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E Sa|ida`e h a X`ie HxzeviaNazy Tdmxk|wh

Ht|h kisze htdkazhdh at thbxi`|ht qxht|ht71. Qxhn e Vava @hbze5:. Qxhn cx`lex a Ezlhn Ghtx|a h qxait et thxt ejgh|iset54. E qxh liwhn la Ezlhn Ghtx|a%Sa|ida`e akbxnat vhzte`akilalht

nx`liait5

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:. I`die lh Keyeka h et Ejgh| iset la Ezlhn Ghtx|a -thbx`leVmhkvt h e Lz. Rikkian V. Bzaly)

4. Evi`iht lh vhzte`ak ilalht nx`lia it tejzh et Ghtx|at h eSa|ida`e -ilhn)

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@htth nhtne kisze+ e Lz. Zishza de`|a qxh+ avt e De`dkie Sa|ida`e II+ eVava @hbze -qxh `htta veda hza e Vh. Vhlze Azzxvh)+ h}vkidex e qxh tib`icidasa ah}vzhtte Iznet thvazalet+ liwh`le qxh hza7 iznet thvazalet... vaza nezzhz.Httht iznet thvazalet thzian vzi`divaknh`|h et vze|ht|a`|ht+ gxlhxt hez|ele}et+ et nait elialet vhke Sa|ida`e.

Qxath `i`bxn masia |ile+ a| megh+ evez|x`ilalh lh shz a ce|e le a|xak Vava@hbze. @e kisze Ghtxi|t+ a Nxk|ijiebzavmy+ le htdzi|ez cza`dt+ Gha` Kadex|zh+vxjkidale hn 1998+ velhnet h`de`|zaz htth nit|hziete vhzte`abhn+ `a vbi`a4

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Ncia. Mekkyreel |anjn vhz|h`dh aet Ghtx|at h et Gxlhxt qxh avazhdhn denevzevzih|ziet lat denva`miat di`hna|ebzcidat `e vattan lh |ht|at lh chzze laEzlhn.

Liw Vmhkvt qxh e Bh`hzak let Ghtx|at e li|alez+ ajtekx|anh`|h ax|edza|a+la Ezlhn. Qxa`le hkh caka+ thxt valzht vzesi`diait ejhlhdhn dhbanh`|h. H}it|hn

dhzda lh =4 vzesi`diait `e nx`le+ a|xaknh`|h. \xle i`lida qxh a Ezlhn lisilix enx`le hn =4 zhbiht lichzh`|ht. Vaza dala zhbie m xn vzesi`diak+ th`le qxh vazaet Ht|alet X`ilet _e`lh a Ezlhn lh|n xna cez|x`a i`dakdxkshk+ i`dkxtish dennait lh 86( lh aht `e naiez ja`de e Ja`o ec Anhzida cezan lhtib`alet lhwvzesi`diait. @a Anzida Dh`|zak m xn vzesi`diak+ jhn dene |anjn xn+ `aIzka`la. _Txvenet qxh `e Jzatik h}it|h avh`at xn+ `a dhz|a zhtili`le litdzh|anh`|h`xn lhttht dekbiet ghtx|at qxh h}it|hn hn qxath |elat at dilalht invez|a`|htle vat.^

E thx beshz`e thbxh et neklht jajik`idet le |hnve lh @ajxdele`etez+zhvzhth`|ale vhke vzvzie Bh`hzak. a cezna zena`a lh beshz`e+ den |xledh`|zakiwale `xna tejhza`ia nx`liak. _Det|xnath liwhz qxh e vava GV: emenhn nait zide le nx`le. De`|xle+ ht|h Bh`hzak e nait velhzete h+ |anjn+ ziqxttine+ veit txa Ezlhn ca|xza jikmht lh lkazht `e nx`le i`|hize+ a`xaknh`|h+thbx`le e htdzi|ez jzi|`ide Asze Na`ma||a`+ hn thx kisze \mh Sa|ida` Jikkie`t.

Asze cei e naiez vhtqxitalez h mit|ezialez le Sa|ida`e+ `e Tdxke ]]+ |h`levxjkidale :6 kiszet tejzh e attx`|e.^

Thnvzh qxh lhthga i`idiaz xna abi|ae tediak+ zhsekxe ex bxhzza+ eBh`hzak de`seda xn h`de`|ze den et thxt vzesi`diait h gx`|et exshn ati`ceznaht le vzesi`diak+ e`lh htta abi|ae lhshz ade`|hdhz+ a zhtvhi|e latqxhi}at le vese lhtth vat h `httat i`ceznaht th jathia e Bh`hzak vaza ezlh`aze i`die la abi|ae. _Itte de`chzh den e qxh khnet `et kiszet \mh Sa|ida`t

Mekedaxt| h \mh Sa|ida` i` Rezkl Veki|idt+ lh Asze Na`ma||a`.^ @et Ht|aletX`ilet+ a Ezlhn xtex e Nesinh`|e let Lizhi|et Disit+ a|zast le abi|alez Naz|i`Kx|mhz Oi b+ qxh e ax|ez dmana lh Kdichz Oi b. @et Ht|alet X`ilet hkhtdenhazan xna abi|ae+ qxh dxkni`ex den a atti`a|xza leA|e let Lizhi|et Disit.E ejgh|ise lhtta abi|ae cei de`dh`|zaz a ax|ezilalh le velhz hn Ratmi`b|e`+e`lh et Ghtx|at |n e thx qxaz|hk bh`hzak. Htth ledxnh`|e cei zhlibile vez\mhelezh Mhzjxzb -Dasakhize lh Nak|a)+ e qxak cei vzhtilh`|h la X`ishztilalh@e|zh Lanh+ lxza`|h nxi|et a`et+ vhz|h`dh`|h Ezlhn Ghtx|a. _LhttaX`ishztilalh hnhzbix+ `et a`et 36+ e Nesinh`|e Dazitn|ide+ e qxak agxlazia a x`izda|kidet h vze|ht|a`|ht+ vzi`divaknh`|h et vh`|hdet|ait+ `at Anzidat. Ht|h cei xnlet nxi|et bekvht lh nht|zh let Ghtx|at.

Et vzesi`diait le nx`le i`|hize beshz`an et Ghtx|at i`chziezht h nxi|etlhkht `e ciwhzan e vad|e lh ta`bxh. Htta i`t|i|xie ibxak la Nae`azia+ `aqxak e naen lh bzax i`chziez `x`da tajh e qxh ade`|hdh `et jat|ilezht naithkhsalet la Ezlhn h |zajakman+ tinvkhtnh`|h+ adma`le qxh ht|e cawh`le xnaejza lib`a+ dene je`t teklalet lhtth h}zdi|e velhzete. H e nait i`dzshk+ liwVmhkvt+ qxh et nae`t let nait ak|et bzaxt |anjn te txjezli`alet ae bh`hzaklet Ghtx|at. Qxa`le a Ezlhn Ghtx|a cei lhtchi|a vhke vava+ hn 1224+ Czhlhzide+ e

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Bza`lh -121:12=3)+ Zhi la Vzttia h bza`lh anibe lh Sek|aizh+ lhx bxazila aetGhtx|at h gx`|e den hkht htdzhshx e zi|xak la Cza`de Nae`azia Htdedhta. _Vezdaxta lhtth a|e lh dazilalh lh Czhlhzide+ et Ghtx|at cezan |ena`le de`|a la

Akhna`ma h megh te et le`et lhtth vat+ e`lh vzhvazan e naiez h}zdi|e lenx`le -e H}zdi|e la X`ie Hxzevia)+ vaza e date lh xna bxhzza nx`liak+ qxh

velhz thz e Aznabhlen.^Xna deita dhz|a h izzhcx|shk. \elat at bxhzzat le vka`h|a |n de`|zijxlevaza e cez|akhdinh`|e hde`nide h vek|ide la Ezlhn Ghtx|a+ dene at bxhzzat`avekh`idat+ vez h}hnvke. _@a II Bxhzza Nx`liak hkht de`|zaja`lhazan e exze let`awit|at vaza et ja`det la Txa h let Ht|alet X`ilet h cidazan ziqxttinet^+ th`leqxh megh te le`et le Chlhzak Zhthzsh Ja`o+ de`ceznh liw Vmhkvt.

Ai`la thbx`le Vmhkvt+ e kisze E De`lh lh Ne`|h Dzit|e lh Akh}a`lzhLxnat+ xna t|iza ae velhz ghtx|a `a Cza`a+ de`|a`le dene+ avt |hzhn tilehkht h}vxktet vhka Zhvjkida+ sek|azan den |ele e velhz.

Lxnat kx|ex gx`|e den et va|zie|at i|akia`et+ hn 1=

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Dav|xke :I`die lh Keyeka h txa EzlhnTejzh I`die lh Keyeka liw e ax|ez le kisze Sa|ida`t Attatti`t7Qxa`le I`die lh Keyeka cx`lex a Ezlhn Ghtx|a+ xna lat vzinhizat deitat

qxh hkh chw cei iz vaza Ghzxtakn+ a cin lh k ht|ajhkhdhz e thx qxaz|hk bh`hzak+cadiki|a`le+ lhtth nele+ a h`|ze`iwae le vava `aqxhka dilalh. De`|xle+ e thxvka`e czadattex. Hkh ceza xn teklale htva`mek chzile `a bxhzza Cza`deHtva`meka+dxga vhz`a cei chzila h cidex lhchi|xeta+ e qxh kmh lhi}ex xn denvkh}e lhi`chziezilalh+ veit+ na`da`le+ `e velhzia de`qxit|az e anez lh xna jhka nxkmhz.H`|zex hn vzecx`la lhvzhtte h h`|e th sek|ex vaza a zhkibie. Denhex a khzjiebzaciat lh ta`|et+ |hsh akbxnat sitht *jha|cidat* h litvtth a htdzhshz et thxtcanetet h}hzddiet htvizi|xait. Cx`lex a txa Ezlhn -1843) h cei vzet|zazth aet

vt le vava+ a cin lh kmh vhliz a j`e+ gxza`le lhch`lhz e vavale+ a| e ci`aklet |hnvet. E vava -Vie II) denvzex a ilia+ lhxkmh a j`e h+ attin+ ceitadzanh`|ala a Ezlhn zhkibieta nait ca`|ida+ vhzibeta h lht|zxileza qxh enx`le g de`mhdhx.

Thxt tli|et htvizi|xait hzan ejzibalet a ejhlhdhzkmh dhbanh`|h atezlh`t+ dene a| megh. Keyeka |i`ma xna se`|alh i`lenshk+ xna |nvhza lh aeh litvtth a zhdxvhzaz+ vaza e vavale+ et Ht|alet Hxzevhxt vhzlilet lxza`|h aZhcezna Vze|ht|a`|h. Kebe lhveit la j`e vavak+ Keyeka h thxt dena`laletdenhazan a vhzvh|zaz txat ejzat nakib`at. Bxhzzat h nait bxhzzat |n ade`|hdile`e vka`h|a+ lhtlh a cx`lae la Ezlhn. Et Ghtx|at te thnvzh et dajhat hn|elat at de`tvizaht bkejait. H`ziqxhdhzan dxt|a lh leaht lh nhnjzetda|kidet ca`|idet h zidet+ thn cakaz `at avzevziaht i`lji|at qxh |n chi|e+lxza`|h httht qxath 866 a`et lh h}it|`dia.

Dene liw e Lz. Rikk ian V. Bzaly+ hn thx kisze Ci`ak Ax|mezi|y+ dav|xke147

Et n|elet hnvzhbalet vez ht|a Ezlhn dka`lht|i`a te lib`et lh ht|xle+sit|e dene e thx ejgh|ise ci`ak ai`la vhzna`hdh hn evhzae `a Anzida h `alhtvzhwala Shzte Ax|eziwala lh 1311 -Jkjia Oi`b Ganht). E nelxtevhza`lilaTedihlalh Ghtx|avelh thz lhki`hale vhket thxt thit ht|biet thbxi`|ht71) Hlxdae:) Lex|zi`ae

4) I`cik|zae

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hzxli|et. Htth ht|za|abhna i`axbxzak lh Hlxdae `e velh thz h ca|iwalelhnait. A avet|atia de`dhjila thnvzh `a taka lh axka. @hrna` i`cezna7

Hkht lhtdejzizan nxi|e dhle a sat|a invez|`dia lh kilhzaz a nait ak|ahlxdae dene nhie lh ba`maz e de`|zekh lat silat let gesh`t nait majiki|alet hnait jhn ti|xalet+ cajzida`le thzset i |hkhd|xaknh`|h |zhi alet aet thxt

vzevti|et... A majikilalh adh |xala let valzht ghtx|at+ thxt de`mhdinh`|eti`txvhzshit la `a|xzhwa mxna`a+ txa acajikilalh `at na`hizat h txa `e|shkalav|ajikilalh t ilietti`dzatiat h dizdx`t|`diat lh dala i`lislxe+ |ez`asan`etvza|idanh`|h izzhtit|shit xna shw qxh h`|zatthn hn `|inat zhkaht den a

gxsh`|xlh txtdh|shk.E kiszh vh`talez Cza`dit Jade` -188313:3) cidex |e invzhttie`ale den at

htdekat lhkht qxh litth7 \ak dene te+ bet|azia qxh ctthnet `t. \h`le ikxlilee ht|xla`|h lhtasitale ae h}ijiz xna i`dxnj`dia vaza h}dhk`dia adalnida+ etvzechttezht ghtx|at vhzlhn vexde |hnve hn vaz|iz vaza e thbx`le ht|bie+ qxh aLex|zi`ae. @hrna` lhdkaza7

Thn lsila+ vzesshk qxh nait |hnve |h`ma tile hnvzhbale hn neklaz etthxt dazad|hzht zhkibiete h nezak hn denvkh|a mazne`ia den et ilhait la Tedihlalhle qxh hn atthbxzaz a naht|zia let ht|xlet. Bza`lh `nhze let gesh`t naitlhthgshit qxh i`bzhttazan hn txat htdekat+ thn i`|h`e akbxna lh th |ez`azhnnhnjzet la tedihlalh+ cezan ba`met a|zast le vadih`|h htceze let qxh lhkhtcidazan h`dazzhbalet. _Velhnet khz tejzh ht|h attx`|e `e dav|xke = la Ne`i|alet Ghtx|at.

Den e aja`le`e `a|xzak lh sziat dkattht bzalxalat+ e |hzdhize ht|biei`hsi|shk a I`cik|zae |hn i`die. Vez daxta le thx |zhi`anh`|e txvhziez hajzataleza de`side+ nxi|et let nhkmezht bzalxalet kebe se edxvaz vetiht lhkilhza`a `e beshz`e+ `e denzdie h `at cezat aznalat. @hrna` vzetthbxh7

Thx whke vzethki|it|a et invxktie`a t zhbiht algadh`|ht h+ a|zast lehtceze+ a ba`maz lh sek|a c da|kida et qxh |h`man th h`seksile hn mhzhtia.Denx`ilalht i`|hizat cezan zhasilat hn |hnve i`dzishknh`|h dxz|e.

Ht|a ajteze `a tedihlalh thdxkaz |hn tile cadiki|ala vhka `ida ith`evhzni|ila Ezlhn qxh `e vzhdita xtaz a sht|inh`|a dkhzidak. Hlne`l Vazitdenh`|a tejzh htta htva`|eta Ezlhn thdzh|a7

E nhtne ade`|hdh megh. Et |zi`|a h |zt nik nhnjzet ecidiait la Tedihlalhevhzan `e nx`le i`|hize `a davadilalh le thx vhtteak+ dene ecidiait lh xnh}zdi|e shzlalhizanh`|h thdzh|e+ de`|h`le hn txat cikhizat dmhcht lh vaz|iletvek|idet+ ecidiait lh ak|et htdakht+ bh`hzait+ nabit|zalet+ ctidet+ vzechttezht lhcadxklalh+ h|d.+ |elet hkht ja|akma`le vaza zhakiwaz hn txa vzvzia htchza a Evxt

Lhi hn zhakilalh et vka`et le vavale.A davadilalh lh th i`cik|zaz den jat|a`|h txdhtte |hn th |ez`ale vettshk

a|zast le qxaz|e ht|bie a Thlie. Xn shzlalhize ghtx|a a vhzte`icidaeh}a|a la I \in|he

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vhzni|ile a xn i`lislxe na|az xn |iza`e vez daxta le thx lizhi|e lhax|elhchta. Veit+ hnjeza a denx`ilalh `e e ezlh`h+ lhshth h`|h`lhz thnvzhqxh hka lhthga lhch`lhzth i`lisilxaknh`|h hn kxbaz lh dala dilale+ h a| nhtnelh xn ht|za`bhize... attin+ avt |hz lhdkazale qxh cei lht|i|xle lh thx zhi`e+ khbak |za|ke dene xn |iza`e zhak h+ de`thqh`|hnh`|h+ qxakqxhz menhn |hn e

lizhi|e lh na|ke.Qxa`|e Thlae+ liw e htdi|ez @hrna`7Lhtlh e vzi`dvie+ hkht xtazan e de`chttie`zie ae n}ine dene nhie lh

leni`az at aknat lh menh`t h nxkmhzht h ej|hz xn de`mhdinh`|e let attx`|etzhkibietet h vek|idet qxh thzsitth aet ejgh|iset la Tedihlalh. Et cikmet h cikmat letzidet h `ejzht hzan jxtdalet vez |elet et nhiet vaza cidaz tej a txa i`ckx`dia+ h+vaza |a`|e+ kebe th |ez`azan thxt de`chttezht casezi|et+ `a dez|h invhziak h hnnxi|at dez|ht zhait la Hxzeva. Hza e thx ejgh|ise de`t|a`|h |ez`az e thx tit|hnade`chttie`ak |e a|zah`|h vaza et zidet h `ejzht+ qxh thnvzh si`man vzedxzkehtve`|a`hanh`|h. Vaza htth cin+ e thx tit|hna datxt|a lh |hekebia nezak ceihkajezale+ `e qxak hkht |i`man nhiet lh avawibxaz at de`tdi`diat lh thxt tli|et+hn |elet et |ivet lh nak chi|et.

Abeza dmhbanet ae i|hn Vhzthbxie. Avt |hzhn neklale e beshz a`|h txa se`|alh h |za`tceznale e i`chkiw

hn i`t|zxnh`|e txjthzsih`|h lh txa vek|ida+ hkht thnvzh cidazan ae kale lht|h+li|a`le at nhlilat a thzhn hnvzhbalat vaza a hzzalidae la mhzhtia h denvkh|azhcezna le thx zhi`e+ de`ceznh e ilhak ghtx|a+ h thnvzh ht|asan vze`|et+ den|e|ak ax|ezilalh vavak+ a de`lxwiz e thx |zajakme i`qxiti|eziak.

H`qxa`|e at cadht vze|ht|a`|ht cidasan h`zetdalat hn litvx|atlex|zi`ziat+ dala shw nait h}|h`tat+ at bhit |zevat lh Keyeka hnvzhbasan e thxvka`e t}|xvke den e naiez txdhtte+ `xn vat avt e ex|ze.

Hn 1886+ e Ghtx|a Khgay zhdhjhx vhznitte le zhi Chzli`a`le la xt|ziavaza ht|ajhkhdhz xn dekbie ghtx|a hn Sih`a. Lh`|ze lh xn a`e+ qxi`wh abh`|htghtx|at g ht|asan vhzanjxka`le vhket azzhlezht le vat. Leit a`et nait |azlh+I`die i`t|akex xn dekbie htvhdiak hn Zena den e cin htvhdcide lh |zhi`az

nittie`ziet vaza a Akhna`ma. Hn 1883+ at x`ishztilalht lh I`bekt|al| h Dek`iahzan lizibilat vez vzechttezht ghtx|at.

\anjn hn 1883+ e zhi la Jenia -\dmhdetkesqxia) denh|hx e hzze lhajziz txa vez|a aet ghtx|at h kebe cezan cx`lalat htdekat hn Vzaba+ \yz`ax+Eknx|w h Jz``. E |zajakme ghtx|a hn Nx`iqxh |hsh |a`|e txdhtte qxh a dilalh hzadmanala a Zena Akhn. _Vez daxta lhtta bh`hzeta ajhz|xza+ a xt|zia th |ez`exxn vat ghtx|a h tdxket nait |azlh thzia i`salila vez Mi|khz+ bzaat agxla qxh et

Ghtx|at lhzan ae Cxhmzhz akhne.^Den lwiat lh ex|zet vatht i`salilet -a xt|zia+ hn 1886? a Txdia hn

183=7 a Vek`ia hn 1839? a Jkbida hn 189:+ h|d.) et `nhzet denhazan a de`|aztxa vzvzia mit|zia. Hn 13:3+ masia xn |e|ak lh qxi`wh nik Ghtx|at+

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Vaza laz xna h}dhkh`|h ikxt|zae la ejza lht|zxileza cezgala vez e`lh qxhzqxh vatth xn ghtx|a+ de`tilhzhnet e date le nattadzh le lia lh Te Jaz|ekenhx+`a Cza`a. Hn 1881+ a zai`ma nh+ Da|azi`a lh Nlidi+ vhzni|ix qxh a Ezlhnht|ajhkhdhtth xna data `a htqxi`a la zxa A`shzbxh+ de`mhdila dene Jikke`. Kebe athbxiz+ e Dekbie lhDkhzne`| cei ht|ajhkhdile hn Vazit.

@e lia :

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attatti`a`le xn dajzi|e h takvida`le lh ta`bxh a vaz|h i`chziez lat vez|at chdmalatla zxa.

De`|xle+ httat danva`mat cezan nhzat jzi`dalhizat lh dzia`a qxa`ledenvazalat Bxhzza let \zi`|a A`et -131=13

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Ciwhnet `ette vzinhize h asa`ale ht|xle... vaza i`t|ibaz `a nh`|h letda|kidet... e whke h gxt|a i`lib`ae de`|za et mhzhbht. Itte ciwhnet dekeda`lelia`|h let ekmet let ht|xla`|ht a h}dhkh`|h naght|alh la ki|xzbia la Ibzhga Da|kida`e kxbaz hn qxh sishnet. Ae nhtne |hnve+ net|zanet e lhvzinh`|h de`|zat|hqxh zhi`a `e kaz. A lhtekae dmeda`|h lh |elat at deitat tabzalat qxh k

h}it|hn... `ettet anibet h va|zdiet+ |elet et `ettet analet h i`de`|shit aknatakn lhttht+ vhzhdh`le `e ditna h `a invihlalh lh dala vzite h dzdhzhdenvkh|anh`|h ke|alet+ `e lh kalzht sikht+ nat lh tadhzle|ht h thzset lhDzit|e+ eza lh `ettet vait h va|zdiet. @ala m+ h`|e+ qxh `e lhsanet teczhz+ a`e thz ekmaz vaza et nakht qxh ach|an a `etta `ae.

A dav|xza lh Lexai vhkat |zevat daksi`it|at+ hn 182=+ na`lex e dekbieghtx|a vaza e h}kie hn Zhint+ a| 1894. Hn 18=8+ xn |e|ak lh :3= bzalxalet masiath i`cik|zale thdzh|anh`|h `a I`bka|hzza. At vhzte`akilalht lh kilhza`a `htth|hnve hzan et abh`|ht Zejhz| Vazte`t h Hlne`l Dmanvie`+ qxh h`|zazan `e vathn 18=6+ litcazalet dene ecidiait i`bkhtht. E `ide hsa`bhkme qxh hkht vzhbasanhza a lhvetie lh Hkiwajh|m I. Jehmnhz lhdkaza7

H`|e+ tej lishztet litcazdht+ hkht th htvakmazan lh de`lale hn de`lale+lat data lh danve a| e dat|hke. `ei|h+ exsian at de`cittht. Lh na`m+vzhbasan h lasan a denx`me+ h+ hn thbxila+ lhtavazhdian nit|hzietanh`|h lenele dene masian dmhbale.

Bzhh` adzhtdh`|a qxh+ h`|zh et thxt nxi|et litcazdht+ hkht xtasan at |ebatlet vat|ezht le dkhze i`bkt. _@e lh alnizaz qxh |h`manet `e Jzatik akbx`tvat|ezht hsa`bkidet -i`dzlxket)+ lh ak|a dxk|xza+ qxh |h`le ht|xlale hn dekbiet

ghtx|at+ nait th vazhdhn den valzht ghtx|at le qxh den vat|ezht hsa`bkidet.Xn lhkht cei vat|ez la Ibzhga Ja|it|a qxh czhqh`|e.

Dakdxkath qxh hkht |h`man ba`me si`|h nik de`shz|ilet+ avh`at xn a`e avt

|hzhn dmhbale I`bka|hzza. De |xle+ txa ki|hza|xza dizdxka`|h+ h`dezaga`le eattatti`a|e lh Hkiwajh|m I+ khsex a nitte `a I`bka|hzza a xn cin ajzxv|e. HnjezaVatte` |h`ma cxbile vaza e de`|i`h`|h+ e Vh. Dmanvie` cei dav|xzale h de`ci`ale \ezzh lh Ke`lzht+ e`lh cei thshzanh`|h |ez|xzale vaza qxh litthtth et `enhtlet thxt denva`mhizet de`tvizalezht. @e lia thbxi`|h+ qxa`le e dazdhzhize kmhi`labex dene th th`|ia+ e h}axt|e ghtx|a zhtve`lhx `ala nak+ veit `hn |a`|e.@e lia 61%1:%1=81+ hkh h nait da|ezwh ex|zet |zailezht cezan h cezdaletvxjkidanh`|h.

Hn 18=4+ e Vava Bzhbzie ]III ceznxkex xn vka`e vaza i`saliz+inhlia|anh`|h+ a I`bka|hzza+ den |zt h}zdi|et la Meka`la+ Cza`a h Htva`ma.

Vhka Vzesil`dia Lisi`a+ et abh`|ht la Zai`ma Hkiwajh|m I lhtdejzizan e

denvk h nhlilat vzhsh`|isat cezan |enalat+ `e th`|ile lh aliaz e a|aqxh. Ittenet|za qxh Ghtxt Dzit|e e Th`mez la Mit|zia.

\zt a`et nait |azlh+ ex|ze ghtx|a+ Ge`m Jakkazl cei vzhte vez de`tvizaz `eth`|ile lh khsaz Nazy T|xaz| ae |ze`e+ a|zast lh xn khsa`|h bhzak lh da|kidet `aI`bka|hzza. Hkh h |zhwh ex|zet cezan htqxaz|hgalet h vaz|ilet ae nhie -zatbalet `e|ze`de). Thtth`|a h xn valzht h qxazh`|a h `esh khibet thzian h`cezdalet vezde`tvizae `a I`bka|hzza+ `et vz}inet qxi`wh a`et.

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Den anibet lhtth |ive+ Nazy T|xaz| `e vzhditasa lh i`inibet. A i`|h`taa|isilalh let Ghtx|at hsh`|xaknh`|h izia dxt|az cx|xza zai`ma a txa dajha+ hn18=2. Akbxnat thna`at avh`at+ a`|ht la vez|h`|eta h}hdxe+ e vava Tit|e Smasia lht|i`ale 366.666 dezeat lh exze aet deczht niki|azht le zhi Vmikivh+ `eth`|ile lh ci`a`diaz xna i`sate inhlia|a I`bka|hzza. @at vakaszat le Dazlhak

Akkh`+ a zai`ma xtxzvaleza+ mhzhbh h vzet|i|x|a la Bz Jzh|a`ma -Hkiwajh|m I)lhshzia dhz|anh`|h thz lhvet|a.@a na`m le lia :9%68%18==+ nait lh :2.686 nazi`mhizet h teklalet

vaz|izan le vez|e lh Kitjea+ den 146 satet lh bxhzza+ khsa`le xna dazba nlia lh

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36 menh`t h `h`mxn `asie+ dmana`le a a|h`e let menh`t tjiet vaza Aqxhkhqxh dz iex et sh`|et -Ant

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vzhe. Txa Tedihlalh + vez `a|xzhwa+ li|a|eziak h+ vez|a`|e+ i`iniba lh qxakqxhzax|ezilalh de`t|i|xla. \elet et thxt a|et dzini`etet+ vez nait a|zewht+ qxa`ledenh|ilet `e i`|hzhtth la Tedihlalh+ ex vez ezlhn le Bh`hzak+ tib`icidan ejzatnhzi|ziat.

Ejgh|iset la Ezlhn Ghtx|a1. Lht|zxiz at |zt bza`lht zhkibiht qxh `e ejhlhdhn ae vava+ it|e + a

Ez|ele}a+ e Itkanitne h+ vzi`divaknh`|h+ e Vze|ht|a`|itne.:. Dziaz xna @esa Ezlhn Nx`liak+ a|zast la littekxe lh |elet et beshz`etlhnedz|idet h kijhzait+ a cin lh ht|ajhkhdhz xn beshz`e ajtekx|it|a `ide+ tej abilh le vava lh Zena+ dene `a Hza lat \zhsat.4. De`t|zxiz e \hnvke lh Takene hn Ghzxtakhn+ lh e`lh+ e vava lh Zenabeshz`az e nx`le+ hde`nida+ veki|ida h htvizi|xaknh`|h+ a|zast le Vava@hbze -thz e A`|idzit|e lizibile vhke cakte vzech|a).

Zht|axzalet hn 1=1

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j) Avkidaz htth li mhize vaza h`ziqxhdhz e Sa|ida`e h dezzenvhz et beshz`et h atde`tdi`diat i`lisilxait+ a|zast le velhz hde`nide.[

d) De`|zaja`lhaz et dzini`etet lh bxhzza `awit|at+ dekeda`leet hn vet|et dmasht vazai`ckxh`diaz et lht|i`et la `ae nait zida le Edilh`|h+ et Ht|alet X`ilet la Anzida.^

J \zajakma`le hn tik`die h xta`le a caktilalh

Sanet laz vzhchz`dia a xna bxhzza thdzh|a+ hsi|a`le vxjkidilalh. Dala jitve lhsh abizzibezetanh`|h tejzh e thx zhja`me+ th`le bh`|ik+ vezn i`ckh}shk. Hkh lhsh thz ezih`|ale aattxniz a mxniklalh lh xn dezlhize... vaza ba`maz |elet et dezaht. Nat qxh |anjhn taija abizden chzedilalh+ qxa`le |ishz lh lhch`lhz et lizhi|et la Ibzhga... Qxh `ala `et vetta lichzh`diazlet ex|zet menh`t+ hn na|zia lh avaz`dia. H}|hzieznh`|h+ |ele da|kide lhsh thz tedishk+adakh`|a`le+ ae nhtne |hnve+ lh`|ze lh ti+ xn lie de`dh`|zale h i`lni|a a`|iva|ia vhketi`inibet _Xn let thbzhlet le Hdxnh`itne

D Vzenesh`le Zhsekxht h bxhzza h`|zhat dkattht+ vaza lhtht|ajhkhdhz et eve`h`|ht.Qxa`le a hjxkie -ht|ale lh hchzshtd`dia)+ qxh ht|anet cenh`|a`le thdzh|anh`|h+ |ishz

a|i`bile e dkna}+ a |anva le daklhize thz zhvh`|i`anh`|h zhnesila h h`|e lhzzanazhnet e`ette cebe kqxile tejzh et vek|idet i`|zxght+ et qxait te ib`eza`|ht h lhta|h`|et+ a ve`|e lh`et thzsiz lh chzzanh`|at _Mi|khz+ Nxtteki i+ Vashkid+ Lekcxtt+ T|aki`+ Zeethshk|+ `a II BxhzzaNx liak^. Lhtth nele+ `ettet htcezet zhtxk|aze `xna zhsekxe lib`a le `enh+ a qxakdenji`az+ `xna de`qxit|a x`ishztak+ |elat at de`qxit|at g zhakiwalat. _Itte g ade`|hdhx den eht|ajhkhdinh`|e la X`ie Hxzevhia+ hn de`thq`dia la II Bxhzza Nx`liak+ la Bxhzza Czia h laqxhla le Nxze lh Jhzkin.^

Vaza `e vhzlhznet lh sit|a htth ejgh|ise naiez+ at vhtteat lhshn thz neklalat de`ceznh e`ette vzevti|e... Tin+ e vese e sat|e len`ie a thz de`qxit|ale... At dkattht nait ak|at |ntile thnvzh i`adhttshit t nait jai}at+ vez|a`|e lhshnet adakh`|az h`|zh hkat a a`|iva|ia n|xa.Sanet adakh`|az e vevxkadme+ qxh + thn lsila+ xn invkhnh`|e lh velhz. Qxh vetta ht|h `etde`tilhzaz thxt dakezetet lhch`tezht. Casezhdh`le et thxt lhthget _@et Ht|alet X`ilet+ eNesinh`|e let Lizhi|et Disit let @hbzet+ h+ `e Jzatik+ e let Thn\hzza{. Lhshnet akinh`|az ecebe lh txa iza+ ajzi`le lia`|h lhkh -e vevxkadme) a htvhza`a lh xna Hza lh Exze-@esa EzlhnNix`liak). _Lhveit litte+ qxhn velh lxsilaz qxh *Et Vze|edeket let Tjiet lh Tie* thgan ejzalet Ghtxi|at h `e let Gxlhxt5

L I`ckxh`dia`le et bza`lht h velhzetet tejzh et bza`lht qxh lhshnet h}hzdhz vaz|idxkaz i`ckx`dia. Lhshnet khsket a dzhz qxh+

`xn vhzele |hnvht|xete+ `e h}it|h thbxza`a akbxna vaza hkht+ a `e thz a|zast lh `ettanhliae. Lhshnet net|zazkmht qxh a daxta le nak h la chznh`|ae lat nattat saivhzna`hdhz+ h`qxa`|e h}it|iz e Vze|ht|a`|itne+ lhsh`le ht|h thz txnazianh`|h hzzalidale -bzice

`ette). _De`tilhza`le qxh et Ht|alet X`ilet te e jakxaz|h le Vze|ht|a`|itne `e Edilh`|h+ a|qxa`le htth vat sai cidaz a takse lh xn a|e |hzzezit|a zajh+ ci`a`diale vhket Ghtx|at5 @i`bxntajh...^

H Xta`le ax|ezht h htdzi|ezhtLhshnet+ lh |elat at na`hizat+ baza`|iz a agxla let vh`talezht nelhz`et+ qxakqxhz qxh

thga a `a|xzhwa lh txat evi`iht. Th vxlhzhn thz i`lxwilet a htdzhshz hn `ette casez+ lhshnetvabazkmht jhn+ qxhz thga hn li`mhize+ ex hn hkebiet.

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C A Izka`la `etta htvhza`aValzht i`idialet+ bza`lht te at htvhza`at qxh |h`me `at h`hzbiat la @ETTA IZKA@LA.

Hka a `etta danvh. Lhshnet x`bika+ hch|isanh`|h+ den e `ette khe+ lh nele qxh+ aede`|h`lhz den e thx |iza`e -I`bka|hzza)+ hka vetta thnvzh htdavaz lh txat bazzat. Hn qxa`|at

aznalikmat sai th nh|hz a keja jzi|`ida+ th avh`at htdx|az et `ettet de`thkmet... H e qxh `ecazhnet den xn vese ilie|a+ taksabhn h cani`|e -et izka`lhtht)5 A Izka`la velhz siz a thz e`ette Ta`te+ lhzze|a`le et cikit|hxt den xna qxhi}ala lh gxnh`|e.

Abeza sedt g tajhn qxak cei e ja|itne lh cebe qxh lhzzanhi tejzh at dajhat let nhxtvh`i|h`|ht `e de`chttie`zie+ `a Izka`la+ qxa`le kmht liwia7 *Vejzh vese! Qxa`|e hkht set |nlhbzalale... Ekmhn vaza httht bza`lht th`mezht lh |hzzat+ dizdxka`le hn nhie t ziqxhwat+lhseza`le a |hzza h wenja`le lh sedt... H+ de`|xle+ th sedt texjhtthn xtaz a ceza qxh |n+thzian jhn nait cez|ht. _Htta cei a na`hiza lh abi|az et vejzht da|kidet izka`lhtht de`|za etvze|ht|a`|ht+ a cin lh gxt|icidaz e denx`itne tediakit|a h dziaz a bxhzza disik+ qxh g lxza |a`|eta`et+ dhica`le nikmazht lh silat .

B Xna zaa da|kida leni`a`|hE vese da|kide e txdhttez le vese lh Lhxt -Itzahk) h+ de`thqh`|hnh`|h+ et mhzhbht+

te i`inibet+ qxh |hnet ejzibae lh h}|hzni`az -bzice `ette). Velhnet liwhz qxh Lhxt `etlht|i`ex vaza e h}|hzn`ie lhttht da`a`hxt+ ex thga+ |elat at `aht qxh th zhdxtan a h`|zaz `ax`ilalh la Ibzhga+ h qxh e Sibzie lh Dzit|e -e vava) cei `enhale vaza h}dhdx|az htth gxkbanh`|e+`a lhsile |hnve _Hn ni`ma evi`ie htth |hnve ht| th avze}ina`le+ veit abeza+ den et asihtvetta`|ht+ at aznat `xdkhazht+ e |hzzezitne zajh h a I`|hz`h|+ et Ghtx|at g velhn de`|zekaz ha| nhtne lht|zxiz et Ht|alet X`ilet+ jakxaz|h edilh`|ak la Lhnedzadia h le Vze|ht|a`|itne+ hnnh`et lh xna meza. Qxh Lhxt |h`ma vihlalh lh |elet `t. Itte velh ade`|hdhz ai`la ht|h a`e!^

M lie aet Vze|ht|a`|ht\xle sai taiz jhn+ de`|a`|e qxh vettanet de`thbxiz qxh xn da|kide+ lhtlh a nait |h`za

i`c`dia+ vetta ajeni`az a| nhtne a zhtvizae lh xn mhzhbh.Et da|kidet lhshn thz injxlet lhtth lie de`|za et mhzhbht+ qxhn qxhz qxh thgan hkht+

h qxh htth lie de`|i`xh axnh`|a`le h et de`thzsh thnvzh x`ilet+ a|zast le nhtne. Nat qxh|ak th`|inh`|e ganait thga lhne`t|zale -Hdxnh`itne)+ a| qxh vetta h}vkeliz `e lia evez|x`e._A|h`e+ vze|ht|a`|ht hdxn`idet+ shgan e qxh `et abxazla+ `e lia la si`ba`a le Vava @hbze!Qxh vettanet denji`az e `ette lie thdzh|e den e n}ine lh htceze+ `e th`|ile lh thvazaz etde`cishit lh |ele beshz`e i`inibe+ a cin lh hnvzhbket+ qxa`le ceznazhn xn dezve x`ile+ vazalhtchdmaz et bekvht nez|ait de`|za et mhzhbht. -Xtazan a @OSL lh T|aki` h a TT lh Mi|khz vazakiqxilaz et Gxlhxt h et Vze|ht|a`|ht+ `a Zttia+ lxza`|h a II Bxhzza Nx`liak+ 194919

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Bxazlhnet `e zhd`li|e let `ettet dezaht e vzi`dvie lh qxh qxakqxhz xn qxh `e thgx`|az a `t lhshz thz A@IQXIKALE -bzice `ette) h ht|hganet vze`|et a cawhz itte+ |e kebe|h`manet et nhiet _g de`thbxilet a|zast le Chlhzak Zhthzsh Ja`o -XTA) h la X`ie Hxzevia+e`lh g ht| th`le ezba`iwale e nait velhzete h}zdi|e le nx`le .

E Vze|ht|a`|itne g ht| th lhtbat|a`le h acx`la`le. Tin+ ht|anet g wenja`le lh txakh`|a abe`ia+ nazdma`le tejzh e thx htqxhkh|e h tejzh et thxt ettet litvhztet. Sanet avzhttaz a

txa littekxe+ a|zast lh `ettet htcezet denji`alet _Hdxnh`itne h Nesinh`|e Dazitn|ide . EVze|ht|a`|itne ht| th lhdenve`le _Nesinh`|et edxk|it|at+ devialet let dxztikmet da|kidet+vh`h|za`le `at ibzhgat hsa`bkidat h daxta`le lisitht . \hnet ak|at vhzte`akilalht+ g vez `tde`sh`dilat lh qxh+ th de`|ixazhn lhch`lh`le e Vze|ht|a`|itne+ ht|aze vhzlilat.

G Site la JjkiaEza+ a Jjkia -Shzte Ax|eziwala lh 1311 Oi`b Ganht Jijkh)+ htta thzvh`|h lh dajha

hzbxila h ekmet ckanhga`|ht+ `et |hn anhaale den e thx sh`h`e+ nhlila qxh th azzat|a vhka|hzza. De`|xle+ hka thz |zedala vez ex|za -Zhsithl Shztie` h at txdhttisat shztht nelhz`at+ qxh|n avazhdile+ dene a \elayt H`bkitm Shztie`+ a @hr Oi`b Ganht+ a Beel @hrt Jijkh+ a @IS+

h|d.+ |elat hkat hnjatalat `et dezzenvilet |h}|et a casez la Sxkba|a Ka|i`a h lh Rht|de|| h Mez|+a vaz|iz lh 1==1+ at qxait thbxhn at `eznat le De`dkie lh \zh`|e+ h |n tile htvakmalat hn |elee nx`le vhket Ghtx|at+ a denhaz lh Lxjki`+ Izka`la+ dene e bekvh lh nithzidzlia de`|za eVze|ht|a`|itne)... Lxza |h ht|ht k|inet tdxket -13111=:8) ht|a tvilh `e `et |hn lalelhtda`te. Jhn tajhit hn qxh de`cxte hka `et |hn dekedale h den qxh lh`|ht sh`h`etet `et|hn nat|ibale. -bzice `ette)

Ht|at vakaszat li|at `xna zhx`ie thdzh|a let klhzht ghtx|at+ hn 1=:8+khsazan 186 a`et vaza th |za`tceznaz hn zhakilalh den a dziae le NhzdaleDenxn Hxzevhx thbxile vhka X`ie Hxzevia. Den e ka`anh`|e le Hxze+ hn:66:+ kebe txzbiz a `hdhttilalh lh xna x`ilalh zhkibieta+ sit|e dene h}it|iz ax`ie hde`nida+ vek|ida h ne`h|zia. Abeza+ th sedt `e h`|h`lhzan at vakaszatlaqxhkh azdhjitve jzatikhize h`|zhsit|ale vhka \S+ caka`le lh *naiez h`|h`linh`|ezhkibiete* h`|zh et veset+ vette h}vkidaz. @e De`tit|ziezhdh`|hnh`|h zhakiwale `ei`die lht|h a`e hn Zena+ den a avzhth`a lh |elet et dazlhait la Ibzhga+ a vax|avzi`divak cei a i`t|i|xie la x`ilalh zhkibieta+ ex thga+ a Zhkibie Nx`liak+h`dajhala vhke Vava @hbze+ e De`lh Vh|hz Ma`t Oeksh`jadm+ qxh g ht| `e velhznx`liak. Thbx`le Vmhkvt+ et Ghtx|at de`|zekan e Chlhzak Zhthzsh Ja`o+ a DIA+ eCJI+ at nxk|i`adie`ait lh vh|zkhe+ chzze+ ae+ at |hkhdenx`iaht+ a h`hzbia hk|zida+h`cin+ de`|zekan |ela a hde`enia edilh`|ak+ thbx`le et htdzi|ezht Asze Na`ma||a`-\mh Sa|ida` Jikkie`t)+ Lash Mx`| -A Rena` Zilht |mh Jhat|) h Hzid Ge` Vmhkvt+-Sa|ida` Attatti`t)+ |zt let naiezht vhtqxitalezht lh Da|ekiditne Zena`e+ `e

tdxke ]]+ ax|ezht lh kiszet qxh |n tile avzhh`lilet h dekedalet `e *I`lh}*+ qxh aIbzhga baza`|h `e nait ht|az hn cx`die`anh`|e+ nh`|i`le+ dene thnvzh.Liw Vmhkvt qxh qxa`le a Ezlhn i`dzhnh`|ex et lishz|inh`|et -dene

Lit`hyk`lia h \S+ vez h}hnvke+ et bza`lht danvhe`a|et lh jhithjek h cx|hjek+jhn dene at ekinvalat nx`liait)+ ht|asa avh`at |h`|a`le a`ht|htiaz e vese leEdilh`|h vaza qxh ht|h `e th avhzdhjhtth le vhzibe qxh th avze}inasa.

Den xn tinvkht a|h`|ale |hzzezit|a ex xn dez|h txnzie lh h`hzbia hk|zida+`et vatht le Edilh`|h+ e Vava @hbze velh lht|zxiz+ hn vexdet liat+ a tejhza`ia lh

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|elet httht vatht. G `e velhnet zhtit|iz ae ajzae lh xzte den qxh Zena thvzhvazex vaza `et htnabaz. @ettet vat|ezht leznizan+ `e de`cez|e let thxtbaji`h|ht vat|ezait+ h `e de`thbxizan `et vzhvazaz vaza htth |hnve lh lezht qxhth asiwi`ma.

Khianet a Jjkia h ezhnet lh gehkmet vaza qxh Lhxt `et l ceza vaza a

|zijxkae h e naz|zie qxh th avze}inan+ a cin lh qxh `e sh`manet a zh`hbaz e@enh Ta`|e h bkeziete le `ette bza`lh Lhxt h Taksalez+ Ghtxt Dzit|e+*dzxdic ida`leE `esanh`|h h h}ve`leE ae si|xvzie* -Mhjzhxt 3.3d)+den a `etta desazlia lh dzit|et ina|xzet+ qxh vzhchzhn cidaz `a czh`|h la naiezazna le Sa|ida`e+ a \S+ hn shw lh khz h vhtqxitaz a ta`|a Vakasza lh Lhxt.

Shganet abeza+ thbx`le Vmhkvt+ qxait hzan et ejgh|iset la Ezlhn+ den eht|ajhkhdinh`|e la Bxhzza Czia7

1. H}|hzni`az |elet et *mhzhbht h kijhzait* `e nx`le i`|hize+ de`ceznh evad|e let Ghtx|at h e De`dkie lh \zh`|e.

:. Lht|zxiz e thx bza`lh i inibe+ e Invzie Jzi| ide _e qxh g ceivza|idanh`|h de`thbxileden e ht|ajhkhdinh`|e la X`ie Hxzevia.

4. Lht|zxiz a kijhzlalh vevxkaz h a tejhza ia lat `aht+ dekeda`le `evelhz li|alezht khait a Zena+ de`ceznh a vek|ida la Tadza Akia`a letGhtx|at. Vaza itte jat|a qxh caan xn a|h`|ale |hzzezit|a lh bza`lhtvzevezht+ e qxak gxti|iciqxh e ht|ajhkhdinh`|e lh xn zhbinh nikia|az.

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\dmhdetkesqxia h Ixbetksia+ hn qxh et vze|ht|a`|ht h et tzsiet tethnvzh et sikht...

d. Avzevziae lh ak|at qxa`|ilalht lh aht `at naiezht dezvezahtle Edilh`|h+ xta`le e exze zexjale -vhket `awit|at) let gxlhxt h letvze|ht|a`|ht nez|et `a II Bxhzza Nx`liak. Le li`mhize azzhdalale

a|zast le Invet|e lh Zh`la+ let thzsiet zhkibietet h lat *leahtsekx`|ziat* chi|at vhkat sisat lh bza`lht hnvzhtziet da|kidet hvhket nezijx`let zidet+ hn thxt khi|et lh nez|h+ thnvzh attit|iletvhket Ghtx|at+ de`ceznh i`t|zxht de`|ilat hn txa Ne`i|a.

Dav|xke 4Evi`iht tejzh et Ghtx|at h e Sa|ida`eLe kisze *Sa|ida` Attatti`t* lh Hzid Ge` Vmhkvt+ dekmhnet akbxnat evi`iht

lh vhzte`akilalht nx`liait a zhtvhi|e la Ezlhn Ghtx|a h le Sa|ida`e7

\menat Dzannhz+ Azdhjitve A`bkida`e lh Da`|hzjxzy+ h}hdx|ale vezezlhn lh *Jkeely Nazy*+ litth e thbxi`|h+ hn 18837

*Zhdxte e vava+ qxh i`inibe lh Dzit|e+ veit e A`|idzit|e+ den |ela a txacakta lex|zi`a*.Nhkdmiez Da`e+ valzh leni`ida`e+ litth+ hn 18367

*Et Ghtx|at te et vie`hizet le A`|idzit|e... Th et nhnjzet la Tedihlalhde`|i`xazhn a abiz le nele dene denhazan+ Lhxt vhzni|a qxh `e dmhbxh e

|hnve hn qxh et zhit lhthgaze zhtit|izkmht+ vezn `e nait |hze vettijikilalh lhcawke*. _De`sn `e|az qxh itte g |hn ade`|hdile+ lhtlh e ci`ak le Tdxke ]I]^Rikk ian Tmaohtvhazh -ex Hlrazl lh Shzh+ ldine t|ine De`lh lhE}cezl)+ attin th h}vzhttex a zhtvhi|e lat |hzzshit de`tvizaht vaza e czadattaleattatti`a|e la Zai`ma Hkiwajh|m I+ lh qxhn+ liwhn akbx`t dze`it|at la veda+ hkhhza cikme7

*Lxza`|h e a`e lh 1826+ ... E}cezl masia vhzna`hdile i`txtvhi|a+ hnjezatxa i`|inilalh den et vzinet da|kidet h e thx dzdxke lh anibet i`|hkhd|xait|ishtthn axnh`|ale. Ci`aknh`|h+ ... ht|ht+ vez xn lhtdxile+ kmh de`cilh`diazan+hn lhwhnjze lh 18=6+ et thxt vka`et lh lht|ze`az Hkiwajh|m h txj|i|xka vez Nazy

T|xaz|+ Za`ma la Htddia+ `e |ze`e la I`bka|hzza. Vaza txa me`za... cei lhvzhtta a|a Zai`ma a tejhza`a qxak+ dene xn dasakhize chxlak+ hkh masia gxzale izzht|zi|acilhkilalh...Hrazl Deoh+ gxzit|a i`bkt+ |hn a vakasza+ hn 13687

A |zaie hza akbe lh vzevzihlalh let Ghtx|at+ lhtlh qxh dekedazan et vt`ht|a |hzza h ganait vattazan qxa|ze a`et thn denh|hz a nait vht|ikh`|a hvhz`idieta |zaie+ |h`|a`le txjshz|hz |ele e Ht|ale*.N. lh Da`ayh+ Hnjai}alez Cza`dt le Zhi Mh`ziqxh IS+ hn Sh`hwa+ 13637

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*Et Ghtx|at cawhn xte la de`citte vaza ej|hz i ceznaht tejzh adavadilalh+ litvetie h nele lh sishz lh thxt vh`i|h`|ht h let vzi`divait attx`|etlat dilalht e`lh ht|ht sishn. Itte hkht cawhn vaza de`thbxiz canikiaziwazthh}a|anh`|h den |elet et lh|akmht+ a cin lh th |ez`az a vaz la ceza+ let nhiet hlat dizdx`t|`diat lh dala Ht|ale h lh dala cankia*.

Tanxhk Zx|mhzcezl+ vzhbalez vzhtji|hzia`e i`bkt -13

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A Tedihlalh lh Ghtxt i`iniba le menhn. \ela a zaa mxna`a lhshzia thx`iz vaza lht|zxka. Dxt h |hzza lhshzian zhbewigazth gx`|et tejzh a txa |xnja.Lhtth nele+ `e h}it|h ex|za ak|hz`a|isa h`|zh a txa |e|ak h}|izvae h a ajtekx|adezzxve h lhbzalae la mxna`ilalh*. _Et vzhtilh`|ht h a Ibzhga Vze|ht|a`|h letHt|alet X`ilet `e |enazan htth de`thkme h e zhtxk|ale qxh megh e vat nait

zide h i`ckxh`|h le Edilh`|h avh`at xn ta|ki|h la Ezlhn lh Keyeka.^H`bh`h Txh+ mit|ezialez h nlide cza`dt+ attin cakex+ hn 1=

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A|zast lh |ela a Akhna`ma+ et Ghtx|at htvakmazan+ a|zast la cezana|hziak txvhziez le lhtve|itne h la i`|ekhz`dia+ lhtekae h nitzia+ thnvzh qxha daxta la shzlalh h la kijhzlalh th tejzhttaia. Hkht hzan et mjhit ax}ikiazht lhChzli`a`le `a lht|zxie let Vze|ht|a`|ht. Ht|asan `e baji`h|h invhziak+ hn thxth}zdi|et+ h`|zh et thd|ziet lhzze|alet+ h a| th a|zhsian a vh`h|zaz `e danve let

Kx|hza`et-dkaze qxh+ dene htviht). Et Ghtx|at masian ceznale \ikky+ Rakkh`t|hi`h Viddekeni`i+ et |zt danvhht la daxta da|kida+ `a Bxhzza let \zi`|a A`et...vzhba`le e h}|hzn`ie let Vze|ht|a`|ht h liwh`le qxh `h`mxna ejza hza naitnhzi|zia aet ekmet lh Lhxt le qxh na|az httht nakli|et mhzhbht...

...De`tilhzaz xn Ghtx|a thbx`le a avaz`dia a naiez at`hiza. Ejthzsh edenvez|anh`|e lh xn Ghtx|a hn Ke`lzht h `e velhz zhde`madke hn Zena. EGhtx|a e menhn lat dizdx`t|`diat. @a Htva`ma+ xn ltve|a. @a I`bka|hzza+ xn de`t|i|xdie`ak. @e Vazabxay+ xn zhvxjkida`e. Hn Zena+ xn ca`|ide. @a`lia+ xn ilka|za. Hkh thnvzh attxniz h abiz+ i`lhvh`lh |h lh txavhzte`akilalh+ den alnizshk ckh}ijikilalh+ `aqxhkat lichzh`|ht dazad|hzt|idat+a|zast lat qxait et menh`t bhzaknh`|h th lit|i`bxhn x`t let ex|zet. Hkhadenva`maz a akhbzh nxkmhz nx`la`a ae |ha|ze h a| denvaz|ikmaz lh thxtzenva`|ht lhjedmht. Den tekh`h de`|i``dia+ hkh th th`|az ae kale le menhnzhkibiete `a ibzhga+ le nhtne nele dene th lishz|iz `a |ashz`a+ ae kale le bkx|eh le jjale. Hkh th sht|h den qxaitqxhz |zaght+ caka |elat at k`bxat+ de`mhdh|elet et det|xnht+ ht| vzhth`|h hn |ela vaz|h+ hnjeza ganait thga ilh`|icidale h|xle itte - ne`t|zxeta jkatcnia!) vaza a naiez bkzia lh Lhxt*.\mhelez Bzihti`bhz+ mit|ezialez akhne+ attin th h}vzhttex+ hn 1=247

*...Thx ejgh|ise -let Ghtx|at) vzi`divak hza a bxhzza... lhshzia+ lh ca|e+|ez`azth xna bxhzza lh a iqxikae. Akn litte+ thzia vettshk qxh hkhtvhzni|itthn qxh cetth de`dkxla a vaw den vatht+ dxget beshz`et zhjhklht masian

vzenxkbale xna khi lhdkaza`le qxh `h`mxn Ghtx|a lhshzia th a|zhshz a net|zaz ezet|e+ tej vh`a lh nez|h+ lh`|ze lh txat cze`|hizat5 Itte cei e qxh+ hn shzlalh+ chwa Jenia+ jhn dene a Mx`bzia+ a Nezsia+ a Tiktia h a xt|zia. H `e avh`atmasian attin abile+ dene+ ae nhtne |hnve h vxjkidanh`|h+ zhshkazan ae nx`le|elat at `hca`lat vhdxkiazilalht h ejzat la Ezlhn lh Ghtxt+ lh |ak na`hiza aanazbxzaz et th`|inh`|et let Ghtx|at ae nait ak|e bzax...\ela a |hnshkzhtve`tajikilalh vez httht |hzzshit |zi`|a a`et |hn lh cidaz tejzh e InvhzalezChzli`a`le II+ h thxt nht|zht+ lizibh`|ht h anibet `|inet+ et cikmet lh Keyeka.*Dmazkht Tvxzbhe`+ e bza`lh vzhbalez i`bkt+ -1=24) caka e qxh vh`ta azhtvhi|e le vavale+ i`|hizanh`|h de`|zekale vhka Ezlhn Ghtx|a7

* e i`hzh`|h lhshz lh |ele dzit|e vzhbaz de`|za e A`|idzit|e. H qxa`|e a

qxhn hkh + `h`mxn menhn+ hn t de`tdi`dia+ velhzia khsa`|az a qxht|e. Th hkh`e e vavale la Ibzhga lh Zena+ `ala h}it|h `e nx`le qxh vetta attin thzdmanale... E vavale de`|za e Hsa`bhkme lh Dzit|e+ e A`|idzit|e h lhshnet ezazde`|za hkh".G. A. Rykk ih + mit|ezialez i`bkt+ qxh htdzhshx a bza`lh ejza *Mit|zia leVze|ht|a`|itne*+ attin th h}vzhttex+ hn 1=2=7

::

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*Ganait mexsh xn litcazdh qxh hkht -et Ghtx|at) `e vxlhtthn attxniz h+vez|a`|e+ ganait mexsh xn kxbaz e`lh `e vxlhtthn vh`h|zaz. Velian h`|zazlhtvhzdhjilet `at dnazat let ne`azdat ex `et baji`h|ht let ht|alit|at. Velianth`|azth lhtvhzdhjilet `a de`sedae la Atthnjkia Bhzak h th i`|zenh|hz+ thnthzhn `e|alet+ `a lhkijhzae let lhja|ht.

Ganait mexsh xna ki`bxa qxh hkht `e vxlhtthn avzh`lhz h xn dzhle qxh`e vxlhtthn vzechttaz h+ attin+ `e mexsh vese akbxn ae qxak `e vxlhtthn thabzxvaz h ibzhga akbxna qxak `e vxlhtthn th anhnjzaz+ h`|zaz h alhthnvh`maz qxakqxhz cx`e. Velian h}hdzaz e vava den et Kx|hza`et h gxzaz aKiba Tekh`h den e de`|za|a`|h*.\menat Dazkykh+ mit|ezialez i`bkt+ cakex+ hn 1==67

*I`die lh Keyeka... a ce`|h lh e`lh vzedhlhn |elet et ziet la anazbxzaqxh abeza txjnhzbh e nx`le".Hlri` Tmhzna`+ hn thx kisze *\mh H`bi`hhz Dezvt ec Mhkk*+ 1==4+ liw7

*Thbxi`le |e `e|zia Tedihlalh+ txat vhbalat te i`de`cx`lshit xna sakadmhia lh dalshzht lh zhit...

Qxhn te hkht _et Ghtx|at^ 5 Et abh`|ht la htvie`abhn+ la i`|ziba h latadxtaht. Et vzi`divait cajzidalezht lat kibat+ lat bxhzzat disit h lat vhzthbxihtaznalat+ let ditnat+ let attatti`a|et itte qxh te. I`inibet h`daz`alet lakijhzlalh khb|ina+ vazdhizet le lhtve|itne. itte qxh te. Vhz|xzjalezht lh |eletet Ht|alet h lh |elat at cankiat+ thlx|ezht h de`tvizalezht. I`t|zx|ezht lhattatti`et let zhit. Ax|ezht la htdzasile h le cxz|e de`|za et veset. Sattaket hevzhttezht let zhit+ let veset h let menh`t ta`|et h ikxt|zht+ hn `enh lh Lhxt+a casez let vavat. Htta a txa mit|zia.*Z. R. \menvte`+ mit|ezialez anhzida`e+ hn thx kisze *\mh Cee|vzi`|t ec|mh Ghtxi|t*+ v. :9+ lhdkaza7

*_E Bh`hzak Ghtx|a^ edxva e kxbaz lh Lhxt h lhsh thz ejhlhdile+ ai`la qxha vaw h e jhn ht|az lat nxk|ilht thgan anhaalet+ ex qxh at `aht thgande`sxktie`alat+ a vaz|iz lh lh`|ze. A Tedihlalh Ghtx|a lhsh de`thbxiz e len`ie+nhtne qxh vzhsakha a a`azqxia bh`hzakiwala ex qxh e nx`le thga dejhz|e denet czabnh`|et lh xna lhnekie x`ishztak."N. C. Dxttao+ h}czhiza de`shz|ila -Oh`nezh) hn 1=93+ htdzhshx hn thxkisze+ *\mh Jkado Vevh*7

*Et Ghtx|at echzhdhn ae nx`le xn anvke tit|hna lh |hekebia+ a|zast leqxak qxakqxhz khi lisi`a ex mxna`a velh thz qxhjzala invx`hnh`|h+ h vhke qxaka| nhtne at jxkat vavait velhn thz lhtacialat. xna zhkibie |h`hjzeta+ qxhlhsh thz ajeni`ala vez |elet et menh`t me`ht|et h me`ezshit.

...E Ghtx|a de`thbxh e thx ejgh|ise+ nhtne qxh vzhdith dmavi`maz `eta`bxh le thx vzvzie vese+ a cin lh a|i`bike... Nhtne qxh nxi|et da|kidet|anjn lhsan teczhz+ jhn dene et mhzhbht qxh hkht lhshn lht|zxiz...

H`qxa`|e hkht lishz|hn e vjkide den gebet+ vattan e |hnve vka`hga`le eattatti`a|e lh thxt tli|et i`lhchtet+ dxge `ide dzinh |hz anale a Lhxt nait leqxh ae vava h |hz alezale h ekmale tenh`|h vaza Dzit|e+ dene ax|ez la taksae+hn shw lh ekmaz vaza a Ibzhga h vaza a Sizbhn.*

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Nazia`xt lh Kxdh+ valzh ghtx|a h vzechttez kaxzhale -vez Khe ]III) lhKhi Da``ida+ hn 1961+ th h}vzhttex lht|h nele7

A Ibzhga Da|kida |hn e lizhi|e h e lhshz lh na|az et mhzhbht vezqxh vhkecebe h vhka htvala qxh a mhzhtia vzhdita thz h}|izvala ... veit e ak|e jhn la Ibzhga ax ` il a l h l a c h ht|a `e velh thz vzhthzsala+ a `e thz qxh et mhzhbhtthgan khsalet nez|h. _Ht|a h `h`mxna khi le De`dkie lh \zh`|e cei+ a| megh+zhsebala. Vez|a`|e `t+ et "*hzhbht vze|ht|a`|ht*+ ai`la ht|anet de`lh`alet nez|h dene *iznet thvazalet... vaza nezzhz*.

-De`lh se` Meh`tjzehdm+h}valzh ghtx|a akhne+ `e kisze *Cexz|hh`Yhazt a Ghtxi|* 19117

*Et Ghtx|at+ vez|a`|e+ vhzna`hdhn lia`|h lh `t dene a h`daz`ae lh xntit|hna qxh ejgh|isa e len`ie vek|ide+ a|zast lh nhiet vek|idet litcazalet tej adava la zhkibie+ a qxak de`chzh ae klhz la zhkibie da|kida e vava lh Zena evavhk lh th`mez ajtekx|e... h+ xta`le a Ezlhn dene i`t|zxnh`|e+ hkh lhthga ej|hzvaza ti nhtne e len`ie le nx`le i`|hize*.Jxzoh NdDaz|y+ h}zena`it|a anhzida`a+ caka e thbxi`|h+ `a ejza *\mhTxvvzhtthl \zx|m ajex| |mh Attatti`a|ie` ec Ajzaman Ki`dek`*+ 19:< 7

*E vz}ine vatte `e bza`lh htqxhna le Sa|ida`e cawhz bxhzza h`|zh ht|hvat h e Gave+ lhveit qxh ht|h k|ine vat cei dekedale tej e |e|ak len`ie letGhtx|at... e vek|ide da|kide zena`e \iabe Vmhka`... h`siale ae Th`ale let Ht|aletX`ilet+ hn 1914... |h`le tile xn nesinh`|e i`idiak `a abi|ae a`|iGave...*Jeyl Jazzh|+ h}valzh ghtx|a izka`lt+ 19:2+ `e kisze *\mh Ghtxi| H`ibna*7

*@a Ezlhn+ e lie aet Gxlhxt xna |zalie. vzeijile alni|iz qxakqxhzlhtdh`lh`|h lh Gxlhxt `a Ezlhn. Gave`htht+ dmi`htht+ `liet+ `hbzet+ velhn thzalni|ilet `a Ezlhn+ nat `x`da xn Gxlhx...

E h`ibna ghtx|a avazhdh hn cezna lh livkenadia at|x|a h h`ba`eta... qxh a

ht|za|bia lhsh thz xtala... h a si|zia lhsh thz akda`ala... den at|dia h |zaie.*Khe M. Khmna``+ mit|ezialez anhzida`e+ htdzhshx+ hn 19

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-le Sa|ida`e) den Cza`de... Lhveit lh Vhazk Mazjez+ e Sa|ida`e adhi|ex e Bh`hzakOh` Mazala dene Hnjai}alez lh \qxie+ `a Ta`|a T...*Lih|zidm Je`mehcchz+ vat|ez kx|hza`e+ h`cezdale a na`le le valzh ghtx|ala TT lh Mi|khz+ hn 19

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nait le qxh et Ghtx|at h}ibhn vaza lhth`sekshz xna evhzae hn kazba htdaka+ le|ive `hdhttzie vaza baza`|iz e len`ie edxk|e le Ht|ale+ qxh e ejgh|ise vzi`divakla Tedihlalh. Lh ca|e+ a vek|ida le Lhvaz|anh`|e lh Ht|ale ht| tej a i`ckx`diale Dazlhak Tvhkkna`. Vhke nh`et 86( le vhtteak lhtth Lhvaz|anh`|e zhvzhth`|a eve`|e lh sit|a h`ti`ale `a X`ishztilalh Bhezbh|er`+ a htdeka livken|ida let

Ghtx|at. Ht|a htdeka lizibia vhke canete Ghtx|a Vh. Raktm+ xn bhevek|ide leBh`hzak Maxtmecchz+ a`|ibe ax|ez la |hezia mi|khzit|a......E dkhze -ghtx|a)+ `e th`|ile lh axnh`|az+ ex de`thzsaz txat ziqxhwat+ |hn

thnvzh i`|hzchzile `a sila vek|ida h hde`nida la `ae. At i`lt|ziat jkidat kmhzh`lhzan xn i`sht|inh`|e vzeshi|ete. A agxla a`|hziez lala vhke Ja`de Nezba`+ enaiez le nx`le+ |ez`exth e naiez invxkte ae velhz la Ta`|a T+ `a Anzida*.Hna`xhk N. Gethvmte` cakex+ hn 193=7

*...Hn qxakqxhz kxbaz e`lh izzenvhz xn nesinh`|e |e|aki|zie denx`it|aex `awit|a -catdit|a) velhth h`de`|zaz xn Ghtx|a lhthnvh`ma`le e vavhk lhde`thkmhize ex lh klhz. Hn Dxja+ e _de`thkmhize^ lh Dat|ze cei e Vh. Azna`leKkmezh`|h...Asze Na`ma||a`+ vhtqxitalez h mit|ezialez jzi|`ide+ hn thx kisze *\mhLekkaz a`l |mh Sa|ida`*+ 19=8+ htdzhshx7

"Thx ve`|icidale |hn tile dkatticidale dene xn h`ibna thnvzh inhzte hnlh`te nit|zie...

@h`mxn hsh`|e ex dizdx`t|`dia velh thz asakiale thn e de`mhdinh`|e leSa|ida`e `hkht vhz|idiva`le. H `h`mxna ti|xae invez|a`|h h}it|h+ `a qxak eSa|ida`e `e lhthnvh`mh xn vavhk h}vkdi|e h invez|a`|h". -\mh Sa|ida` i` RezklVeki|idt+ 19

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thnvzh hkhi|e*. _E tmer le zhtxk|ale lat hkhiht h`|zh Ak Bezh h Bhezbh Jxtm Gz.`e vattex lh h`dh`ae+ a cin lh lhtnezakiwaz a lhnedzadia anhzida`a.

E Lz. Akjhz|e Zishza+ h}valzh ghtx|a+ cakhdile hn 1992+ `et de`|a7* nhlila hn qxh hx asa`asa `a Ezlhn Ghtx|a+ nait ia sh`le a dezzxve

bzatta`le k lh`|ze. A| qxh nh de`silazan vaza xnani t t a ` h b z a dhkhjzalavhket Ghtx|at+ `xn net|hize+ ae `ez|h la Htva`ma. Qxa`le nh agehkmhi vaza jhigaze a`hk leVava @hb ze + si `htth a`hk xn tnjeke qxh nh de`bhkex e ta`bxh. Hza etnjeke na`ide+ qxh hx eliasa+ thbx`le e h`ti`anh`|e zhdhjile `e vzvzieThni`zie+ h de`|za e qxak ceza h`ti`ale a kx|az. Hza xn ajtxzle |ak+ qxh hx qxathlhtnaihi h ciqxhi tajh`le+ h`|e+ qxh e V a v a @ h b ze+ qxh de`|zekasa |elat atdeitat `e Sa|ida`e+ vez |zt let jat|ilezht+ |anjn hza xn nae` le nait ak|ebzax h+ ai la vez dina+ hza nhnjze le Vaz|ile Denx`it|a Htva`mek. Hzade |zalie lhnait vaza a Ezba`iwae cx`lala vez I`die lh Keyeka+ la qxaktaza+ |anjn e cx`lalez let Ikxni`alet* .G. \. Dmido+ hli|ez anhzida`e+ cx`lalez h vzhtilh`|h la Dmido Vxjkida|ie`t+Dakicz`ia+ XTA+ h}vkida7

"Vez daxta lh txa h}vhzi`dia hn htvie`abhn+ a Ezlhn masia cezale e Lz.Zishza a gx`|azth t cezat hdxn`idat+ tej a lizhe le Vava Gee ]]III. G `evelian dmanaz et Vze|ht|a`|ht lhmh zhbht+ nat lh izne t t h v a z al e t . H etdenx`it|at g `e hzan thxt i`inibet. H attin cidazia de`t|i|xla a Ibzhga Nx`liak7vze|ht|a`|ht lh |elat at lh`eni`aht+ |elat at lhnait ibzhgat ez|ele}at+ etnxxkna`et+ et jxlit|at+ et nzne`t+ at ibzhgat edxk|it|at+ at ibzhgat le kht|h+ anhli|ae |za`tdh`lh`|ak+ at |ht|hnx`mat lh Ghes+ a di`dia la nh`|h+ e

gxlatne+ h|d. H attin cidazia de`t|i|xle e Beshz`e Nx`liak7 Denx`it|at+ |elat atKegat Na`idat+ Tediakit|at+ A|hxt+ A`azqxit|at+ X`iht \zajakmit|at+ @esa Hza+h`cin+ bh`|h lh |ele |ive+ a| qxh e Vav a @ h b ze lhtth e thx je|h lhci`i|ise hh}ibitth de`shzte cezala lh |elet et nhnjzet la Ibzhga Nx`liak ae Da|ekiditneZena`e+ dxge `enh g tib`icida X`ishztak. Txa naiez ceza |hn tile e Nesinh`|eDazitn|ide+ a ve`|h lh x`ie h`|zh vze|ht|a`|ht h da|kidet. Bzaat aet thxtabh`|ht thdzh|et+ a Ibzhga lh Zena |hn h`|zale+ tezza|hizanh`|h+ `a |hkhsite h `aki|hza|xza dzit|t h |hn tile zhdhjila dene vez|aleza lh nht|zht hsa`bhkit|at.H`ca|iwa thnvzh qxh e anez qxh lhsh x`iz vze|ht|a`|ht h da|kidet h ht|h e thxbza`lh asisanh`|e htvizi|xak. Et vzinhizet bzxvet a daiz `at nakmat lhtth ejgh|isecezan et alsh`|it|at+ thbxilet vhket nhnjzet la ALME@HV -Attediae letMenh`t lh @hbdie le Hsa`bhkme Vkh`e). Hn thbxila et Ja|it|at+ Nh|elit|at+Kx|hza`et+ h|d. A| qxh |elet g ht|asan kaalet+ i`dkxtish et Nzne`t+\ht|hnx`mat lh Ghes h nxi|et ex|zet. \elet et Thni ziet h Dekbiet

nelhz`it|at alhzizan ae Hdxnh`itne. Et ghtx|at vattazan a lizibiz at aht laGxsh`|xlh Da|kida+ Khbie lh Nazia h Dasakhizet lh Dekenje+ vaza lht|zxiz httatzhtit|`diat. Abeza+ |elet hkht th dakan lia`|h lh Zena+ dhz|et lh qxh a IbzhgaZena`a dzit| h a naiezia let vat|ezht vze|ht|a`|ht |hn nhle lh cakaz nak lhZena. Nhtne vezqxh th ciwhzhn itte et htviht i`cik|zalet hn txat ibzhgat izea|adket tej at ezlh`t lh Zena. Itte e qxh th dmana lh a Bza`lh Avet|atia+de`ceznh liw a Vakasza lh Lhxt+ `a : \t :74+ a qxak ade`|hdhz a`|ht la Thbx`la

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Si`la lh Ghtxt. Vazhdh qxh ht|anet `et avze}ina`le let k|inet liat. E Tit|hnaDa|kide Zena`e ht| jhn lhtdzi|e `e dav|xke 12 lh Avedakivth. Hkh a txvhzibzhga h a jht|a _X`ie Hxzevha5^ caz den qxh hka txja ae velhz+ lxza`|h abza`lh |zijxkae. Lhveit+ hka thz lht|zxla den cebe. H`|e+ e Th`mez Ghtxtsek|az vaza lht|zxiz |ele e tit|hna velzh lht|h nx`le+ |zawh`le+ aci`ak+ gxt|ia h

vaw vaza |elet et qxh `hkh dzhn h kmh te ciit.Vaza ba`maz at aknat let Da|kidet vaza Ghtxt vzhditanet cakaz+ den nxi|adezabhn+ qxh a Jjkia a `ida shzlalh qxh kijhz|a la nh`|iza h le ca`a|itnezhkibiete+ qxh et da|kidet zena`et `e te dzit|et h qxh a Ibzhga Da|kida Zena`a`e xna Ibzhga dzit|. \hnet lh khsaz ht|a nh`tabhn vxza h shzlalhiza a naitlh xn jikme lh da|kidet+ qxh ht|e th`le kxlijzialet `e nx`le i`|hize!*Lash Mx`|+ htdzi|ez anhzida`e h vhtqxitalez lh Da|ekiditne+ hn thx kiszelh 366 vbi`at+ A Rena` Zilht |mh Jhat|+ vez `t |zalxwile vaza e Vez|xbxt+hn 199=+ h ai`la `e hli|ale `e Jzatik+ caka le ca`|t|ide velhz le Sa|ida`e7

*Et vavat aciznan qxh velhn ajziz h chdmaz et vez|ht le dx ex lei`chz`e. Vaza |a`|e+ hkht dazzhban de`tibe at vhtalat dmasht lh T. Vhlze. Nat+ shwvez ex|za+ hkht velhn |anjn ajziz et vez|ht aqxi hn jai}e. H+ th`le e nx`ledene + itte ai`la nait invez|a`|h. Vaz|idxkaznh`|h+ hn edatiht hn qxh etvez|ht la livkenadia i`|hz`adie`ak lhshn vhzna`hdhz chdmalet*.

Tejzh a |za`tchz`dia le |ze`e lh Zena vaza Ghzxtakn Lash Mx`| caka7*Abeza+ e vava GV: |hn th i`|zenh|ile `et attx`|et lh Itzahk den et

vakht|i`et+ `a dhz|a sita`le a vaz|h le khe+ `a meza lh zhvaz|iz e jeke. Zena |hnqxath dhz|hwa lh qxh a mhzlhiza i`cakshk h ajtekx|a le Dzit|ia`itne vzini|ise h+vez itte+ lhthga i`t|akazth hn Ghzxtakn+ a cin lh fvzesazf a txa khbi|inilalhdene Ibzhga.De`|xle+ itte ganait ade`|hdhz+ vezqxh e A`|idzit|e sai laz xnjat |a`et ajxtet lhtta Ibzhga qxh sai dekedke `e velhz+ xta`le |ela a txa ceza

zhkibieta+ vek|ida h hde`nida. Qxa`le e A`|idzit|e th sek|az de`|za et Gxlhxt+ g|hz th sek|ale de`|za a nxkmhz qxh e dekedex `e |ze`e -h}a|anh`|h dene atvzet|i|x|at det|xnasan cawhz `e vattale+ dekeda`le thxt vavat casezi|et `e |ze`elh Vhlze) h lht|zxiz htta nxkmhz sanviza vaza zhakiwaz e dxnvzinh`|e lavzechdia lh Avedakivth 1=.Qxhn |hn exsilet exa e qxh e Htvzi|e liw tibzhgat.Hz id Ge` Vmhkvt+ ax|ez lh xna lat lxat ejzat aqxi xtalat+ it|e +*Sa|ida` Attatti`t*+ vxjkidala `e a`e :666+ |hn a vakasza7

*@e *GCO+ Lizhd|ezt Dx|* Ekishz T|e`h hnvzhba a ntida lh Rekcba`bAnalhxt Newaz|. Vez qxh et Vze|ht|a`|ht `e hnvzhban Jadm h Nh`lhkte`5Vezqxh Newaz| hza xn naen da|kide zena`e h denvt a *Ckax|a Nbida* vaza a

izna`lalh. Hkh |anjn denvt xna vhza hn Ka|in+ dene i`|hzklie la |zablia*Dkhnh`|ia Dzehth*. Hka cei h}hdx|ala `e Dekbie Ghtx|a+ hn Takwjxzbe+ xt|zia.Newaz| cei a chzzanh`|a nait cihk let Ghtx|at h+ lhtth nele+ e denveti|ez qxh naitdakmasa den a ejza lh Ekishz T|e`h*.

Tejzh e attatti`a|e lh Oh``hly+ e vzinhize vzhtilh`|h da|kide let Ht|aletX`ilet+ chzile vhket thxt vzvziet dezzhkibie`ziet+ Vmhkvt xta xn shztdxke jjkide7

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*H th akbxn kmh litthz7 qxh chzilat te ht|at `at |xat net5Liz hkh7 te chzilat den qxh cxi chzile hn data let nhxt anibet*.Wadaziat 147=.Vmhkvt i`di|a e vese anhzida`e a `e denvad|xaz den at ejzat la Ezlhn

Ghtx|a+ xta`le Hctiet 8711 qxh liw7

*H `e set denx`iqxhit den at ejzat i`czx|chzat lat |zhsat+ nata`|ht de`lh`aiat*.*Cawh`le itte+ ht|azhnet zhtit|i`le ae velhz le Liaje h le thx Bh`hzak

Ghtx|a+ de`|zekalez la Tedihlalh Ghtx|a+ tejhza`e la Ezlhn Niki|az lh Nak|a+ laNae`azia+ let Dasakhizet lh Dekenje h let Ikkxni`a||i lh Ze|mtdmikl. Th `etteta`|hvattalet e ciwhzan+ |hnet e lhshz lh cawhz e nhtne. Dene thzse le Th`mezGhtxt Dzit|e+ vhzbx`|h+ extalanh`|h+ ae Vai Dhkht|iak+ e qxh lhsh cawhz vaza zhtit|iz+a+ e`lh sed ht|. Hkh sai kmh net|zaz. Vetta e Cikme lh Lhxt ht|az den sed+ azqxh `et h`de`|zhnet `a h|hz`ilalh+ `e lia le Gxkbanh`|e `e \zijx`ak lh Dzit|e*.

*... E vhdale vhtteak th |za`tceznex hn `ette i`inibe `|ine. nhlila hnqxh e vese cei vhzlh`le_a c hn Lhxt h^ a htvhza`a+ hkh vzedxzex vzhh`dmhz esawie le thx *Lhxt nez|e* den e vzawhz. Vhzlhx a dezabhn lh kx|az de`|za a|iza`ia+ hn casez lat daxtat gxt|a+ dene vhtteat gxt|at. De`|zekala vhket Ghtx|at+a Dez|h Txvzhna Razzh` ja`ix le `ette tit|hna hlxdadie`ak vjkide a Jjkia h aezae+ at lxat cez|akhwat vze|ht|a`|ht qxh |ez`azan bza`lh e vese anhzida`e+ |eanaklieale vhka Ezlhn. Lxza`|h a`et a Ezlhn de`|i`xex a xtaz e `e htdkazhdileattatti`a|e le Vzhtilh`|h Oh``hly vaza lht|zxiz a nezak h e va|zie|itne letanhzida`et.

@t+ vese anhzida`e+ |h`le vhzlile a de`cia`a `e Lhxt lh `ettet vait+h`de`|zane`et lhzisa+ `xn naz |hnvht|xete+ thn xn vez|e thbxze sit|a*.

Tejzh a hlie lat Jjkiat dezzenvilat vhket |h}|et akh}a`lzi`et lh Rht|de||

h Mez|+ leit a`bkida`et avt|a|at+ a thzsie let ghtx|at+ lhtlh e Tdxke 19+ Vmhkvtdi|a at vakaszat lh xn let vzesi`diait la Ezlhn7*@t+ et Ghtx|at+ izhnet |enaz de`|a lh |elet et dekbiet h x`ishztilalht.

Ba`mazhnet e de`|zekh+ vez khi+ la i`t|zxe+ la nhlidi`a+ la di`dia+ la hlxdaeh+ h`|e+ h}dkxizhnet lh |elet et kiszet lil|idet |xle qxh cez i gxziete aeDa|ekiditne Zena`e. Neklazhnet et ilhait la gxsh`|xlh. Sanet `et de`bzhbazdene vzhbalezht vze|ht|a`|ht h vzechttezht lh dekbiet+ `at lishztatlh`eni`aht vze|ht|a`|ht. Nait dhle ex nait |azlh+ de`thbxizhnet ni`az aax|ezilalh le \h}|e Bzhbe lh Hzatne h |anjn at hliht le Shkme \ht|anh`|e+qxh |n extale hzbxhz a dajha de`|za a `etta |zalie+ lht|zxi`le+ h`|e+ aZhcezna Vze|ht|a`|h*. -A| aqxi cakex Hzid Ge` Vmhkvt).

Dene thnvzh+ et Ghtx|at de`thbxizan zhakiwaz nait htth ejgh|ise+ veit at`esat hliht la Jjkia+ dene a JKM+ a Sisa+ a @SI h ex|zat+ hn `ette vat+ gcezan hli|alat de`ceznh e lhthge lhttat zavetat bkejait. Aqxi `e Jzatik+ et Ghtx|at`e |ishzan |a`|e |zajakme vaza de`|zekaz a hlxdae+ e tit|hna lh talh+ atci`a`at+ h`cin+ a sila le vese. Lhtlh e i`die la deke`iwae+ hkht g cezandxila`le lh thxt i`|hzhttht. E Ht|ale le Viax+ vez h}hnvke+ hza qxath |elevzevzihlalh let Ghtx|at+ a| qxh ht|ht cezan h}vxktet+ `a veda le Nazqxt lh

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Venjak+ qxh `hkht lhtdejzix et naiezht i`inibet la Dezea Vez|xbxhta h lh txatdek`iat. H e qxh avzh`lhnet `a htdeka5 Qxh Venjak cei xn ne`t|ze+ qxhvzhgxlidex lhnait e `ette vat+ qxa`le a shzlalh jhn ex|za!

Dene ht|xla`|h+ lxza`|h |ela a ni`ma sila+ thnvzh cxi h`ti`ala a dzhz qxhKx|hze cei xn czalh leni ida`e |zhnh`lanh`|h i`shgete+ qxh chw a Zhcezna

Vze|ht|a |h vez ba``dia h i`shga lh \h|whk+ e sh`lhlez lh i`lxkb`diat leSa|ida`e+ qxa`le a shzlalh mit|zida |e|aknh`|h ex|za. Kx|hze cei e naiez menhnqxh e nx`le g vettxix+ lhveit le avt|eke Vaxke^. Vaxke+ lhveit lh Dzit|e+ cei enhkmez. Keyeka+ lhveit le Liaje+ cei e viez...

Lh Vmhkvt |zalxwinet ht|h vehna+ qxh avzhth`|a xn vhzcik i`|hzhtta`|h lecx`lalez la Tedihlalh Ghtx|a+ I`die lh Keyeka7E htva`mek qxh thzia% lh xna `ejzh atdh`l`dia+% den txa Ezlhn qxhinazia% lh

Ale a lhtdh`l`dia.% A |elet et qxh ht|asan% tej e thx cez|h dena`le+% thxtbzi|et thnvzh hdeasan7%*Sek|hnet a Miklhjza`le!*% Le vava at lxathtvalat%a|zast lhkh a|xasan% h a Ta|a`t de`tabzalat% de`|za Ghtxt th sek|asan.%

Thx `enh at nxi|at `aht% vzhditan jhn de`mhdhz+% veit |elet et dezaht% |hn|h`|ale vhzshz|hz.% Hn bxhzzat h teczinh`|et% exshth e |hzzshk `enh.% Hkh t `et|zaw kanh`|et% h hn nxi|at bxhzzat de`tenh.% I`die lh Keyeka.% G e |i`ma a`|htexsile5% Lh Ta|a`t `a ji|eka% hkh thnvzh cei de`|ile.% Dene Gxlat den e thxja`le% cei vze thx vzvzie kxbaz% h k `at |zhsat bzi|a`le% vaza thnvzh sai cidaz.

Abeza sanet shz dene e Sa|ida`e xtex et li|alezht hxzevhxt vaza |h`|azht|ajhkhdhz xn Ht|ale \e|aki|zie Hxzevhxtej e thx dena`le. At lxat Bza`lhtBxhzzat qxh+ thbx`le Vmhkvt+ hkh vzhvazex |i`man dene ejgh|ise `ide dziaz htthtxvhz Ht|ale Hxzevhx+ vaza laki h}va`liz e thx velhz a|zast le nx`le i`|hize+

de`|zeka`le et veset a|zast let li|alezht vez hkh htdekmilet+ dene `et |hnvet laIlalh Nlia.

E Sa|ida`e Elhia e Vze|ht|a`|itneAsze Na`ma||a`+ `e dav|xke 1= le thx kisze *Sa|ida` Invhziakitn i` |mh

\rh`|ih|m Dh`|xzy*+ caka le lie qxh e Sa|ida`e |hn zhvzhtale de`|za eVze|ht|a`|itne+ lhtlh e i`die la Zhcezna Vze|ht|a`|h.

E li|ale vevxkaz lh qxh at a`|ibat cadht zhkibietat te sxkdht h}|i`|et+ h qxh et lietzhkibietet ht|e lhci`i|isanh`|h nez|et+ xn de dhi|e+ `e avh at hzzale+ dene a| xnalhne`t|zae lh vhzibeta cakdia.

Lhtth nele+ adzhli|az qxh a i`iniwalh thdxkaz h}it|h`|h h`|zh e Da|ekiditne Zena`e h eVze|ht|a`|itne deita le vattale ex qxh a Ibzhga lh Zena+ de`qxa`|e |h`ma denja|ile h`hx|zakiwale a Ibzhga Ez|ele}a+ zhtekshx cawhz at vawht den at lhnait zhkibiht dmanalat dzit|t+ |e h`ba`ete dene adzhli|az qxh a Ibzhga Da|kida g `e nait th de`tilhza a *`ida lh|h`|ezala shzlalh*+ h abeza+ |anjn+ g `e de`tilhza |elat at lhnait zhkibiht dene caktat hvzhgxlidiait.

A shzlalh qxh e a`|ibe lie le Da|ekiditne de`|za e Vze|ht|a`|itne de`|i`xa sise+ naitli`nide h cez|h le qxh `x`da+ vze`|e a a|adaz invihletanh`|h et *mhzhbht*+ qxa`le |ishz edatievzevdia. E qxh ade`|hdh qxh et zhbinht lhnedz|idet h kijhzait le Edilh`|h g `e vhzni|hn

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qxh htta Ibzhga caa i`sht|ilat de`|za at kijhzlalht zhkibietat+ h itte |hn hsi|ale de`cki|et+invhli`le qxh hka aga den txdhtte h invx`ilalh de`|za at kijhzlalht vzedkanalat hn ak|a sew h+zhka|isanh`|h+ h}hzdilat `e Edilh`|h.

De`|xle+ `e lhi}a lh thz vhzibete adzhli|az qxh a Ibzhga lh Zena nxlex vaza nhkmez+|h`le vattale vez xna de`shzte i`|hziez+ h qxh abeza abh den anez hn zhkae a |elet et thxt*i`inibet* zhkibietet. E ca|e qxh txa |ekhz dia avh`at txvhzcidiak h vzedhlh lh xna tzih lh

ca|ezht+ adhi|et sekx`|zia ex denvxktezianh`|h+ th`le qxh a naiez vaz|ht lht|ht |hn ht|ale cezale thx de`|zekh. Akn la tedihlalh nelhz`a |ka ejzibale a vza|idaz htta |ekhz`dia zhkibieta+thxt ne|iset vaz|idxkazht de`sh`dhzan`a a adhi|az h a| a th net|zaz dezliak den eVze|ht|a`|itne. Lh`|zh httht ca|ezht lht|adanth leit+ qxh te7 1. E cez|akhdinh`|e lat ilhekebiatde`|hnvez`hat met|it a Zena. :. E cez|akhdinh`|e let htqxhnat vek|idet anjidie`alet vhkaIbzhga. Httht leit ca|ezht ht|e lh |ak na`hiza i`|hzzhkadie`alet qxh a `hdhttilalh lh th evez aevzinhize h lh i`dzhnh`|az e k|ine |hn khsale a Ibzhga a th vet|az ae kale let sziet eve`h`|htzhkibietet+ et qxait+ m zhka|isanh`|h vexde |hnve+ hka `e |hzia mhti|ale hn qxhinaz `a cebxhiza+vhke tinvkht ca|e lh ht|azhn hn lhtadezle den at txat lex|zi`at.

Akn lhttht+ ex|zet ne|iset ibxaknh`|h cez|ht |n de`|zijxle vaza xna *|ekhz`dia* naiezle Da|ekiditne hn zhkae ae Vze|ht|a`|itne. At nait zidat h velhzetat `aht edilh |ait+vzi`divaknh`|h et XTA+ |ez`azanth velhzetat akialat le Sa|ida`e+ lxza`|h a dmanala BxhzzaCzia+ |h`le e lkaz anhzida e th |ez`ale a nehla ecidiak le Sa|ida`e -e qxh sai de`|i`xaz+ vhke

nh`et a| e A`e :66:+ qxa`le e Hxze h`|zaz hn dizdxkae)+ th`le 4%< lh txa ziqxhwa vzedhlh`|h+lizh|a ex i`lizh|anh`|h+ lhtth zide vat anhzida`e. Itte nait invez|a`|h vaza e Sa|ida`e le qxhbhzaknh`|h th txvh+ sit|e dene e velhz hde`nide bhza e velhz vek|ide h ht|ht+ akialet aebza`lh velhz zhkibiete la Ibzhga lh Zena+ |n |za`tceznale htta i`t|i|xie `a nait velhzeta lh|ele e vka`h|a. A ize`ia la mit|zia qxh htta Ibzhga |h`ma cidale |e zida attin+ `a naiez `ae-`eni`aknh`|h) vze|ht|a`|h le bkeje. De`|xle+ e ca|ez nait invez|a`|h qxh khsex a Ibzhga lhZena a hnjazdaz `htth htqxhna cei e lhthge le len`ie vek|ide h zhkibiete lat Anzidat+ a vaz|izle nabe la `ae klhz lhtth de`|i`h |h+ et XTA. H cei attin qxh azqxisaz a i |ekhz`dia zhkibieta|ez`exth akbe txnanh`|h `hdhttzie de`thdxe lhtth ejgh|ise h akn lh ex|zet ne|iset.

Nat avhtaz lat hsilh`|ht zawht qxh khsazan a Ibzhga a vza|idaz la jeda vaza ceza akijhzlalh lhnedz|ida -qxh hka thnvzh eliex) h lhtth nele+ ci`biz xna a|i|xlh anit|eta hnzhkae ae Vze|ht|a`|itne+ e thx a |ibe lie vhzna`hdh ka|h`|h h+ thn lsila+ sai thzvxjkidanh`|h lhne t|zale+ qxa`le htta ezba iwae vek|idahde`nidazhkibieta ht|ishz `elen ie |e|ak le Edilh`|h+ kiszh la vzhtte la I`bka|hzza h let XTA+ e qxh velhz ade`|hdhz hnjzhsh+ den e ht|ajhkhdinh`|e la X`ie Hxzevia.

Aet i`dax|et klhzht vze|ht|a`|ht qxh |n dale `e *de`|e le sibzie lh Dzit|e*+ lhshnetalneht|az qxh hnjeza e lie le Sa|ida`e de`|za e Vze|ht|a`|itne vazha h}|i`|e+ htth lievhzna`hdh ka|h`|h dene at jzatat edxk|at tej at di`wat lh xna cebxhiza lh Te Gee+ h den xnkibhize ve`|av lh *Txa Ta`|ilalh*+ httat jzatat size |e`a den naiez chzedilalh -h zavilhw)le qxh ade`|hdhx `a Ilalh Nlia.

Sanet zhvh|iz qxh a avazh`|h |ekhz`dia le Sa|ida`e hn zhkae ae Vze|ht|a`|itne denvkh|anh`|h h`ba`eta. Txa a|i|xlh inx|shk+ hnjeza hkh vetta nxlaz et nhiet lh de`thbxize thx ejgh|ise+ qxh `hx|zakiwaz a Zhcezna lh Kx|hze h zhi`az txvzhna hn Ghzxtakn. Hnjeza elie aet *mhzhbht* g `e thga vzedkanale le ak|e let |hkmalet h et klhzht vze|ht|a`|ht |h`mantile h`ba`alet a|zast le Hdxnh`itne vez desazlia ex ib`ez`dia at zhbzat li|alat vhket

vavat `et sziet de`dkiet i`|hz`et la Ibzhga |n de`|i`xale `e nhtne |hez le De`dkie lh \zh`|e+dxge bzi|e cei *nez|h aet mhzhbht!*A`|ht la Bxhzza Cza`deVzxttia`a+ hn 1=26+ et da|kidet cakasan vxjkidanh`|h lh xna

zh`esae la kx|a de`|za e Vze|ht|a`|itne+ `et neklht let tdxket a`|hziezht. E gez`ak *KhNe`lh*+ lh Vazit+ zbe ecidiak le @`die Vavak+ dmanasa htta bxhzza lh *dzxwala zhkibieta de`|zae Vze|ht|a |itne*. Cza`a e Sa|ida`e masia baza`|ile qxh jat|asa xn a|aqxh Vzttiavze|ht|a`|h vaza qxh a Akhna`ma le Txk a hka th gx`|atth. Nat h`qxa`|e a mihzazqxia zena`abzi|asa tkeba t a casez le vava+ et va|zie|at akhnht bzi|asan *vhka V|zia*. Htta bxhzzaezba`iwala vaza kiqxilaz e Vze|ht|a`|itne dxt|ex a @avekhe III e thx |ze`e. E Sa|ida`e thnvzh

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denvhkh et li|alezht a kx|az vhka daxta la Ibzhga+ nat qxa`le ht|ht te lhzze|alet+ hkh th sek|avaza e kale sh`dhlez+ cawh`le adezlet vez jai}e le va`e h lhtvzhwa`le et a`|ibet akialet+ denecei e date lh Mi|khz h Nxtteki`i+ qxh adajazan nezzh`le vez de`ciazhn `at vzenhttat let nvietViet ]I h ]I.

Thnvzh qxh e Sa|ida`e denha a vhzlhz xna bxhzza de`|za e Vze|ht|a`|itne -ex ex|zebzxve zhkibiete) hkh th sek|a zavilanh`|h vaza e kale sh`dhlez+ gxza`le+ hn e `enh lh Lhxt+ qxh

thnvzh ht|ishza a casez lhtth sh dhlez+ h avzhth`|a`le *vzesat* avazh`|hnh`|h izzhcx|shit lhqxh th dakaza hn dhz|at edatiht+ a cin lh `e vzhgxlidaz et da|kidet le kale sh`dile+ dene cei edate lh Vie ]II+ hn zhkae aet teklalet da|kidet let h}zdi|et `awit|at. H e nx`le i`|hize+de`sh`dile vhka velhzeta nqxi`a la vzevaba`la da|kida+ adaja adzhli|a`le hn |xle qxh httaIbzhga liw+ a lhtvhi|e lh nxi|et |ht|hnx`met de`cishit+ liwh`le e de`|zzie+ dene cei e date laDzedia da|kida+ qxh tadzicidex qxath xn nikme lh tzsiet i`edh`|ht h |xle cidex hn edxk|e+ a|megh. Den et thit nikmht lh Gxlhxt nez|et `e Mekedaxt|e |hzia ade`|hdile e nhtne+ th a cezagxlaida `e cetth nait ax|`|ida h |ishtth dakale et lhtna`le lh xn vaza`ide dmanale Mi|khz+ajh`eale vez *Txa Ta`|ilalh* h txa mihzazqxia. A shzlalh qxh thnvzh qxh e Sa|ida`e vhzlhxna bxhzza de`|za et Vze|ht|a`|ht ex qxakqxhz zhbinh lhnedz|ide+ hkh th sek|a vaza e kalesh`dhlez+ gxza`le qxh thnvzh ht|ishza a casez laqxhkht de`|za qxhn ht|ishza kx|a`le+ vez jai}ele va`e.

Qxa`le et i`bkhtht kijhz|azan Ghzxtakn let |xzdet+ `a I Bxhzza Nx`liak+ ht|ajhkhdh`le aki

xn beshz`e jzi|`ide+ e Dazlhak Batvazzi+ vez|asew le Sa|ida`e+ nhtne |h`le th zhbewigale dene ca|e+ avt xn nenh`|e lh zhckh}e+ cakex den a naiez thzihlalh7 * kanh`|shk qxh httakijhz|ae |h`ma tile de`thbxila vez xn Velhz vze|ht|a`|h+ qxh `e vza|ida a shzlalhiza c*+ exthga+ a Bz Jzh|a`ma. Httat vakaszat vazhdhn i`ech`tisat+ nat e Sa|ida`e lhvzhtta denhex ahnvxzzaz a txa mihzazqxia `e th`|ile lh hzzalidaz e beshz`e *mhzhbh* la Vakht|i`a. Itte nhtneade`|hdhx `a Ikma lh Nak|a+ e`lh a Ibzhga t lhtda`tex qxa`le h}vxktex lh k e beshz`ejzi|`ide+ tej nik h xn txj|hzcbiet vek|idet.

Nat+ vhka se`|alh tejhza`a lh Lhxt+ qxh xtex e jzatikhize Etsakle Aza`ma+ a|zast laE@X+ cei ht|ajhkhdile+ `a a`|iba Vakht|i`a+ hn 19

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Xna hsil`dia lh qxh e lie ae Vze|ht|a`|itne h aet lhnait *mhzhbht* a dazad|hzt|idavzi`divak la Ibzhga lh Zena velh thz de`t|a|ala+ mit|ezidanh`|h+ `a Htva`ma+ qxa`le+ hn 198:+:6.666 vze|ht|a`|ht cezan |e itekalet htvizi|xaknh`|h dene et *mhzhbht* let tdxket a`|hziezht+hn shzlalhize *bxh|e vze|ht|a`|h*+ vez ezlhn le Dazlhak Nezhkka+ Thdzh|azie le Sa|ida`e+ vaza atZhkibiht @e Dzit|t+ de`ceznh de`|ex e Zhs. G. NadOay+ vzhtj|hze h vzhtilh`|h le Thni`zie\hekbide Vzi`dh|e`+ `et az|ibet la *Vzhtjy|hzia` Kich* 1981. Et vze|ht|a`|ht `e velian ajziz

txat ibzhgat+ `e velian cawhz dxk|et `et kazht+ `hn `at davhkat+ `e velian na`|hz thxt dkxjht h`hn txat htdekat vazeqxiait.A Htva`ma da|kida+ qxa`le `e beshz`ala vez xn vzhtilh`|h kijhzak ex htqxhzlit|a+

thnvzh |hn th lit|i`bxile hn thx lie aet vze|ht|a`|ht h et tinva|iwa`|ht lht|ht |n tileet|h`tisanh`|h jeide|alet+ de`ci`alet h a| avzitie`alet+ tej et nait `cinet vzh|h}|et. @aHtva`ma lh Cza`de ex hn qxakqxhz ex|ze vat e`lh a Ibzhga lh Zena h}hza e velhz zhkibiete+ evx`me lh chzze le Sa|ida`e thnvzh et|h`tisanh`|h xtale+ tej a akhbae lh qxh Lhxt kmh lhxe lizhi|e lh zhvziniz a *mhzhtia*+ nhtne a|zast la ceza+ a cin lh vze|hbhz a *`ida zhkibieshzlalhiza*. Hn ex|xjze lh 19

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agxla hde`nida aet *mhzhbht*+ qxh nezzhze lh cenh+ th `e th lejzazhn lia`|hle li|alez anhzida`e+ qxh e Sa|ida`e dekedaz `htth vat. Dene thnvzh+ hkh saiabiz txjzhv|idianh`|h+ xta`le veset ezih`|ait vaza cawhz h thzsie txge.

Et vat|ezht vze|ht|a`|ht lh megh th vzhedxvan |a`|e den e thx de`cez|e hvzebzhtte na|hziak qxh htqxhdhn lh khz h ht|xlaz a mit|zia la vhzthbxie da|kida

`e Tdxke ]]+ h thnvzh qxh th caka lh vhzthbxie+ hkht se kebe liwh`le qxh *ittecei `e |hnve la I`qxitie h megh jhn lichzh`|h*. Vejzht ikxlilet! Qxa`le aax|eza hza nh`i`a+ `et a`et

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Avt a nez|h lh Vie ]II+ a evetie ajhz|a ae Vze|ht|a`|itne cei zhka}ala.Shie Gee ]]III+ den e h}vzhtte ejgh|ise la vaz|h le thx nh`|ez e Bh`hzak Ghtx|aVhlze Azzxvh -megh e Bh`hzak e De`lh Vh|hz Ma`t Oeksh`jadm) lh ht|ajhkhdhz eNesinh`|e Hdxn`ide. Inabi`hnet e vh`tanh`|e lhtth Bh`hzak Ghtx|a+ de`ceznhe de`mhdinh`|e alqxizile tejzh a na`hiza dene |hn abile a Ezlhn lh Keyeka+ ae

ke`be lh qxath 866 a`et7*G qxh `e de`thbxinet+ lxza`|h nait lh

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Dav|xke

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azdhjitvet h jitvet ciwhzan+ `a ki`bxabhn nait siekh`|a. E vzvzie vava anhaex Jitnazdo den asi`ba`a lh Lhxt+ a qxak+ thbx`le hkh+ izia akda`ke.

At zhvzhtkiat kebe ade`|hdhzan. E zhvzhth`|a`|h livken|ide akhne+ e qxak+h`|zhnh`|ht+ ceza h`siale ae Sa|ida`e+ cei zh|izale h e qxh shie a thz de`mhdile dene at KhitCako ex at Khit lh Naie cezan vzenxkbalat.

A kx|a hn txa viez cath vhzlxzex vez nait lh di`de a`et. E Sa|ida`e zhtve`lhx+

ezlh`a`le qxh e dkhze akhne ka`atth a`|hnat de`|za at ax|ezilalht disit h de`|za |eletaqxhkht qxh th zhdxtatthn a zhde`mhdhz e vava dene `ide i`cakshk vez|alez la shzlalh. Aax|ezilalh zhkibieta+ cei lhdkazale+ lhsh ht|az adina lh |elat at ax|ezilalht disit. Lh`|ze latibzhgat hza vzhbale qxh a hlxdae le dkhze hza xn attx`|e le Sa|ida`e h `e le Ht|ale. H qxh`h`mxn da|kide |i`ma e lizhi|e lh thvazazth la Ibzhga Da|kida. Xna shw da|kide+ vaza thnvzhda|kide.

De`ceznh a Khi Da``ida+ e datanh`|e hza xn tadzanh`|e h tenh`|h a Ibzhga Da|kidavelhzia ecidike hn dhzin`ia zhkibieta. A itte+ aciznasa a Ibzhga+ `e |i`ma lizhi|e e Ht|ale. Hkht`e avh`at i`t|ibazan e lie zhkibiete h zadiak `a Vek`ia h AktadiaKezzh`a+ dene xtasan ejaizzitne vzesi`dia`e hn Ht|alet da|kidet dene a Jaszia h at vzesdiat le Zh`e+ cenh`|a`le eaxnh`|e lhtth jaizzitne. H`|e+ de`lxwilet vhke dkhze+ et da|kidet th |ez`azan zhjhklht. A|zastlh |h`t lh qxht|e zhkibieta h nezak hkht dziazan a lhtezlhn tediak+ disik h vek|ida h elhtattetthbe+ |xle itte lizibile lh Zena _vhket Ghtx|at^.

E beshz`e zhtve`lhx den a h}vxkte lh valzht let thxt vkvi|et h lh vzechttezht hjitvet+ den nxk|at h vzitht anvkanh`|h htvakmalat. @xnhzetat ezlh`t zhkibietat cezanh}vxktat le zhi`e. nhlila hn qxh viezasa e de`cki|e+ et jitvet h azdhjitvet hzan gebalet hnvzitht h e Azdhjitve lh Veth` aki cidex vez nait lh leit a`et.

A kx|a `e cidex de`ci`ala vzvzia Akhna`ma+ nat th htvakmex vez sziet vatht laHxzeva. Da|kidet chzsezetet denhazan a ezba`iwaz denvkt h vka`et+ a cin lh vzhgxlidaz eHt|ale h thxt zhvzhth`|a`|ht.

Xn geshn da|kide+ qxh masia tile hlxdale `xna htdeka dkhzidak+ |h |ex attatti`azJitnazdo+ a|iza`le `hkh lxza`|h xn vatthie hn Oitti`bh`+ h qxath e de`thbxix. A jaka a|i`bix ane lh Jitnazdo qxa`le hkh a khsa`|ex a| a dajha+ `xn a|e lh taxlae zhtve`tisa.

E beshz`e zhtve`lhx den nhlilat ai`la nait thshzat. @xnhzetet nhnjzet da|kidet leVazkanh`|e cezan vzhtet h e datanh`|e disik cei ht|h`lile vez |ele e invzie.

E de`cki|e `e |hzni`ex a. E vzvzie vava h`|zex `e de`cki|e. Ex|za h`ddkida cei hni|ilavez Vie I]. Hka lhdkazasa zhvlie t khit h at a`xkasa+ de`tilhza`le nviet et thxt dzialezht. Lhtthnele+ zh`esasa e i`di|anh`|e lhtejhli`dia disik h bxhzza disik+ lh cezna qxh a kx|a h`|zex`xna cath nait zlxa. A mihzazqxia da|kida+ e kaida|e da|kide h et vek|idet da|kidet cezanejzibalet a aveiaz a h`ddkida. A Ibzhga Da|kida `ala lhi}ex vez cawhz `e th`|ile lh atthbxzaz etthxt ejgh|iset. Ae i`t|zxnh`|e vek|ide le Sa|ida`e `a Akhna`ma+ e Vaz|ile lh Dh`|ze+ cezan lalati`t|zxht+ th qxh lht|at hkh dazhdia+ vaza `e lhne`t|zaz nithzidzlia akbxna den e beshz`e.A|zast lh |ele htth vhzele kilhzale vez Ri`l|mezt|+ e Vaz|ile lh Dh`|ze+ tena`le leVazkanh`|e+ kx|ex+ i`litdzini`alanh`|h+ de`|za |elat at nhlilat lh Jitnazdo+ `e invez|a`leqxe lit|a`|ht hkat ht|ishtthn let i`|hzhttht zhkibietet.

Nat hn 1=2= Vie I] cakhdhx. E `ese vava cei Khe ]III. \a`|e hkh dene Jitnazdo |h`|azanakda`az xna htvdih lh denvzenitte. Jitnazdo denhex a |hz h`de`|zet den Ri`l|mezt| h den ezhvzhth`|a`|h le vava+ Gadeji`i+ h a jath vaza xn h`|h`linh`|e cei ht|ajhkhdila. Xn `ese

ni`it|ze+ Tdmkewhz+ cei h`siale ae Sa|ida`e h e beshz`e xtex lh bza`lh litdzie ae alni`it|zaz atKhit Cako. Htta zhavze}inae de`|i`xex den |ak txdhtte qxh e vava vhlix xn zh|za|e lh Jitnazdo.Kebe lhveit+ Jitnazdo vhlix qxh e vava cetth nhlialez h`|zh a Akhna`ma h a Htva`ma denzhkae t h}ib`diat lht|at lxat `aht t Ikmat Dazeki at. Nhlilat alidie`ait vaza lini`xiz atezlh`t thshzat lh anjet et kalet vzetthbxizan+ a| qxh Jitnazdo denhex a de`ciaz `e aveie leVaz|ile Da|kideAkhne+ vaza at nhlilat vzi`divait lh txa `esa vek|ida ci`a`dhiza h hde`nida.

E viez la kx|a masia vattale h cei ht|ajhkhdile xn nelxt sish`li. @e cei lh nele akbxnh}|zaezli`zie qxh e Ht|ale |ishtth lini`xle txat h}ib`diat de`|za a Ibzhga h lhdilitth zhtvhi|az+h a| nhtne aveiaz+ akbxnat h}ib`diat la nhtna. Ex qxh e Sa|ida`e lhth`sekshtth xna `|ina

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aniwalh den e dma`dhkhz ax|ezi|zie+ xna shw qxh anjet eliasan h |hnian et vzi dvietlhnedz|idet h kijhzait. Sit|e dene at qxht|ht zhkibietat masian tile zhteksilat+ hkht th |ez`azan`|inet vazdhizet h denja|hzan+ i`litdzini`alanh`|h+ et vzi`dviet h iliat qxh adzhli|asan thzvhzibetet ae ajtekx|itne zhkibiete `a Ibzhga h ae ajtekx|itne vek|ide `e Ht|ale.

nxi|e tib`icida|ise qxh e Sa|ida`e+ a|zast le Vaz|ile lh Dh`|ze+ vez nait lh xna shw+vzinhize |h`ma tile met|ik a xna vka|acezna lh beshz`e ex ht|alit|a h hn thbxila |h`ma th

|ez`ale e thx akiale. Httat nxla`at+ qxh th avzhth`|azan dene i`de`tit|h`|ht+ te e de`|zzielitte. Veit+ de`qxa`|e i`de`tit|h`|h vetta e Sa|ida`e thz hn thxt n|elet+ hkh ganait vhzlh lhsit|a et thxt ejgh|iset ci`ait+ et qxait de`tit|hn hn atthbxzaz et i`|hzhttht la Ibzhga Da|kida. Hhtth nhtne vzedhlinh`|e cei thbxile sziat shwht `a Akhna`ma+ jhn dene hn |ela a Hxzeva+`et a`et txjthqh`|ht.

@e date la Akhna`ma lh Jitnazdo+ qxa`le e Sa|ida`e abix hn vzinhize kxbaz denmet|ikilalh ilia lh qxh xna Vzttia vze|ht|a`|h beshz`atth et Ht|alet h et tli|et da|kidet+ hkhcei met|ik vezqxh Jitnazdo+ vazale}aknh`|h+ lhthgasa zhakiwaz zhceznat kijhzait. Hnjeza+ `ettanelhz`a de`dhve+ httat zhceznat `e cetthn th`tadie`ait+ hkat hzan h`|e+ h hn txa ceznaa|xak de`|i`xan th`le xn a`|hna Ibzhga Da|kida.

Jitnazdo `e hza xn ana`|h la lhnedzadia+ nhtne va|zedi`a`le zhceznat kijhzait? hkh`e hza xn ana`|h la lhnedzadia ae denja|hz e Sa|ida`e. @hn e cei ae th |ez`az thx anibe vhke de`|zzie. H e Sa|ida`e shzicidex itte+ e qxh h}vkida |hz ht|h th |ez`ale thx anibe `|ine. Xna

shw qxh Ibzhga cei baza`|ile qxh et thxt i`|hzhttht thzian zhtvhi|alet h txa daxta na`|ila hnzhtit|`dia aet vhzibetet ilhait le Thdxkazitne+ le Kijhzakitne h+ adina lh |xle+ le Tediakitne+thx dxzte ht|asa kiszh. Hka tajia qxh+ akn lh ba`maz invez|a`|ht sa`|abh`t a|zast la se`|alhcez|h h ax|ezi|zia lh Jitnazdo+ `hkh |hzia xn jat|ie `e qxak velhzia de`ciaz.

E Sa|ida`e thnvzh |hn |ile h de`|i`xa |h`le xna vzhlikhe vhket menh`t cez|ht. Qxa`leth`|ix qxh velia de`ciaz hn Jitnazdo+ e Oaithz+ h ci`aknh`|h hn Mi|khz+ e Cxhmzhz+ hkh kmht lhxaveie. @e Vaz|ile lh Dh`|ze h `a mihzazqxia da|kida akhn e Sa|ida`e vettxa leit i`t|zxnh`|etvaza a|i`biz thxt ejgh|iset vek|idet. H htdkazhdhlez vhzdezzhz at siditti|xlht le Vaz|ile Da|kideAkhne.

Lhtlh e vzi`dvie+ txa nhnjzhtia cei nxi|e nit|a. Hka i dkxa |zajakmalezht hhnvzhbalezht+ zidet vzevzih|ziet lh |hzzat h danve`htht+ azit|edza|at h hzxli|et+ ecidiait haz|htet. Ae de`|zzie le Vaz|ile Da|kide Axt|zade+ hkhnh`|et vzebzhttit|at h zhadie`ziet hzanzhvzhth`|alet `at cikhizat le Vaz|ile Akhneh txa dazad|hzt|ida cx`lanh`|ak hza qxh txa jath `ehza vek|ida+ nat zhkibieta. Hn zawe lh txa `a|xzhwa vhdxkiaz+ e Vaz|ile lh Dh`|ze`e th de`ci`asaaet vzejkhnat `adie`ait h avt txa dziae hkh lhx xn |vide h}hnvke litte.

Hn 1=26+ at |zevat la I|kia X`ila edxvazan Zena h ajekizan et Ht|alet vavait.Inhlia|anh`|h+ e Vaz|ile Da|kide lh Dh`|ze h}ibix qxh Jitnazdo i`|hzsihtth hn casez le vava.Jitnazdo zhtve`lhx qxh et liat lh i`|hzchz`dia `at silat lh ex|zet veset masian |hzni`ale. EVaz|ile Da|kide lh Dh`|ze cei nait ke`bh h vhlix a i`|hzsh`e niki|az `a I|kia. Cakex lh xnaDzxwala a|zast let Akvht. Jitnazdo h`siex xn vze|ht|e ae Sa|ida`e+ tajh`le nxi|e jhn lhe`lh vzesi`ma a i`tvizae le vaz|ile. A zhtvet|a lala cei qxh e Sa|ida`e ht|asa invettijiki|ale lhcawhz qxakqxhz dh`txza ae Vaz|ile lh Dh`|ze.

Lxza`|h et lhw a`et lh kx|a de`|za Jitnazdo+ e Vaz|ile axnh`|aza bza`lhnh`|h a txanhnjzhtia h qxa`le+ ci`aknh`|h+ xn h`|h`linh`|e h`|zh e Sa|ida`e h e beshz`e cei akda`ale+ `aldala lh 1=96+ e Vaz|ile Da|kide lh Dh`|ze davi|xkex ae Zhidm Memh`wekkh` h adhi|ex e thx

len`ie vze|h|ez. Cei htth e i`die lh xna |zikma qxh+ th `e |ishtth tile vaknikmala vhke Vaz|ileDa|kide+ vzesashknh`|h |hzia nxlale a mit|zia la Akhna`ma. Hn sit|a la denvetie mit|zida hlat de`liht vzhsakhdh`|ht `a Akhna`ma+ h`|e xn Vaz|ile Da|kide lhsia |ez`azth xnzhthzsa|zie lh evetie zhak h invez|a`|h... a evetie la Akhna`ma le Txk h Edilh`|ak ae Ht|aleniki|az tej a mhbhne`ia la Vzttia+ de`ceznh at vakaszat dhz|at lh xn htdzi|ez akhne.

Dene th lhx htta davi|xkae5 Hka cei avh`at xn hzze ex xna vek|ida jhn dakdxkala5Hnjeza et vzi`divait txt|h`|dxket le Vaz|ile Da|kide cetthn at nattat danvhti`at h et

|zajakmalezht da|kidet+ a| a nh|alh la I Bxhzza Nx`liak a txa kilhza`a ht|asa tej e de`|zekh|e|ak let azit|edza|at de`thzsalezht h la mihzazqxia da|kida txvhziez. Cei htta kilhza`a qxh |hsh

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i |hzhttht denx`t hn |hnhz et nhtnet i inibet let `e da|kidet. Et de`thzsalezht hazit|edza|at la Akhna`ma khsazan e vaz|ile a xna akia`a den e Zhidm Invhziak. Cei h}a|anh`|h amet|ikilalh de`gx`|a le niki|azitne vzxttia`e h le Da|ekiditne hn lizhe a dhz|at cznxkattediait+ vek|idat h hde`nidat qxh ci`aknh`|h et |ez`ex `|inet akialet let leit i`inibet nez|ait.Httat cznxkat ht|asan i`dezvezalat `at lex|zi at h vzi dviet le Kijhzakitne `at htchzathde`nidat+ tediait h vek|idat. E Vaz|ile Da|kidei`idiex siekh`|ttina danva`ma de`|za e qxh hza

lhtdzi|e dene e Davi|akitne a`|idzit|e+ gxlhx h kijhzak azzhnhtta`le i`shd|isat de`t|a`|ht+dene aqxhkat qxh th |ez azian |e canikiazht lxza`|h e zhbinh `awit|a... a nvia HtdekaNa`dmht|hz+ E Davi|ak Gxlaide Xtxzzie h e Nekeqxh Kijhzak le Li`mhize+ h|d.

Th et a`|hnat ka`alet de`|za et vzi`dviet kijhzait h e Ht|ale Kijhzak vhket sziet vavatcezhn zhkhnjzalet+ `e licdik h`|h`lhz a met|ikilalh le Da|ekiditne de`|za e Kijhzakitne h txazhtxk|a`|h akia`a den e zhadie`zie niki|azitne vzxttia`e. Cei xna de`thq`dia `a|xzak lade`lh`ae le Sa|ida`e ae Kijhzakitne lh qxakqxhz cezna de`thq`dia htta+ a qxak vaz|i`lelet danvet zhkibiete h nezak+ masia tile |zatkalala vaza et danvet tediak h vek|ide. Nh`et dkaza+|akshw+ lhshzia vazhdhz a zawe qxh i`lxwix e Da|ekiditne a th |ez`az |e a`|ithni|a. Htth vhdxkiaza`|ithni|itne hza qxath a dazad|hzt|ida denxnh`|zh e Da|ekiditne vek|ide la Akhna`ma h laxt|zia. E htvzi|e a`|ithni|a h a czathekebia cezan dxilaletanh`|h `ez|halet+ |a`|e vhkeDa|ekiditne akhne dene vhke axt|zade+ a cin lh a|adaz et vzi`dviet h a i`ckx`dia le naiezi`inibe vek|ide la Akhna`ma h la xt|zia it|e + e nesinh`|e tediakit|a.

Et nesinh`|et tediakit|at ht|asan vzhba`le a lhnedzadia hde`nida+ tediak h vek|ida.Ht|asan de`sila`le et menh`t a th cikiazhn aet nhtnet+ i`lhvh`lh`|h lh txa zhkibie+ zaa exdez. Et vavat h |ele e htvzi|e qxh a`inasa a Ibzhga Da|kida hzan cx`lanh`|aknh`|h met|it tiliat lhnedz|idat+ ae tediakitne h ibxaklalh+ qxhz cetth hlxdadie`ak+ hde`nida ex tediak. Lhca|e+ hzan de`|za qxakqxhz zhcezna aveiala vez `esat iliat h n|elet vek|idet. Hkht akinh`|asan`at nh`|ht let nhnjzet la Ibzhga Da|kida e lhtvzhwe h e lie vhke htvzi|e lhnedz|ide h xnlhthge lh th akiaz ae ax|ezi|azitne. Htta a|i|xlh+ et thxt nhnjzet khsazan vaza lh`|ze le Vaz|ileDa|kide. Den e vattaz let a`et+ et thxt h`ti`et vh`h|zazan vzecx`lanh`|h h+ lhtth nele+vzhvazazan ilhekebidanh`|h+ thn vhzdhjhz+ at nattat vaza adhi|az a ilia lh xna li|alxza. Ceiitte qxh ade`|hdhx ae Vaz|ile lh Dh`|ze Akhne.

Mexsh ai`la ex|za daxta vaza e denvez|anh`|e le Vaz|ile lh Dh`|zeqxh at i`ckxh`diexbza`lhnh`|h h at agxlex a lhth`sekshz txa dzhtdh`|h a|isilalh. Hka vzeshie la zisakilalh hde`thqh`|h met|ikilalh lhne`t|zala vhka Ibzhga Da|kida de`|za a Ibzhga Ez|ele}a+ htvhdiaknh`|ha Ibzhga Ez|ele}a Zxtta -silh dav|xke 12 E Sa|ida`e h A Zttia) ex|ze zhtxk|ale ax|en|ide.Dene htta met|ikilalh zhkibieta cei i`edxkala hn |elet et da|kidet+ i`dkxtish et akhnht+ qxa`lehka cei |zatkalala ae danve vek|ide+ lhth`sekshxth hn a|isa met|ikilalh vek|ida de |za aez|ele}ia+ a qxak+ vaza et akhnht+ hza zhvzhth`|ala vhka Zttia. A ax|ezilalh attin bhzalaht|asa hn denvkh|a mazne`ia den a vek|ida h}va`tie`it|a le Oaithz xn hke alidie`ak h`|zh eDa|ekiditne h e Invhziakitne la Akhna`ma. Itte cei h}hdx|ale a |ak h}|h`te qxh lxza`|h a BxhzzaZxtte\xzda+ e da|ekidttine Ri`l|mezt| lhdkazex+ h`|zh ex|zat deitat lh ibxak `a|xzhwa qxh+ hnk|ina i`t|`dia+ hka hza xna qxht|e lh th e nx`le lhshzia thz leni`ale vhke hkhnh`|e htkaseex akhne. A met|ikilalh de`|za a Zttia htkasa h ez|ele}a lhne`t|zala vhke Vaz|ile Da|kidea|i`bix |ak ve`|e qxh |zex}h xna dh`txza le Jitve se` Oh||hkhz vhka h}dhttisa ax|ede`cia`abhzn`ida. Cei htta a ilhekebia qxh vzhvazex e Vaz|ile Da|kidea dmanaz e thx zbe vzi`divak lhBhzn`ia xn gez`ak qxh nait |azlh thzia denvzale vhke danazhize le vava Cza`w se` Vavh`.

Qxa`le e Denx`itne+ xn i`inibe jhn naiez h nait lh|hzni`ale la Ibzhga Da|kida h lettit|hnat hde`nide h tediak vez hka aveialet+ a|i`bizan e velhz `a Zttia+ a met|ikilalh la Ibzhgacei dh`|xvkidala `e danve ilhekbide+ jhn dene `e danve vek|ide a|ise. E Vaz|ile lh Dh`|zezazanh`|h lhx xn vatte invez|a`|h thn a`|ht de`txk|az e @`die Vavak+ qxh cei lxza`|h nxi|eta`et e Dazlhak Vadhkki+ e qxak aveiasa qxakqxhz menhn ex vek|ida qxh th evxthtth ZttiaTesi|ida. Vez daxta litte `e lh htva`|az qxh e Vaz|ile Da|kide|ishtth adhi|e den |ak akhbzia hta|itcae a Dzxwala de`|za e Jekdmhsitne vzhbala hn Zena vhke vava h hn Jhzkin vez Mi|khz.

Lxza`|h xn qxaz|e lh tdxke+ a`|ht la h}vkete la I Bxhzza Nx`liak+ e Vaz|ile Da|kide+den h}dhe lh xn dxz|e vhzele lh de`cki|e den e Vz`divh Jxhker+ cei e bzxve nait cez|h `e

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Ht|ale Akhne. H |anjn hza e nait invez|a`|h akiale h}dkxtise lh |elet et dma`dhkhzht le ZhidmAkhne+ let Memh`mekh a| et Jhk|na``Mekrhb+ h |anjn xn let vzi`divait h`|zh et qxhaveiasan e invhziakitne akhne. Htth aveie cei jhn h}vzhtte vhke vzinhize klhz le Vaz|ile+Ri`l|mezt|+ qxa`le |za|ex la qxht|e vek|ida akhn zhchzh`|h a|i|xlh ale|ala hn lizhe aeh}zdi|e akhne. Hkh lhdkazex `e Zhidm|ab7 zhde`mhe qxh e h}zdi|e a i`t|i|xie naitinvez|a`|h le `ette vat h qxh thn hkh et vikazht lh `etta tedihlalh zxizian.

Ri`l|mezt| cei txdhlile vez Hz`t| Kihjhz+ qxh thbxix et nhtnet vattet le thx a`|hdhttez.Hkh hza xn let nait h`|xtiat|at h`|zh et qxh aveiasan at atvizaht deke`iakit|at la Akhna`ma hxn bza`lh alsebale la Bza`lh Vek|ida @asak le Oaithz+ lh |ak nele qxh se` \izv|w kmh chw xnabzalhdinh`|e hn txat Nhnziat. Kihjhz cei xn de`t|a`|h h i`ckxh`|h va|zedi alez lada|at|zcida vek|ida khsala a hchi|e vhke Oaithz+ alseba`le xn h}zdi|e naiez+ xna Aznala @asaknaiez+ xna vek|ida h}va`tie`it|a `e h}|hziez h nxi|a hlxdae `a |hzza `a|ak. Htta vek|ida `evelhzia |hz tile sishk thn a dezliak deevhzae le Vaz|ile lh Dh`|zeqxh hkh kilhzasa. Lxza`|h a IBxhzza Nx`liak+ hkht vhzna`hdhzan ciznht `xn cze`| x`ile lh |elet et vaz|ilet vek|idet akhnhtqxh hzan a casez la bxhzza. De`ceznh liw J. Nh``h+ e Vaz|ile lh Dh`|ze cei xn let naitazlezetet h`|zh et qxh aveiasan xna Akhna`ma Naiez+ alseba`le abzhttisanh`|h a h}ib`dia`e dzit| lh xn invkadshk vzetthbxinh`|e lh bxhzza. Hkht cezan |anjn leit invez|a`|htvzeve`h`|ht la li|alxza ht|ajhkhdila vhket bh`hzait.

E Vaz|ile lh Dh`|zeaveiex at nait lhtazsezalat h}ib`diat le invhziakitne akhne+ |ak

dene at a`h}aht+ |a`|e `e Ezih`|h dene `e Edilh`|h. Thx klhz+ `htth vhzele+ Vh|hz Tvam`+lhci`ix at sitht le Vaz|ile `e qxh nait |azlh thzia dmanala @esa Ezlhn `a Hxzeva avt asi|zia le Oaithz. Lizibi`leth ae Zhidm|ab+ `a vzinashza lh 1313+ hkh litth7 Et a`thiet la vawlhshn thz et a`thiet le Velhz. Lhshnet nxlaz at cze`|hizat la Akhna`ma+ de`ceznh e `ettegxkbanh`|e... A Jkbida lhsh cidaz `at net la Akhna`ma+ vek|ida+ niki|az h hde`enidanh`|h. EVaz|ile cei a| nait ke`bh h ht|asa czh`|h let nait ca`|idet invhziakit|at akhnht. E gez`akda|kide Medmka`lh}ibia a a`h}ae lh Jhkkcez|... den at a`|ibat cze`|hizat lh Kezh`a h Jxzbx`lyh+ ci`aknh`|h+ at det|at le Da`ak.

Itte `e cei |xle. Qxa`le hn 1918+ Se` \izv|w h}ibix qxh |elet et `asiet denhzdiait qxhh`|zatthn `at we`at lh bxhzza cetthn acx`lalet+ thn asite+ vhket txjnazi`et akhnht+ e Vaz|ileDa|kideaveiex h`|xtiat|idanh`|h htta h}ib`dia h lhdkazexth a casez lh xna izzht|zi|a ja|akma`asak+ a qxak cei va|zedi`ala vhket bh`hzait i`lxt|ziait+ va`bhzna`et h ex|zet. Mhz|ki`b+ e VzinhizeNi`it|ze la Jaszia h xn let klhzht le Vaz|ile Da|kide+ hza anibe `|ine lh \izv|w. Ai`la naitlib`e lh `e|a qxh a danva`ma cei va|zedi`ala vhka vzvzia mihzazqxia da|kida. Vzesa litte+ velhthz h`de`|zala `at aht le Dazlhak lh Nx`iqxh+ Jh||i`bhz+ e qxak nejikiwex e dkhze zxzak laJaszia h lhtka`dmex xna danva`ma lh vzevaba`la hdkhtit|ida a casez lh xna izzht|zi|a bxhzzatxjnazi`a. Itte cei a |ak ve`|e qxh e vzvzie Dazlhak cei t sikat+ abi|a`le et danve`htht da|kidetla Jaszia. Hn zhtvet|a a nxi|et vze|ht|et+ e Dazlhak lhdkazex qxh thzia xn dzinh lhizzhtve`tajikilalh la vaz|h akhn th ht|a lhi}atth lh ci`a`diaz xna izzht|zi|a bxhzza txjnazi a.E hvitdevale da|kide akhne chw hde a httat vakaszat h thbxix a danva`ma+ caka`le vaza etlib`i|ziet da|kidet lh kilhza`a qxh aveiatthn xna izzht|zi|a bxhzza txjnazi`a h a siekae la`hx|zakilalh jhkba. Sanet di|az avh`at at vakaszat dazad|hzt|idat le cx|xze Dazlhak Azdhjitve lhNx`iqxh+ nait |azlh+ xn vzehni`h`|h davhke le h}zdi|e7 Hn ni`ma evi`ie+ ht|a danva`mavzetthbxiz `a mit|zia la |ida niki|az dene xn h}hnvke vhzchi|e lh xna bxhzza gxt|a*.

Ci aknh`|h+ e bzxve le Zhidm|ab+ le Vaz|ile lh Dh`|ze+ lhx xn vatte zhaknh`|h

th`tadie`ak -13%16%1913). @xn ledxnh`|e dxilaletanh`|h zhlibile+ hkh litth qxh e dma`dhkhz leZhidm+ hnjeza ceznaknh`|h zhtve`tshk vhka vek|ida lh bxhzza akhn+ lhsia ejhlhdhz t ezlh`tle Txvzhne Dena`le. H qxakqxhz qxh thga e lhdzh|e hni|ile vez ht|h+ e Zhidm|ab ht|azia vze`|e aejhlhdhz. A tib`icidae lht|a lhdkazae a|i`bix nxi|e nait le qxh a inhlia|a litvx|a zhchzh`|ha xna izzht|zi|a bxhzza txjnazi`a. Hka cei+ lh ca|e+ e vzinhize zhde`mhdinh`|e ecidiak la li|alxzalet klhzht le H}zdi|e Akhne+ `e avh`at `et attx`|et niki|azht+ dene |anjn `et attx`|etvek|idet+ h a txjezli`ae le beshz`e le Zhidm h le Zhidm|ab+ qxhka li|alxza -J. Nh``h \mhDath ec Lz. Jzxh`i`b).

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A la|a la lhdkazae |anjn tib`icida|isa. @e lhdezzhx nxi|e |hnve+ a| qxh xnajkide menhn dene Se` Nek|oh+ e nait `ese `a lizhe le Txvzhne Dena`le+ hn abet|e lh1913+ vattatth e dena`le vaza e bh`hzak Kxlh`lezcc.

Hkh cei e vzinhize let li|alezht nelhz`et h+ hn `enh le bza`lh Dena`le+ ht|asalhdilile a beshz`az txvzhnanh`|h `a Akhna`ma h `e vattex nxi|e |hnve vaza qxh ede`thbxitth.

A adxtae lh qxh e Vaz|ile le Da|ekiditne vek|ide cei e vzinhize la Akhna`ma avze`x`diaz a tekh`h davi|xkae la Akhna`ma li|alxza le bh`hzak Kxlh`lezcc velh vazhdhzinvzesshk+ h a| nhtne nakidieta+ de`|xle+ xn ca|e mit|zide+ de`ceznh |hnet adajale lh shz-J. Nh``h+ \mh Dath ec Lz. Jzxh`i b).

@e |hzdhize a`e la bxhzza+ e Vaz|ile Da|kide cei lizibile vez xna |zi`lalh lh bzxvetdazad|hzt|idet lh |elet et vaz|ilet da|kidet+ ceznala lh da|kidet azit|edza|at+ ak|et ecidiait lhht|ale h invez|a`|ht lib`i|ziet la Ibzhga. Hkht hzan vez lhnait `adie`akit|at h zhadie`ziet+ |h`lebhzale e lhtde`|h`|anh`|e h`|zh et danve`htht h |zajakmalezht akhnht. Itte cei daxtalehtvhdiaknh`|h vhke nele dene alni`it|zasan a attin dmanala |zbxa disik h a zhdxta lhi`|zelxwiz xna cza`qxia bhzak h ibxaki|zia `a Vzttia.

Xna evetie cei bzalxaknh`|h ceznala vhka X`ie le Denzdie Da|kide lh Zmi`hka`l+dxge vez|a sew cei Hzwjhzbhz. A`|ht h lxza`|h a I Bxhzza Nx`liak+ hkh masia lhthnvh`male xnlxsilete vavhk vek|ide dene xn let lizh|ezht le bzxve da|kide i`lxt|ziak \mytth`+ `e Zhidm|ab. H

cei qxa`le hkh avhkex vaza a a`h}ae le lhvti|e lh chzze cza`dt lh Jzihy. Hkh ht|asa hn |inatzhkaht den \izvi|w h+ dene klhz la vzevaba`la akhn+ hkh ax}ikiex e Bh`hzak Kxlh`lezcc a a|i`bize velhz.

Hn 1912+ Hzwjhzbhz th lhtkibex lh |xle. Hkh zhdhjhx dhz|a i`ceznae qxh e de`sh`dhx lhqxh a Akhna`ma `e |i`ma qxakqxhz dma`dh lh ba`maz a bxhzza. E Bh`hzak Meccna``+ dena`la`|hlet h}zdi|et akhnht `e Ezih`|h+ h e De`lh Dwhz`i`+ Ni`it|ze Axt|zade le H}|hziez+ de`|azankmhqxh a Akhna`ma ht|asa hn ti|xae lhthtvhzaleza.

Nat e invxkte nait invez|a`|h shie le vzvzie Sa|ida`e. E vava Jh`hli|e ]S _nh`|ez laavazie lh C|ina + six den a`tihlalh qxh a ti|xae let velhzht lh Dh`|ze ht|asa thlh|hzieza`le zavilanh`|h. @e m zawe akbxna vaza dzhz qxh hkh lhthgatth a txa si|zia. Nat+vhke nh`et+ ht| jhn dkaze qxh hkh ht|asa a`tiete vaza hsi|az a lhzze|a lht|ht. A xt|zia hza e`ide velhz da|kide qxh ai`la h}it|ia `e nx`le h a vetie let da|kidet `a Akhna`ma hza xnalat qxh kmh gxt|icidasan at bza`lht htvhza`at. Hn |ait dizdx`t|`diat denvzhh`tshk qxh e vavasitth xna tekxe `ala lhtcasezshk vaza et leit vatht h vaza htth cin hkh th vzevt a vzhgxlidaza vzinhiza anhaa lh nhliae h`|zh Ke`lzht h Jhzkin. A h}ib`dia vzhkini`az cei xna lhdkazaela Akhna`ma zhchzh`|h aet thxt ejgh|iset `e Edilh`|h. Cei a qxh denhex a |azhca lh Hzwjhzbhz.

E vava h`siex a Nx`iqxh xn let thxt tadhzle|ht livkena|at+ xn geshn nxi|e majiki|aledmanale Hxb`ie Vadhkki -nait |azlh ``die vavak h hn thbxila Vie ]II)+ a cin lh ht|ajhkhdhzzhkaht den e cx|xze menhn qxh izia beshz`az et dzdxket vek|idet la Akhna`ma+ Hzwjhzbhz.Dmedale den a zhshkae qxh ht|h kmh chw tejzh a vetie lhtcasezshk la Akhna`ma `aqxhkabxhzza+ Hzwjhzbhz |hsh jea se`|alh h aveiex a ae le vava. Xn litdxzte chi|e vez hkh+ `e lia63%62%1912+ daxtex vzecx`la invzhtte `e Zhidm|ab h |hsh xn hchi|e nxi|e tjzie hn bhzak. Ittecei avh`at e denhe. Hzwjhzbhz |zajakmex i`da`tashknh`|h vaza vzeshz e vava den a lhdkazaelh qxh ht|h `hdhtti|asa+ dene vatte vzhkini`az+ txa i`|hzsh`e. Cei+ lh ca|e+ htvhdiaknh`|hbzaat a Hzwjhzbhz+ qxh `e lia 19%62%1912 dhz|a naiezia le Zhidm|ab+ de`tit|i`le lh da|kidet+

tediakit|at h kijhzait+ ale|ex xna zhtekxe hn casez la vaw thn a`h}aht h i`lh`iwaht. A|nhtne e Oaithz cidex ta|itchi|e den a alee lhtta cznxka |ik+ hnjeza |ishtth chi|e xnavhqxh`a zhthzsa7 a zh``dia lh xna lhdite vhka ceza lat aznat `e lhsia thz avkidala Akhna`ma.

A ti|xae kebe th i`shz|hx+ qxa`le a Zttia h`|zex hn dekavte+ hn th|hnjze lh 1912. AAkhna`ma kebe htqxhdhx a Zhtekxe lh Vaw+ a cznxka lh baza |ia tediakit|a h da|kida de`|za xnadenvkh|a lhzze|a+ h et bh`hzait akhnht li|azan et |za|alet lh vaw lh Jzht|Ki|esto h Jxdazht|.Nat+ qxa`le hn `eshnjze lh 191= a Akhna`ma daix+ Hzwjhzbhz+ e i`idialez la caneta Zhtekxelh Vaw+ cei htdekmile dene e menhn vaza `hbediaz e aznit|die. E Nazhdmak lh Danve+ Se`

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Mi`lh`jxzb+ vhlix qxh Hzwjhzbhz adhi|atth a zlxa |azhca. Den kbzinat `et ekmet h thbxza`leanjat at net lh Hzwjhzbhz `at txat+ Mi`lh`jxzb invkezexkmh qxh lhthnvh`matth a mezzh`la|azhca vhka tabzala daxta le thx vat.

Ht|a dh`a thzia zhvh|ila h}a|anh`|h lhw a`et lhveit+ qxa`le e Nazhdmak lh Danve naitxna shw vzecx`lanh`|h denesile hn kbzinat |enex at zlhat lh ex|ze klhz le Vaz|ileDa|kide Akhne.

Hzwjhzbhz+ dene vzhtilh`|h la Denitte Akhn lh Aznit|die+ atti`ex e aznit|die.Akn lh |hzth |ez`ale xn de`si`dh`|h lhnedza|a+ lhveit la bxhzza+ Hzwjhzbhz cidexde`sh dile lh qxh et niki|azit|at hzan et vzi divait i`inibet lh xna Akhna`ma vadcida hvzebzhttit|a. De`|xle+ itte `e tib`icida qxh e Vaz|ile Da|kide |is