Matérias_básicas_1

8/9/2019 Matrias_bsicas_1

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EM^TIMX TFCFTF@^FX MK ENVLK DXIHK

= nfxfòkx nf ~tmdmlokx zknfe xft nisininkx fe ~txzmt~fx, }vmix xk flmx;/m) Nfxfòkx nf ~tmdmlokx, nf hk`bv`~k f nf ek`~mgfe./d) Nfxfòkx nf cmdtihmk, nf zfmx f xf}`him./h) Nfxfòkx nf zlm`~mx, nf zftxzfh~ism f nf i~f`x./n) Nfxfòkx nf nf~mlofx, nf zfmx f xf}`him.

4 ]vm`~k m i`x~mlmk nf lmx~tk fe vem mftk`msf, zknf%xf

mcitemt }vf2/m) K lmx~tk vxmnk zmtm xf kd~ft k dmlm`hfmef`~k nk H.Z.nfxfbmnk./d) K lmx~tk cihm `ktemlef`~f lkhmlirmnk `m zmt~f xvzftiktnm mftk`msf./h) Vxm%xf vem }vm`~inmnf eìem nf zfxk zmtm em`~ft kH.G. nf`~tk nkx liei~fx./n) @m emiktim nkx hmxkx, m i`x~mlmk nf lmx~tk zftem`f`~ftfxvl~m fe vem niei`vik nk zfxk dtv~k nm mftk`msf.

8 Hklk}vf S zmtm sftnmnfitk f C zmtm cmlxk, f emt}vfm ml~ft`m~ism hkttf~m.I Kx hkedvx~sfix nfsfe xft hlmxxicihmnkx nf mhktnk hkexfv fx~mnk }veihk. / )II Kx hkedvx~sfix xlinkx xk f~f`xismef`~f vxmnkx zmtmek~ktfx nf hkedvx~k f~ft`m. / )III Kx hkedvx~sfix l}vinkx, fe evi~kx mxzfh~kx, xk kxhkedvx~sfix infmix zmtm k vxk fe ek~ktfx nf hkedvx~ki`~ft`m./ )IS Kx hkedvx~sfix l}vinkx xk hlmxxicihmnkx hkek skl~fixf `k skl~fix. / )

/m) C C C % S /h) S S S % S/d) C S S % S /n) S C C % C

> M zmt~f xvzftikt nf hmnm ~m`}vf nf hkedvx~sfl sf`~ilmnm zkt k mt f~ft`k, m cie nf em`~ft./m) m ~fezftm~vtm f~ft`m nf`~tk nk ~m`}vf./d) m ztfxxk m~ekxcftm nf`~tk nk ~m`}vf./h) vem ztfxxk emikt nf`~tk nk ~m`}vf./n) vem ztfxxk ef`kt nf`~tk nk ~m`}vf.

6 M`mlixf mx mcitemfx mdmik f emt}vf m ml~ft`m~ismhkttf~m.I M em`gvfitm clfsfl nf ^fclk` ztkbf~mnm zmtm xm~ixcmrftx hk`nifx nf ml~mx ~fezftm~vtmx f dmimx ztfxxfx.II Em`gvfitmx nf dkttmhom ve ~izk nf ~vdvlmkmnf}vmnm zmtm k vxk hke lfk, tfctigftm`~f nk ek~kt fxix~fem ointvlihk.III M efninm nmx em`gvfitmx clfsfix nf~ftei`mnm zflkxfv nief~tk i`~ft`k.

/m) ^knkx kx i~f`x fx~k hkttf~mx./d) Kx i~f`x I f II fx~k hkttf~kx./h) Kx i~f`x I f III fx~k hkttf~kx./n) Kx i~f`x II f III fx~k hkttf~kx.

3 Cmm mx nfsinmx mxxkhimfx f emt}vf m ml~ft`m~ismhkttf~m.

M Zmtmcvxk hlfsix / ) Xk vxmnkx k`nf khkttfexkef`~f hmtgm nf

hixmlomef`~k f `v`hm nf~f`xk.

D Zmtmcvxkx nf kloml / ) Xk vxmnkx k`nf hmtgmx nf~f`xk xk mzlihmnmx.

H Zmtmcvxk nf tf~f`k / ) Gftmlef`~f xk vxmnkx `m bv`k nf mxmx, cfttmgfe nk~tfe nf zkvxk.

/m) D M % H /h) M D % H/d) D H % M /n) H M % D

7 Kx ~tx ~kt}vef~tkx emix vxmnkx xk2/m) Dmttm clfsfl, fx~tv~vtm tginm f fx~tv~vtm nf hm~tmhm./d) Dmttm tginm, fx~tv~vtm clfsfl f fx~tv~vtm nf hm~tmhm./h) Dmttm clfsfl, fx~tv~vtm clfsfl f fx~tv~vtm nf hm~tmhm./n) Dmttm tginm, fx~tv~vtm tginm f fx~tv~vtm clfsfl.

? k ztkhfxxk nf hkttkxk xfeztf f`sklsf nvmx ml~ftmfxxievl~`fmx2 k ................. xkctf k }vf zknf xft homemnk nf~tm`xcktemk .................1 k .................... xkctf k }vf nkznfxft homemnk nf ~tm`xcktemk .........................../m) ef~ml m`nihm mgf`~f }veihk % hm~nihm/d) mgf`~f }veihk m`nihm ef~ml % hm~nihm/h) ef~ml m`nihm % mgf`~f }veihk % m`nihm/n) mgf`~f }veihk hm~nihm ef~ml % hm~nihm9 Emt}vf m ml~ft`m~ism hkttf~m.

/m) M ztfxxk mdxklv~m igvml m ztfxxk m~ekxctihm ef`kxm ztfxxk nk i`nihmnkt./d) Mx nvmx emiktfx nicftf`mx f`~tf gmxfx f l}vinkx xkxvmx hmtmh~ftx~ihmx nf hkeztfxxidilinmnf f fsmzktmk./h) M hkeztfxxk nkx l}vinkx zknf xft hk xinftmnmnfxztfrsfl./n) M emiktim nkx lfkx xf fzm`nf ef`kx }vf m gvm.

=: Emt}vf m ml~ft`m~ism hkttf~m2/m) M flf~tihinmnf `ktemlef`~f nfciìnm hkek xf`nkfx~~ihm kv i`nv~ism./d) M flf~tihinmnf fx~~ihm zknf xft ztknvrinm zkt hk`~m~k,ctihk kv i`nvk./h) Xf ve ~kek ~fe fxhmxxfr nf fl~tk`x, flf fx~hmttfgmnk `fgm~ismef`~f./n) M flf~tihinmnf `ktemlef`~f nfciìnm hkek xf`nk

nièihm kv i`nv~ism.

== vxmnk fe mlgv`x xix~femx nk msik hke m ci`mlinmnfnf ~tm`xcktemt vem zmt~f nm cktm /f`ftgim fl~tihm) nfhkttf`~f hk`~`vm fe hkttf`~f ml~ft`mnm./m) Ml~ft`mnkt. /h) Hmzmhi~kt./d) Gftmnkt. /n) I`sftxkt.

=4 % Zflm xvdx~i~vik nkx mìx hklf~ktfx nk gftmnkt dxihkzkt xfgef`~kx hklf~ktfx, kd~e%xf2/m) Ve ml~ft`mnkt. /h) Ve gftmnkt HHdxihk./d) Ve gftmnkt HM dxihk./n) Ve i`sftxkt.

=8 % Cmm mx nfsinmx mxxkhimfx f emt}vf m ml~ft`m~ismhkttf~m.

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= htvrmef`~k nf cikx `k hk`fh~mnkx4 htvrmef`~k nf hk`fh~mnk8 cvxsfl> tfxix~ktfx cikx

/m) 8 = > % 4 /h) = > 8 % 4/d) 4 8 = % > /n) 8 > 4 % =

=> Hklk}vf S zmtm sftnmnfitk f C zmtm cmlxk, f emt}vfm ml~ft`m~ism hkttf~m.I Dm~ftimx nf hovedk%hink xk vxmnmx fe mftk`msfx fxk xieilmtfx x nf mv~kesfix. / )II k xvxzitk nm dm~ftim nf hovedk%hink zftei~f fmv~knkx gmxfx hke smrmef`~k eìek nf xklvk, i`nfzf`nf`~f

nm zkxik }vf m mftk`msf zkxxm mxxveit. / )III Vem dm~ftim nf =4 skl~x hk`xix~f nf 3 hlvlmx nfhovedk%hink ligmnmx fe xtif. / )

/m) C C % C /h) S C % C/d) C C % S /n) S S % S

=6 hk`x~i~vnk/m) zkt cklomx nf nmnkx }vf nfxhtfsfe kztkbf~k nk ~izk nm mftk`msf f fx~mdflfhfe mx liei~mfxfx~izvlmnmx `kx tfgvlmef`~kx cfnftmix zmtm msimk./m) Hft~icihmnk nf mztksmk nf mftk`msfx./d) Nitf~tirfx nf mftk`msfgmdilinmnf./h) Fxzfhicihmk M.^.M. =::./n) Em`vml nf sk.

=3 ve fmef `k nfx~tv~isk nf nfcfi~kx mdft~kx xvzftchif zkt zfmx cmdtihmnmx nf }vml}vft em~ftiml `kzktkxk./m) I`xzfk zkt l}vink zf`f~tm`~f./d) I`xzfk zkt zmt~hvlmx emg`~ihmx./h) Tmnikgtmcim./n) ^fx~f vl~tm%xke.

=7 Xk ffezlkx nf cfttmef`~mx nf vxk gftml2/m) Homsfx, ~fxkvtmx em`vmix f mthk nf xfttm./d) ^fxkvtmx em`vmix, mthkx nf xfttmx f zv`fx./h) Emt~flkx, emhf~fx f homsfx./n) Homsfx nf cf`nm, ~mlomnfitmx f liemx.

=? Kx stikx ~izkx nf zm}vef~tkx xk v~ilirmnkx zmtmsfticihmk nf efninmx2/m) F~ft`mx, i`~ft`mx, nf ztkcv`ninmnf f nf `gvlk./d) Xvzftiktfx, i`cftiktfx f xvzftcihimix./h) Xvzftcihimix, f~ft`mx f i`~ft`mx./n) F~ft`mx, i`~ft`mx, nf ztkcv`ninmnf f nf tkxhm.

=9 Cfttmef`~mx vxmnmx zmtm mdtit tkxhmx f~ft`mx2/m) Emhok hìhk. /h) Emhok zmtmlflk./d) Emhok xfeihìhk. /n) Hkxxi f~f.

4: % Mttvflmx nf msimk vxmnmx `k tfzmtk nf hlvlmx nfmftk`msfx zknfe xft2/m) mttvflmx zlm`mx, ctf`k kv nf ~izkx fxzfhimix./d) mttvflmx zlm`mx, ci`mx kv nf ~izkx fxzfhimix./h) mttvflmx ci`mx, ctf`k kv gtkxxmx./n) mttvflmx zlm`mx, ctf`k kv nf mzkik.

4= % Fe tflmk x dvhomx, m i`x~mlmk ktigi ml kv mxvdx~i~vik fe kcihi`mx nf tfsixk gftml, xk fcf~vmnmx hke~tm~mef`~k m`~mg ihk nf ~fezftm~vtm. Mxxie xf`nk, hkttf~k mcitemt }vf2/m) M hmdfm nk hili`ntk m}vfhinm f m dvhom hk`gflmnm./d) M hmdfm nk hili`ntk hk`gflmnm f m dvhom m}vfhinm./h) M hmdfm nk hili`ntk hk`~tmnm f m dvhom fzm`ninm./n) ^knmx mx ml~ft`m~ismx fx~k i`hkttf~mx.

44 % nf~ftei`mnk/m) zflm xfgvi`~f xvd~tmk2 /Zd%Zs).K`nf Zd 5 Zfxk dtv~k eiek zfteixxsfl f Zs 5 zfxksmrik./m) Hmtgm Mlmt. /h) Zfxk Nixzk`sfl./d) Hmtgm ~il. /n) Zfxk ~il.

48 % Xf`nk m sflkhinmnf nk xke mk `sfl nk emt igvml m 76:eilomx zkt oktm. Vem mftk`msf skm`nk fe EMHO nf 4,4fx~mt hke m sflkhinmnf nf2/m) =63: eilomx zkt oktm. /h) =3:: eilomx zkt oktm./d) =6:: eilomx zkt oktm. /n) =36: eilomx zkt oktm.

4> % Hk`xinftf ve dkhml hvbm tfm nm f`~tmnm igvml m M fm tfm `m gmtgm`~m 4:& ef`kt }vf m tfm nm f`~tmnm. Xfm sflkhinmnf `m f`~tmnm ckt >:e+x, m sflkhinmnf `m xmnmxft2

/m) 6:e+x /h) 4::e+x/d) >:e+x /n) =::e+x

46 Hklk}vf S zmtm sftnmnfitk f C zmtm cmlxk, f emt}vfm ml~ft`m~ism hkttf~m.I K zti`hzik nf Dft`kvlli fx~mdflfhf }vf, }vm`nk ve clvink/mt), zmxxm`nk zkt ve ~vdk, m~i`gf vem tfx~tik kvfx~tfi~mef`~k nfxxf ~vdk, m sflkhinmnf nk clvink }vf zmxxmzkt fxxm tfx~tik mvef`~mnm f xvm ztfxxk tfnvrinm. / )II M nf`xinmnf nk mt smtim fe ztkzktk i`nitf~m hke mztfxxk f nitf~mef`~f hke m ~fezftm~vtm. / )III . / )/m) S % S /h) C % C/d) S % C /n) C S

43 % Cmm mx nfsinmx mxxkhimfx f emt}vf m ml~ft`m~ismhkttf~m.

FX^MDILINMNF XVZFTZFTCHIFZTIETIM NF HK@^TKLF

M Lk`gi~vni`ml / ) Fx~mdilirmnkt sft~ihml.D Nitfhik`ml / ) Fx~mdilirmnkt oktirk`~ml.H Lm~ftml / ) Mxm.

/m) M H % D /h) D M % H/d) D H % M /n) H D M

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47 Mx cigvtmx mdmik fx~k tflmhik`mnmx hke mmftkni`eihm nf oflihz~ftkx. Emt}vf m ml~ft`m~ism hkttf~m.

CIGVTM =

CIGVTM 4

CIGVTM 8

/m) M CIGVTM = tfztfxf`~m k zti`hzik nm ztfhfxxkgitkxhzihm./d) M CIGVTM 4 tfztfxf`~m k eksief`~k nf msm`k f tfhvk./h) M CIGVTM 8 tfztfxf`~m mk nk dm~ief`~k./n) Mx cigvtmx tfztfxf`~me k fcfi~k hk`f.

4? % M cigvtm mdmik tfztfxf`~m }vml ~izk nf mttmx~k;

/m) nf zftcil. /h) nf mftkclik./d) zmtmxi~m. /n) i`nvrink.

49 % Emt}vf m ml~ft`m~ism hkttf~m./m) Kx ~m`}vfx nf lfk nmx mftk`msfx nfsfe xft hofikx m~xvm hmzmhinmnf eiem./d) Zknf%xf vxmt mt hkeztieink zmtm liezmt mx ekx kv mxtkvzmx./h) lfk vxmnk f clvink nf liezfrm xvbk nfsfe xftnfxzfbmnkx iefnim~mef`~f `k tmlk nk mxxkmlok./n) M xklnmgfe fe vem mftk`msf nfsf xft tfmlirmnm, xfzkxxsfl, fe tfm f~ft`m.

8: % Zvdlihmk mftk`v~ihm }vf hk`~e dtfsf i`cktemknfxhti~ism, f i`x~tvfx nf~mlomnmx, zmxxk m zmxxk, mhfthmnf ~tmdmlok `ktemlef`~f vxmnk `vem v`inmnf/hkezk`f`~f) tfeksinm nk msik./m) Dklf~i`x. /h) Em`vml nf tfzmtk fx~tv~vtmix./d) Em`vml nf em`v~f k. /n) Em`vml nf tfsixk.

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