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X - CBSE - HINDI (B)VOLUME 2

vuqØef.kdk

Volume 2 of 2 ;qfuolZy V~;wVksfj;Yl & 10oha lhch,lbZ & fgUnh ¼ch½

vuqØef.kdk O;kdj.k&foHkkx -------------------------------------------------------- 1 

‘kCn vkSj in% (Words and Phrases) ----------------------------------- 1 

1- laKk% (Noun) ----------------------------------------------------- 2 

2- loZuke% (Pronoun) --------------------------------------------- 2 

3- fo’ks”k.k% (Adjective) -------------------------------------------- 3 

4- fØ ;k% (Verb)----------------------------------------------------- 5 

5- vO;;% (Indeclinable) ------------------------------------------- 5 

inca/k% (Phrase) ----------------------------------------------------------- 6 

in&ifjp; ds fy, vko’;d ladsr ----------------------- 13 

jpuk ds vk/kkj ij & okD; :ikarj% (Sentence formation) ---- 16 

lekl% (Compound) ---------------------------------------------------- 23 

lekl ds Hksn% ---------------------------------------------------- 23 

Lkekl --------------------------------------------------------------- 28 

eqgkojs ,oa yksdksfDr;k¡% (Idioms) ----------------------------------- 30 

v'kqn~/k okD;ksa dk 'kks/ku -------------------------------------------- 40 

jpuk foHkkx% --------------------------------------------------------- 44 

vifBr xn~;ka’k% (Unseen Passage) ---------------------------------- 44 

vifBr in~;ka’k -------------------------------------------------------- 63 

i=&ys[ku% (Letter Writing) ------------------------------------------ 75 

vuqPNsn&ys[ku vkSj fuca/k% (Paragraph/Essay) ---------------- 108 

laokn&ys[ku% ------------------------------------------------------- 121 

laokn&ys[ku ds mnkgj.k% ----------------------------------- 121 

dgkuh ls laokn cukuk ---------------------------------------- 128 

foKkiu&ys[ku% ---------------------------------------------------- 131 

vPNs foKkiu&ys[ku ds xq.k -------------------------------- 131 

;qfuolZy V~;wVksfj;Yl & 10oha lhch,lbZ & fgUnh ¼ch½ Volume 2 of 2

dqN vU; foKkiu% --------------------------------------------- 141 

lwpuk ys[ku% ------------------------------------------------------ 143 

ladfyr ijh{kk% II ------------------------------------------------ 154 

O;kdj.k&foHkkx 1

Volume 2 of 2 ;qfuolZy V~;wVksfj;Yl & 10oha lhch,lbZ & fgUnh ¼ch½ 1

O;kdj.k&foHkkx

‘kCn vkSj in% (Words and Phrases)

‘kCn% Hkk”kk dh y?kqre lkFkZd Lora= bdkbZ dks ‘kCn dgrs gSaA tc rd dksbZ vFkZoku o.kZ&lewg Lora= :i ls iz;qDr gksrk gS] mls ‘kCn dgrs gSaA ‘kCndks’k esa ik, tkus okys lc ‘kCn ^’kCn* dgykrs gSa] D;ksafd os vFkZoku Hkh gksrs gSa rFkk Lora= ¼okD; ls ckgj½ Hkh gksrs gSaA

in% ‘kCn tc rd dks”k esa jgrs gSa] ‘kCn dgykrs gSaA tc ’kCn O;kdj.k ds fu;eksa esa c¡/kdj okD; esa iz;qDr gksrs gSa rks foHkfDr;ksa ls ;qDr gksdj ^in* dgykrs gaSA

inca/k% tc ,d ls vf/kd in lkewfgd :i esa fdlh ,d O;kdjf.kd bdkbZ] tSls&laKk] loZuke] fo’ks”k.k] fØ;k] fØ;kfo’ks”k.k vkfn dh txg iz;qDr gksa] rks ml ^c¡/kh bdkbZ* dks inca/k dgrs gSaA nwljs ‘kCnksa esa] vusd inksa ds ;ksx ls cus okD;ka’k dks] tks ,d gh in dk dke djrk gS] inca/k dgrs gSaA tSls&

eksgu lkeus okys eSnku esa [ksysxkA & ;gk¡ ^lkeus okys eSnku* inca/k laKk in dk dke dj jgk gSA vU; mnkgj.k & cjkcj ds dejs es jgus okyk vkneh Nr ls fxj iM+kA ;gk¡ Hkh ^cjkcj ds dejs esa jgus okyk vkneh* inca/k drkZ dk dke dj jgk gSA /;ku nsus ;ksX; ckr ;g gS fd bl okD; esa

^vkneh* ‘kh”kZ in gS vkSj ^cjkcj ds dejs esa jgus okyk* vkfJr in gSA blh Hkk¡fr Åij ^eSnku* ‘kh”kZ in gS vkSj ^lkeus okys* vkfJr inA

dHkh dHkh ,d ‘kh”kZ in ds lkFk ,dkf/kd vkfJr in iz;qDr gksrs gSaA tSls& ^os pkj f[kykM+h yM+dsA* blesa ^yM+ds* ‘kh”kZ in gS rFkk ^os*] ^pkj*] ^f[kykM+h* rhuksa fHkUu&fHkUu vkfJr in gSaA dHkh&dHkh inca/k esa iz;qDr vkfJr in Lo;a Hkh inca/k gksrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ,d gh inca/k esa nks ‘kh”kZ in vk tkrs gSaA

mnkgj.kr;k& ^cgqr lqanj cPpkA* ;n inca/k ^laKk inca/k* gSA ^cPpk* ‘kh”kZ in gS rFkk ^cgqr lqanj* vkfJr inA ijarq ^cgqr lqanj* in Loa; Hkh ,d inca/k gS tks

^cPpk* dh fo’ks”krk izdV dj jgk gSA blesa ^lqanj* ‘kh”kZ in gS vkSj ^cgqr* vkfJr inA bl izdkj dqN okD;ksa esa ijr&nj&ijr inca/k fNis jgrs gSaA mnkgj.kr;k&

vki ,d vR;ar lk/kq LoHkko okys lekt esa izfrf”Br O;olk;h ds iq= gSaA in vkSj inca/k eas varj%& tc okD; esa iz;qDr laKk] loZuke] fo’ks”k.k] fØ;kfo’ks”k.k vkSj fØ;k dk dke dksbZ ‘kCn vdsyk djrk gS rks mls in dgrs gSaA tc ;gh dk;Z ,d ls vf/kd in feykdj djrs gSa rks og inca/k dgykrk gSA mnkgj.kr;k&

eksgu lksrk gSA & ;gk¡ ^eksgu* in gSA ;g laKk&in gSA ,d gh ‘kCn gksus ds dkj.k ;g in gSA vc nwljk mnkgj.k ysa& lksgu dk HkkbZ eksgu lksrk gSA & ;gk¡ ^lksgu dk HkkbZ eksgu* Hkh laKk& in dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA ;s pkjksa ,d bdkbZ gSA vr% ;g inca/k gSA

2

2 ;qfuolZy V~;wVksfj;Yl & 10oha lhch,lbZ & fgUnh ¼ch½ Volume 2 of 2

in ds Hksn%& in fuEufyf[kr ik¡p izdkj ds gksrs gSa%

1½ laKk 2½ loZuke 3½ fo’ks”k.k 4½ fØ;k 5½ vO;;

1- laKk% (Noun)

fdlh Hkh O;fDr] oLrq] xq.k] Hkko fLFkfr dk ifjp; djkus okys ‘kCn dks ^laKk* dgrs gSaA laKk dk nwljk Ik;kZ; gS & ukeA

laKk ds Hksn%& d½ O;fDrokpd laKk% os ‘kCn] tks fdlh fo’ks”k O;fDr] fo’ks”k oLrq] fo’ks”k LFkku ;k fo’ks”k izk.kh ds uke dk cks/k djkrs gSa] mUgsa

O;fDrokpd laKk dgrs gSSaA tSls% xkSre cqn~/k] tokgjyky usg:] lhrk] larks”k] fiz;adk lqjfHk ¼O;fDr;ksa ds uke½ ,sjkor] dfiyk] rksrk & ¼izkf.k;ksa ds uke½ fnYyh] vesfjdk] Hkkjr] enzkl vkfn & ¼LFkkuksa ds uke½ Hkxon~xhrk] jkek;.k] dqjku] lksuk vkfn & ¼oLrqvksa ds uke½ [k½ tkfrokpd laKk% os ‘kCn tks fdlh izk.kh] inkFkZ ;k leqnk; dh iwjh tkfr dk cks/k djkrk gS] mUgsa tkfrokpd laKk dgrs gSaA tSls% euq”;] uj] ioZr] xazFk gkFkh] uxj] >juk] iqLrd vkfnA tkfrokpd laKk ds varxZr nzO;okpd rFkk lewgokpd

laKk,¡ Hkh lfEefyr gSaA x½ nzO;okpd laKk% fdlh inkFkZ ;k nzO; dk cks/k djkus okys ‘kCnksa dks nzO;okpd laKk dgrs gSaA mnkgj.k & lksuk] pk¡nh] Åu]

ydM+h rk¡ck vkfnA ?k½ lewgokpd laKk% ftl ‘kCn ls fdlh lewg ;k leqnk; dk Kku gksrk gSA tSls% lsuk] d{kk] ifjokj] >qaM] HkhM+] tqywl vkfnA 5½ Hkkookpd laKk% fdlh xq.k] n’kk] LoHkko] dk;Z Hkko ;k LoHkko dk cks/k djkus okys ‘kCnksa dks Hkkookpd laKk dgrs gSaA tSls% xq.k&nks”k & yackbZ] PkkSM+kbZ] lqanjrk] dq:irk n’kk & cq<+kik] ;kSou] I;kl Hkko & vk’kk] LokFkZ] ‘k=qrk] Øks/k dk;Z & lgk;rk] iz'kalk] lykgA

2- loZuke% (Pronoun)

loZuke dk vFkZ gS & lcdk ukeA laKk ds LFkku ij iz;qDr gksus okys ‘kCn dks loZuke dgrs gSaA loZuke ds fuEufyf[kr N% Hksn gSaA d½ iq#”kokpd loZuke ¼ Personal Pronoun½% fdlh Hkh izlax esa oDrk ds lkeus rhu izdkj ds iq#”k vkrs gSaA igyk& og Lo;aA nwljk& lquus okykA rhljk & dksbZ vU;

O;fDrA mnk- esjk] gekjk] eq>s] rqe] rqEgsa] vkidks] os] mls] mUgsa vkfnA

O;kdj.k&foHkkx 3

Volume 2 of 2 ;qfuolZy V~;wVksfj;Yl & 10oha lhch,lbZ & fgUnh ¼ch½ 3

[k½ fu’p;okpd loZuke ¼Demostrative Pronoun½% fdlh fuf’pr] O;fDr] oLrq] ?kVuk ;k deZ ds fy, iz;qDr gksus okys loZuke fu’p;okpd loZuke dgykrs gSaA tSls% & ;g] ;s] bUgsa] og] os] mUgsaA & ‘kekZth dk ?kj ;g ugha] og gSA & eSa dqN iqLrdsa yk;k gw¡] bUgsa rqe j[k yksA x½ vfu’p;okpd loZuke ¼Indefinite Pronoun½% fdlh vfuf’pr O;fDr] oLrq] ?kVuk ;k O;kikj ds fy, iz;qDr gksus okys loZuke vfu’p;okpd loZuke dgykrs gSaA tSls% dksbZ] fdlh] dqNA mnk- & ‘kk;n] njokts ij dksbZ gSA & jkLrs esa dqN [kk ysukA ?k½ iz’uokpd loZuke% ftu loZukeksa ls fdlh O;fDr] oLrq ?kVuk ;k O;kikj ds ckjs esa iz'u dk cks/k gks] mls iz'uokpd

loZuke dgrs gSaA mnk- & nhokj ds Åij dkSu cSBk gS\ & iqLrd fdlls e¡xkÅ¡\ M+½ laca/kokpd loZuke ¼Relative Pronoun½% ftu loZuke ‘kCnksa ls nks fHkUu ckrksa dk laca/k izdV gksrk gS vFkok tks iz/kku okD; ls vkfJr okD;ksa dk laca/k tksM+rs gSa]

mUgsa laca/kokpd loZuke dgrs gSaA tSls% tks & lks] og & tks] ftls & ogh tSlh & oSlhA & tks djsxk] lks HkjsxkA & tSlk djksxs] oSlk HkjksxsA p½ futokpd loZuke% (Reflexive Pronoun) futokpd loZuke oLrqr% iq#”kokpd loZuke dk gh ,d Hksn gSA ijarq dqN fon~oku bls vyx ekurs gSaA ifjHkk”kk% oDrk ;k ys[kd Lo;a vius fy, ftu loZuke ‘kCnksa dk iz;ksx djrk gS] mUgsa futokpd loZuke dgrs gSaA mnk- vki] Lo;a] [kqn] fut] Lor% vkfn izeq[k futokpd loZuke gSaA & eSa viuk dke Lo;a djrk gw¡A & eSa viuk dke vki djrk gw¡A

3- fo’ks”k.k% (Adjective) ifjHkk”kk% laKk vkSj loZuke dh fo’ks”krk izdV djus okys ‘kCnksa dks fo’ks”k.k dgrs gSaA tSls% dkyh xk; vf/kd nw/k nsrh gSA & dqN yksx vk x, gSaA mi;qZDr okD;ksa esa ^dkyh* xk; dk fo’ks”k.k gS( vf/kd* nw/k dkA blh izdkj ^dqN* yksx dk fo’ks”k.k gSA fo’ks”k.k ds Hksn ¼Kinds of Adjective½%

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4 ;qfuolZy V~;wVksfj;Yl & 10oha lhch,lbZ & fgUnh ¼ch½ Volume 2 of 2

d½ xq.kokpd fo’ks”k.k ¼Adjective of Quality½% tks ‘kCn fdlh laKk ;k loZuke dh fo’ks”krkvksa dk cks/k djk,] mls xq.kokpd fo’ks”k.k dgrs gSaA mnk- vPNk] cqjk] gjk] yky] dksey] cM+k] fLuX/k] lw[kk] izkphu vkfnA [k½ ifjek.kokpd fo’ks”k.k ¼Adjective of Quantity½% tks ‘kCn fdlh laKk ;k loZuke dh eki&rksy laca/kh fo’ks”krk dks izdV djs] mls ifjek.kokpd fo’ks”k.k dgrs gSaA mnk- igyoku jkst pkj fdyks nw/k ihrk gSA og ckn esa dqN ?kh Hkh [kkrk gSA

ifjek.kokpd fo’ks”k.k nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa − i½ fuf’pr ifjek.kokpd% tks fo’ks”k.k laKk ;k loZuke ds fuf’pr ifjek.k dk cks/k djkrs gSa] mls fuf’pr ifjek.kokpd fo’ks”k.k dgrs gaSA tSls% ik¡p fdyks] nl fDoaVy] nl ehVjA ii½ vfuf’pr ifjek.kokpd% tks fo’ks”k.k laKk ;k loZuke ds vfuf’pr ifjek.k dk cks/k djkrs gSa mls vfuf’pr ifjek.kokpd fo’ks”k.k dgrs gSaA tSls% dqN] cgqr] vf/kd] FkksM+k] rfud] bruk] mruk] ftruk] fdruk] <sj] lkjk vkfnA M+½ la[;kokpd fo’ks”k.k% tks ‘kCn laKk ;k loZuke dh la[;k laca/kh fo’ks”krk dk cks/k djkrs gSa] mUgsa la[;kokpd fo’ks”k.k dgrs gSaA fo’ks”k.k Hkh nks

izdkj ds gksrs gSa & 1½ fuf’pr la[;kokpd% nks] pkSFkk] ntZu] nqxqukA 2½ vfuf’pr la[;kokpd% dqN] lc] FkksM+k] cgqrA

?k½ lkoZukfed fo’ks”k.k% tks loZuke laKk ds fo’sk”k.k ds :i esa iz;qDr gksrs gaS] os lkoZukfed fo’ks”k.k dgykrs gSaA tSls% og [kaHkk fxj tk,xkA ;gk¡ og loZuke ^[kaHkk* laKk dh fo’ks”krk izdV dj jgk gSA lkoZukfed fo’ks”k.k ds pkj Hksn gSa & d½ fu’p;okpd @ ladsrokpd lkoZukfed fo’ks”k.k ;s laKk dh vksj fu’p;kRed ladsr djrs gSaA ;Fkk & & ;g fdrkc mBk nksA & bls ugha] ml iqLrd dks fudkyksA [k½ vfu’p;okpd lkoZukfed fo’ks”k.k ;s laKk dh vksj vfu’p;kRed ladsr djrs gSaA ;Fkk & & dksbZ vkneh feyus vk;k gSA

O;kdj.k&foHkkx 5

Volume 2 of 2 ;qfuolZy V~;wVksfj;Yl & 10oha lhch,lbZ & fgUnh ¼ch½ 5

& fdlh vkxarqd dks dqN f[kyk nksA x½ iz'uokpd lkoZukfed fo’ks”k.k ;s fo’ks”k.k laKk ls lacafa/kr iz'uksa dk cks/k djkrs gSaA tSls% & dkSu yM+dk [kMk+ gS\ & fdl iqLrd dks i<w¡\ ?k½ laca/kokpd lkoZukfed fo’ks”k.k ;s fo’ks”k.k ,d laKk dk laca/k okD; esa iz;qDr vU; laKk ‘kCn ds lkFk tksM+rs gSaA tSls% tks yM+dk dy vk;k Fkk] og ¼yM+dk½ ckgj [kM+k gSA og cPpk lkeus tk jgk gS] ftlus fdrkc pqjkbZ FkhA

4- fØ;k% (Verb)

ifjHkk”kk% ftu ‘kCnksa ls fdlh dk;Z ds gksus ;k djus dk cks/k gks] mUgsa fØ;k dgrs gSaA mnk- & eksfguh xkrh gSA & unh cg jgh FkhA & lksgu i<+ jgk gSA fØ;k ds izdkj

fØ;k ds eq[;r% nks Hksn gSa & vdeZd vkSj ldeZdA d½ vdeZd fØ;k% ftl fØ;k dk Qy deZ ij ugha drkZ ij iM+rk gS mls vdeZd fØ;k dgrs gSaA mnk- 1½ eksj ukprk gSA 2½ eksgu g¡lrk gSA buesa Øe’k% ukpuk vkSj g¡luk fØ;k esa fdlh deZ dh vko’;drk ugha gSA ukpus vkSj g¡lus dk vk/kkj Øe’k% eksj vkSj

lksgu gSaA [k½ ldeZd fØ;k% ftl fØ;k dk Qy deZ ij iM+rk gS] mls ldeZd fØ;k dgrs gSaA mnk- 1½ jke us csj [kk,A 2½ vuqjkx us Qy [kjhnsA

5- vO;;% (Indeclinable)

ifjHkk”kk% vO;; dks vfodkjh Hkh dgrs gSaA ^vO;;* dk ‘kkfCnd vFkZ gS & ^tks O;; u gksA ^vfodkjh* dk vFkZ gS & ^ftlesa fodkj ;k ifjorZu u vk,*A

fganh esa ik¡p izdkj ds vfodkjh ‘kCn ¼vO;;½ ik, tkrs gSaA 1½ fØ;kfo’ks”k.k 2½ laca/kcks/kd 3½ leqPp;cks/kd 4½ foLe;kfncks/kd 5½ fuikrA v½ fØ;kfo’ks”k.k vO;;% tks vO;; fØ;k dh fo’ks”krk dks crkrk gS mls fØ;k fo’ks”k.k vO;; dgrs gSaA blds pkj Hksn gSaA d½ dkyokpd fØ;kfo’ks”k.k% tks vO;; fØ;k ds le; dk cks/k djkrk gS mls dkyokpd fØ;kfo’ks”k.k vO;; dgrs gSaA tSls% xhrk vHkh vkbZ gSA

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6 ;qfuolZy V~;wVksfj;Yl & 10oha lhch,lbZ & fgUnh ¼ch½ Volume 2 of 2

[k½ LFkkuokpd fØ;kfo’ks”k.k% tks vO;; fØ;k ds LFkku dk cks/k djkrk gS mls LFkkuokpd fØ;kfo’ks”k.k vO;; dgrs gSaA tSls% lhrk Åij cSBh gSA eksgu vanj x;k FkkA x½ ifjek.kokpd fØ;kfo’ks”k.k% tks vO;; fØ;k dh ek=k ;k ifjek.k dk cks/k djkrk gS mls ifjek.kokpd fØ;kfo’ks”k.k

vO;; dgrs gSaA tSls% og fcYdqy Fkd x;k gSA mruk [kkvks] ftruk ipk ldksA ?k½ jhfrokpd fØ;kfo’ks”k.k% tks vO;; fØ;k dh jhfr dk cks/k djkrk gS mls jhfrokpd fØ;kfo’ks”k.k vO;; dgrs gSa tSls% eSa vkidh ckr /;kuiwoZd lqu jgk gw¡A & eSaus mls HkyhHkk¡fr le>k fn;k gSA vpkud] ,dk,d] ‘kk;n] t:jh] lglk] pqipki vkfnA vk½ laca/kcks/kd vO;;% os vO;;] tks laKk&loZuke ds lkFk tqM+dj mudk laca/k okD; ds nwljs ‘kCnksa ds lkFk LFkkfir djrs gSa

mUgsa lac/k cks/kd vO;; dgrs gSaA tSls% 1½ [kq’kh ds ekjs og ikxy gks x;kA 2½ esjs ?kj ds vkxs cl LVkWi gSA b½ leqPp;cks/kd vO;; % (Conjunction)

nks ‘kCnksa] okD;ka’kkas vFkok okD;ksa dks ijLij feykus okys vO;; ‘kCn dks leqPp;cks/kd vO;; dgrs gSaA bUgsa ;kstd Hkh dgrs gSaA

tSls% & ekrk vkSj firk & og esgur djrk jgk] blfy, lQy gks x;kA bZ½ foLe;kfncks/kd % (Interjection) g”kZ] ‘kksd] vk’p;Z] iz'kalk] ?k`.kk vkfn Hkkoksa dks izdV djus okys vO;; ‘kCn dks foLe;kfncks/kd vO;; dgrs gSaA tSls% 1½ vgk ! fdruk lqanj n`’; gSA 2½ ^,sa ! ;g dSls gks ldrk gSA 3½ ‘kkck’k ! cgqr vPNk fd;kA 4½ gk; ! ;g D;k gqvk! m½ fuikr% tks vO;; fdlh ‘kCn ;k in ds ckn yxdj mlds vFkZ esa fo’ks”k izdkj dk cy nsrs gSa] os fuikr dgykrs gSA mnk- d½ nl #i;s ek= feysaxsA [k½ eksgu rks x;k gh gSA x½ og fnYyh Hkh tk,xkA

inca/k% (Phrase)

tc dksbZ ‘kCn okD; esa iz;qDr gksrk gS rc og ^in cu tkrk gSA bl n`f”V ls ftrus izdkj ds ‘kCn gksrs gSa] mrus gh izdkj ds in gksrs gSaA dbZ inksa ds ;ksx ls cus okD;ka’k dks] tks ,d gh in dk dke djrk gS] mls inca/k dgrs gSaA ge dg ldrs gSa%

tc ,d ls vf/kd in feydj ,d O;kdjf.kd bdkbZ dk dke djrs gSa] rc ml c¡/kh gqbZ bdkbZ dks ^inca/k* dgrs gSaA mnk- n’kjFk&iq= jke us lcdk eu thr fy;kA inca/k dk Lo:i% fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa ds js[kkafdr va’kksa ij /;ku nhft,% 1½ yM+dk ?kj tkrk gSA 2½ NksVk yM+dk ?kj tkrk gSA 3½ ,d NksVk yM+dk ?kj tkrk gSA 4½ esjk ,d NksVk yM+dk ?kj tkrk gSA okD; ,d esa iz;qDr ^yM+dk laKk ‘kCn u gksdj ^laKk in* gSA