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>.6 IEKIAJPEY A GA@J@DY @A IEKYP^QEYQYPAKP\AC - GDJY TQDKPJLJI\AJY

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D @JGAKYE @E @AYAGVAKBE AKA^HPJIE-DGNJAKPDCKe idptuce dktaia`akta lerdg dner`d`es, ieg d preluk`j`d`apessvac, es iekiajtes a ga`j`ds `d Iekstrue Yustaktvacqua se gakes qudktjljivajs. Kasta idptuce `asakvecvag-sa es iekiajtes a ds ga`j`ds `d iekstrue sustaktvac gdjsqudktjljivajs.

E ldite `es iekiajtes a ga`j`ds, `a sahuj`d `asakvecvj`es,sarag qudktjljivajs, terkd-es gdjs prepijes d ieksaksestikjies a ijaktljies. , tdgng, per asta getjve qua lej`aljkj`d a dprevd`d, pacd Iegjsse Aurepajd, d @jraitjvd>66>/:4/IA, aktratdkte trdkspestd pdrd caj kdijekdc ieg e@C82/6< `a 0 `a Dnrjc (var idptuce Iartjljide Akarhtjid),qua enrjhd te`es es a`jlijes dpcjide `e sjstagd `aIartjljide Akarhtjid.

Ieg asta keve iektaxte axtragdgakta axjhakta, terkd-sajgprasijk`vac e iekbaijgakte dpreluk`d`e `ds gacberastaikecehjds jspekvajs pdrd qua sa terka prtjid iegug ugdiekstrue iek`uzjr d ug gujte gacber `asagpakbeakarhtjie-dgnjaktdc `e a`jlije. Vdrd qua tdc diektad se,sahuj`dgakta, `asirjtds ds gacberas taikecehjds `jspekvajsa dpcjivajs de iektaxte iucturdc a icjgtjie `a Vertuhdc.D dner`dhag enmaitjvd a e asagpakbe akarhtjie-dgnjaktdc`es a`jlijes qudktjljivac - pe`ak`e es sahujktas pdrgatressar asdhrahd`es a ga`j`es=; E ieklerte trgjie, distjie, vjsudc, eclditjve a pdcdtdc?; E ieksuge `a akarhjd prjgrjd utjcjzd`d pdrd epardr esa`jlijes?; Ds agjssas `a IE>pdrd d dtgeslard?; E ieksuge `a hud petvac a `a huds `d ibuvd euijkzaktds raijicd`ds?; D pre`ue `a alcuaktas cquj`es?; Es gdtarjdjs utjcjzd`es kd iekstrue a kd gdkutake`es a`jlijes?; Es ras`ues scj`es acjgjkd`es a d ldijcjtde ag sapdr-ces.

Kd ptjid `e ieksuge, a pdrtjk`e `es vdceras astrdthjies`atargjkdktas aste, ag prjgajre cuhdr, d sd`a a e nag-astdr ds passeds, sahuj`es d utjcjzde rdijekdc es raiurses

a `d prasarvde `es aiessjstagds - axjsta ugd bjardrqujdtjid (a `a neg sakse) qua assakijdc sar raspajtd`d, dejgpcagaktdrges es iekiajtes a ga`j`ds `d iekstruesustaktvac, sahuj`dgakta `asirjtes. astd bjardrqujd qua`atargjkd d saqukijd `es pdsses d `dr ke dite `a premaitdra kd gu`dkd `a prtjids=; E prjgajre pdsse `ava sar `d`e ke saktj`e `a ra`uzjrgesde gkjge d preiurd `a raiurses kdturdjs ke-rakevvajs,agnerd dtrdvs `a ugd gdjer aljijkijd qua, pdrtj`d, iek`uz

gjkjgjzde `a te`es es avaktudjs jgpdites kahdtjves pdrde dgnjakta, samd sjguctdkadgakta dugaktd`e e ieklerte quae a`jlije `ava elaraiar des saus utjcjzd`eras?; E sahuk`e pdsse `ava sar `d`e ke saktj`e `a pregevarges

d `asiaktrdcjzde a `jvarsjljide `d elartd `a akarhjd / hud,raierrak`e, ag prjgajrd cjkbd, d raiurses kdturdjs rakevvajs(eu rakevd`es), pdrd terkdr gdjs aljijaktas ds lektas a akarhjd/ hud / gdtarjdjs qua utjcjzdges a pdrd sdcvdhudr`dr e jrajte`ds hardas vjk`eurds d usulrurag `es raiurses kdturdjsljkjtes?

; E tariajre pdsse ava sar d`e ke saktj`e `a pregevargesd bdrgekjzde aktra d preiurd a d elartd `es raiurseskdturdjs, rakevvajs a ke-rakevvajs, sag pramu`jidrges dqudcj`d`a e sarvje akarhjd / hud prastd`e, dtrdvs a ra`as`a `jstrjnuje jktacjhaktas, qua pargjtdg gjkjgjzdr ds par`dsqua rasuctdg `e ditudc senra`jgaksjekdgakte `d elartd.

Pe`es astas pdsses se `atargjkd`es, senratu`e, pace @eke`a Enrd, qua - `d gasgd lergd qua `aljka e prehrdgd `epremaite qua akiegak`d (qudktes qudrtes `avag axjstjr kugdidsd eu qudktes a`jlijes kug agpraak`jgakte) - bema tagtdgng d raspeksdnjcj`d`a a aljkjr a a hdrdktjr de utjcjzd`erljkdc d eptjgjzde `e `asagpakbe akarhtjie-dgnjaktdc `esa`jlijes qua pregeva (samdg astas keves eu radnjcjtd`es). A,ke gegakte ag qua e @eke `a Enrd `aljka ds gatds `a`asagpakbe pdrd e premaite ast d pdrtjcbdr astd kevdraspeksdnjcj`d`a ieg es diteras racavdktas qua cba prastdgsarvjes `avak`e astas, per sud vaz, terkdr-sa secj`rjes iegd raspeksdnjcj`d`a dssugj`d pace @eke `a Enrd, kds radsag qua cbas iegpata iektrjnujr pdrd ds gatds `aljkj`ds.D aqujpd `a premaite tegd, dssjg, d raspeksdnjcj`d`a `a saterkdr iekbaia`erd `ds gacberas taikecehjds `jspekvajs asecj`rjd pdrd `asakvecvar, ag iekmukte, ug premaite quaraspek`d, `a lergd aljijakta a aiekgjid, de prehrdgddprasaktd`e pace @eke a Enrd. D iegpcaxj`d`a a d qudktj`d`a`a jklergde qua kaiassrjd preiassdr pdrd dnrddr e`asdlje a premaitdr ug a`jlije ieg ug axiacakta asagpakbeakarhtjie-dgnjaktdc ldz ieg qua bema samd jgpessvac qua,ke dite `d sud iekiape, qudcquar `es acagaktes `d aqujpd`a premaite sa pessd jsaktdr. Kds phjkds sahujktas `astacjvre, d kaiassj`d`a `a akvecvar es aspaijdcjstds kds radstikjids racavdktas `e `asagpakbe akarhtjie-dgnjaktdc `aa`jlijes, de cekhe `a te`e e preiasse iekiaptudc `a ugpremaite, ralcaitj`d kes iegaktrjes qua astas ldzag desiekiajtes a ga`j`ds `asirjtes. Vdrd ldijcjtdr e diasse d astas

aspaijdcjstds, es raspaitjves iektdites se `jspekjnjcjzd`eske cjvre a kd phjkd `d Jktarkat www.iekstruidesustaktdvac.pt. djk`d jgpertdkta akvecvar es lerkaia`eras `a sjstagds a`a iegpekaktas iekstrutjves te ia`e qudkte pessvac kepreiasse `a iekiape, axjhjk`e-cbas qua dprasaktagsecuas jktahrd`ds pdrd e premaite a qua ke sa terkagdpakds lerkaia`eras `a gdtarjdjs. Lerdg sacaiijekd`es eslerkaia`eras `es gdjs racavdktas sjstagds iekstrutjves pdrdd iekstrue sustaktvac, ieg hdnjkatas tikjies idpdzas `a

raspek`ar s quastas ieceid`ds, tdkte ag racde d premaitespdrd a`jlijes keves, iege pdrd enrds `a radnjcjtde, qudk`ee enmaitjve d eptjgjzde `e `asagpakbe akarhtjie-dgnjaktdc. Vdrd ldijcjtdr e diasse d astas hdnjkatas tikjies,

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ke cjvre vg jk`jid`es es saus iektdites, iekmuktdgakta iegd ga`j`d ag qua ds suds secuas sa jktahrdg. Vdrd dcg`d aqujpd a premaite a es lerkaia`eras, jgpertdkta akvecvards iekiassjekrjds qua prastdg es sarvjes `a akarhjd / hud,pdrd sa dtjkhjr ds gatds `aljkj`ds. Iege Icjakta, `ava-saaxariar te`e e pe`ar pdrd ieg ds iekiassjekrjds, pdrd qua

gacberag es sarvjes qua prastdg a ra`uzdgsjstagdtjidgakta e raspaitjve jgpdite dgnjaktdc. Ver axagpce,d jkstdcde `a sjstagds qua utjcjzdg raiurses rakevvajs(akarhjd eu hud) pdrd prastdr ug sarvje, tdkte pe`a sarakiegak`d`d tdkte paces Vregeteras (@eke `a Enrd), iegepacds Iekiassjekrjds, iege tdgng paces Qtjcjzd`erasLjkdjs.

Vdrd hdrdktjr e sau neg lukijekdgakte, e sjstagd `avar,iektu`e, sar epard`e per ugd aktj`d`a iegpatakta. Ya bemads iekiassjekrjds pessuag d iegpatkijd pdrd lerkaiarakarhjd, e pdsse m dkukijd`e qua sa prapdrdg pdrd `dr, kesaktj`e `a pdssdrag prastde `e sarvje akarhjd a `a hud,`avar jkicujr d jkstdcde, haste a eparde `a sjstagdsrakevvajs `asiaktrdcjzd`es. Keutrds pdcdvrds,jk`apak`aktagakta `a quag jkstdcd e sjstagd qua utjcjzdraiurses rakevvajs pdrd pre`uzjr sarvjes `a akarhjd / hud,`avare sar aktj`d`as iegpataktas a ira`akijd`ds d axpcerdrassas sjstagds - erd perqua ke ds iekiassjekrjds5Dpasdr `a ke sar djk`d use ierrakta, pe`a rasuctdr kugakerga nakalije pdrd e a`jlije d iekstrujr, sa e agprajtajrehardc ler, aca tdgng, akvecvj`e ke preiasse `a iekiape.E enmaitjve `asta akvecvjgakte terk-ce iekbaia`er `dssecuas qua cba idna erdgaktdr a, a sahuj`d, pessjvacgaktajgpcagaktdr, prjkijpdcgakta pdrd acjgjkdr e qua aca pe`arieksj`ardr iege ug rjsie a qua, iege tdc, dirasiaktdr kesiustes pdrd e @eke `a Enrd. Tudkte gakeras ds `vj`ds `eagprajtajre hardc, gakes jklcdijekd`e, gdjs muste sar e vdcer`d enrd a gakes surprasds dpdraiare de cekhe `e jktaksepreiasse `d sud radcjzde. Qg dspaite qua tdgng ke`ava sar sunastjgd`e d axparjkijd `e agprajtajre hardc -qua iekstjtuj ugd gdjs-vdcjd jgpertdkta qudk`e sa ieksahuajkierper-cd kd aljkje ds secuas iekstrutjvds.

Kd ptjid `e ps-ieksuge, es vdceras astrdthjies a

`atargjkdktas d pretahar se es gasges= d sd`a a e nag-astdr `ds passeds, d utjcjzde rdijekdc `es raiurses a dprasarvde `es aiessjstagds. Pdgng kastd atdpd `eslcuxes qua hardges axjsta ugd bjardrqujd tjid (a `a neg

sakse) qua assakijdc raspajtdrges? tdgng astd atargjkdd saqukijd `es pdsses d `dr ke dite `a premaitdr ugdiekstrue gdjs sustaktvac a d gu`dkd `a prtjids.Ya, ke gnjte `ds ga`j`ds `a pravake a `a rdijekdcjzde`e ieksuge, m pdrtj`d lerag `d`es te`es es pdssesracavdktas, ds agjssas, es alcuaktas cquj`es a es ras`ues

scj`es se gjkjgjzd`es. D lergd iege, ke gaje a`jljid`e,sa pe`a petakijdr d gjtjhde `e jgpdite qua rasuctd `aagjssas, alcuaktas a ras`ues, dner`d`d kd parspaitjvd `draspaitjvd vdcerjzde - rajktahrdk`e, kegad`dgakta, astaslcuxes, sagpra qua pessvac, kes ijices pre`utjves.

Ke axjstag djk`d taikecehjds `jspekvajs, asidcd `egstjid,pdrd saquastrdr ds agjssas `a IE>rasuctdktas `e ieksuge`a akarhjd. Gds axjstag sjstagds `a raijicdhag `ds hudsijkzaktds pre`uzj`ds asidcd `egstjid pdrd saragrautjcjzd`ds ag rahd, cdvdhag `a aspdes axtarjeras, ag`asidrhds `ds sdkjtds a, avaktudcgakta, ag gqujkds `acdvdr reupd a cejd. Tudkte vdcerjzde `es ras`ues scj`es`egstjies axjstag iektrjnutes jgpertdktas, qua `apak`ag`a jklrd-astruturds ke gaje a`jljid`e a `e iegpertdgakte`es utjcjzd`eras ljkdjs.

Es iekiajtes a ds ga`j`ds, `a sahuj`d `asirjtes ag pergaker,pdrtag senratu`e `a idses radjs, tastd`es a iegprevd`esper utjcjzd`eras ljkdjs? ag dchuks idses lerdg tdgnggekjterjzd`es (sak`e, ke idse, ralarj`e ke taxte `a lergd

icdrd qudc lej e getjve pace qudc d ga`j`d `asirjtd ke lejjgpcagaktd`d). D `asirje ke axdustjvd, axjstjk`e ugcaqua sjhkjljidtjve `a ga`j`ds a iekiajtes d axpcerdr agpuncjidas luturds.

Begag Gqujkd| Vdrqua Axpe

E agprajtajre hardc A`jljid`erd Cuz a Dcvas tag axparjkijd kd jgpcagaktde `a te`es es dspaites racdijekd`es ieg d iekstruesustaktvac `asirjtes ke gnjte `asta idptuce. Vdrd entar gdjs jklergde aspaijljid `e hdnjkata `a jklergde a dpeje tikjie=A@JLJID@E^D CQ] A DC\AY, C@DDv. 1 `a Eutunre 441 2, 466> CjsnedPac= +914 >48 :9< 64> | www.cuzdcvas.pt

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46>

>.4 IEKLE^PE DGNJAKPDCEY YAKPJ@EY AG VD] IEG E AYVDEIeksijakta eu jkieksijaktagakta, es kesses saktj`es (d pariape a ieklerte trgjie, vjsudc, distjie, eclditjve a pdcdtdc)

se e gaje iege kes dparianages `e aspde a iege ga`jges e hrdu `a sdtjslde qua asta kes preperijekd.Es kesses saktj`es se secjijtd`es pacds idrditarstjids `e aspde qua eiupdges a ieg e qudc seges cavd`es d jktardhjr,`apak`ak`e `e astguce. D duskijd `a ieklerte pre`uz selrjgakte a , per jsse, ug hrdk`a getjvd`er `a ditude - tdkteke saktj`e `a kes jk`uzjr d jktardhjr `a lergd gdjs iearakta ieg d kdturazd a ieg e icjgd (de dnrjrges ugd mdkacd eulaibdrges ugd pertd), iege ke saktj`e `a kes jk`uzjr d ieksugjr akarhjd (de cjhdrges e dquaijgakte).

E ieklerte dgnjaktdc , sjguctdkadgakta, ug astd`e lsjie a psjiechjie. D `jgakse lsjid `e ieklerte tag sj`e jkvastjhd`d`a lergd ijaktljid b cdrhds `id`ds sak`e ga`j`d `d sahujkta lergd=

; Ieklerte trgjie= ga`jk`e d tagpardturd `a necne saie (I) a d bugj`d`a racdtjvd?; Ieklerte vjsudc= ga`jk`e d jktaksj`d`a `d cuz (Cux)?; Ieklerte distjie= ga`jk`e e ru`e (`N)?; Ieklerte eclditjve a pdcdtdc= ga`jk`e d iegpesje qugjid `e dr jktarjer.

D `jgakse psjiechjid, ieklerga sa `asakvecvau raiaktagakta kd ieksijkijd `a te`es es qua preiurdg iegpraak`are lakgake `e ieklerte, vaje axpcjidr gujtes `es iegpertdgaktes `a passeds ag nusid `a ieklerte. D radcj`d`a qua dkessd psjqua (ieksijakta a sunieksijakta) `atargjkd lertagakta d kessd saksde `a ieklerte. @jzag-kes, per axagpce,es aspaijdcjstds e Gdrtjk Iaktra d Qkjvarsj`d`a a Idgnrj`ha qua ds passeds se gujte gdjs tecardktas ieg jlarakds

`a tagpardturd a a bugj`d`a racdtjvd, qudk`e sdnag qua, per jkjijdtjvd prprjd, pe`ag dctardr ds iek`jas dtgeslrjidsag qua sa akiektrdg, per axagpce, sa sdnag qua pe`ag dnrjr eu laibdr ugd mdkacd, ndjxdr ug astera, gu`dr-sa pdrdeutre ceidc qua cbas elarad gacberas iek`jas `a ieklerte Ydnages tdgng qua e sar bugdke idpdz `a senravjvarag iek`jas icjgtjids axtragdgakta d`varsds.

E ieklerte ug astd`e axtragdgakta dtrditjve a getjvd`er, qua cavd ds passeds d dhjr, pe`ak`e d die qua rasuctd astaastguce sjhkjljidr ieksugjr akarhjd, akqudkte sa dquaia eu drralaia, jcugjkd eu vaktjcd drtjljijdcgakta, eu pe`a sjhkjljidrugd gdjer jktardie ieg d kdturazd, akqudkte sa dnra ug astera eu ugd mdkacd. E qua iarte qua ds passeds vesagpra preiurdr e hrdu `a ieklerte qua es saus saktj`es cbas pa`ag, a, per asta getjve, e raiurse de ieksuge `a akarhjdpdrd assa ljg sar gjkjgjzd`e ag a`jlijes qua, pdrtj`d, m elaraiag iek`jas `a ieklerte.

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>.4.4 IEKLE^PE P^GJIE

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E ieklerte trgjie kds kessds idsds ugd iek`jejgpertdkta d dcidkdr pdrd e nag-astdr, pdrd d sd`a a,ieksaquaktagakta, pdrd d kessd cekhavj`d`a. Gds d kessdpre`utjvj`d`a tdgng iek`jijekd`d pace ieklerte trgjie.E `asieklerte ug jk`jid`er jgpertdkta pdrd d sd`a, perqua e prjgajre sjktegd qua kes dcartd pdrd e ldite `ds iek`jas

ag qua kes akiektrdges ke sarag d`aqud`ds de quapraijsdges, pace qua `avages ditudr (laibdr mdkacd, dnrjrmdkacd, gu dr a stje) pdrd irjdr iek jas gdjs ieklertvajs.

Tudk`e astdges d trdndcbdr ag idsd, ke kesse Ygdcc ElljiaBega Elljia (YEBE - var Ga`j`ds `a \dcerjzde Aspdijdc),praijsdges `a saktjr ieklerte pdrd ieksahujrges iekiaktrdr-kes, perqua te`e e `asieklerte sjhkjljid ugd `jstrdie ajktarregpa e kesse rdijeikje. Gds d radcj`d`a `e kesse pds,

ek`a ds idsds sa iegpertdg pjer `e qua e icjgd (ijtdk`ee drqujtaite aspdkbec ^dldac Yarrd), peuie ldvervac iekiaktrde a, sag iekiaktrde, kag kdsia irjdtjvj`d`a,kag, te peuie, ieksahujges dr e kesse gacber de trdndcbequa tages ag ges. Vertdkte, qudkte pre`utjvj`d`a, keb `vj`ds qua e ieklerte trgjie sa terkd ugd pr-iek`jeassakijdc.

Vdrd pe`arges vjvar ag pdz ieg d kessd ldgcjd, e ieklerte jgpertdkta, agnerd ke samd senardke - de ibahdrges didsd `apejs `a ug cekhe `jd `a trdndcbe, per vazas lrustrdkta(eu `a ugd vjdhag `a idrre qua pe`arjd tar `agerd`e 46gjkutes gds qua `agereu 4 berd). Qgd tdc lrustrde pe`asenraper-sa dt de gdjs axtrage ieklerte trgjie ieg e qudckes raianag ds idsds njeicjgtjids a sustaktvajs Astds`jslukas `d kessd seija`d`a tare qua sar dner`d`ds dgektdkta `d drqujtaiturd.

TQDKPJLJIDE @E IEKLE^PE P^GJIEE ieklerte trgjie pe`a sar ga`j`e. A, iege tdc, pessvacharj-ce eu gasge axjhj-ce. E ^ahucdgakte ds Idrditarstjids`a Iegpertdgakte Prgjie dprasaktd e ieklerte trgjieiege ug jrajte ds passeds a astdnacaia ug pdtdgdr gkjgequa ava sar dtjkhj`e ag te`es es a`jlijes bdnjtdijekdjs. Asta

pdtdgdr terkeu-sa raiaktagakta gdjs axjhakta ke gnjte aug pdieta cahjscdtjve qua, dnrdkhak`e es a`jlijes keves adquacas per radnjcjtdr, jktre`uz tdgng d iartjljideakarhtjid es a`jlijes. Dsseijd`e de ieklerte trgjie sartdgng qudktjljid`e e ieksuge `a akarhjd qua kaiassrjepdrd hdrdktjr assa ieklerte, axjstjk`e ug vdcer gxjgeduterjzd`e.

E ieksucter kd rad `e iegpertdgakte trgjie a akarhtjie

ug pdriajre assakijdc ke preiasse `a iekiape `a uga`jlije. asta qua, tegdk`e ag ieksj`arde dsidrditarstjids axditds `e a`jlije ag premaite, pessjnjcjtd aqujpd `a premaite eptjgjzdr e `asagpakbe akarhtjie-dgnjaktdc `e a`jlije, dktas `d sud iekstrue. Qtjcjzd gte`es`a iciuce ukjvarsdcgakta raspajtd`es qua pargjtag dktavar,kd ldsa `a premaite (pacd vjd `d sjgucde a `e iciuce),ga`jdkta ds idrditarstjids e a`jlije, qudc e hrdu a ieklertetrgjie a e ieksuge `a akarhjd kaiassrjes pdrd dcidkdrassa ieklerte.

46I `urdkta te`d d vj`d. d idpdij`d`a `e ierpe bugdke `a jk`uzjr preiasses lsjies `a treid `a idcer iege d rd`jde (01%), d iekvaie (91%) a d avdperde(>6%), qua cba pargjtag irjdr ug aqujcnrje astvac ieg e iektaxte icjgtjie qua bdnjtd.Lekta= Vrel. Kjio Ndoar - Gdrtjk Iaktra Idgnrj`ha Qkjvarsjty

Preids `a idcer aktra d dtgeslard akvecvakta a e ierpe - hdkbes trgjies.Astas hdkbes trgjies se lektas tajs ke Jkvarke a `avare sar avjtd`ds`urdkta e \are.

Preids a idcer aktra e ierpe a d dtgeslard akvecvakta - par`ds trgjids.Astds par`ds `avare sar avjtd`ds ke Jkvarke a ldveraij`ds `urdkta e\are.

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IEKLE^PE P^GJIE AG AYVDEY YAGJ-ARPA^JE^AYYagpra qua pessvac, `ava sar axpcerd`e e racdijekdgakteaktra aspdes jktarjeras a axtarjeras. D dtrditjvj`d`a `esaspdes sagj-axtarjeras eu sagj-jktarjeras, perquaakrjquaiag d qudcj`d`a `a vj`d `es bdnjtdktas, pe`a saraxpcerd`d d gujtes kvajs iege ugd gdjs-vdcjd. Astas aspdes

`a trdksje aktra e jktarjer a e axtarjer se ug acagaktejgpertdkta pdrd eptjgjzdr e iegpertdgakte trgjie `esa`jlijes, perqua iekstjtuag gdjs ugd idgd`d `a pretaieaktra e jktarjer a es axtrages `e icjgd axtarjer, iege ugdnecsd `a icjgd jktarg`je. Dtakud`ds ds jktagprjas,akiektrdges kastas aspdes `a trdksje ds iek`jas pdrdsarag utjcjzd`es `urdkta ugd ieksj`arvac pdrta `e dke.Vessuag djk`d, iege aspdes a trdksje, ugd j`aktj`d`acjnartd`erd qua es gdrid. Astds uds j`aktj`d`as, (d jktarjer

a d axtarjer), qua kastas aspdes sa dkucdg eu sa senrapag,cjnartdg e utjcjzd`er `ds iek`jijekdktas qua kergdcgaktarastrjkhag d sud parspaitjvd axjstakijdc a d sud jgdhjkde. asidcd `d ij`d`a, es aspdes `a trdksje aktra e jktarjera e axtarjer, jktahrd`es kds ldibd`ds `a a`jlijes, raprasaktdgtdgng ug akrjquaijgakte asttjie perqua, de irjdragpreluk`j`d`a kds ldibd`ds, ravacdg gdjs jklergde senraes aspdes akienartes pacd akvecvakta, e qua ugd ldibd`dpcdkd ieksahua ravacdr.

IEKLE^PE P^GJIE AG AYVDEY ARPA^JE^AYDpasdr ds passeds, bema ag jd, pdssdrag ag g`jd dpakds46% e sau tagpe ag aspdes axtarjeras, gujte jgpertdktaqua, kd ij`d`a, astas elaradg tdgng ug hrdu `a ieklertetrgjie acavd`e.

Prdtd-sa a ug asdlje ldsijkdkta - jgpa`jr qua ds akvecvaktassa terkag ndrrajrds s iek`jas `a ieklerte, pdrd ds passedssa pe`arag saktjr nag ag aspdes axtarjeras - e qua lejgujte nag axpcerd`e pacd Qkjvarsj`d`a `a Yavjcbd, quaiekianau a radcjzeu, ke gnjte `d Lajrd Jktarkdijekdc ARVE':>, ug iekmukte `a aspdes axtarjeras axtragdgaktadtrditjves, ieg ug `asagpakbe axtrder`jkrje ag targes`a ieklerte - ag dchuks aspdes a ag pcake \are, lej, peraxagpce, pessvac ra`uzjr d tagpardturd ag 46I, qudk`e

iegpdrd`d ieg d tagpardturd axtarjer ceidc.

Pdgng d Qkjvarsj`d`a `a Idgnrj`ha, gdjs praijsdgakta eGdrtjk Iaktra, tag `asakvecvj`e astu`es a prehrdgdsdgnjijeses, dchuks `es qudjs ag pdriarjd ieg e JkstjtuteYuparjer Pikjie, dpreluk`dk`e es kesses iekbaijgaktes `aieklerte ag aspdes axtarjeras.

Jktardhjr alaitjvd a dcdrhd`dgakta aktra e axtarjer a e jktarjer,axpcerdk`e e petakijdc `a aspdes `a trdksje eu `adtakude icjgtjid (nullar zekas), pargjta akrjquaiar dqudcj`d`a a vj`d a qudcquar passed, pace ldite a cba elaraiard pessjnjcj`d`a `a usulrujr `e aspde axtarjer, sag selrar esalajtes gakes ieklertvajs e raspaitjve icjgd.

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>.4.> IEKLE^PE DEY E@E^AY A YDNE^AY

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E YDNE^ @E AYVDETudk`e aktrdges kug aspde, e ibajre eu sdner qua saktjgesse jk`jid`eras `es jkhra`jaktas qua sa akiektrdg suspakseske dr a ve `atargjkdr lertagakta d kessd saksde `aieklerte a `a nag-astdr. @atargjkdg tdgng e hrdu `asdcunrj`d`a a `d qudcj`d`a `e dr, kassa gasge aspde.

@urdkta ds ctjgds 9 `id`ds, d qudcj`d`a `e dr jktarjer tagd qua hdkbeu jgpertkijd asidcd jktarkdijekdc,aspaijdcgakta `avj`e de dugakte axpekakijdc `ds `eakds`e lere raspjrdtrje a ds dcarhjds, qua sa prepdhdg ag te`dsds icdssas atrjds a seijdjs. Ydnages qua es gdtarjdjs agjtagpdrd e dr sunstkijds qua jkspjrdges a qua idusdg ugiekmukte `a radias ke kesse ierpe qua, kes idses gakeshrdvas, preveidg, ke gkjge, `asieklerte, aklrdquaiag ds

kessds `alasds a pe`ag, kes idses gdjs axtrages, idusdr`eakds irkjids. Ag a`jlijes qua, pdrd irjdr iek`jas `aieklerte, `apak`ag `a sjstagds drtjljijdjs, ast iegprevd`equa ugd `ds prjkijpdjs lektas `a iektdgjkde `d qudcj`d`a`e dr jktarjer d cjnartde `a iegpekaktas keijves,prevakjaktas `es prprjes sjstagds `a dr iek`jijekd`e. Dsprjkijpdjs idusds se d ldctd a gdkutake es raspaitjvesljctres a eutres leies a iektdgjkde kes sjstagds, dcg a,gujtds vazas, e `jgaksjekdgakte `es sjstagds ke sard`aqud`e jktaksj`d`a `d sud utjcjzde kes a`jlijes.Yahure , ke aktdkte, qua d jk`strjd `a dr iek`jijekd`e,racdtjvdgakta raiakta, qua bema ibahd d tar gdjer axprasseke garid`e `e qua d jk`strjd dutegvac, ke jr `asjstjr `esau kahije qua dssaktd ke gdu `asagpakbe `es a`jlijes.

Ast kds ges `d aqujpd qua premaitd es a`jlijes, iekianara`jlijes qua gjkjgjzag d kaiassj`d`a `a sjstagds pdrddtjkhjrag ds iek`jas kaiassrjds `a bdnjtdnjcj`d`a a, idsesa terkag kaiassrjes sjstagds, jgpertdkta qua astassamdg d`aqud`dgakta `jgaksjekd`es, idradg `a ndjxssjgdgdkutake a pregevdg ugd gacber qudcj`d`a `e dr jktarjer.

Eutre lditer jgpertdkta a iektdgjkde d qudcj`d`a e drjktarjer d cjnartde `a iegpekaktas keijves, prevakjaktas`es gdtarjdjs qua ravastag ds prjkijpdjs suparlijas, quaaste ag iektdite ieg assa dr jktarjer. Ast kds ges `daqujpd qua premaitd es a`jlijes, aspaijljidr gdtarjdjs quapregevdg ugd gacber qudcj`d`a `e dr jktarjer.

Idna aqujpd premaitjstd, de `aljkjr es gdtarjdjs qua ravastagds suparlijas qua astdre ag iektdite ieg e dr jktarjer,diegpdkbdr tdgng e asakvecvjgakte taikechjie, ke jktujte`a ieksahujr qua astds suparlijas pessdg vjr d iektrjnujrpdrd cjgpdr e dr jktarjer.

@a ugd lergd suntjc, jste m diektaia ieg pdra`as astuid`dsa pjktd`ds ieg tjktds `a hud nag pargavajs des vdperas,perqua pe`ag dtakudr gujte gdjs eu ldzar `asdpdraiar `ejktarjer ug ibajre dhrassjve qua sa sjktd ke axtarjer `dbdnjtde, gasge qua ds mdkacds sa akiektrag dnartds.

E qua var`d`a qua qudcquar tjktd, varkjz eu iecd qua astamdag iektdite ieg e dr a takbd iegpekaktas vectajs ditjvesa keijves pe`a gdridr e e`er `a ug aspde `urdkta dkes a

dlaitd tdgng d sd`a es utjcjzd`eras.

Dpektdgakte=E ibajre qua saktjges qudk`e aktrdges kug aspde axprjga e hrdu a sdcunrj d`a e gasge. Tudk`e axjstag bugj d`as per ieksaqukijd`a jkljctrdas eu `a iek`aksdas, rasuctd e irasijgakte `a lukhes a agdkdg ibajres qua `asjhkdges per gele. Ya kes didndgaktes`e aspde lerdg dpcjid`ds iecds, varkjzas eu tjktds kds suparlijas qua iektditdg ieg e dr jktarjer, kds qudjs iektg dhaktas dhrassjvesa keijves pdrd d kessd sd`a, rasuctdg ibajres qua kes dcartdg pdrd assd radcj d`a.

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>.4.9 IEKLE^PE DIYPJIE

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EY YEKY TQA TQA^AGEY EQ\J^E ieklerte distjie kds kessds idsds ugd iek`jejgpertdkta d preiurdr dcidkdr pdrd e kesse nag-astdr, dkessd sd`a a, ieksaquaktagakta, pdrd d kessd cekhavj`d`a.E `asieklerte distjie tag ugd akerga jklcukijd senra dkessd idpdij`d`a `a iekiaktrde, iek`jijekdk`e,

ieksaquaktagakta, d kessd pre`utjvj`d`a, terkdk`e-satdgng ug lerta getjvd`er a die.

E akhakbajre distjie, aspaijdcjstd eu ieksucter, iekstjtuj ugacagakte assakijdc d jktahrdr kd aqujpd `a premaite. D ldsa`a premaite ag qua e `jcehe `ava sar jkjijd`e ieg astaaspaijdcjstd d ldsa `a dktapremaite - eu djk`d gdjs ia`e,kes idses ag qua ldctag gatds pr-`aljkj`ds a asagpakbekd rad `e ieklerte distjie. Ke preiasse iekiaptudc `e

a`jlije axjstag ejs gegaktes qua atargjkdg lertagaktae ieklerte distjie= e prjgajre qudk`e sa aij`a d ceidcjzdea d erjaktde `e a`jlije, (sak`e astd d asidcd `e pcdkadgakteag qua pessvac avjtdr d axpesje de ru`e a pravakjr e saujgpdite senra es utjcjzd`eras ljkdjs)? e sahuk`e gegaktequdk`e sa `aljkag ds idrditarstjids `a iekstrue `a te`dd akvecvakta, pejs dtrdvs `acd pe`a ra`uzjr-sa e jgpdite `eru`e kes utjcjzd`eras ljkdjs.

GA@J@DY VD^D DQGAKPD^ E IEKLE^PE DIYPJIE AYIDCD @E VCDKADGAKPE Q^NDKEDs ditjvj`d`as bugdkds - aspaijdcgakta kds ij`d`as ek`ase gdjs jktaksds - se idrditarjzd`ds per acavd`es kvajs `aru`e, prevakjaktas `a ugd vdstd `jvarsj`d`a `a lektas, gds,kd sud hrdk`a gdjerjd, e ru`e kd ij`d`a idusd`e pacetrlahe (ug `es prjkijpdjs idusd`eras `a ru`e urndke). Dlergd es a`jlijes, es gdtarjdjs a ds taxturds qua es ravastag,d racde vecugtrjid aktra acas, d prexjgj`d`a a drrudgaktesa eutres idkdjs `a trlahe urndke dgpcjljidg eu dtakudg eru`e. Tuag pcdkajd e aspde urndke aljka dutegdtjidgaktagujtes `es pdrgatres qua `atargjkdg d qudcj`d`a distjidqua asta, `apejs, preperijekd des saus utjcjzd`eras. iarte qua b rads kd ij`d`a, ag qua es uses `egjkdktastecardg kvajs gdjs acavd`es `a ru`e `e qua eutrds. Agiektaxtes urndkes `astjkd`es tdgng de use bdnjtdijekdc, assakijdc qua e ru`e samd gakes jktakse, perqua esutjcjzd`eras `es a`jlijes idraiag `a iek`jas `a ieklertedistjie qua pregevdg sd`a a nag-astdr a qua cbaspargjtdg `asakvecvar ds suds ditjvj`d`as `a ugd lergd `jhkda ieklertvac.

Yagpra qua pessvac, jgpertdkta erjaktdr es a`jlijesbdnjtdijekdjs pdrd aspdes pncjies kes qudjs e kvac a ru`esamd gakes jktakse. Iege axagpce sarva ug a`jlije qua ldzpdrta `e Vcdke `a Vergaker Vremaite Qrndke Vdrqua Erjaktae qudc, `jvj`j`e kd vartjidc cekhjtu`jkdc, tag te`es esdpdrtdgaktes erjaktd`es d Yuc a es asirjtrjes erjaktd`es d

Kerta - akiektrdk`e-sa d dvakj`d `e cd`e Kerta a d prddpncjid a pa`ekdc `e cd`e Yuc. Vdrd gjkjgjzdr ds rads `aijriucde ieguks, ieceieu-sa dpdrtdgaktes `upcax, iegdiasses `asakiektrd`es `es asirjtrjes, tdgng `upcax.

@astd lergd, es aspdes `a asirjtrjes pretahag e usebdnjtdijekdc `ds lektas `a ru`e `d vjd ieg trlahe jktakse.Kd dtakude a ra`ue `e ru`e prevakjakta `e axtarjer, epdpac d akvecvakta e a`jlije iektkud, sag `vj`d, jgpertdkta

sag pe`arag sar asquaij`ds ds idrditarstjids e icjgd ceidcqua pargjtdg s passeds tar iektdite `jraite ieg e axtarjer`urdkta ugd pdrta ieksj`arvac `e dke, `ek`a d jgpertkijdqua, tdgng ieg mdkacds dnartds, sa gdktakbdg raukj`dsiek`jas rdzevajs a ieklerte distjie.

Axjstag eutres lditeras qua pe`ag dtakudr es ru`esprevakjaktas `d akvecvakta, iege ds taxturds prasaktas kdpaca `es a`jlijes a d vahatde axjstakta. Dssjg, pessvacirjdr aspdes a cdzar axtarjeras qua elaradg des eiupdktasdchug ieklerte distjie, dpasdr `d akvecvakta sar ruj`esd.Eutres ru`es qua dsseijdges preluk`dgakta ieg d kdturazd- iege e d hud ag gevjgakte - se utjcjzd`es pdrd idgulcdres ru`es `a trksjte ag aspdes pncjies iaktrdjs.

GA@J@DY VD^D DQGAKPD^ E IEKLE^PE DIYPJIE AYIDCD @E A@JLIJETudk`e d aqujpd premaitjstd ieklrektd`d ieg ug aspdepr-iek`jijekd`e kug iektaxte urndke ieksecj`d`e, pe`agsar tegd`ds ds sahujktas ga`j`ds pdrd eptjgjzdr e ieklertedistjie `es utjcjzd`eras `es aspdes bdnjtdijekdjs,kegad`dgakta d ra`ue `e ru`e prevakjakta `e axtarjer=D akvecvakta `e a`jlije, qudk`e ds mdkacds aste laibd`ds,`ava dtjkhjr ugd ra`ue `a 91 `N(D) aktra e axtarjer a ejktarjer. Vdrd tdc, iektrjnuag dchugds iegpekaktas qua tgtdgng d luke a jsecdr targjidgakta - e idse es vj`res`upces a ds pdra`as gdijds ieg jsecdgakte trgjie dpcjid`epace axtarjer (jsecdgakte asta qua tdgng tag ugd lukedistjid). Ve`a sar kaiassrje uctrdpdssdr ds aspaijljidasaxjhj`ds pdrd ug neg `asagpakbe trgjie a raspek`ar,

44>

Iegaktrje `a=Cus Iek`a YdktesAvjtdr= Iekianar gqujkds, aqujpdgaktes a preiasses gdjs sjcakijeses a pregevar dtjtu`as a iegpertdgaktes ivjies a raspajte pace `asidksedcbaje, kd astrd`d, ag idsd a ke ceidc `a trdndcbe. Vravakjr=Vcdkadr d eiupde `e tarrjtrje, tak`e ag iektd qua e ru e sa dtakud ieg d jstkijd

a ieg enstiuces, a iekstrujr a jlijes qua gjkjgjzag d trdksgjsse `a ru e aktra aspdes petakijdcgakta ieklcjtudjs a aktra jktarjer a axtarjer.^a`uzjr= Vcdkes `a ra`ue `a ru e ag rads urndkds a ag ra`er `a lektas `a ru e jgpertdktas (jklrd-astruturds `a trdksperta, zekds jk`ustrjdjs),ralere `a jsecdgakte distjie ag a jlijes a dpcjide `a secuas `a iektrece `a ru e ag gqujkds a eutres aqujpdgaktes hard`eras `a ru e.

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440

Ketd= E iuj`d`e kd axaiue `avar sar kd jkicuse `ds tundhaks kd natekjcbd `a rahucdrjzde pdrd hdrdktjr d iektjkuj`d`a `e acagakte rasjcjaktaa avjtdr qua e sedcbe lcutudkta tequa ag qudcquar acagakte astruturdc. Dpakds dtrdvs `d acjgjkde `a qudcquar iektdite `jraite aktra esgdtarjdjs iek`uteras sar pessvac ra`uzjr d trdksgjsse `a ru`e aktra lrdias dutkegds. E sedcbe ke `avar akiestdr de re`dp hdrdktjk`ed lcutude `e gasge.

E lerkaia`er `a sjstagds `a jsecdgakte `a vjnrde a ru`e iektagpcd te`es es dspaites racdijekd`es ieg d iekstrue sustaktvac`asirjtes ke gnjte `astd ga`j`d. Vdrd entar gdjs jklergde aspaijljid `e hdnjkata `a jklergde a dpeje tikjie=I@G Yjstagds `a jsecdgakte `a vjnrde `a ru`e

Dzjkbdhd d Perra e Ldte, K 99N, Asirjtrje D, 448 446 096 | Ldx= +914 >48 446 09:A-gdjc= hardcFi`gpertuhdc.pt | www.i`gpertuhdc.pt

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442 ke `jd >4 `a @azagnre a `a 81 ke `jd >4 `a Mukbe,rasuctdktas d jkicjkde `e ajxe d tarrd ag racde de pcdkeernjtdc a d sud ceidcjzde haehrljid.

Pdgng astd vdrjde praijsd `a sar iektrecd`d pacesutjcjzd`eras, `dk`e-cbas cjnar`d`a pdrd `aij`jrag e quapratak`ag= per vazas ge`ardr, per vazas acjgjkdr a, pervazas, petakijdr es axtrages `d jcugjkde kdturdc. Kug `jd

lrje a Jkvarke jgdhjkvac qua, sa e sec nrjcbd urdkta dchuksgegaktes `a iu cjgpe, quajrdges jkuk`dr d idsd `a cuz,gds kug `jd quakta `a \are prevvac qua quajrdgessegnrd a lrasiurd ke jktarjer `e aspde ag qua kesakiektrdges.

@uds letehrdljds j`ktjids, tjrd`ds senra e gasge aspde erjaktd`e d Kdsiakta kd Perra \ar`a ke \are, `agekstrdg e jgpdita `d rd`jdesecdr `jraitd a `jlusd kd jcugjkde `a ug aspde a d jgpertkijd `es segnradgaktes ke iektrece `d gasgd.

E Yjstagd `a segnradgakte axtarjer ast kd pesje `asij`d, a dscgjkds aste erjaktd`ds `a lergd d pravakjr d aktrd`d `jraitd `d cuz,sag, ieg jste, rastrjkhjr e idgpe vjsudc pdrd e axtarjer. D jcugjkdekdturdc, per alajte `a `jluse kes segnradgaktes aspdcbd-sa `a ge`egdjs aqujcjnrd`e per te`e e aspde, `jgjkujk`e es iektrdstas adugaktdk`e d qudcj`d`a vjsudc ag te`e e aspde.

E sjstagd `a segnradgakte axtarjer ast kd pesje raiecbj`d, pargjtjk`ed rd`jde secdr `jraitd a e ieksaquakta dugakte `e iektrdsta aktrarads jkuk`d`ds ieg jcugjkde kdturdc a rads jktarjeras gakesjcugjkd`ds, irjdk`e, ieg e acavd`e iektrdsta `a cugjkesj`d`a, ugdgaker qudcj`d`a vjsudc.

Cus Idcjxte Cus Idcjxte

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Tudk`e ldcdges `a sjstagds `a iektrece - sak`e essegnradgaktes axtarjeras ugd `ds ga`j`ds `asakvecvj`dkasta cjvre (var Yegnradgaktes Axtarjeras) - seges asdljd`esd, per ug cd`e, `atargjkdr d qudktj`d`a `a cuz kdturdc quaaktrd ag kessd idsd a kes pargjta `asagpakbdr ds `jvarsdsditjvj`d`as a lukas, per eutre cd`e, akiektrdge-kes pardkta

e `asdlje `a `atargjkdr d qudktj`d`a a qudcj`d`a `d cuzkdturdc qua ajxdges aktrdr a qua vdj atargjkdr d dtgeslard`e aspde qua eiupdges. Es sjstagds `a segnradgakteaxtarjeras qua axjstag ke garid`e se axtragdgakta`jvarsjljid`es a dchugds `ds suds idrditarstjids se`atargjkdktas pdrd e ieklerte vjsudc.

Kugd tjpecehjd ieg ldibd`ds prjkijpdjs erjaktd`ds d Yuc a dKerta, gds ag qua d vjstd pdrd Yuc ke d gdjs kenra, d sdcd

`a astdr pe`a ljidr erjaktd`d d Kerta a es qudrtes `a `ergjrd Yuc, `as`a qua e `asakbe `d tjpecehjd pargjtd gdktar eiektdite vjsudc jraite d sdcd pdrd e dcd`e Yuc, ek`a es rdjessecdras jkvd`ag d idsd, aspaijdcgakta `urdkta es gasas `aJkvarke. Astd pargadnjcj`d`a jcugjkde secdr pessvacdtrdvs `d irjde `a ugd dnarturd dgpcd qua dtrdvassd apargjta d prasakd `d jcugjkde secdr ke dpdrtdgakte kdsud tetdcj`d`a, pe`ak`e djk`d sar ralerd`d per ieras icdrds`a gdtarjdjs ke ravastjgakte `ds suparlijas `asta aspde

qua dtrdvassd e dpdrtdgakte a e terkdg gdjs ralcaiter.

\JYPDY VD^D E ARPA^JE^ gujte jgpertdkta pdrd e kesse nag-astdr psqujiegdktarges, `a lergd rahucdr, e iektdite vjsudc ieg esacagaktes kdturdjs, perqua ralerdg d kessd saksde `asarakj`d`a a `a iekljdkd qudk`e rastdnacaiages d racdeieg d Kdturazd. Dssjg, ugd suparlija dgpcd ieg hud, qua

pessdges var `d mdkacd `d sdcd eu `e qudrte, ug dspaitepesjtjve d ieksj`ardr kd iekiape a aspdes bdnjtdijekdjsa `a sarvjes a qua dirasiaktd vdcer `a garid`e.

Qgd suparlija dgpcd ieg vahatde a, pralarjvacgakta,rveras `a hrdk`a perta, qua pessdges var `d mdkacd `d sdcdeu e qudrte, se dspaites pesjtjves d ieksj`ardr kd iekiape`a aspdes bdnjtdijekdjs a `a sarvjes a qua dirasiaktdgvdcer `a garid`e.

Kugd ij`d`a iegpditd se gujte preiurd`ds ds bdnjtdasqua tg vjstd pdrd e Berjzekta - sjkkjge `e Jkljkjte - kedpakds perqua axjstag ag gaker kgare - sjtudk`e-sa kepargatre axtarjer `d rad urndkjzd`d eu ag a`jlijes ieghrdk`a dcturd - gds tdgng perqua e Berjzekta , per sj s,ugd `jgakse qua ` asidcd d te`ds ds axparjkijds agaspdes urndkes. Es sjhkjljid`es qua `dges de Berjzektase jkgares a e hrdu iege asta dirasiaktd vdcer, d qudcquar

preprja`d`a d qudc sa dvjstd, jkquastjekvac.

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>.>. IA^PJLJIDE AKA^HPJIDAG VE^PQHDCD Iartjljide Akarhtjid a Dr Jktarjer `es A`jlijes , ugd ga`j`d pregevj`d pacd Iegjsse Aurepajd ieg e enmaitjve `agetjvdr d gu`dkd a prtjids iekstrutjvds kd Aurepd, dugaktdk`e d jklergde qua sa akiektrd de jsper e utjcjzd`er ljkdcnag iege e sau pe`ar `a asiecbd. D puncjide `d `jraitjvd >66>/:4/IA surha per ieksaqukijd `e hrdk`a suiasse qua tavakd Aurepd d iartjljide akarhtjid `es acaitre`egstjies perqua, terkeu vjsvac pdrd e utjcjzd`er ljkdc d jklergde racavdktasenra e `asagpakbe akarhtjie `e acaitre`egstjie jk`jvj`udc, ra`uzju d pre`ue `a aqujpdgaktes `a icdssas jklarjeras.

Ieg d puncjide `d ralarj`d `jraitjvd, d Iegjsse Aurepajd gdk`dtd es Astd`es Gagnres d dpcjidr e sjstagd `a iartjljideakarhtjid kes saus a`jlijes. E enmaitjve `astd `jraitjvd pregevar d gacberjd `e `asagpakbe akarhtjie `es a`jlijes kdIegukj`d`a Aurepajd, tak`e ag iektd ds iek`jas icjgtjids axtarkds a ds iek`jas ceidjs, nag iege ds axjhkijds aggdtrjd `a icjgd jktarjer a `a raktdnjcj`d`a aiekgjid. Dtrdvs `d `jraitjvd se astdnacaij`es raqujsjtes ag gdtrjd `a=

; Akqud`rdgakte hardc pdrd ugd gate`ecehjd `a iciuce `e `asagpakbe akarhtjie jktahrd`e `es a`jlijes?; Dpcjide `a raqujsjtes gkjges pdrd e `asagpakbe akarhtjie `es keves a`jlijes?; Dpcjide `a raqujsjtes gkjges pdrd e `asagpakbe akarhtjie `es hrdk`as a`jlijes axjstaktas sumajtes d jgpertdktasenrds `a rakevde?; Iartjljide akarhtjid `es a`jlijes?; Jkspaie rahucdr `a idc`ajrds a `a jkstdcdas `a dr iek`jijekd`e kes a`jlijes.

Ieg d trdkspesje `astd `jraitjvd terkd-sa pessvac iegpdrdr e `asagpakbe akarhtjie `a a`jlijes ag `jlaraktas Astd`es

Gagnres `d Aurepd, ieg ndsa ag pdrgatres gutudgakta astdnacaij`es.

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ICDYYA AKA^HPJID

DD D+

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Ag qua idses sa dpcjid d enrjhdterja`d`a `e Yjstagd Kdijekdc `a Iartjljide Akarhtjid a `dTudcj`d`a `e Dr Jktarjer kesA`jlijes (YIA)5

D pdrtjr `a 4 `a Mucbe `a >668, te`es es a`jlijes keves `a bdnjtde eu sarvjes a ds hrdk`as radnjcjtdas (; >1% iustea`jlije s/tarrake), ieg rads suparjeras d 4.666 g>, `avag dprasaktdr, ke dite `es pa`j`es `a cjiakijdgakte eu duterjzde`a a`jljide, e `eiugakte `a iartjljide akarhtjid.

D pdrtjr a 4 a Mucbe a >662 te`es es a`jlijes keves a bdnjtde eu sarvjes a ds hrdk`as radnjcjtdas, jk`apak`aktagakta`d sud rad eu ljkdcj`d`a, `avag dprasaktdr, ke dite `es pa`j`es `a cjiakijdgakte eu duterjzde `a a`jljide, e `eiugakte`a iartjljide akarhtjid.

D pdrtjr `a 4 `a Mdkajre `a >66: e sjstagd dnrdkha djk`d te`es es a`jlijes ke dite `d iacanrde `a iektrdtes `a vak`d a`a ceide, nag iege es a`jlijes `a sarvjes axjstaktas, sumajtes parje`jidgakta d du`jterjds, ieklerga aspaijljid`e ke^YAIA.

E iartjljid`e akarhtjie ava sar dprasaktd e pace preprjatrje de petakijdc iegprd`er, ceidtrje eu drrak`dtrje, dqudk`e`d iacanrde `a iektrdtes `a vak`d a/eu `a ceide, jkicujk`e e drrak`dgakte.

D pdrtjr `a >66:, d iartjljide akarhtjid ag Vertuhdc dpcjid-sa d te`ds ds lrdias dutkegds ke gnjte `e YIA a tag`uds lukas `jstjktds=D prjgajrd iartjljidr a icdssjljidr e `asagpakbe akarhtjie `d lrdie dutkegd a d sahuk`d j`aktjljidr ga`j`ds qua,de sarag jgpcagaktd`ds, pargjtag gacberdr assa `asagpakbe akarhtjie.

Vdrd qua d iartjljide akarhtjid pessd iektrjnujr pdrd d qudcjljide `e gaje a`jljid`e, gujte jgpertdkta qua samd

utjcjzd`d iege larrdgaktd a varjljide a a `aljkje ds ga`j`ds qua eptjgjzdg e asagpakbe akarhtjie es a`jlijes,a dtagpd`dgakta akiegak`d`d per pdrta `a quag pregeva ds jktarvakas ke gaje a`jljid`e.

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D @jraitjvd `d Iartjljide Akarhtjid lej trdkspestd pdrdVertuhdc, jktahrdk`e ug iekmukte `a trs `jpcegds quaiektagpcdg dctardas cahjscdtjvds jgpertdktas iegjgpcjidas kds prtjids ieguks `a premaitdr a `a iekstrujra`jlijes=

; @.C. k. 82/>66< - Irjde `e Yjstagd Kdijekdc `aIartjljide Akarhtjid a `d Tudcj`d`a `e Dr Jktarjer kesA`jlijes?

; @.C. k. 8:/>66< - ^ahucdgakte `es Yjstagds Akarhtjies`a Icjgdtjzde es A`jlijes (^YAIA) qua sa dpcjid d hrdk`asa`jlijes `a sarvjes eu d paquakes a`jlijes `a sarvjes eubdnjtde qua jspekbdg a sjstagds a icjgdtjzde suparjerd >1oX `a petkijd jkstdcd`d?

; @.C. k. 26/>66< - ^ahucdgakte `ds Idrditarstjids `eIegpertdgakte Prgjie `a A`jlijes (^IIPA) qua sa dpcjidd a`jlijes `a bdnjtde eu d paquakes a`jlijes `a sarvjessag sjstagds a icjgdtjzde, eu ieg sjstagds a petkijdjkstdcd`d jklarjeras d >1oX.

Es keves rahucdgaktes qua aljkag e asagpakbe akarhtjie-dgnjaktdc `es a`jlijes, akhcendk`e d iartjljide akarhtjid`es gasges, iekstjtuag, pdrd e garid`e, ugd axiacakta

epertukj`d`a `a jktarvake ke gaje a`jljid`e, perquaakhcendg, `a lergd trdksvarsdc, d gacberjd `e `asagpakbeakarhtjie `es a`jlijes. D iartjljide akarhtjid ugdga`j`d pectjid axtragdgakta jktacjhakta perqua preperijekd`a ugd lergd `j`itjid a trdkspdrakta, pdrd quag tag epe`ar `d asiecbd, e diasse jklergde racavdkta. eutjcjzd`er ljkdc qua asiecba ek`a quar bdnjtdr a, per jsse, aca quag tag e pe`ar a `jraiijekdr d aiekegjd a quag astgdjs getjvd`e pdrd e ldzar, perqua ravartag d sau ldver es

prjkijpdjs nakalijes `a te`ds ds ga`j`ds qua rasuctag aggacberdr e `asagpakbe akarhtjie-dgnjaktdc `es a`jlijes=e ieklerte, d sdcunrj`d`a a d ra`ue `d lditurd akarhtjid.

Pe`es es keves a`jlijes eu radnjcjtdas pdssdg d sarenrjhd`es d pessujr ug iartjljid`e akarhtjie ek`a id`dlrdie icdssjljid`d ag targes `a icdssa `a `asagpakbeakarhtjie, tdgng `asjhkd`d pacd atjquatd `a aljijkijdakarhtjid, vdrjdk`e aktra D+ (dctd aljijkijd) a H (ndjxd

aljijkijd). Es keves a`jlijes pdssdg, `asta ge`e, enrjhdterja`d`a `a sa sjtudrag akarhatjidgakta kds icdssas`a `asagpakbe gdjs aljijaktas, ds icdssas D+, D, N eu N-.Es iartjljid`es pestarjeras d >66: pdssdg d sar jhudcgakta

enrjhdtrjes pdrd qudcquar jgvac eu lrdie enmaite `atrdksdie, pdrd drrak`dgakte eu vak`d.

Ke iartjljid`e akarhtjie dpdraia icdrdgakta jk`jid`e, pdrddcg `d ralarj`d icdssa `a `asagpakbe akarhtjie, e kvac`a agjssas `a IE> aqujvdcakta, e qua pargjta de utjcjzd`er

ljkdc iegpdrdr asta ieg eutres a`jlijes, dqudk`e `d iegprdeu dcuhuar `a ug jgvac, pargjtjk`e, `astd lergd, dlarjr dqudcj`d`a e gasge ke qua jz raspajte aljijkijd akarhtjid,s agjssas a qudcj`d`a `e dr jktarjer. Ke gasge iartjljid`edpdraia tdgng e acakie `ds ga`j`ds d jgpcagaktdr pdrdgacberdr e `asagpakbe akarhtjie `e a`jlije, id`d qudcdsseijd`d d ug iuste `a radcjzde dprexjgd`e a d ugdastjgdtjvd a raterke e jkvastjgakte.

Ag Vertuhdc lej pessvac raukjr ds iek`jas pdrd terkdrenrjhdtrjd d jkstdcde `a sjstagds secdras trgjies aga`jlijes keves `a use bdnjtdijekdc, ieg ndsa ke ldite `ejkvastjgakte kaiassrje tar ug pare`e `a raterke iurte a `epds sar axtragdgakta rjie ag berds `a sec pe`ak`esdtjsldzar ag 86% ds kaiassj`d`as `a dquaijgakte `ds hudsquaktas `egstjids ieg, ag g`jd, 4g> `a rad `a iecaiterper bdnjtdkta.

E ldite `e sjstagd `a iartjljide akarhtjid `es a`jlijes

pdrtjr `a ugd dner`dhag ndsad`d ke `asagpakbe, a ke `augd dner`dhag prasirjtjvd, lej eutrd `aijse astrdthjid qualdveraiau e suiasse a d diajtde `astd `jraitjvd ke gajepreljssjekdc, perqua qudcquar drqujtaite eu akhakbajre akidrdugd ga`j`d prasirjtjvd iege cjgjtd`erd d sud irjdtjvj`d`a.

Ag Vertuhdc, d Dhkijd pdrd d Akarhjd (D@AKA) d aktj`d`ahasterd e Yjstagd Kdijekdc a Iartjljide Akarhtjid a dTudcj`d`a `e Dr Jktarjer kes A`jlijes.

D D@AKA asakvecva a hara e pertdc jklergtjie d iartjljide,ieer`akdk`e d lergde `es Varjtes Tudcjljid`es qua jreagjtjr es iartjljid`es. Vregeva idgpdkbds a jklergde aiegukjide a ljsidcjzd d ned jgpcagaktde `e YjstagdKdijekdc `a Iartjljide Akarhtjid a `d Tudcj`d`a `e DrJktarjer kes A`jlijes.

Iegaktrje `a= Dcaxdk`ra Larkdk`as(@jraiter-Hardc d Dhkijd pdrd d Akarhjd)D Iartjljide Akarhtjid a `e Dr Jktarjer kes A`jlijes tag ugd gatd gujte sjgpcas, jklergdr e ij`d`e qua bdnjtd eu `asakvecva dsud ditjvj`d`a preljssjekdc kug a`jlije, qudc d sud icdssa akarhtjid, iege sa `asdhrahdg ds suds kaiassj`d`as `a akarhjd a, per

ljg, qudjs ds ga`j`ds `a gacberjd pdrd gacberdr e sau `asagpakbe. Ya ieksahujrges iegukjidr `a ug ge`e sjgpcas a `jraite iegasta ij`d`e, akte d ndtdcbd akarhtjid iartdgakta qua astdr hdkbd. Vertuhdc dhrd`aia.

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Vdrd jcustrdr asta tagd, se dquj dprasaktd`es es iartjljid`es akarhtjies a uds lrdias dutkegds ke gasge a`jlije=

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4> astdr sjtud`e ke ctjge pjse, jga`jdtdgaktaper ndjxe `d ienarturd qua, dpasdr `a gujte nag jsecd`d,iektrjnuj ieg ugd rad gdjs axtaksd `a akvecvakta epdidag iektdite ieg e axtarjer, ag iegpdrde ieg qudcquarug es pjses jklarjeras.

Ensarvdk`e astas iartjljid`es varjljidges qua pessuag 46

rads `jstjktds ieg jklergde racavdkta pdrd e preprjatrje`d lrdie=

4. APJTQAPD @A @AYAGVAKBE AKA^HPJIED atjquatd gestrd d icdssjljide `d lrdie dutkegd ke

gnjte `e sjstagd kdijekdc `a iartjljide akarhtjid.Vdrd `atargjkde `d icdssa, e vdcer `ds kaiassj`d`as hcendjsdkudjs kegjkdjs `a akarhjd prjgrjd (Kti) iegpdrd`e iege raspaitjve vdcer cjgjta (Kt), sak`e dgnes aspailjies pdrdid`d lrdie ag astu`e. Ya e vdcer `ds kaiassj`d`as kegjkdjsler jklarjer d >1% `e vdcer cjgjta, akte d lrdie sar `dicdssa D+. Ya ler aktra >1 a 16%, sar `d icdssa D. Aktra 16%a 81%, sar `d N a sa ler aktra 81 a 466%, sar `d icdssa N-. Iege kes a`jlijes keves, e vdcer `a Kti `avar sar sagpra

gdjer eu jhudc d Kt, ds raspaitjvds lrdias sare sagpra `aicdssa jhudc eu suparjer d N-. Kes a`jlijes axjstaktas, te`dd asidcd (aktra D+ a H) ast `jspekvac, sak`e ds icdssasjklarjeras d N- ierraspek`aktas d jktarvdces a 16% ag racdede vdcer cjgjta (Kt).

Jgpertd ralarjr qua astd icdssjljide `e jgvac sagpra lajtdpdrd iek`jas kegjkdjs a utjcjzde, iege kjid lergd pdrdterkdr ds lrdias iegpdrvajs aktra sj. Es ieksuges alaitjves

pe`are, dssjg, `jlarjr `es idciucd`es ag luke `eiegpertdgakte `es utjcjzd`eras.

E hrdk`a enmaitjve `d iartjljide akarhtjid gacberdr e`asagpakbe akarhtjie a d qudcj`d`a `e dr ag a`jlijes agVertuhdc a d lergd gdjs aljidz `a dtjkhjr asta enmaitjve terkdr d `jgakse `e `asagpakbe akarhtjie a `d qudcj`d`a`e dr vjsvajs a pdcpvajs pdrd e utjcjzd`er ljkdc e qudc, per sudvaz, axaria e sau pe`ar `a asiecbd senra e garid`e, `dk`e

pralarkijd s lrdias dutkegds ieg e gacber asagpakbeakarhtjie-dgnjaktdc.

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9. @AYI^JE YQIJKPD @D L^DIE DQPKEGDKd `asirje suijktd `d lrdie dutkegd se `astdid`eses sahujktas `d`es= d rad tjc `a pdvjgakte, e p-`jrajte ae dke `a iekstrue. Eutres dspaites racdijekd`es ieg dsidrditarstjids `e a`jlije (k `a pjses, erjaktde, zekdicjgtjid, ati.) a `e sau akqud`rdgakte kd akvecvakta/(a`jlijes dkaxes eu prxjges, dgnjakta urndke eu rurdc, ati.)`avare tdgng sar jk`jid`es kasta idgpe.

>. @AYDH^AHDE @DY KAIAYYJ@D@AY KEGJKDJY @A AKA^HJD PJC

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0.GA@J@DY V^EVEYPDY @A VD^D GACBE^JD

@E @AYAGVAKBE AKA^HPJIEA VD^D D TQDCJ@D@A @E D^ JKPA^JE^Dquj dpdraia d cjstd a ga`j`ds qua avag sar jgpcagaktd`dspdrd gacberdr e `asagpakbe akarhtjie `d lrdie dutkegd,dsseijd`ds de raspaitjve iuste a de pare`e `a raterke `ejkvastjgakte. Prdtd-sa a ugd rad axtragdgakta jgpertdkta`d iartjljide akarhtjid, perqua pargjta de preprjatrje dlrdie (qua pe`a sar e prprje pregeter) jgpcagaktdr dsga`j`ds qua pargjtag ugd eptjgjzde `e `asagpakbe `d

gasgd, m kd ldsa `a premaite.

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496

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494

8. ICJGDPJ]DEYe asirjtes es sjstagds a dquaijgakte a `a drralaijgakte

(qudk`e axjstag) ke a`jlije eu kd lrdie dutkegd. Ye`asirjtes d petkijd idcerljid a e rak`jgakte `esaqujpdgaktes gaikjies.

2. V^AVD^DE @A HQDY TQAKPAY YDKJP^JDY `asirjte e sjstagd dtrdvs `e qudc d hud dquaij`d pdrd

use egstjie.

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49>

:. YJYPAGDY @A DV^E\AJPDGAKPE @A AKA^HJDY^AKE\\AJY `asirjte e sjstagd secdr trgjie a qudktjljid`d d akarhjdlerkaij`d pace sjstagd ag oXberd/dke pdrd d pre`ue `ahuds quaktas sdkjtrjds. Ye tdgng `asirjtes eutres tjpes`a sjstagds `a dprevajtdgakte `a akarhjd rakevvac quaastamdg pravjstes eu jkstdcd`es.

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66

>.9 IA^PJLJIDE DGNJAKPDCAG VE^PQHDCE Cj`arD, dirkjge `a Cj`ardr pace Dgnjakta pdrd d iekstrue sustaktvac, d `asjhkde `a ug sjstagd `a dvdcjde

a raiekbaijgakte vecuktrje `d iekstrue sustaktvac a `e dgnjakta iekstru`e, qua ast `jspekvac ag sjstagd vecuktrje.

E sjstagd Cj`arD lej `asakvecvj`e per Gdkuac @udrta Vjkbajre, Akhakbajre `e Dgnjakta, `eiakta iekvj`d`e `e @apdrtdgakte`a Akhakbdrjd Ijvjc a Drqujtaiturd `e Jkstjtute Yuparjer Pikjie a @jraiter `d JVD - Jkevde a Vremaites ag Dgnjakta, iegerasuctd`e `es trdndcbes `a jkvastjhde senra sustaktdnjcj`d`a kd iekstrue a dgnjaktas iekstru`es, alaitud`es `as`a>666, qua cavdrdg puncjide, ag >661, `e prettjpe `asta sjstagd a, ag >668, s prjgajrds iartjljidas sahuk`e dvarse 4.6>.

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49= ARJYPA QG IA^PJLJID@E VD^D DY PJKPDY A \A^KJ]AY DVCJID@EY TQA HD^DKPA TQA YE AIECHJIEYEQ KE-PRJIEY 5

9= DY GD@AJ^DY (AG VD\JGAKPEY) YE V^E\AKJAKPAY @A LCE^AYPDY ^AVCDKPD@DY 5

0= ARJYPA QG IA^PJLJID@E VD^D DY GD@AJ^DY TQA HD^DKPA D ^AVCDKPDE @DY LCE^AYPDY 5

1= D BDNJPDE IEKLE^P\AC YAG D QPJCJ]DE @A QG YJYPAGD @A D^^ALAIJGAKPE D^PJLJIJDC

(D^ IEK@JIJEKD@E) 5

YA DY ^AYVEYPDY LE^AG PE@DY EQ KD YQD GDJE^JD YJG, PA^ AKIEKP^D@E QGD BDNJPDE AG TQA E IEKLE^PEDGNJAKPDC IEKP^JNQJ VD^D DQGAKPD^ D YQD TQDCJ@D@A @A \J@D.

YA V^APAK@A DLA^J^ @D JGVCAGAKPDE @DY GA@J@DY @A EVPJGJ]DE @E IEKLE^PE DGNJAKPDC @A\AYACAIIJEKD^ DY VA^HQKPDY IEG DY TQDJY GDJY YA J@AKPJLJID A IECEI-CDY DE JKPA^CEIQPE^ GDJY ^AYVEKY\ACTQA AKIEKP^D^, TQDK@E LE^ \JYJPD^ D BDNJPDE TQA PAKIJEKD D^^AK@D^ EQ IEGV^D^=

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E Cj`arD e sjstagd `a iartjljide dgnjaktdc d`dptd`e deiektaxte icjgtjie, aiekgjie a sije-iucturdc `a Vertuhdc aieksjsta kug iekmukte `a irjtrjes qua pargjtag iegpdrdrkvajs a asagpakbe dgnjaktdc d iekstrue kugd ptjid`a sustaktdnjcj`d`a. Vdrd dcidkdr ug acavd`e hrdu `a`asagpakbe kasta sjstagd `a iartjljide vecuktrje, es

vdceras dlarj`es `avag sar gacberas `e qua ds prtjidsaxjstaktas, lerkaiak`e e sjstagd Cj`arD ugd dvdcjde ljkdc`d sustaktdnjcj`d`a d iekstrue a es dgnjaktas iekstru`es.E Cj`arD avj`akijd es dspaites dgnjaktdjs d ieksj`ardr pdrde neg asagpakbe e a`jljid`e ke saktj`e d sustaktdnjcj`d`a,nag iege es gaidkjsges qua pargjtag dvdcjdr, raiekbaiara iartjljidr asta `asagpakbe dgnjaktdc. Vdrd e alajte, `jspa`a trs kvajs= prjkipjes erjaktd`eras (astrdthjie), raqujsjtespdrd d sustaktdnjcj`d`a (titjie) a d dpcjide epardijekdc a

haste ke ijice `a vj`d, te`es ieg ndsa ag prjkipjes quarasuctdg kd `aljkje `a ugd pectjid dgnjaktdc, tak`e agvjstd pargjtjr e diegpdkbdgakte a d dvdcjde kds jlaraktasldsas `a `asakvecvjgakte `e ijice `a vj`d `e agpraak`jgakte.Ds aspaijljidas `e sjstagd a `e sau `asakvecvjgakte seralarakijd`ds quar pdrd es prjkipjes, quar pdrd es `jlaraktasraqujsjtes, dpcjidnjcj`d`a a iartjljide, sak`e es pergakerasa aspaijljidas dprasaktd`es gdjs pergakerjzd`dgakta kdphjkd eljijdc `e sjstagd= www.cj`ard.jkle

D kvac astrdthjie se avj`akijd`es es prjkipjes d dner`dhagqua `avag sar `aljkj`es kugd chjid `a Vectjid Dgnjaktdc.Iege ralarakijdjs `a iegpdrde kasta kvac lerdg tj`ds agieksj`arde d Dhak`d >4 a ds erjaktdas a sustaktdnjcj`d`a,prasaktas ke rahucdgakte hardc `ds a`jljidas, trd`uzj`esag prjkipjes. Astas prjkipjes, astdnacaij`es de kvac `dpectjid `e agpraak`jgakte, dpcjidg-sa `as`a d ldsa jkjijdc`d iekiape a aktak`ag e `asagpakbe iege ug

iegpregjsse pdrd es dtjkhjr? iegpregjsse qua `ava sarlergdcjzd`e pdrd pe`ar ldzar pdrta `es agpraak`jgaktesiege ugd astrdthjd `a sustaktdnjcj`d`a. Es sajs hrdk`asprjkipjes d pregevar se=

V^JKIVJE 4 - ^aspajtdr d `jkgjid ceidc a petakijdr esjgpdites pesjtjves - ceidcjz-ces, petakijdk`e ds idrditarstjids`e sece, vdcerjzdk`e-es aiecehjidgakta, dmustdk`e-es genjcj`d`a, jktahrdk`e-es d kvac pdjsdhstjie a vdcerjzdk`e

ds dgakj`d`as?

V^JKIVJE >- Aljijkijd ke Ieksuge es aiurses - legaktdrd aljijkijd `es ieksuges `a raiurses, kegad`dgakta `dhud, akarhjd a gdtarjdjs?

V^JKIVJE 9- ^a`uzjr e Jgpdite `ds Idrhds (quar ag vdceras,quar ag texjij`d`a) - dtakudk`e es jgpdites `es alcuaktas,agjssas a ras`ues?

V^JKIVJE 0 - Dssahurdr d Tudcj`d`a e Dgnjakta Jktarjer -legaktdr e ieklerte, akvecvar d qudcj`d`a `e dr jktarjer,ieklerte trgjie, distjid a jcugjkde?

V^JKIVJE 1 - Dssahurdr d Tudcj`d`a `e Yarvje VarspaitjvdDgnjaktdc - pregevar d @urdnjcj`d`a a d Diassjnjcj`d`a, d

Haste Dgnjaktdc a d Jkevde, jktarcjhdk`e ds parspaitjvdsaiekgjids a seijdjs, qua, per dherd, ke aste axpcjijtds kesjstagd?

V^JKIVJE > rads a 16 irjtrjes,kes qudjs sa dvdcjd e a`jljid`e ag luke e sau asagpakbeke idgjkbe pdrd d sustaktdnjcj`d`a.

Es `jlaraktas vdceras `a `asagpakbe (cjgjdras) `aierrag `ekvac dtjkhj`e a `e tjpe `a use. E sjstagd icdssjljid e

`asagpakbe `a D d H, sak`e qua e kvac A raprasaktd d prtjidditudc a e kvac D, ag gujtes irjtrjes, ierraspek`a d ug`asagpakbe iarid `a 16% suparjer de kvac A. Agnerd samdug sjstagd vecuktrje, id`d premaite `ava raspajtdr ugiekmukte `a pr-raqujsjtes.

E agpraak`jgakte `ava preiurdr d`eptdr secuas quatakbdg ug asagpakbe dgnjaktdc suparjer prtjid axjstakta(kes irjtrjes ieksj`ard`es dpreprjd`es), nag iege `jsper

`a gajes pdrd es dtjkhjr.

D iartjljide eu e raiekbaijgakte `e `asagpakbe dgnjaktdc,sahuk`e e Yjstagd Cj`ard, tag d luke `a dpejdr espregeteras, premaitjstds, iekstruteras a hasteras kdjgpcagaktde `ds secuas `a gacber `asagpakbedgnjaktdc a kd entake `ds avj`kijds qua, dps vdcj`depacd aqujpd a varjljid`eras e Cj`arD, dtrjnuag d iartjljided agpraak`jgaktes iekstru`es (eu e raiekbaijgakte

dgnjaktdc ag ldsa `a premaite) pace Cj`arD, sagpra quaentakbdg vdceras `a `asagpakbe kes irjtrjes suparjerasde kvac I.