MSOE-4-EM.pdf

7/21/2019 MSOE-4-EM.pdf

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E]BMPGOE ” G

S. 3. @gsmuss tfb suldbmt hcttbr smopb on urlce somgoioay.

Ces. ]uldbmt-hcttbr ce` ]mopb4 Rrlce somgoioay stu`gbs tfb ghpcmt on mgty ignb oe somgci rbictgoesfgps, somgcigestgtutgoes, ce` somgci cmtgoes. Brgmksoe moesg`brs gt cs c abebrcigzgea smgbemb wfgmf stu`gbs tfb `btbrhgecets ce` moesb-

qubembs on mgty‗s `gvbrsb somgci lbfcvgour. Pfb tbrh urlcegsh wcs bxpicgeb` ly Iougs Qgrtf cs c mohpibx fbtbroabebgty

ge cihost bvbry mfcrcmtbrgstgm ge wfgmf fuhce lbgeas `gnnbr. Pfgs hckbs mgty ce opposgtb on rurci somgbty.

Rrlce somgoioay ovbricps wgtf aboarcpfy, poigtgmci smgbemb, cetfropoioay ce` bmoeohy wgtf gts bhpfcsgs ge rbspbmtgvb

ngbi`s. Nor gestcemb, gt ciso stu`gbs spctgci `gstrglutgoe on somgci aroups ce` gestgtutgoes, poigtgmci powbr, puligm poigmy,

tcxctgoe ce` bxpbe`gturb cioea wgtf muiturb on aroups.

Mohhuegty4 Ge somgoioay, tfb moembpt on mohhuegty fcs ib` to sgaegngmcet `blctb, ce` somgoioagsts crb ybt to rbcmf

carbbhbet oe c ̀ bngegtgoe on tfb tbrh. Pfbrb wbrb egebty-nour ̀ gsmrbtb ̀ bngegtgoes on tfb tbrh ly tfb hg`-372:s. Prc`gtgoeciiy

c ’mohhuegty‘ fcs lbbe `bngeb` cs c aroup on getbrcmtgea pbopib igvgea ge c mohhoe iomctgoe. Pfb wor` gs ontbe usb` to

rbnbr to c aroup tfct gs oracegzb` croue` mohhoe vciubs ce` gs cttrglutb` wgtf somgci mofbsgoe wgtfge c sfcrb` aboarcpfgmci

iomctgoe, abebrciiy, ge somgci uegts icrabr tfce c fousbfoi`. Pfb wor` mce ciso rbnbr to tfb ectgoeci mohhuegty or aiolci

mohhuegty.@cvgs bhpfcsgzbs somgci mohpibtbebss ge fgs `bngegtgoe on mohhuegty ce` `bngebs gt cs tfb shciibst tbrrgtorgci aroup

wfgmf gemiu`bs cii cspbmts on somgci ignb. HmGvbr ce` Zcab fcvb tfbgr bhpfcsgs oe rbictgoesfgp gestbc` on somgci oracegzctgoe

ce` `bngeb mohhuegty cs ce betgty wfgmf moesgsts on cii typbs on somgci rbictgoesfgps.

Bmoioay4 Pfb stu`y on rbictgoesfgp lbtwbbe igvgea tfgeas ce` tfb bevgroehbet gs mciib` bmoioay. Igkb tfb pfysgmci

bevgroehbet geniubembs picets, fuhce lbgeas ignb gs moe`gtgoeb` ly mgty bevgroehbet. Zcrk, tfb nctfbr on fuhce bmoioay

mogeb` tfb tbrh nor stu`ygea tfgs cspbmt on somgbty lorrowgea nroh Lotcey.

S. <. @bngeb tfb moembpt on mgty ce` `gsmuss gts vcrgous typbs wgtf giiustrctgoes.

Ces. Mgty4 Bhbrabemb ce` Arowtf4 Qfbe mgtgbs bhbrab` hcey on tfbh lbmchb hcge picmb nor ruibrs ce` trc`bs-

hbe. Qgtf tfb pcsscab on tghb, tfb vcrgous typbs on towes tfct arbw gemiu`b` poigtgmci mcpgtcis, trc`gea mbetrbs ce` sbc

ports, c`hgegstrctgvb towes, tbhpib towes ce` geùstrgci mgtgbs. Eow towes ce` mgtgbs pbrnorh hcey nuemtgoes. Ge Ge`gc,

tfb orgage on towes hcy lb c suldbmt on spbmuictgoe lut ùrgea tfb moioegci or ho`bre pbrgo` tfby crb sbbe cs ce outmohb

on c wbii-`bngeb` somgo- fgstorgmci prombss. Pfbsb prombssbs lbace ge tfb wbst ùrgea tfb 36tf mbetury wfgmf wcs tfb cabon Mcpgtci Cmmuhuictgoe ce` tfb rgsb on smgbetgngm tbmfeoioay. Fowbvbr, tfb Ge`gce urlce mbetrbs tfct bvoivb` ̀ urgea tfgs

pbrgo` ò eot bxfglgt cii tfb nbcturbs on wbstbre mgtgbs.

Cèc Qblbr pogets out tfosb bmoeohgm normbs wfgmf fcs lbmohb ghportcet ge tfb wckb on geùstrgcigsctgoe mcusb`

moembetrctgoe on pbopib geto mgtgbs. Horbovbr, tfbrb wbrb poigtgmci mcusbs on tfb bhbrabemb on mgtgbs sumf cs ibagsictgoes

prohotgea nrbbòh trc`b ce` hgarctgoe, nrbb norhs on ice` tbeurb ce` mbetrcigzb` c`hgegstrctgoe. ]omgci mcusbs on tfb

bhbrabemb on mgtgbs wbrb fgafbr stce`cr`s on igvgea, fclgtuctgoe on ce urlce bevgroehbet, bùmctgoe, cttrcmtgoe on getbi-

ibmtuci cssomgctgoe, `gnnusgoe on keowibàb on tfb vciubs on mgty ignb ce` chusbhbets.

C vgiicab ce` c towe ̀ g` eot ̀ gnnbr too humf ge tfb cemgbet Ge`gc. Cvcgiclgigty on wctbr, ̀ bnbemb, bcsy suppiy on noo`-

stunns ce` mohhuegmctgoe igvbs wbrb host ghportcet ncmtors tfct acvb rgsb to towes ce` mgtgbs ge Ge`gc. Ge`gc's ngrst urlce

C]]GAEHBEP ]OIRPGOE] ARG@B (<:30-<:32)

H.].O.B.-0

Rrlce ]omgoioay @gsmicghbr/]pbmgci Eotb4 Pfbsb crb dust tfb schpib on tfb Ceswbrs/]oiutgoes to sohb on tfb Substgoes agvbe ge tfb

Cssgaehbets. Pfbsb ]chpib Ceswbrs/]oiutgoes crb prbpcrb` ly Zrgvctb Pbcmfbr/Putors/Cuftors nor tfb fbip ce` Aug`cemb

on tfb stu`bet to abt ce g`bc on fow fb/sfb mce ceswbr tfb Substgoes on tfb Cssgaehbets. Qb ̀ o eot micgh 3::% Cmmurcmy

on tfbsb schpib Ceswbrs cs tfbsb crb lcsb` oe tfb keowibàb ce` mclclgigty on Zrgvctb Pbcmfbr/Putor. ]chpib ceswbrs

hcy lb sbbe cs tfb Aug`b/Fbip Look nor tfb rbnbrbemb to prbpcrb tfb ceswbrs on tfb Substgoe agvbe ge tfb cssgaehbet. Cs

tfbsb soiutgoes ce` ceswbrs crb prbpcrb` ly tfb prgvctb tbcmfbr/tutor so tfb mfcembs on brror or hgstckb mceeot lb `begb`.

Cey Ohgssgoe or Brror gs fgafiy rbarbttb` tfouaf bvbry mcrb fcs lbbe tckbe wfgib prbpcrgea tfbsb ]chpib Ceswbrs/

]oiutgoes. Zibcsb moesuit your owe Pbcmfbr/Putor lbnorb you prbpcrb c Zcrtgmuicr Ceswbr & nor upto`ctb ce` bxcmt

genorhctgoe, `ctc ce` soiutgoe. ]tu`bet sfoui` hust rbc` ce` rbnbr tfb onngmgci stu`y hctbrgci provg`b` ly tfb uegvbrsgty.


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mgvgigzctgoe, Geùs ^ciiby bhrbrab` croue` <>:: L.M. (Aoròe) ce` tfb Cryce urlcegzctgoe took picmb croue` >:: L.M.

Hcfclfcrctc pbrgo`, Huafci pbrgo` ce` tfb moioegci pbrgo` cii fc` tfbgr `gstgemt vbrsgoes on urlcegzctgoe ciso `gnnbrb`.

Mgtgbs ce` tfbgr typbs4 Mgtgbs fcvb lbbe micssgngb` ge c vcrgbty on wcys lut eo sgeaib micssgngmctgoe gs truiy bxfcustgvb.

Horbovbr, hcey typbs on mfcrcmtbrgstgms crb noue` ge oeb sgeaib mgty ce` bvbry mgty mce lb ngttb` ge horb tfce oeb mct-

baory. Pfgs mciis nor moesg`brgea tfb host ghportcet gs cspbmt on c mgty ce` cmmor`geaiy `btbrhgegea gts typb. Nor gestcemb,

tfb host prohgebet mfcrcmtbr on Fy`brclc` gs sontwcrb proùmtgoe ce` sbrvgmbs cioea wgtf tfb ncmt tfct gt gs c mcpgtci mgty.

Pfgs ciiows us to micssgny gt cs c sontwcrb mgty. Fowbvbr, gt gs `gnngmuit to nge` c purb typb on mgty ge ho`bre tghbs.

Cmmor`gea to Eobi Z. Agst ce` I.C. Fbilbrt, mgtgbs mce lb lrocìy micssgngb` geto sgx mctbaorgbs cs `gsmussb` lbiow4

Zroùmtgoe mbetrbs4 Pfb prombss on geùstrgcigsctgoe fcs agvbe lgrtf to hcey mgtgbs. Pfb geùstrgci proùmtgoe fbipb`ge tfb `bvbiophbet on urlce mbetrbs. Nor bxchpib, ge Ge`gc, sbvbrci lga mgtgbs crb proùmtgoe mbetrbs. Zroùmtgoe mbetrbs

moui` lb on two typbs4 prghcry ce` sbmoe`cry. Ge tfb ngrst mctbaory, rcw hctbrgci (prghcry proùmts nor geùstrgbs) gs

oltcgeb` cs nroh Koicr ce` Ebiiorb. Pfb sbmoe` mctbaory gemiu`bs mgtgbs igkb Huhlcg, Mfbeecg ce` Horc`clc` wfbrb

ngeci proùmts crb proùmb`.

Mbetrbs on Prc`b ce` Mohhbrmb4 Lohlcy (eow Huhlcg) gs c mgty wfgmf proùmbs aoo`s lut gts host ghportcet

cmtgvgty gs trc`b ce` mohhbrmb. Nurtfbr, tfb port mgtgbs on Ge`gc sumf cs Mcimuttc (eow Koikctc), Hc`rcs (eow Mfbeecg),

Mcigmut, ^gsckfcpctech ce` momfge crb ghportcet mbetrbs on trc`b ce` mohhbrmb.

Mcpgtcis ce` C`hgegstrctgvb Mbetrbs

Nroh tfb bcrigbr tghbs, mcpgtci mgtgbs fcvb lbbe ghportcet mgtgbs ce` fcvb lbbe proùmtgoe ce` trc`b mbetrb.

Fbcitf ce` \bmrbctgoe Mbetrbs4 Pfb mgtgbs ce` towes oe fgiis or ebcr sbc mocsts fcvb bhbrab` cs fbcitf ce`

rbmrbctgoe mbetrbs. Pfb igvbigfoo` on pbopib ge sumf mgtgbs ce` towes b̀pbe`s oe tourgsh wfgmf gs `bvbiopb` ly tfb

huegmgpci ce` stctb cutforgtgbs to cttrcmt horb tourgsts.\bigagous ce` Muiturci Mbetrbs4 Mgtgbs igkb Ciicfclc` ce` Lcecrcs, sgtuctb` ebcr foiy rgvbrs, fcvb lbbe ghportcet

rbigagous mbetrbs mctbrgea to tfb ebb`s on rbigagous sbetghbets on Fgeùs. ]ghgicriy, Chrgtscr nor ]gkfs, Cdhbr nor Husighs,

Acyc nor Lu`fgsts crb mgtgbs on rbigagous ghportcemb. Horbovbr, fgstrorgmci hoeuhbets ce` mgtgbs sumf cs Pcd Hcfci, Sutcl

Hgecr, Aoi Auhlc` ce` vgmtory towbrs fcvb hc`b Carc, @bifg, Lgdcpur ce` Mfgttoracrf, rbspbmtgvbiy, tfb ghportcet urlce

mbetrbs. Curolgeò Csfrch ge Zoe`gmfbrry, ce` nchous uegvbrsgtgbs on Ecice`c ce` Pcxgic hc`b tfbsb mgtgbs ghportcet.

@gvbrsgngb` Mgtgbs4 C mgty hcy lb c foiy mgty ce` c mcpgtci ciso lut tfbrb hcy lb c tfgr` ncmtor igkb proùmtgoe or

muiturci cmtgvgty wfgmf `bngebs gt horb nue`chbetciiy. ]umf mgtgbs crb mciib` `gvbrsgngb` mgtgbs sgemb tfby fcvb horb tfce

oeb cmtgvgty vbry ghportcet.

]ohb Otfbr Micssgngmctgoes4 Cmmor`gea to Mchgiib \osgbr, mgtgbs hcy lb micssgngb` geto two mctbaorgbs oe tfb lcsgs

on tfbgr mrbctgoe ce` bstcligsfhbet4 ecturci mgtgbs ce` mrbctb` mgtgbs. Nor gestcemb, cemgbet mgtgbs bstcligsfb` ùb to ecturci

iomctgoe ce` strctbagm ghportcemb on c picmb crb ecturci mgtgbs. Pfb mgtgbs mrbctb` cmmor`gea to our rbqugrbhbets sumf cs nor

geùstrgci purposb igkb Dchsfb`pur, Lokcro, Moghlctorb, \ourkbic btm. crb mrbctb` mgtgbs.Micssgngmctgoe on mgtgbs fcs ciso lbbe òeb oe tfb lcsgs on tghb pbrgo`.

(g) Cemgbet mgty4 Ce`brsoe provg`bs sohb spbmgci nbcturbs on cemgbet mgtgbs sumf cs ruigea mbetrbs, hgigtcry ce` trc`b

mbetrb ce` ncvourclib mighctb igkb rgvbr or sbcsforb or cargmuiturci moe`gtgoes. Pfus, cemgbet mgtgbs gs Ge`gc ̀ bvbiopb` ebcr

rgvbrs or sbcsforb ce` ct c ncvourclib cargmuiturci ice` ce` wbrb hcgeiy poigtgmci mcpgtcis fcvgea c rbigagous ce` muiturci

lcmkaroue`. Ge Ge`gc, clout 02 towes fcvb lbbe micssgngb` cs cemgbet.

(gg) Hb`gbvci mgty4 Pfb moioegci pbrgo` ge Ge`gc acvb rgsb to ho`bre mgtgbs wfgmf abebrciiy fcvb icrab fbtbroabeous

popuictgoe ce` crb mohhbrmgci mbetrbs. Bibmtb` aovbrehbet, mohpigmctb` oracegzctgoes, moshopoigtce mfcrcmtbr, ncsfgoe

ful, voiuetcry oracegzc-tgoes, somgci holgigty, ̀ gvbrsb muiturb on vcrgous aroups, lga sbrvgmb ce` geùstrgci sbmtor, ho`bre

ignb styib, c vbry aoo` hbces on mohhuegmctgoe, ho`bre fbcitf ncmgigtgbs btm crb ghportcet nbcturbs on c ho`bre mgty.

S. =. Qfct gos hbcet ly tfb ebw urlce somgoioay? Bxpicge.

Ces. Rrlce somgoioay gs tfb somgoioagmci stu`y on somgci ignb ce` fuhce getbrcmtgoe ge hbtropoigtce crbcs. Gt gs c

eorhctgvb `gsmgpigeb on somgoioay sbbkgea to stu`y tfb strumturbs, prombssbs, mfceabs ce` prolibhs on ce urlce crbc ce`ly ògea so provg`gea geputs nor piceegea ce` poigmy-hckgea.

Igkb host crbcs on somgoioay, urlce somgoioagsts usb stctgstgmgci ceciysgs, olsbrvctgoe, somgci tfbory, getbrvgbws, ce`

otfbr hbtfo`s to stu`y c rceab on topgms, gemiu`gea hgarctgoe ce` ̀ bhoarcpfgm trbe`s, bmoeohgms, povbrty, rcmb rbictgoes,

bmoeohgm trbe`s, btm.

Cntbr tfb geùstrgci rbvoiutgoe, somgoioagsts sumf cs Hcx Qblbr, ce` pcrtgmuicriy Abora ]ghhbi ge works sumf cs Pfb

Hbtropoigs ce` Hbetci Ignb (37:=), nomusb` oe tfb gemrbcsgea prombss on urlcegzctgoe ce` tfb bnnbmts gt fc` oe nbbigeas on

]omgci cigbectgoe ce` ceoeyhgty.

Pfb Mfgmcao ]mfooi gs c hcdor geniubemb ge tfb stu`y on urlce somgoioay. Hcey on tfbgr nge`geas fcvb lbbe rbngeb` or

rbdbmtb`, lut tfb icstgea ghpcmt on tfb Mfgmcao ]mfooi mce stgii lb noue` ge to`cy‗s tbcmfgeas.


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Pfb ebw urlce somgoioay4 Norh 376:s tfb tbrh poigtgmci bmoeohy noue` gts lroc`br cppigmctgoe ce` eow tfb Hcrx-

gst pcrc`gah wfgmf ge 371:s wcs hcgeiy usb` wcs hgxb` wgtf eoe-Hcrxgst bibhbets ge urlce stu`gbs. Nicecace (377=)

scys tfct poigtgmci bmoeohgsts wbrb ueceghous clout tfb ncmt tfct urlce crbc gs c pfysgmci bxtbesgoe on hcrkbt ncmtors

cuahbetb` ly tfb poigmgbs on aovbrehbet. Pfgs pbrgo` bhpfcsgzb` tfb roib on stctb ce` puligm poigmy, vcrgous mgrmuh-

stcembs gemiu`gea nbcturbs on iomci fgstory ce` tfb roib on bigtbs ce` mohhoe mgtgzbes ge sfcpgea tfb nuturb on tfb mgty.

Cmmor`gea to Aott`gbebr (3762), tfb iomci fgstorgbs crb ghportcet ce` tfb g`bcs ce` hbcegeas crb eot totciiy suldbmt to

poigtgmci ce` bmoeohgm normbs cs cppbcrs nroh tfb bmoioagmci or strumturci Hcrxgst cpprocmf. Pfbrbnorb, tfb cpprocmf to

urlce stu`gbs sfoui` gemorporctb poigtgmci, bmoeohgm cs wbii cs muiturci normbs ge or`br to ue`brstce` fow urlce spcmb gs

proùmb`. ]ghgicriy, tfb roib on pbopib ce` tfbgr cmtgoe ge `bngegea ce` rb`bngegea urlce spcmbs fcs lbbe bhpfcsgzb` lyIbnblvrb (3717).

Bcrigbr Mcstbiis craub` tfct micss struaaib wcs tfb hcge ncmtor mcusgea somgci mfceab lut ge fgs Pfb Mgty ce` tfb

Arcssroots (376=) fb carbbs tfct somgci micss gs dust oeb on tfb lcsbs nor urlce mocigtgoe. Pfb mgtgzbe hovbhbets, btfegm or

ectgoeci hovbhbets, tfb abe`br rbictgoesfgps ce` tfb cutoeohous roib on stctb crb otfbr normbs on urlce somgci mfceab

tfct mce lb cmmouetb` nor.

]BMPGOE ” GG

S. 0. @bsmrglb tfb prombss on urlcegzctgoe ce` urlce arowtf ge Ge`gc wgtf sugtclib bxchpibs.

Ces. Rrlce arowtf ge Ge`gc4 Prbe`s4 Iookgea ct tfb wori` `ctc on 377:s wb nge` tfct 02% on popuictgoe igvbs ge

urlce crbcs wfgib Ge`gc fcs oeiy <1% cs gts urlce popuictgoe. Aogea ly tfgs stce`cr`, ge`gc‗s ibvbi on urlcegzctgoe gts

qugtb iow citfouaf tfb pcmb on urlcegzctgoe ge tfb post-ge`bpbe`bemb pbrgo` fcs acgeb` fcvb ce cvbrcab on 0:% urlce

popuictgoe cs mohpcrb` to 1=% on tfb `bvbiopb` rbagoes on tfb wori`.

Qfgib Buropb (1=.3%), Ombcegc (1:.7%) ce` Ictge Chbrgmc (1<.=%) fcvb vbry fgaf ibvbi on urlcegzctgoe Csgc

(<7.7%) fcs tfb ibcst urlcegzctgoe. Ge Csgc, ]outf Csgc on wfgmf Ge`gc gs c pcrt gs ibcst urlcegsb` wgtf oeiy <1.6% urlce

popuictgoe. Ct tfb hohbet, Ge`gc gs choea tfb mouetrgbs on iow ibvbi on urlcegsctgoe. Euhlbr on Rrlce caaiohbrctgoe /

Powe fcs arowe nroh 36<1 ge 37:3 to 23>3 ge <::3. Euhlbr on popuictgoe rbsg`gea ge urlce crbcs fcs gemrbcsb` nroh

<.26 mrorbs ge 37:3 to <6.2= mrorbs ge <::3. Oeiy <6% on popuictgoe wcs igvgea ge urlce crbcs cs pbr <::3 mbesus. Ovbr

tfb ybcrs tfbrb fcs lbbe moetgeuous moembetrctgoe on popuictgoe ge micss G towes. Oe tfb moetrcry tfb moembetrctgoe on

popuictgoe ge hb`guh ce` shcii towes bgtfbr niumtuctb` or `bmigeb`. Pfb arcùctgoe on euhlbr on urlce mbetrbs nroh

iowbr popuictgoe sgzb mctbaorgbs to micss G mgtgbs fcs rbsuitb` top fbcvy strumturb on urlce popuictgoe ge Ge`gc. Ge`gc‗s

urlcegsctgoe gs ontbe tbrhb` cs ovbr-urlcegsctgoe, psbuò-urlcegsctgoe. Pfb lga mgtgbs cttcgeb` geor`gectbiy icrab popuictgoe

sgzb ibc`gea to vgrtuci moiicpsb ge tfb urlce sbrvgmbs ce` noiiowb` ly lcsgm prolibhs ge tfb ngbi` on fousgea, siuh, wctbr,

genrcstrumturb, qucigty on ignb btm. Rrlcegsctgoe gs c proùmt on `bhoarcpfgm bxpiosgoe ce` povbrty geùmb` rurci-urlce

hgarctgoe. Rrlcegsctgoe gs ommurrgea ùb rurci pusf lut eot ùb to urlce puii. Aiolcigsctgoe, iglbrcigzctgoe, prgvctgzctgoecrb c``rbssgea ebactgvb prombss nor urlcegzctgoe ge Ge`gc. Fgstorgmciiy, mgtgbs fcvb lbbe tfb `rgvgea normb ge bmoeohgm ce`

somgci `bvbiophbet. Ct prbsbet cpproxghctbiy =:1 hgiigoe Ge`gces igvbs ge ebcriy =1:: towes ce` mgtgbs sprbc` cmross tfb

mouetry. Pfgs gs =:.2% on gts popuictgoe, ge sfcrp moetrcst to oeiy >: hgiigoes (32%) wfo igvb` ge urlce crbcs ge 3701

wfbe tfb mouetry lbmchb Ge`bpbe`bet. @urgea tfb icst ngnty ybcrs tfb popuictgoe on Ge`gc fcs arowe two ce` fcin tghbs,

lut Rrlce Ge`gc fcs arowe ly ebcriy ngvb tghbs. Ge euhbrgmci tbrhs, Ge`gc‗s urlce popuictgoe gs sbmoe` icrabst ge tfb

wori` cntbr Mfgec, ce` gs fgafbr tfce tfb totci urlce popuictgoe on cii mouetrgbs put toabtfbr lcrrgea Mfgec, R]C ce`

\ussgc.

Pclib 34 Ge`gc4 Rrlce Zopuictgoe 37:3-<::3

Ct tfb 3773 Mbesus, two-tfgr` on tfb mouetry‗s urlce popuictgoe igvb` ge Micss-G mgtgbs wgtf horb tfce 3,::,::: popuictgoe.

Rrlce Zbrmbetcab @bmcic`

popuictgoe on Rrlce arowtf (rctb)

(hgiigoe) to totci Zbrmbet

popuictgoe

37:3 <7.7 3:.6 -

3733 <2.7 3:.= :.0

37<3 <6.3 33.< 36.=

37=3 ==.2 3<.: 37.3

3703 00.< 3=.7 =<.:

3723 ><.0 31.= 03.0



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Pclib <4 @gstrglutgoe on urlce popuictgoe ly sgzb micss on towes

Clout oeb-tfgr` on Rrlce Ge`gc (13 hgiigoe) igvbs ge hbtropoigtce mgtgbs (hgiigoe pius). Pfb euhlbr on sumf mgtgbs ge

Ge`gc fcs gemrbcsb` nroh 3 ge 37:3 to 2 ge 3723 to <= ge 3773 to 0: ge <::3. Out on tfb totci gemrbcsb ge tfb mouetry‗s urlce

popuictgoe on 26 hgiigoe lbtwbbe 3763 ce` 3773, 00 hgiigoe wbrb c``b` to Micss G mgtgbs cioeb. <6 hgiigoe pbrsoes wbrb

c``b` ge hbtropoigtce mgtgbs.

Arowtf on bhpioyhbet (hcge workbrs) ge urlce Ge`gc ùrgea 3763-73 wcs rbmor`b` ct =6% cacgest 3>% ge rurci

crbcs ce` <>.3% ge tfb mouetry cs c wfoib.

S. 2. @bsmrglb sohb on tfb hcge nbcturbs on ‖gegaflourfoo`‗ stu`gbs. Qfct gs gts sgaegngmcembs?

Ces. Ebgaflourfoo` ]tu`gbs4 Cmmor`gea to tfb Qbiihce ce` Ibgaftoe (3717), urlce somgoioay nue`chbetciiy ̀ bcit

wgtf ebgaflourfoo` stu`gbs ce` stu`gb` shcii ebtworks ce` tfb bvoiutgoe on sbesb on mohhuegty. ]omgci aboarcpfy ̀ bcit

wgtf ebgaflourfoo` tfrouaf gts stu`y on spbmgngm iomcigtgbs fcvgea sghgicr fousgea pcttbres ce` ignbstyibs.

Mfgmcao ]mfooi bhpfcsgzb` tfb mrbctgoe on sbpcrctb ebgaflourfoo`s oe micss igebs. Cmmor`gea to ]pctbs ce` Hcmgoegs

(376<), tfgs smfooi usb` survby, pcrtgmgpcet olsbrvctgoe ce` ignb fgstory cs gts hcge tbmfegqubs on stu`y-smfoicrs on tfgs

smfooi, igkb Zcrk ce` Lurabss, ce` tfbgr noiiowbrs nomusb` oe tfb tfborbtgmci ce` hbtfoòioagmci cspbmts on urlce somgoi-

oay.

Cmmor`gea to Qbiihce ce` Ibgaftoe (3717), ebgaflourfoo` stu`gbs rbpicmb mohhuegty stu`gbs lbmcusb tfb norhbr

wcs ce bcsy sgtb on rbsbcrmf ce` ciso gt wcs c lugi`gea liomk on tfb mgty. Horbovbr, c`hgegstrctgvb onngmgcis usb` tfbgr owe

`bngegtgoes on ebgaflourfoo`. ]omgoioay‗s iomci crbc moembre ce` tfb moembre nor soig`cry sbetghbets wbrb otfbr rbcsoes.

\bx ce` Hoorb bhpfcsgzb` moenigmts ovbr fousgea ge tfbgr ebgaflourfoo` tfbory ce` ge`gmctb` ce geebr to outwcr`

hovbhbet ge tfb mgty. Cmmor`gea to tfbh, crbcs igkb ]pcrklook ge Lgrhgeafch gefclgtb` ly workgea micss lbmohb

‖twgigaft crbcs‗.Abvci ]uttibs (37>6) stu`gb` ‖C`chs crbc‗, c poor ebgaflourfoo` ge Mfgmcao fcvgea vcrgous mohhuegtgbs igkb

licmks, Hbxgmces purbto \gmces ce` Gtcigces. Fb (371<) tbrhb` tfgs ebgaflourfoo` cs ’`bnbe`b` ebgaflourfoo`‘ lb-

mcusb gt uegtb` wgtf tfb Gtcigces igvbes gesg`b cacgest tfb outsg`br Gtcigces.

Pfb rcpg` urlcegsctgoe ce` urlce hgarctgoe on rurci popuictgoes fcs caarcvctb` bxgstgea prolibhs ce` lrouaft ge

tfbgr trcge ebw oebs. Ovbrmrow`b` fousgea ce` siuhs, ovbrioc`b` trcesportctgoe sbrvgmbs, ovbrstrbtmfb` hb`gmcrb ncmgig-

tgbs, sulstce`cr` mgvgm chbegtgbs, tfb lrbckòwe on urlce aovbrecemb, ce` so oe, fcvb cii lbbe rbsbcrmfb` ct ibeatf.

]ghgicriy, aovbrehbetci ce` poigmy gegtgctgvbs ce` proarchhbs nor c``rbssgea tfbh fcvb lbbe rbvgbwb` ce` bvciuctb`. Gt

gs bcsy to ue`brstce` fow mohhuegty, bhpfcsgsgea moiibmtgvgty, wgtf gts ecrrowbr ce` horb rgag` crtgmuictgoe on g`betgty,

Rrlce Zbrmbetcab @bmcic`

popuictgoe on Rrlce arowtf (rctb)

(hgiigoe) to totci Zbrmbet

popuictgoe

37>3 16.7 36.: <>.0

3713 3:7.3 37.7 =6.<

3763 327.2 <=.= 0>.3

3773 <31.> <2.1 =>.0

<::3 =:>.7 =:.2 03.:

]ourmb4 Hgegstry on Rrlce Cnncgrs

Micss Zopuictgoe Eo. ]fcrb\ceab on Powes on urlce

Zopuictgoe

G 3,::,::: & clovb =:: >2.<:%GG 2:,::: to 77,777 =02 3:.72%GGG <:,::: to 07,777 701 3=.37%G^ 3:,::: to 37,777 3,3>1 1.11%

^ 2,::: to 7,777 10: <.>:%^G Ibss tfce 2,::: 371 :.<7%

Cii Micssbs =,>7> 3::%

]ourmb4 Hgegstry on Rrlce Cnncgrs



7/21/2019 MSOE-4-EM.pdf


>

E

ce` moshopoigtcegsh, bhpfcsgsgea `gnnbrbembs ce` uegvbrsci ge`gvgùcigsh, wgtf gts lroc`br ce` horb nibxglib crtgmuic-

tgoe on huitgpib g`betgtgbs crb poicr tbe`bemgbs ge tfb mgty. Pfbgr `gcibmtgms

(3) `btbrhgeb tfb sfcpb tfbgr cspgrctgoes ce`?bvbry`cy ignb on urlcegtbs, (<) ncmgigtctb/fge`br tfb rbcigsctgoe on tfosb

cspgrctgoes, (=) moe`gtgoe tfb crtgmuictgoe on tfbgr g`betgtgbs, (0) `bngeb tfb poigtgms on g`betgty ce` getbr-mohhuegty rbic-

tgoes, ce` (2) moestcetiy rb`rcw tfb picmb-spcmb moengaurctgoe ge tfb mgty.

Qgtf rbnbrbemb to c mgty, oeb moui` csk ’wfo lbioeas to tfb mgty?‘ or ’wfo crb gts mgtgzbes?‘ C miosbr bxchgectgoe on

tfb sgtuctgoe ge `gnnbrbet mgtgbs woui` rbvbci cey sumf qubstgoe to lb ncmgib; gt gs, ge ncmt, gevcrgcliy moetbstb`. Ge icw,

ceyoeb lore ge c mgty or òhgmgib` ge gt nor c `bngeb` ùrctgoe (3: ybcrs ge Ge`gce mgtgbs) gs c mgtgzbe on tfct mgty. Pfb

mgtgzbesfgp tfct so cmmrubs betgtibs gts foi`br to mbrtcge rgafts, nor gestcemb, ge c`hgssgoe to puligm bùmctgoeci gestgtutgoes,ciiothbet on puligm fousgea or sgtbs ce` ice` nor lugi`gea fousbs, btm.

Pfb mgtgzbes woui` igkb c horb bxmiusgvb `bngegtgoe on tfb mgtgzbesfgp, rbstrgmtgea gt ly c rgagìy `bngeb` ’ectgvgty‘ ge

tbrhs on tfb iceaucab on tfb stctb ge wfgmf tfb mgty gs iomctb`. Pfus, ’Huhlcgkcr‘ (sohboeb lbioeagea to Huhlcg)

lbmohbs motbrhgeous wgtf lbgea ’Hcrctfg Hceus‘ (Hcrctfg pbopib), bhpfcsgsgea tfb g`bc on ’soes/`cuaftbrs on tfb

sogi‘ ge igeaugstgm tbrhs. Pfb ectgvbs woui` moesmgousiy bxmiu`b eot oeiy tfosb wfo fcvb hgarctb` to tfb mgty ùrgea tfb

icst `bmc`b, lut bvbe sbmoe` ce` tfgr` `bsmbe`bets on orgageci hgarcets. Pfgs bxmiusgoe fcs ontbe rbsuitb` ge caarbssgvb

strbbt poigtgms ce` vgoibemb tcrabtgea outsg`brs.

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