Estratégias Biomimetismo - fenix.tecnico.ulisboa.pt · 3 Requisitos Casos Avaliação Projecto Estratégias Manuel Duarte Pinheiro Esta é a realidade do Biomimetismo: Após 3.8

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ManuelDuartePinheiro

Biomimetismo

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Do Grego bios, vida, and mimesis, imitação

Ashley Murray & Sarah StaffordCE 292, Fall 2003, Berkeley

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Que é Biomimicry?A means of looking at what biology has to offer in terms of design and processing of materials (US Air Force, 1991)

“The abstraction of good design from Nature,” (Prof. J.F.V. Vincent).

“Design that fully or partially imitates or evokes some biological phenomenon,” (Vakiliand Shu). Requisitos

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De quem escreveu o livro…

Natureza comomodelo

Natureza comomedida

Natureza comomentor

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Mas o que realmentesignifica…

is more a matter of personal belief than a rigid dogma “it meansjust what I choose it to mean, neither more nor less.”

-G. Jeronimidis, Centre for Biomimetics, University of Reading, UK

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Leis da Sustentabilidadena NaturezaJ. Benyus

1. Considerar os resíduos como recursos.2. Diversificar e cooperar para uma utilização total do habitat3. Utilização da energia eficiente.4. Optimizar em vez de maximizar5. Use materiais parcimoniosamente.6. Não sujar o seu habitat.7. Não desperdiçar recursos.8. Manter-se em balanço com a bioesfera9. Basear-se em informação.10. Comprar localmente.

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Projectar para o contexto local

especifico

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Sub-productos de um processo servem como

inputs para outros

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Tirar partido daauto- organização

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AdaptávelResiliência de volta ao steady-stateResiliênce para o novo steady-state

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Redundância/Diversidade

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Trabalhar com disponibilidade de materiais

e energia

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Esta é a realidade do Biomimetismo:Após 3.8 billion de anos de I & D, os falhanços são os fosseis,

o que nos envolve é o segredo da sobrevivência.

-Janine Benyus

Photo by: B. Rose

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Múltiplas Aplicações

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Potenciais áreas de aplicação

Energia

Materiais

Transporte

Informática

Construção, Planeamento e Edificações

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Materiais inspirados emAnimais

Mexilhão

ConchasTeia de Aranha

FIBRAS CERÂMICA

All images by www.Biomimicry.org

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Fatos de Natação1/2

Shark skin is very rough, in fact so rough thatdried shark skin can be used as sanding paper. • The skin is covered by little V-shaped bumps, made from the same material as sharks' teeth. • The rough surface has been shown to reducefriction when the shark glides through water, which is why sharks are surprisingly quick andefficient swimmers.

Fabrics modelled on sharkskin designed to reducedrag by channelling the water along grooves inthe fabric. These grooves allow the water to spiralin microscopic vortices, a hydrodynamicadvantage. After looking at shark skin, NASA pioneered theuse of longitudinal riblets, ridges perpendicular to surface, to reduce drag on flat surfaces of shipsand aircraft. Riblets were used successfully to reduce drag on the ‘Stars and Stripes’ America’s Cup yacht and were thought to offer such anadvantage that riblets were banned fromcompetition for subsequent events. Shark skinitself is far more complex than simple longitudinal riblets

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Fatos de Natação 2/2

Speedohave developed a swimsuit for competitions which isbased on the sharkskineffect. And it works: Atthe Sydney Olympics 27 out of 33 gold medals inswimming were won byswimmers wearing thenew suit. Website: http://www.speedo.com

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Velkro 1/2The inventor of Velcro, George Mestral, wasworking in the machine shop of a Swissengineering company more than 60 yearsago. He examined the burrs that stuck to hisdog’s fur under a microscope, and saw thatthey consisted of hundreds of tiny hooksthat latched into the soft dog’s fur. He discussed the principle with weavingexperts in the French cloth industry, andeventually a weaver produced cotton tapes that when pressed together fastened in thesame manner as the teasel and fur. This idea was patented by a Swisscompany, Velcro S.A in 1952. These patentscovered "the invention and fabrication ofspecial napped piles of man-made material, at least some of these loops having themeans of hooking near their ends".

Applications Fasteners for clothing and many industrial and medical applications

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Velkro2/2

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Interface 1/4“Biomorph” by David Oakey Designs for Interface Flooring Systems, Inc. represents a breakthrough in modular carpet, winning a merit award for themodular category. It is a distinctiveproduct that borrows bold colors anddynamic patterns from retro stylingsof the 1960s and 1970s. Modular tiles are interchangeable and can bearranged in any direction, allowing for versatility and greater flexibility. Constructed of Antron Lumena®solution dyed nylon, this amorphousproduct features four accent colors ineach colorway.

http://antron.dupont.com/content/style/desawa2003/ant03_01_02.shtml

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Interface 2/4

A breath of fresh air from InterfaceAt Interface we’re used to innovating. Rightfrom 1973, when we first started makingmodular flooring, to 1994, when ourchairman and founder Ray Andersonunveiled his vision of Interface as a trulysustainable organisation, we’ve been at theforefront of positive change.Now, in addition to the many sustainabledesign and manufacturing improvementswe’ve made over the past ten years, comes Cool Carpet™ — a scheme which makes itpossible for our customers to buy productswhich are ‘climate neutral’. This means thatany greenhouse gases (GHGs) which are emitted during the lifecycle of the productare offset, or balanced. By product lifecycle, we mean a true ‘cradle to grave’ approach, covering raw material acquisition, manufacturing, transport, use andmaintenance and final disposal or recycling.

http://www.interfaceeurope.com/

Interface Europe Ltd specialises in the design, manufacture and supply of carpet tiles for commercial and residential floorcovering

market in Europe, the Middle East, Africa andIndia.

World leadersWe invented the concept of the carpet tilenearly 50 years ago, and we have beensystematically developing it ever since.

Throughout our history, we have successfullycombined style and practicality. Today, our

efforts are focused on achieving innovation inthe areas of design and manufacturing

techniques. Our product range comprises three brands:

Interface, Heuga and Intercell. Interface andHeuga are modular carpet brands, whileIntercell is our proprietary space-saving

modular flooring system designed to solve cable management issues in modern

workspaces. As a worldwide group, Interface Inc is

committed to achieving sustainability andultimately to becoming a restorative industry -

one that uses less of the earth's natural resources than it consumes.

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Interface 3/4

The cost to repair damage to a single tile is minimal when compared to the coststo repair traditional carpet. Repairing traditional carpet requires calling in specially

trained repair professionals. The randomness of Entropy allows for much more flexibility. For instance, if a tile in a hotel room is damaged, the housekeeping

staff can replace it—not worrying about which way to lay it, and the room is readyagain. It’s really that simple. When you build your model around a natural model,

people get excited. I’m sure you’ve heard your mother say, “It’s nature’s way..”referring to the right way of doing something. I’m sure you’ve also heard

her say “it’s only human…” That’s usually when she’s saying you’ve made a mistake. It’s not usually in reaction to a positive thing. That’s a key differencebetween nature and humans. Nature rewards mistakes and learns from them

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Interface 4/4

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Lótus 1/4

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Lótus 2/4Como se mantém as folhas e

flores tão limpas?As folhas do lótus branco

leaves of the white lotus are covered in a hydrophobic wax that has a special microstructureto its surface roughness that not only repels water, but ensures that any water running over the surfacecarries away the maximum amount ofcontaminants. The rough surface considerablyreduces the contact area for both dirt and water, therefore greatly reducing adhesion. When dustfalls onto the leaf it lodges on the rough surface, and the water droplets rolling off the water-repellent surface clean this surface by simplycarrying away contaminating particles. The lotuseffectively has a self-cleaning surface.

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Lótus 3/4Desenvolvimentos Comerciais

Tinta está a ser desenvolvida sobre a marca Lotusan pela empresa.

Lotusan combines the water- repellent properties of silicon paints with a surfacemicrostructure based on the lotus leaf.

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Lótus 4/4

Papers: W. Barthlott, C. Neinhuis: “Purity of the sacred lotus, orescape from contamination in biological surfaces.'' Planta 202: 1-8 (1997). W. Barthlott, C. Neinhuis: “From plant to product –biomimetic paint based on the Lotus Effect(r) AbstractNumber: 2993, Session = 15.15., XVI InternationalBotanical Congress 5

Websites:http://www.lotusan.de/lotusan/_01_home/index.jspwww.botanik.uni-bonn.de/biodiv/ http://www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/system/bionics.htm

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Telhas Lotus-Rot da Empresa Alemã Erlus

The Lotus Effect ® is clearly visible. With rains the

water drops keeptheir sphericalshape by the

surface tension andtear those dirtparticle whenunreeling with

itself.

"with the Lotus Effect® to the self-cleaning roof" Erlus presented an exclusive worldnovelty on the BUILDING 2001. The new clay/tone roofing tile with dirt and water of

rejecting structure after the model of the Lotusblattes was developed in co-operation withthe Bonn Botanik professor Dr. Wilhelm Barthlott. On the surface dirt can lie only loosely. No

wide contact develops as on smooth surfaces. After long and intensive research anddevelopment the first roofs are covered up at present with Lotus Effect ®. Erlus suppliesthe brick in the colors plumb bob-US-red, plumb bob-US-brown and plumb bob-US-black.

www.beez-jeske.de/Dach_aktuell/ 01_2001/Seite4/seite4.htm

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Ambiente Construído

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Exº Eastgate Zimbabwe

Tributo às térmitas

http://uzweb.uz.ac.zw/science/maths/zimaths/52/eastgate.htm

Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwe, is just one example ofsustainable architecture that uses

dramatically less energy bycopying the successful strategiesof indigenous natural systems.

The building- the country'slargest commercial and shoppingcomplex- uses the same heatingand cooling principles as a local

termite mound. Termites inZimbabwe build gigantic mounds

inside of which they farm a fungus which is their primary foodsource. The fungus must be keptat exactly 87 degrees, while thetemperatures outside range from

35 degrees (f) at night to 104 degrees (f) during the day. Thetermites achieve this remarkablefeat by constantly opening and

closing a series of heating a cooling vents throughout themound over the course of the

day.

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Exº

Location Harare, ZimbabweArchitecture Firm Micheal PearcePartnershipClient Old Mutual PropertiesDate 1996Building Type commercialBuildingUsage office building/complex

http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=1776

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Pormenor Fachada

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Detalhe interior do tecto envidraçado

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Detalhe Interior do foyer

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Plano HVACEastgate, Harare, Zimbabwe

Plan for HVAC system

Architect Mick Pearce used precisely thesame strategy when designing theEastgate Building, which has no

airconditioning and virtually no heating.

The building uses less than 10 percent ofthe energy of a conventional building itssize. These efficiencies translated directly

to the bottom line: The Eastgate'sowners saved $3.5 million on a $36

million building because an air-conditioning plant didn't have to beimported. These savings were alsorealized by tennants: rents are 20

percent lower than in a new building nextdoor.

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Renovação daTorre nº 700, 5ª Avenida

Seatle

Seatle ...

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Seatle ...

www.cityofseattle.net/dclu/publications/ Sustainability/SB2_penguin.pdf

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Gare Oriente – Santiago Calatrava (voo de pássaro) ..

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ECO-INDUSTRIAL PARKS

Intervale, Burlington, VT

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Biomimetismo

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Estratégias Biomimetismo - fenix.tecnico.ulisboa.pt · 3 Requisitos Casos Avaliação Projecto Estratégias Manuel Duarte Pinheiro Esta é a realidade do Biomimetismo: Após 3.8