Monografia de Teorias de Sistema en La Administracion Publica

8/18/2019 Monografia de Teorias de Sistema en La Administracion Publica

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“AÑO DE LA PROMOCION DE LA INDUSTRIA RESPONSABLE

Y DEL COMPROMISO CLIMÁTICO”

TEMA:

TEORIA DE SISTEMAS Y SU APLICACIÓN EN LA ADMINISTRACION PÚBLICA.

NOMBRE:

RUTH LAGUNA GARCIA

CICLO:

II

CURSO:

ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA

PROFESOR:

JOSE RAUL ORTIZ

2014


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SUMARIO

ContenidoSUMARIO................................................................................................................2

DEDICATORIA.........................................................................................................4

INTRODUCCION...................................................................................................... 5CAPITULO I..............................................................................................................6

1. DEFINICION................................................................................................... 6

1.1. BASAMENTOS LEGALES DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PBLICA........................6

1.2. LE! ORG"NICA DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN FINANCIERA DEL SECTORPBLICO.............................................................................................................. 6

1.# CONCEPTO$................................................................................................... 6

1.4 CARACTER%STICAS$........................................................................................6

1.5 IMPORTANCIA$...............................................................................................&

CAPITULO II...........................................................................................................1'

2 LE! DE PRESUPUESTO DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PBLICA...............................1'

2.1. CONCEPTO$................................................................................................ 1'

2.2. CARACTER%STICAS$.....................................................................................1'

2.#. IMPORTANCIA$............................................................................................ 11

CAPITULO III..........................................................................................................12

#. REGLAMENTO DE LA LE! DE PRESUPUESTO DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓNPBLICA.............................................................................................................12

#.1 CONCEPTO$................................................................................................. 12

#.2 CARACTER%STICAS$......................................................................................12

#.#. IMPORTANCIA$............................................................................................ 14

CAPITULO I(......................................................................................................... 15

4. PAPEL E IMPORTANCIA DE LA TEOR%A..........................................................15

4.1 LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PBLICA COMO REALIDAD ORGANI)ATI(A

DIFERENCIADA..................................................................................................164.2. EL ESTRUCTURALISMO DE *EBER+ APORTES ! CR%TICAS...........................1&

4.# INSUFICIENCIA DE LA (ISIÓN *EBERIANA PARA COMPRENDER ! E,PLICARLA COMPLE-IDAD DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PBLICA COMO ORGANI)ACIÓN... ..1

4.4. OTRAS (ISIONES NECESARIAS...................................................................21

4.5. CARACTERI)ACIÓN ORGANI)ACIONAL DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PBLICA(ENE)OLANA....................................................................................................... 22

CAPITULO (.......................................................................................................... 2/

5. ENFO0UE SISTEMICO DE LA ADMINISTRACION PBLICA...............................2/

5.1 TEORIA DE SISTEMAS .................................................................................2/

5.2 SISTEMA$..................................................................................................... 2/


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5.#. (ISION OLISTICA$..................................................................................... 2/

5.4. CONCEPTO DE SISTEMAS........................................................................... 2/

5.5 CARACTER%STICAS DE LOS SISTEMAS..........................................................2/

6. REPRESENTACIÓN GENRICA DE UN SISTEMA..................................................2&

6.1 CONCEPTOS CLA(E DE LA TEORIA DE SISTEMAS RECURSI(IDAD...............2&

6.2 LA ADMINISTRACION PBLICA.....................................................................2&

6.# RELACIÓN ESTADO......................................................................................2&

6.4 LE!ES 0UE ENMARCAN LA ADMINISTRACION PUBLICA PERUANA................2&

6.5 CUADRO DE CANTIDADES DE INSTITUCIONES PBLICAS............................2

6.6 ENFO0UE SISTEMICO 31.............................................................................2

6./ ENFO0UE SISTEMICO 32.............................................................................2

6.& ENFO0UE SISTEMICO 3#.............................................................................2

6. PASOS PARA EL ANALISIS 34.......................................................................26.1' SISTEMA TRIDIMENSIONAL DEL DR. -UAN IGNACIO -IMNE) NIETO 35... ..2

6.11 ENFO0UE SISTMICO DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PUBLICA 36......................2

6.12 LOS SISTEMAS ADMINISTRATI(OS DE APLICACIÓN NACIONAL...................#1

6.1# CR%TICAS AL ENFO0UE SISTMICO............................................................#1

CONCLUSIONES.................................................................................................... #2

BIBLIOGRAF%A....................................................................................................... ##


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DEDICATORIA Agradezc a d!" #r $% d&a '(" de

)!da* agradezc a '!" #adre" #r e+a#, !%c%d!c!%a+ #ara $% -$$r'e/r , a $"ed #r-e"r #r +ae%"e0a%za de cada d&a #ara e%ade+a%e" "er 'e/re" "ere"1$'a%" , #r-e"!%a+e"c'#ee%e"


5/33

INTRODUCCION

L" S!"e'a" Ad'!%!"ra!)" e% e+ Secr P23+!c* "e de-!%e% c' e+ c%/$% de %r'a"*#rced!'!e%"* #r!%c!#!" de a#+!cac!4%* re-er!d" a cada $%a de +a" ac!)!dade"

de"arr++ada" #r +a ad'!%!"rac!4% g$3er%a'e%a+* +" '!"'" 5$e e"(% r!e%ad" #r $%

c%/$% de d!"#"!!)" +ega+e" , reg+a'e%a% , e"a3+ece% #rced!'!e%" #ara "$

e/ec$c!4%6 #r + a%* cada $% de+" "!"e'a" !e%e 3/e!)" #r#!" , e"#ec&-!c".

L" "!"e'a" 5$e -r'a% #are de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca !e%e% +a caracer&"!ca #r!%c!#a+

e% da Ge"!4% P23+!ca* e" dec!r* 5$e !%c+$,e% , a+ca%za% 1r!z%a+ , )er!ca+'e%e a da"

+a" !%"!$c!%e" de+ E"ad* #ara 5$e cada $%a de +" "!"e'a" #ere e% -r'a e"r$c$ra+*%r'a%d , #r')!e%d 'eca%!"'" de e)a+$ac!4% , c%r+* a -!% de dar+e c1ere%c!a a

"$ -$%c!%a'!e% , e/ec$c!4%* a"& c' +a" $%!dade" ad'!%!"ra!)a" , e/ec$ra" 5$e +

#ere%* a -!% 5$e "$ ge"!4% "e ++e)e a ca3 de"ce%ra+!zada , e-!c!e%e'e%e6 #r + a%* +a

de"ce%ra+!zac!4% #era!)a "!g%!-!ca 5$e +a" $%!dade" e/ec$ra" ac2a% c% c!era

a$%'&a e% +a a#+!cac!4% , e/ec$c!4% de "$" #rce""* de#e%d!e%d de $% 4rga% ce%ra+.

E" $% 7r'!% de +&'!e" !'#rec!"" 5$e c'#re%de e+ c%/$% de rga%!zac!%e"

#23+!ca" 5$e rea+!za% +a -$%c!4% ad'!%!"ra!)a , de ge"!4% de+ E"ad , de r"

e%e" #23+!c" c% #er"%a+!dad /$r&d!ca* ,a "ea% de ('3! reg!%a+ +ca+.

Pr "$ -$%c!4%* +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca #%e e% c%ac d!rec a +a c!$dada%&a

c% e+ #der #+&!c* "a!"-ac!e%d +" !%ere"e" #23+!c" de -r'a !%'ed!aa* #r

c%ra"e c% +" #dere" +eg!"+a!) , /$d!c!a+* 5$e + 1ace% de -r'a 'ed!aa.

Se #$ede de-!%!r c' e+ c%e%!d e"e%c!a+ de +a ac!)!dad crre"#%d!e%e a+ Pder

E/ec$!)* , "e re-!ere a +a" ac!)!dade" de ge"!4%* 5$e e+ !$+ar de +a '!"'a

de"e'#e0a "3re +" 3!e%e" de+ E"ad #ara "$'!%!"rar+" de -r'a !%'ed!aa ,

#er'a%e%e* a +a "a!"-acc!4% de +a" %ece"!dade" #23+!ca" , +grar c% e++ e+ 3!e%

ge%era+* d!c1a ar!3$c!4% !e%de a +a rea+!zac!4% de $% "er)!c! #23+!c* , "e "'ee a+

'arc /$r&d!c e"#ec!a+!zad 5$e %r'a "$ e/erc!c! , "e c%cre!za 'ed!a%e +a

e'!"!4% , rea+!zac!4% de+ c%e%!d de ac" ad'!%!"ra!)" e'!!d" e8#r-e".


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CAPITULO I

1. DEFINICION.

1.1. BASAMENTOS LEGALES DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA

1.2. LEY ORGÁNICA DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN FINANCIERA DEL SECTORPÚBLICO

1.3 CONCEPTO: Ar!"#$% 1.& E"a Le, !e%e #r 3/e reg$+ar +a ad'!%!"rac!4%

-!%a%c!era* e+ "!"e'a de c%r+ !%er% de+ "ecr #23+!c* , +" a"#ec" re-er!d" a

+a crd!%ac!4% 'acrec%4'!ca* a+ 9%d de E"a3!+!zac!4% Macrec%4'!ca , a+

9%d de A1rr I%erge%erac!%a+.

Ar&c$+ :.; La ad'!%!"rac!4% -!%a%c!era de+ "ecr #23+!c c'#re%de e+ c%/$% de

"!"e'a"* 4rga%"* %r'a" , #rced!'!e%" 5$e !%er)!e%e% e% +a ca#ac!4% de

!%gre"" #23+!c" , e% "$ a#+!cac!4% #ara e+ c$'#+!'!e% de +" -!%e" de+ E"ad* ,

e"ar( reg!da #r +" #r!%c!#!" C%"!$c!%a+e" de +ega+!dad* e-!c!e%c!a* "+)e%c!a*

ra%"#are%c!a* re"#%"a3!+!dad* e5$!+!3r! -!"ca+ , crd!%ac!4% 'acrec%4'!ca.

1.' CARACTER(STICAS:

La Le, Org(%!ca de Ad'!%!"rac!4% 9!%a%c!era de+ Secr P23+!c e'a%a

d!"#"!c!%e" e% re+ac!4% c% e+ "!"e'a #re"$#$e"ar! e% c$a% a<

• La )!%c$+ac!4% de+ "!"e'a #re"$#$e"ar! c% e+ M!%!"er! de 9!%a%za" , "$

crd!%ac!4% c% +" r" "!"e'a" de ad'!%!"rac!4% -!%a%c!era< Te"rer&a*

Cr7d! P23+!c* C%a3!+!dad , C%r+ I%er%.• =!%c$+ac!4% de + Pre"$#$e" #23+!c" c% +" #+a%e" %ac!%a+e"* reg!%a+e"

, +ca+e"* e+a3rad" "!g$!e%d +" +!%ea'!e%" de+ #+a% de de"arr++ec%4'!c , "c!a+* a+ '!"' !e'#* 5$e "e a/$"ara a +" d!"#$e" e% e+

Marc P+$r!a%$a+ de+ #re"$#$e" c' e+ P+a% O#era!) a%$a+.


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• La" Re"#%"a3!+!dade" 5$e "% a#+!cada" a +" -$%c!%ar!" e%cargad" de +a

ad'!%!"rac!4% -!%a%c!era de+ "ecr #23+!c.• E% 'aer!a #re"$#$e"ar!a* e+ reg+a'e% "e0a+a d!"#"!c!%e" e"#ec&-!ca" a

+a" c$a+e" "e de3e% ce0!r +" e%e" de"ce%ra+!zad" "!% -!%e" e'#re"ar!a+e"*

de c%-r'!dad c% e+ ar&c$+ > de e"a +e,.

Ar!"#$% ).& E"(% "$/e" a +a" reg$+ac!%e" de e"a Le,* c% +a" e"#ec!-!c!dade"

5$e +a '!"'a e"a3+ece* +" e%e" $ rga%!"'" 5$e c%-r'a% e+ "ecr #23+!c*

e%$'erad" "eg$!da'e%e<

?. La Re#23+!ca.

:. L" e"ad".

@. E+ D!"r! Mer#+!a% de Caraca".

. L" d!"r!".

. L" '$%!c!#!".

>. L" !%"!$" a$4%'".

. La" #er"%a" /$r&d!ca" e"aa+e" de derec1 #23+!c.

. La" "c!edade" 'erca%!+e" e% +a" c$a+e" +a Re#23+!ca +a" de'(" #er"%a" a

5$e "e re-!ere e+ #re"e%e ar&c$+ e%ga% #ar!c!#ac!4% !g$a+ 'a,r a+ c!%c$e%a #r

c!e% de+ ca#!a+ "c!a+. $edar(% c'#re%d!da" ade'("* +a" "c!edade" de

#r#!edad a+'e%e e"aa+* c$,a -$%c!4%* a ra)7" de +a #"e"!4% de acc!%e" de

ra" "c!edade"* "ea crd!%ar+a ge"!4% e'#re"ar!a+ #23+!ca de $% "ecr de +a

ec%'&a %ac!%a+.

F. La" "c!edade" 'erca%!+e" e% +a" c$a+e" +a" #er"%a" a 5$e "e re-!ere e+ %$'era+a%er!r e%ga% #ar!c!#ac!4% !g$a+ 'a,r a+ c!%c$e%a #r c!e% de+ ca#!a+ "c!a+.

?. La" -$%dac!%e"* a"c!ac!%e" c!)!+e" , de'(" !%"!$c!%e" c%"!$!da" c%

-%d" #23+!c" d!r!g!da" #r a+g$%a" de +a" #er"%a" re-er!da" e% e"e ar&c$+*

c$a%d +a a+!dad de +" a#re" #re"$#$e"ar!" c%r!3$c!%e" e% $% e/erc!c!

e-ec$ad" #r $%a )ar!a" de +a" #er"%a" re-er!da" e% e+ #re"e%e ar&c$+*

re#re"e%e e+ c!%c$e%a #r c!e% '(" de "$ #re"$#$e".


8/33

A"& '!"'* c%e'#+a 5$e +" 4rga%" , e%e" 'e%c!%ad" c$'#+!r(% e+ #rce"

#re"$#$e"ar! c% 3a"e e% e+ #+a% de c$e%a" #re"$#$e"ar! #re"cr! #r +a

O-!c!%a Nac!%a+ de #re"$#$e" O%a#re.

1.* IMPORTANCIA:

E"a +e, "e re-!ere a +a" d!"#"!c!%e" 5$e 'a%!-!e"a% +" a"#ec" '(" !'#ra%e"

, re+e)a%e" e8!"e%e" e% +a ad'!%!"rac!4% #23+!ca de+ e"ad )e%ez+a%. E% e++a

"e e%c$e%ra% 3/e!)" c' #r e/e'#+ e+ 5$e d!ce 5$e a++& "e reg$+a +a

ad'!%!"rac!4% -!%a%c!era* e+ "!"e'a de c%r+ !%er% de+ "ecr #23+!c* , +"

a"#ec" re-er!d" a +a crd!%ac!4% 'acrec%4'!ca* a+ 9%d de E"a3!+!zac!4%

Macrec%4'!ca , a+ 9%d de A1rr I%erge%erac!%a+. Ta'3!7% "e d!ce 5$e +"

"!"e'a" de #re"$#$e"" c' cr7d! #23+!c* e"rer&a , c%a3!+!dad , +a

ad'!%!"rac!4% de 3!e%e"* c%-r'a% e% c%/$% +a ad'!%!"rac!4% -!%a%c!era de+

"ecr #23+!c.

Se 1a3+a a'3!7% de +" e%e" de"ce%ra+!zad" "!% -!%e" e'#re"ar!a+e"* a +" 5$e %

rea+!za% ac!)!dade" de #rd$cc!4% de 3!e%e" "er)!c!" de"!%ad" a+a )e%a ,

c$," !%gre"" rec$r"" #r)e%ga% -$%da'e%a+'e%e de+ #re"$#$e" de +a

Re#23+!ca6 '!e%ra" 5$e* #r e%e" de"ce%ra+!zad" c% -!%e" e'#re"ar!a+e" "e

c%ce% a5$e++" c$,a ac!)!dad #r!%c!#a+ e" +a #rd$cc!4% de 3!e%e" "er)!c!"

de"!%ad" a +a )e%a , c$," !%gre"" rec$r"" #r)e%ga% -$%da'e%a+'e%e de

e"a ac!)!dad. L" !%gre"" de ca#!a+* "% a5$e++" !%gre"" #r c%ce# de )e%a"

de ac!)" , #r c%ce# de ra%"-ere%c!a" c% -!%e" de ca#!a+. Td e" e" de

gra% !'#ra%c!a #ara e+ "ecr #23+!c #r5$e e"" )a% a !%-+$e%c!ar e% +" 3!e%e"

#rd$c!d" #r d!c1 "ecr.

E% e"a +e,* "e #re"e%a d + c%cer%!e%e a +" #re"$#$e""* d%de "e !%d!car(%+a" $%!dade" ad'!%!"ra!)a" 5$e e%ga% a "$ carg +a #rd$cc!4% de 3!e%e" ,

"er)!c!" #re)!"a. C$a%d e% d!c1" #re"$#$e"" "e !%c+$,a% cr7d!" #ara 3ra"*

3!e%e" "er)!c!"* a "$ )ez "e !%c+$!r( +a !%-r'ac!4% crre"#%d!e%e a "$ '%

a+* e+ cr%gra'a de e/ec$c!4%* +" rec$r"" ergad" e% e/erc!c!" #recede%e"*

+" 5$e "e ergar(% e% e+ -$$r , +a re"#ec!)a a$r!zac!4% #ara ga"ar e% e+

e/erc!c! #re"$#$e"ar! crre"#%d!e%e6 a'3!7%* #ara e+ #re"$#$e" de ga"" de

+a Re#23+!ca "e !de%!-!car( +a #rd$cc!4% de 3!e%e" , "er)!c!" 5$e cada $% de +"

rga%!"'" rde%adre" "e #r#%e a+ca%zar e% e+ e/erc!c! , +" cr7d!"

#re"$#$e"ar!" crre"#%d!e%e".


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L" #re"$#$e"" de +" e%e" de"ce%ra+!zad"* c'#re%der(% +" !%gre""* ga"

d e" crre"#%d!e%e a+ e/erc!c! ec%4'!c e% e+ 5$e "e e%c$e%re. L"

#re"$#$e"" de ga"" !de%!-!car(% +a #rd$cc!4% de 3!e%e" , "er)!c!"* a"& c'

+" cr7d!" #re"$#$e"ar!" re5$er!d" #ara e++.

L" -$%c!%ar!" 5$e "e e%carga% de +a ad'!%!"rac!4% , +!5$!dac!4% de !%gre""

%ac!%a+e" de +a rece#c!4%* c$"d!a% , 'a%e/a% +" -%d" 3!e%e" #23+!c"* +"

c$a+e" #re"ar(% ca$c!4% a%e" de e%rar e% e/erc!c! de "$" -$%c!%e"* e% +a c$a%&a

, -r'a 5$e deer'!%e e+ reg+a'e% de e"a Le,. La "!g$!e%e +e, 3$"ca +a

"!"e'a!zac!4% de da +a !%-r'ac!4% -!%a%c!era* e% ara" de c%"r$!r $% )erdader

"!"e'a de !%-r'ac!4%* c' 1erra'!e%a c+a)e #ara e+ e/erc!c! e5$!+!3rad ,

ra%"#are%e de +a -$%c!4% -!%a%c!era de+ "ecr #23+!c.

E"a +e, rg(%!ca !e%e c' 3/e de reg$+ac!4% +a c'#!+ac!4% /$r&d!ca de+ r7g!'e%

de ad'!%!"rac!4% -!%a%c!era de+ "ecr #23+!c* de 'aer!a" a%e" d!"#er"a" e% e+

rde%a'!e% /$r&d!c. A"& '!"' #er"!g$e +a rga%!zac!4% de+ "!"e'a

#re"$#$e"ar!* rde%(%d"e a"& +a creac!4% +a" O-!c!%a" Nac!%a+e"* de%r de +a"

c$a+e" "e !%"!$,e +a O-!c!%a Nac!%a+ de Pre"$#$e"* ONAPRE* c% -ac$+ade" de

crd!%adr de +a #+&!ca -!%a%c!era e% 'aer!a #re"$#$e"ar!a ar. :? LOA9SP.


10/33

CAPITULO II

2 LEY DE PRESUPUESTO DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA

2.1. CONCEPTO:

La #re"e%e Le, !e%e c' 3/e e"a3+ecer +" #r!%c!#!" , 3a"e" 5$e r!ge% +arga%!zac!4% , e+ -$%c!%a'!e% de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca6 +" #r!%c!#!" ,+!%ea'!e%" de +a rga%!zac!4% , -$%c!%a'!e% de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!caNac!%a+ , de +a ad'!%!"rac!4% de"ce%ra+!zada -$%c!%a+'e%e6 a"& c' reg$+ar +"c'#r'!"" de ge"!4%6 crear 'eca%!"'" #ara #r')er +a #ar!c!#ac!4% , e+c%r+ "3re +a" #+&!ca" , re"$+ad" #23+!c"6 , e"a3+ecer +a" %r'a" 3("!ca""3re +" arc1!)" , reg!"r" #23+!c".

2.2. CARACTER(STICAS:

La +e, rg(%!ca de +a ad'!%!"rac!4% #23+!ca e8#re"a +" #r!%c!#!" , +!%ea'!e%"5$e r!ge% +a rga%!zac!4%* -$%c!%a'!e% de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca. I%d!ca +a"re"#%"a3!+!dade" c!)!+* +a3ra+* '!+!ar* #e%a+* ad'!%!"ra!)a d!"c!#+!%ar!a der!)adade +a )!+ac!4% 'e%" ca3 de +" derec1" 1$'a%" de $% #ar!c$+ar* #r $% aca rde% de $% -$%c!%ar! #23+!c.

La Ad'!%!"rac!4% P$3+!ca* e" $%a rga%!zac!4% 5$e e"a c%-r'ada #r +a"#er"%a" /$r&d!ca" e"aa+e" e%e" , #r "$" 4rga%"* c' + #rec!"a +a Le,Org(%!ca de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca e% e+ Ar&c$+ ?< L" 4rga%" , e%e" de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca "e crea%* 'd!-!ca% , "$#r!'e% #r +" !$+are" de +a#e"ad rga%!za!)a* c%-r'e a + e"a3+ec!d e% +a C%"!$c!4% de +a Re#23+!caB+!)ar!a%a de =e%ez$e+a , +a +e,.

Te%dr( e+ car(cer de e%e da rga%!zac!4% ad'!%!"ra!)a de"ce%ra+!zada-$%c!%a+'e%e c% #er"%a+!dad /$r&d!ca #r#!a d!"!%a de +a Re#23+!ca* de +"e"ad"* de +" d!"r!" 'er#+!a%" , de +" '$%!c!#!".

S% 4rga%" +a" $%!dade" ad'!%!"ra!)a" de +a Re#23+!ca* +" e"ad"* +" d!"r!"'er#+!a%" , e%e" #23+!c" a +a" 5$e "e +e" ar!3$,a% -$%c!%e" 5$e e%ga%e-ec" /$r&d!c" -re%e a ercer"* c$,a ac$ac!4% e%ga car(cer #rece#!).


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2.3. IMPORTANCIA:

E"a Le, -$e creada c% +a -!%a+!dad de a'#+!ar , rga%!zar +a ad'!%!"rac!4% de+E"ad ae%d!e%d a +a rga%!zac!4% , c'#ee%c!a de +" #dere" #23+!c"*

e"a3+ec!d" e% +a C%"!$c!4% de -r'a de"ce%ra+!zada* reg$+a%d #+&!ca"ad'!%!"ra!)a" , e"a3+ec!e%d %r'a" 3("!ca" "3re +" arc1!)" , reg!"r"#23+!c".


12/33

CAPITULO III

3. REGLAMENTO DE LA LEY DE PRESUPUESTO DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓNPÚBLICA.

3.1 CONCEPTO: Ar&c$+ ?. E"e Reg+a'e% !e%e #r 3/e de"arr++ar +"a"#ec" !%1ere%e" a+ "!"e'a #re"$#$e"ar!* e"a3+ec!d" e% +a Le, Org(%!ca de+a Ad'!%!"rac!4% 9!%a%c!era de+ Secr P23+!c.

Ar&c$+ :. L" 4rga%" , e%e" "$/e" a +a Le, Org(%!ca de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4%9!%a%c!era de+ Secr P23+!c* -r'$+ar(% , a#+!car(% +a 7c%!ca de e+a3rac!4% de+#re"$#$e" #r Pr,ec" , Acc!%e" Ce%ra+!zada"* e%e%d!da" e"a" c' +a"caegr&a" #re"$#$e"ar!a" de 'a,r %!)e+ , #r acc!%e" e"#ec&-!ca" c'caegr&a" de 'e%r %!)e+. E"a 7c%!ca "e a#+!car( e% +a" re"a%e" ea#a" -a"e"de+ #rce" #re"$#$e"ar!* de c%-r'!dad c% +a" !%"r$cc!%e" 5$e a+ e-ec d!ce+a O-!c!%a Nac!%a+ de Pre"$#$e"* +a c$a+ #dr( crear de -!c! a$r!zar a"+!c!$d de +" 4rga%" e%e"* caegr&a" #re"$#$e"ar!a" e5$!)a+e%e" a +a""e0a+ada" e% e"e ar&c$+.

3.2 CARACTER(STICAS:

E+ reg+a'e% %K ? de +a +e, rg(%!ca de +a ad'!%!"rac!4% -!%a%c!era de+ "ecr #23+!c* "3re e+ "!"e'a #re"$#$e"ar! e" e8#+&c! e% +a 7c%!ca de #rgra'ac!4%#re"$#$e"ar!a a $!+!zar. A"& #$e"* +a 7c%!ca de e+a3rac!4% de+ #re"$#$e" #r #rgra'a e" +a 5$e de3e% -r'$+ar , a#+!car e% +a" d!"!%a" ea#a" de+ #rce"#re"$#$e"ar! +" 4rga%" , e%e" "$/e" a +a Le, rg(%!ca e ad'!%!"rac!4%-!%a%c!era e+ "ecr #23+!c. A"& '!"'* c%e'#+a 5$e +" 4rga%" , e%e"'e%c!%ad" c$'#+!r(% e+ #rce" #re"$#$e"ar! c% 3a"e e% e+ #+a% de c$e%a"#re"$#$e"ar! #re"cr! #r +a O-!c!%a Nac!%a+ de #re"$#$e".

Hace e"#ec!a+ 'e%c!4% a +a" %r'a" re+ac!%ada" c% +a e+a3rac!4% de+#re"$#$e" e% +" e%e" de"ce%ra+!zad" "!% -!%e" e'#re"ar!a+e". Dea++a e+

crrec #rceder e% + re-ere%e a +a -r'$+ac!4%* e/ec$c!4% , +!5$!dac!4% de+#re"$#$e"* e%re r" a"#ec".


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L" Ar&c$+" F* , ? "e0a+a% d!"#"!c!%e" c% re"#ec a +a -ac$+ad de +ade+egac!4% de a$r!dad e% c$a% a rde%ar c'#r'!"" de #ag"* 'a%e/ar +"cr7d!" #re"$#$e"ar!" , +a ce%ra+!zac!4% de ga""* "eg2% e+ ar&c$+ FF. L"re"#%"a3+e" de +" -%d" e% a%!c!# , de +a" ca/a" c1!ca" de3er(% re!%egrar +"re'a%e%e" de -%d" 5$e e%ga% e% "$ #der* e% +" 7r'!%" , e% +a #r$%!dad

5$e "e e"a3+ezca% e% +a" %r'a" 5$e a+ e-ec d!ce% +a O-!c!%a Nac!%a+ deC%a3!+!dad P23+!ca , +a O-!c!%a Nac!%a+ de Pre"$#$e".

E% e+ ca#&$+ I= de+ Reg+a'e% e% 'e%c!4%* e+ ar&c$+ F@ "e0a+a +a" d!"#"!c!%e"c% re"#ec a +" a/$"e" a+ a%e#r,ec de #re"$#$e".

Ar&c$+ F@. Se de%'!%a% re#rgra'ac!%e" de +a e/ec$c!4% de+ #re"$#$e"* a +a")ar!ac!%e" e% +a #rgra'ac!4% !%!c!a+'e%e a#r3ada de +a" 'ea" , )+2'e%e" dera3a/ , de +" ga"" ca$"ad" e% cada $%a de +a" caegr&a" #re"$#$e"ar!a"*#ar!da"* ge%7r!ca"* e"#ec&-!ca" , "$3 e"#ec&-!ca"* a"& c' de+ #re"$#$e" de ca/a, de'(" e"ad" -!%a%c!er"* 5$e "$r/a% c' c%"ec$e%c!a de 'd!-!cac!%e"#re"$#$e"ar!a" a#r3ada" #r e+ %!)e+ C'#ee%e de de")!ac!%e" "!g%!-!ca!)a"de +a e/ec$c!4% e% re+ac!4% c% +a #rgra'ac!4% #r "$ #er&d"* "!e'#re 5$e %'d!-!5$e% +" a+e" a%$a+e" de +" cr7d!" #re"$#$e"ar!"* +a" c$a+e" "er(%a#r3ada" "eg2% "e !%d!ca e% +" a#are" "!g$!e%e"* a +" -!%e" de+ c%r+ de +ae/ec$c!4% -&"!ca , -!%a%c!era de+ #re"$#$e".

La" re#rgra'ac!%e" r!g!%ada" #r +a" 'd!-!cac!%e" #re"$#$e"ar!a" c$,aa$r!zac!4% +e c'#ee a+ 4rga% e%e de ad"cr!#c!4% $e+a* de3er(% "er a#r3ada" #r e+ c!ad 4rga% e%e e% +a #r$%!dad de +a a#r3ac!4% de +a"

crre"#%d!e%e" 'd!-!cac!%e".E+ re" de +a" re#rgra'ac!%e" r!g!%ada" e% +a" 'd!-!cac!%e" de a#r3ac!4%!%er%a* a"& c' a5$e++a" 5$e "$r/a% #r +a" de")!ac!%e" "!g%!-!ca!)a" e%re +"'%" #rgra'ad" , +" e/ec$ad" #r "$ #er&d"* "er(% a$r!zada" #r e+re"#ec!) e%e.

La" re#rgra'ac!%e" e% re-ere%c!a* "e ra'!ar(% de c%-r'!dad c% +a" %r'a"5$e e"a3+ece e"e Reg+a'e% , +a" 5$e e"a3+ezca% +a O-!c!%a Nac!%a+ dePre"$#$e".

E% +" ar&c$+ "$3"!g$!e%e" F* F* F>* F , F "e 1ace re-ere%c!a a +a d!"r!3$c!4%ad'!%!"ra!)a6 , a +a #rgra'ac!4% , re#rgra'ac!4% de +a e/ec$c!4% #re"$#$e"ar!a.

C% re"#ec a +a" 'd!-!cac!%e" de +" cr7d!" #re)!"" a +" e%e"de"ce%ra+!zad"* e+ ar&c$+ ??@ e"#ec!-!ca 5$e e"" de3e% "er a#r3ad" #r +aONAPRE. S! d!c1a -!c!%a % "e #r%$%c!a e% 7r'!% de re!%a @ d&a" 1(3!+e"* e+"!"e'a #r#$e" "e c%"!derar( a#r3ad.

Ar!"#$% 113. La" "c!edade" 'erca%!+e" , +" e%e" de"ce%ra+!zad" c% -!%e"e'#re"ar!a+e"* de ac$erd a +a" !%"r$cc!%e" 5$e e'!a +a O-!c!%a Nac!%a+ de

Pre"$#$e"* ra'!ar(% +a" 'd!-!cac!%e" #re"$#$e"ar!a" re-er!da" a< +ad!"'!%$c!4% de +" re"$+ad" #era!)" ec%4'!c" #re)!""* 5$e a+ere%"$"a%c!a+'e%e +a !%)er"!4% #rgra'ada !%cre'e%e% e+ e%de$da'!e%


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a$r!zad* a ra)7" de+ 4rga% e%e de ad"cr!#c!4% a +a c!ada O-!c!%a* +a c$a+e'!!r( #!%!4% , +a "'eer( a +a a#r3ac!4% de+ Pre"!de%e de +a Re#23+!ca e%C%"e/ de M!%!"r"* d de c%-r'!dad c% + #re)!" e% e+ ar&c$+ : de +a Le,Org(%!ca de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% 9!%a%c!era de+ Secr P23+!c.

3.3. IMPORTANCIA:

E" !'#ra%e ,a 5$e de3!d a +a !'#ra%c!a 5$e re)!"e +a crreca -r'$+ac!4%*e/ec$c!4% , c%r+ de+ #re"$#$e" #23+!c e" %ece"ar!* 5$e +" -$%c!%ar!" 5$e!e%e% +a re"#%"a3!+!dad de e"!'ar +" !%gre"" , egre"" de+ e"ad c%ara% c%$% dc$'e% 5$e e8#+!cara +a 'a%era e% 5$e de3e% de"arr++ar e+ #rce"#re"$#$e"ar! c$'#+!e%d c% + e"a3+ec!d e% +a" +e,e".


15/33

CAPITULO I+

'. PAPEL E IMPORTANCIA DE LA TEOR(A

La e8e%"a )ar!edad de c%ce#c!%e" e8!"e%e" "3re +a" rga%!zac!%e"* %"!%d!ca* #r $%a #are +a d!-!c$+ad de ac$erd 5$e "e der!)a de+ car(cer #+!-ac7!c ,c'#+e/ de +a" rga%!zac!%e"* "!$ac!4% 5$e c' !%d!ca% Ra'!4 , Ba++ar ?FFF*%" 1a ++e)ad a $% e"ad de c%-$"!4% , -rag'e%ac!4% e4r!ca. S!% e'3arg deda" +a" )!"!%e" , #er"#ec!)a" c% 5$e "e raa a +a" rga%!zac!%e"* "! "e re)!"a+a 3!3+!gra-&a $!+!zada 5$eda #ae%e +a e%r'e ca%!dad de de-!%!c!%e" ,!#+g&a" e" #"!3+e e8raer c!er" #r!%c!#!" , #arad!g'a" a#+!ca3+e" , )(+!d"* ,a5$e +a rga%!zac!4% c' e%!dad c'#+e/a* ad'!e )ar!edad de raa'!e%"* #r +5$e '(" 5$e e8!"!r crr!e%e" )a+!da" errada"* + 5$e e8!"e e" a$"e%c!a dee"$d!" de +a" rga%!zac!%e" de"de $%a #er"#ec!)a g+3a+.

La" rga%!zac!%e" c%"!$,e% rea+!dade" c%-r'ada" #r '2+!#+e" d!'e%"!%e".De e"a a-!r'ac!4% #$ede% e8raer"e a+g$%a" c%c+$"!%e"< #r $%a #are "$ e"$d!1a ge%erad d!)er"a" crr!e%e" )!"!%e". E% "eg$%d +$gar* +a" rga%!zac!%e"c%"!$,e% e+ 3/e de e"$d! de d!)er"a" d!"c!#+!%a"* de a++& 5$e +a er&a de +arga%!zac!4% "ea c%"!derada c' $%a c!e%c!a "c!a+ de "eg$%da ge%erac!4% , "$ca'# c' "e0a+a Za% ?FF e% Ra'!4 , Ba++ar* ?FF@. =+. II % "4+ "e +!'!e ae'#re"a" , rga%!zac!%e" ec%4'!ca"* "!% 5$e a3ar5$e #ar!d"* a"c!ac!%e"*!g+e"!a" , +a ad'!%!"rac!4% #23+!ca. Pr 2+!'* 5$e %" e%c%ra'" a%e $% ca'#

de e"$d!" 3a"a%e /)e%.E% r "e%!d "e 3"er)a 5$e de"de e+ "$rg!'!e% de +a" #"!c!%e" de Ta,+r*9a,+ , e3er 1a"a %$e"r" d&a"* e+ c$er# e4r!c de +a" rga%!zac!%e" 1a !dad5$!r!e%d "e%!d #r(c!c* a$%5$e +a" d!"!%a" crr!e%e" 1a% !%c$rr!d e% e+ errr de 3a"ar "$" #"$ra" e% e%-5$e" #arc!a+e"* c' 2%!c"* "!% c%"!derar ra"d!'e%"!%e" !'#ra%e" de +a" rga%!zac!%e"* a"#ec 5$e "! -$e !%er#read #r +a Ter&a Ge%era+ de +" S!"e'a"* 5$e c'#re%d!4 5$e +a" rga%!zac!%e" c'-e%4'e%" '$+!d!'e%"!%a+e" de3e% a%a+!zar"e !%egra+'e%e.

A /$!c! de a$re" c' P-e--er ?F: , R3er"* H$+!% , R$""ea$ ?F* e%Ra'!4 , BaIIar* #.c! e" e" c%"ec$e%c!a de +" d!"!%" %!)e+e" de a%(+!"!" 5$ee'#+ea% +a" d!"c!#+!%a" 5$e e"$d!a a +a" rga%!zac!%e"* a"& +a "c!+g&a* +a c!e%c!a


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#+&!ca , +a ec%'&a !e%de% a e"$d!ar a +a" rga%!zac!%e" c' $%!dad* de"de$%a )!"!4% 'acr* '!e%ra" 5$e +a #"!c+g&a 1a 'ad ge%era+'e%e a+ !%d!)!d$'!e'3r de $%a rga%!zac!4% c' $%!dad de a%(+!"!".

Or -acr a c%"!derar* e" +a !'#ra%c!a 5$e 1a% ad5$!r!d +a" rga%!zac!%e" e%e+ '$%d ac$a+. E% +a 'ed!da e% 5$e -$er% ad5$!r!e%d #e" e"#ec&-!c e% +a

"c!edad , +a ec%'&a* de/ar% de "er 3/e de e"$d! e8c+$"!) e% "! '!"'a"* ,"e c'e%z4 a !%dagar "3re +" e-ec" 5$e "$" ac$ac!%e" #d&a% e%er e% +"!%d!)!d$"* +a "c!edad , +a ec%'&a de+ e"#ac! gegr(-!c d%de $)!era% "$!%-+$e%c!a. La Ter&a de +a Orga%!zac!4%* 3$"ca rec%"r$!r* 'ed!a%e $% a%(+!"!"e'#&r!c +a" reg$+ar!dade" e% e+ c'#ra'!e% 5$e caracer!za% a +a" re+ac!%e"e%re $%a #+$ra+!dad de )ar!a3+e" rga%!za!)a". Td e" #ar!e%d de +ac%)!cc!4% de 5$e !%de#e%d!e%e'e%e de +" -!%e" 5$e cada rga%!zac!4% #er"!ga, de +" "ecre" e"#ec&-!c" e% +" 5$e #ere* e"a e%dr( e% d ca"c'#ra'!e%" !c" , rec$rre%e"* #rec!"a'e%e #r "er $%a rga%!zac!4%.

Za%* O#. C!..

E% c$a% a +a de-!%!c!4% de rga%!zac!4%* e" %a3+e +a d!-!c$+ad de $% ac$erde%re +" e4r!c". S!% e'3arg* de +a re)!"!4% de a+g$%a" %c!%e" e%c%ra'"c' e+e'e%" caracer!zadre"< +a" -!%a+!dade" $ 3/e!)"* e+ e%r%* , +a -r'ac' "e rga%!za% , e"r$c$ra% +" c'#ra'!e%" !%d!)!d$a+e" de%r de +a"rga%!zac!%e"* e%re r". Td" e"" , r" e+e'e%" #$ede% e%er a#+!cac!4%ge%era+ e% e+ ('3! de +a ad'!%!"rac!4% #23+!ca. Para -!%a+!zar e"e #$% #$ede "er 2!+ re"a+ar +" e+e'e%" 5$e de+!'!a% a +a" rga%!zac!%e"<

?. U% gr$# de #er"%a" a"c!ada". :. #ara e+ +gr de $% -!% c'2%6

@. 5$e e"a3+ece% e%re e++a"* a a+ -!%* re+ac!%e" -r'a+!zada"<

. c% #ree%"!4% de c%!%$!dad e% e+ !e'#6

. +eg!!'ada" #r e+ "!"e'a "c!a+ e8er%* ,

>. C% +a #"!3!+!dad de "$"!$!r a "$" #r#!" '!e'3r" "!% 5$e #e+!gre +a

"$#er)!)e%c!a de +a #r#!a rga%!zac!4%. Ra'!4*#.c!De e"a e%$'erac!4% #$ede !%$!r"e +a e8!"e%c!a de c!era" d!'e%"!%e"rga%!zac!%a+e" -$%da'e%a+e"* 5$e 1a% "!d e"$d!ada" #r +a er&a de +arga%!zac!4%* d(%d"e+e" "eg2% +a crr!e%e de 5$e "e rae 'a,r #e" a $%a" e%der!'e% de ra"* + 5$e a %$e"r /$!c! c%"!$,e $% errr* ,a 5$e #ara $%ac'#re%"!4% g+3a+ de +a rga%!zac!4%* da" "% !'#ra%e".

'.1 LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA COMO REALIDAD ORGANI,ATI+ADIFERENCIADA.

E% c$a% a+ e"$d! de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% #23+!ca c' rea+!dad rga%!za!)a* +are)!"!4% de a"#ec" /$r&d!c"* ec%4'!c"* "c!+4g!c" , #+!+4g!c" #r "! "+"*


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#arece% !%"$-!c!e%e" da )ez 5$e +a" ad'!%!"rac!%e" #23+!ca" 1a% ad5$!r!d%$e)a" -$%c!%e" , 3/e!)" 5$e 1a% r!g!%ad "$"a%c!a+e" ca'3!" e% "$c'#"!c!4% , e"r$c$ra* de a+ -r'a 5$e +a a#r8!'ac!4% rga%!za!)a #arece!%e+$d!3+e. Ra'!4* #. C!. Har'% , Ma,er !%d!ca% 5$e +" ad'!%!"radre"#23+!c" ra3a/a% e% $% c%e8 rga%!zac!%a+ c'#+e/ rg(%!c* e% e+ 5$e "e

'a% dec!"!%e" 5$e a-eca% +a )!da de +" #ar!c$+are"* , #ara +a" 5$e "e e'#+ea%rec$r"" #23+!c"* "$" dec!"!%e" "e rea+!za% c% 3a"e a +a" +e,e" , %r'a"#23+!ca"* , "e /$"!-!ca% e% +a %ece"!dad de 5$e re"$e+)a% +" #r3+e'a" 5$e #$ede%"$rg!r e% +a "c!edad* ade'(" "e0a+a% 5$e +a ac!)!dad g$3er%a!)a "e c$#a ca"!e8c+$"!)a'e%e e% +a 'ed!ac!4% e%re $%a #are de +a "c!edad , ra Har'% ,Ma,er* ?FFF..

C% e"a" caracer&"!ca" a% #r#!a" de +a ad'!%!"rac!4% #23+!ca c'rga%!zac!4%* $% #r3+e'a dcr!%ar! -rec$e%e* 1a "!d e+ de+ 'eca%!"' deacerca'!e% e%re +a" ad'!%!"rac!%e" #23+!ca" , +a er&a de +a rga%!zac!4%* e"

dec!r* +a deer'!%ac!4% "3re "! +a" rga%!zac!%e" #23+!ca" , #r!)ada" d!-!ere%"!g%!-!ca!)a'e%e %* r" a$re" c' Ra'!4 , Se-a% Za%* a'3!7% re)!"a%e"a d!"c$"!4%* , e8#+!ca% 5$e $%a #r!'era #"$ra c%"!dera 5$e da" +a"rga%!zac!%e" "% -$%da'e%a+'e%e !d7%!ca" e% c$a% a e+e'e%"*caracer&"!ca" , #r3+e'a". E"a crr!e%e de-!%!da c' All alike paradigm,c%"!dera 5$e !%de#e%d!e%e'e%e de +a" d!-ere%c!a"* +a" rga%!zac!%e"re#rd$ce% +a" '!"'a" d!%('!ca" , c'#ra'!e%". U%a "eg$%da #"$ra* +a de+ A++ $%!5$e #arad!g' "e0a+a 5$e +a" rga%!zac!%e" "% da" d!-ere%e"* , 5$e e%c%"ec$e%c!a e" !%2!+ 3$"car reg$+ar!dad e% e+ c'#ra'!e% de cadarga%!zac!4%* e% e++a "e d!"!%g$e% +a" rga%!zac!%e" g$3er%a'e%a+e" #23+!ca"de +a" #r!)ada"* c' !dea de gra% !'#ra%c!a e% e+ e"$d! de +a ad'!%!"rac!4%#23+!ca* , 1a c%ad e%re "$" #ar!dar!" a !'#ra%e" a$re" c' A##e+3,*Da1+ , a+d.

La #r!'era #"$ra e" d'!%a%e e% +a 'a,r #are de+ #e%"a'!e% rga%!za!)*c% a+g$%a" re"er)a"* #e"e a + c$a+ %$e"ra #"!c!4% e% re+ac!4% c% e+ raa'!e%5$e de3e d(r"e+e a +a" rga%!zac!%e" #23+!ca"* c!%c!de c% +a de +a "eg$%da#"$ra* 5$e /$"!-!ca'" ,a 5$e "! 3!e%* +a" rga%!zac!%e" #23+!ca" de a+g$%a-r'a !e%e% +a" '!"'a" %ece"!dade" 5$e +a" rga%!zac!%e" #r!)ada" e% + re+a!)

a 3/e!)" , e-!c!e%c!a* , e% "$" z%a" '(" #era!)a" #$ede% %$r!r"e de +"c%c!'!e%" , 1erra'!e%a" 5$e a#ra +a er&a de +a rga%!zac!4% e% c$a% a"$ %a$ra+eza "e raa de rga%!zac!%e" d!-ere%e" de3!d a "$ r!e%ac!4%%r'a!)a* der!)ada de +" )a+re" #r#!" de+ e%r% #23+!c. E"e 1ec1 3+!ga ad!"cr!'!%ar de 'a%era ge%era+ a+ c%/$% de 7c%!ca" e !%"r$'e%" gere%c!a+e"#r)e%!e%e" de+ "ecr #r!)ad Ra'!4* #.c!..

La e8!"e%c!a de raz%e" 5$e /$"!-!ca% +a d!-ere%c!ac!4% rga%!za!)a #ara +a"ad'!%!"rac!%e" #23+!ca"* de ac$erd c% a+g$%" arg$'e%" 'ad" de +a+!era$ra e"#ec!a+!zada* "e0a+a%* de ac$erd c% Le!" G$%%* 5$e<

La ad'!%!"rac!4% #23+!ca "!e'#re !e%e e% 2+!' 7r'!% e+ '%#+! de+

#der "a%c!%adr , cac!)6


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E+ e%r% de +a" ad'!%!"rac!%e" #23+!ca" "$e+e "er '(" c'#+e/ dad 5$e

+a" #+&!ca" , #rgra'a" #23+!c" ac"$'3ra% a e"ar "$/e" a '2+!#+e"#re"!%e" de d !#

E++ 3+!ga a ac'dar $%a #+$ra+!dad de )a+re" e !%ere"e" e% +" #rce""

de dec!"!4% #+&!ca* + 5$e "e rad$ce e% 3/e!)" ge%era+e" , a3"rac"*

c%-$"" , 1a"a c%rad!cr!"* e !'#+!ca $%a d!-!c$+ad 3/e!)a a +a 1ra de!%e%ar 'ed!r , e)a+$ar a ac!)!dad de +a" ad'!%!"rac!%e" #23+!ca". La" de'a%da" de 'a,r a#er$ra* )!"!3!+!dad* , e% ge%era+* re"#%"a3!+!dad

#r +" 1ec1" , #r +" #rced!'!e%" "eg$!d"* "$#%e% re-rzar +"'eca%!"'" 5$e gara%!za% +a c%"!"e%c!a e% e+ !e'#* +a e5$!dad* +a /$"!c!a , +a !g$a+dad e% e+ ra de +" ca"" !%d!)!d$a+e". G$%% e% Ra'!4 ,Ba++ar. O#.C!

M!e%ra" +a" ad'!%!"rac!%e" P23+!ca" de"arr++e% e"e !# de -$%c!%e" "er(%

rga%!zac!%e" c'#+e/a"* , a+ '!"' !e'# e+ e'#+e de $% 'de+ rga%!za!)2%!c 5$e % "e crre"#%da a +a d!)er"!dad de -$%c!%e" ge%erar( #rce"" decr!"!". A%e e"" #r3+e'a" "e ad)!ere "!% e'3arg* 5$e % #$ede% "er "$"!$!d"#r 'de+" #r!)ad" , de ge"!4% 5$e #ree%da% a3arcar+ d* ,a 5$e e"ar&a%c%de%ad" a+ -raca".

'.2. EL ESTRUCTURALISMO DE -EBER APORTES Y CR(TICAS.

La er&a e3er!a%a* E"r$c$ra+!"a B$rcr(!ca* !e%e c' "$#$e"" #r!%c!#a+e"e+ #r3+e'a de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% e-!c!e%e , "!e%a +a" 3a"e" de -$%c!%a'!e% de +arga%!zac!4% 3$rcr(!ca. La 3ra de e3er* '$e"ra $%a re)!"!4% -a"c!%a%e de+-$%c!%a'!e% de +a "c!edad* , "$" #+a%ea'!e%" c%"!$,e% $% #$% dere-ere%c!a !%d!"c$!3+e #ara +a er&a de +a rga%!zac!4%. E+ 'de+ de rga%!zac!4%e3er!a% "e 1a c%)er!d e% e+ 'arc e4r!c e% e+ 5$e #era% +a" e"r$c$ra" ,+" #rce"" de +a 'a,r&a de +a" rga%!zac!%e" #23+!ca". Para e3er* +a3$rcrac!a c%"!$&a $% 'eca%!"' de rac!%a+!zac!4% de3!d a "$ "$#er!r!dad7c%!ca -re%e a ra" -r'a" rga%!za!)a"* ,a 5$e #!'!za ra#!dez* c+ar!dad*c%c!'!e% de arc1!)"* c%!%$!dad* d!"crec!4%* $%!dad* e"r!ca "$3rd!%ac!4%*red$cc!4% de -r!cc!%e" , de c"" 'aer!a+e" , #er"%a+e" e3er. ?F>F. Ade'("

-rece +a #"!3!+!dad de e'#+ear +a" -$%c!%e" ad'!%!"ra!)a" "eg2% cr!er!"#$ra'e%e 3/e!)" de 'a%era de e+!'!%ar de a"$%" -!c!a+e" +" e+e'e%""$3/e!)" #r#!" de+ "er 1$'a%.

A+g$%" a$re" ad)!ere%* "!% e'3arg 5$e e"a %c!4% c%++e)a r!e"g" c$a%d "$-r'$+ac!4% c' 'de+ !dea+ % "e 1ace de -r'a e8#+&c!a. U% de e"" r!e"g""e #rd$ce c$a%d +a 3a"e "3re +a 5$e "e -$%da e+ !# !dea+ 5$eda c$+a a% de+" c!e%&-!c" "c!a+e"* c' de+ 3"er)adr e8er%. E+ r "e #rd$ce c$a%d a+c%-$%d!r+* e% +$gar de "er c%"!derad c' $%a c%"r$cc!4% de+ 3"er)adr*a#arece c' $%a 'a%!-e"ac!4% de +a rea+!dad.

La ad'!%!"rac!4% 3$rcr(!ca e3er!a%a* "!g%!-!ca d'!%ac!4% #r e+ c%c!'!e%*!'#+!ca +a ra%"-ere%c!a de+ #der de+ +&der a+ e8#er* e" e" + 5$e +a 1ace rac!%a+.


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C' rga%!zac!4% c%"!$,e $% 'ed! e-!caz #ara de"e'#e0ar +a" -$%c!%e" 5$ee%ga a"!g%ada"* a ra)7" de +a "e#arac!4% de +a )!da #23+!ca de +a #r!)ada* +acreac!4% de dc$'e%"* +a -$%da'e%ac!4% de+ ra3a/ e% $% c%/$% de -$%c!%e"e"a3+ec!da" 'ed!a%e %r'a" +ega+e" rac!%a+e"* e"cr!a" , e81a$"!)a". E% e++a* e+#der de cada !%d!)!d$ de%r de +a rga%!zac!4% e" !'#er"%a+ , #r)!e%e de +a

%r'a 5$e crea e+ carg. L" carg" "e rga%!za% /er(r5$!ca'e%e , "$ de"e'#e0"e 3a"a e% +a e"#ec!a+!zac!4% de 5$!e% + dee%a. L" '!e'3r" de +a rga%!zac!4%% #"ee% +a #r#!edad de +" 'ed!" de #rd$cc!4%* "!% 5$e "% #r-e"!%a+e"*e"#ec!a+!"a" , a"a+ar!ad". E+ ra3a/ "e d!)!de "!"e'(!ca'e%e 1a,e"#ec!a+!zac!4% , de#ara'e%a+!zac!4%.

A1ra 3!e%* $% errr c'2% e" e+ de c%"!derar 5$e +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% #23+!ca e""!%4%!' de B$rcrac!a* !%de#e%d!e%e'e%e de+ !# de "!"e'a #+&!c* r7g!'e%#+&!c de +a rea+!dad de +" d!"!%" #a&"e"* c%)!e%e "e0a+ar 5$e % #de'"c%-$%d!r +a 3$rcrac!a e3er!a%a c% +a" ad'!%!"rac!%e" #23+!ca" de -r'a

a3"+$a. Sa%z ?FF> "e0a+a 5$e +" -$%c!%ar!" #23+!c" ra3a/a% de -r'a#r-e"!%a+* + 5$e "$#%e 5$e % "% #r#!ear!" de +" 'ed!" de #rd$cc!4%* ,5$e #r e++ de)e%ga% $% "a+ar!6 5$e "% "e+ecc!%ad"* c' e% +a rga%!zac!4%3$rcr(!ca #r "$" '7r!" , ca#ac!dade"* , 5$e "$ #der e"( deer'!%ad #r "$"c%c!'!e%" e"#ec!a+!zad". Ade'(" da ac$ac!4% #23+!ca de3e 1acer"e #r e"cr!* e% -r'a de e8#ed!e%e* #ara a"eg$rar +a "$/ec!4% a+ derec1 , "$%e$ra+!dad. Td" e"" e+e'e%" #r)e%!e%e" de +a 3$rcrac!a de e3er* e"(%#re"e%e" e% +a" ad'!%!"rac!%e" #23+!ca"* , c%!%2a% )!ge%e"* "!e%d de U!+!dad.

'.3 INSUFICIENCIA DE LA +ISIÓN -EBERIANA PARA COMPRENDER Y

E/PLICAR LA COMPLE0IDAD DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA COMOORGANI,ACIÓN.

E"a rga%!zac!4% !dea+ #r#$e"a #r e3er e" re)!"ada de -r'a cr&!ca #r a+g$%" a$re"* 5$!e%e" er'!%a% de c%-!g$rar +a Ter&a E"r$c$ra+!"a B$rcr(!ca. Mer% c%"!der4 5$e % #d&a e8!"!r $%a rga%!zac!4% a+'e%erac!%a+ de3!d a 5$e c$a%d e+ 'de+ #r#$e" #r e3er "e ra%"-r'a e% $%"!"e'a rga%!za!) rea+* "e e)!de%c!a% +a" d!"-$%c!%e" 5$e #rd$ce e+ c15$ee%re +a e"r$c$ra !dea+ , +a" #er"%a". C%"!dera c' +a" #r!%c!#a+e" -a++a" de+

'de+< La e8ce"!)a r!g!dez* e+ e8agerad a#eg +!era+ a +a" %r'a" e"cr!a" "!%#"!3!+!dad de "$ !%er#reac!4%* e8ce"!) -r'a+!"' #a#e+e , re+ac!%e" d!-&c!+e"e%e c+!e%e" c!$dada%"* e% e+ ca" de +a" ad'!%!"rac!%e" #23+!ca" , 3$r4craa"*de3!d a 5$e e"" e"(% c%ce%rad" e% +a rga%!zac!4% , % e% e+ e%r%*ade'(" de%$%c!4 +a e%de%c!a de +a de")!ac!4% 5$e #era c$a%d e+ 3$r4craa $!+!zaa +a rga%!zac!4% #ara a$'e%ar "$ #der* e"a$" e"a3!+!dad* + 5$e 1ace e"'"rar +" e-ec" #er)er"" de+ 'de+ 3$rcr(!c #e%"ad '(" c' de3er "er 5$e c' "er. Pr "$ #are Se+z%!cQ* e"$d!a +a ada#ac!4% de +a 3$rcrac!a a+a" e8!ge%c!a" e8er%a" -!/ada" #r +" c+!e%e" c!$dada%"* , #r#%e +a

!'#+a%ac!4% de $% a%(+!"!" -$%c!%a+ 5$e #er'!a +a re+ac!4% e%re e+ c'#ra'!e%r!g!%ad #r !%ere"e" , 'ea" d!)erge%e" de +" acre" !%errga%!za!)"* +a"-$erza" de+ e%r%6 , e+ "!"e'a e"a3+e de %ece"!dade" , 'eca%!"'". C% e"*


20/33

rec%ce +a e8!"e%c!a de $%a d!'e%"!4% -r'a+ , e"a3+e , $%a !%-r'a+ de e%r%"c!a+ 5$e +a" 1ace )ar!a3+e" , d!%('!ca". S$g!ere 5$e +a" rga%!zac!%e"* !e%e%5$e e%c%rar +" 'eca%!"'" %ece"ar!" #ara a"eg$rar "$ "$#er)!)e%c!a ,e"a3!+!dad. I%rd$ce e+ c%ce# de c#ac!4% c' e+ #rce" de a3"r3er %$e)" e+e'e%" e% +a c2#$+a d!rec!)a de $%a rga%!zac!4% c' 'ed! #ara

e)!ar +a" a'e%aza" a "$ e"a3!+!dad "$#er)!)e%c!a. Se+z%!cQ e% Ra'!4*O#.C!.E)!de%e'e%e* +" a#re" de Mer% , Se+z%!cQ* "% de -$%da'e%a+!'#ra%c!a #ara e"a crr!e%e. C% e++" e+ 'de+ 3$rcr(!c ga%4 -+e8!3!+!dad a+a#rar e+e'e%" re+ac!%ad" c% "$" #r3+e'a" de -$%c!%a'!e% , c%r+. S!%e'3arg* c% e+ #a" de +" a0" '$c1 1a% ca'3!ad" +a" -$%c!%e" de +a"ad'!%!"rac!%e" #23+!ca"* , '(" a2% "$ e%r%* #r + 5$e +a a#+!cac!4% de+ 'de+3$rcr(!c de3e ada#ar"e a +" ca'3!" "! "e #ree%de 5$e "$ a#+!cac!4%'a%e%ga )!ge%c!a. E"e #r3+e'a "e #$ede !+$"rar "! recrda'" +a ad)ere%c!a de5$e '!e%ra" +a" ad'!%!"rac!%e" #23+!ca" de"arr++e% "$" )ar!ada" -$%c!%e" 5$e+a" c%)!ere% e% rga%!zac!%e" c'#+e/a"* , 'a%e%ga% e+ 'de+ rga%!za!)

2%!c 5$e e'#+ea%* "e ge%erara% #rce"" de cr!"!". E+ #$% e"( e% d!-ere%c!ar +a"e"r$c$ra" #ara 5$e "ea% c1ere%e" c% +a" d!)er"a" -$%c!%e" , rac!%a+!dade"* ,-re%e a e"e 1ec1 "er&a %ece"ar! e'#+ear d!)er"" 'de+" rga%!za!)".

G. Mrga%* e% "$ ra3a/ I'(ge%e" de +a Orga%!zac!4% ?FF. "e0a+a 5$e +a r!g!deze !%erc!a de +a" rga%!zac!%e" e%!7%da"e B$rcr(!ca" ge%era e%"!4% c$a%d +a"#er"%a" #re"er)a% +a" e"r$c$ra" e8!"e%e" #ara 'a%e%er e+ #der 5$e der!)a dee++a"* c' "$cede c$a%d +" #rce"" d!"e0ad" #r +a rga%!zac!4% 3$rcr(!ca#ara c%r+ar a +" e'#+ead" "e $!+!za% #ara c%r+ar a +" "$#er!re". E"ade%$%c!a e" e"#ec!a+'e%e "!g%!-!ca!)a e% +" ac$a+e" ''e%" c$a%d +a"rga%!zac!%e" #23+!ca" 'a%e/a% 'a,r %2'er de -$%c!%e" , re5$!ere%e"r$c$ra" '(" -+e8!3+e" , ada#ada" a cada $%a de e++a".

C' "e e8#+!c4 a+ re"a+ar e+ car(cer e"#ec!a+ de +a ad'!%!"rac!4% #23+!ca +ae)+$c!4% de +a" "c!edade" de'cr(!ca" 1a ge%erad $% #rce" de crec!'!e%, -rag'e%ac!4% ad'!%!"ra!)a a+* 5$e e" rec'e%da3+e 1a3+ar* % ,a dead'!%!"rac!4% #23+!ca* "!% de ad'!%!"rac!%e" #23+!ca"* #ara a"& re-+e/ar 'e/r +a#+$ra+!dad de rea+!dade" 5$e "e e"c%de% e% +a ac$a+!dad 3a/ e+ %'3re ge%7r!cde ad'!%!"rac!4%. Sa%z* #.c!..

Ade'(" de +a a'#+!ac!4% de -$%c!%e" , area" , de+ a$'e% de +a c'#+e/!dad de+e%r%* e+ ca'3! ec%+4g!c e" a'3!7% $% -acr 5$e #$ede a'e%azar +a)!ge%c!ade +a" rga%!zac!%e" #23+!ca" !%"#!rada" e% e+ 'de+ 3$rcr(!c* da )ez 5$ee"" ca'3!" "e #rd$ce% de'a"!ad r(#!d #ara "er d!ger!d".

Ta'3!7% c%)!e%e re"a+ar e+ 1ec1 de 5$e e% +a rea+!dad* +a" rga%!zac!%e"#23+!ca" #r "$ c%e%!d #+&!c* "% a'#+!a" rede" de acre" c% !%ere"e"d!)erge%e" , d%de +a" ca+!c!%e" c%"!$,e% $%a d!'e%"!4% !'#ra%e. E"a

d!)erge%c!a de !%ere"e" #$ede dar +$gar a c%-+!c" 5$e e"(% #re"e%e"* , 5$e %-$er% c%"!derad" e% +a r&g!da e"r$c$ra 3$rcr(!ca e3er!a%a.


21/33

'.'. OTRAS +ISIONES NECESARIAS.

Pr d + a%e" e8#$e" de3e% e%er"e e% c%"!derac!4% r" e+e'e%" a +a

1ra de c'#re%der a +a" rga%!zac!%e" #23+!ca" de !%!c!ar #rce"" de ca'3!e% e++a". E"" e+e'e%" 5$e c%"!$,e% %$e"ra #r#$e"a* , "e 3a"a% e% +a"caracer&"!ca" c'$%e" de +a" rga%!zac!%e" #23+!ca" ,a re)!"ada". E% e"e"e%!d +a" rga%!zac!%e" "% e%!dade" "c!a+e" c% $%a )ar!edad de ('3!"Ra'!4* agr$#ad" e%< ('3! "c! ; 7c%!c 5$e !%egra e%r%* 3/e!)"*e"r$c$ra"* rec$r"" ec%+4g!c"* -!%a%c!er" , 'aer!a+e" , #rce""ad'!%!"ra!)". Ha, 5$e a0ad!r $% ('3! #+&!c c$+$ra+* e% e+ 5$e "e e%c$e%ra%e+e'e%" de #der* #r#!" de +a" d!%('!ca" #+&!ca" de +a rga%!zac!4% ,c$+$ra+e" c' +" )a+re" +a !de+g&a de "$" '!e'3r". U% ercer ('3!* 5$e "e1a ++a'ad de c%r+ , 'e/ra* "e e%c$e%ra re+ac!%ad c% e+ c%r+ de "$"e+e'e%"* #rce"" , ac"* %ece"ar!" #r +a" c%"a%e" ra%"-r'ac!%e"* a%!%er%a" c' de+ e%r%.

E"" re" ('3!"* "e agr$#a% e% c&rc$+" c%c7%r!c" c% #$%" de c%ac e%c'2% , "% de gra% !'#ra%c!a* % "4+ #ara e+ +gr de +" -!%e" , +a"$#er)!)e%c!a de +a rga%!zac!4%* "!% 5$e de3e% e%er"e e% c$e%a a+ de"arr++ar $%#rce" de ca'3! rga%!zac!%a+. La c'3!%ac!4% de e"" ('3!" c% +a"re+ac!%e" !%er rga%!zac!%a+e" e e%ra rga%!zac!%a+ Har'% , Ma,er* , e+c%e8 %r'a!)* c%"!$,e% $% e8ce+e%e 'arc #ara e+ a%(+!"!" de +a"

rga%!zac!%e" #23+!ca" de%r de +a er&a de +a rga%!zac!4%. L" #r!%c!#!" de+('3! %r'a!) a +" 5$e %" re-er!'" "% +" 5$e reg$+a e+

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#$ede de-!%!r"e c' e+ c%/$% de #dere"* -ac$+ade" , ar!3$c!%e" 5$e +e 1a%"!d a"!g%ada" +ega+'e%e #ara ac$ar e% "$" re+ac!%e" c% r" 4rga%" de+E"ad , c% +" #ar!c$+are"6 e+ de /erar5$&a6 +a de"ce%ra+!zac!4% err!r!a+ ,-$%c!%a+6 , e+ de crd!%ac!4%.

E+ e"$d! de +" a"#ec" /$r&d!c" e" de )!a+ !'#ra%c!a* '(" a2% c$a%d "e3"er)a 5$e !e%e% c!era" de-!c!e%c!a"* a+g$%a" de +a" c$a+e" "% e8#$e"a" #r Ja% Pra" ?FF> c$a%d de%$%c!a +a !%ca#ac!dad de+ derec1 ad'!%!"ra!) #arac'#re%der , a"!'!+ar e+e'e%" , 1erra'!e%a" de ge"!4% #r#!a" de +a er&a de+a rga%!zac!4%. E"e d!)rc! e%re e+ Derec1 ad'!%!"ra!)* 'eca%!"'" de

ge"!4% , +a er&a de +a rga%!zac!4% % de3e "r#re%der%"* dad 5$e ... E+


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Derec1 Ad'!%!"ra!) da)&a d'!%a%e "e e%c$e%ra a#r!"!%ad e% $%#arad!g'a 5$e % re"#%de ,a a +a d!%('!ca de +" 1ec1"* + 5$e c%d$ce a +ae"7r!+ %egac!4% , cr&!ca de +" '!"'" , 5$e !'#!de e+ d!a+g -ec$%d c% e+'a%ag'e% #23+!c. Pra"* #.c!. Cree'"* "!% e'3arg 5$e a+g$%" "ecre"dcr!%ar!" de #e" c'!e%za% a a3a%d%ar +a %c!4% de Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca

c' 'era e/ec$c!4% %r'a!)a* #ara "$"!$!r+ #r +a )!"!4% "!"e'(!ca de c%/$%de rec$r"" 1$'a%"* -!%a%c!er"* ec%+4g!c"* e%re r" #ara e+ +gr dedeer'!%ad" -!%e"* e% d!"!%" e%r%" , c% 'arc" %r'a!)" deer'!%ad".De"#$7" de e"a re)!"!4%* c%"!dera'" 5$e de3e% 1acer"e e"-$erz" #ara "$#erar +a" )!"!%e" !ca" de +" , * , 5$e da)&a "% )e%d!da". E"a" )!"!%e"ge%era+'e%e 1a% #ree%d!d !%rd$c!r ra%"-r'ac!%e" e% +a Ad'!%!"rac!4%P23+!ca -$%da'e%ada" e% 1erra'!e%a" de ge"!4% #r!)ada* 3)!a%d +a" #r-$%da"d!-ere%c!a" , +a" e"#ec!-!c!dade" #r#!a" de +a" rga%!zac!%e" #23+!ca" a%ada"d$ra%e e"e ra3a/* + 5$e #$ede ++e)ar a 1acer '(" e-!c!e%e'e%e + 5$e e"!%crrec. C% e" 5$ere'" re"a+ar +a !'#ra%c!a de c%cer , c'#re%der* %

"4+ 5$e +a" rga%!zac!%e" #23+!ca" "% d!-ere%e" a +a" #r!)ada" , 5$e !e%e%c!era" caracer&"!ca" 5$e +a" 1ace% c'#+e/a" , e"#ec!a+e"* "!% '(" !'#ra%ea2% 5$e e"a '!"'a c'#+e/!dad #$ede 1acer+a" '$, d!"!%a" e%re "!* #r + 5$e "e!e%e 5$e ae%der a "$" caracer&"!ca" c'$%e" e% c$a% 5$e #23+!ca"* , a "$"caracer&"!ca" e"#ec!a+e" e% c$a% 5$e cada $%a e" d!-ere%e ra"rga%!zac!%e" #23+!ca".

Pr ra #are 5$ere'" de"acar 5$e +" -acre" /$r&d!c" "% a% !'#ra%e"c' +" #+&!c"* c$+$ra+e" , rga%!zac!%a+e"* #r + 5$e "e 1ace %ece"ar!a $%are%)ac!4% de a+g$%" #"$+ad" , #r!%c!#!" de+ Derec1 Ad'!%!"ra!)c'#+e'e%ad c% e+ a%(+!"!" "!"7'!c de +a" rga%!zac!%e" #23+!ca".

'.*. CARACTERI,ACIÓN ORGANI,ACIONAL DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓNPÚBLICA +ENE,OLANA.Pr"%4 0#r!5"%4.

C' "ea 5$e 1a"a a1ra "e 1a% raad re-ere%c!a" e4r!ca" , #r!%c!#!"rga%!zac!%a+e"* "e !%e%ar( e% e"a #are 1acer $%a re)!"!4% de +a ad'!%!"rac!4%

#23+!ca )e%ez+a%a. E% e"e "e%!d "+ a 'a%era de e/e'#+* , % c% (%!' derea+!zar $% a%(+!"!" #r(c!c , dea++ad* "e re)!"ar( '$, "$c!%a'e%e e+ c%e8rga%!zac!%a+ de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca )e%ez+a%a de"de $% #$% de )!"a /$r&d!c* + 5$e e" 2!+ #ara c'#+e'e%ar +" #r!%c!#!" "e0a+ad" e% e+ c%e%!da%e" e8#$e". Se raa* "! "e 5$!ere de $% a%e8* $%a 'a%era de #re"e%ar +area+!dad #a+#a3+e de +a rea+!dad ad'!%!"ra!)a )e%ez+a%a. E" #er'!e 5$e e% $%ra3a/ '(" dea++ad #$eda% c'#+e'e%ar"e a'3" !#" de #r!%c!#!"< +"rga%!zac!%a+e" , +" /$r&d!c". Para raar de !de%!-!car e+ c%/$% de e%e" ,4rga%" 5$e c%-!g$ra% +a ad'!%!"rac!4% de+ E"ad )e%ez+a% de3e'" e%'arcar

a +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% #23+!ca c' c'#+e/ rg(%!c de%r de +a e"r$c$ra ge%era+de+ E"ad* e%!e%d e% c$e%a "$" #ec$+!ar!dade" -edera+e". E+ E"ad )e%ez+a%e"a c%"!$c!%a+'e%e c%-!g$rad c' $% E"ad 9edera+* e% e+ 5$e "e


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d!"!%g$e% re" %!)e+e" de rga%!zac!4% #+&!ca< e+ %!)e+ %ac!%a+* 5$e crre"#%de a+a Re#23+!ca6 e+ %!)e+ e"aa+* 5$e crre"#%de a +" e"ad" '!e'3r" de +a-ederac!4%6 , e+ %!)e+ '$%!c!#a+. E% cada $% de e"" %!)e+e" e8!"e $%a

Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca 5$e e" e+ !%"r$'e% de +a acc!4% #+&!ca a+ "er)!c! de +ac'$%!dad* c'#$e"a #r $% c%/$% de e%e" , 4rga%" 5$e +e "!r)e% #ara e+

de"arr++ de "$" -$%c!%e" , e+ +gr de +" -!%e" 5$e !e%e% c%"!$c!%a+'e%e#re"cr!". A1ra 3!e%* de3e 5$edar c+ar 5$e e% +a" re-ere%c!a" %r'a!)a" % "ee"a3+ece% e% ge%era+ #r!%c!#!" rga%!zac!%a+e" c' +" re)!"ad" e% +a #r!'era#are de e"e ra3a/.

A%e" de c%!%$ar c%)!e%e recrdar 5$e dcr!%ar!a'e%e "e d!"!%g$e e%re

Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca c' rga%!zac!4% c% #er"%a+!dad /$r&d!ca , car(cer "er)!c!a+ 5$e e"( !%egrada #r #+$ra+!dad de e%e" , 4rga%"6 , +a ad'!%!"rac!4%#23+!ca c' -$%c!4% caracer!zada #r '2+!#+e" ac!)!dade" 5$e 3$"ca% rea+!zar

c%crea'e%e +" 3/e!)" e"ada+e". E% e"e "e%!d* +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca)e%ez+a%a c' rga%!zac!4%* !e%e $%a "er!e de caracer&"!ca" e%re +a" 5$e ca3ede"acar +a $%!dad* +a $%!-r'!dad* +a a$%'&a* +a re"#%"a3!+!dad* +a"$3rd!%ac!4% , +a $%!)er"a+!dad. A+g$%" de e"" #r!%c!#!" re"#%de% a e+e'e%"#r#!" de +a e"r$c$ra 3$rcr(!ca* a%e" c'e%ada6 r" '(" %)ed""!%c+$!d" e% +a %$e)a Le, Org(%!ca de Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca* e%re r"!%"r$'e%" %r'a!)"* 3$"ca% r'#er +a r!g!dez #r#!a de+ 'de+ 3$rcr(!c*e"e #$% "er( a'#+!ad '(" ade+a%e.

E% e+ ca" de+ #r!%c!#! de $%!-r'!dad* "e c'#re%de 5$e "$ %ece"!dade%e%d!e%d 5$e +a d!)er"!dad de e%e" , 4rga%" 5$e !%egra% $%a Ad'!%!"rac!4%

P23+!ca #$ede "er de"c'$%a+* a"& c' e+ %2'er de -$%c!%e" 5$e de3e%c$'#+!r*"!% e'3arg "! "e !%c$rre e% e8ce"" #$ede c%)er!r"e e% -acr d!"-$%c!%a+.P$ede dec!r"e 5$e e% =e%ez$e+a +a" e"r$c$ra" ad'!%!"ra!)a" 1a% e%!d c!era$%!-r'!dad , % 1a% #re"e%ad gra%de" )ar!ac!%e" de"de $%a #er"#ec!)arga%!zac!%a+. S! "e a#rec!a #r e/e'#+ +a rga%!zac!4% '!%!"er!a+* #$ede3"er)ar"e 5$e +a '!"'a re"#%de a $% #ar4% '(" 'e%" $%!-r'e e% c$a% a"$ rga%!zac!4%.

C% +a e%rada e% )!ge%c!a de +a Le, Org(%!ca de Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca* e"a$%!-r'!dad #dr&a e8e%der"e a +a" g3er%ac!%e" de E"ad , a+ %!)e+ '$%!c!#a+* +c$a+ e% rea+!dad % e" %ada %$e). Ya +a c%"!$c!4% de ?F>? e"a3+ec&a e% "$ar&c$+ :* 5$e +a +e, #dr&a e"a3+ecer d!-ere%e" reg&'e%e" #ara +a rga%!zac!4%*g3!er% , ad'!%!"rac!4% de +" '$%!c!#!" ae%d!e%d a +a" c%d!c!%e" de#3+ac!4%* "!$ac!4% gegr(-!ca* de"arr++ ec%4'!c , r" -acre" de!'#ra%c!a. Para de"arr++ar e"e #r!%c!#! "e #r'$+g4 e% ?FF +a Le, Org(%!ca deR7g!'e% M$%!c!#a+* c' !%"r$'e% /$r&d!c #ara e"a3+ecer +a d!)er"!dadrga%!zac!%a+ de reg&'e%e" '$%!c!#a+e"* ae%d!e%d a +" e+e'e%" a%e"

de"cr!".


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E"a d!)er"!dad % "e +gr4 e%re ra" raz%e"* #r5$e +a re-er!da +e, e"a3+ec&a $%a-r'a de rga%!zac!4% 2%!ca* 5$e "e ada#a3a '$, 3!e% a $% '$%!c!#! $r3a% de'(" de 1a3!a%e"* #er 5$e % 'a3a e% c%"!derac!4% +a" #ec$+!ar!dade", )cac!%e" agr&c+a"* $r&"!ca"* -r%er!za"* !%d$"r!a+e" c'erc!a+e"* #re"e%e"e% '$c1" r" '$%!c!#!".

S!e%d e"a $%a de +a" cr&!ca" '(" !'#ra%e" 5$e "e 1!z a+ r7g!'e% '$%!c!#a+)e%ez+a% +a c%"!$c!4% de ?FFF e"a3+ece e% "$ ar&c$+ ?>F* 5$e +a +eg!"+ac!4%5$e "e d!ce #ara de"arr++ar +" #r!%c!#!" c%"!$c!%a+e" re+a!)" a +"'$%!c!#!"* de3e 3+!gar!a'e%e e"a3+ecer d!"!%" reg&'e%e" #ara "$rga%!zac!4%* g3!er% , ad'!%!"rac!4%. A+ dergar"e e+ 'arc %r'a!) de +a

C%"!$c!4% de ?F>?* "e 1ace %ece"ar! d!car $%a %$e)a %r'a!)a de"!%ada areg$+ar +a rga%!zac!4% , e+ -$%c!%a'!e% de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca* , "e#r'$+ga +a Le, Org(%!ca de Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca e+ ? de c$3re de :?.

Pe"e a +a 3+!gar!edad de d!"!%" reg&'e%e" '$%!c!#a+e" e"a %$e)a +e,* c$,3/e!) e" e"a3+ecer +" #r!%c!#!" , 3a"e" 5$e r!ge% +a rga%!zac!4% , e+-$%c!%a'!e% de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca* e"a3+ece e% "$ ar&c$+ :* +a3+!gar!edad de 3"er)a%c!a #r #are de e"ad" , '$%!c!#!" de acaar #r!%c!#!", %r'a" 5$e "e re-!ere% a +a ad'!%!"rac!4% #23+!ca. E"e d!"#"!!) % e"#ec!-!ca "!"e re-!ere a +a ad'!%!"rac!4% #23+!ca e% c$a% a -$%c!4% e% e+ #+a% "$3/e!). S!%e'3arg #e%"a'" 5$e +a 3+!gar!edad #re"cr!a e% e+ d!"#"!!) %r'a!)c'e%ad "e re-!ere a +a ace#c!4% -$%c!%a+ de +a

Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca. De raar"e de+ "eg$%d "$#$e"* % "+ c%"!$!r&a $%ara"gre"!4% a+ ,a g+#ead #r!%c!#! de a$%'&a* "!% $% -acr d!"-$%c!%a+ "! "erec$erda +a ad)ere%c!a 1ec1a #r Se-a% Za% "3re +" e-ec" %c!)" de +a$!+!zac!4% de $% 'de+ 2%!c #ara e+ de"arr++ de +a" )ar!ada" -$%c!%e" 5$e!e%e% +a" ad'!%!"rac!%e" #23+!ca" e% c$a% 5$e rga%!zac!%e" c'#+e/a".

Ora caracer&"!ca de +a rga%!zac!4% ad'!%!"ra!)a e" +a a$%'&a. Cada 4rga%!e%de* e% ge%era+ a ac$ar de%r de "$ c'#ee%c!a c% c!era a$%'&a. Laa'#+!$d de e"a a$%'&a e" )ar!a3+e* a"& 1a, grad" )ar!a3+e" de a$%'&a e%$% !%"!$ a$4%'* e% $% '$%!c!#! e% $%a de#e%de%c!a reg!%a+ de +a

ad'!%!"rac!4% ce%ra+. P$ede dec!r"e 5$e +a a$%'&a e" 'e%r* c$a%d +a re+ac!4% /er(r5$!ca e" 'a,r. Re+ac!%ada c% + a%er!r* +a "$3rd!%ac!4% e" racaracer&"!ca de +a rga%!zac!4% ad'!%!"ra!)a )e%ez+a%a.

E% =e%ez$e+a* +a )ar!edad , e8e%"!4% de+ -e%4'e% ad'!%!"ra!) 1a #r)cad +aa#ar!c!4% crec!e%e de rga%!zac!%e" ad'!%!"ra!)a" c' re"#$e"a a +a"e8!ge%c!a" c+ec!)a" 5$e "e +e 1a% #+a%ead a+ E"ad* , e" 1a ++e)ad ac%)er!r a +a rga%!zac!4% ad'!%!"ra!)a* e% $%a rea+!dad 5$e e"( #re"e%e e%d" +" a"#ec" de +a )!da ec%4'!ca , "c!a+ de =e%ez$e+a* a ra)7" de d e+#rce" de !%er)e%c!4% e"aa+ caracer&"!c de +a" 2+!'a" d7cada". C' "e

"e0a+4 c% a%er!r!dad* e+ 'de+ 3$rcr(!c #rd$c de $%a 7#ca , de $%a"caracer&"!ca" '$, #ar!c$+are" de +a" ad'!%!"rac!%e" #23+!ca" de+ ''e%* "e1a 5$edad cr a%e +a 'ag%!$d , ra#!dez de +" ca'3!". E" % e" 43!ce #ara


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"e0a+ar 5$e a+g$%" #r!%c!#!" !%"#!rad" e% 7+ #$ede% e%er $!+!dad. A+g$%"#r!%c!#!" der!)ad" de +a a#+!cac!4% de+ 'de+ 3$rcr(!c 5$e #$ede% e%c%rar"ee% +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca =e%ez+a%a "%< e+ Pr!%c!#! de

C'#ee%c!a reg$+ad e% +" ar&c$+" ?>* ?> , ? de +a C%"!$c!4% de ?FFF ,e% e+ ar&c$+ :> rd!%a+ de +a Le, Org(%!ca de Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca* e%re ra"

d!"#"!c!%e". E+ Pr!%c!#! de Lega+!dad 5$e e%c$e%ra "$"e%ac!4% e% e+ ar&c$+?@ de +a C%"!$c!4%* , e" de"arr++ad e% e+ ar&c$+ de +a Le,

Org(%!ca de Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca , e+ Pr!%c!#! de Jerar5$&a reg$+ad e% e+ar&c$+ : de +a LOAP. Or" #r!%c!#!" caracer&"!c" de $% 'de+ 3$rcr(!c#re"e%e" e% e+ rde%a'!e% )e%ez+a% "%< +a "e+ecc!4% #r '7r! #ara e+!%gre" a +a -$%c!4% #23+!ca #re)!" e% +" ar&c$+" @ , "!g$!e%e" de +a Le, de

Carrera Ad'!%!"ra!)a6 , +a -r'ac!4% de e8#ed!e%e" , ac" ad'!%!"ra!)"'ed!a%e #rced!'!e%" e"#ec&-!c" 5$e "e reg$+a #r!%c!#a+'e%e e% +a Le,

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Se !%cr#r4 e% e+ ar&c$+ ?@ de +a C%"!$c!4% e+ derec1 a +a !%-r'ac!4%#r$%a , )eraz #r #are de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca* , e+ derec1 de acce"arc1!)" , reg!"r" ad'!%!"ra!)". Or d!"#"!!) c%"!$c!%a+ de !'#ra%c!a#ara e+ e'a 5$e %" c$#a e" e+ ?? 5$e de+!%ea +" #r!%c!#!" de +a

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E+ ar&c$+ :: de +a +e, c'e%ada #dr&a c%"!$!r e+ -$%da'e% /$r&d!c 5$e "!r)ade a"!der a $% #rce" de 'der%!zac!4% ad'!%!"ra!)a e'#+ea%d +" #r!%c!#!"rga%!zac!%a+e" c'e%ad" a+ !%!c! de e"e ra3a/* , e% ge%era+ 7c%!ca"%)ed"a" 5$e #r#%e +a Ter&a de +a Orga%!zac!4% #ara +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca.E% 7+ "e e"a3+ece 5$e +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% 3$"car( +a "!'#+!c!dad !%"!$c!%a+ , +a

ra%"#are%c!a rga%!za!)a Ade'(" 5$e La e"r$c$ra rga%!za!)a #re)er( +ac'#re%"!4%* acce"* cerca%&a , #ar!c!#ac!4% de +" #ar!c$+are" de 'a%era 5$e +e"#er'!a% re"+)er "$" a"$%"

Pr ra #are "e #re)7 e% e+ ar&c$+ :@ +a %ece"!dad de crd!%ac!4% , c#erac!4%e%re d!"!%" 4rga%" , e%e". E"e #r!%c!#! "e c'#+e'e%a c% + d!"#$e" e% e+ar&c$+ de +a C%"!$c!4% de ?FFF 5$e e"a3+ece +a c#erac!4% ,crre"#%"a3!+!dad* e% e"e ca" e%re +" d!"!%" %!)e+e" de g3!er%. E""#r!%c!#!" "e !%"era% e% %)ed"a" e"!" c' +a de +a" Re+ac!%e"

I%erg$3er%a'e%a+e"* 5$e c%"!$,e $% 'eca%!"' de'cr(!c* $% c'#+e'e%%)ed" e !%-r'a+ a+ #r!%c!#! de "e#arac!4% de +" #dere". N)ed"" #r5$e"$rge% c' c%"ec$e%c!a de +a" #re"!%e" 5$e +a rea+!dad ac$a+ e/erce "3re +"


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E"ad"* e !%-r'a+e" % !e%e% $% %!)e+ de er!zac!4% c%"+!dad* , #r5$ee"ca#a% e% gra% 'ed!da a #ar('er" -r'a+e" c' e+ 'arc /$r&d!c reg+a"!%"!$c!%a+e". Gr!'a+d , Ra%ge+. :@

Or !%"r$'e% %r'a!) 5$e de"arr++a #r!%c!#!" rga%!zac!%a+e" 5$e #$ede%c%"!derar"e #";3$rcr(!c" e" +a Le, "3re S!'#+!-!cac!4% de Tr('!e"

Ad'!%!"ra!)". E"e !%"r$'e%* a%er!r a +a C%"!$c!4% de ?FFF d!cad 3a/4% +a-r'a de Decre c% -$erza de Le,* !e%e $% ('3! de a#+!cac!4% 5$e c'#re%de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% Ce%ra+ , "$#+er!a'e%e +a de +" E"ad" , M$%!c!#!". S$ 3/ee" 3$"car +a rac!%a+!zac!4% de +a" ra'!ac!%e" 5$e rea+!za% +" #ar!c$+are" a%e+a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca6 'e/rar "$ e-!cac!a* #er!%e%c!a , $!+!dad* a -!% de +grar 'a,r ce+er!dad , -$%c!%a+!dad e% +a" '!"'a" , 'e/rar +a" re+ac!%e" de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca c% +" c!$dada%". Ar. LSTA. C% e"e 3/e #re)7 e+red!"e0 de r('!e" , #rce""* e+ $" de e+e'e%" ec%+4g!c" %)ed"" , +a!%"erc!4% de e+e'e%" de '!)ac!4% a+ #er"%a+* e%re r". La #$era 5$eda

a3!era #ara $% ca'3!* +a re"#%"a3!+!dad de $%a 'der%!zac!4% ad'!%!"ra!)ad%de "e !%egre% 7c%!ca" de ge"!4% %)ed"a" ada#ada" a +a rga%!zac!4%#23+!ca* c% c%ce#c!%e" , #r!%c!#!" de+ Derec1 Ad'!%!"ra!) '(" -+e8!3+e" ,%)ed""6 a'3a" ada#ada" a +a rea+!dad ad'!%!"ra!)a )e%ez+a%a* recae e%#r!'er +$gar e% +a #r#!a ad'!%!"rac!4%* "$" +&dere" , -$%c!%ar!". Ta'3!7% "er(c+a)e e+ #a#e+ de 5$!e%e" 1ace'" de+ e"$d! acad7'!c de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4%P23+!ca %$e"r 5$e1acer c!d!a%. Se raa e% d ca" de $% a"$%!'#rrrga3+e c' cr+ar! #ara +grar e+ c$'#+!'!e% e-ec!) de +" c'e!d"de+ E"ad* 5$e -ac!+!e% e% 2+!'a !%"a%c!a +a c%"ec$c!4% de+ de"arr++. La +!"a dea"$%" #r re"+)er e" +arga , "$ re"+$c!4% c'#+e/a< +a "$#erac!4% de +a #3reza ,+a e8c+$"!4% "c!a+* +a gara%&a de +a c1e"!4% "c!a+* +a !%"erc!4% a+ 'ercad +a3ra+de '!++%e" de de"e'#+ead"* #r %'3rar "+ a+g$%" re"* de'a%da% #+&!ca"#23+!ca" c1ere%e"* -r'$+ada" c%c!e%z$da'e%e e !'#+e'e%ada" de 'a%eracrd!%ada. E"a" #+&!ca" re5$!ere% a "$ )ez $%a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca ada#adaa e"a" e8!ge%c!a" , a+ e%r% ac$a+. Pr a+g$%a #are 1a3r( 5$e c'e%zar* , e"e!%!c! 3!e% #dr&a "er #r')er +a re-r'a rga%!za!)a de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca)e%ez+a%a e% +" 7r'!%" a%e" e8#$e"".


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CAPITULO +

*. ENFO6UE SISTEMICO DE LA ADMINISTRACION PÚBLICA

*.1 TEORIA DE SISTEMAS 7ORGENES DE LA TEORA DE SISTEMAS La er&a de "!"e'a" TS e" $% ra'e"#ec&-!c de +a er&a ge%era+ de "!"e'a" TGS. La TGS "$rg!4 c% +" ra3a/"

de+ a+e'(% L$d!g )% Bera+a%--,* #$3+!cad" e%re ?F , ?F>. La TGS % 3$"ca"+$c!%ar #r3+e'a" !%e%ar "+$c!%e" #r(c!ca"* #er "& #rd$c!r er&a" ,-r'$+ac!%e" c%ce#$a+e" 5$e #$ede% crear c%d!c!%e" de a#+!cac!4% e% +area+!dad e'#&r!ca.

TEORÍA DE SISTEMAS.- S!"e'a e" $% d rga%!zad , c'#+e/6 $% c%/$% c'3!%ac!4% de c"a" #are" 5$e -r'a% $% d c'#+e/ $%!ar!. E" $%c%/$% de 3/e" $%!d" #r a+g$%a -r'a de !%eracc!4% !%erde#e%de%c!a. L"+&'!e" -r%era" e%re e+ "!"e'a , "$ a'3!e%e ad'!e% c!era ar3!rar!edad

*.2 SISTEMA: C%/$% de #are" crd!%ada" , e% !%eracc!4% #ara a+ca%zar $%c%/$% de 3/e!)" J1a%"e% C%/$% de 3/e" , "$" re+ac!%e" * , +a"re+ac!%e" e%re +" 3/e" , "$" ar!3$" Ha++ C%/$% de #are" , "$"!%erre+ac!%e" Ge%era+ S,"e'" Sc!e, -r Re"earc1

*.3. +ISION 8OLISTICA: U%a )!"!4% 1+&"!ca e" $%a ac!$d e% 5$e a5$e++ 5$e "e#%e e% e"$d! e" )!" c' $% c%/$% de #are" !%erde#e%d!e%e" e%re "& ,d%de e+ !%)e"!gadr de3e raar c%"!derar +a -r'a e% 5$e da" e"a" #are"ra3a/a% , "e a-eca% , c%d!c!%a% '$$a'e%e e% -r'a "!'$+(%ea.* + c%rar!e" +a )!"!4% a'!"a. =!"!4% H+&"!ca =!"!4% A'!"a De a++& 5$e "e d!ga 5$e +a

)!"!4% 1+&"!ca c%"!dera a+ -e%4'e% e"$d!ad c' $% d a #ar!r de +a -&"!cade Ne%* d%de +a" c"a" "e e"$d!a% #are #r #are* ac+ara%d cada #are ,c$(+ e" e+ a#re a+ d.

*.'. CONCEPTO DE SISTEMAS U% c%/$% de e+e'e%" D!%('!ca'e%ere+ac!%ad" 9r'a%d $%a ac!)!dad Para a+ca%zar $% 3/e!) O#era%d "3reda"e%erg&a'aer!a Para #r)eer !%-r'ac!4%e%erg&a'aer!a

*.* CARACTER(STICAS DE LOS SISTEMAS Pr#4"! $ 3/e!)< d "!"e'a!e%e $% a+g$%" #r#4"!". L" e+e'e%" $ 3/e"* c' a'3!7% +a"

re+ac!%e"* de-!%e% $%a d!"r!3$c!4% 5$e raa "!e'#re de a+ca%zar $% 3/e!).G+3a+!"' a+!dad< $% ca'3! e% $%a de +a" $%!dade" de+ "!"e'a* c%#r3a3!+!dad #rd$c!r( ca'3!" e% +a" ra". E+ e-ec a+ "e #re"e%a c' $%


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a/$"e a d e+ "!"e'a. Ha, $%a re+ac!4% de ca$"ae-ec. De e"" ca'3!" ,a/$"e"* "e der!)a% d" -e%4'e%"< e%r#&a , 1'e"a"!a. E%r#&a< e" +ae%de%c!a de +" "!"e'a" a de"ga"ar"e* a de"!%egrar"e* #ara e+ re+a/a'!e% de+" e"(%dare" , $% a$'e% de +a a+ear!edad. La e%r#&a a$'e%a c% e+ crrer de+ !e'#. S! a$'e%a +a !%-r'ac!4%* d!"'!%$,e +a e%r#&a* #$e" +a !%-r'ac!4% e"

+a 3a"e de +a c%-!g$rac!4% , de+ rde%. De a5$& %ace +a %ege%r#&a* "ea* +a!%-r'ac!4% c' 'ed! !%"r$'e% de rde%ac!4% de+ "!"e'a. H'e"a"!a<e" e+ e5$!+!3r! d!%('!c e%re +a" #are" de+ "!"e'a. L" "!"e'a" !e%e% $%ae%de%c!a a ada#ar"e c% e+ -!% de a+ca%zar $% e5$!+!3r! !%er% -re%e a +"ca'3!" e8er%" de+ e%r%. U%a rga%!zac!4% #dr( "er e%e%d!da c' $%"!"e'a "$3"!"e'a $% "2#er "!"e'a* de#e%d!e%d de+ e%-5$e. E+ "!"e'a a+e" a5$e+ re#re"e%ad #r d" +" c'#%e%e" , re+ac!%e" %ece"ar!" #ara +area+!zac!4% de $% 3/e!)* dad $% c!er %2'er de re"r!cc!%e". L" "!"e'a"#$ede% #erar* a% e% "er!e c' e% #ara+e+

). REPRESENTACIÓN GEN9RICA DE UN SISTEMA

).1 CONCEPTOS CLA+E DE LA TEORIA DE SISTEMAS RECURSI+IDADRec%cer 5$e $% "!"e'a e"( c'#$e" de "$3"!"e'a" ENTORNO Rec%cer +a !%-+$e%c!a de+ c%e8 , "$ re+ac!4% c% 7"e. INPUT OUTPUT I%#$"6 !%"$'"re5$er!d" #ara e+ #rd$c O$#$. PROCESOS INTERNOS M'e% dera%"-r'ac!4% e% 5$e +" +a" #are" !%erac2a% 9INALIDAD L" "!"e'a"re"#%de% a $% 3/e!) 'ea #r a+ca%zar. RETROALIMENTACIÓN I%"a%c!a dee)a+$ac!4% , c%r+ #ara deer'!%ar "! e+ 3/e!) "e 1a c$'#+!d. ENTROPA

NEGUENTROPA E%r#&a< e%de%c!a a+ ca". Nege$e%r#&a< e%de%c!a a+ rde%.HOMEOSTVSIS Ma%e%c!4% de -acre" cr&!c" 5$e #r)ee% e+ e5$!+!3r. SINERGIAI%eracc!4% 5$e re"#%de a+ rec%c!'!e% 5$e +a "$'a de +a" #are" e" 'a,r 5$e+a acc!4% !%d!)!d$a+. AUTOPIESIS Ca#ac!dad de ac#+ar"e a +a" rea+!dade"ca'3!a%e".

).2 LA ADMINISTRACION PÚBLICA A5$e++a rga%!zac!4% 5$e e+ E"ad $!+!za#ara ca%a+!zar adec$ada'e%e de'a%da" "c!a+e" , "a!"-acer+a"* a ra)7" de +ara%"-r'ac!4% de rec$r"" #23+!c" e% acc!%e" 'd!-!cadra" de +a rea+!dad*'ed!a%e +a #rd$cc!4% de 3!e%e"* "er)!c!" , reg$+ac!%e". MULARZ

).3 RELACIÓN ESTADO ; Pder G3!er%" Reg!%a+e" E'#+ead"* 9$%c!%ar!"*Ser)!dre" G3!er%" Lca+e" E I%"!$c!%e" Orga%!"'" C%"!$c!%a+'e%e A$4%'" Pder J$d!c!a+ Pder Leg!"+a!) Pder E/ec$!) ESTADO ; PODERDe+egar 9$%c!4% Ad'!%!"ra!)a ADMINISTRACION PUBLICA

).' LEYES 6UE ENMARCAN LA ADMINISTRACION PUBLICA PERUANA. E+Decre S$#re'NK>;>;SC. Reg+a'e% de Nr'a" ge%era+e" dePrced!'!e%" Ad'!%!"ra!)". La Le, NK:@. Le, de S!'#+!-!cac!4% Ad'!%!"ra!)a E+ Decre Leg!"+a!) NK . Le, Marc #ara crec!'!e% de +aI%)er"!4% Pr!)ada. E+ Decre Le, NK :>??? D.S. NK :;F;JUS. Le, de Nr'a"Ge%era+e" de Prced!'!e%" Ad'!%!"ra!)". Le, de+ Prced!'!e% Ad'!%!"ra!)


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Ge%era+ LEY NK : Le, Marc de Mder%!zac!4% de +a Ge"!4% de+ E"ad LEYNK :> Le, N. :>F:: Le, Marc de De"ce%ra+!zac!4% Le, :F? Le,Org(%!ca de+ Pder E/ec$!)

).* CUADRO DE CANTIDADES DE INSTITUCIONES PÚBLICAS. De ac$erd a +a!%-r'ac!4% #$3+!cada e% e+ Pra+ de+ E"ad Per$a% e8!"e% :@: !%"!$c!%e"

#23+!ca" a %!)e+ %ac!%a+ E/ec$!)* Leg!"+a!)* J$d!c!a+* Orga%!"'" A$4%'" ,G3!er%" Reg!%a+e" e8ce#$a%d a +" g3!er%" +ca+e"* #r)!%c!a+e" ,d!"r!a+e". G3!er%" Reg!%a+e"< : G3!er%" Lca+e"< ?

).) ENFO6UE SISTEMICO 1;. E+ e%-5$e "!"7'!c !e%e $%a )!"!4% 1+&"!ca de+'$%d6 e" dec!r* Wa%a+!za +a" $%!dade" de+ "!"e'a c' #are" de $% d* e% )ezde e"$d!ar+a" c' c'#%e%e" !%de#e%d!e%e" , a!"+ad"X JacQ"%* ?FF?6 a,*:>.

).< ENFO6UE SISTEMICO 2;. E+ e%-5$e "!"7'!c , +a "!'$+ac!4% #r#rc!%a%

+" e+e'e%" e4r!c" , 'ed+4g!c" %ece"ar!" #ara re#re"e%ar e""#r3+e'a" #23+!c" , "$" "+$c!%e" #e%c!a+e" #+&!ca" #23+!ca" de -r'a"!'#+!-!cada* #er c%"er)a%d a+g$%a" de +a" re+ac!%e" c'#+e/a" e8!"e%e"* de-r'a a+ 5$e +a re#re"e%ac!4% de +a rea+!dad "c!a+ , +" c'#ra'!e%" de +a")ar!a3+e" re+e)a%e" "ea% a% cerca%" a +a rea+!dad c' "ea #"!3+e.

).= ENFO6UE SISTEMICO 3;. 9!%a+'e%e* $%a )ez 5$e "e 1a +grad re#re"e%ar e+ #r3+e'a e% 7r'!%" "!"7'!c" , 1a "!d #rgra'ad e% $% 'de+ de"!'$+ac!4%* e"e e%-5$e #er'!e +a e)a+$ac!4% de d!-ere%e" a+er%a!)a" de #+&!ca#23+!ca , #r#rc!%a e"!'ac!%e" de +" !'#ac" de cada a+er%a!)a* +gra%d5$e "e 'e% 'e/re" dec!"!%e" "!% +" c"" de e8#er!'e%" rea+e" de +a!'#+e'e%ac!4% de d!"!%" #rgra'a".

).> PASOS PARA EL ANALISIS '; ?. De-!%!r e+ #r3+e'a :.O3e%er da" e!%-r'ac!4% @.E+a3rar a+er%a!)a" de "+$c!4% . Se+ecc!%ar cr!er!" . Pr,ecc!4%de e-ec" re"$+ad" >. Re)!"!4% de c"" , 3e%e-!c! . E+eg!r $%a "+$c!4% 5$ea!e%da a+ #r3+e'a de-!%!d . A#+!cac!4%

).1? SISTEMA TRIDIMENSIONAL DEL DR. 0UAN IGNACIO 0IM9NE, NIETO *;.9$e e+a3rad #r J$a% Ig%ac! J!'7%ez N!e* de %ac!%a+!dad e"#a0+a* c%

c$ar dcrad" e%< Derec1* C!e%c!a" Ad'!%!"ra!)a" , P+&!ca" , Ec%'&a* ,#$3+!cad* 3a/ e+ &$+ de P+&!ca , Ad'!%!"rac!4%* #r +a Ed!r!a+ Tec%"* deE"#a0a* #r #r!'era )ez e% ?F. E% e+ Per2* a% e+ Dr. J$a% Ig%ac! J!'7%ez;N!e* c' !+3$r J!'7%ez* , c% r" #r-e"!%a+e" !%er%ac!%a+e" ,c%ra#are" %ac!%a+e" ra3a/ar% e% +a rga%!zac!4% de+ I%"!$ Nac!%a+ de Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca INAP* Le, :@?> Le, Org(%!ca de+ INAP

).11 ENFO6UE SIST9MICO DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PUBLICA );. E"e 'de+e"( !%egrad #r< !%"!$c!%e"* "ecre" , "!"e'a". La" !%"!$c!%e" c%"!$,e%+a" c7+$+a" #r!'ar!a" de +a ad'!%!"rac!4%* ge"!4%. L" "ecre" "% ('3!" decrd!%ac!4% #+&!ca6 % !e%e% !%/ere%c!a e% a"#ec" ad'!%!"ra!)"* , #r a% %"% ad'!%!"ra3+e"* "!% g3er%a3+e". Y +" "!"e'a" c%"!$,e% e+ c%/$%


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ar'4%!c , c1ere%e de %r'a"* 4rga%" , #rce"" de"!%ad" a #r)eer +"!%"$'" %ece"ar!" 5$e re5$!ere% +a" !%"!$c!%e" , +" "ecre" #ara c$'#+!r e-!c!e%e , e-!caz'e%e "$" -!%e".

I%"!$c!%e"* Secre" , S!"e'a" Y I%"!$c!%e" Z S!"e'a" [ Secre"

LAS INSTITUCIONES =;. E"a" $%!dade" c%"!$,e% +a" c7+$+a" #r!'ar!a" de +aad'!%!"rac!4%. S$ acc!4% e" '!cr ad'!%!"ra!) , gere%c!a+. S$ e"r$c$raad'!%!"ra!)a "e re#re"e%a 'ed!a%e ('3!" -$%c!%a+e" de c'#ee%c!a , %!)e+e"de a$r!dad

L%4 S@"%r@4 >. L" "ecre" de ac!)!dad % e8!"e% e% +a rea+!dad ad'!%!"ra!)a.E+ "ecr e" $% c%ce# a%a+&!c. Re#re"e%a +a "$'ar!a de +a acc!4% #23+!ca ,#r!)ada e% cada $% de +" c'#ar!'e%" e"a%c" e% 5$e ar3!rar!a'e%e #$eded!)!d!r"e +a acc!4% "c!a+. N e"* #r a%* ad'!%!"ra3+e* "!% g3er%a3+e. WSead'!%!"ra% +a" !%"!$c!%e" , "e g3!er%a% +" "ecre".X

L%4 S4@4 1?;. E" e+ ercer c'#%e%e de+ 'de+ r!d!'e%"!%a+ de +aad'!%!"rac!4% #23+!ca 5$e #r#%e e+ Dr. J$a% Ig%ac! J!'7%ez N!e Se 1ade-!%!d e+ "!"e'a c' $% d $%!ar! rga%!zad* c'#$e" #r d" '("#are"* c'#%e%e" "$3"!"e'a" !%erde#e%d!e%e" , de+!%ead #r +" +&'!e"*!de%!-!ca3+e"* de "$ a'3!e%e "$#ra "!"e'a.

S4@4 @ @$ P@r L@ 2>1*= T!#$% +; 11; L" S!"e'a" "% +" c%/$%"de #r!%c!#!"* %r'a"* #rced!'!e%"* 7c%!ca" e !%"r$'e%" 'ed!a%e +" c$a+e""e rga%!za% +a" ac!)!dade" de +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P23+!ca 5$e re5$!ere% "er

rea+!zada" #r da" )ar!a" e%!dade" de +" Pdere" de+ E"ad* +" Orga%!"'"C%"!$c!%a+e" , +" %!)e+e" de G3!er%. S% de d" !#"< ?. S!"e'a"9$%c!%a+e". :. S!"e'a" Ad'!%!"ra!)". S+ #r +e, "e crea $% S!"e'a. Para"$ creac!4% "e de3e c%ar c% +a #!%!4% -a)ra3+e de +a Pre"!de%c!a de+ C%"e/ deM!%!"r".

S4@4 F#"%$@4 12; L" S!"e'a" 9$%c!%a+e" !e%e% #r -!%a+!dada"eg$rar e+ c$'#+!'!e% de #+&!ca" #23+!ca" 5$e re5$!ere% +a #ar!c!#ac!4% deda" )ar!a" e%!dade" de+ E"ad. E+ Pder E/ec$!) e" re"#%"a3+e dereg+a'e%ar , #erar +" S!"e'a" 9$%c!%a+e". La" %r'a" de+ S!"e'a e"a3+ece%

+a" ar!3$c!%e" de+ E%e Recr de+ S!"e'a. La" 'aer!a" "% agr!c$+$ra*a'3!e%e* c'erc!* $r!"'* ec%'&a* "a+$d* ed$cac!4%* ra3a/* '$/er* de"arr++"c!a+* ra%"#re* c'$%!cac!%e"* "a%ea'!e%* #rd$cc!4%* e%erg&a* '!%a"* /$"!c!a* de-e%"a* !%er!r* ec.* , da% +$gar a "!"e'a" c'* e+ "!"e'a !%egra+ de"a+$d* e+ "!"e'a ed$ca!)* +a" cade%a" #rd$c!)a"* e+ "!"e'a de ag$a ,a+ca%ar!++ad* "!"e'a" #rd$c!)"* "!"e'a )!a+* "!"e'a de r!eg* "!"e'ae%erg7!c* "!"e'a /$d!c!a+* ec. S!"e'a" Ad'!%!"ra!)" L" S!"e'a" Ad'!%!"ra!)" !e%e% #r -!%a+!dad reg$+ar +a $!+!zac!4% de +" rec$r"" e% +a"e%!dade" de +a ad'!%!"rac!4% #23+!ca* #r')!e%d +a e-!cac!a , e-!c!e%c!a e% "$

$".


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).12 LOS SISTEMAS ADMINISTRATI+OS DE APLICACIÓN NACIONAL e"(%re-er!d" a +a" ?@ "!g$!e%e" 'aer!a"< SISTEMAS ADMINISTRATI=OS ENTIDADES RECTORAS ?. Ge"!4% de Rec$r"" 1$'a%" PCM SER=IR :. A3a"ec!'!e% ME9 ; OSCE @. Pre"$#$e" P23+!c ME9 ; DNPP . Te"rer&aME9 ; DNTP . E%de$da'!e% P23+!c ME9 DENEP >. C%a3!+!dad ME9 ;

CONTADURA PÚBLICA . I%)er"!4% P23+!ca ME9 DGPM . P+a%ea'!e%E"ra7g!c PCM ; CEPLAN F. De-e%"a J$d!c!a+ de+ E"ad MINJUS ; CNDJE?.C%r+ CONTRALORIA ??. Mder%!zac!4% de +a Ge"!4% P23+!ca PCM ; SGPE+ Pder E/ec$!) !e%e +a recr&a de +" S!"e'a" Ad'!%!"ra!)"* c% e8ce#c!4%de+ S!"e'a Nac!%a+ de C%r+. E+ S!"e'a Nac!%a+ de P+a%ea'!e% E"ra7g!c"e r!ge #r +a +e, de +a 'aer!a.

).13 CR(TICAS AL ENFO6UE SIST9MICO

?. U%a de3!+!dad #r +a" #r#$e"a" #rag'(!ca" a"c!ada a $%" e"ca"e" dere"$+ad" c%cre".

:. U%a !%c+!%ac!4% #r -r'$+a" a3"raca"* e"5$e'(!ca" , d!agra'a" 5$e !e%e#ca a#+!cac!4% #r(c!ca.

@. Pe!c!%e" de #r!%c!#! -$%da'e%a+e" 5$e 'a% +a" -r'a" de $% ca'3!!rreg$+ar , #re"$'!3+e'e%e !%)!"!3+e de"de +" "!"e'a" c%cre" e% da "$#+e%!$d , c'#+e/!dad 1a"a +" 'de+" -r'a+e" cerrad" 5$e "e 3a"a% e%"$#$e"" "!'#+!-!cadre".

. A$"e%c!a de ra3a/" c%cre"* '(" a++( de+ re-!%a'!e% de+ "!"e'a '!"'.

L!+!e%-e+d* R. ?F Ter&a de S!"e'a". M78!c< Ed!r!a+ Tr!++a"


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CONCLUSIONES

La" rga%!zac!%e" c%"!$,e% rea+!dade" c%-r'ada" #r '2+!#+e" d!'e%"!%e" ,#re"e%a% e+e'e%" caracer!zadre" c' +a" -!%a+!dade" $ 3/e!)"* e+ e%r%* ,

+a -r'a c' "e rga%!za% , e"r$c$ra% +" c'#ra'!e%" !%d!)!d$a+e" de%rde +a" rga%!zac!%e".

La" rga%!zac!%e" #23+!ca"* "! 3!e% !e%e% +a" '!"'a" %ece"!dade" 5$e +a"rga%!zac!%e" #r!)ada" e% + re+a!) a 3/e!)" , e-!c!e%c!a* "% #r %a$ra+ezad!-ere%e" de3!d a "$ r!e%ac!4% %r'a!)a* der!)ada de +" )a+re" #r#!" de+e%r% #23+!c* + 5$e 3+!ga a "er #reca)!d" a +a 1ra de $!+!zar 'de+" #r!)ad"de ge"!4% 5$e #ree%da% a3arcar+ d* ,a 5$e e"" e"-$erz" e"ar&a%c%de%ad" a+ -raca".

S! 3!e% e+ e"$d! de +" a"#ec" /$r&d!c" e" de )!a+ !'#ra%c!a* +a "+a #erce#c!4%de+ derec1 e" !%"$-!c!e%e #ara c'#re%der , a"!'!+ar +a rea+!dad de +a"rga%!zac!%e" #23+!ca"* #r + 5$e "e 1ace %ece"ar! !%cr#rar $%a )!"!4%"!"7'!ca de e"a". La Ad'!%!"rac!4% e% =e%ez$e+a e% #ar!c$+ar e" #erc!3!da c%$%a #red'!%a%e #erce#c!4% /$r&d!ca

C%"!dera'" 5$e +a !%"erc!4% de e+e'e%" , #r!%c!#!" rga%!zac!%a+e"%)ed"" e% e+ rde%a'!e% /$r&d!c )e%ez+a%* e" #r$%a de cara a +grar $%ae)e%$a+* a$%5$e +e%a 'der%!zac!4% ad'!%!"ra!)a* Se 1ace %ece"ar! !r 'd!-!ca%d #a$a" de c'#ra'!e% e"a3+ec!da" , ace#ada" #r-$%da'e%e*

re+ac!%ada" c% +" ('3!" Sc! T7c%!c6 P+&!c C$+$ra+ , e+ ('3! de

C%r+ , Me/ra* e"e 2+!' e" e+ '(" c'#+e/* '(" a2% e% ad'!%!"rac!%e" 5$ec' +a )e%ez+a%a* % +grar% )ere3rar e% "$ ''e% $% e"5$e'a !%"#!rad e%e+ 'de+ !dea+ 3$rcr(!c d!"e0ad #r e3er.

La Ter&a de S!"e'a" "e a#+!ca e% +a Ad'!%!"rac!4% P$3+!ca de -r'ar!d!'e%"!%a+* e%!e%d c' c'#%e%e"6 +a" !%"!$c!%e"* +" "ecre" , +""!"e'a" De3!d a #+&!ca" !%c!era" e !%crreca" e% e"e e%-5$e +aad'!%!"rac!4% #23+!ca 1a de)e%!d e% $%a rga%!zac!4% ce%ra+!"a* c%ce%rada*

5$e % 1a #d!d c'#e!r c% +a de'a%da !%"a!"-ec1a de +a "c!edad %! e"( a+ d&ac% +" a)a%ce" ec%+4g!c". C% e+ +!3era+!"' ec%4'!c +a ad'!%!"rac!4%#23+!ca 1a )!" red$c!da "$" -ac$+ade" , #r e%de +" g3!er%" 3$"ca% red$c!r e+a#ara e"aa+ e% e+ a-(% de e+!'!%ar +a" ra3a" 3$rcr(!ca"* +a !%e-!c!e%c!a* e+ce%ra+!"'. =ar!" de +" "!"e'a" e% +a ac$a+!zad !e%e% $% car(cer ce%ra+!"a. E% +a ac$a+!dad e% +a ad'!%!"rac!4% #23+!ca "e e"( #rced!e%d a ca'3!ar 1ac!a$%a ge"!4% #r re"$+ad" 5$e 3$"ca ra%"'!!r +a" e8#er!e%c!a" , -r'a"rga%!za!)a" de +a" e'#re"a" #r!)ada" a+ "ecr #23+!c. Pr e/e'#+ ,a % "%d!recre" "!% gere%e"* e+ 3e%e-!c!ar! de +" "er)!c!" #23+!c" ,a % e"

$"$ar! "!% c+!e%e.


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BIBLIOGRAF(A.

Caminal Badía, Miquel (coord.) (1996). Manual de Ciencia Política. Madrid,

Tecnos.

Baena del Alcazar, Mariano. (2). Curso de Ciencia de la Administraci!n. "ol. 1.

Madrid. Tecnos.

Badell, #rau $ Asociados %Comentarios a la &ue'a le$ ornica de Administraci!n

Pu*lica% +en línea. -tt/00.*adellrau.com0oioradm.-tm. +Consulta/ 1 e*rero

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Ballart, 4., 5ami!, C., (2), Ciencia de la Administraci!n. "alencia, Tirant lo

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