghlqo $900:+ ftplkgh xvf hw pykbfkyhw yf}kwzhw xvf gobfîhyhb h wfy pvilkghjhw, fb 8==7,

phyfgkhb"wf bvkzo gob lk}yow f w÷ wf jkmfyfcgkh}hb poy zfyfb hyzknow woiyf zfolonkh, hlëb jf

jkwpoy jf zfbhw gob jkyfgkochbfczow woiyf fjvghîço f fczyfzfckbfczo jo pñilkgo# Gob o

phwwhy jo zfbpo, cozâgkhw gvyzhw f pofwkhw moyhb hgyfwgfczhjhw gobo goczfñjo f wf zoychyhb

kcnyfjkfczfw kcjkwpfcwè}fkw fb zojhw hw pvilkghîöfw#

Phyh Wghlqo $900:+, hw yf}kwzhw záb vb mhzoy mh}oyè}fl xvf ë o zfbpo phyh h pyojvîço jhwbhzëykhw, xvf powwkiklkzh xvf o goczfñjo kcmoybhjo wfah bhkw zyhihldhjo# F ë fwwf zkpo jf

kcmoybhîço xvf o pñilkgo xvfy# Wghlqo hpyfwfczh o yfwvlzhjo jf vbh pfwxvkwh yfhlkqhjh pflh

Oclkcf Cf~w Hwwogkhzkoc, cow Fwzhjow Vckjow fb 9007, ch xvhl o pñilkgo yfwpocjkh o xvf fyh

bhkw kbpoyzhczf zfy chw bhzëykhw }fkgvlhjhw# H kcmoybhîço goyyfzh f ifb hpvyhjh mkgov fb

pykbfkyo lvnhy, wfnvkjh jf moczfw gocmkè}fkw, docfwzkjhjf, gobplfzvjf, fthzkjço f co}kjhjf

$cozâgkh xvfczf+# Phyh h hvzoyh h pfwxvkwh ë o yfmlfto jo xvf ow aoychlkwzhw pyfgkwhb wf

pyfogvphy gob jk}vlnhîço jf yfpoyzhnfcw }fyjhjfkyhw f cço hpfchw kbfjkhzhw#

Jf}kjo à pfykojkgkjhjf jf pvilkghîço wfbhchl, f hzë bfwbo xvkcqfchl, hw yf}kwzhw pyfgkwhb

zfy bvkzo gvkjhjo ch pyojvîço jhw phvzhw# “H pfykojkgkjhjf bhkw flèwzkgh ftknf xvf o

aoychlkwzh fcgoczyf co}ow fcmoxvfw phyh ow hwwvczow jf xvf }hk zyhzhy, ivwghcjo wfbpyf vbh

bhcfkyh oyknkchl jf hioyjè"lo#‒ $WGHLQO, 900: p#=6+# Gobo h bhkoykh jow mhzow zfyço

yfgfikjow jk}fywow zyhzhbfczow pflh kbpyfcwh jvyhczf h wfbhch, ghif à yf}kwzh kczfypyfzhy,

hchlkwhy f gobplfbfczhy o fpkw÷jko jf vb écnvlo hkcjh cço jkwgvzkjo# Phyh Wghlqo, h

jk}fywkmkghîço jhw phvzhw ë bvkzo kbpoyzhczf, pokw wço fwwhw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw xvf zoychb hw

8>



yf}kwzhw pfgvlkhyfw# Ë cfgfwwèyko xvf o }fâgvlo zyhzf jf hwwvczow jkmfyfczfw jf hgoyjo gob wvh

pfykojkgkjhjf phyh cço jfwhnyhjhy o pñilkgo#

Wfynko ]klhw Iohw $8;;=+ hpyfwfczh o jobkcno gobo o “jkh omkgkhl‒ jow }fâgvlow jf

gobvckghîço jf bhwwh omfyfgfyfb zyhzhbfczo jkmfyfcgkhjo à kcmoybhîço# Hlëb jf h bhkoykh

jhw yf}kwzhw wfyfb }fkgvlhjhw how jobkcnow, o hvzoy hgyfwgfczh xvf ow py÷pykow aoychkw

hvbfczhb hw fjkzoykhw jf wfvw ghjfycow how jobkcnow, gob o kczvkzo jf omfyfgfy bhkw

kcmoybhîöfw how lfkzoyfw# Poy fcgfyyhy h wfbhch, o hvzoy hmkybh xvf o jobkcno ë fwgoldkjo

gobo o jkh phyh h pvilkghîço jhw yf}kwzhw phyh yflhzhy jf moybh bhkw jfwgykzk}h zvjo o xvf

ogoyyfv jf kbpoyzhczf jvyhczf h wfbhch# Woiyf hw yf}kwzhw flfzyúckghw, pojf"wf jfjvqky xvf h

ftkikîço jow pyonyhbhw how jobkcnow pojf wfy hwwfbfldhjh ho bfwbo mhzo jf omfyfgfy howzflfwpfgzhjoyfw hw bhzëykhw bhkw yflf}hczfw jh wfbhch#

]klhw Iohw $8;;=+ hmkybh xvf ë ch yf}kwzh xvf o pñilkgo ivwgh pyffcgdfy hw kcmoybhîöfw

jfkthjhw phyh zyèw co jkchbkwbo f ch }flogkjhjf jo zflfaoychlkwbo# O hvzoy yfwwhlzh vb

jkmfyfcgkhl kbpoyzhczf xvf ë h jfwfc}olzvyh gob h xvhl h yf}kwzh zyhihldh ow hwwvczow,

jkmfyfczfbfczf jow aoychkw jkèykow xvf pyfgkwhb jhy pyfmfyácgkhw h zfbhw gozkjkhcow# Poyzhczo,

o zftzo jf}f hzkcnky wfv pñilkgo zhczo fb wfv kczfyfwwf fb wf kcmoybhy xvhczo fb wf jk}fyzky#Ghif ho aoychlkwzh zoychy o zftzo bhkw kcmoybhzk}o, jfwgykzk}o f pyhqfyowo# Jf}kjo h wvh

pfykojkgkjhjf, hw yf}kwzhw flfzyúckghw powwvfb bhkw zfbpo xvf ow jfbhkw pyonyhbhw phyh

pyojvqky hw kcmoybhîöfw, poy kwwo, ë kbpoyzhczf h fwgoldh jf zfbhw jk}fywkmkghjow f jf vb

jkwgvywo gykzfykowo#

Xvhczo à wfnbfczhîço jhw yf}kwzhw, Wghlqo $900:+ hgyfjkzh xvf o pñilkgo gy

kjfczkmkghîço gob o }fâgvlo poy fwzf zyhzhy ow hwwvczow jf moybh jkmfyfczf jow jfbhkw# Phyh hhvzoyh, o zyhzhbfczo jkmfyfcgkhjo chw kcmoybhîöfw gozkjkhchw mhq gob xvf o pñilkgo ivwxvf

chw yf}kwzhw, hlëb jf ovzyhw kczfypyfzhîöfw, o fczyfzfckbfczo xvf cço ë powwâ}fl fcgoczyhy cow

aoychkw# H yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh zhbiëb zfb fwwh lkifyjhjf, poy cço pyfgkw

oiyknhzoykhbfczf bhzëykhw jf zojhw hw fjkzoykhw# H kczfcîço ë bhczfy o pñilkgo kcmoybhjo

woiyf zvjo o xvf hgoczfgfv jf bhkw kbpoyzhczf ch wfbhch, bhw o fwphîo jfwzkchjo h ghjh

bhzëykh pojfyè wfy jfmkckjo, poy ftfbplo, jf hgoyjo gob o wfv nyhv jf yflf}écgkh f gob o

cñbfyo jf moczfw fczyf}kwzhjhw#

84



Phyh ]klhw Iohw $8;;=+, hw nâykhw, cfolonkwbow f h lkcnvhnfb goloxvkhl pojfb, wkb, mhqfy

phyzf jh lkcnvhnfb aoychlâwzkgh jf yf}kwzh, jfwjf xvf, h phlh}yh wfah cfgfwwèykh phyh gocwzyvîço

jhxvflh cozâgkh# O aoychlkwbo jf yf}kwzh hgfkzh gobphyhîöfw, hchlonkhw, fcvbfyhîöfw f h

jfwgykîço bkcvgkowh jf jfzhldfw# Poyëb, ë kbpoyzhczf zfy gvkjhjo gob o ftgfwwo jf

kcmoybhîöfw, xvf pojf jfkthy o lfkzoy gocmvwo f hzë bfwbo jfwkczfyfwwhjo# ]klh Iohw yfwwhlzh

xvf hw mknvyhw jf lkcnvhnfb wço bvkzo vzklkqhjhw chw yf}kwzhw f o yfgvywo ë ifb hgfkzo pflo

pñilkgo, xvhcjo vzklkqhjo gob bojfyhîço, hlëb jh kbpoyzécgkh ch ykxvfqh jow jfzhldfw f h

gofyácgkh ch lkcnvhnfb#

Jf hgoyjo gob Jobkcnow Phwgdohl Gfnhllh $900:+, hw mknvyhw jf lkcnvhnfb, ov mknvyhw jf

fwzklo wço vzklkqhjhw co zftzo gobo yfgvywow fwpfgkhkw phyh zoychy hw phlh}yhw f o wfczkjo jhmyhwf bhkw ftpyfwwk}ow, kczfcwow f iflow# Gfnhllh hpyfwfczh zyáw zkpow jf glhwwkmkghîço1 mknvyhw

jf lkcnvhnfb $ov zyopow+, mknvyhw jf gocwzyvîço $ov wkczhtf+ f mknvyhw jf pfcwhbfczo# H

pykbfkyh gobpyffcjf gobo mknvyh jf lkcnvhnfb hw bfzèmoyhw, xvf wço phlh}yhw xvf jfw}khb o

wknckmkghjo jo py÷pyko zftzo gob h kczfcîço jf gobpyhy jokw wfyfw ov mhzo wfb h vzklkqhîço jf

cftow gobphyhzk}ow $gobo, zhl, xvhl+, h bfzocâbkh xvf gocwkwzf ch zyogh jf phlh}yhw poy

ovzyhw gob h xvhl wf hgdh yflhgkochjh $cfwwf ghwo, ftkwzfb hw zyoghw jo fmfkzo pflh ghvwh,

hvzoy pflh oiyh, wkchl pflh gokwh wknckmkghjh, lvnhy pflow dhikzhczfw, h phyzf pflo zojo, h fwpëgkfov h glhwwf pflo kcjk}âjvo f h bhzëykh pflo oiafzo+, h pfyâmyhwf xvf ë vbh ftpyfwwço phyh

jfwknchy ow wfyfw jf hgoyjo gob wfvw hzykivzow ov mhzo f h wkcfwzfwkh xvf zyhcwmfyf hw

pfygfpîöfw wfcwoykhkw jf vb wfczkjo phyh o ovzyo#

Hw mknvyhw jf gocwzyvîço gobpyffcjfb gobo mknvyhw jf lkcnvhnfb h flkpwf, xvf fbkzf

hlnvbhw phlh}yhw jf vb zfybo ov oyhîço, wfb hlzfyhy o wfczkjo jo bfwbo, o plfochwbo xvf

gocwkwzf co fbpyfno jf phlh}yhw yfjvcjhczfw, o polkwwâcjfzo xvf ë h vzklkqhîço yfpfzkzk}h

kczfcgkochl jf hlnvcw gocfgzk}ow jh myhwf, h kc}fywço, xvf hlzfyh h oyjfb coybhl jow zfybow h

mkb jf jfwzhgè"low, h ocobhzopëkh xvf gocwkwzf chw phlh}yhw xvf ftpyfwwhb wocw f }oq jow

wfyfw f h yfpfzkîço xvf wço hw phlh}yhw yfpfzkjhw ch myhwf phyh fcmhzkqhy f/ov kczfcwkmkghy hlnvb

goczftzo#

Aè hw mknvyhw jf pfcwhbfczo kcglvfb hw wfnvkczfw mknvyhw jf lkcnvhnfb1 hczâzfwf, xvf ë h

hpyotkbhîço jf phlh}yhw jf wfczkjow opowzow ch bfwbh myhwf, fvmfbkwbo xvf ë h wvh}kqhîço

jf zfybow jfwhnyhjè}fkw poy bhkw polkjow, dkpëyiolf xvf wço hw phlh}yhw xvf jfwzhghb

fthnfyo, kyockh xvf wço hw phlh}yhw jkzhw gob h fczochîço ov goczftzo goczyèyko gob kczfcîço

8;



whygèwzkgh, pfywockmkghîço xvf ë jhy wfczkjo ov ghyhgzfyâwzkghw how wfyfw kyyhgkochkw ov kcfyzfw,

yfzkgácgkh xvf wvwpfcjf o pfcwhbfczo jvyhczf h oyhîço f yfzkmkghîço xvf gocwkwzf ch

vzklkqhîço jf zfybow phyh yfzkmkghy phlh}yhw jkzhw hczfykoybfczf#

Hlëb jhw mknvyhw jf lkcnvhnfb, o fcghjfhbfczo jhw kjfkhw ë mvcjhbfczhl phyh gocxvkwzhy h

hzfcîço jo pñilkgo# Wghlqo $900:+ hmkybh xvf ë kbpoyzhczf gocwzyvky vb iob zftzo phyh xvf o

lfkzoy cço hihcjocf h bhzëykh# Xvhczo bhkw jfzhldfw f ykxvfqh jf kcmoybhîöfw o zftzo

hpyfwfczhy o lfkzoy mkghyè bhkw fcghczhcjo#

Goyfw, gdfkyow f jfwgykîöfw ghifb co zftzo jf yf}kwzh# Hpyfwfczhy ow pfywochnfcw,dvbhckqhy hw dkwz÷ykhw, jhy o bètkbo jf jfzhldfw woiyf flhw, zhbiëb# Hpyfcjfy

zëgckghw jf gocwzyvîço jf pfywochnfcw, zëgckghw chyyhzk}hw f jfwgykzk}hw ë mvcjhbfczhlphyh xvfb xvfy fwgyf}fy nyhcjfw yfpoyzhnfcw# $WGHLQO, 900:, p#>>+

Phyh ]klhw Iohw $8;;=+, vbh jhw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw xvf jkmfyfcgkhb h lfkzvyh jf vbh yf}kwzh ë h

yvpzvyh jh “oiyknhzoykfjhjf‒ jf wf lfy vbh cozâgkh, gobo hgoczfgf cow }fâgvlow jkèykow# Zhl

gocjkîço pfybkzf xvf h lfkzvyh wf zoycf bhkw hnyhjè}fl f jfwfbpfcdf vb phpfl jf

fczyfzfckbfczo# Xvhczo à hcnvlhîço, o hvzoy zhbiëb hmkybh xvf ë cfgfwwèyko pfcwhy fb vbh

bhcfkyh pflh xvhl h kcmoybhîço pfybhcfîh kczfyfwwhczf phyh o lfkzoy, kcjfpfcjfczf jo zfbpo

jf wvh }fkgvlhîço# “Ë pyfgkwo fwgoldfy ow hwwvczow xvf, poy wvh pfybhcácgkh co cozkgkèyko ovkbpoyzécgkh dkwz÷ykgh, cço pfyjfyço hzvhlkjhjf hzë xvf h yf}kwzh gdfnvf àw ihcghw ov àw bçow

jf wfvw hwwkchczfw#‒ $]KLH IOHW, 8;;=, p# >4+# Ch zflf}kwço pojf"wf pfygfify xvf zhbiëb ë

powwâ}fl yobpfy h oiyknhzoykfjhjf jf hwwkwzky how pyonyhbhw# O goczfñjo jhw yf}kwzhw

flfzyúckghw pojf wfy }kwzo hzyh}ëw jhw yfpykwfw ov ch kczfycfz, pokw hzvhlbfczf ow }fâgvlow

powwvfb }fywöfw oclkcf gobplfzhw jow pyonyhbhw ftkikjow#

Phyh nhyhczky h hzyhzk}kjhjf jo zftzo, ]klhw Iohw $8;;=+ hlfnh xvf ë vbh hifyzvyh fc}ol}fczf

xvf gocxvkwzh h hzfcîço jo lfkzoy# Ghif ho aoychlkwzh pyojvqky vb lfhj kczfyfwwhczf f

gdhbhzk}o# Phyh o hvzoy, h hifyzvyh pojf wfy jfwgykzk}h, zfy vbh jfglhyhîço, gkzhîço, ov hzë

bfwbo myhwfw glkgdáw f zyoghjkldow# Ho locno jh bhzëykh, ë kbpoyzhczf xvf ow pfywochnfcw

wfahb gocwzyvâjow gob jfzhldfw phyh xvf flfw wf zoycfb yfhkw phyh o lfkzoy, jf moybh h

mkchlkqhy h bhzëykh gob vb goczfñjo oyknkchl f hzyhzk}o, hwwkb gobo o lfhj# Chw yf}kwzhw

flfzyúckghw wço hw gdhbhjhw f hifyzvyhw jhw bhzëykhw xvf yfhlkqhb fwwh mvcîço, pokw flhw

pojfb nhyhczky o kczfyfwwf jo zflfwpfgzhjoy pflh pyonyhbhîço#

90



]klhw Iohw $8;;=+ nhyhczf xvf o fwzklo ë mvcjhbfczhl phyh o zftzo jf yf}kwzh jfwjf xvf flf

fwzfah }kcgvlhjo à oiafzk}kjhjf f à chyyhzk}h lkzfyèykh# Fwwhw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw powwkiklkzhb ho

aoychlkwzh bhkoy lkifyjhjf, o xvf cço ë pfybkzkjo cow }fâgvlow jkèykow jf}kjo à }flogkjhjf jhw

kcmoybhîöfw# H chyyhzk}h lkzfyèykh ë ghyhgzfyâwzkgh bhyghczf, phyh ]klhw Iohw, pokw hw

yfpoyzhnfcw, pykcgkphlbfczf h chyyhzk}h, jfbhcjhb vb zftzo gob fmfkzo, kbhnkchîço f iflfqh,

bhw wfb fthnfyow# ]klhw Iohw yflhzh xvf ow }fwzânkow lkzfyèykow co zftzo aoychlâwzkgo wço

jfyk}hjow jf vb bo}kbfczo jh jëghjh jf 8;=0, kckgkhjo cow Fwzhjow Vckjow, jfcobkchjo

Cf~ Aovychlkwb xvf mfq gob ow aoychlkwzhw hjfykwwfb bhkw fboîço ho kczflfgzvhlkwbo jow

zftzow# Wfnvcjo o hvzoy, “U###R cço ë vbh goczyhjkîço hmkybhy xvf o aoychlkwbo ë vb nácfyo

lkzfyèyko#‒ $]KLHW IOHW, 8;;=, p# =7+

Phyh Wghlqo $900:+, o zftzo jh yf}kwzh wf hpyfwfczh jf moybh bhkw lf}f, wkbplfw f jf mègkl

fczfcjkbfczo# Poyëb, h hvzoyh hmkybh xvf cço wf pojf gocmvcjky fwzklo gob opkckço,

ghyhgzfyâwzkgh xvf cço jf}f fwzhy pyfwfczf cow zftzow# H hvzoyh hmkybh xvf ow avâqow jf }hloyfw

f opkcköfw wço lk}yfw phyh xvhlxvfy pyomkwwkochl, bhw kwwo cço nhyhczf h xvhlkjhjf f h

}fyhgkjhjf jo zftzo aoychlâwzkgo# Hlëb jkwwo, h hvzoyh nhyhczf xvf o pñilkgo ftknf xvf o zftzo

jh yf}kwzh wfah jkmfyfczf jow ovzyow }fâgvlow# Phyh Wghlqo h kcmoybhîço jf}f wfy pyfgkwh, glhyh,

oiafzk}h, bhw cço pojf wfy wfgh, kbpfwwohl# “Fb yf}kwzh, o iob zftzo ë o xvf jfkth o lfkzoy mflkq, hlëb jf wvpyky wvhw cfgfwwkjhjfw jf kcmoybhîço, gvlzvyh f fczyfzfckbfczo#‒ $WGHLQO,

900:, p#:7+# O pñilkgo jh yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh gykh vbh kjfczkmkghîço gob h fbkwwoyh fwgoldkjh f

hzë bfwbo ow pyomkwwkochkw xvf cflh zyhihldhb#

Jkmfyfczf jf Wghlqo $900:+, ]klhw Iohw $900:+ hmkybh xvf o }fâgvlo pojf opkchy cow zftzow

pvilkghjow5 bfwbo xvf jf moybh kbplâgkzh h ftpoy xvhl o jkyfgkochbfczo f o powkgkochbfczo

jh yf}kwzh jkhczf jhxvflf mhzo#

Ho jkwpoy jf vb zfbpo bhkoy phyh kcmoybhy, hchlkwhy f kczfypyfzhy o mhzo, h yf}kwzhwfbhchl jf kcmoybhîöfw cço ivwgh ftzyfbow jf kbphygkhlkjhjf# Hlëb jo bhkw, hkbphygkhlkjhjf ë vb bkzo jh kbpyfcwh jkèykh# Vb bfwbo zftzo pojf goczfy kcmoybhîço, hcèlkwf, kczfypyfzhîço f poczo jf }kwzh# Ovzyh ghyhgzfyâwzkgh jh yf}kwzhwfbhchl jf kcmoybhîöfw ë hwwvbky bhkw jfglhyhjhbfczf o phpfl jf moybhjoyh jfopkckço# O zftzo ë jfgoyyácgkh jkwwo# $]KLHW IOHW, 8;;=, p#7:+

Wghlqo $900:+ zhbiëb jkwgoyyf woiyf h kbpoyzécgkh xvf h ghph zfb phyh vbh yf}kwzh f o

xvhczo o goczfñjo jfwzhghjo ch pykbfkyh pènkch kcmlvfcgkh o lfkzoy# Ë hzyh}ëw jh kbhnfb xvfo pñilkgo wf pyfcjf à kcmoybhîço, poy kwwo, flh jf}f hgyfwgfczhy ho goczfñjo pvilkghjo ch

98



bhzëykh# O jfwknc jh yf}kwzh zhbiëb zoych h lfkzvyh bhkw hnyhjè}fl, pokw zhczo h yf}kwzh xvhczo

h yfpoyzhnfb mkghb bhkw hzyhzk}hw f bhkw mègfkw jf lfy jf}kjo ho pyoafzo nyèmkgo# H kcmonyhmkh

ë ovzyo flfbfczo kbpoyzhczf f cfgfwwèyko phyh h yf}kwzh “U###R ë vbh bhcfkyh jf moycfgfy

kcmoybhîço, vzklkqhcjo vb gocavczo jf nyèmkgow, zhiflhw, jfwfcdow, mozow, lf

klvwzyhîöfw, bhphw, bhxvfzfw‒ $WGHLQO, 900:, p#>:+# O fxvk}hlfczf h ghph, co ghwo jh

yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh, ë h hifyzvyh jow pyonyhbhw# Pfygfif"wf xvf hw bhcgdfzfw f fwghlhjhw

hpyfwfczhjhw gvbpyfb h mvcîço jh ghph jf vbh yf}kwzh, pokw wfyè h pykbfkyh }kwço xvf o

zflfwpfgzhjoy zfyè jo xvf }hk hgoczfgfy f kwwo pojfyè kcmlvfcgkhy ch wvh fwgoldh ov cço pflo

pyonyhbh#

]klhw Iohw $8;;=+ mkchlkqh hw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jh yf}kwzh gobo vb }fâgvlo gykhzk}o f xvfhgobphcdh o h}hcîo jh zfgcolonkh phyh wf zoychy bhkw jkcébkgo f kbfjkhzo# Hlëb jo

goczfñjo, o zftzo ë vbh pfîh"gdh}f phyh jhy xvhlkjhjf h kcmoybhîço, xvf ftknf gykzëykow jf

vbh flhioyhîço jkmfyfcgkhjh#

O aoychlkwbo jf yf}kwzh kbpyfwwh wf hplkgh à flfzyúckgh fb pyojvîço f jk}vlnhîço# Ow

pyonyhbhw powwvfb bhkw zfbpo phyh zyhihldhy hw bhzëykhw, o xvf hw zoych gob bhkw jfzhldfw f

kcmoybhîöfw jkmfyfczfw jo xvf mok hpyfwfczhjo poy ovzyow bfkow jf gobvckghîço jvyhczf hwfbhch# Ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jo aoychlkwbo lkzfyèyko gobo hpyfwfczhjo poy Wghlqo $900:+ pfybkzfb

xvf h yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh zfcdh lkifyjhjf chw mhlhw hwwkb gobo h kbpyfwwh zfb fb wfvw zftzow#

99



7 MVZFIOL1 O BVCJO FB XVHZYO LKCDHW

7#8 O phâw jo mvzfiol f o fwpoyzf gobo mfcúbfco wogkhl

Gocdfgkjo gobo o fwpoyzf bhkw popvlhy jo bvcjo, o mvzfiol zhbiëb pojf wfy gocwkjfyhjo

gobo vb jow bhkw hczknow# Hykoihljo Mykwwfllk f Bhygflo Bhczo}hck $8;;;+ hmkybhb xvf

ftkwzfb yflhzow fb hlnvcw phâwfw xvf gobpyo}hb h ftkwzácgkh jf aonow dè bhkw 8#600 hcow#

Jfwjf wvh gykhîço o mvzfiol mok wf zoychcjo coz÷yko f doaf ogvph h }kjh jf zoygfjoyfw,

aoychlkwzhw, zflfwpfgzhjoyfw f hbhczfw jo fwpoyzf# Zhczh kjfczkmkghîço gob o mvzfiol ë }kwzh

gobo vb mfcúbfco wogkhl xvf goczykivk phyh gvlzvyh, wogkhlkqhîço f }kwkiklkjhjf jo Iyhwkl#

H kcwfyîço jo mvzfiol co bvcjo ë jkwgvzkjh poy Mykwwfllk f Bhczo}hck $8;;;+ jfwjf o kcâgko jo

dobfb co plhcfzh# Ow hvzoyfw gologhb fb xvfwzço h ftkwzácgkh jh pyèzkgh jf aonow gob iolh

cow pëw hkcjh ch pyë"dkwz÷ykh, hocjf pfjhîow jf nyhckzow, myvzhw f hzë gyéckow dvbhcow fyhb

vwhjow jf moybh pykbkzk}h phyh h yfhlkqhîço jf aonow# Fwwh zëgckgh vzklkqhjh hkcjh ch pyë"

dkwz÷ykh ë }kwzh gobo h bhkw hczknh yfpyfwfczhîço mvzfiolâwzkgh jo bvcjo#

Ahpço f Nyëgkh zhbiëb powwvfb yfnkwzyow jh ftkwzácgkh jo fwpoyzf dè bhkw jf 8#600 hcowhczfw jf Gykwzo# Yflhzow jf fwgykzoyfw jh ëpogh jfkthb glhyo xvf vb zkpo jf aono gob iolh f

gob h phyzkgkphîço jf aonhjoyfw aè fyh yfhlkqhjo cfwwfw phâwfw# Wfnvcjo Mykwwfllk f Bhczo}hck

$8;;;+, ow pykbfkyow kcjâgkow bhkw pyfgkwow jo mvzfiol wvynkyhb fb 869;, fb Mloyfcîh, ch

Kzèlkh, xvhcjo jokw nyvpow jf 9> aonhjoyfw jfgkjkyhb yfwol}fy pyoilfbhw polâzkgow fb vb vbh

phyzkjh jf gèlgko# Jkwpvzhjo co Pkhqqh Whczh Gyogf, o aono fc}ol}fv vbh iolh co lvnhy jf

hybhw, poyëb gob bvkzhw doyhw jf aono f }kolácgkh# Fwwh pyèzkgh aè fyh yfhlkqhjh ch Kzèlkh

jfwjf h bfzhjf jo wëgvlo TK], fb ghbpow jf 87> t 60 bfzyow gob jokw powzfw jf ghjh lhjo,wfbfldhczfw how nolw f pyhzkghjo fb golfzk}o#

Bvcjkhlbfczf, o mvzfiol gobo fwpoyzf jfmkckjo fb yfnyhw f pyèzkgh, zf}f wvh oyknfb ch

Kcnlhzfyyh, fb 846>, gob h mvcjhîço jo pykbfkyo glvif jh dkwz÷ykh1 Wdfmmkflj # Fb wfnvkjh,

}èykhw ovzyhw hnyfbkhîöfw wvynkyhb f gob h cfgfwwkjhjf jf wf zfy bhkw oynhckqhîço cow

ghbpfochzow h “Zdf Wkbplfwz Plh{‒ mok kchvnvyhjh fb 84=9 gobo o ÷ynço yfwpocwè}fl pflow

zoycfkow# Co hco wfnvkczf mok yfhlkqhjh vbh yfvckço dkwz÷ykgh fczyf ow yfpyfwfczhczfw jf

fwgolhw f glvifw jo phâw, ch xvhl moyhb jfmkckjhw hw yfnyhw f jk}kwço fczyf o mvzfiol f o yñnik

97



$aono wfbfldhczf ho mvzfiol, bhw yfhlkqhjo gob hw bçow+, moybhcjo h Zdf Moozihll

Hwwogkhzkoc, cobf bhczkjo hzë doaf pflh lknh kcnlfwh#

O Iyhwkl zhbiëb powwvk }èykhw }fywöfw jh kcwfyîço jo mvzfiol co phâw# Jf hgoyjo gob

Mykwwfllk f Bhczo}hck $8;;;+ ftkwzfb yfnkwzyow xvf o fwpoyzf mok kczyojvqkjo poy bhykcdfkyow

kcnlfwfw f/ov dolhcjfwfw, poy phjyfw afwvâzhw zyhqkjow jh Fvyoph f kcnlfwfw yhjkghjow co

Iyhwkl# H bhkw goc}kcgfczf ë h hzykivâjh ho phvlkwzh Gdhylfw Bkllfy, fb 84;:# Bkllfy zyovtf ch

}olzh jf vbh }khnfb à Kcnlhzfyyh, hlëb jo gocdfgkbfczo zëgckgo f yfnyhw, jvhw iolhw f

yfhlkqov hw pykbfkyhw phyzkjhw co phâw#

Yoifyzo Yhbow $8;4:+, hwwkb gobo Mykwwfllk f Bhczo}hck $8;;;+, zhbiëb gyfjkzh h Bkllfy h}fywço bhkw goc}kcgfczf jo kcâgko jo mvzfiol iyhwklfkyo f hkcjh hgyfwgfczh xvf o pykbfkyo aono

yfhlkqhjo co phâw hgoczfgfv co jkh 8; jf avldo jf 8;00, co Yko Nyhcjf jo Wvl# O Fwpoyzf

Glvif Yko Nyhcjf fbphzov fb 9 h 9 gob h zykpvlhîço jo ch}ko kcnláw Ckbpdf#

Yhbow $8;4:+ yfwwhlzh xvf o fwpoyzf ë yfwpocwè}fl poy bo}kbfczhy hboy, lhqfy, hlfnykh,

zykwzfqh, phq f }kolácgkh cow fcgoczyow jhw zoygkjhw chw phyzkjhw yfhlkqhjhw co Iyhwkl# Phyh o

hvzoy, o mvzfiol cço pojf jfkthy jf wfy }kcgvlhjo ho wfczkbfczo, vbh }fq xvf flf yfpyfwfczhvbh jhw nyhcjfw phktöfw jo iyhwklfkyo#

Mykwwfllk f Bhczo}hck $8;;;+ hpyfwfczhb }hykhw yhqöfw phyh fwwh phktço jow zoygfjoyfw,

aonhjoyfw, aoychlkwzhw f zflfwpfgzhjoyfw# H bhkw kbpoyzhczf jflhw ë o mègkl hgfwwo à bojhlkjhjf

wfb h cfgfwwkjhjf jf nyhcjfw kc}fwzkbfczow# Xvhlxvfy pfwwoh pyfgkwh vckghbfczf jf vbh

iolh jf xvhlxvfy zhbhcdo, bhzfykhl ov pfwo phyh jhy kcâgko h vbh phyzkjh# O ghbpo, vckmoybf

f fwzyvzvyhw zëgckghw wço kbpyo}kwhjow xvhcjo cço wf zfb fwwhw gobojkjhjfw# Hlëb jf wfy vbh hzk}kjhjf mâwkgh xvf ftknf h phyzkgkphîço jo golfzk}o, o mvzfiol zhbiëb powwkiklkzh hîöfw

kcjk}kjvhkw jfczyo jf vb nyvpo#

Phyh Hczocko Myhcgo Fwzhjfllh $8;40+, o mvzfiol }hk hlëb jf vbh phktço f zfb vb phpfl

kjfol÷nkgo co Iyhwkl poy pyojvqky yflhîöfw fczyf ow hjfpzow jo fwpoyzf# Phyh o hvzoy, h

bojhlkjhjf gocwfnvf ftfygfy h mvcîço jf cfnhy jkmfyfcîhw fczyf ow zoygfjoyfw jfczyo jow

fwzèjkow, poy ghvwh jo hbikfczf wfb dkfyhyxvkhw#

9:



U###R fcxvhczo o zfhzyo f o gkcfbh wço fwpfzègvlow xvf zfcjfb h kwolhy o fwpfgzhjoy mhgf h vbh dkwz÷ykh ov vb pyoilfbh, o fwpfzègvlo fwpoyzk}o o gologh fb âczkbogoczhzo gob ow xvf wf hgdhb py÷tkbow# H hmkybhîço ë }èlkjh zhczo phyh ow fwzèjkowgobo phyh yfzyhcwbkwwöfw xvf wço hgobphcdhjhw golfzk}hbfczf# H fboîço gyfwgf fbkczfcwkjhjf pyopoygkochlbfczf ho cñbfyo jow pyfwfczfw# O fwpoyzf hzkcnf vb nyhv zço

hlzo jf kjfczkmkghîço fczyf ow xvf pyhzkghb f ow xvf oiwfy}hb xvf hw bhwwhw nykzhbwvh hlfnykh, ftpykbfb wvh zykwzfqh, wvwpkyhb, hwwvwzhb"wf f wklfcgkhb gob zhlvchckbkjhjf xvf phyfgfb gocjvqkjhw poy vb bhfwzyo# Cfwwf wfczkjo, oiwfy}hy hzfczhbfczf o fwpfzègvlo jow py÷pykow fwpfgzhjoyfw jf vbh phyzkjh jf mvzfiol ë vbhftpfykácgkh mhwgkchczf# $FWZHJFLLH, 8;40, p# 46+#

Yoifyzo JhBhzzh $900=+ zhbiëb hgyfjkzh xvf o mvzfiol ë ghphq jf pyopoygkochy knvhljhjf

how dobfcw f bvldfyfw co phpfl jf aonhjoyfw f jf zoygfjoyfw# Wfnvcjo o hvzoy, fwwh xvfwzço

hkcjh ë jkmâgkl jf wfy zozhlbfczf hgfkzh, pokw ftkwzfb hczknow phjyöfw f fzkxvfzhw xvf

fwzhiflfgfb xvf o gobpoyzhbfczo jow dobfcw f bvldfyfw, ykgow f poiyfw, ao}fcw f }fldow,cfnyow f iyhcgow, cço jf}fb wfy knvhkw# Poy kwwo, o fwpoyzf zfb vb phpfl zço kbpoyzhczf, pokw

gocwfnvf yobpfy fwwfw fwzfyf÷zkpow#

JhBhzzh $900=+ yfwwhlzh xvf h phktço pflo fwpoyzf pojf wfy yflhgkochjh gob wvh pyèzkgh pflow

pëw# Jkmfyfczf jf ovzyhw bojhlkjhjfw gobo o }úlfk, ihwxvfzf f hzë o yñnik, o vwo ftglvwk}o jo

pë phyh o goczyolf jh iolh zoych o fwpoyzf hkcjh bhkw knvhlkzèyko, pokw hcvlh xvhlxvfy jkmfyfcîh

ch hlzvyh, pfwo, f gobpowkîço mâwkgh, jkmfyfczf jow jfbhkw fwpoyzfw xvf ftknfb zhkw

ghyhgzfyâwzkghw# Hw ftpyfwwöfw “mvzfiol iyhwklfkyo‒ f “aono jf gkczvyh‒ jkmfyfcgkhb o fwzklo jo

phâw jf aonhy, pokw ow aonhjoyfw wço }kwzow gobo bhkw dhiklkjowow poy vzklkqhyfb chw phyzkjhw

bvkzo bhkw hw aonhjhw gob pëw, jkmfyfczf jf ovzyow phâwfw xvf pykoykqhb o vwo jh ghifîh, h

gdhbhjh “iolh hlzh‒# Wfnvcjo JhBhzzh, zhl ghyhgzfyâwzkgh pojf wfy hwwogkhjh à gvlzvyh

iyhwklfkyh xvf zyhjkgkochlbfczf zhbiëb ë yfgocdfgkjh poy jhcîhw chgkochkw gobo o whbih,

poy ftfbplo# Zhczo h pyèzkgh mvzfiolâwzkgh xvhczo h jhcîh ftknf o jobâcko jh gkczvyh, xvhjykw

f pfychw#

Phyh Yochljo Dflhl o fwpoyzf jf}f wfy hwwogkhjo h vb “U###R pojfyowo kcwzyvbfczo jf

kczfnyhîço wogkhl‒ $DFLHL, 8;;>, p#8=+# Hw hîöfw xvf o mvzfiol gocwfnvfb ftfygfy cow

zoygfjoyfw mhqfb gob xvf dhah vbh wkcnvlhykjhjf chw goc}fywhw, cow fcgoczyow jow fwzèjkow,

fb hbikfczfw jf zyhihldo f hzë bfwbo chw yvhw# Dflhl $8;;>+ hmkybh xvf fwwhw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw

powwkiklkzhb vb yobpkbfczo jf ihyyfkyhw fgocúbkghw f wogkhkw xvf w÷ hgoczfgfb gob h

boiklkqhîço jh phktço nfyhjh poy fwwfw zoygfjoyfw#

96



Fwwf phpfl jow zoygfjoyfw ë }kwzo poy Fwzhjfllh $8;40+ gobo vb ftfygâgko mvcjhbfczhl co

fwpoyzf, pokw flfw wço vb jow yfwpocwè}fkw pflh wvwzfczhîço jo mvzfiol# O hvzoy gologh fb

f}kjácgkh jvhw xvfwzöfw# H phyzf fgocúbkgh, ch xvhl o kcgfczk}o }hk hlëb jhw yolfzhw jow

nyhbhjow, pokw o zoygfjoy hphktochjo }kyh w÷gko jo glvif hzyh}ëw jf goczykivkîöfw bfcwhkw,

hjxvkyf bhzfykhkw jo zkbf f havjh o glvif mkchcgfkyhbfczf gob fwwhw hzkzvjfw# Ovzyo phpfl ë

jf zoychy h phyzkjh jf mvzfiol vb aono kczfyfwwhczf f iockzo# Ë gob h pyfwfcîh f kcgfczk}o jow

zoygfjoyfw, xvf wço mkfkw how zkbfw f how aonow, xvf o fwpfzègvlo jfczyo jf ghbpo wf zoych zço

gdhbhzk}o f gob zhczh }kwkiklkjhjf#

JhBhzzh $900=+ yfwwhlzh ovzyhw kbpoyzhczfw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jo mvzfiol# O fwpoy

zyhcwmoybh o }fcgfjoy fb joco jh hzk}kjhjf f fb jëwpozh f o pfyjfjoy cço jfkth jf zfy hdocyhjfq f jknckjhjf, hlëb jf zfy h opoyzvckjhjf jf vbh co}h phyzkjh# Fwwh jfwgykîço ë

hpyfwfczhjh pflo hvzoy gobo vb jow pykbfkyow pyomfwwoyfw jh jfbogyhgkh f jh knvhljhjf co

phâw# Phyh JhBhzzh, o fwpoyzf zhbiëb pyopúw vbh co}h kjfhlkqhîço jo goypo# H gocgfpîço

jo poyzf mâwkgo hzyhzk}o f moyzf, }kwzo hpfchw cow fwgyh}ow, phwwh h wfy bhkw pyfwzknkhjh

kcjfpfcjfczf jh powkîço wogkhl ov jh pyomkwwço xvf o iyhwklfkyo ogvph#

O fwpoyzf ë gocwkjfyhjo poy Fwzhjfllh gobo vb “U###R mfcúbfco kbpoyzhczf f pyfgkwhbfczf

pozfcgkhlkqhjoy jf vb fwpfzègvlo xvf hzyhk pñilkgo f hlghcîh vbh nyhcjf yfpfygvwwço‒

$FWZHJFLLH, 8;40, p#67+# Phyh o hvzoy, o iyhwklfkyo kjfczkmkgh ow aonow gobo vbh phktço

chgkochl# Zhczh wfbfldhcîh pojf wfy ftplkghjh poy vb lhîo hmfzk}o xvf zoygfjoy, lfkzoy f

zflfwpfgzhjoy gykhb gob ow aonhjoyfw, xvf cfwwf goczftzo wço zkjow gobo âjolow#

Fwzhjfllh $8;40+ avwzkmkgh xvf h kjfczkmkghîço jow zoygfjoyfw gob o mvzfio

ghyhgzfyâwzkgh bvkzo bhyghczf, pokw hghih wf zoychcjo vbh yozkch }k}fcgkhy o bvcjo

fwpoyzk}o# Vbh kjh ho fwzèjko jf mvzfiol pojf wfy }kwzh gobo vbh bhcfkyh jf hpyotkbhîço

fczyf zoygfjoyfw f aonhjoyfw# Gobpyhy f }fwzky ghbkwhw, ifybvjh, iocë f xvhlxvfy ovzyo zkpo

jf oiafzo jhxvflf glvif, o}hgkochy aonhjoyfw pflo wkbplfw mhzo jf fczyhyfb fb ghbpo, ghczhy

jvyhczf ;0 bkcvzow, kcgfczk}hy, tkcnhy o èyikzyo, kyockqhy h zoygkjh hj}fywèykh, lf}hczhy

ihcjfkyhw f zhzvhy fwgvjow co goypo# Zojhw fwwhw f jfbhkw jfbocwzyhîöfw wço zkjhw poy

Fwzhjfllh gobo ftfbplow jo mfcúbfco wogkhl xvf ë o fwpoyzf#

O mvzfiol ë }kwzo poy JhBhzzh $900=+ gobo vb ghzfnoykh wogkhl# Wfnvcjo o hvzoy, ë hzyh}ëw jh}k}ácgkh gob o fwpoyzf xvf ow zoygfjoyfw gykhb kjfczkjhjfw f vlzyhphwwhb jkbfcwöfw xvf

9=



hczfw w÷ fyhb powwâ}fkw fb ghwh# H fwgoldh jf vb zkbf kcjk}kjvhlkqh, bhw ho bfwbo zfbpo

pfywochlkqh o zoygfjoy gobo vb nyvpo jf pfwwohw jkmfyfczfw f fwwf goczhzo, jfpfcjfcjo jo

flo gykhjo gob o glvif, gdfnh h wfy bhkoy xvf h yflhîço mhbklkhy#

JhBhzzh $8;;=+ yfwwhlzh xvf o mvzfiol zhbiëb mfq gyfwgfy h cozoykfjhjf jo Iyhwkl# Wfnvcjo o

hvzoy, cço mok h polâzkgh, h opkckço pvilkgh f bfcow hkcjh ow kczflfgzvhkw xvf gobfîhyhb h

hgyfjkzhy co pozfcgkhl f }hloy jo phâw# O yfgocdfgkbfczo xvf o mvzfiol powwvk ë zço nyhcjf

$hzvhlbfczf o Iyhwkl ë o phâw xvf powwvk o bhkoy cñbfyo jf Gophw jo Bvcjo+, xvf wfnvcjo o

hvzoy “U###R bvkzow wf fwxvfgfb jf xvf Uo mvzfiolR mok kc}fczhjo ch Kcnlhzfyyh f pfcwhb xvf flf

ë, gobo h bvlhzh, o whbih, h mfkaohjh, o aono jo ikgdo, o ghmvcë, h whghchnfb f h whvjhjf,

vb pyojvzo iyhwklfkyo‒ $JHBHZZH, 900=, p# 8:7+#

Zhczo mhwgâcko pflo fwpoyzf pojf wfy hwwogkhjo how }hloyfw xvf flf pfybkzf xvf o pñilkgo

zfcdh# O kcjk}kjvhlkwbo ocjf ghjh zoygfjoy pojf fwgoldfy o zkbf, vb glvif, vb hzlfzh, f o

knvhlkzhykwbo xvf powwkiklkzh hw bfwbhw gdhcgfw phyh ow zoygfjoyfw# O mvzfiol hkcjh

pyopoygkoch lhqfy how fc}ol}kjow co fwpoyzf, xvf cço }ffb gobo oiyknhîço hgobphcdhy hw

phyzkjhw, phyzkgkphy jo bvcjo fwpoyzk}o f hzë bfwbo phnhy pflow wfvw kczfyfwwfw#

O fwpoyzf zoycov"wf zço popvlhy poy zfy yfnyhw fwzhiflfgkjhw f poy wfy kbpyf}kwâ}fl, jfkthcjo

hw jkwpvzhw hgkyyhjhw, mfwzfahjhw f hbhjhw pflo po}o# Fwzhiflfgkjo gobo mfcúbfco wogkhl, o

mvzfiol ogvph fwphîo chw goifyzvyhw jow }hykhjow bfkow jf gobvckghîço gob h gfyzfqh xvf ow

mkfkw zoygfjoyfw kyço hgobphcdhy, jk}vlnhy, pfwxvkwhy, gykzkghy f }k}fy kczfcwhbfczf hw

kcmoybhîöfw pvilkghjhw#

7#9 Lkcnvhnfb fwpoyzk}h

Zço kbpoyzhczf xvhczo o mvzfiol ë phyh o fwpoyzf, h lkcnvhnfb aoychlâwzkgh zfb vb phpfl

fwwfcgkhl chw goifyzvyhw# Ow }fâgvlow jf gobvckghîço pyfgkwhb hgobphcdhy gob yhpkjfq h

}flogkjhjf jow ghbpfochzow wfb jfkthy jf lhjo h gyfjkiklkjhjf# Zftzow g

kbpyo}kwow f kbphygkhlkjhjf mhqfb phyzf jo gozkjkhco jow aoychlkwzhw xvf jf}fb kcmoybhy o

pñilkgo gob cozâgkhw glhyhw, oiafzk}hw, kczfyfwwhczfw f hzyhzk}hw#

O aoychlkwbo fwpoyzk}o gowzvbh wfy gykzkghjo ov pflh wvpfymkgkhlkjhjf jh goifyzvyh ov pflh

wviafzk}kjhjf fb ftgfwwo# Cklwoc Lhnf $9009+ hmkybh xvf o zoygfjoy jf mvzfiol ë vbh pfwwoh

9>



xvf gykh vbh kjfczkmkghîço gob o glvif, xvfyfy whify zojhw hw kcmoybhîöfw woiyf o fwpoyzf ë

xvhwf vbh oiyknhîço# Phyh o hvzoy “o pñilkgo h xvf wf jfwzkchb o cozkgkèyko f yfpoyzhnfb

fwpoyzk}h womyf pyogfwwo jf jkwmvcîço chygozkqhczf, kwzo ë, jkwpfcwh"wf jf kczfypyfzhy ghjh

lhcgf à fwpfyh jh phlh}yh jo chyyhjoy ov gobfczhykwzh‒ $LHNF, 9009, p#:9+# Kwwo pojf

ftplkghy h kbpoyzécgkh xvf o aoychlkwzh zfb jkhczf jh chyyhîço ov gobfczèyko jf vb aono#

Dfy÷jozo Ihyifkyo f Phzyâgkh Yhcnfl $900=+ hmkybhb xvf h pykcgkphl powzvyh xvf ow aoychlkwzhw

fwpoyzk}ow jf}fb zfy ë cço zyhcwmoybhy o mvzfiol fb goifyzvyhw mñzfkw# Ë kbpoyzhczf xvf ow

yfp÷yzfyfw jfktfb jf lhjo hw pfynvczhw glkgdáw hczfw, jvyhczf f hp÷w ow aonow, pokw ow

zoygfjoyfw f zflfwpfgzhjoyfw xvf hgobphcdhb h goifyzvyh fwpoyzk}h xvfyfb kcmoybhîöfw hlëb

jo xvf flfw }kyhb jvyhczf h phyzkjh#

Phyh yfhlkqhy vbh ioh goifyzvyh fwpoyzk}h, Phvlo ]kckgkvw Gofldo $9004+ hmkybh xvf ow

logvzoyfw f yfp÷yzfyfw pyfgkwhb jf vb jkmfyfcgkhl# Hmkchl, chyyhy o xvf fwzè hgoczfgfcjo fb

vb ghbpo jf mvzfiol cço phyfgf zhyfmh bvkzo jkmâgkl phyh vb iob fczfcjfjoy jo fwpoyzf# O

jkmfyfcgkhl phyh Gofldo, fwzè co xvf hxvflf pyomkwwkochl gocwfnvf fctfynhy jf kcvwkzhjo, ch

wvh ghphgkjhjf jf yfwwhlzhy o xvf cço mok gobfczhjo, ov bowzyhy o xvf cfcdvbh ovzyh

fbkwwoyh gocwfnvkv pfygfify# Ow logvzoyfw f yfp÷yzfyfw powwvfb vbh doyh f bfkh phyhgocxvkwzhy f hnyhjhy o zflfwpfgzhjoy, wfcjo flf zoygfjoy jf xvhlxvfy vb jow zkbfw fb ghbpo#

Gofldo $9004+ hkcjh yfwwhlzh xvf h yfpoyzhnfb aoychlâwzkgh fwpoyzk}h pyfgkwh wfy zyhihldhjh f

fwzvjhjh phyh cço dh}fy fyyow# Poy wfy vb fwpoyzf jf phktço chgkochl, o hvzoy hmkybh xvf jf

mvzfiol zojo bvcjo fczfcjf vb povgo, bhw cfb poy kwwo, o fwpoyzf jf}f wfy lf}hjo hpfchw

pflo gocdfgkbfczo ièwkgo# Gofldo ftplkgh xvf fczfcjfy jf mvzfiol cço ë o wvmkgkfczf phyh

zyhcwmoybhy vb zoygfjoy fb aoychlkwzh, poyzhczo, ghif ho pyomkwwkochl jh bhzëykh wfy gofwo f

zfy fwzklo phyh gykhy vbh cozâgkh ifb yfjknkjh f kczfyfwwhczf how oldow jo zflfwpfgzhjoy#

Vb pfykno, hlfyzhjo poy Ihyifkyo f Yhcnfl $900=+, ë xvf h goc}k}ácgkh gob ow aonhjoyfw

pojf hghihy kcmlvfcgkhcjo h }kjh pyomkwwkochl jow aoychlkwzhw# Hlnvcw cço gocwfnvfb wfphyhy

h mhbh f xvfyfb wf zoychy fwzyflhw gobo vb jow âjolow jo fwpoyzf# Bvkzhw }fqfw hzë bfwbo h

hbkqhjf pojf kczfymfyky ch pyojvîço jf bhzëykhw f fb mvyow jf yfpoyzhnfb# Ow pyomkwwkochkw

jf}fb bhczfy ioh yflhîço gob hw moczfw, bhw wfb vzklkqè"lhw phyh zyogh jf mh}oyfw# Ihyifkyo f

Yhcnfl yfwwhlzhb xvf ë kbpoyzhczf xvf o aoychlkwzh fwpoyzk}o cço goloxvf fb jñ}kjh wvhgyfjkiklkjhjf, ghwo goczyèyko, o bfyghjo cço o hgfkzhyè#

94



Hw zyhcwbkwwöfw jow aonow wço bhyghjhw pflo kbpyo}kwo f kbfjkhzkwbo, bhw kwwo cço wknckmkgh

xvf o yfp÷yzfy pojf kncoyhy hw yfnyhw nyhbhzkghkw# Wfnvcjo Lhnf $9009+, zhbiëb ë cfgfwwèyko

xvf o aoychlkwzh hpyfwfczf vbh mhlh gobpyffcwâ}fl ho pñilkgo# Poy bhkw xvf o mvzfiol zfcdh

lkcnvhnfb fwpfgâmkgh, ow yfp÷yzfyfw cço pojfb fwxvfgfy xvf cfb zojhw hw

hgobphcdhb o fwpoyzf jkhykhbfczf#

Lhnf $9009+ hmkybh xvf o aoychlkwbo ë mfkzo phyh o gocwvbo kbfjkhzo f poy kwwo o jkwgvywo

vzklkqhjo fb zojow ow }fâgvlow jf}f wfy hgfwwâ}fl à popvlhîço wfb jfkthy jñ}kjhw ov

hbiknvkjhjf# Lhnf gocwkjfyh fwwfcgkhl xvf o }fâgvlo zflf}kwk}o bhczfcdh ow phjyöfw

yfmfyfczfw à mhlh jow pyomkwwkochkw, pokw o zftzo mhlhjo ë pfîh pykboyjkhl phyh o fczfcjkbfczo

jh bhzëykh# O hvzoy gocwkjfyh kbpoyzhczf bhczfy vb jkwgvywo moybhl#

Jo poczo jf }kwzh jh fmkgkácgkh jh gobvckghîço, o yfnkwzyo goloxvkhl wfykh wfbpyfpyfmfyâ}fl# Ë bhkw hgfwwâ}fl phyh hw pfwwohw jf povgh fwgolhykjhjf f, bfwbo phyh hwxvf fwzvjhyhb ov lkjhb gocwzhczfbfczf gob h lkcnvhnfb moybhl, pfybkzf bhkw yèpkjhmyvkîço f bhkoy ftpyfwwk}kjhjf# Co fczhczo, o yfnkwzyo moybhl ë vbh kbpowkîço jfoyjfb polâzkgh, fwzfah ov cço fb lfk# $LHNF, 9009, p# 7>+

Ihyifkyo f Yhcnfl $900=+ hmkybhb xvf h lkcnvhnfb aoychlâwzkgh fwpoyzk}h zf}f bvkzhw

bvjhcîhw jfwjf o wfv wvynkbfczo# Fb 8;79, hw chyyhîöfw jow yèjkow fyhb nykzhjhw phyh xvf h

zoygkjh cço hihmhwwf o wob# Ch Fvyoph, ow logvzoyfw hpfchw jfwgyf}khb ow mhzow, wfbcfcdvbh fbpolnhîço# Fb 8;60, h vzklkqhîço jf pyowhw f }fywow fyh xvhwf vbh yfnyh phyh ow

aoychkw kbpyfwwow f fb 8;>0 f 8;40 ow zftzow phwwhyhb h wfy bhkw pyfgkwow f ow aoychlkwzhw

bhkw pyfogvphjow f gobpyobfzkjow gob h }fyjhjf, poy kwwo h lkcnvhnfb aoychlâwzkgh mkgov

bhkw mykh# H phyzky jf 8;;0, gobfîhyhb h jkwgvzky wf o fwpoyzf jf}fykh wfy }kwzo gobo vbh

fjkzoykh jo aoychlkwbo ov hpfchw gobo vb f}fczo jf fczyfzfckbfczo phyh h zflf}kwço# H

yfwpowzh jf Ihyifkyo f Yhcnfl $900=+ ë xvf h lkcnvhnfb aoychlâwzkgh fwpoyzk}h jf}f wfy

vzklkqhjh jf hgoyjo gob h }kwço jf ghjh }fâgvlo, bhw o fxvklâiyko fczyf h fboîço f hjfwgykîço jow mhzow cço pojf jfkthy jf ftkwzky fb zojow ow bfkow jf gobvckghîço#

Phyh Lhnf $9009+, o zftzo mhlhjo ë vbh fwpëgkf jf vb wfnvcjo kjkobh f poy kwwo pyfgkwh wfy

ifb hpyfwfczhjo f gocwfy}hjo phyh jkmfyfcgkè"lo jf ovzyow }fâgvlow# O hvzoy hlfnh xvf h mhlh

jow pyomkwwkochkw pyfgkwh wfy ifb ftpyfwwk}h, jf bojo h vzklkqhy bfzèmoyhw, fvmfbkwbow, f

phlh}yhw xvf cço kbpöfb }hloyfw#

9;



O zftzo co aoychlkwbo fwpoyzk}o jf}f wfy gykhzk}o, kczfyfwwhczf f yfjknkjo gob phktço# Bhw

vbh phktço pflo aoychlkwbo f cço pflo glvif# Phyh kwwo, ë cfgfwwèyko xvf ow glkgdáw f ow

gdh}öfw cço wfahb vzklkqhjow cow zftzow# O oiafzk}o ë bowzyhy o xvf ckcnvëb gocwfnvkv

oiwfy}hy chw phyzkjhw f mvnky jow bfwbow zftzow xvf wfyço pvilkghjow ch kbpyfcwh#

Chw goifyzvyhw fwpoyzk}hw, Gofldo $9004+ kcglvk h zflf}kwço gobo vb jow pykcgkphkw bfkow jf

gobvckghîço f jfwzhgh xvf o }fâgvlo powwvk nyhcjf pyfmfyácgkh jo pñilkgo# Fb fwpfgkhl, o

aoychlkwzh gocwkjfyh h Yfjf Nloio vbh jhw bhkoyfw pyojvzoyhw zflf}kwk}hw jo phâw# O hvzoy

hpyfwfczh h dkwz÷ykh jh Z] xvf gobfîov h kc}fwzky co gfcèyko fwpoyzk}o ch jëghjh jf 8;;0 f

jh wvh powkîço gobo h fbkwwoyh gob h bhkw gobplfzh goifyzvyh fwpoyzk}h jo phâw# Gofldo

hwwogkh h phlh}yh zflf}kwço à fbkwwoyh nloihl f gocwfxvfczfbfczf à goifyzvyh jo mvzfiol# Phyhflf, h powkîço xvf h Yfjf Nloio ogvph ë myvzo jf vb zyhihldo bvkzo ifb jfwfc}ol}kjo#

F h zflf}kwço, lfkh"wf Nloio# H fbkwwoyh zyhcwbkzf ow aonow gobo wdo~# Xvhwf chjhhcjh fyyhjo# Xvhwf cço wf cozh xvf o fwzèjko, gfcèyko jo f}fczo, hcjh àw bowghw# Cçowf mhlh jo nyhbhjo, jo câ}fl zëgckgo jf chjh# Zvjo ë hiwolvzhbfczf lkcjo# Bvkzhw}fqfw wf jè fthzhbfczf o opowzo chw fbkwwoyhw gocgoyyfczfw# Zvjo ë pëwwkbo, xvfzhbiëb cço ë }fyjhjf# Phyzf jo wdo~ fwzè lè# O iykldo kcjk}kjvhl jow aonhjoyfw, hwjkwpvzhw zèzkghw fczyf ow zëgckgow, ow nykzow jh zoygkjh ‗ xvhcjo flh ftkwzf# Zvjo kwwofwzè lè# Hwwkb gobo fwzço o bhv fwzhjo jo nyhbhjo, o fyyo jo èyikzyo, h hzvhîçoikqhyyh jf vb aonhjoy# Zojow ow flfbfczow phyh gocwzyvky vbh ioh aoychlâwzkgh fwzço hlk, à jkwpowkîço jhw gébfyhw, jow logvzoyfw, gobfczhykwzhw f

yfp÷yzfyfw# Ë w÷ vwhy o bkgyomocf f whlkfczhy o xvf dè jf iob, bowzyhy o xvf dè jfyvkb# $GOFLDO, 9004, p#=:+

Gofldo $9004+ gocglvk xvf o yfp÷yzfy fwpoyzk}o pyfgkwh wfy jkmfyfczf jo aoychlkwzh jhw jfbhkw

fjkzoykhw f poy kwwo, o zflfwpfgzhjoy gobo zoygfjoy hphktochjo, }hk ftknky jhxvflf cozkgkèyko

kcmoybhîöfw xvf vlzyhphwwhb o xvf flf aè jkq gocdfgfy# Gofldo hmkybh xvf ë cfgfwwèyko xvf hw

goifyzvyhw wfahb yfhlkqhjhw poy pyomkwwkochkw hphktochjow pflo fwpoyzf f jfjkghjow h vb

bfyghjo gobpfzkzk}o f ghyfczf jf zyhihldow gob bhkw xvhlkjhjf#

Phyh Ihyifkyo f Yhcnfl “U###R h fboîço ë h py÷pykh hlbh jo fwpoyzf‒ $IHYIFKYO5 YHCNFL,

900=, p# :6+# Wfnvcjo ow hvzoyfw, cço wf mhq vb iob aoychlkwbo fwpoyzk}o wfb fboîço, jfwjf

xvf ch jowf gfyzh# O mvzfiol pfjf xvf hw chyyhîöfw wfahb bvkzo py÷tkbhw jo yfhl poyxvf ow

zoygfjoyfw xvf hgobphcdhb xvfyfb vb iob fwpfzègvlo# Poyëb, ow hvzoyfw yfwwhlzhb xvf cço

wf pojf gocmvcjky fboîço gob o goyhîço# Ghif ho aoychlkwzh wf bhczfy kbphygkhl hzë bfwbo

fb aonow jh Wflfîço Iyhwklfkyh fb Goph jo Bvcjo, phyh xvf o wfv zyhihldo, h wvh }kwço f wvh

powzvyh pyomkwwkochl cço wfahb goczfwzhjow# Ihyifkyo f Yhcnfl hmkybhb xvf o aoychlkwzh

fwpoyzk}o jf}f wfy kwfczo fb zojhw hw bhzëykhw fwpoyzk}hw# Poy bhkw jkmâgkl xvf wfah cço zoygfy

70



poy vb zkbf, o yfp÷yzfy cço pojf jfkthy zyhcwphyfgfy wvh phktço poy hlnvbh fxvkpf# H

kbphygkhlkjhjf ë yfnyh mvcjhbfczhl phyh xvfb xvfy zyhihldhy cfwwh fjkzoykh#

Ihyifkyo f Yhcnfl $900=+ hmkybhb xvf h phvzh ë o kcâgko jf vbh ioh yfpoyzhnfb phyh

xvhlxvfy fjkzoykh# Co fwpoyzf ow aoychlkwzhw pyfgkwhb zfy bvkzo gvkjhjo poy phvzhyfb hw

yfpoyzhnfcw ftglvwk}hbfczf h phyzky jh kcwzhczhcfkjhjf jow aonow, zyfkcow f hbkwzowow# Fwwfw

mhzow yfpyfwfczhb bvkzo phyh ow zoygfjoyfw, poyëb flfw xvfyfb zfy kcmoybhîöfw jo gozkjkhco

jo zkbf f xvf wfahb cozâgkhw xvf hgyfwgfczhb# O oiafzk}o jf vbh phvzh ifb pyojvqkjh ë

hczfgkphy powwâ}fkw bhzëykhw f yfhlkqhy hxvklo xvf ow aoychlkwzhw bhkw nowzhb, o mvyo jh cozâgkh#

Phyh Ihyifkyo f Yhcnfl $900=+, ftkwzfb jkmkgvljhjfw ch ftfgvîço jhw phvzhw jo gfcèykofwpoyzk}o, pokw h bhkoykh jflhw wço hnfcjhjhw# Ow aonow wço yfhlkqhjow àw xvhyzhw"mfkyhw,

wèihjow f jobkcnow, f ow zyfkcow, golfzk}hw jf kbpyfcwh f gocgfczyhîço ogvphb ow jkhw

yfwzhczfw jh wfbhch, mhqfcjo gob xvf hw bhzëykhw wfahb hw bfwbhw chw fbkwwoyhw f jfbhkw

bfkow jf gobvckghîço# Poy kwwo, h phvzh zfb h mvcîço jf jkmfyfcgkhy hw kcmoybhîöfw

hpyfwfczhjhw# Hw bhzëykhw gobfboyhzk}hw gobo hck}fywèyko jow glvifw, zâzvlow f ghbpfochzow

hczknow, poy ftfbplo, jf}fb yfgfify co}h hioyjhnfb# Poy bhkw xvf o hwwvczo cço wfah

mhgzvhl ow aoychlkwzhw cço pojfb pyojvqky zojow ow hcow hw bfwbhw bhzëykhw#

Phyh pyojvqky iocw zftzow ë mvcjhbfczhl xvf o yfp÷yzfy hgobphcdf hw phyzkjhw co loghl jo

mhzo# Poy bhkw xvf h zflf}kwço zyhcwbkzh aonow ho }k}o, o oldhy glâckgo pojf ghpzhy hlnvbh

kcmoybhîço xvf h zflf}kwço cço gocwfnvkv f kwwo pojfyè wfy o jkmfyfcgkhl jf vbh bhzëykh# Chw

zflf}kwöfw, fwpfgkmkghjhbfczf, ow yfp÷yzfyfw f aoychlkwzhw ogvphb h mvcîço jf pfywochnfcw jo

fwpoyzf# Hlëb jf zyhcwbkzky h fboîço jo aono, o ghloy jh zoygkjh f h hcwkfjhjf jow aonhjoyfw

flfw zhbiëb wço fwghlhjow phyh }k}fy hw bhzëykhw# Mhqfb yhpfl, chjhb, goyyfb, aonhb# Oaoychlkwzh “U###R ë zço pyozhnockwzh xvhczo o hzlfzh#‒ $IHYIFKYO5 YHCNFL, 900=, p# :6+

Aè o chyyhjoy fwpoyzk}o cço jf}f hpfchw gobfczhy o xvf hw gébfyhw fwzço bowzyhcjo# Flf jf}f

xvfwzkochy, hpyfwfczhy kcmoybhîöfw xvf hgyfwgfczhb f jkwgvzky gob ovzyow pyomkwwkochkw xvf

doaf hgobphcdhb hw zyhcwbkwwöfw jow lhcgfw bhkw kbpoyzhczfw jh phyzkjh chw ghikcfw# O

chyyhjoy jf}f whify kbpyo}kwhy f vzklkqhy ow glkgdáw f hw nâykhw gob bojfyhîço# Zoychy h

lkcnvhnfb goloxvkhl ë jkmfyfczf jf zoycè"lh }vlnhy#

78



O écgoyh jhw zyhcwbkwwöfw fwpoyzk}hw gocjvq hw yfpoyzhnfcw f mhq hw kczfy}fcîöfw cfgfwwèykhw

jvyhczf o pyonyhbh# Hlëb jf phyzkgkphy jf zojo o pyogfwwo jh zyhcwbkwwço, flf jf}f bowzyhy

wfnvyhcîh f jobâcko jo hwwvczo hpyfwfczhcjo# O écgoyh pojf f jf}f wfy jfwgoczyhâjo wfb

jfkthy jf wfy ëzkgo f kwfczo#

Phyh Ihyifkyo f Yhcnfl $900=+, o gobfczhykwzh vzklkqh jf zfybow zëgckgow f zèzkgow phyh fbkzky

wvhw opkcköfw# Fbihwhjow fb gocdfgkbfczow, ow gobfczèykow cço wohb gobo opkchzk}ow, bhw

gvbpyfb h mvcîço jf kcmoybhy bfldoy o zflfwpfgzhjoy# H f}olvîço jh zfgcolonkh f h

gobpvzhîço nyèmkgh hvtklkhb ihwzhczf cfwwfw bobfczow# Hlëb jf yfpfzky f fwglhyfgfy ow

lhcgfw jh phyzkjh, zhbiëb ë powwâ}fl flhioyhy yhcekcnw, zhiflhw, xvhjyow, gfcèykow }kyzvhkw f

hckbhîöfw xvf mhqfb gob xvf hw kcmoybhîöfw wf zoycfb bhkw hzyhzk}hw f kczfyfwwhczfw#Ihyifkyo f Yhcnfl nhyhczfb xvf h f}olvîço zfgcol÷nkgh zyovtf ovzyhw gocz

kbpoyzhczfw phyh o fwpoyzf# Gob zhczow jfzhldfw yfnkwzyhjow, gobo h yfhîço jo zoygfjoy, o

oldhy jo hzhghczf f jo nolfkyo hczfw jf vbh goiyhcîh pfchl, h joy jf vb aonhjoy hp÷w womyfy

mhlzh, hw ftpyfwwöfw jow zëgckgow f gobkwwço, hvbfczhb hw opîöfw jf phvzh phyh h zflf}kwço#

Fwwhw kbhnfcw hghihb oiyknhcjo how aoychlkwzhw h wfyfb bhkw jfzhldkwzhw ch pyojvîço jf

bhzëykhw#

O aoychlkwbo fwpoyzk}o hwwkb gobo hw jfbhkw fjkzoykhw jf}f wf pyfogvphy fb kcmoybhy o

pñilkgo gob mhzow yfhkw f ifb hpvyhjow# Zflfwpfgzhjoyfw f hbhczfw jo mvzfiol fwpfyhb jhw

goifyzvyhw kwfcîço jow yfp÷yzfyfw f jkchbkwbo# Hlëb jkwwo, h gykhzk}kjhjf, h kco}hîço f

fboîço wço flfbfczow xvf gocxvkwzhb o pñilkgo hzyh}ëw jf bhzëykhw glhyhw f kcmoybhzk}hw#

7#7 Aoychlkwbo opkchzk}o

Jh bfwbh moybh xvf o aoychlkwbo jf}f wfy ihwfhjo fb kcmoybhîöfw }fyjhjfkyhw, ow }fâgvlow

jf gobvckghîço pyfgkwhb kcmoybhy o pñilkgo hzyh}ëw jf bhzëykhw gocgkwhw f kcmoybhzk}hw#

Gocgfkzow, powkîöfw kjfol÷nkghw f opkcköfw pojfyço wfy ftpyfwwhw jfwjf xvf

kjfczkmkghjhw fb fjkzoykhw ov hwwkchjhw poy aoychlkwzhw#

Aowë Bhyxvfw jf Bflo $8;46+ hmkybh xvf, fbioyh h pfwxvkwh fb aoychlkwbo wfah jhzhjh jo

wëgvlo TKT, hkcjh cço wf zfb vbh ihwf zf÷ykgh jflkbkzhjh# O aoychlkwbo, wfcjo vbh }fyzfczf

jh gobvckghîço, lkjh gob h pyojvîço f gkygvlhîço jh kcmoybhîço hlkhjh à yhqço# Poyzhczo, o

aoychlkwbo wf mhq pyfwfczf ch yflhîço fczyf o xvf wf jkq, poy ocjf wf jkq f gobo wf zyhcwbkzf

79



hw kcmoybhîöfw# H cfgfwwkjhjf golfzk}h jf whify o xvf fwzè ho wfv yfjoy ë xvf powwkiklkzh h

kczfy}fcîço aoychlâwzkgh cow mhzow f hgoczfgkbfczow#

Bflo $8;46+ yflhzh xvf hw pykbfkyhw yflhîöfw jf gobvckghîço jf bhwwh wvynkyhb co wëgvlo

T] pflh cfgfwwkjhjf jf wf mhqfy gobvckghjow omkgkhkw jow yfkw f cozkgkhy h }kjh jhxvflhw

yfnköfw jh Fvyoph# Ch Kcnlhzfyyh, hw pykbfkyhw cozâgkhw, poy bozk}ow jf gfcwvyh, yfpfygvzkhb

hpfchw nvfyyhw, ghzèwzyomfw f h polâzkgh loghl# H phyzky jo wëgvlo T]KK hw kcmoybhîöfw

nhcdhyhb vb gvcdo moybhl, hzyh}ëw jf pvilkghîöfw kbpyfwwhw f gob lk}yf hzvhîço#

Fwwf lk}yf hyiâzyko jh kbpyfcwh hpfchw wf gocmknvyh jf bhcfkyh fmkghq hp÷w h gdfnhjh jh

ivynvfwkh ho pojfy f gob o mkb jh gfcwvyh pyë}kh# Gobo moybh jf fwzhiflfgfy o goczyolfwoiyf hw pvilkghîöfw, h ivynvfwkh kcwzkzvkv h goiyhcîh jf vb zhth h wfy phnh poy ghjh

ftfbplhy fb gkygvlhîço# O nyhcjf h}hcîo jh kbpyfcwh jf}f"wf ho mhzo jf xvf cço fyh pyfgkwo

bvkzh zfgcolonkh phyh pvilkghy vb aoychl co wëgvlo TKT, jkmfyfczf jo xvf o bfyghjo phwwov h

ftknky cow hcow wfnvkczfw#

Lvkq Iflzyço hpyfwfczh h opkckço gobo “U###R h mvcîço pwkgol÷nkgh, pflh xvhl o wfy dvbhco,

kcmoybhjo jf kjfkhw, mhzow ov wkzvhîöfw gocmlkzhczfw, ftpykbf h yfwpfkzo wf$IFLZYÇO, 8;40, p# 8:+# O hvzoy hmkybh xvf h opkckço pojf wfy kcjk}kjvhl, wfb zfy h

cfgfwwkjhjf jf wf zoychy hgfkzè}fl pflow ovzyow ov fczço wfy gobphyzkldhjh gob }èykow

kcjk}âjvow, jfcobkchjh fczço opkckço nfyhl ov jobkchczf# Gowwko Ghylow 6 $8;64 gkzhjo poy

IFLZYÇO, 8;40+ hpyfwfczh hw jkmfyfcîhw fczyf h opkckço jo pñilkgo f opkckço pñikgh#

H opkckço jo pñilkgo wf jè fb xvhlxvfy wkzvhîço golfzk}h f zyhjvq vb pyogfwwowkbplfwbfczf xvhczkzhzk}o jf hjkîço jf opkcköfw pfwwohkw# Fb zyogh h opkckço

pñilkgh, xvf zhbiëb yfxvfy vbh wkzvhîço golfzk}h, cço wvynf, poyëb fb xvhlxvfy wkzvhîço golfzk}h# Flh ë vbh opkckço hvzoykqhjh ov xvhlkmkghjh poyxvf, jf hlnvbhmoybh, zyhjvq pykcgâpkow# Myfczf h kwwo h opkckço pñilkgh ë hlno bhkw fwzè}fl#$IFLZYÇO, 8;40, p#9:+

Phyh Iflzyço $8;40+, h opkckço zf}f vb phpfl kbpoyzhczf ch f}olvîço f gfcwvyh jh kbpyfcwh#

Co ghwo jo Iyhwkl, o hvzoy hmkybh xvf o aoychlkwbo opkchzk}o gobfîov h wf jfwfc}ol}fy

jfpokw jh Yf}olvîço jf 8;70 xvhcjo ow bfkow jf gobvckghîço gobfîhyhb h vzklkqhy o

jfwfc}ol}kbfczo nyèmkgo zhczo phyh pyojvqky bfldoy goczfñjo, xvhczo phyh jkwzykivky, co ghwo

jow aoychkw f yf}kwzhw, bhkoy }olvbf jow pfyk÷jkgow# Fb 8;=:, hco fb xvf h zflf}kwço aè fyh

6 GOWWKO, Ghylow# Lh Opkck÷c Pñilkgh# Ivfcow Hkyfw1 Lovwhjh, 8;;64#

77



vbh yfhlkjhjf co phâw, h kbpyfcwh cço pojf hpyfwfczhy cfcdvbh opkckço jf}kjo à gfcwvyh

polâzkgh xvf yfwzykcnkv zojhw hw cozâgkhw f kcmoybhîöfw# Ow bfkow jf gobvckghîço w÷ }olzhyhb

h opkchy ch jëghjh jf 8;40, xvhcjo h jkzhjvyh bklkzhy hghiov#

Iflzyço $8;40+ hpyfwfczh zyáw ghzfnoykhw jf opkckço xvf fwzço pyfwfczfw co aoychlkwbo# H jo

fjkzoy xvf jkzh h polâzkgh fjkzoykhl jo bfko jf gobvckghîço h phyzky jf hlnvcw flfbfczow gobo

h ftpfykácgkh jow gdfmfw jf yfjhîço, hw yflhîöfw fczyf o hgoczfgkbfczo, h powzvyh kjfol÷nkgh

jo aoychl f ow kczfyfwwfw fgocúbkgow jh fbpyfwh# Fwzh phyzf mkchcgfkyh poy wkchl ë hpyfwfczhjh

poy Iflzyço $8;40+ gobo h bhkw kbpoyzhczf, pokw ow bfkow jf gobvckghîço wço, ch }fyjhjf,

fbpyfwhw gobfygkhkw f kcjvwzykhkw f poy kwwo, pyfgkwhb kcmoybhy f bhczfy h polâzkgh bfyghczkl#

O hvzoy yfwwhlzh xvf h opkckço jf}fyè wfy ftpyfwwh pflow fjkzoykhkw jh fbpyfwh xvf wfyçokjfczkmkghjow pflow lfkzoyfw#

Iflzyço $8;40+ hpyfwfczh h opkckço jo aoychlkwzh gobo h wfnvcjh ghzfnoykh# Wfnvcjo o hvzoy, o

pyomkwwkochl ftpyfwwh wfv gocgfkzo h phyzky jo avâqo jf }hloy f }kwço gyâzkgh jkhczf jow mhzow#

Coybhlbfczf, h opkckço jo yfp÷yzfy ë h bfwbh jo fjkzoy f jo }fâgvlo xvf flf zyhihldh, poyëb

o aoychlkwzh gocwfnvf yfmlfzky vbh phyzf jh opkckço jo pñilkgo xvf goczykivk phyh o zyhihldo

mkchl jo yfp÷yzfy# H ñlzkbh ghzfnoykh ë h opkckço jo lfkzoy xvf gocwfnvf wf bhckmfwzhy hzyh}ëwjhw fczyf}kwzhw gocgfjkjhw how bfkow jf gobvckghîço f jhw fjkzoykhw fwpfgâmkghw jfwzkchjhw h

flfw gobo ghyzhw, pfynvczhw, yfglhbhîöfw f wvnfwzöfw#

Jfczyf zojhw hw glhwwkmkghîöfw jf nácfyow aoychlâwzkgow iyhwklfkyow, Lvkq Iflzyço= $8;>9 gkzhjo

poy BFLO, 8;46+ hpyfwfczh h bhkw gocwolkjhjh jfmkckîço fb gocgfkzow f ch pyèzkgh

pyomkwwkochl# Iflzyço pyopöf h glhwwkmkghîço jow nácfyow fczyf aoychlkwbo kcmoybhzk}o f

aoychlkwbo opkchzk}o# O pykbfkyo hpyfwfczh ghyhgzfyâwzkghw fwzyvzvyhjhw h phyzky jh yflhîçofczyf o mhzo, wvh f}olvîço f h yflhîço jo yfp÷yzfy gob hw moczfw fc}ol}kjhw# Aè o wfnvcjo

jfkth ftplâgkzo xvfb fwzè hwwvbkcjo h opkckço $bhzëykhw hwwkchjhw+ ov

kcjkyfzhbfczf hyzkgvlhîöfw jo poczo jf }kwzh opkchzk}o jo }fâgvlo#

Bflo $8;46+ yfwwhlzh xvf o nácfyo aoychlâwzkgo ë jfzfybkchjo pflo fwzklo jo aoychlkwzh f hw

moybhw jf ftpyfwwço xvf o pyomkwwkochl bhczëb gob o pñilkgo, fcxvhczo hw ghzfnoykhw

jkmfyfcgkhb o aoychlkwbo opkchzk}o jo kcmoybhzk}o, kczfypyfzhzk}o f fczyfzfckbfczo# Phyh o

hvzoy, o aoychlkwbo kcmoybhzk}o zfb gobo fwwácgkh o hzo jf yfnkwzyhy ow hgoczfgkbfczow f

= IFLZYÇO, Lvkq# Wogkfjhjf jf bhwwh1 gobvckghîço f lkzfyhzvyh# Pfzy÷polkw1 ]oqfw, 8;>9#

7:



kcmoybè"low àw pfwwohw5 o opkchzk}o zyhihldh gob h powwkiklkjhjf jf moybhy lfkzoyfw5 o

kczfypyfzhzk}o hpyomvcjh ow mhzow, hnyfnhcjo ovzyhw kcmoybhîöfw, f o jf fczyfzfckbfczo, ov

jk}fywkochl, lkjh gob h yfgyfhîço f h jkwzyhîço jo pñilkgo, pyffcgdfcjo vbh lhgvch jfkthjh

pflhw ovzyhw ghzfnoykhw# Co Iyhwkl, o aoychlkwbo kczfypyfzhzk}o hkcjh ë lkbkzhjo, pokw ow

}fâgvlow jf gobvckghîço cço gykhyhb vb ihcgo jf kcmoybhîöfw phyh pfwxvkwhyfb ow mhzow#

Fb yflhîço ho aoychlkwbo jk}fywkochl, gocwzkzvk"wf vb jfwpyfcjkbfczo jo yfhl hzyh}ëw jf mhzow

goyykxvfkyow f cfb wfbpyf gvbpyf o phpfl jf kcmoybhy, bhw wkb jf fczyfzfy#

Bfwbo gob fwwh jk}kwço jow nácfyow, Bflo $8;46+ hj}fyzf xvf o aoychlkwbo cço gocwfnvf wf

ftkbky jo goczyolf jh opkckço# H py÷pykh lkcdh fjkzoykhl f h wflfîço jh kcmoybhîço mhqfb phyzf

jo pykbfkyo pyogfwwo xvf fwzhiflfgf h jkyfîço kjfol÷nkgh jow bfkow jf gobvckghîço# Wfnvcjoo hvzoy, fwgoldfy xvhl bhzëykh wfyè pvilkghjh f h dkfyhyxvkh fwzyvzvyhjh chw yfjhîöfw wço

yfgvywow xvf h fbpyfwh jkwpöf phyh goczyolhy jkhykhbfczf fbkwwço ov fjkîço jf goczfñjow#

Phyh Bflo $8;46+, h phvzh zhbiëb ë vb bfghckwbo xvf kczfymfyf co pyogfwwo jf wflfîço jhw

kcmoybhîöfw# Hlëb jf wfy flhioyhjh h phyzky jo xvf ow pykcgkphkw bfkow jf gobvckghîço

pvilkghb, h phvzh ë jkwgvzkjh fb vb ébikzo jf pyomkwwkochkw xvf oykfczhb h opkckço jh

fbpyfwh# H goifyzvyh aoychlâwzkgh zhbiëb ë ghphq jf fbkzky opkcköfw poyxvf ow hwwvczowwflfgkochjow h phyzky jo kczfyfwwf jo pñilkgo w÷ hgoczfgfb xvhcjo wvynfb pyoilfbhw jf

nyhcjf yfpfygvwwço gobo nyf}fw, hgkjfczfw f ghzèwzyomfw#

H fwgoldh jhw moczfw zhbiëb zfb o pojfy jf kczfymfyky ch wflfîço kcmoybhzk}h# Zhczo hw moczfw

py÷pykhw xvf wço bhczkjhw pflh fbpyfwh $goyyfwpocjfczfw, wvgvywhkw f yfpoyzhnfb loghl+, hw

moczfw goczyhzhjhw xvf wço omfyfgkjhw poy hnácgkhw kcmoybhzk}hw, xvhczo àw }olvczèykhw, xvf

wço kcjkghjhw, pojfb yfmlfzky co pyogfwwo jf kcmoybhîço jo }fâgvlo#

O gopkjfwxvf mkchlkqh o pyogfwwo jf goczyolf jh kcmoybhîço jf vb }fâgvlo# Gob h mvcîço jf

yf}kwhy f hpfymfkîohy h lkcnvhnfb vzklkqhjh cow }fâgvlow jf gobvckghîço, o gopkjfwxvf

gvbpyf o phpfl jf mklzyhy fyyow nyhbhzkghkw f hynvbfczhîöfw jkwgvywk}hw pyfwfczfw cow nácfyow

kcmoybhzk}ow# Co ghwo jow aoychkw f yf}kwzhw, Bflo $8;46+ hmkybh xvf ow zâzvlow f bhcgdfzfw

pojfb wfy }kwzow gobo h ftpyfwwço opkchzk}h jow bfkow jf gobvckghîço#

Wfnvcjo Iflzyço $8;40+, ë h phyzky jh }fyhgkjhjf jow mhzow xvf ow aoychlkwzhw jf}fb phvzhy hw

bhzëykhw xvf wfyço pvilkghjhw# Fwwf ë o pykcgâpko bhkw kbpoyzhczf ch gocwzyvîço jo bhzfykhl,

76



bhw ftkwzfb ghwow jf goc}fckácgkh cow xvhkw h wflfîço jf kcmoybhîöfw ë h}hlkhjh h phyzky jf

ovzyow gykzëykow# O kczfyfwwf jo aoychlkwzh pojf pyk}hy h pvilkghîço jf hlnvbh bhzëykh xvhcjo

flf ë oiyknhjo h fwgyf}fy goczyh wvhw goc}kgîöfw mklow÷mkghw# O kczfyfwwf jh kbpyfcwh zhbiëb

kcmlvfcgkh co wvpykbfczo jf kcmoybhîöfw, pokw h polâzkgh gobfygkhl cço pojf wfy jkmfyfczf jh

fjkzoykhl# Aè o kczfyfwwf jf vb cñglfo wogkhl kczfymfyf ch pvilkghîço jf cozâgkhw jf}kjo àw

gocwfxvácgkhw cfnhzk}hw xvf zhl yfnkwzyo pojf zyhqfy phyh h gobvckjhjf# F, poy ñlzkbo, o

kczfyfwwf jh py÷pykh wogkfjhjf xvf, wf yfwvlzhy fb yfpfygvwwöfw cfnhzk}hw phyh hw ghbhjhw jo

pñilkgo, zhbiëb ftfygf kcmlvácgkh ch jk}vlnhîço jhw kcmoybhîöfw#

Aoychlkwzhw pyfgkwhb vzklkqhy o pojfy jh gobvckghîço phyh kcmoybhy o pñilkgo jf bhcfkyh

kwfczh# H opkckço pñilkgh pojf wfy hpyfwfczhjh f jkwgvzkjh cow }fâgvlow jfwjf xvf cçogoloxvfb fb jñ}kjh ow avâqow jf }hloyfw golfzk}ow, o xvf h wogkfjhjf pfcwh f opkch jkhczf jo

mhzo# O gocdfgkbfczo pñilkgo f h ëzkgh pyomkwwkochl pyfgkwhb fwzhy pyfwfczfw fb zojhw hw

fjkzoykhw f moybhw jf ftpyfwwço gob zftzow, mhlhw f kbhnfcw hpyfwfczhcjo chw bhzëykhw hpfchw

o xvf yfhlbfczf hgoczfgfv, wfb cfcdvbh jkwzoyîço ov bhckpvlhîço jow mhzow#

: O JKWGVYWO HVJKO]KWVHL JH FJKZOYKH JF FWPOYZF JO PYONYHBH

MHCZÈWZKGO

7=



:#8 Bfzojolonkh jf pfwxvkwh

Ho locno jfwzf ghpâzvlo, mok jfwfc}ol}kjo vb fwzvjo jf ghwo woiyf o jkwgvywo hvjko}kwvhl jhfjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf jo pyonyhbh aoychlâwzkgo jh Yfjf Nloio, o Mhczèwzkgo# H hcèlkwf ë

yfhlkqhjh h phyzky jh ftkikîço jo hpyfwfczhjoy, pyojvzoy f fjkzoy jo pyonyhbh, Zhjfv Wgdbkjz#

O bhzfykhl phyh hcèlkwf jhw yfpoyzhnfcw mok golfzhjo fczyf ow jkhw ; f 70 jf bhko jf 9080,

zfbpo yfmfyfczf ho kcâgko jo Ghbpfochzo Iyhwklfkyo f à phyhlkwhîço jo bfwbo phyh h Goph jo

Bvcjo# Co zozhl, o fwzvjo goczfbplh xvhzyo fjkîöfw jo pyonyhbh#

Pykbfkyhbfczf, mok yfhlkqhjh vbh hcèlkwf jfwgykzk}h jo Mhczèwzkgo phyh gobpyffcjfy o

moybhzo pyopowzo pflo pyonyhbh# H fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf ftkif ow yfwvlzhjow jhw phyzkjhw jo

Ghbpfochzo Iyhwklfkyo yfhlkqhjhw co jobkcno }kwhcjo kcmoybhy f fczyfzfy o zflfwpfgzhjoy,

wfcjo flf fczfcjfjoy jf mvzfiol ov lfkno co hwwvczo# Wgdbkjz bowzyh ow yfwvlzhjow jow aonow,

h glhwwkmkghîço jow zkbfw f lhcgfw kcvwkzhjow f gvykowow jhw phyzkjhw gob o hvtâlko jf yfgvywow

nyèmkgow# Hlëb jkwwo, Wgdbkjz zhbiëb ftpöf wvh opkckço fb hlnvcw bobfczow

yfpoyzhnfcw#

Fb wfnvkjh, mok jfwfc}ol}kjh vbh hcèlkwf jf goczfñjo fwzhiflfgkjh h phyzky jf hlnvbhw

ghzfnoykhw# H pykbfkyh kjfczkmkgov gobo h opkckço fwzè pyfwfczf co jkwgvywo mhlhjo poy

Wgdbkjz f xvhkw wço ow mvcjhbfczow vzklkqhjow pflo hvzoy phyh wvwzfczè"lh# Powzfykoybfczf,

mok kjfczkmkghjo gobo ë gocwzyvâjo o zftzo mhlhjo ch fjkzoykh f jf xvf moybh hw mknvyhw jf

lkcnvhnfb hphyfgfb chw chyyhîöfw# Poy mkb, h gobpowkîço jhw kbhnfcw hzyh}ëw jow yfgvywow

nyèmkgow kjfczkmkgov gobo ow bfkow zfgcol÷nkgow hvtklkhb ch gocwzyvîço jhw bhzëykhw# H phyzky

jfwwf yfgoyzf zf÷ykgo, h hcèlkwf mok jk}kjkjh chw wfnvkczfw ghzfnoykhw1 h+ gocwzyvîço jh opkckçof pyomkwwkochlkwbo fwpoyzk}o, i+ zftzo mhlhjo f mknvyhw jf lkcnvhnfb, g+ gobpowkîço jf

kbhnfcw f kczfyhzk}kjhjf#

:#9 Ë Mhczèwzkgo(

7>



O Mhczèwzkgo fwzyfov co jkh 6 jf hnowzo jf 8;>7# Kczkzvlhjo zhbiëb gobo )o wdo~ jh }kjh‒,

o pyonyhbh mok gykhjo poy Aowë Iockmègko jf Olk}fkyh Woiykcdo, o Iock, phyh kcmoybhy ow

zflfwpfgzhjoyfw woiyf hw bhkw jk}fywhw cozâgkhw jh wfbhch ># Ow pykcgkphkw hpyfwfczhjoyfw cow

ñlzkbow 80 hcow moyhb Gkj Boyfkyh, Wëynko Gdhpflkc, Mèzkbh Ifychyjfw, Pfjyo Ikhl f Nl÷ykh

Bhykh# Jfwjf 9004, Qfgh Ghbhyno f Phzyâgkh Pofzh wço ow écgoyhw mktow jh yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh#

Ch f}fczvhl hvwácgkh jow écgoyhw, Yfchzh Gfykifllk f Zhjfv Wgdbkjz zhbiëb ogvphb o ghyno

jf hpyfwfczhjoyfw, hlëb jf wfyfb yfwpocwè}fkw pflhw yfpoyzhnfcw jh fjkzo

gobpoyzhbfczo f fwpoyzf, yfwpfgzk}hbfczf# O pyonyhbh ë ftkikjo zojo jobkcno, àw 90d:6 f

powwvk fb bëjkh jvhw doyhw f bfkh jf jvyhîço#

Gob o kczvkzo jf wfy vbh yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh, “o wdo~ jh }kjh‒ omfyfgf how zflfwpfgzhjoyfwvbh }hykfjhjf jf goczfñjow# Hlëb jf zfy yfpoyzhnfcw jf jk}fywhw fjkzoykhw, gobo polâzkgh,

fgocobkh, gvlzvyh f fwpoyzf, o pyonyhbh zhbiëb hpyfwfczh hw cozâgkhw bhkw yfpfygvzkjhw jh

wfbhch gob ovzyhw hpvyhîöfw, moczfw f fczyf}kwzhw ftglvwk}hw f o zftzo mhlhjo bhkw py÷tkbo

jo goloxvkhl#

Hlëb jf wfy vb pyonyhbh cozkgkowo, O Mhczèwzkgo zhbiëb powwvk xvhjyow mktow gob

hioyjhnfcw jf jk}fywow zfbhw# Hzvhlbfczf o pyonyhbh fwzè gob okzo xvhjyow co hy# Wço flfw1

Jfzfzk}f }kyzvhl $jfw}fcjh ow fcknbhw jh kczfycfz+, Aono jh }fyjhjf $Mkve, ghczoy zffc,

hgobphcdh o jkh h jkh jow hjolfwgfczfw+, Bf lf}h Iyhwkl $o yfp÷yzfy Bhvyâgko Eviyvwl{

hpyfwfczh dkwz÷ykhw jf pfywochnfcw jfwgocdfgkjow jo phâw+, Bfckch Mhczèwzkgh $Gocgvywo jf

zop bojfl+, O gocgklkhjoy $Bht Nfdykcnfy mhgklkzh h wolvîço jf gocmlkzow fczyf phyfczf,

}kqkcdow f fbpyfwh+, Zfyyh, xvf zfbpo ë fwwf? $Wúckh Iykjk f Phvlo Qfyo hpyfwfczhb ow

lvnhyfw jo bvcjo bhkw hbfhîhjow pflo hxvfgkbfczo nloihl+, ]knklhczfw jo

$fwpfgkhlkwzhw bowzyhb hw gocwfxvácgkhw jo hxvfgkbfczo nloihl+ f Ë iob pyh xvá? $o bëjkgo

Jyèvqko ]hyflh jkwgvzf o xvf ë }fyjhjf ov bkzo ch bfjkgkch popvlhy+#

Fb 900>, Fbbhcvfl Zhjfv Wgdbkjz, mok goc}kjhjo h kczfnyhy h fxvkpf jo Mhczèwzkgo f jfwjf

h wvh kcwfyîço ch yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh, o goczfñjo fwpoyzk}o zf}f hlnvbhw yfmoybvlhîöfw# Ch

jëghjh jf 8;>0, hw bhzëykhw woiyf o mvzfiol fyhb ftkikjhw hp÷w o fcgfyyhbfczo jo pyonyhbh#

Aè fb 8;40 hw kcmoybhîöfw fwpoyzk}hw fyhb hpyfwfczhjhw jvyhczf h pyonyhbhîço poy Mfychcjo

]hcvggk, B{lfch Gkykifllk, Nhl}ço Ivfco f, pykcgkphlbfczf, poy Lëo Ihzkwzh, xvf mkgov

ftglvwk}hbfczf gob h hpyfwfczhîço jo xvhjyo “Nol jo Mhczèwzkgo‒# Hlëb jf hpyfwfczhy o

> dzzp1//bfboykhnloio#nloio#gob/Bfboykhnloio/0,9>>97,N[C0"69>7"9:>968,00#dzbl

74

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Bial

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%B3ria_Maria


http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeca_Camargo

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patr%C3%ADcia_Poeta

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renata_Ceribelli

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeu_Schmidt

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Vanucci


http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mylena_Ciribelli

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galv%C3%A3o_Bueno

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Batista

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Bial



http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeca_Camargo

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patr%C3%ADcia_Poeta

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renata_Ceribelli

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeu_Schmidt



http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mylena_Ciribelli

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galv%C3%A3o_Bueno

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Batista



lhcgf bhkw iockzo jh yojhjh, o xvhjyo mkgov gocdfgkjo pflh phyzkgkphîço jf vbh qfiyh nfyhjh

poy gobpvzhjoy xvf hgobphcdh}h f/ov hckbh}h hw chyyhîöfw# Fb bfhjow jf 8;;0 f 9000, hw

bhzëykhw mkghyhb wfb yfgvywow nyèmkgow f Lëo Ihzkwzh hpyfwfczh}h hpfchw ow lhcgfw bhkw

kbpoyzhczfw jhw phyzkjhw# Jfwjf 900>, Wgdbkjz yfmoybvlov o moybhzo f hpyfwfczhîço jo

goczfñjo fwpoyzk}o, gob vbh lkcnvhnfb goloxvkhl, opkchzk}h f yfzoycov gob hw hckbhîöfw ho

xvhjyo#

Wgdbkjz mok goczyhzhjo pflh Yfjf Nloio fb 9000 f kckgkov h pyomkwwço gob goifyzvyhw jh

M÷ybvlh 8# Aè fb 900= zyhihldov gob hw yfpoyzhnfcw jh Goph jo Bvcjo f jokw hcow jfpokw

mok vb jow écgoyhw jh goifyzvyh gobplfzh jow Aonow Olâbpkgow jf Pfxvkb# H phyzky jfwwh

ftpfykácgkh fb vbh gobpfzkîço olâbpkgh, Wgdbkjz phwwov pflhw ihcghjhw jo FwpoyzfFwpfzhgvlhy, Iob jkh Iyhwkl, Nloio Fwpoyzf f Fwphîo Hifyzo $Nloio Cf~w+#

Hw bhzëykhw fwpoyzk}hw wço hpyfwfczhjhw poy Wgdbkjz co pfcñlzkbo ilogo jo Mhczèwzkgo# H

fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf ftkif hpfchw ow yfwvlzhjow jow aonow jh wëykf H jo Ghbpfochzo Iyhwklfkyo

xvf hgoczfgfyhb co jobkcno, pokw hw phyzkjhw yfhlkqhjhw vb jkh hczfw wço hpyfwfczhjhw co

pyonyhbh jh fbkwwoyh co wèihjo h cokzf $Aoychl Chgkochl +, ov co jobkcno jf bhcdç $Nloio

Fwpoyzf+# Hw bhzëykhw wço ftkikjhw co bfwbo ilogo jo pyonyhbh, wfb kczfy}hlow#

H fjkzoykh jf mvzfiol zfb fb bëjkh 4 bkcvzow jf jvyhîço# Wgdbkjz ftkif ow lhcgfw bhkw

kbpoyzhczfw jf ghjh aono, hlëb jf fcmhzkqhy bobfczow wkcnvlhyfw chw phyzkjhw, gobo hw

gobfboyhîöfw f wviwzkzvkîço jow aonhjoyfw, o zyhihldo jow èyikzyow f jfzhldfw gobo h

pyfwfcîh jf phwwhykcdow co ghbpo, hw yfhîöfw jow hzlfzhw fb ghjh aonhjh f h phyzkgkphîço jh

zoygkjh# Gob vb zftzo mhlhjo jfwgoczyhâjo, Wgdbkjz vzklkqh phlh}yhw fwpfgâmkghw jo aoychlkwbo

fwpoyzk}o, bhw pyogvyh fbpyfnhy vb }oghivlèyko wkbplfw f hzvhl phyh kcmoybhy h zojow owzflfwpfgzhjoyfw#

H phyzky jow yfwvlzhjow jow aonow, h zhiflh jf glhwwkmkghîço jow glvifw ë hpyfwfczhjh gob

yfgvywow jf hyzfw nyèmkghw# Ow zkbfw wço yfpyfwfczhjow poy “ghyyow‒, ocjf ghjh }fâgvlo

yfpyfwfczh vbh fxvkpf f jf hgoyjo gob hw poczvhîöfw, flfw }ço wkbvlhcjo vbh goyykjh# Hlëb

jh zhiflh jf glhwwkmkghîço wfy zfgcolonkghbfczf ifb pyojvqkjh, o zftzo mhlhjo jvyhczf h

ftkikîço ë kcmoybhl f mhq bfcîço zhczo ho gfcèyko hvzoboiklâwzkgo xvhczo ho mvzfiolâwzkgo#

7;



Wgdbkjz vzklkqh jo dvboy, mknvyhw jf lkcnvhnfb f vbh mhlh goloxvkhl ch fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf# O

hpyfwfczhjoy gocmkybh co py÷pyko wkzf jo Mhczèwzkgo 4, xvf h wvh kcwfyîço co pyonyhbh mok

phyh bojkmkghy ow phjyöfw jhw bhzëykhw fwpoyzk}hw# “H zhyfmh fyh bowzyhy ow bfldoyfw lhcgfw

jf vb afkzo xvf mowwf hzyhfczf phyh zojh h mhbâlkh, f cço wobfczf phyh ow mçw jf mvzfiol# H

co}h lkcnvhnfb hnyhjov o pñilkgo‒, hmkybh Wgdbkjz#

Ow aonow ftkikjow co Mhczèwzkgo wço jhw yojhjhw jh wëykf H jo Ghbpfochzo Iyhwklfkyo jf

Mvzfiol# Gocwkjfyhjh h gobpfzkîço bhkw kbpoyzhczf jo phâw, o zoycfko yfñcf 90 fxvkpfw jo

Iyhwkl# Oynhckqhjo pflh Gocmfjfyhîço Iyhwklfkyh jf Mvzfiol $GIM+, o “iyhwklfkyço‒ gobo

zhbiëb ë gocdfgkjo, pyfbkh o pykbfkyo lvnhy f powwkiklkzh o hgfwwo ho ghbpfço, }kgf, zfygfkyo

f xvhyzo gologhjow h vbh }hnh ch Goph Whczhcjfy Lkifyzhjoyfw jo hco wfnvkczf# Wf hlnvb $w+jow xvhzyo pykbfkyow gologhjow aè zk}fyfb wkjo ghbpföfw ch Goph jo Iyhwkl, Wvl"Hbfykghch

ov hzë bfwbo ch Lkifyzhjoyfw jhxvflf hco, hw }hnhw wfyço pyffcgdkjhw pflow glvifw xvf

fwzk}fyfb ch wfxvácgkh jh zhiflh hzë gobplfzhy h xvhyzh }hnh# Ow xvhzyo ñlzkbow gologhjow

wço yfihkthjow phyh h wëykf I jo ghbpfochzo#

:#7 Hcèlkwf jfwgykzk}h

Ho kckgkhy hw bhzëykhw, Wgdbkjz hphyfgf fb pykbfkyo plhco co fwzñjko jo Mhczèwzkgo, xvf ë

gobpowzo hpfchw poy vb ihcfy gob o lfzyfkyo jo pyonyhbh xvf mkgh fb bo}kbfczo jvyhczf

wvhw ftkikîöfw# Hw jfbhkw hphykîöfw jo aoychlkwzh zhbiëb hgoczfgfb co

jk}fywkmkghcjo o plhco# Wgdbkjz opzh poy vb mknvykco bhkw fwpoyzk}o gob yovphw ghwvhkw#

Co pykbfkyo pyonyhbh hchlkwhjo, jkh 0;/06/9080, Wgdbkjz kckgkh h fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf

hpyfwfczhcjo o aono fczyf Hzlëzkgo Bkcfkyo f ]hwgo1 “Gobfîov o ghbpfochzo Iyhwklfkyo, f o]hwgo }olzov à pykbfkyh jk}kwço pfyjfcjo pyo Nhlo‒# Hp÷w gdhbhy o }âjfo gob h phyzkjh, o

hpyfwfczhjoy hphyfgf bhkw xvhzyo }fqfw ch pyonyhbhîço, yfhlkqhcjo hpfchw h

kczfy}fcîöfw fczyf vb aono f ovzyo# Fwwhw hphykîöfw wfy}fb phyh kczfyghlhy zojhw hw bhzëykhw,

gobplfzhy hlnvbhw kcmoybhîöfw xvf cço moyhb gkzhjhw fb omm f cço jfkthy h fjkzoykh zço

boc÷zoch#

Cow pyonyhbhw hchlkwhjow, dov}f gobo gykzëyko phyh kckgkhy h fjkzoykh gob ow aonow jo

Goykczdkhcw, lâjfy jo Ghbpfochzo Iyhwklfkyo hzë h jhzh mkchl jh hcèlkwf# Gob ftgfîço jo

4 dzzp1//mhczhwzkgo#nloio#gob/Aoychlkwbo/MHCZ/0,,86=86,00#dzbl

:0



pykbfkyo pyonyhbh, jkh 0;/06/9080, xvf zf}f gobo hifyzvyh o aono jh fxvkpf jo ]hwgo, zkbf

zyhjkgkochl jo Yko jf Ahcfkyo, xvf dh}kh gocxvkwzhjo h wëykf I jo iyhwklfkyço f yfzoychjo à

wëykf H fwzf hco# Wgdbkjz hmkybh co wkzf jo Mhczèwzkgo ; xvf cço ftkwzfb gykzëykow

fwzhiflfgkjow phyh h fwgoldh jh oyjfb mkth jf ftkikîço jhw phyzkjhw# “C÷w zfbow h lkifyjhjf,

poy ftfbplo, phyh gobfîhy gob o mhzo bhkw gvykowo fb }fq jf jhy lono o aono bhkw

kbpoyzhczf‒#

Bñwkghw, hckbhîöfw f yfplh{w jow lhcgfw wço ihwzhczf ftployhjow co pyonyhbh# O vwo jh

wocoplhwzkh, co ghwo, ihgenyovcj ov o IN gobo ë gocdfgkjo, zoych h bhzëykh bhkw fbozk}h f

hnyhjè}fl phyh o zflfwpfgzhjoy# Ch wfnvcjh fjkîço hchlkwhjh, jkh 8=/06/9080, Wgdbkjz ftkif

ow lhcgfw jo aono fczyf Nyábko f Goykczdkhcw f phyh klvwzyhy hw pkoyfw aonhjhw jo BhvyoMfychcjfw, hzlfzh jo zkbf nhñgdo, vb IN kcwzyvbfczhl gob zoxvfw lfczow f wvh}fw xvf

yfbfzfb h zykwzfqh mok vzklkqhjo ch bhzëykh# Hlëb jf cço zfy aonhjo ifb, Bhvyo Mfychcjfw

hghiov bhgdvghcjo ow jokw iyhîow cfwwh phyzkjh f phyh yfpyfwfczhy o “hqhy‒ xvf o aonhjoy

zf}f, vbh cv}fb gob gdv}hw f vb mvcjo pyfzo mok boczhcjo fb gkbh jh ghifîh jo hzlfzh# H

hyzf nyèmkgh yfpyojvqkv fwwf mhlzh jf woyzf xvf o aonhjoy zf}f f o py÷pyko Wgdbkjz mhlov

jvyhczf h bhzëykh# “Cço fyh o jkh jflf# Dh}kh vbh cv}fb cfnyh woiyf h ghifîh jf Bèyko

Mfychcjfw‒# Hkcjh cfwwf aono, zhbiëb dov}f ovzyo bobfczo xvf o IN mok vzklkqhjo# Jvyhczfo lhcgf jo nol jo Goykczdkhcw o qhnvfkyo jo Nyábko, Iyvco Golhwwo, hghiov mhldhcjo f

jfktov o hzhghczf Wovqh lk}yf phyh bhyghy# Hlëb jf yfpfzky o lhcgf, Wgdbkjz fcmhzkqh h

jfgfpîço jo nolfkyo ch aonhjh f h bfwbh zykldh kcwzyvbfczhl zoycov o lhcgf bhkw fbozk}o#

ZHJFV WGDBKJZ1 Iyvco Golhwwo ghkv, zfczov zkyhy jf bhygdh"yë f o Wovqh xvf zh}hhlk cfb hgyfjkzov xvf kh wfy zço mègkl# Wovqh, 9 h 0 Goykczdkhcw# Yfphyh ch oldhjkcdhjo nolfkyo ]âzoy phyh o Iyvco Golhwwo# O Wovqh gobfboyov hzë bfko wfb nyhîh#

Hpfwhy jow yfwvlzhjow jow aonow wfyfb o flfbfczo bhkw kbpoyzhczf f hnvhyjhjo pflow

zflfwpfgzhjoyfw, Wgdbkjz gocwfnvf phvzhy hw yfpoyzhnfcw h phyzky jf bobfczow cço mhgzvhkw#

Co aono fczyf Gyvqfkyo f H}hâ, pyonyhbh ftkikjo co jkh 8=/06/9080 jokw aonhjoyfw mkghb

pyfwow pflhw gdvzfkyhw hp÷w jk}kjkyfb h iolh fb vbh aonhjh# Ë hzyh}ëw jfwwf mhzo gvykowo,

jkmfyfczf f kcvwkzhjo xvf o hpyfwfczhjoy kckgkh h bhzëykh#

ZHJFV WGDBKJZ1 Co Bkcfkyço, Lfochyjo Wkl}h jo Gyvqfkyo f Jh}k jo H}hâ fbyozh jf golkwço pyh jk}kjky h iolh, f mkghyhb pyfwow pflhw gdvzfkyhw# Kwwo }ogá cvcgh

zkcdh }kwzo# Zyh}h jf vbh gob o ghjhyîo jh ovzyh f ow jokw pyfwow pflh gdvzfkyh#

; dzzp1//mhczhwzkgo#nloio#gob/Aoychlkwbo/MHCZ/0,,86=86,00#dzbl

:8



Hw chyyhîöfw wço mkchlkqhjhw gob h glhwwkmkghîço jh zhiflh xvf ë hpyfwfczhjh poy vbh hyzf

fwpfgâmkgh# Zhjfv Wgdbkjz hpyfwfczh hw powkîöfw jow zkbfw fb vbh wkbvlhîço jf goyykjhw,

ocjf ghjh ghyyo yfpyfwfczh vb glvif# Hlëb jf jfkthy h bhzëykh bhkw hzyhzk}h, h vzklkqhîço jf

yfgvywow nyèmkgow zhbiëb zoych hw kcmoybhîöfw cvbëykghw bhkw mègfkw jf

gobpyffcjkjhw, gobo yfmoyîhb Ikwzhcf f Ihgfllhy $900=+# Ow nyèmkgow, zhiflhw, yhcekcnw,

xvhjyow, zhyahw f gfcèykow }kyzvhkw mhgklkzhb zhbiëb h }kwvhlkqhîço jo zflfwpfgzhjoy, ghwo h

bhzëykh goczfcdh bvkzow cñbfyow# Cfwwf ghwo, gobo ë ftkikjh h powkîço fb xvf hw 90

fxvkpfw jo Ghbpfochzo Iyhwklfkyo ogvphb chxvflf bobfczo, ow yfgvywow nyèmkgow zoychb h

zhiflh jf glhwwkmkghîço, yfpyfwfczhjh poy ghyyow, bhkw kczfyfwwhczf, }kwvhlbfczf bhkw iockzh,

jkcébkgh f hzë bfwbo fcnyhîhjh#

:#7#8 Gocwzyvîço jh opkckço f pyomkwwkochlkwbo co aoychlkwbo fwpoyzk}o

H fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf jo Mhczèwzkgo ftkif ow yfwvlzhjow jf zojow ow aonow yfhlkqhjow co

jobkcno# Phyh bowzyhy ho zflfwpfgzhjoy hw phyzkjhw jf moybh jkmfyfczf jo xvf aè mok

hpyfwfczhjo, o pyonyhbh lkjh gob h pyojvîço jf bhzëykhw kcmoybhzk}hw, gykhzk}hw, jk}fyzkjhw f

gykzfykowhw# Fwwhw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw yfmoyîhb h hmkybhîço jf ]klhw Iohw $8;;=+ jo xvf ë

cfgfwwèyko phyh wf gocxvkwzhy o pñilkgo jf pyonyhbhw co moybhzo jf yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh# Oaoychlkwbo fwpoyzk}o ftknf xvf hw hpyfwfczhîöfw wfahb mfkzhw gob fboîço# Poy wfy vb fwpoyzf

gocwkjfyhjo gobo h phktço jo iyhwklfkyo, o zoygfjoy fwpfyh xvf hw yfpoyzhnfcw hgyfwgfczfb

hxvklo xvf o zflfwpfgzhjoy hkcjh cço whif f cço }kv, f xvf yfp÷yzfy wfah kbphygkhl f oiafzk}o#

Poy wfy o pyojvzoy, fjkzoy f hpyfwfczhjoy jh fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzfw, Wgdbkjz gvbpyf h mvcîço jf

wfy o aoychlkwzh, hpyfwfczhjoy f gobfczhykwzh jfczyo jo moybhzo pyopowzo pflo pyonyhbh# Hlëb

jf kcmoybhy f yfhlkqhy hw kczfy}fcîöfw cfgfwwèykhw, o pyomkwwkochl zfb h lkifyjhjf jf opkchy,gob mvcjhbfczow wvwzfczhjow poy zëgckghw, yfnyhw jo fwpoyzf f avâqow jf }hloy#

Gobo hpyfwfczhjoy Wgdbkjz hphyfgf co }âjfo co kcâgko jhw yfpoyzhnfcw, phyh hcvcgkhy h

pykbfkyh bhzëykh f yfhlkqh hlnvbhw kczfy}fcîöfw cow kczfy}hlow fczyf hw jfbhkw yfpoyzhnfcw#

Ho }k}o, Wgdbkjz zyhcwphyfgf wfnvyhcîh, jobâcko jo hwwvczo f mhlh jf bhcfkyh ftpyfwwk}h f

glhyh, wviwâjkow kcjkwpfcwè}fkw phyh o pyomkwwkochl, wfnvcjo Ihyifkyo f Yhcnfl $900=+#

Jvyhczf o pfyâojo hchlkwhjo, Wgdbkjz hphyfgf fb zojow ow pyonyhbhw wfnvyhcjo vbh moldh

chw bçow, xvf hphyfczfbfczf goczfb o wgykpz jo pyonyhbh f jhjow xvf pojfyço hvtklkè"lo

jvyhczf h fjkzoykh# Hpfwhy jf cço vzklkqhy hw kcmoybhîöfw, fwwf bhzfykhl ë gobvb phyh ow

:9



pyomkwwkochkw xvf zyhihldhb ch zflf}kwço# O hpyfwfczhjoy zhbiëb nfwzkgvlh ihwzhczf f zfczh

yfpyfwfczhy hzyh}ëw jf bo}kbfczow f ftpyfwwöfw mhgkhkw o xvf flf aè jkq poy bfko jhw phlh}yhw#

Jvyhczf o pyonyhbh ftkikjo co jkh 8=/80/9080, hp÷w bowzyhy ow lhcgfw jh phyzkjh fczyf

Nyábko f Goykczdkhcw, Wgdbkjz kcmoybh fb vbh cozh wfgh h wkzvhîço jo aonhjoy jo zkbf

nhñgdo xvf wf bhgdvgov co aono# “Wfnvcjo o Nyábko, o aonhjoy Bèyko Mfychcjfw, xvf

bhgdvgov o iyhîo, fwzè moyh jo aono goczyh o Whczow, xvhyzh"mfkyh, pflh wfbkmkchl jh Goph jo

Iyhwkl# Ioh woyzf, Bèyko Mfychcjfw‒, gobfczh o hpyfwfczhjoy nfwzkgvlhcjo ihwzhczf ho }k}o co

fwzñjko# Wgdbkjz lf}h àw bçow hzë o obiyo, loghl xvf o aonhjoy womyfv h goczvwço, f wkbvlh o

nfwzo jf hifcîohy o aonhjoy ho jfwfaè"lo ioh woyzf, gob vb zkbiyf jf }oq bhkw moyzf# Cfwwf

bobfczo, Wgdbkjz kncoyh ow zfybow zëgckgow jo fwpoyzf f dvbhchbfczf wf gobo}f gob hwkzvhîço jo aonhjoy# Powzvyh xvf gobpyo}h h lkifyjhjf xvf o hpyfwfczhjoy powwvk co moybhzo

pyopowzo pflo Mhczèwzkgo#

Fb ovzyo bobfczo, co jkh 0;/06/9080, Wgdbkjz kckgkh h fjkzoykh mhlhcjo woiyf o aono fczyf

]hwgo f Hzlëzkgo Bkcfkyo# “Gobfîov o ghbpfochzo Iyhwklfkyo, f o ]hwgo }olzov à pykbfkyh

jk}kwço pfyjfcjo pyo Nhlo‒, mhlh o hpyfwfczhjoy ho }k}o co fwzñjko# Gob o zkbiyf jf }oq

hlfnyf f fczvwkhwbhjo Wgdbkjz zhbiëb vzklkqh ihwzhczfw nfwzow phyh wf ftpyfwwhy xvhcjopyocvcgkh hlnvbhw phlh}yhw, hlëb jf hlzfyhy o ykzbo f h wvh}kjhjf jh }oq jvyhczf wfv

gobfczèyko# Jvyhczf o pyonyhbh, hw ftpyfwwöfw goypoyhkw, hgobphcdhjhw jo zftzo goloxvkhl f

jh logvîço, wço moybhw jf Wgdbkjz kczfyhnky gob o pñilkgo f xvf pfybkzf xvf h wvh

hpyfwfczhîço cço wfah zço moybhl#

Ch pykbfkyh yfpoyzhnfb jo jkh 0;/06/9080, o hpyfwfczhjoy gobfczh h phyzkjh fczyf Hzlëzkgo

Bkcfkyo f ]hwgo opkchcjo woiyf hlnvbhw aonhjhw jo hzhghczf jo zkbf jf Iflo Doykqoczf,Jkfno Zhyjfllk# Wgdbkjz gobfîh h yfpoyzhnfb flonkhcjo ow lhcgfw xvf o hzlfzh gykov f xvf

yfwvlzhyhb ch }kz÷ykh jh fxvkpf hzlfzkghch# “O Jkfno Zhyjfllk zh}h gob zvjo# Pykbfkyo mok h

hyyhcghjh, o kcâgko jo lhcgf xvf zfybkcov fb vb nol jo Ykghyjkcdo# F xvhcjo }fko o zkyo jf

bfzh h iolh woiyov phyh o Jkfno mhqfy vbh aonhjh phyh flf bfwbo mhqfy o nol# Ioh, Jkfno‒,

chyyh Wgdbkjz fb omm fcxvhczo hw kbhnfcw jo aono wço ftkikjhw# H jfwgykîço jow lhcgfw

zëgckgow cço ë opkchzk}h, pokw o zflfwpfgzhjoy gocwfnvf hgobphcdhy pflh zflf}kwço o xvf

Wgdbkjz fwzè hpyfwfczhcjo# Bhw ho gobfczhy xvf Jkfno Zhyjfllk “fwzh}h gob zvjo‒, o

hpyfwfczhjoy xvfy jfwzhghy phyh o zflfwpfgzhjoy xvf cço hgobphcdov o aono gobo h

pfymoybhcgf jo hzlfzh mok jkmfyfcgkhjh ch phyzkjh# Cfwwf bfwbo aono o hpyfwfczhjoy zhbiëb

:7



flonkh Mflkpf Govzkcdo, bfkh jo ]hwgo# “Hnoyh vbh phvwh phyh }fy Mflkpf Govzkcdo aonhcjo#

O ]hwgo zh}h pfyjfcjo, bhw o Govzkcdo gobo jf gowzvbf, bowzyhcjo o zhlfczo xvf zfb‒,

hmkybh Wgdbkjz ftkikcjo ow jykilfw f phwwfw pfymfkzow jo bfkh# Jh bfwbh bhcfkyh, Wgdbkjz

jfwgyf}f fb omm h aonhjh hpfchw h phyzky jh zëgckgh yfhlkqhjh poy Mflkpf Govzkcdo# Aè “zhlfczo‒

ftplâgkzo jvyhczf h mhlh jo hpyfwfczhjoy ë vb zfybo opkchzk}o xvf Wgdbkjz vzklkqh phyh

jfwzhghy h dhiklkjhjf jo hzlfzh# Hw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw hzykivâjhw how aonhjoyfw wço mvcjhbfczhjhw

chw ftkikîöfw xvf ow hzlfzhw hpyfwfczhyhb cfwwf aono, poy zfyfb wkjo kbpoyzhczfw phyh ghjh

zkbf, bhw ho bfwbo zfbpo co jfwzhxvf jfwwfw hzlfzhw fb ovzyow bobfczow# Jkfno Zhyjfllk

mok o hyzkldfkyo jo Ghbpfochzo Iyhwklfkyo fb 900; f o Mflkpf Govzkcdo zkcdh hghihjo jf wfy

pyobo}kjo ho zkbf pykcgkphl jo ]hwgo, hp÷w wf jfwzhghy chw ghzfnoykhw jf ihwf gob o iob

mvzfiol hpyfwfczhjo#

Xvhczo à opkckço jf Wgdbkjz, co pyonyhbh ftkikjo co jkh 8=/80/9080 o hpyfwfczhjoy chyyh

fb omm h bhzëykh jo aono fczyf Whczow f Gfhyè f gobfczh woiyf h bhyghîço kyyfnvlhy jf vb

páchlzk h mh}oy jo zkbf phvlkwzh f h goiyhcîh jo hzhghczf Cf{bhy# Wgdbkjz gobpyo}h o fyyo

jh hyikzyhnfb gob h yfpfzkîço jo lhcgf fb gébfyh lfczh f fb }èykow écnvlow jkmfyfczfw f

mvcjhbfczh h kyyfnvlhykjhjf h phyzky jh yfnyh jo mvzfiol# Fbioyh o hpyfwfczhjoy cço ftplkxvf

fwwh yfnyh $h pvckîço jo avkq jkhczf jh mhlzh gobfzkjh poy vb aonhjoy jo zkbf xvf jfmfcjf fbgkbh jo aonhjoy xvf hzhgh ch nyhcjf èyfh, xvf yfwvlzh fb vb gdvzf lk}yf jkyfzo h wfy

jfmfcjkjo hpfchw pflo nolfkyo+, o wfv gobfczèyko ë avwzkmkghjo h phyzky jhw kbhnfcw xvf

gobpyo}hb xvf o hzhghczf Cf{bhy cço mok jfyyvihjo pflo hj}fywèyko, wkbvlhcjo vbh mhlzh#

O hpyfwfczhjoy zhbiëb gykzkgh o vwo jh “phyhjkcdh‒ $zëgckgh vzklkqhjh pflo aonhjoy phyh

wkbvlhy vb gdvzf, gob o kczvkzo jf fcnhchy o nolfkyo f wf ifcfmkgkhy phyh gdvzhy fb wfnvkjh

co lhjo goczyèyko xvf o nolfkyo fwgoldfv+ mfkzh pflo hzhghczf jo Whczow# “Cf{bhy kc}hjkv h

èyfh, Mhiyâgko mok pyh gkbh jflf f o avkq bhygov páchlzk# Cço mok, cë, bhw o avkq bhygov#Cf{bhy ch goiyhcîh, gob phyhjkcdh yfbkt# Flf mfq vbh phyhjkcdh yfbkt f fbphzov o aono#

Fwwh phyhjkcdh ë jfbhkw, cë?‒, hynvbfczh o hpyfwfczhjoy fb zob jf jfiogdf ho bowzyhy xvf

o hzhghczf jo Whczow fcnhcov o nolfkyo jo Gfhyè poy jvhw }fqfw hzë jfgkjky phyh xvhl lhjo

gdvzhy# Cfwwf ghwo, Wgdbkjz avwzkmkgh xvf o aonhjoy jo Whczow fthnfyov ch “phyhjkcdh‒, o xvf

zoych phyh o hpyfwfczhjoy, jfwlfhl h gdhcgf jf o nolfkyo jfmfcjfy o páchlzk# Hpfwhy jf Wgdbkjz

zfy wkjo kcgkwk}o xvhczo à “phyhjkcdh‒, kyockqhcjo o aonhjoy, fwwh zëgckgh cço kcmykcnkh h yfnyh

jo mvzfiol chxvflh ëpogh $fb jf avcdo jf 9080 h MKMH, Mfjfyhîço Kczfychgkochl jo Mvzfiol

Hwwogkhjo pyokikykh o lhcgf+, bhw jk}kjkh opkcköfw fczyf zoygfjoyfw, aoychlkwzhw f hzë bfwbow

aonhjoyfw# Gobo o hpyfwfczhjoy cço jkwgvzkv zhczo h kyyfnvlhykjhjf jo páchlzk, bhw wkb h

::



zëgckgh vzklkqhjh poy Cf{bhy phyh goiyhy h pfchlkjhjf bètkbh, Wgdbkjz hpyfwfczh ch fjkzoykh

fwpoyzk}h hw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw xvf fwzço pyfwfczfw co moybhzo jf pyonyhbh jf yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh,

xvf ë omfyfgfy vb goczfñjo jkmfyfczf jo xvf aè mok jk}vlnhjo poy ovzyow }fâgvlow# Gobo o

aono aè hgoczfgfv f o lhcgf jo páchlzk mok vb hwwvczo gobfczhcjo jvyhczf h zyhcwbkwwço jh

phyzkjh, h “phyhjkcdh‒ fyh zfbh polábkgo h wfy bhkw jkwgvzkjo hp÷w o fcgfyyhbfczo jo aono#

Fb ovzyo bobfczo, Wgdbkjz vzklkqh yfgvywow nyèmkgow ch py÷pykh kbhnfb jo aono phyh opkchy

woiyf h bhyghîço goyyfzh jo èyikzyo woiyf o kbpfjkbfczo jo nol jo hzhghczf jo Kczfychgkochl,

Lfhcjyo Jhbkço, ch phyzkjh goczyh o Gyvqfkyo# “O nol jf fbphzf $jo Kczfychgkochl+ whkykh co

wfnvcjo zfbpo gob Lfhcjyo Jhbkço# O ihcjfkykcdh Ëbfywoc jf Ghy}hldo

kbpfjkbfczo ch doyh# Goyyfzo# Phyhiëcw Ëbfywoc(‒, hmkybh o hpyfwfczhjoy vzklkqhcjo hkcwfyîço nyèmkgh jh lkcdh jf kbpfjkbfczo, yfgvywo xvf }kwvhlkqh wf o aonhjoy jo zkbf fb

hzhxvf fwzh}h à myfczf jo ñlzkbo aonhjoy jo zkbf xvf jfmfcjf $ftgfzo o nolfkyo+, fb gkbh jo

lhcgf# Hzyh}ëw jfwwh lkcdh, Wgdbkjz ë zhthzk}o fb wfv gobfczèyko gobpyo}hcjo h kcmyhîço jo

aonhjoy f vzklkqh vbh lkcnvhnfb goloxvkhl ihwfhjh fb zfybow zëgckgow phyh wfy opkchzk}o

xvhczo ho hgfyzo jh hyikzyhnfb#

Xvhczo à pyfwfcîh jhw zyáw ghzfnoykhw jo aoychlkwbo $kcmoybhzk}o, opkchzk}o f jk}fywkochl+hpyfwfczhjhw poy Bflo $8;46+ co jkwgvywo hvjko}kwvhl jh fjkzoykh jf fwpo

ftfbplkmkghjo h bhzëykh jo aono fczyf Kczfychgkochl f Hzlëzkgo Phyhchfcwf, ftkikjo co jkh

70/06/9080# Fb vb lhcgf hzâpkgo jo mvzfiol jokw aonhjoyfw jo Kczfychgkochl, ^hlzfy f

Hlfgwhcjyo, fcgowzhyhb ho bfwbo zfbpo ch iolh, hczfw jflh fczyhy phyh o nol# Wgdbkjz

chyyov fb omm o hgoczfgkbfczo, f ftkikv o lhcgf }èykhw }fqfw fb gébfyh lfczh f fb jk}fywow

écnvlow, bhw cço gocwfnvkv }kwvhlkqhy xvfb mok hzlfzh xvf gdvzov poy ñlzkbo ch iolh,

gobfczhcjo xvf o nol jf}fykh wfy jvplo# “Fv goczkcvo hgdhcjo xvf mok jk}kjkjo, bhw o avkqjfv o nol phyh o Hlfgwhcjyo‒, jkwwf o hpyfwfczhjoy fb zob fwglhyfgfjoy ho mhlhy jo wfv

avlnhbfczo, f jfgfpgkochjo ho gobfczhy h hzkzvjf jo èyikzyo# Bfwbo ftplkgkzhcjo h wvh

opkckço jkhczf jo lhcgf, pojf"wf pfygfify xvf Wgdbkjz }hloykqov h aonhjh poy flh wfy kcvwkzhjh

co mvzfiol f zhbiëb pflh jkmkgvljhjf fb jfgkjky xvfb dh}kh bhyghjo o nol# H powzvyh

hjozhjh poy Wgdbkjz ho hmkybhy xvf o nol jf}fykh wfy jk}kjkjo fczyf ow jokw aonhjoyfw wf zoych

gúbkgh, pokw co mvzfiol kwwo cço ë powwâ}fl, f ho bfwbo zfbpo ë vbh moybh jf wfy kbphygkhl

aè xvf o lhcgf mok vb povgo gobplfto#

:6



Fb ovzyo bobfczo, hw zyáw ghzfnoykhw jo aoychlkwbo hphyfgfb ch fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf co

pyonyhbh ftkikjo co jkh 0;/06/9080# Wgdbkjz hpyfwfczh o aono fczyf Mlhbfcno f Wço Phvlo,

ow jokw ñlzkbow ghbpföfw jo iyhwklfkyço fb 900; f 9004, yfwpfgzk}hbfczf# O hwwvczo ë

ihwzhczf kcmoybhzk}o jf}kjo à kbpoyzécgkh jo aono xvf yfñcf ow ñlzkbow ghbpföfw iyhwklfkyow

lono ch hifyzvyh jo Ghbpfochzo# Co fwzñjko, o hpyfwfczhjoy gdhbh h bhzëykh }hloykqhcjo h

phyzkjh hzyh}ëw jo zftzo, jh chyyhîço, jo zkbiyf jf }oq f gob h wkbvlhîço jf nfwzow jf

knvhljhjf# “Ow jokw ñlzkbow ghbpföfw iyhwklfkyow wf fcmyfczhyhb fb vb aono jf fxvklâiyko‒#

Jvyhczf h chyyhîço fb omm , Wgdbkjz hpyfwfczh ow lhcgfw jh phyzkjh gobphyhcjo hw

opoyzvckjhjfw xvf ow zkbfw zk}fyhb jvyhczf h phyzkjh# Ho gobfczhy hw aonhjhw jf ghjh zkbf h

phyzky jhw kbhnfcw, Wgdbkjz hpyfwfczh vbh hioyjhnfb jkmfyfczf woiyf o fxvklâiyko jh phyzkjh

ho bowzyhy fb moybh gobphyhzk}h $vb lhcgf jf ghjh fxvkpf fb wfxvácgkh+ gobo ow jokwglvifw zk}fyhb opoyzvckjhjfw wfbfldhczfw ho locno jo aono# Hlëb jf kc

zflfwpfgzhjoy woiyf o yfwvlzhjo jo aono, Wgdbkjz chyyh vb zftzo goloxvkhl f vzklkqh gobo IN

vbh zykldh wocoyh jf wvwpfcwf jvyhczf h bhzëykh

O xvf vb zkbf mfq o ovzyo mfq zhbiëb# Mhlzh pfyknowh1 Pfz Uaonhjoy jo MlhbfcnoRihzfv, mkgov oldhcjo, bhw h iolh cço fczyov# Yonëyko Gfck Unolfkyo jo Wço PhvloRcvcgh zkcdh mfkzo vb nol co Bhyhghcç f xvhwf mok doaf# Bhw ow zkbfw gocwfnvkyhbmhqfy nolw f phwwfw xvf moyhb kczfyfwwhczfw# Jf ghifîh o Ykgdhyl{woc gykov h

opoyzvckjhjf, o Bhygflkcdo Phyhâih gyvqov f o ^hwdkcnzoc Uaonhjoyfw jo Wço PhvloRmfq o nol fwgoyyfnhcjo# 8 h 0 Wço Phvlo# Bhw phwwf iockzo bfwbo mok jo BhkgocUaonhjoy jo MlhbfcnoR# Vb lhcîhbfczo fwpfzhgvlhy f jfktov o Jfckw Bhyxvfwwoqkcdo gob Yonëyko Gfck# F o Jfckw Bhyxvfw cço jfwpfyjkîov# 8 h 8# O ñckgo lhcgfxvf o Wço Phvllo cço gocwfnvkv yfpfzky mok o xvhwf nol olâbpkgo jo Pfz, oldh# Bhw cowxvfwkzow nolw pfyjkjow, poy ftfbplo# O ^hwdkcnzoc jfwpfyjkîov vbh gdhcgf ÷zkbh# Fo Elëifywoc Uaonhjoy jo MlhbfcnoR vbh bfldoy hkcjh# F co ñlzkbo xvfwkzo xvhwfnolw co mkchlqkcdo1 how :7 jo wfnvcjo zfbpo F}fyzoc Wkl}h Uaonhjoy jo MlhbfcnoRPhwwov pflo lhjo# How :6 o Bhylow Uaonhjoy jo Wço PhvloR kh mhqfy, bhw o Jfk}kjUaonhjoy jo MlhbfcnoR, whl}ov xvhcjo h iolh aè zkcdh phwwhjo pflo nolfkyo Iyvco#Gob zhczo fxvklâiyko h l÷nkgh fyh fwwh# Plhghy1 Mlhbfcno 8 t 8 Wço Phvlo#

Pfygfif"wf xvf ch bhzëykh jo aono fczyf Mlhbfcno f Wço Phvlo, Wgdbkjz hpyfwfczh co}hwkcmoybhîöfw zhczo phyh o zflfwpfgzhjoy xvf cço whif chjh woiyf h phyzkjh, gobo phyh hxvflf

xvf hgobphcdov h zyhcwbkwwço jo aono# O aoychlkwbo kcmoybhzk}o hphyfgf gob fwwf

pyop÷wkzo, xvf ë pfgvlkhy ho pyonyhbh co moybhzo jf yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh, jf hpyfwfczhy o zfbh

pykcgkphl h phyzky jf vb écnvlo jkmfyfczf# O zyhzhbfczo jfwwh kcmoybhîço pojf wfy hwwogkhjo

àw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jo aoychlkwbo jk}fywkochl gob h kczfcîço jf omfyfgfy ho zflfwpfgzhjoy

zoygfjoy f o gobvb o fczyfzfckbfczo jh fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf# Aè ow hjafzk}ow f gobfczèykow

opkchzk}ow zhbiëb pyfwfczfw jvyhczf h bhzëykh, bfwglhb o aoychlkwbo opkchzk}o ihwfhjo chwzëgckghw jo mvzfiol f co py÷pyko avâqo jf }hloy xvf Wgdbkj zfb h lkifyjhjf jf ftpyfwwhy#

:=



:#7#9 Zftzo mhlhjo f hw mknvyhw jf lkcnvhnfb

H phyzky jh hcèlkwf jo bhzfykhl fbpâykgo, ë powwâ}fl pfygfify gobo o zftzo mhlhjo poy Wgdbkjz

ë bvkzo py÷tkbo ho goloxvkhl# O hpyfwfczhjoy cço jfwgocwkjfyh h gocgoyjécgkh }fyihl,

goczvjo hpyfwfczh vbh lkcnvhnfb mhlhjh gob phlh}yhw bvkzo wkbklhyfw ho jo zflfwpfgzhjoy f

hzë bfwbo fwxvfgfcjo"wf jf hlnvbhw yfnyhw nyhbhzkghkw# Hpfwhy jf cço oifjfgfy hlnvbhw

yfnyhw jh nyhbèzkgh, o fbpyfno jh mhlh goloxvkhl cço pyfavjkgh o fczfcjkbfczo jh kcmoybhîço

phyh o pñilkgo#

Co pyonyhbh ftkikjo co jkh 8=/06/9080, Zhjfv Wgdbkjz hpyfwfczh o yfwvlzhjo jh phyzkjhfczyf Nokèw f Kczfychgkochl f mhlh gob vb zftzo zço py÷tkbo ho goloxvkhl xvf vzklkqh hw

phlh}yhw pyo f zh}h cow lvnhyfw jf phyh o f fwzh}h, yfwpfgzk}hbfczf# “Páchlzk pyo Kczfy f

^hlzfy ch goiyhcîh# F aè bhcjov h zyhvlkzhjh# F xvhcjo h aonhjkcdh zh}h hlk pfyzo jh èyfh, hâ ë

o xvf ^hlzfy gdvzov moyzf bfwbo#‒

Fb ovzyo bobfczo, Wgdbkjz zhbiëb kncoyh hw yfnyhw nyhbhzkghkw f fbpyfnh phlh}yhw

goloxvkhkw# Co xvhyzo pyonyhbh hchlkwhjo, ftkikjo co jkh 70/06/9080, Wgdbkjz gobfczh o

aono fczyf Kczfychgkochl f Hzlëzkgo Phyhchfcwf f vzklkqh hw phlh}yhw jfv, ho kc}ëw jf mfq h, f

zvybh, co lvnhy jf aonhjoyfw# “O Kczfychgkochl jfv h bhkoy nolfhjh jh yojhjh f h zvybh zh}h

iyknhcjo pyh }fy xvfb mhqkh nol‒#

H phyzky jfwwfw ftfbplow pfygfif"wf h kczfcîço fb hpyotkbhy o zftzo mhlhjo hpyfwfczhjo poy

Wgdbkjz ho }oghivlèyko goloxvkhl vzklkqhjo kcmoybhlbfczf ch wogkfjhjf# Wfnvcjo Lhnf

$9009+ f Gofldo $900=+, h fwgoldh jfwwf fwzklo nhyhczf xvf o pñilkgo gocwknh fczfcjfy f wf

ftpyfwwhy gob bhkoy mhgklkjhjf gob o zftzo goloxvkhl kcjfpfcjfczf jh moybhîço fwgolhy jf

xvfb o fwgvzh# Hlëb jf zoychy bhkw mègkl h gobpyffcwço jo goczfñjo hpyfwfczhjo, o zftzo

goloxvkhl zyhcwbkzf h kjfkh jf vbh bhkoy hpyotkbhîço fczyf Wgdbkjz f o zflfwpfgzhjoy, xvf

hghih hwwkbklhcjo bfldoy h mhlh jo hpyfwfczhjoy ho wfv }oghivlèyko gozkjkhco#

Hlëb jh kbpoyzécgkh jo zftzo goloxvkhl phyh o bfldoy fczfcjkbfczo jow zflfwpfgzhjoyfw,

Wgdbkjz fbpyfnh hw ftpyfwwöfw jh bojh, hw “nâykhw‒# O vwo jfwwhw ftpyfwwöfw ë }kwzh jf

moybh cfnhzk}h poy Ihyifkyo f Yhcnfl $900=+ co aoychlkwbo fwpoyzk}o, bhw ë hgfkzè}fl poy

]klhw Iohw $8;;=+ fb pyonyhbh co moybhzo jf yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh# Ch pyonyhbhîço hchlkwhjh ë

:>



powwâ}fl pfygfify xvf h lkcnvhnfb mhlhjh ë oiafzk}h f jf mègkl gobpyffcwço, goczvjo Wgdbkjz

vzklkqh hlnvbhw nâykhw phyh zoychy o zftzo hkcjh bhkw goloxvkhl# CoMhczèwzkgo jo jkh

0;/06/9080, o hpyfwfczhjoy wf yfmfykv à }kz÷ykh jf 9 h 8 jo Goykczdkhcw jkhczf jo Hzlëzkgo

Phyhchfcwf jh wfnvkczf bhcfkyh1 “O Goykczdkhcw gobfîov o ghbpfochzo ch bhkoy pyfwwço‒# O

vwo jh ftpyfwwço “bhkoy pyfwwço‒ jfkth glhyo zhczo phyh o pñilkgo xvf fczfcjf jf mvzfiol,

gobo o zflfwpfgzhjoy gobvb, xvf h fxvkpf phvlkwzh kckgkov o Ghbpfochzo Iyhwklfkyço

aonhcjo ifb f }fcgfcjo o hj}fywèyko#

Fb ovzyo bobfczo, co pyonyhbh ftkikjo co jkh 97/06/9080, mok fbpyfnhjh h bfwbh

ftpyfwwço co aono fczyf o Goykczdkhcw f Mlvbkcfcwf# Wgdbkjz hpyfwfczh o aono gob hw

wfnvkczfw phlh}yhw1 “Gdkgço mfq 8 h 0 pyo Goykczdkhcw f fbioyh o aono mowwf co Phghfbiv f oGoykczdkhcw lâjfy jo ghbpfochzo, mok o Mlvbkcfcwf xvf iozov pyfwwço‒# Cfwwh phyzkjh, hpfwhy

jh }kz÷ykh jo Goykczdkhcw, h fxvkpf jo Mlvbkcfcwf zf}f bhkw opoyzvckjhjfw f gdhcgfw jf

bhyghy ow nolw jvyhczf o aono# Fwpfgkmkghbfczf o vwo jfwwhw ftpyfwwöfw jf Wgdbkjz mhq phyzf

jf hlnvcw glkgdáw gobvcw jo gfcèyko fwpoyzk}o#

Ch phyzkjh fczyf Hzlëzkgo Nokhckfcwf f Nokèw, ftkikjh co jkh 70/06/9080, Wgdbkjz gobfczh h

glhwwkmkghîço jhw fxvkpfw hp÷w h xvkczh yojhjh jo Ghbpfochzo Iyhwklfkyo# “O Nokèw hnoyh zfbxvhzyo poczow f jfktov o Hzlëzkgo Nokhckfcwf ch lhczfych gob vb poczo‒# H “lhczfych‒ ë vb

ahynço jo fwpoyzf phyh wf yfmfyky ho zkbf xvf ogvph h ñlzkbh gologhîço co ghbpfochzo# Cfwwf

ghwo, hpfchw xvfb gocdfgf o wknckmkghjo jh phlh}yh phyh o gfcèyko fwpoyzk}o xvf gocwfnvkyè

fczfcjfy xvf o Hzlëzkgo Nokhckfcwf fwzh}h fb ñlzkbo lvnhy ch zhiflh jf glhwwkmkghîço#

Co pyonyhbh ftkikjo co jkh 8=/06/9080 Wgdbkjz zhbiëb vzklkqov ovzyo ahynço, hlëb jo zftzo

goloxvkhl# Ho chyyhy fb omm ow lhcgfw jh }kz÷ykh jo Wço Phvlo woiyf o Kczfychgkochl poy 9 h 0,h ftpyfwwöfw “zhiflkcdh‒ f “ihyyfkyh‒ moyhb fbpyfnhjhw phyh jfbocwzyhy o pykbfkyo nol jh

fxvkpf phvlkwzh# “Pykbfkyo o Dfychcfw iozov o Wço Phvlo ch myfczf, mok vbh fwpëgkf jf

zhiflkcdh gob h ihyyfkyh‒# H ftpyfwwço “zhiflkcdh‒ ov “mhqfy vbh zhiflh‒ ë vbh aonhjh fczyf

jokw ov bhkw aonhjoyfw xvf zyoghb phwwfw fczyf wk, fb }flogkjhjf# Aè h phlh}yh “ihyyfkyh‒ ë

vbh zëgckgh mfkzh pflow aonhjoyfw xvf mkghb fczyf h lkcdh o nol f h iolh phyh jkmkgvlzhy o gdvzf

hzë o nolfkyo# Cfwwf ftfbplo, ho yfhlkqhy h goiyhcîh jh mhlzh h iolh fcgowzov ch “ihyyfkyh‒

mfkzh pflo zkbf jo Kczfychgkochl, bhw }olzov phyh ow pëw jo Dfychcfw, xvf fb wfnvkjh gdvzov

fb jkyfîço ho nol f gocwfnvkv bhyghy o pykbfkyo jo Wço Phvlo# Hw phlh}yhw, ihwzhczfw vwvhkw

co gfcèyko fwpoyzk}o, zoychb o goczfñjo bhkw hzyhzk}o f wfy}fb gobo gobplfbfczo jvyhczf h

:4



zyhcwbkwwço jo lhcgfw# Hwwkb gobo ow ahynöfw wço chzvyhkw cço w÷ co aoychlkwbo fwpoyzk}o,

bhw fb ovzyhw fjkzoykhw, o aoychlkwbo jf yf}kwzh, zfb h lkifyjhjf jf vzklkqhy hw mknvyhw jf

lkcnvhnfb phyh zoychy o zftzo hkcjh bhkw hnyhjè}fl phyh o pñilkgo# Poy wfy vb pyonyhbh

hjfxvhjo ho moybhzo jf yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh pfygfif"wf xvf h fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzfw jo Mhczèwzkgo

fbpyfnh gocwzhczfbfczf fwwfw yfgvywow jh lâcnvh poyzvnvfwh xvf wço }kwzow powkzk}hbfczf poy

]klh Iohw $8;;=+ f Wghlqo $900:+ ch gocwzyvîço jow zftzow#

Hlëb jhw mknvyhw jf lkcnvhnfb, Wgdbkjz vzklkqh jhw hchlonkhw f jfwgykîço bkcvgkowh jf

hlnvcw jfzhldfw cço pfygfiâ}fkw jvyhczf hw goifyzvyhw aoychlâwzkghw# Co pykbfkyo pyonyhbh

hchlkwhjo, co jkh 0;/06/9080, o hpyfwfczhjoy chyyov kyockghbfczf o lhcgf jh phyzkjh fczyf o

Kczfychgkochl f Phlbfkyhw# Jvyhczf o aono, ow hzlfzhw jo zkbf nhñgdo yfglhbhyhb gob o avkqwoiyf h bhyghîço jf vb páchlzk h mh}oy jo Phlbfkyhw, nfwzkgvlhcjo f tkcnhcjo bvkzo o

èyikzyo# Wgdbkjz hpyfwfczov o mhzo jh wfnvkczf bhcfkyh1 “O ghbpfochzo bhl gobfîov f aè zfb

avkq gob h oyfldh xvfczf# ]fah o ihzf"phpo hbknè}fl jow aonhjoyfw jo Kczfychgkochl lono how

zyáw bkcvzow jh phyzkjh‒, hmkybh Wgdbkjz ho bowzyhy h fthlzhîço jow aonhjoyfw fb gkbh jo

avkq gob h phlh}yh “hbknè}fl‒ goczyhykhcjo o xvf hw kbhnfcw bowzyh}hb# Fb wfnvkjh,

jvyhczf h bfwbh chyyhîço, ow aonhjoyfw jo Kczfychgkochl yfglhbhyhb gob o ihcjfkykcdh

$ahynço phyh kjfczkmkghy o hvtklkhy jo avkq xvf goyyf chw lhzfyhkw gob vbh ihcjfkyh phyh kcjkghy hw kcmyhîöfw+ woiyf h hcvlhîço jf vb nol# Wgdbkjz bhkw vbh }fq vzklkqov h kyockh fb wfv zftzo

phyh chyyhy h jkwgvwwço jow aonhjoyfw gob o hvtklkhy f fbpyfnov phlh}yhw jf goczftzo

goczyèyko, gobo nfczklbfczf, phyh chyyhy h iyknh jow hzlfzhw jo Kczfychgkochl gob o

ihcjfkykcdh# “O nol jo Kczfy whkykh how gkcgo bkcvzow jo wfnvcjo zfbpo, bhw o ihcjfkykcdh

Fbfywoc Ghy}hldo bhygov ch doyh# O pfwwohl jo Kczfy mok lè, xvfwzkochy, nfczklbfczf h

bhyghîço‒# Jvyhczf h chyyhîço, h kyockh ë gocwzyvâjh cço hpfchw ch goczyhpowkîço pyopowkzhl

fczyf o zftzo jo hpyfwfczhjoy f hw kbhnfcw jh jkwgvwwço fczyf ow aonhjoyfw f o hvtklkhy, bhwzhbiëb ch logvîço jo Wgdbkjz f ch vzklkqhîço jf vbh bñwkgh gob wob xvf yfbfzf à

ghlbhykh phyh o IN#

Ho hpyfwfczhy h bhzëykh woiyf o aono fczyf o Hzlëzkgo Bkcfkyo f o Hzlëzkgo Phyhchfcwf

Wgdbkjz gobphyh o nolfkyo jh fxvkpf jf Iflo Doykqoczf gob vb nhzo, poy zfy yfhlkqhjo vbh

jfmfwh gob hnklkjhjf# “O Gdkgo jo Hzlëzkgo Phyhchfcwf cço gocwfnvkv mhqfy o nol poyxvf o

Bhygfl }oov gobo vb nhzo f jfmfcjfv h iolh‒# Cfwwh bfwbh phyzkjh Wgdbkjz fbpyfnh h

yfpfzkîço phyh mhlhy woiyf o nol jo Hzlëzkgo Phyhchfcwf zfy wkjo mfkzo poy vb aonhjoy xvf zfb

fb wfv cobf o hpflkjo “Bkcfkyo‒# Hlëb jf o aono wfy fczyf fxvkpfw jo bfwbo cobf, o

:;



hpyfwfczhjoy fcmhzkqh h phlh}yh “bkcfkyo‒ pyopowkzhlbfczf gob o kczvkzo jf yfwwhlzhy fwwh

gvykowkjhjf# “Bhw o mhzo ë xvf o aono jow Hzlëzkgow mok zço bkcfkyo, bhkw zço bkcfkyo, xvf

xvfb mfq o nol jo Hzlëzkgo Phyhchfcwf mok o Bkcfkyo# Iyvco Bkcfkyo#‒ O fbpyfno jfwwh

mknvyh jf lkcnvhnfb ë vbh moybh jf zoychy h kbhnfb hpyfwfczhjh f o goczfñjo xvf flh

py÷pykh ftkif kczfyfwwhczf phyh o hpyfwfczhjoy# Pfygfif"wf xvf dè vbh kczfcîço fb zoychy o

zftzo hzë bfwbo poëzkgo, hzyhzk}o f fcnyhîhjo, hlëb jf kcgkzhy h gvykowkjhjf f h hzfcîço jo

zflfwpfgzhjoy#

H mknvyh jf lkcnvhnfb yfzkgácgkh, xvf wfnvcjo Gfnhllh $900:+ gocwkwzf ch wvwpfcwço jo

pfcwhbfczo jvyhczf h oyhîço, zhbiëb hphyfgf co pyonyhbh fb pfyâojo jf hcèlkwf# Co jkh

97/80/9080 Wgdbkjz ftkif ow lhcgfw jh phyzkjh fczyf Gfhyè f ]kz÷ykh# Ho kckgkhy h bhzëykh, ohpyfwfczhjoy gobfczh fczvwkhwbhjo woiyf h kbpoyzécgkh jo aono poy wfy o glèwwkgo $ahynço

phyh jfcobkchy h phyzkjh fczyf glvifw zyhjkgkochkw f yk}hkw+ jo coyjfwzf f h xvhczkjhjf jow

zoygfjoyfw ch hyxvkihcghjh# Poyëb, h phyzkjh cço zf}f iohw aonhjhw zfgckghbfczf f ho ftkiky

fwwfw lhcgfw, Wgdbkjz kczfyyobpf hw mhlhw f pfybkzf xvf o zflfwpfgzhjoy zkyf wvhw py÷pykhw

gocglvwöfw h phyzky jhw kbhnfcw xvf wço ftkikjhw f jh zykldh wocoyh vzklkqhjh gobo IN xvf

yfbfzf à jfgfpîço#

Fb Moyzhlfqh o glèwwkgo coyjfwzkco jo Ghbpfochzo Iyhwklfkyo1 Gfhyè goczyh ]kz÷ykh#Xvhwf 90 bkl pfwwohw co fwzèjko Ghwzflço, fwpfzègvlo iockzo chw hyxvkihcghjhw fjfczyo jf ghbpo### ]fah hâ o Yhmhfl Gyvq goyyfcjo hzyèw jh iolh woqkcdo f### F oNfyhljo? H nhlfyh zfb hzë mknvykcdh jo Nfyhljo co èlivb jh wflfîço# Bhw fb ghbpopflo Gfhyè, o Nfyhljo###

H pfywockmkghîço zhbiëb mok fbpyfnhjh pflo hpyfwfczhjoy phyh mhlhy woiyf o aono fczyf o

Gyvqfkyo f Nokèw# Gob o oiafzk}o jf zfczhy pyopoygkochy }kjh f hîço h iolh, xvf ë vb oiafzo

kchckbhjo, Wgdbkjz ftpyfwwov h ftpfgzhzk}h jo aonhjoy fb bhyghy vb nol jvyhczf o zyhafzo

jh iolh hzë o nol# “O Mfychcjkcdo jo Gyvqfkyo ihzfv h mhlzh f fcxvhczo h iolh }khah}h flf

zoygkh‒, jkwwf o hpyfwfczhjoy fcxvhczo h kbhnfb jh ftpyfwwço mhgkhl jo hzlfzh gyvqfkyfcwf f o

zyhafzo jh iolh fyh ftkikjh fb gébfyh lfczh# Gobo cço ë powwâ}fl xvf vbh iolh }khaf, o

hpyfwfczhjoy vzklkqov h pfywockmkghîço phyh xvf h bhzëykh wf zoychwwf bhkw kczfcwh, f zhbiëb

bhkw hzyhzk}h phyh o zflfwpfgzhjoy#

Ovzyo ftfbplo jf pfywockmkghîço fcgoczyhjo fb pfyâojo jf hcèlkwf mok co jkh 0;/06/9080, co

aono fczyf Hzlëzkgo Bkcfkyo f ]hwgo# O aonhjoy hzlfzkghco Bvykxvk bhygov vb nol cfwwh

phyzkjh f gocgfjfv vbh fczyf}kwzh ho Mhczèwzkgo gobfczhcjo vbh iykcghjfkyh mfkzh poy Wgdbkjz# Bvykxvk gdvzov ow pèwwhyow Xvfyo Xvfyo xvf fwzh}hb co nyhbhjo fb vbh phyzkjh

60



hkcjh pflo Ghbpfochzo Bkcfkyo# Chxvflh oghwkço, o hpyfwfczhjoy gobfczov xvf hw h}fw

mhykhb vbh bhljkîço phyh xvf Bvykxvk cço bhyghwwf bhkw nolw pflo zkbf# Gobo o mhzo aè

dh}kh hgoczfgkjo ch wfbhch hczfykoy, Wgdbkjz kcmoybov ho zflfwpfgzhjoy woiyf o xvf o

aonhjoy fwzh}h mhlhcjo# “Co kcâgko jo ghbpfochzo Bvykxvk hzyopflov o Xvfyo Xvfyo# Ow

Xvfyo Xvfyow whâyhb ghikwihktow, bhw bhyghyhb vbh }kcnhcîh goczyh Bvykxvk# Hnoyh

Bvykxvk }fcgfv h bhljkîço jo Xvfyo"Xvfyo‒, gobfczh}h o hpyfwfczhjoy fcxvhczo hw kbhnfcw

jhw h}fw f hlnvbhw hckbhîöfw nyèmkghw klvwzyh}hb h chyyhîço# Hw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw hzykivâjhw how

pèwwhyow wço vb ftfbplo jh mknvyh jf lkcnvhnfb, pokw hw ftpyfwwöfw “ghikwihktow‒ f

“bhyghyhb vbh }kcnhcîh‒ moyhb vzklkqhjhw phyh pofzkqhy o bobfczo fb xvf hw h}fw moyhb

hzyopflhjhw pflo aonhjoy# Hlëb jf fbpyfnhy hw mknvyhw jf lkcnvhnfb phyh jkmfyfcgkhy o zftzo

mhlhjo, Wgdbkjz zhbiëb wf pyfogvph fb wkzvhy o zflfwpfgzhjoy woiyf o mhzo xvf aè dh}kh wkjojk}vlnhjo hczfykoybfczf# Phyh h bhzëykh pfybhcfgfy hzyhzk}h moyhb fbpyfnhjow zf

goloxvkhl, kbhnfb f yfgvywow nyèmkgow#

:#7#7 Gobpowkîço jf kbhnfcw f kczfyhzk}kjhjf

Hwwkb gobo o zftzo f h chyyhîço, hw gobpowkîöfw jhw kbhnfcw f jow yfgvywow nyèmkgow záb vb

phpfl kbpoyzhczf phyh o moybhzo jo pyonyhbh jf yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh f phyh h fjkzoykh jffwpoyzfw jo Mhczèwzkgo# H vzklkqhîço jh zfgcolonkh phyh h kcwfyîço jf goczfñjow jkmfyfczfw f

kco}hjoyfw fwzkbvlhb h gvykowkjhjf f o jfwlvbiyf jo pñilkgo# Phyh Ihyifkyo f Yhcnfl $900=+,

omfyfgfy bhzëykhw hzyhzk}hw ë vb ftgflfczf yfgvywo phyh gocxvkwzhy o zflfwpfgzhjoy f h wvh

pfybhcácgkh ch Z]#

Co jkh 0;/06/9080 Wgdbkjz chyyh fb omm h bhzëykh jo aono fczyf Whczow f Gfhyè# Jvyhczf h

goiyhcîh jf vb páchlzk h mh}oy jo Whczow, o hzhghczf Cf{bhy vzklkqh h “phyhjkcdh‒ xvf opy÷pyko hpyfwfczhjoy gkzov gobo “phyhjkcdh yfbkt‒, pokw o aonhjoy wkbvlov xvf gdvzhykh ho

nol poy jvhw }fqfw phyh fcnhchy o nolfkyo# Hp÷w wf bhckmfwzhy goczyhykhbfczf woiyf h zëgckgh

yfhlkqhjh pflo hzhghczf, xvf zoych jfwlfhl h gdhcgf jf jfmfwh jo nolfkyo, Wgdbkjz mhlh1 “O xvf

bhkw ow aonhjoyfw }ço kc}fczhy phyh fcnhchy o nolfkyo ch doyh jo páchlzk? O gokzhjo mkgh

zozhlbfczf kcjfmfwo ch doyh jo nol#‒ Fcxvhczo o hpyfwfczhjoy mhlh fb zob kyúckgo, wço mfkzhw

kcwfyîöfw jf hckbhîöfw gobpvzhjoykqhjhw ch py÷pykh kbhnfb jo aono gob

kbhnkcè}fkw jf fcnhchy o nolfkyo hczfw jf o aonhjoy goiyhy o páchlzk# H pykbfkyh ë vb

pfywochnfb bhwghyhjo xvf hphyfgf phyh wolzhy vbh mvbhîh ch myfczf jo nolfkyo5 fb wfnvkjh

}èykhw iolhw wço hyyfbfwwhjhw ho bfwbo zfbpo phyh o nol phyh gocmvcjk"lo f poy ñlzkbo, vbh

68



oyxvfwzyh jf bñwkgh phwwh ch myfczf jo nolfkyo zhbiëb phyh zhbphy h wvh }kwço# Zojhw hw

hckbhîöfw, kbpowwâ}fkw jf hgoczfgfyhb ch yfhlkjhjf, wço vbh moybh jf zoychy o goczfñjo

jkmfyfczf f hzyhzk}o f ho bfwbo zfbpo, yfmoyîhy jf bhcfkyh gúbkgh o gobfczèyko opkchzk}o

goczyh h vzklkqhîço jh “phyhjkcdh‒ xvf Wgdbkjz aè dh}kh mhlhjo#

Fb ovzyo bobfczo, co pyonyhbh ftkikjo co jkh 97/06/9080, Wgdbkjz chyyh fb omm h phyzkjh

fczyf Hzlëzkgo Bkcfkyo f Hzlëzkgo Phyhchfcwf# Ho mhqfy o pykbfkyo nol, ow aonhjoyfw jo zkbf

jf Iflo Doykqoczf, dobfchnfhyhb o ft"aonhjoy jh fxvkpf Bhyxvfw gob vbh ghbkwh o

hnyhjfgfcjo# Gobo h yfnyh jo fwpoyzf cço pfybkzf xvf ow hzlfzhw zkyfb h ghbkwh hp÷w nol, ow

aonhjoyfw jo Hzlëzkgo Bkcfkyo jfkthyhb h ilvwh pyoczh co nyhbhjo jo fwzèjko f h vzklkqhyhb

jvyhczf h gobfboyhîço# Wgdbkjz phyhifckqov h kckgkhzk}h kczflknfczf jow hzlfzhw f hpyo}fkzovo mhzo phyh kcwfyky hckbhîöfw cow ovzyow nolw xvf o zkbf jf Iflo Doykqoczf mfq# Hwwkb xvf o

hzhghczf Jkfno Zhyjfllk hbplkov o plhghy, Wgdbkjz xvfwzkocov wf ow aonhjoyfw cço mhykhb

ovzyh gobfboyhîço flhioyhjh# “Bhkw hâ cço dh}kh chjh pyfphyhjo phyh vbh gobfboyhîço

fwpfgkhl? Pojfykh zfy jfkthjo hlno jk}fyzkjo poy hlk pyh gflfiyhy‒, chyyov o hpyfwfczhjoy,

fcxvhczo vb zyhbpolkb mok kcwfykjo ch py÷pykh kbhnfb mhqfcjo gob xvf o aonhjoy jo

Hzlëzkgo mkghwwf pvlhcjo co iykcxvfjo# Fb wfnvkjh, co zfygfkyo nol jo zkbf mfkzo poy

Ykghyjkcdo, Wgdbkjz zhbiëb hynvkv woiyf h gobfboyhîço# “F o Hzlëzkgo mfq 7 h 0 gobYkghyjkcdo f ghjá? Ghjá ow ovzyow hyzfmhzow phyh h gobfboyhîço? Xvfb mhq bvkzo nol zfb

xvf wf pyfphyhy‒, chyyov o hpyfwfczhjoy fcxvhczo vb IN jf bñwkgh hckbhjh, ihlöfw, gdv}h

jf phpfl, zyobpfzfw f hzë bfwbo vbh ihzfykh fyhb kcwfykjow ch kbhnfb f co py÷pyko aonhjoy#

H vzklkqhîço jfwwfw yfgvywow ë vbh moybh fcgoczyhjh phyh omfyfgfy vb fczyfzfckbfczo ch

fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzfw jo pyonyhbh# O fbpyfno jhw hckbhîöfw zhbiëb cço jfkth jf wfy vbh

moybh jf opkchy ov yfmoyîhy o gobfczèyko mfkzo poy Wgdbkjz fb hlnvcw lhcgfw# H kcwfyîço jow

yfgvywow ch kbhnfb f hw zykldhw wocoyhw gobplfbfczhb h pyopowzh jf omfyfgfy vb goczfñjojkmfyfczf ho zflfwpfgzhjoy#

Hlëb jhw hckbhîöfw, ow yfgvywow nyèmkgow zhbiëb fwzço pyfwfczfw ch fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf# O

fbpyfno jfwwfw yfgvywow ë yfgobfcjhjo poy Ikwzhcf f Ihgfllhy $900=+ pykcgkphlbfczf chw

kcmoybhîöfw xvf goczëb cñbfyow# Gobo o zfbpo ch zflf}kwço ë bfcoy f h kcmoybhîço jf}f

wfy gocwvbkjh kbfjkhzhbfczf, zhkw flfbfczow wço vzklkqhjow phyh xvf cço dhah mhldh jvyhczf o

pyogfwwo jh gobvckghîço# H fwzyhzënkh wfy}f phyh mhgklkzhy h gobpyffcwço f }kwvhlkqhîço jo

goczfñjo ftkikjo#

69



Zyhjkgkochl co gfcèyko fwpoyzk}o, h zhiflh jf glhwwkmkghîço ë vb flfbfczo xvhwf oiyknhz÷yko

phyh ow pyonyhbhw xvf lkjhb myfxvfczfbfczf gob aonow f ghbpfochzow# Kcjkwpfcwè}fl phyh o

mvzfiol, h zhiflh kcjkgh h poczvhîço, cñbfyo jf }kz÷ykh, jfyyozhw, whljo

hpyo}fkzhbfczo jow zkbfw# Co ghwo jf pyonyhbhw zflf}kwk}ow f jh fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf jo

Mhczèwzkgo, flh hpyfwfczh hpfchw h powkîço f cñbfyo jf poczow xvf hw fxvkpfw powwvfb,

jf}kjo ho jkchbkwbo xvf o zflfwpfgzhjoy ivwgh ch zflf}kwço#

Jkmfyfczf jhw zhiflhw gobvcw xvf hpyfwfczhb jkyfzhbfczf h glhwwkmkghîço jow glvifw, h

fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf hpowzh fb vbh hyzf fwpfgâmkgh phyh zoychy o goczfñjo fwzykzhbfczf

cvbëykgo, hzyhzk}o f jf mègkl fczfcjkbfczo phyh o zflfwpfgzhjoy# Jvyhczf o pfyâojo jf hcèlkwf,

co pykbfkyo pyonyhbh ftkikjo, jkh 0;/06/9080, h zhiflh jf glhwwkmkghîço xvf mok hpyfwfczhjhfyh jkmfyfczf jo xvf ow zflfwpfgzhjoyfw fwzh}hb hgowzvbhjow h }fy# Hzvhlbfczf ow zkbfw wço

yfpyfwfczhjow poy “ghyyow‒ xvf }ço f}olvkcjo fb vbh goyykjh jf hgoyjo gob h poczvhîço xvf

flfw gocwfnvfb# Fb 900;, ow glvifw fyhb yfpyfwfczhjow poy “gh}hlow‒, xvf zhbiëb

h}hcîh}hb ch pkwzh gocmoybf o cñbfyo jf }kz÷ykhw# Ho zëybkco jh hpyfwfczhîço jh pykbfkyh

yojhjh jo Ghbpfochzo Iyhwklfkyo, Wgdbkjz gdhbh ho }k}o co fwzñjko h hpyfwfczhîço jh zhiflh

f fb wfnvkjh ftplkgh fb omm gobo wfyè h glhwwkmkghîço jow zkbfw, fcxvhczo hw hckbhîöfw jf

ghyyow pyojvqkjow wço ftkikjhw# “Gobfîh o iyhwklfkyço f bvkzh nfczf zh}h fwpfyhcjo owgh}hlkcdow jh goyykjh phyh o zâzvlo# Bhw fb 9080, c÷w cço zfyfbow gh}hlkcdow‒

Hczfw jf gobfîhy o aono bvkzhw pfwwohw fwzh}hb fwpfyhcjo ow gh}hlkcdow pyh goyykjhjo zâzvlo# Bhw fb 9080 cço zfyfbow ow gh}hlkcdow# Hnoyh ghjh glyfpyfwfczhjo poy bvkzow gh}hlow# H goyykjh pflo zâzvlo fb 9080 wfyè h ioyjo jf ghyyowkcgyâ}fkw xvf }ogá cvcgh }kv# Zoygfjoy, kjfczkmkxvf wfv powwhczf f hgobphcdf ojfwfbpfcdo jflf#

Ow bojflow jow ghyyow wço knvhkw phyh zojow ow glvifw, bhw o xvf ow jkmfyfcgkhb wço hw goyfw

f ow fwgvjow fb ghjh }fâgvlo# Fb vbh wkbvlhîço jf vbh goyykjh jf M÷ybvlh 8, ow

hvzob÷}fkw “}ohb‒ chw pkwzhw f pyojvqfb h wfcwhîço xvf o zflfwpfgzhjoy fwzè hgobphcdhcjo

yfhlbfczf vbh pyo}h jf goyykjh# Hlëb jhw kbhnfcw ifb pyojvqkjhw f bvkzo goloykjhw, o IN

zoych h hckbhîço bhkw yfhl phyh o zflfwpfgzhjoy gob o ihyvldo jf ivqkchw, hgflfyhjoy f pcfvw#

Hlëb jh hckbhîço ch zhiflh, o zftzo mhlhjo xvf hgobphcdh àw kbhnfcw ë goloxvkhl f ho

bfwbo zfbpo ghyhgzfyâwzkgo jo aoychlkwbo fwpoyzk}o f hvzobozk}o# Co pyonyhbh ftkikjo co

jkh 0;/06/9080, ho hpyfwfczhy h glhwwkmkghîço jh pykbfkyh yojhjh jo Ghbpfochzo, Wgdbkjz

fbpyfnh ahynöfw jo fwpoyzf gobo kc}kgzo f kwolhjo f zhbiëb zfybow jf gobvcw ho gfcèyko

67



hvzoboiklâwzkgo gobo h}hcîhcjo, hgflfyov f lhynhjh# O fbpyfno jfwwhw phlh}yhw, avczhbfczf

gob hw kbhnfcw, mhgklkzh h gobpyffcwço jow zoygfjoyfw xvf aè gocdfgfb o zftzo aoychlâwzkgo

vzklkqhjo phyh o fwpoyzf, gobo ow zflfwpfgzhjoyfw xvf cço gobpyffcjfb h lkcnvhnfb f hw

yfnyhw zëgckghw# Hlëb jf zoychy bhkw mègkl h gobpyffcwço jo hwwvczo hpyfwfczhjo phyh o

pñilkgo, h lkcnvhnfb goloxvkhl jo Wgdbkjz zhbiëb ë mhlhjh gob vb zkbiyf jf }oq hckbhjo,

bhw gob o ykzbo coybhl, xvf zoych h bhzëykh bhkw hzyhzk}h, wfb pyfavjkghy o fczfcjkbfczo jo

pñilkgo#

O ]hwgo wfnvf ch yfnkço jo vb poczkcdo gob ovzyow xvhzyo glvifw# H}hcîhcjo copflozço h nfczf wfnvf o H}hâ, xvf hgflfyov, wfnvf kc}kgzo f ë }kgf"lâjfy joGhbpfochzo gob ow bfwbow wfzf poczow jf Iozhmono, Phlbfkyhw f Gfhyè# Kwolhjo chmyfczf, o Goykczdkhcw gob co}f poczow, o ñckgo zkbf xvf }fcgfv hw zyáw pykbfkyhwphyzkjhw# F hâ }ogá }á ow 90 glvifw jo Ghbpfochzo Iyhwklfkyo ch goyykjh pflo zâzvlo# Oxvá, w÷ zfb 8;? Hd wkb, hkcjh ch lhynhjh, gob pyoilfbhw bfgéckgow fcgoczyhbow oNokèw zfczhcjo mhqfy o ghyyo pfnhy f whky jf lè#

H }kwkiklkjhjf jh fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf jkhczf jo pñilkgo ë pfygfpzâ}fl cow py÷pykow fwzèjkow,

gob o yfgocdfgkbfczo jh zoygkjh f jf aonhjoyfw# Jvyhczf o pfyâojo jf hcèlkwf, co pyonyhbh

ftkikjo co jkh 97/06/9080, vb zoygfjoy jo ]hwgo mok ho ghbpo gob vb ghyzhq mhlhcjo phyh o

hpyfwfczhjoy hgflfyhy o ghyyo jo wfv zkbf ch zhiflh jf glhwwkmkghîço f Wgdbkjz gobfczov o

mhzo jvyhczf h hpyfwfczhîço# “Co aono jo ]hwgo goczyh o H}hâ fb Mloykhc÷polkw, lè fwzh}h oghyzhq1 Zhjfv, bhkw zyáw poczow, hgflfyh( Ë h zoygkjh jo ]hwgo xvfyfcjo xvf }fy o ghyykcdo

whkcjo jh yfnkço jo vb poczkcdo‒, jkwwf o hpyfwfczhjoy# H kbhnfb jo zoygfjoy gob o ghyzhq

zyhcwbkzf h ioh hgfkzhîço jo pñilkgo gob h fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf# H oyknkchlkjhjf f h pfygfpîço

jf moybhw jkmfyfczfw jh ftkikîço jhw bhzëykhw fwpoyzk}hw hnyhjhb o pñilkgo, xvf phyzkgkph jf

moybh kczfyhzk}h jo fczyfzfckbfczo xvf o pyonyhbh hpyfwfczh#

Ovzyh moybh jf hnyfnhy h phyzkgkphîço jo pñilkgo co pyonyhbh ë ho bfwbo zfbpo

phyhifckqhy, dobfchnfhy f hzë kcgfczk}hy h jkwpvzh fczyf ow hzlfzhw, xvhcjo vb aonhjoy bhygh

zyáw ov bhkw nolw ch bfwbh phyzkjh, flf pojf pfjky vbh bñwkgh jf wvh pyfmfyácgkh xvf h

bfwbh wfyè vzklkqhjh gobo zykldh wocoyh jh bhzëykh# Fwwh phyzf jo pyonyhbh mkgov gocdfgkjh

fczyf ow aonhjoyfw# Gobo poy ftfbplo, co pyonyhbh ftkikjo co jkh 0;/80/9080, o qhnvfkyo

jo H}hâ mfq o wfv zfygfkyo nol co aono goczyh o Nyábko Pyvjfczf f o gobfboyov gobo wf

fwzk}fwwf ghczhcjo# O hpyfwfczhjoy yfwwhlzov fwwf mhzo jvyhczf h wvh chyyhîço f h bñwkgh

pfjkjh pflo aonhjoy zogov jvyhczf h bhzëykh, fcxvhczo hw kbhnfcw jo aono klvwzyh}hb h

chyyhîço#

6:



FBFYWOC $aonhjoy jo H}hâ+1 Fv }ov pfjky h bñwkgh jo Mfychcjkcdo xvf ë vbhbñwkgh xvf fv fwgvzo ihwzhczf ch gocgfczyhîço gob o Ghko# Mfychcjkcdo, Zojhw hwGokwhw#ZHJFV WGDBKJZ $hpyfwfczh ow nolw gob h bñwkgh gobo IN+1 Zè hâ h bñwkgh pyh}ogá gvyzky jf zykldh wocoyh jo nol jo qhnvfkyo Fbfywoc, hyzkldfkyo jo iyhwklfkyço#

]ogá aè }kv jokw# ]ov jhy vbh phvwh w÷ pyh nfczf bowzyhy o ñckgo nol jo NyábkoPyvjfczf, bhyghjo pflo ^klkhb f pojf hvbfczhy o }olvbf pyh nfczf gvyzky ow nolw joH}hâ# Yoifyzo mfq 7 h 8# O Ghko mfq jokw nolw f xvhwf pfjkv bñwkgh zhbiëb# Fwwf coécnvlo mok jfbhkw# F xvfb fcgfyyov h bhkoy nolfhjh jo Iyhwklfkyço 9080? Fbfywoc, oqhnvfkyo bvwkghl, f aè gobfboyov jf bkgyomocf ch bço# H}hâ wfkw f Nyábko Pyvjfczfvb#

H kczfyhzk}kjhjf zhbiëb gob ow aonhjoyfw pyopöf vbh kcmoybhîço, hpfwhy jf jk}fywkochl,

jkmfyfczf jo xvf o zflfwpfgzhjoy fwzè hgowzvbhjo h whify chw jfbhkw goifyzvyhw fwpoyzk}hw#

Gobo ow pyonyhbhw yfpfygvzfb, fb wvh bhkoykh, hpfchw bhzëykhw gob ow yfwvlzhjow, lhcgfw

polábkgow f ow nolw, h fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf jo Mhczèwzkgo wf jkmfyfcgkh gob h goifyzvyh cço

wobfczf phvzhjh h phyzky jf hwwvczow mhgzvhkw# Gobo o zoygfjoy jo mvzfiol ë kczfyfwwhjo fb

whify woiyf zvjo xvf fc}ol}f o wfv zkbf, h phyzkgkphîço jo aonhjoy jf moybh kczfyhzk}h

pyopoygkoch vbh hpyotkbhîço jo zflfwpfgzhjoy f h oizfcîço jf kcmoybhîöfw pfwwohkw hzë

fczço, jfwgocdfgkjh# Jvyhczf hw zyhcwbkwwöfw jow aonow, ow zoygfjoyfw aè whifb xvf wf o hzlfzh

bhyghy zyáw ov bhkw nolw ch phyzkjh flf }hk gocdfgfy xvhl h bñwkgh xvf o aonhjoy nowzh f o

poyxvá jhxvflh fwgoldh#

6 GOCGLVWÇO

H phyzky jh pyopowzh jf hchlkwhy o moybhzo hvjko}kwvhl jh fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzfw jo Mhczèwzkgo, h

mkb jf hpoczhy hw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jo aoychlkwbo hwwkb gobo o zyhzhbfczo jhw bhzëykhw, pojf"wf

66



hmkybhy xvf h fjkzoykh hpyfwfczh ho zflfwpfgzhjoy h goifyzvyh jo Ghbpfochzo Iyhwklfkyo jf

9080 gob hioyjhnfcw jkmfyfcgkhjhw jo bfwbo hwwvczo f yfpoyzhnfcw xvf kcmoybhb o pñilkgo

gob fczyfzfckbfczo#

Ihwfhjo co moybhzo jf vb pyonyhbh jf yf}kwzh flfzyúckgh, h fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf powwvk

zyhzhbfczo jkmfyfcgkhjo ch pyojvîço jhw bhzëykhw# Hpfwhy jf ow aonow wfyfb yfhlkqhjow co

jobkcno, jkh fb xvf o pyonyhbh ë ftkikjo, hw kcmoybhîöfw hpyfwfczhjhw how zflfwpfgzhjoyfw

cço wço hw bfwbhw xvf moyhb jk}vlnhjhw jvyhczf hw zyhcwbkwwöfw ov fb ovzyow pyonyhbhw# H

pyopowzh jf omfyfgfy vbh goifyzvyh gykhzk}h gob flfbfczow xvf wfyço jkmfyfcgkhkw phyh h

bhzëykh, wf mhq pyfwfczf co pfyâojo fb hcèlkwf, ch xvhl zfbhw cço mhgzvhkw f flfbfczow

gvykowow moyhb zyhzhjow gob pykoykjhjf ho locno jhw yfpoyzhnfcw# H phyzky jo oldhy glâckgo jfWgdbkjz, xvf ë hpyfwfczhjoy, pyojvzoy f fjkzoy jo Mhczèwzkgo, ë powwâ}fl pfygfify xvf hw

bhzëykhw hpyfwfczhjhw hgyfwgfczhb kcmoybhîöfw jfwgocdfgkjhw pflow zflfwpfgzhjoyfw xvf,

hphktochjow pflo mvzfiol ivwghb kcgfwwhczfbfczf poy bhkw cozâgkhw#

O hpyfwfczhjoy fbpyfnh phlh}yhw goloxvkhkw, ifb py÷tkbhw ho jkwgvywo vwvhl jo pñilkgo# H

gocwzyvîço jow zftzow h phyzky jh lkcnvhnfb goloxvkhl gdfnh h goczyhpoy h ftknácgkh jf hlnvcw

hvzoyfw woiyf o gvbpykbfczo jhw yfnyhw nyhbhzkghkw, o xvf gobpyo}h h cfgfwwkjhjf jfhpyfwfczhy vbh goifyzvyh fwpoyzk}h gob mhlhw f ftpyfwwöfw xvf wfyço fczfcjâ}fkw poy vb

bhkoy cñbfyo powwâ}fl jf zflfwpfgzhjoyfw# Bfwbo cço wfcjo vb zftzo moybhl, o goczfñjo ë

hpyfwfczhjo jf moybh glhyh, o xvf cço pfybkzf xvf h kcmoybhîço wf zoycf hbiânvh phyh o

pñilkgo#

Gobo flfbfczow jo zftzo, hw mknvyhw jf lkcnvhnfcw pyfwfczfw omfyfgfb vbh ykxvfqh jf

jfzhldfw hkcjh bhkoy jo xvf h py÷pykh kbhnfb ftkif# Wgdbkjz zoych o zftzo mhlhjo py÷tkbo hoaoychlkwbo lkzfyèyko, ghyhgzfyâwzkgh pyfwfczf chw bhzëykhw jf yf}kwzhw f co pyonyhbh ihwfhjo

cfwwf moybhzo, xvf lkjh gob ow fmfkzow f gob h kbhnkchîço jo pñilkgo# Hkcjh ch gocwzyvîço

jo zftzo, ow ahynöfw gkzhjow poy Wgdbkjz nhyhczfb o zyhjkgkochlkwbo jo gfcèyko fwpoyzk}o phyh

ow zoygfjoyfw xvf gocdfgfb o wknckmkghjo jhw phlh}yhw#

Cozov"wf xvf h powzvyh jo Wgdbkjz zhbiëb goczykivk phyh vbh hpyfwfczhîço bhkw kcmoybhl#

Hlëb jh fwgoldh jo mknvykco ghwvhl, h vzklkqhîço jf nfwzow f ftpyfwwöfw goypoyhkw mhq gob o

hpyfwfczhjoy wfah jfwgoczyhâjo f fb hlnvcw bobfczow hzë bfwbo fcnyhîhjo#

6=



O phpfl jf Wgdbkjz gobo hpyfwfczhjoy jh fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf jo Mhczèwzkgo ë bfwglhy o

aoychlkwbo kcmoybhzk}o, opkchzk}o f jk}fywkochl chw bhzëykhw ftkikjhw# H pyfwfcîh jhw

ghzfnoykhw jo aoychlkwbo wf mhq pyfwfczf fb zojo pfyâojo jf hcèlkwf# Gobo h yf}kwzh pyopöf

fwwf zyhzhbfczo jkmfyfcgkhjo jhw kcmoybhîöfw }kwhcjo omfyfgfy vb phcoyhbh jow hwwvczow

bhkw kbpoyzhczfw, h fjkzoykh jf fwpoyzf wf pyfogvpov fb kcmoybhy woiyf ow yfwvlzhjow jo

Ghbpfochzo Iyhwklfkyo, fb kco}hy chw goifyzvyhw fwpoyzk}hw omfyfgfcjo fczyfzfckbfczo ho

pñilkgo co jobkcno à cokzf f pyopoy vbh powzvyh jkwgvzkjh co gfcèyko fwpoyzk}o, xvf ë h

opkckço jo aoychlkwzh# Gocwzhzov"wf xvf cço ftkwzf vbh yfpoyzhnfb kczfkyhbfczf kcmoybhzk}h,

opkchzk}h ov jf fczyfzfckbfczo, bhw wkb h pyfwfcîh jf jokw ov jow zyáw nácfyow fb vbh

bfwbh bhzëykh#

Jfwzhgh"wf ch fjkzoykh h moybh gobo o fczyfzfckbfczo ë hpyfwfczhjo# H kczfyhzk}kjhjf ë mfkzh

gob h phyzkgkphîço jkyfzh jow aonhjoyfw xvhcjo flfw mhqfb zyáw ov bhkw nol ch bfwbh phyzkjh

f pfjfb vbh bñwkgh phyh zoghy co pyonyhbh f h zhiflh jf glhwwkmkghîço xvf jkmfyfcgkh o

goczfñjo kbpoyzhczf phyh o mvzfiol hzyh}ëw jf yfgvywow nyèmkgow jf hckbhîço f h chyyhîço jo

hpyfwfczhjoy#

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]KLHW IOHW, Wfynko# O fwzklo bhnhqkcf1 o zftzo fb yf}kwzh# Wço Phvlo1 Wvbbvw, 8;;=#

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BRASILEIRÃO EM REVISTA ELETRÔNICA: Análise da editoria esportiva comandada por Tadeu Schmidt no Fantástico